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FOVREFOOTED -
BEASTES.
Deferibing the true and liuely figure of euery Beaft,with a difcourfe
of their fenerall Names, Conditions, Kintes , Us sues (both naturall and
medicinal) Countries of their bregg, their loue andhate to Mankinde, and the |
wonderfull worke of God in their Creation, Preferuation,
m and Deftruétion. at
Necelfary for all Dinines and Studerts,becaufe the flory of euery Beaft is amplified with Narrations ont of Scrip-
tures, Fathers, Phylofophers Phyfitiansand Poets: wherein are declared diners Hyerogliphicks Emblems,
Epigrams, and ether good Hiffories, Collected out ef allthe Volumesef C o wk a pv s Gzswam anda
- other Writers to this prefent day. By Epwakp Topszr. |
B | Gorgon
S OLOND OM,
"Printed by William Iaggard.
I 46 p 7°
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SLL AYE:
THEREVEREND ‘AND RIGHT
WORSHIP VEL; Ricaarp Nerrs, Di
of Divan ar v, Deane. of VV eftminfter, Maifter of
rhe'S a vox; and Clearke of the King bis most excellent
jag Maicfties Clofct, all felicity Temporall, (Immo
| Spicituall, and Eternall.
pre | He Library ef Englifh Bookes, and Catalogue of writers,
ly ee GA (Right Worthy and Learned D x & w wy meft relpected
Ji Patron) hane gromne to the height, not oncly ofa iuf?
| number but almoft isnumerable : and no maruell, fer God
d bath im allages preferued lerning in the next place
to fes for as life is the Minifteriall Goucrner and sooner
in tbissmerld, fa is learning the Mumfiertal Gouerney aud
“lt moeuer in life : As an Interpretor tw a flrange Country is
gece]. ary for a tratieller that 1s ignorant of. Langua 'es( or
| elfe he]hauld perifhs) fois knowledge and learning tows
" peere Pilgrims im this our Perigrination, eut of Paradice,
unto Paradice; whereby cenfufed B xu Ls tongues are againe reduced to their fienifi-
. Lj
ee
as Dialects, not inthe linilders of Bane vx. to further and fini[) an earthly Tewer, but
inthebuilders of Y&&v s^ vu M, fo bring them allto their owne Cauntrey NN hich they
fecke,and ta the defired ref? of fonles. ‘Licerae obftetrices artium quarum beneficio ab
interitüt Vndicaritüz. 24s life zs different and diners, according to the [prit wherein it 18
feated; and by which it is norifbed as with acurrents o al [o 15 Learning cor cing to thetaft.,
af rules Canons and Authors, from whom as froma Fountaine it taketh
ve, andpract ife
Lotbbeeinning andencrea[e s euen as the fpirit of a Seypent is much quicker then the [irit of *
an Oxé; and the Learning of Ariftotle and Pliny mere liaely and light {ome then the knew-
ledge of ether obfcure Phila[ophers, unworthy to be named which either through enuie or
Non proficiencye dur/? neuer write, 9i cum hag excep tione detur fapientia vt illam
inclüfim tenea,nec enuntiem,reijciam.Noullius beni fine focio iucunda eft poffeffio.-
And therfore I. [ay with Petrus Blefen:Scientiarum generofa poffeffio in plures difper-
fa, non perditur, & diftributa per partes, minorationis detrimentum non fentit : fed
co diuturnius perpetuata feneícit quo publicata foecundius fe diffundit.
The greateft men flored with all helpes of Learning Nature e Fortune were the firft wri-
ters who asthey did'exeel ether menin po[effans C wordly dignity, [o they masifefted their
Vertues and Woorth in the adition of excellent parts of knowledge, eitherfor the delight or
profit of the world, according to the Poets profe (Gon : |
Aut ptodeffe volunt aut dele&tari poet,
- Autfimul & iucunda & idonea dicere vitz,
Omnetulitpun&um qui mifcuit vtile dulci, .
Le&orem dele&ando pariterque monendo.
aa au A 3 M out cd ey
n
i
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aH
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In
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Bith, Iuel.
tf
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| The Epiftle
Yet now of late daies this cuftome hath bin almoft difcon tinued to the infinite preiu-
dice of facred inuiolable Learning and Science, for Lurpis fepe fama datur minoribus,
(as Aufonius wrote in bis time) for indeed tbe reafon 15 pregnant :
Haud facileemergunt quorum virtutibus obftat,
Res angufta domi. "
But yet the great Recfour or Chauncellor of all the Academyes inthe world lefus Chrift,
Inwhom arehid all the treafüres of wifedome and knowledge, the Maifler of that
Colledee wherein be was but a Seruantor Steward, That was learned in all thelear-
ning of the Egyptians, (Imeane Mofes) the firft writer, the firft Author, the firft com-
mender of knowledge, and thefirft ordainer of a lawfull Common-wealth, and ruler of
Church and flate, bath not leaft our age without fome monuments of creat Princes JEarls,
Lords and Knights for the Ornament and honour of learning, who for penerall and-par-
Ticular canfes and benefits haue added their names ta the foctety of writers, and divulged
their workes in print, which are likely ta bé remembred to the worlds end, Such are our
mot temperate, lujt, VVife, and Learned King and’ Soneraigne. The Right Noble, and
Honourable Earle of Surrey long ago departed out of this earthly Horizon, Thenow li-
wing Earles of Dorfet, Northampton, Salisbury, and many Knights, Sir Phillip Sid-
ney, Sir George Moore, Sir Richard Bartlett, Sir Frauncis Haftinges, and others.
But of Aarons, and [ach as fit at the Helme of theCharch, or are woorthily aduaunced
for their knowledge in learning and fate, Tmeane both Bifbops and Doétors, almoft ine
numerable of all whom Ican fay no more, if Iwere woorthy ta fay. any thing, then apply
unto them particularly that which was [aid of one of the greatefl [chollers and Diuines that
euer England had. Dicobfecro fancta ^
*» Pofteritas, nec enim mihi fas eft dicere : tantum
Detantis tacitum, aut tantos audire tuuabit. Ce
Then why fhould I prefate, being enery way the leaft and meaneft of all other; now the
third time to publifh any part of my comcemed ftudées for the age prefent and fucceeding,
and fo tohawe myname inrolled amongst the benefactors and Authors of Learnings
Ej Non omniagrandiorztas, |=
Sea Qua fugiamus habet 5 feris venit vfus ab annis. (5 5;
Alas fir T haue neuer abounded in any thing, except want and labor and Ithanke-God that
one of thefe hath bin prepared to feed the other therefore 1 wil not [fl and upon any mans ob-
jecf ions who like Horfes as tt ts in the fable being led empty wel fed and without burdem Ao
forie the laden Affe adding mifery to bis loade til his backe was broke,and then wasallaid
upon the pampred di[dainfull Horfe : euen fo, thefe proud difpleafing [pirits are eafed bythe
Labors of us that beare their burthens, and if they content not them[elues with eafe but wil
alfo it in the feat of the [carn ful Jet themvemeber, that when eur backs be broke,they muff
‘take vp the carriage But pardon me I befeech you) if by way of Preface I open my hart unte
your War: who is better able then ten thoufand of the Momuffes, and mere charitably ge~
nerous inreceiuing [uch gifts with the right hande (as the[e are) although thay were ginen
vuith the left s for feeing 1 haue chofen you the patron of this worke, 1 vvil breefely declare
and open my mind vato you concerning the whole Volume, [paring amy other praifes of your
demerits then thofe uvhich by Martiall ave afcribed to Regulus, vvhich Iovill vvithont
flattery or feare of the enuious thus apply vate you :,
Cum fit Sophiz par fama & cura deorum [SSS.Trinicatis]
Ingenio pietas nec minor ipfa tuo. : .
Ignorat meritis dare munera, quitibi librum
/ Ec qui miratur [Nejile] Thura dari. 2
So tbepleaume the[e peroations , I vvil endeanor to proue unto you that this uverk which
Inow publifb and divulee unto the world,under the patronage of your name is Dinine,cr
neceffarie for allmen to knovv; true and therefore vvithout flander or [ufpietous feandall
tobe receiued s and that no man ought rather topublifh this vnto the World, then a Disine
or Preacher, For the ffr[H that theknovuledge of Beafts like as the knowledge of the other
creatures and workes of God, ts Deuine, I fee no canfe why any man fhoulde doubt thereof,
Seeing that at the firf they were created and brought toman as we mayread Gen.1.24,2 E.
ard allby the Lord lawsfelfe,fo that their life and creation js Deuine in re[pett of their ma-
"
T Aes Co '
— ~ Dedicatory. :
kev their naming diuine inre/pect that Adam out of the plenty of his ewndenine wifdeme;
gane them their [eueral appellations,as it were out of a Fountaine of prophefie, fore(hewing
the nature of euery kind in one elegunt ci fignificant denomination, which to the great lo[fe
of all his children was taken away,loft cx confounded at Babel. When Laffirm that the know-
lede of Beafts i Demine,I do meane no other thing then the right and perfect defcription of
their names, figures, and natures, and this isin the Creator bim[elf mof Denine sci there-
fore fuch as ws the fountain, fuch are the ftreams y//uing fro the [ame into the minds of men.
Now it is moft clearein Gen. how the Holy.ghoft remembreth the creation of al lining creas ©
tures, and the Four-footed next before the creation of man, asthogh they alone wereapoin-
ted the V{hers, eoing immediately before the race of men. And therefore all the Deuines ob-
ferue both in the Hebrew, in the Greeke and Latine that they were sreated of three feneral
forts or kinds The firft Jumentum, 45 Oxen,Horfe, Affes ci {uch like, Quia hominum
iuuamenta. The fecond , Reptile quiahominum medicina. The third, Befüa 1: 2
vaftando, for that they were wild c depopulators of other their affociats rifrma alfo againft
man, after that by his fal he bad loft his firft image & integrity. Now were it not aknovv-
ledge Deuine why fhould the holy Scripture relate it and deuide the kinds ? Yea, why fhonld
al holy men take examples fro the matures of Bealts Birds cie. & aply thé to henenly things,
except by the ordinance of God they were both allowed aud commaunded foto dosand there~
forein admiration of them the Prophet Dauid crieth out Quam magnifica funt opera tua
domine, omnia in fapientia fecifti. The old Manichees among other bla[phemies accufed
the creation of hurtfull, venomous, ranening, and defiroyina Beafts affirming them to bee
made by an euill God and al[o they accufed the er eation of Mice and other unprofitable evea-
tures, becaufetheir dulneffe was no kinder tothe Lord, (but like cruel and coueteus mtfers,
made no account of thofe beafts which broght not profit to their purfe. You know Right Ler-
aed n.y how that aane Father anfwereth that ealummy firft affirming that the fame thing
which feemed ydleto men, was profitable to God s and the [ame that appeared ugly to then,
was beautifull to him, Qui omnibus vtitur ad gubernationem vniuerfi. He therefore
wifely compareth afool that knows not the wfe of the creatures in this World,to one tgnorant
that commeth into the workehou[e of a cunning man, viewing a number of flrange tooles,
and hauing no cunning but in am Axe or a Rake phinketh that al thofe rare inuentions of a
vife Workman are ydletoies: and vubilft thus hethinketh, wandring to and fro,not loo.
king to his feet , faddenly falleth into fome furnace in the fame Work-houfe,or chance to take
vip [ame fharpe tool whereby he is vveunded. ther he alfathinketh that the fame are hurtful
and danngerous. Quorum tamen vfum quia nouit artifex, iofipientiam eius irridet, &
verba ineptanon curans officinam füam conflanter exercet. Bw? uve that are afbamed
to deny the ufe of infiruments in the fheps of rare ii ae rather admire their inuen-
tion yet are wot afratd to condemn in Gods florebouf[e fundry of bis creatures which arerare
inuentions, although throuch folly we bevveunded or harmed by them and therfore be con
cludeth that al beajts are either viiliaand agammft them we dare net [Deake s or pernitiofa,
whereby we are terrified,that we [hould not loue this perillous life, or elfe they are superflua,
uvhich to affirme were mof ridiculous: for asin a great houfe all things are not for vfeybut
Jome for ornament. fo is it 1n this World,the inferior pallace of God. Thus far Auften.
Therfore I will conclude this fir ft part, that not only the knowledge of the profitable crea-
ture ts diuine aud was fir/t of alltaucht by God ,but alfo of the hurtfull : For awife Man
faith Salomon fecth the Plague (by the reuelation of God) and hideth himfelfe from it.
And ohn Bap: Quis vos docuitabiraventura fugere. The/e things baue I principallie
laboured in this Treatife, to fhew vato men what Beafts arerheir friendes, and what their
Enemies, vvhich to truft amd whith aveyd,in which to find nori[Dment and which to [hun
as poifon. Another thing that per[wadeth me in the nece(ffarievfe of this hiftory that it was
deuineve as thepreferuation of al ereatures lining, which are ingendred by copulation (ex-
cept Fifbes Jin the arkeof Noah : vato whom it plea[ed the creator at that time teinfufean
in[lincf, and bring them home to man as to a fold: furely it was for that a man might gaine
out of them much deume knowledge,fuch as ts imprinted in them by nature yas atipeor [park
of that great vvifedome whereby they vere created In mice and Serpents aforeknowledge
of things to come,tn the Aunt and Pifmire a prouidence againft old age; in the Bear the'loue
of yong : in the Lyon his [lately pacesin the Cock & fheep, change of weather y as S. Bafil ia
Me em o mem
(eZ p 4 | d D /") 4
ut Py, ONS , JJ fA
a
The Epiftle
bis Hexaimeton, etiam in Brutis quidam futuri fenfus eft, vt nos prefenti vite non ad-
di&i fimus,fed de futuro feculo omne ftudium habeamus. — — :
For this caufe there were of beafls im boly féripture three holy fes, one for facrifice, ano-
ther in vifion, and athird for veproofe andinftructien. In Sacrifices were the cleane beafts,
which men were bound frftto knowe, and then to offer s for it ts vnreafonable that thofe
things fhould be facred at the Lordes altar, which are refufed worthily at prinate mens Ta-
bles. Naw althongh we batte no v{e of [acrificing of Beasts, Nam ficut bruta pro peccatis
-jmmolabantur, ita iam vitia pro corporibus. Yet we baue v[e of cleane Beafts for foode
and nourifbment, and therefore for the inrithing of the minds and Tables of men, it &s nece-
ary to know not onely the liberty that we haue to eat, but alfo the quality and uwtriment of
the Beal! we eat , not for any Religion, but for health and corporal nece[iity.T. his point # alfa
opened in this fory, and the other of Sacrifice, wherein I baue not omitted to [peak of the Di-
uine ve of enery Beafl both among the Lewes, and amang the prephane Gentiles. ew for
the fecond holy v[e of Bealts in viftons, the Prophet Daniels vifions, and Ezekiels, and S.
lohnsin the Revelation doe telifre of them, whereby the moft Deuines haue obferued how
great Princes and kingdomes after they haue [Dakenoff the practife of Inflice and piety turn
Tyrants and ranening Beafls.For fo man being in honor underfiandeth not but becommeth
like the Beafts that perifh,and fo,as Dionifius faith by viftons of beafts Wnfima reducuntur
er media in fuprema. Now there were as S. Augufline faith three kinds of vsfions,Sen-
fibiles,intelle&uales,& imaginarix:the frr/f were mofl pregnat becaufe tothe underflan-
ding and conceiuing, a man nenerlofi his fences, and therefore Ged did fodainely create fa-
sage Beafisboth of naturall and extraordinary fhapes, whereby be fhewed to his feruants the
Prophets, the ruiue or wprifing of beaftly flates and kingdomes. And not onety thus, but al-
fà im heauen (as Saint Yohn faithythere are foure Beaffs full of eyes before the throne of Gad:
both which mul needs magnifiethe knowledge that we may haue of thefe Quadeupedess
for feeing God hath vfed them as Sacraments or Myfteriestocontaine hus will Cot onelyin
- monftrous treble-headed, or (euen- horned-foapes) but alfoin pure ordinary, pathral lims cin
astbers:how foal we be able to geffe at the meaning in the feeret that do not underfiand the
vencaled? And what v[ecan we make of the innifible part ofthat Sacrament, where we
know not the meaning of the viftble? Doth the Lord compare the Dinell to a Lyen y euill
Iudges to Beares; falfe prophets to Woluess feret and crafty perfecutors to Foxes open ene-
mies in hoftility to wilde Boares s Heretickes and fale Preachers ta Scorpions; good mente
the Fowles of Heauen, and MartyrstaSheepsand yet we haue go knowledge of the nature of
Lyons, Wolnes,Beares, Foxes, IWilde-Bores yor Scorpions. Surely when Salomon faith to
the flacgard goto the Pifmire,he willeth bia to learne the nature of the Pifmire, and then
according thereto veforme his manners: And fo all the world are bidte learne the natures
of all Beafls for there is alway fomething to be learned in theme, according 10 this faying of
Saint Bafil.A deo nihil non prouidum in nature rebus eft,neque quicquam pertinen-
tis,ad fe cure expers,& fi ipfas animalium partes confideraueris, inuenies qued ne-
que fuperfluum quid conditor appofuit; neque neceflaria detraxit. Then it being cleare
that euery beaft isa natural vifion, uvhich «ve onght to [ee and underftand, for the more
eleare apprehenfion of the inuifible Maie/ty of GedsIvvill concludethat Ihane not omitted
this part ofthe v[e of Beafis, but haue collected,expreffed, and declared, vubat thevuri-
ters of allages haue heerein obferued.
Novu the third and laft holy vfe that is made of Beafts in Scripture, # for reproofe and
inflruitions fo the Lord in Iob.Ch, 38, c 39 mentioneth the Lyon, the Rauem, the Wilde~
Goats, the Hindes, the Hinde-Calues, the Wilde-A (ffes, theWuornghe Offrithethe Stork,
the Puilfaut-Har[e;the Hauke, the Eagle, the Vulturethe Whaleyand the Dragons that i5,
the Fovvles, Filbes Serpents and Four-footed-Beafls: Al vuhichhe reckoneth as known
things to lob, and di[courfeth af as fir ange thingsin their natures as any ve bane infer.
ted for trathin our Hiftory, as may appeáre to any man vvhatfoenersthat veil looke ffu-
dioufly into thew. |
Shall radde beereuuto hovv Motes, and all the Prophets, Saint lohn Baptiftonr moft
| bleffed
4
ar,
-—
Dedicatory.
bleffed Santour faint Paule, and al the Writers (ince his time (both auncient and latter)
bane made profeGon of this part of Diuinity sfo that he was anvnskilfull Deuine and nog
apt toteash, which could not at his fingers end [eake of the(e things : for (faith our Saui-
out) If I tell you earthly things and ye beleeue not, how fhall ye beleeue when I tel]
youheauenly things ? :
Salomon, zs tt 15 witne[fed in holy Seriptureywrote of Plants, of Birds, of Fifbes, and
Bea(ts, andeuen then when he flood in good fauour vvith God, therefore it is an exercife of
the highe/t Wifdome to trauell in, and the Nobleff windes to ftudy in :for init as 1 wil ew
yon (with your good patience for Ihaue no other preface) there is both the knowledge of god
and man. If any man obiect Multa multi de mufca de apicula de vermiculo, paucade
Deo, Jwill anfwer vvith the words of Theodorus Gaza: Permulta enim de Deois
tractat, qui doctrina rerum conditarum exquifitiffima, conditorem ipfim declarar,
neque mufca, neque vermiculus omittendus eft vbi de mira folertia agitur. Wherunto
Saint Auften agreeth vvher be faith, Maieflatem diuinam aeque in formicze membris
atque magno inuento tranante fluuium. | 44 for tbe knouvledge of man, miny and
mof? excellent rules for publicke and priuatea fares , both for pre[erumg a good Cen[cience
and anoiding an euill daunger, are gathered from Beas : Tt were to long torum ouer all, Tet.
me(Ibefeech you) be bold 20 reckon afew uvhich difcend from wature our common parent,
and therefore are neither ftrained, counterfait, incon[lant, or decciptfull s but free, full of
power toper[wade , true, bauine the feale of the higheft for their entdence s con]lamt and ne-
uer altred in any age : faitbfull, fuch as haue beene tryed at fire and Touch-ftone.
Were not this a good perfwafion again? vaurder ,ta fee all beafts fo to maintaine their na-
tures, that they kill not their owne kind. Who is fo-vnnaturall and vutbankefull to bis pa-
rents, but byreading how the young Scotkes nd NN ood-peckers do in their parents olde
age feed and nourifb themywillnot repent, amend his folly, and bee more naturall ? What
map 15 fo void of compafften, that hearing the bounty of the Bone-breaker-Birde to the
eung Eagles, well not become more liberall? Where is there fucha flueeard and drone,that
confidereth the labours, paines ,and trauels of the Emmet, Little-bee, Field-maufe SGutr=
vell,and {uch other that will not learne for [Dame to he moreinduftrious, and [et his fingers
zoworke Why fhould any man lining fall to do edill agatnf? his Confeience,or at the tempta~
tion of the Denull, feeine a Lyon wilt neuer yeeld: Mori {cit vnici nefcit 5 and | feesme the
little NN ven doth fight with an Eagle, contending for Soneraignty? woulde it not make all
mento renerence a good King fet ouer themby God? Seeing the Bees feeke out their King
jf he loofe himfelfe, and by a mot fagacious [melling-fence pener ceafe till he be found out,
and then beare hins upon their bedies if he be not able to firbutif he die they all for fake him,
And what King is not inuited to clemency, and dchorted from tyranny, [ecing the king of
Bees hatha fling, bat neuer vfeth the fame? —.- Sct
How great is the loue and faithfulneffe of Dogges, the meekne[fe of Elephants, the mo-
defty or fhamefafine(f eof the adulterous Dyone[fes the neatneffeandpolitare of the Cat and
Peacocke, the iuftice of the Bee uvhich cathereth from all flowers that which feructh their
turne, aud yet deftroyeth not the flower. The caré of the Nightingale ta make her voice ples
fant, the chaftity of a Turtle, the Canonical voice andwatchfulneffe of acoeke, and to con-
clude the utility of a Sheepe : All thefe and tem thoufand more I could recite, to fhew vvhat
the knowledge of the nature of brutifh creatures doth worke ov teach the minds of men, but
ES
I'vvillconcludethis part vvith the vvords: of s. lerom again? Iouinian. Ad Herodem -
dicitur propter malitiam. Ite & dicite vulpi huic, Luke 15. ad Scribus & Pharifzos
genimina viperarum Mat.23 .ad libidinofos equi hinmétes inproximorüfoeminas.
Jer.5. devoluptuofo nolite mittere margaritas veftras ante porcos. De impudenti-
‘bus neque fan&um date canibus 447,7. de infidelibus Ephefi cum beftijs,pugnaui in
fimilitudine hominum, 4274 thus fayre S. lerom t vvhereby we may boldly auerre by way
of induction, thar wherein the knowledge of God, the knowledge of man, the precepts of
Vertue, the meanes to auoid euill «re to be learned, that Science 1s Dinine and ought of all
men to be inquired and fought aft er : and [uch haue I manifefled in this hiftory following.
Now againe the nece/Sity of tlyis Hiftory is ta be preferred before the Chronicles amd re-
cords
The Epiftle
cords of al ages made by men,becaufe the euents e accidents. of the time pafl , are peraduen-
ture fuch things as fhall neuer againe come in vfe :but this [heweth that Chronicle which
was made by God him|elfe,euery lining beaf being a word,enery kind being a fentence, and
alof them togither a large hiftory,contaiming admirable knowledge ef learning whith wat,
which is, which fhall continue, Gf not for euer) yet tothe worlds end.
Et patris, & noftras,nounmaue prematur in annum
Membranis intus pofitis delere licebit
uod non xdideris.
The fecond thing in this difcourfe which 1 haue promifed to affirme, is the truth of the Hy-
flory ef Creatures, for the marke of a good writer sto follow truth and not deceiwable Fa-
bles. And inthis kind 1 baue paffed the firaighteft paffage, becaufe the relation of moft
thinges in this Booke ave taken out of Heathen vvriters, fuch as peraduenture are
many times fuperflitroufy credulous, and baue added of their owne verie many rafbin-
uentions, without reafon, authority, or probability, as if they had bene byred to fell{uch
Fables : For, Nonbene condu&i vendunt periuriateftes. Zmenla not baue the Rea-
der of thefe Hiftories to immagine that I laue inferted or related all that euer is faide of
thefe Beafts, but onely fo much as is fatde by many, For in the mouth oftwo or three
' « witneffes ftandeth euerie word : and if at any time Ihaue fet downe a fingle Teftimony,
it was becaufe the matter was cleare and needéth not farther probation, or elfe 1 haue lad
it upon the credit of the Author with [pecial words pat giuing the Reader any warant from
me tobeleeue it. .
Befides I baue taken regard to imitate the beft Writers, which was eafte for mee to doe,
becaufe Gefher relateth euery mans opinion (like acommen place or Diuonary as he pro-
felfeths Jand sf at any time he feemed obfcure,I turned to the Boakes. which Thad at bande to
effe their meaning, putting in that which be bad left out of many good Autheurs, and lea-
wing out many magicall deuifes.Now although 1 haue vfed no [ma!l diligence or care in col-
lecting thofe things which were moft effentiall to enery Beaft, moft true without exception,
and moft euident by the Veftimony of many good Authors, yet 1 baue deliuered in this trea-
tife many flraunge and rare thinges, not as fictions, but Myracles of nature, fer wifemen tà
behold and obferue to their fingular comfort sf they loue thepower, glory, and praifeof their
maker, not withholding their con[ent to the things expre(fed, becaufe they intreat of lieing
. things made by God himfelfe.Siergo quetimus quis fecerit deus eft, Si per quod, dixit .
fiat, & facta funt: Si quare fiat, quia bonus eft. Nec enim autor eft excellentior deo,
necars efficacior deiverbo, nec caufa melior, quam vt bonum crearctura deo bono,
and this Plato faid was the onely cau[e of the worlds creation, vt a dco bono opera bona
fierent. | |
Now Idee ina fort challenge a confent unto the probability of the[e thinges to wife and
learned men,althongh no beleefe. For Fides,is credere inuifibilia but confenfus isa elea-
uing or yeelding to a relation vntill the manifeftation of another truths and when any man
foalliufily vepraue any thing 1 baue written far falfe and eroneous Y willmot (licke to releafe
the Readers confent but make fatisfaction for v [urpation.But for the vnde and vulgar fort
(whobeing utterly ignorant of the operation of Learning, do prefently condemne al firange
things which are not ingraué im the palms of theirown hands-or euident tn their own heards
and flockes): 1 care not, for my cares haue heard fome of them {peake againft the Hiflorie of
Sampfon, vvbere he tied fire-brands to the tasles of Foxes, and many of them againft the
soyracles of Chrift. 1ay remember you(R. NN «ofa Countrie tale of an old Ma iffe-Prieft in
the daies of Henry the eight, vvho reading in English after the tran[lation of the Bible,
the miracle of the fiue loaues and tvvo Fishes,andvvhen heecame to the verfe that recko-
neth rhe number of the ghuefts or eaters of the banquet hee paufed a little, and at laft faid,
they vvere about fiue hundred: The clarke, that vvas alittle vvifer, vvhifpered into the
priefls eares that it was fiue thou[and but the prie! turned backe and replied uvith indig-
nation Hold your peace fitrha, we fhall neuer make them beleeue they were fiue P A
dred. Such
Dedicatory.
Such Priefis, fuch People, fuch perfons I(balldraw upon my backe, and although rdoe
not challenge a power of not erring, yet becaufe I fpeake of the power of God, that is vnli-
mitable, willbe bold to anerre that for truth in the Booke of creatures (although firft ob-
Serued by Heathen men) which i$ not contrary to the booke of Scriptures.
Leflly, that it is the proper office ofa Preacher or Deine to fet foorth thee workes of
God, I thinke no vvife man will make queftion, for fo did Motes, and Dauid,and Salo-
mon, and Chrift, and s. Paule, and 5. Iohn, and s. Ireney, 5. Gregory, S. Bafil, S.
Auften, S. Ierom,S. Bernard iz his enarrations or Sermons uppon the Canticles, and of
later daies lidorus. The Monkes of Meffüeo, Geminianus, and to conclude that orna-
. ment of our time Yeronimus Zanchius. Fer how fhall we be able to fpeake the whole Ceun-
_ feof God unto his people if we read unto them but one of his boekes ywhen he hath another
inthe worlde, which wee neuer fiudy paff the title or outfide ; although the great Ged hane
made them ain Epifile Dedicatory to the whole race of mankind. ».
This 15 my endeauor and paines in this Booke that I might prefit and deliehtthe Reader,
whereinto he may looke an the Holye/t daies, (not omitting prayer andthe pubricke ferwice of
God) aud paffe away the Sabbaeths ix heauenly meditations upon earthly creatures. I haue
followedD.Gefner as meer as Tcould, Ido profelfe him my Author in moft of my flories yet
Lhaue gathred vp that which he let falc added many pictures and flortes as may apeare by
Conference of both together. In the names of the Beafts, and the Phificke I baue not fwar-
ned from bim at all.He was a Proteftant Phyfitian, (ararething tofinde amy Religwn ina
Phyfitian -although Saint Luke a Phy/itian were a writer of the Gofpell.) His praifes therc-
fore [ball remaine, amd all liming creatures fhall witneffe for him at the laff day. Thus my la-
bor what[oeuer it be, Iconfecrate to the benefit of allour Englifh Nation under your name
and patronage, apublique profeffor,a learned ce reuerend Deuine, afamaus Preacher,obfer
ued inCourt e Country,if you wil vouch{afe to allow of my labors, I fland not vpon others,
co if it haue your comendation.jt foal incorage me to proceed to the refidue,wherin I feare no
impediment but ability to carry out the charge, my cafe fo landing that 1 baue not any ac-
ceffe of maintainance but by voluntary, benenolence for per [onallpaines , receiuing no more
but alabor ers wages C but for you, that had alfo been taken from me .Therfore I conclude
with the words of Saint Gregory to Leontius, Et nos bona que de vobis multipliciter
"praedicantur addifcentes, affiduepro gloria veftrz incolumitate omni-
potentem valeamus dominum
deprecari.
Your Chaplaine in the Church of Saint
Buttolphe Aldergate. EnvvARp TopsB Lt.
a m UM ee
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THE
PERS Per PASTE OF DOC T.
QoNuRADVS GESNERVS betore his Hiftory
of Foure-footed-Beaftes , concer-
ning the vtility of
this Srory,
LL Patzos opuy (moft worthy aecomplihed men,) is
in euery part excellent good, moftbeautifull,and moft wer-
thy of the loueand honor of all mortall men, which ateher
Clyents and Louers, (as all wiferand excellent men haue iud:
ged) ineueryage. Butbecaufethe witsof men do differ, as
education, conuerfation, cuftome,and the profitoflifeand
\uing, and peraduenture many other caufes, do make many
varieties of opinions in vs,which do poffeffe humaine minds;
with very many preiudices, not onely inlearning and religi-
= on,butalmoft in every thing; from hence therforeit com-
meth to paffe,that fome do follow one part of learning which they altogether propouns
dedtothemfelues, or for the occafion, and profit of the prefent eftate of their affaires.
So isit with me, that I euen froma child, being brought vp ofa kinf-man ( practitioner
of Phyficke) haue tafted from my youth the loue of that profeffion : Andalthough I had
alittle conceiued theknowledge of diuers things in the encreafe of my age, yet [left off
the ftudy of phyficke; (morethen was meete,) becaufeI would not continue ouerlon
therein 5 yetafterwards I returned again vnto the former ftudy thereof, thecare of houfe-
hould affaires requiring the fameat my handes. But when I confidered the greate affini-
ty of this Science with naturall Phylofophy, and that not any one can be accountedan
excellent or learned Phyfitian, which hath not drawne ( asit were from a Fountaine) his
firftinftru&ion from bookes of nature ; I diligently began to perufe the writings of Phi-
lofophers, which haue difputed or debated of things pertaining to nature : In which thofe
things did chiefely delightme,which did handle or intreat concerning mettals, plantes;
and liuing creatures, and that for two caufes. Firftofall, becaufe there may bee had of
thofethings a more true& certain knowledgethen of vnperfe&t or mixed bodies or Mete-
ours, and certaine other things,toolearned or curious.or far remoued from fence, or fuch
like, that a man can neuer hope for any fufficient knowledge ofthem, by any reafon or
fence. | ! bci |
_. Afterwardesbecaufetheir knowledge and. contemplation did not onely pertaine to
phifick, butalfo to minifter andto gouerne cuery thing peculiar, as other arts which were
much more profitableand neceffary.
. Therefore Ifpent much time in this ftudy, fo that in {pared or borrowed houres, and
as often as I did defiretorecreate my felfe fromother ftudies or bufineffes, I very deit-
roufly turned co them many yeares, accepting them for my onely pleafures and.ioyes,
whichhoures the commion fort of meu, and euen very many learned men, deidlely a+
bufe in walking, playing, and drinking. /
;: S, And although I haue confidered.and obferued very many thinges concerning
Plants,and other things, not fcene and confidered before me, or ateaft-wife broughtto
uj light
E
—— —
ME E EM E EMO i A DR EE
The fitt be-
nifit of this
The firft Epistle
light ofno man before, therefore it would feeme leffe neceffary at this prefentto write
ofthemsfecing that many do euen tothis day write learnedly and profitably concerning
plants 5 Geor xAericola,a man worthy of great praife, hath moft learnedly and profitably
written concerning mettals: wherefore I applyed my mind to the Hiftory offoure-foo-
ted-beaftes handled lightly in our age;and onely in pattes. But whenthatl1íàw I (hould
profit butlitele, except fhould adioyn the Hiftories ofthofe that haue trauailed inother
countries, to thefe private ftadies, and gathering ofourowne. I wentfirlt ofallto fome
points of the Germans, (but not many) andby and by after, I did adde thereunto mine
ownetrauailes into Italy, not onely for this caufe, but for the honor of my Bybliothaca,
that might reckon vp all kind of writers therein for the further honor theréof; ButifI
had met with any Mecenas,or had had further ability, or my. fortunes greater, [hadtra-
uailed further, both by Sea and land, into far remote places, for the enlarging of the fto-
ry both of beafts and plants, for the benifit of all pofterity, although I am in my felfe ave-
ry weake andfickly man. Butbecaufe that was not lawful, by reafon I wanted fufficient
meanes, | hauedone that which I could, and haue got alfo fomefriendes vnto me out of
diuers regions or parts of Europe, with whom after Icommuricated my purpofes, they
. returned vnto me fundry difcriptions of ftrange beafts, andthe moderne names of vul-
sar beaíts in many languages, with their pi&tures andthe true formes. Inthe meane time
| did notonly fit ftilland turne ouer books, but gaue my felfe diligently to enquireof ene-
ry Country-man or trauailer, a perticular and exa& obferuation ofthe nature of every
beaft : andfor this caufe I conferred with ftrangers of othernations, whichby any occa*
fion either were refident among vs, or paffed accidentally through our country; & made
of their relation the moft diligent notes that I could gather, conferring hem with olde
“writers and comparing one with another, till I had digefted the perfection of my inten-
ted ftory, andthe method thereof for the drawing ofitintoa perfe&t body.
And thus by littleand litdethe worke or volume increafed,not only by my great tra-
uaileand paines, but alfoto my great coftand charge, confidering my pooreand needy
eftate: when I thought that it was growne great enough (for ifall things growinfinite and
endleffe ) then I difpofed it to be printed and publithed to the world, leaftthat by defering
the diuulgation thereof vader colour to learne moe thinges, that might happen to mee,
which befalleth all men (namely Death) and fo I fhould by my owne modefty or backe-
wardneflé,not onely ouerthrow my ownelabours, butalfo depriue well deferuing men,
ofthe vniuerfall benificto be reaped by this ftory. Then I determined firftofallto begin
with theftory of. foure-footed-beafts, fuch as are not generated in parts and vnperfe&ly
asit were inanEgge, but perfe&ly and totally togetherin the dams belly, becaufe they
were notonely the moft worthy, principall,and excellent amongall the creatures of this
World next vnto men, but aifo, becaufe their naturall parts of body and difpofition, do
moft ofall refemble mankind. And ofthe refidue, namely, füch as are conceiued out of
Egges; eitherfoute-footed, or Birds, or Fifhes, or Serpents,or reptiles, (if God permit)
we will entreat perticularly inanother Tome by it felfe. And thus much for the order, in
creafe,occafion, and edition ofthis worke. . )
But fome man will inquire the caufe and reafon of fo greata labor and ftudyjand de-
flory to phy- maund of me what fruites, profit,and benefit, can come by this Hiftory ?To whom
ficke,
make this anfwere : Firft, the knowledge ofthis nacurall part of Phylofophye, isveryne-
ceflary and profitable to Phyficke, and that many waies ; Firft, for that many beaftes are
vfed for meate, nourifhment,and medicine, and for that caufe are not only applied out-
wardly, but inwardly tothe body of man : & then mote particularly, becaufe about four:
footed -beatts which breed in their own kind,for becaufe of the fimilitude they carry with
mankind in body and affe&ions,they fuffer many difeafes in common with vs,which are
cured by euery heard-man and leach in the fields: andalfothebea(ts themfeluesdo offer
many profitable medicines for the cure of mens which the skilful Phifitian muft borrow
from them, ifhewil be perfe& in hisart, and confcionable itr hisprofeffion. Bütif thata
man bee woundedor poyfonedby ferpentes,Lyzards, creeping creatures, orbythe bi-
tings of any foure-footed-beaftin his madneffe,or by fithes, ot ‘by eating them in meat,
"^ wherein the Phifitians skill isrequired,to thew the caufe and |cure of fuch a wounde,
where-
eae
of Conradus Gefnerus.
where (hall he find better dite&ion, then to be informed of the particular venom that ly
eth hid in euery beaft by nature, which thing we haucendeuored to, explaine inthisour —
Treatife. Moreouer thereare many neceflary obferuations about meate; drinke,fleepes
watching, quietneffe, and perturbation of affections in men, and other naturall motions
whereby health is to be preferued,the perfeAeftrules and examples thereof are to bee
drawen from bruit beafls, vato the vie of men.
And I haue proved by theinfpe&ion into this knowledge, that herein is layed the lar-
geft foundation of Medicine, either by drawing it from thofe things which do naturally .
-. flow and fall from the beafts,or that whichthey fuffer and endure,or elfe from thofe things |
which they haue obferuedtobe in them; for it more fafe and without impiety to make Wy
tryall ofa new Medicine vpon a beatt, rather then vponaman. Andlaftly, feeing diuers
Medicines arife out of euery part of euery beaft almoft, all which we haue recited in one
place Methodically to gether, and part after part, heereby the Phyfitian fhall reape this.
commodity, that when he hath any beaftin his hand, by looking into this worke he fhall
find what part he ought to referue for medicine, and alfo to what fickneffe itisto beap-.
plied.Andafter the fame maner may euery man chufe his meat, and know by this treatife
what is moft, and what is leaft nourifhable, and agreeable tothe nature of man. And if it
pleafed me to rehearfeal thar commeth into this catalogue about veility of beafts,I would
fhew you how many arts and occupations of men,do raife maintenance and fuftentation
from beafts, both to fell them for mony, and alfo to take them for meate: as the Fifher-
men which follow the waters, taking for food fuch fifhes as by the ordinance of Godyaré
ordained for that purpofe.
They which are Grafyers and keepe cattell ofall forts, liue vpon their changing, fat«
ting, feeding, and felling. Thofe which make Butter and Cheefe, whereof there are
many in the Mountaines of Helwetia, liue only vponthat labour, and thereforethe know-
ledge of Kye, Oxen, Affes, Elkes, Reyners, Camels, and diuers other beaftes, is moft ne-
ceflary for thefe men, from whom they draw Milke, and therefore good to maintaine
and preferue their health. Therebe fome Horfe-leaches, Cowe-leaches, Oxe-leaches,
and fuch like for this parpofe. There be that liue only vponthe Marchandizes of their
skins,as Tawyers,Glouers, Curriers,Shoonsakers,and Breaft plate-makers of Leathers, .
Sadlers, Leather-fellers, Purfe- makers, and fuch like. i,
~ Some againehanean Art to dreffe the skins with their haire and wooll vpon them,for - . -
garments. Some liue by keambing, (hearing; {pinning, clothing, and making fundry ne- T
ceffaries out of wooll, Goats haire,and Camels haire. Forthe vfeofthecattellaliue, I
mightbe endleffeto fhewall, firftthe husbandmen vfe Oxen and Affes, the víc of Hor- i
fes and Mules, both fortrauaile and plowing, and carriage . The Art ofriding commen- B
dable for all forts of men, both in peace and warre, not onely for great Princes and Mo-
narches,but for euery Cittizen: many thingsare vfed for buildings which canot be drawn |
or brought together, but by Oxen, Horfles, Mules, Affes, Camels, Elephants,Reyners, 4 |
:ilkes;and fuch like. VV ho knoweth not the vfe of Dogges,for they keepe Houfes, and EC
cattell, and they attend, guard, and defend men :they hunt wilde beafts, they drive them M
away, or kill, or retaine them tothe hand of man, that he may be. conqueror ofthem. In |
Imo WP CM n3
fine, theknowledge of beafts is profitable to many arts, {ciences,and occupations,which | | | H
may bebetter perceiued, by the particular practize and applicationof him that is fludi- A
ous thereof, then by any other meanes. | ji |
But in the worke it felfe, it (halbe manifefted what vfe and commodity arifeth out of | 1
cuery beaft, what remedies, or Medicines, what for garmentes; what for meate, what for !
carriage, what for prognoftication of euill weather, what for pleafure and paftimes 3 fo .
as we fhall not need to profecure thefe parts in this prefentEpiltle. 4 i
" Alfotherewantnot inftruétions out of beafls, by imitation of whofe examples, the liues at
and manners of men arc to be framed to another and a better practile, which thing ismas ;
pifeftedby learned and wife men, but efpecially by Theodorus Gaza, who difcourfeth ther- UM
of inhis Praface vpon thebookes of Arifforle, of the partes of creatures; whofe wordes "WINE |
wewillreciteintheEpilletoourReader: ||... 2 05- are: |
Butif | thould thew atlarge and copioufly, how many things may be collected out of | | |
NIS E q 2 the |
The jirft Epistle:
the knowledge ofbeafts for familiar and houfhold affaires, I might be infinite; but fceing
Ihauealready fhewed how neceffary they bee for hus bandry, for méat, for carria ge,and
{uch like, ir muft be vnderftood that all chofeicommodities belong to this part of Occo-
: nominall profit. | E
Thelike I may fay of the pleafure in their contemplation 5 for aldiough all their vtilities
cannot be knowne, andin many thinges they are not benificiall to men, yetifa man be
skilful and haue any vnderftanding,he thal be much delighted by looking into the natutes
of beafts, by confideration of the many and infinite differences among them, whether he
re{pe& their body, or their minds, or their actions: for what is more wonderfull then the
voice or extemporall fong of many Birdes, who although they ‘be far diftahtand remote
from vs, and will not abide our prefence for natural fear of death, yet is not the eleborate
deuife of muficall and artificiall numbers, meafures, and voyces of men comparable vnto
them. Pliny that Star and ornament of bis time, fpendeth a great deale of labour in the ad-
miration ofthe Nightingale. And what man withall his witte, can fufficiently declareand
proclaime the wonderful induftrious minds ofthe little Emmetsand Bees;moued amo
with no bodies, being filly things, and yet indued with noble and commendable qualities,
in deformed members ; fo that I might conclude, thatthereis not any beaft whichhath
not onely fomthing init whichis rare, glorious, and peculiar to himfelfe, but alfo fome-
thing that is deuine.
Wherefore I may feemeafoole, to handle thefe thingsina Preface which are Copi-
orfly difcourfed in the whole worke. Aviffotle maketh ita true property ofa Noble, libe-
rali, and well gouerned mind, to be more delighted with the rare, plefant, and admirable
qualities of a beaft, then with the lucreand gaine that commeth thereby. v Semar
For it is a token ofa filthy, beaftly jilliberall, and wretched mind, to loueno more then
We can reape commodity by. There be very many things which donot yeald any profit to
the pofleffors or owners, but only pleafethem,& allure their minds by outward form and
beauty, fo do the moft pretious ftones, as Adamants » Topazyes, Iacynthes; Smarad gs
Chryfolytes, and many fuch other thinges; by the wearing whereof, no man 1s deliue-
red either from fickneffe or perill (although fome fuperftitious perfons put confidence
inthem for fuch vertues) but haue creptinto the fauourand treafures of men, onely be-
caufelike earthly ftars they fhine and glitter in the eies of men,refembling the refplendant
glory andlight of heauenly bodies,and other vfethey haue none: and in the meane time,
he that fhould prefer free- ftones firted and {quared for buildings, or elfe Whet-ftones, or
Mil-ftones, and fuch like, which are moft neceffary for priuate víe and commodity, yet
doethey feemevilein comparifon of others; and that {hould prefer all ofthembefore
one of the other,he fhould be acounted no wifer then Ae/ops Cocke: andif he fhould but
equall them in price and eftimation in like fort, he fhould be iudged an egregious blocke
or foole; and yetthe beft of thefe are withoutlife, without {piric,immoueable,and vawor-
thy. Forthis caufethere is noneofthe creatures but. deferue, a far more admiration and
efteeme ; and among lining creatures, all thofe which containe noble {pititsin bafe and
‘vilebodies, without apt Organs and in ftrumentes for the better mouirig oftheir bodies :
Forasin clocks we admire theleffer more then the greater, fo ought weto admirethe lef
fer narrow bodies indued with fuch induftrious fpirits, more then the greater, broader,
andlargér beafts : for all workemen do fhew more art, skill, and cunning inthe fmmall and
Jittle price of worke, then the greater... rote cand
-. Solinus writeth, that Alexander the great had Homer Iiads writen in Parchment, fo
clofe together, that it might be contained in a Nut-(hell- The like admiration wasthere of
the exile aiid curious fmall works of Myrmrcidas the Milefan, and Callicrates the Latedémo-
nian, for they made Chariots fo {mall chat they might be conered withand vndera flye,
and inthebrim thereofthey wrote two exameter verfes in Golden letters. And of C4//-
‘crates, Solinus writeth, that hee made litte'Emmets out of Iuory fo artificially, that ie
could notbe difcerned from the liue ones : euen fo, nature hath flrone and firainied: to
excell more inthefe vilecreatures ofno reputation, their in greaterand nobler creatures.
_Thereis nothing that confifteth of matter and forme, but that one of them is worthyer,
and the other vile; and therefore the body andthe foule in man, haüe the refpe& of mat-
ter
,
of (Conradus Ge/nerus.
ter, and the foul is the form,becaufe ofthe power of mouing fences,and a&ions:where
forewhenwe feeall thefe powers, as itwere predominant in a little creature that hath al-
mo{tno body(as the outward proportion of Emmets and Bees)what thal we thinkezbut
how admirably is it able to worke without the matter in the forme alone,, fhewing itin a
kind of vifible nakednes, to be feene withoutthehelp of corporall Organs ; and thetefore
they are not fct before vs like (ports & paftimes to reioyceat; butas honorable emblems
of Divineand fupernaturall wifedome.For if we admire the little body ofa man;becaufe
Aebeareth the moft glorious ymage ofall thinges in his proportion, and the ymage of ©
Godin his foule and minde , then certainely next toa man, wee oughttoadmirethefe
beaíts, which dofo refemble man, as man-doeththe: eternal! andliuing God, creator of ©
themandhim. Pli#yvnskilfully calleth nature the:cómmon parent ofal creatures, which
indeedis the infinite maiefty of God ; yet he writethetfe&aally;that there was so litiin
creature made onely for this caufe; that it (hould: eat, or thatit(hould: fatiatearidíatiste —
other,but alfo it was ordained to be bred and brought foorth fot fauing Arts and there
foreitis in grafted euen in the bowelsand intrals of deafe and dumobethinos.: | .
Now for the creatures which are profitableto men; as fheep,Oxen, Horfeszind fuch ©
like; when welooke vpponthem, wee cannot onely admire the -wifedome and power of >»
Godin their cteation,but alfo we ought to giue hereby thanksto histmaiefty fortheir cre+ |.
ationand conferuation in their feuerallkinds and orders, forthe vfeand behoofe'of men,
And for thofe things which are altogither vnprofitáble to men; we ou ghttowoohder as -:
muchat their vileneffe, as they want of profitablenes : For thofeadmirable gifts and po-
wersarenot common to all little beafts,as we fee they are in Elephants, Lyons, Camels,
& fuchvother,for then we fhould wonder arthem theleffe ; but yetinfom of chelitleones »>
there are farre more excellent properties then ib ahy of the greateft. Confider with what
artand indruftry the Bee frameth her Combe, andthe Emmet ftoreth her neft, and tell
me if the wit and eloquence of man, beable fufficiently to expreffe and praifeit? Befide, >»
their perpetuall concord, dilligence.and agreement in the adminiftration, gathring,and
{pending ofall their ftore,infomuch as eythir they feemto be deriued from natureorels —
froma deep reachof wit, reafon, and vnderftanding:neitherare they theleffe admirable
ifwe grant thatthefe vertures are not naturaland proper,nor proceeding from reafon &
wil, for they are noleffe the ftrange or ftranger worke of God:For what aDiuine thing is
it, that thefebeafts atraine tothat vpona fudden, without inftru&ion and teaching; and =>
therefore by inftin@ anda kind of reuelation which men donot attaine in long exercife,
pra&ife & fludy?Thefe are affuredly enident teftimonies of divinity (for the Lord is mer-
uailous inal his works, either in nature,or reafon &wil,or contrary to both without al in- 5
tercceding mean,for al thefe haue dependance vpon his pleafure.For how can his Diuine
power, wifedome, and goodneffe, euer be abfent from the world, (1 meane from man the
prince of the world) when fuch excellent gifts are made vifible in little beafts, that euerie
day peri(h andare corrupted eafily;and ingendered againe by their owne putrifaction,fo
as they neuerfailein kind, euen thofethatare fo fmal & little in body that they can fcarfe
be feen by the cies of man? thefe things are to me vnanfwerable arguméts ofthe prefence
and power of God : forthatthey moue and bee ina&tionit proceedeth of his power, in
that they vfe their fences, and thereby follow andattainethofethings which are profita-
bletothem, and avoyd al burtful things contrary to their nature,becaufethey build them
houfes and places of habitation,make prouifion for their food and viduals it proceedeth
of his wifedome; but in that they nourifh their young ones,& loue one another inal out-
ward appearance, living in flocks togither, as if they had knowledge of fociety, andcon-
fent vnanimoufly totheir work and labour, it is likewifea token and vifible emblem of his
goodnes. The firft caufe therefore of thefe virtues, or whatfoeuer you wil calthem, 24e4,
or Original, muft needs be the abfolute example of God the Creator.
And wee muft not {uppofe, that his moft excellent Maiefty hath proponed thefe pat:
ternes vnto vs by chance orrafhly, without purpofe of this end; that it fhould betovsas
cleareas the light (Omnia diuinitatis effe plena) that all things:are fullof his Diuinity : fee-
ing thata sparrow lighteth not on the cround without bis will: Andthe poet faide : God is ire
the middeft of Beats, Men , Markets, and Sea.
«4| 3 And
Saas
* a EX "I
T 2T AD
» The firft Epistle
Andheere Tcaiirfot containe my felfe from relating the words of Ariffole, for Ttruft
thacho man will blame ine, if Lalledge and writeany thing truely and fitly, although it
bein ánother mans words : for itis notto be regarded who faith, but what is fayedor
Ípoken.. »- ! 33 |
ec : "[hustherefore he writeth : Among thofe creatures which are leffe acceptableto our
fences, nature which is the common: mother of all, bath ordained many delightes and
sleafuresin them, foranen which vnderftand their caufe or can reafon of their Natures
«€ liberally :fer this thing is abfurd and farre fromall reafon, that becaufe we cannotlooke
vpponthe ymagés andypperfaces-of creatures andnaturall thinges, painted and fra-
med, without wealfo: behold inthemthe wit and Art of the Painter, and that therefore
€c
cc
_ €€ wecantakeleffe pleafurein theworke; forthe Worke-mans fake.
_ Forifwecanattaineto the true caufes, we fhall noleffe kiffe and imbrace the con-
templation of the very: &&ni of naturall thinges, with woonderfull diligence and ala-
«c crity: and forthiscaufeit isa bafethingeto defpife thenature and conftitution of the
, {mallerand vilerbeafts,fit for Boyes andchildi(h minds sfor there is not any work of na-
rure, wherein there isiór fome wonderfull thing, therefore that is true which Heraclitus
cc {ayedtothem that fóllowed himrynto a hor-houfe, wherein hefat towarme his body, and
,, Whenheperceiued thátthey were ‘affraid to comein, he cryed out vnto them, that they
* thouldabftaine & forbearete enterboldly, becaufe Nehine quidem loco defunt dy immor-
cc talis: "NAhatenenin this place you fhall findctheimmortall Gods. |
^— Andthis rule mufibe followed inlooking into the nature of Beafts : for we ought to
* enter intotheir confideration without feareorblufhing, feeing the operation'ofnature
«c iseuery where very honeftandbeautifull, for therein is nething done inconfideratly and
withouta trucend, butall things aduifedly fora certain and determinat purpofe;and this
F€ purpofe dothalway containe both goodnesandhonefly.
cc .— Butifany manbefo Barbarous;asto thinke that the beafls and fuch other creatures,
carinoraffoord him any fübie&t woorthy of his contempaltion, thenlet him thinke fo of
** himfelfe -likewife ; for what ignoble bafeneffe is there in bloode, fleth, bones, vaines,
«c andfuch like? Doth not the body of man confift thereof ? Andthen howabhominable
art thoutothy felfe, thatdoeft aorrather looke into thefe which are foneere ofkinde vn-
* tothee? n pons iths
ce AndImayaddeasmuchofthem, that reafon of matter without forme,:orvfe forme
without matter, asofa houfe without the fides, or of a veffell without the beft part ;and
€
"E kk
As
_ © andfo is he thatlooketh vppon one part of naturé and not the whole: or on thofe things
cc Which cannot befeuered from the fubftaunce, Thus farre Ariftotle, whofe wordes I haue
expreffed at large, becaufe as we haue borrowed all his fubftance, and inferted it into our
difcourfe, fo I thought it not good to omit his preface,
* Seeing thefe thinges are thus, we cannot but thinke that euery ftory of a beaftis likea
feuerall Hymne, to praife the Diuine wifdome and goodnes,from which as from a pure
eüer-fpringing-fountaine, proceed and flowall good, beautifull, and wife a&ions: Firft,
thorough the heauenly fpirits and degrees of Angels and celeftial bodies: afterward tho-
rough the mindsofinen, beginning at the higheft, and fo proceeding to the Joweft, ( for
cuenin men the giftesand graces of God differ, ) and from men toother creatures that
haue life or fence; as to plants and inanimate bodyes,fo as theinferiors do alwaies fo com-
pofe themfelues tothe imitation of the füperiours, euen as their fhaddowes and refem-
blaunces. | :
Andiathefe doth Diuinity defcend, firft to fupernaturallthings, andthen tothings
naturall: and we muftturne faile and afcend firftby things naturall, before we can attaine
andreach thinges fupernaturall .. Inthe meane time Diuinity it felfe remaineth one
and the fame, withont changeand alteration,notwithftanding the manifold increafings
and decreafings of allthefe creatures, which it vfeth but asGlaffes and Organs 5 andac-
cording to the diuerfity both ofmatterand forme;itíhineth and appearethin oneand — -
other moreor leffe, euen as wefecin our owne bodies, whofe foule is diffeminated in-
toeuery part and: member, yet is there a more lively reprefentation thereof in one
patt and member; thenin another, and the faculties more vifibly and fenfibly appeare
in
of Conradus Gefnerus.
in the vpper then in the neather partes; But yetwith this difference, that the foule is fo.
ioyned to the body, as with akind of Sympathy it fuffereth harmeand ioy withthe fub-
ic& wherein itis circumfcribed but none of thefe things do happen tothe Diuinity :for
itis fo communicated to creatures;as it neicher is any part or matter, or forme of them 3
nor yetcanbeaffe&ed by any thing the creature fuffereth, nor yet included in the crea:
ture 5but yetis in all, and ouer all, and withoutall;and aboue all; compaffing, filling and
furpaffing heauen and earth : infinite and impoffible, and concluding the whole World,
vifibleandinuifible. be: e | :
— Andtruely thefethinges fur paffe all the wit of man, for we are notable with thought;
and muchleffe with wordes,to expreffe it, and yetwe ought nottobe deterred forany
caufe from the Confideration and contemplation. thereof, but rather after we haue wa-
dedinthe fame, with alkhumility toacknowledge his power, andto view allthe helps for
out infirmitimes : to adtnire his wiledome, and endeuour thereby to amend our igno-
rance and encreafe our knowledge: and inconclufion, to beate downe our pride and
malice, by prayfing and extolling his grace and goodneffe. For being thus affe&ed
and couuerfant, in beholding thefe neather and backer partes of God, confeffing with
thankes-giuing that all chefe thinges doe pro ceede from his Diuinity,we cannot, ftay
but afcend vppe higher, to the worker himfelfe, vfing all thinges in this life but as
Prickes and Spurres, for occafionand admonitions to thinke vppon and reuerence the
prime Author. TET
For we hauecontinuall neede in this World to be put in mind and incited tothe ftudy
and contemplation of heauenly thinges : and fo we fhall leaueall thefe things behind vs
after this mortallife ended, and by the help of our Lord and Sauiour Iefus Chrift, who
by hisonely death hath prepared for vs a way tothe kingdome ofineffable glory, where
we (hall partake with the forepattes,and moft cleare reuelation of the vnfpeakeable ma-
iefty of God : for thisis the end of our life, for which we were created, and alfo the {cope
and conclufion ofall naturall knowledge of the works of God.
And leaft thatany man fhould thinke thacthefe thinges are ours, or the heathen
Phylofphersfayings, and cannot be defended out of the facredand fupreme Teftimony
of holy Scriptures, I willalfo adde fome few fayings recorded in the booke of God. Firft
of alltherefore, when inthe beginning ofthe World God was about to create man who
was to vfeal things, and to behold them inthis World as itwerein a Theater, he created
all kind of Beaftes and creatures before man, that he mightbring him into. a houfe fur.
nifhed and adorned with all thinges neceffary and dele&able: Afterward he brought into
his prefence all the creatures to bee named by him, whichthe Scripture recordeth for
excellency fake, (for it is no doubt but he named all thinges that fhould.céntinue to
the Worldes end) yet expreffely there is no mention but ofliuing creatures,as Fithes,
Foules, Cattell,and creeping things; that fothey might be fubmittedand vaffalaged to
his Empite,authority, and gouernment : which thing leaft it fhould feemebuta proud.
conie&ure, it isagaine repeated inthe biefiing that God pronounceth to man and all his
pofterity;and againe after the loud vnto Noah and his Childeren. Every beaff Cfaith
God) fhall be afraid of you, both the Beafles of the earth, and the Foules of heanen,and whatfo-
euer isbred in the earth, or brought forth in the Sea S all are yours hat [oewer liuethand moueth
jt is permitted to yaufor meate."
^. Andbefore when the floud was at hand, God commaunded-Noah to fuffer all beaftes
that could not liue in the Water to enter the Arke, and of Foules and cleane Birds feuen
ofakind, of impure, couples sto the intent that as for man they wereat firftcreated, and
produced out of the earth, (o hee would that man fhould conceruetheir kindes, with-
out contempt of them that were vncleane beafts. '
Furthermore in the booke of Kings; we read of Salomon,that God gaue him fuch wife:
dome,that he excelledallthe wife and learned men of the world, and among other fruits
and tokens of that wifedome there is remembred his parables threethoufand, hisverfes
aboue fiie thoufande, his Hiftory of plantes from the high Cedar, tothe Hyfope ftalke,
and lattly his difcourfe of Beafts, Birds, Fithes, and creeping things What 1$ man (fayth
Dauid) that thon fhouldft fo remember him, or the fonne of man, that thou fhouldft vifite him.
; Thes
emery
2 DS aN m eT
- TOV
aad ue,
The firft Epistle
Thou haft fet him ouer the works of thy hands, and haft fer allthings under his feet :Oxenfheep,
Foules, Fsfbes, and what[oeuer mouethin the Waters. And the fame King and prophetin
another place. P/al. 148. Praifethe Lord, Dragons and all deepes,ye wilde beafts and creeping
creatures, Buthow can Beattes praife the Lord ? Or how could they vnderftand the Pro-
phets exhortation ? Surely, therefore we arecommaundedto praife God for them, con-
tefling hisgoodneffe and wifedome inallthefe beaftes which hee produced forthe orna-
ment of this prefent world. Dome |
And becaufe of thefe creatures the works of God, the Apofile S. Paule intheEpifile
tothe Romans, Chapt. 2. telleth the Ethinckes that they arevnexcufable before God,
for that they knew him by the creatures of his works ;and yet did nor glorifie him as God,
neither were gratefull: For the inwifible thinges of God ,a bis eternall power and wifedome
are eene bythe creation of the World. Andlaftly inthe Hiftory of ob.Ch.38, 39. you fhall
finda large difcourfe to Job from che Lords owne mouth, concerning many beafts: And
thefethinges may bee fpoken, concerning the excellency and dignity of the Hiftory of
beafts, whereunto I willadde fome examples of the moft famous men‘and Kings of the
world, to fhew what account they made of thislearning : and fo I will conclude this Prx-
face. |
Firft whataccountheereof was madeby Alexander the great,may be gathered by that
which Pliny writeth, for he faith, that he being enflamed with the defireto know thebeafts
and natures of creatures, appointed .472/forle (that infinitelearned man)to write his books
of creatures, commaunding many thoufands, both in Afiaand Grecia, which exercifed
Hunting, Hawking, Fithing, or that kepte Parkes, Heards of cattell, Fifh-ponds, orany
cages or other placesand groues for Birds,to be atthe commaund of the faid 4trifferle if
neede were, to fupply his defires in the knowledge ofbeaftes ;So that whatfoeuer was
knowne in the whole world, might notbe vnknowneto him : by whofe helps (Pliny affir-
meth, )that hee wrote firft the volumes which hee faith he hadabridged, to fhew to the
World in a hort view the fruites of thofe defires, of the moft Noble amongeall
Kings.
When Ariftorle had finifhed this ftory and offered the fame to King Alexander, hee
offeredhim for his paines fovre hundered tallents ; faying chatit was a Kings piftto re-
ward fuch aknowledge ; wherein, befide other parts of learning, Riding, H unting, Haw-
king, and Fifhing, which were Princely fportes were deciphered. Butif Alexander were
nowaliue, he would wonder, that among innumerable other princely bounties which he
conferred and beftowed vpon the World, there fhould bee nonethatfo encreafed his
honorand continueth his fame,as this one worke, althou ghit bee contemned amon
many vulgar, bafe minded men; for he ouercamealmoft all the kin gdomes of the world,
and builded great Citties, but his owne kingdom foon after becam diftra&ed, and rent
in foure peeces and fo deuolued;one part to the Romans,and other parts to other Kings,
the Citties ate either ouerthrowne, or the names chaunged, or inhabited by Barbarous
people, altogether ynlearned, that doe not fo muchas now remember or acknowledge
who wastherefirftfounder. — —
Alfo there haue perifhed the bookes of many writers that compiled his Hiftory, and
fet forthhis valiant a&es and renowned fortunes, fo that of many, there fcarce remay-
nethoneortwo, Butthe Hiftory of beaftesand other creatures, which was made at his
coftand charges, hath ranne through many ages and beene preferued for a thoufand and
nine hundered yeares, to the great glory and commendation both of the King, andthe
writer Ariffotle .
And he is not more honored for his liberality toward the Phylofopher for his worke
among poftetity , but alfothe fruite and veilitye thereof toall ages, hath beene greater
then any that arofe from the kingdomiesthat he got, or the battailes thathe wan ; for how
can pofterity account that benificiall to them,which the men of that age found by experi-
ence to be fo hurtfulland full of calamity?
Many thoufandes of men perifhed onely for the pleafureofone Arexanpers
ambitious defire of raygning, many Common-wealthes were chaunged, eee
an
of Conradus Gefnerus.
and countries wafted,and many publicke and priuat miferies followed as is vfuall where
warre ouerturnethkingdomes. Therefore I fay againe, he neuer did any ching in all his
life, whereby he wan fo great fame and renowne, then by being firft of allthe occafion to
Ariffotle, to vndertake the labour, and then afterwarda liberall rewarder thereof.
Petrus Gilliws writeth, that all the ftories of creatures were either compiled by Kings,
or elf dedicated to Kings ; for to omit others who were diligent in heards, and curious
enquirers into the natures of bealts 4Da, Hieron, Attalus, Philometor and Archelaus, wrot
many thinges of the forceand nature of creatures. Oppianus Anazarbenfis(amoftlearned
Poet / when he had finifhed his poems ofthe creatures, he dedicated them to Antoninus,
the Sonne ofthe Emperour Seuerus; tor which, hee was biddento aske whathe would :
and whereas he was buta banifhed man, he asked liberty to dwell againe at home in his
owne Country, wbich he not onely obtained, but alfo receiuedfor euery verfeapeece
of Goldworth a Noble, and there were inhis two poems, about fiue thoufandand eight
hundered verfes :for which caufe the learned Poet inioy offucha reward, wrote his
verfes in Gold, bycaufe he faide he would haue it worthily called a Golden Poem. Of
this kind he wrote two, one of hunting, and anothet of fi(hing.
C. Plinius Secundus wrotea ftory ofthe World, wherein he writeth but briefely of all
thinges in the World, and yet largely and copioufly of plants and beafts, and fo dedica-
tedit tothe Emperor Ve/pafian, for which hee was alway deare and familiar vnto him.
Auicen being an excellent Phyfitian anda counfeller of eftate to Vzirusa King of Per/ia,
for which dignity many called him a Prince, yet he difdained not to write of beaftes,and
to interpret 4 riftotle in many of thofe books. And this isno maruaile that fo many of.
theancientes did thus magnifie theknowledgeofall kindes ofcreatures, feeingas Farro
writeth,they were almoftall Sheapheards, Goate-heardes, Neat-heards, and therefore
they faid that their flocks had}Golden fleeces, for che commodity they found in them, as
Atreus at Argos,and Aeetes at Colchos . NN bois hebut he knoweththat the Roman peo-
ple had their originall from Sheapheards ? Who knoweth notthat Faufulus the Nurfe
of Romulus and Remus, was a Sheapheard? And this was an argument hereof, becaufe
thatthey builded their citty for Sheapheards,that they appointed amercementsby Oxen
and Sheepe, and that they ftamped their Mony with fuch pictures : and how many names
arethere among the Romans deriued from cattell and (heep; as Owinius , Caprillus, Equi-
tius, Taurus, and fur-namesalfo, as Anni , Capra, Statii) Tauri, and Pompony Vituli.
Wereade in holy fcripturethat Abraham was onely rich in cattell;andthat King Da-
uid did keepe his fathers flock, and hereunto alfo belongeth, that the moftwifeand great
men among the ancients were ftudents in Anatomy, and the diffe&ion of partsof mens
bodies, inftituting children therin from their firft learning of letters ; Now no man think
that they fetched this knowledge from the partes of mens bodies at the beginning, but
frombeaftes,as Dogs, Apes, Swine,and fuch other, wherewithal they were exercifed as
in rudiments and grounds, that they might be more prompt, ready, andtexperiencedin
the bodies of men. Andamong other Marcus the Roman Emperor was moft skilfull and
ftudious inthis fcience of Anatomy,and the Egyptian Kings didthe likewith their owne
handes. Boethus,and Paulas, Sergius, two Roman Confuls, and other principall men,
wereauditorsto Galen . Thusfarre Conradus Gefner .Inthe nextEpiftle he
^ difcourfethto the reader of his method and order obferued in |
his books,and alfo of other neceffary things belong-
ingtothis Hiftory, which Ihaue thought
goodalíoto infert into
this place,
PRTG
SSN
X524
m
Sagat. E - me
—— uà au Ne m as eim : n = —
CONRADVS GESNERVS
y Hauenow fufficiently in my Epifile Dedicatory expreffedby
| what occafion I came vntothis worke; how much I haue la-
how great ftudy, both Kings, and Princess alfo many great
and moftlearned men haue réuerenced the hiftory of Crea-
tures; the reft of which, I hauethonght good to impart vnto
the Reader in the beginning of my work, which I will feuerally
AA | 7 propofe:neither didit becommetobe more largein a dedica-
Raita GRO ion, beeing made vato the priucipalleft men of our Com-
monwealth. And becaufethe greatnefíe ofthe Booke beforeit beread ofany man, may
feemeto blame meto be too tedious; I will excufeit before I intreat of any thing. ;
' Therefore firft ofallitis no maruaile though it bea great. volume, in which Lbaue la-
bouredto infert with diligent ftudy, the writings of all men concerning all Foure-footed«
]uing-beafts : andalfo the fayings of old and later Philofophers; Phyficians, Gramart-
ans; Poets, Hyftorians sand laftly ofall kid of Authors :not onely ofthofe which haue
fet foorth their workes in Latine, or Greeke, butofeuery.onealío which haue fet downe
their works in Germany, France, Italy and England: And moft diligently of the fayings of
j
- thofewhich haue written fomething of purpofe concerning lining creatures but with che
leffer care of other; which haue oncly in the meanetime remembred fomefayings ofthe
fame,as Hyftorians, and Poets. idolaud 2255ms1om 9353101 5t 9f15V
Ihauc putdown alfo many proper obferuations,and haue gathred;togitber many things,
noweandthen by asking queftions, without reproach of anyman; learned or.vnlearned,
Citizens, or ftrangers, Hunters, Fishers, Fawkconers, Shepheards, andalkkind of men;
Alfol hauenot knowne any thing out of the writings of learned men, of many. Nations;
whichthey hauegiuento me, but Liràue expreffed the fame}, Ihe formes alío.of every
liuing creature in this work, haue in creafed the volume ;but chiefely the firft Book (which
is al of Foure-footed-beaftes living alike) hathout óf meafure increafed itj becaufe this
kindofliuing creature,may be more familiarly known,and more profitablero, man,chief+
lytothdfeofour Nation or Countrie : And alfo many haue wrircenlittle and reafonable
bookesof-each ofthem jas the horfe-leaches ofhorfes; in Greekeand Latine andthe later
writers:in other languages, andfoforth. ir:
Alfomiany haue declared diuers things concerning Doggess andthe bringers vp al{o
of cattle, an d heardsof Beafts, Goats, Sheepe,anaSowes ;hauepronounced. many coun
treyiobferuations; bothin Greeke. and-Latine.Someman may: happenito fay, that I ought
notto make a Hyftory out ofall Bookes, but onely from the beft; bac 1 will, not defpife
thewritings ofanyman; fecingthere is made no book fo bad; 'from:whence there cannot
be fone good fentence gathered out, if any mando applie hisawit thereto. Therefore al-
though ] haue not oger-skippedanie kind of writer; yer didat not. rafhly;for Ihaue pickt
outnotew iobferuations of good moment from barbarous and obfcure wiiters in divers
languages; fo that T would not be indgeda negligentp erían to giue. credito enery thing,
nor arrogant or vnmoddeft,to defpife the ftudies orlabors of any man...
© Thofe thiligs truely which Ithóughtwere fülfe or any way abfurd, | either altogether
as omit-
boured init,to fhew what fruits may be had out of it;and with -
oe. See ae
eS
ST 7
porn
ee
m EE eee
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—— —Ó M ÁÀÓÀ
ae eo Y
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Nate :
The fft Episile
omitted them; or fo platedàs I may conui& them :or if at any time I hauenot done it, it
was either thorough lacke of knowledge, or for fome other caufe, which fault I thinke is
very feldome committed, (exceptit be inthofetbinges which doe belong to Phyficke,
where we haue related very often many things both falíe and fuperftitious, as happily an
Amuletot preferuatiue againftenchauntment is, and many other things which are of the
E
famekind;thatthe good fayinges of learned men may be eafily knowne) ofthename of
the Authour, and as much of every thing as fhall be thought worthy tobe beleeued, let
the Reader iudge, for Lo not promife my owne Authority euery where, but am fatisfi-
ed to recitethe words and fentences of other writers. (Wherefore T haue beene very di-
ligent, leaftar any time I fhould omic the name of an Authour;althoughit were infmall
_matters,andalfo thofe which were commonly knowne,becaufe there fhould remaine no
doubt or {cruple ofany thing : The words alfo and fayings of euery Author, fhalbe com-
pact together, ifany man fhould be defirous to imitate or follow them.
Therefore [ hane been more copious, that I might not onely profitin the knowledge
of words, but alfohavefufiiciently miniftred a worke, or writing of words and fpeeches,
for thofe which are defirous either to difpute, or write an Oration either in Greeke or
Latine. | |
-Bütit could notbe done more commodioufly, that all things might bee written pure-
ly in Latine, feeing that I hauerecited almoft in the fame words certaine things taken out
ofthofe which were tude or barbarous; chiefely becaufe ifany thing fhould beobfeure
or doubtfull: but the reftwhich were written of them;I hauealtered to a moderate vfe of
the Latinetótgue snot becaufe I could not doe it better, but rather becaufe fuchi an elo-
cution doth feemeto adorne fuch Authors. But thofe fentences which 1 hauc writor
coppied out of good anid Latirie Authors, Ihauenotalteredany thing of them.
And traely of my owne ftile, or manner of writing, I can fay no other then this;:that I
haue had à great carejalthough I couldnotprononnceiteligantlyand wilely, norafter
the imitation of che auncient writers, notwithftanding I haue pronounced it competent.
ly; and plainely in Latiae? Neyther wasit ydleneffeto frame fucha ftile or manner of
writing, fecing that I was oft ofal bufied in thofethings, as wel mutableas innumerable
andiüamiátiner Ihauewritten thofe things which ifthey had beene gathered together:
Ihadpütto-preffé maayyearesbeforeo?^ 0. Iuris
"The cafe why] did negle& it was the feareleaftany thing (houlde beleft out,»and not.
verie muchtofeeke more matter, but fox the moft part the infcriptionwasthe caufesand
theórder andedréthacTnad;leaft any ching, (hould be repeated in vain: Moreoueralfo
becáufethattbe Argunieat'did noc require a graue or excellent maner of ftile or:fpeech,
but a manifeftandmeahe ftjle;arid moft commonly a Gramarian,thatis to fay, fit for iri-
cecprétdtiodisn 10 "aom DOME 2o gana I | coma 1
‘For I would tiótónely tecitethewords of the Authors, but oftentimes alfo where it was
heedefall; Edid adde thereto the expofition or declaration ; fo thatthis. volume may not
onely beatiiftóry of living creatüres,butalío an expofition of the placeofal thofé which
have written fomething 6fliding creatures, For thofewhich do vndertake to make any
- Hoke, Ani M chiefly beware of tworthings, that che words and meaning of the Authour
be declirecamd put together like places ofthe reft, the latter whereof [haue,accomplis
fhed inthis worke by great labour, becaufethe fayings both of other Authonrs,as.welas
Of ore; ‘Céaéetning' chefanematter in diuers places are compiled together, andicwould
be a matter oPene val@@to declare ia riore words the words of the Authours, when they
amotig themfelues hae fe diligentlie gathered together the places, that cheymuft bring
them to mutual light; $150 997 iov yisnos softy g oem o130
“ Notwithfanding iffobetharit feemetha worke to declare the wordes and fentericesof
the AütBouss ;Thauedoneitfor my ownehelpe; and for others; and alfo in caufes com:
preheaded ioter fetitencesas they focal them, yetitdoeth happen that Iam freed by
their nature frófmeoo darka flle; from cuery affectation or curious defire, of thatthinge
which nat&é& hàtthfiot gren ; leaue that. care to thofe with whome wordes rathex theri
matter arc entertaitiedi ^ 10 «100512025 [i*b o7, fs 9 073810
—^ ButthátTinay repeat mote copionflic in fewwords their fayings , thatthis book may
not
Irt
"E!
to the ‘Reader.
Butthat I may repeate more copioufly in few. wordestheir fayings that this booke may
not betolarge, therefore firít ofall lwillentreateofthat which is perfe&ed by a num-
ber of Authors,and afterwards ofthat which Zhaue fundry times added thereto, becaufe
ofmy owne declaration. PE
Thisbooke mightbe much fhorter, ifLhad not touched the loue of learning, in
which 7 confeffe Lhauebeen too tedious and although this my diligence may be vn pro-
fitable tofome, yet 7 hope it will bee pleafantand acceptable to the Grammarians and
others, burtruely it hath coft me gréatlabour and.many nightes watching. I call that
the loue of learning whatlocuer it 1s;that doth belong to a Grammarian, and diuerficies
of languages, prouerbs, or common fayings; femblables, tales, or fables, wherein bruite
Beaftsare fained co fpeake, the fayings of Poetsyand laftly that which doth belong rather
to words, then to the matters themíelues.
This and füch like Ihave done forthe moftpart, hauing madeafeuerall Chapter of
yet notwithftanding fometimesthey haue. gotinby itealth in the former Chapters, part- í
change my purpofes; and partly becaufe tbat che light of the Authors fhould feeme
to bring profitto the places fitly recited or opéply reade , that elfe where, as well asin
thefecond chapter, | haue oftentimes alfo alledged fomewhat more of Gramaarians, Phi-
fitians; and other matters. iprtoil j
‘Inthethird Chapter wherein I did entreat of the meates and difeafes ofliuing creatures,
L oftentimes turned more copionfly to entreate ofthe plantes by the which they were
wholefomely nouri(hed; or happily by the ftrength ofthe taftof them were hurt, or elfe
killed arid afrerthefame manneralfo: in the firlt Chapter ifthere wereany fuch rootes
that the lining creatures fhould perifh by them throwne bythe Hunters with fome.
meate. But haue profefledand:conteffed in that loue of learning, that L>was wont to
name thofe plantes, and fometimes to write of many thinges which hauchádtheir name
. afteracertaine mannerfrom fomeliuing creature.
Thefeuenth Chapter entreatethof the remedies of lining creatures and of curing the
hurts which they were wonttoreceiue.by biting, or by aftroke,or by cating of meate.I
do very often efteeme much of many thinges written in the defire of dignifieng medici-
nall matters. Itisfeene where theplaces of Authors being depraued and renewed , haue
allowed occafionof digreffing. Tobe (hort, wherefocuer any rare thing, or that which
is declared to others did offer it felfe, which being vnfolded (hould fecme to dienifie and
honor commonlearning, I haue-beene alured contrary to my inflitution, forthe decla-
ring thereof: For whenaas beinga child I.was educatedin the Greeke and Latine ftudies
of Gramer and conference, & as yetbeing a young man had begun to profit therein : vn-
tillgrowne vnto full age, Icameto riper profeffion of Phylofophy, efpecially natural
and Medicinall, (although out ofthe fame I haue not a little increafed my loue vntolear:
ning,and made it more firme and folide, and very greedily haue exercifed my felfe ia
reading of diuers matters ) I could do fomewhat more in theexplicatjons of mattersand
fayings,then I perfwaded my felfe, the tude multitude would regard, efpecially in the
age of inferiour ftudents,and in the ftudies ofthofe whichare bufied in other matters.
Wherefore Lhaue written more freely and often more copioufly of many thinges. I
haue reprehended the ancient & the later(not with any intentto obfcure others;and ad-
uantage my owne,) but fincerly and fimply;as$muchas in me lyeth that] mightaduance
common ftudies But ifno man doe difalow their. bookes (whom inno order butas any
thing which commethinto their mindes 5, ) expound the wórdes and fayinges of diuers
Aurhors ia both tongues, as anieng auncient Weicers, Maerobius, Gillius, Caffidorus,
and whofoeuer haue written diners things, (many whereof] haue declared in the fecord
part of my Bybliatheca:: ) and amongft the latter many others,asmoftefpecially Guzlzelpzt$
Budaus, Celius Rhodiginus c Chaleagninus, Polittanus,Era{mus Ratorodamus soe. butas it
werebett ofall by deferces;whatfoeucr any good man or meanely learned doth thinke
ofthem.
«4 I
The Reader
nuit i
thofethinges which belong to euery lining creature, euento tbe eight orlalt Treatife, t5ata: mel
ollovving are
poken o£ his
ly becaufe I was inuited by a {mall -occafion, and with a certaine defire of the fame; to latin difcorle
i
—
|
'
f
|
Enea cm
Anno Re ee m P eu
(Conradus Gefnerus
I doenotfee by what right this our labour may, be difpraifed, wherein many thinges
trucly fpoken of by others, butdifordredly, many thinges byme being fir(t'deliuered, I
hauefo orderd and difpofedthatuna manner every thing may be fetin his owne proper
place.As foral the chapters which we haue fet down are not only ofthem,but euery chap
ter hath his feuerall partand certaine order both the former and the latter, one Method
and that continuallofthe middle partbeing throughout the whole worke. And becaufe
fometime it did happen that fomething might feemeto be referred out of thofe, which I
bad dire@ed into diuers other places; leaft I fhould betoo tedious in repeating thefame,
and therefore for the moft part I remitted it from one place,to one Author 3 vnleffe al the
flory might be repeated in few words... 4
Thcfe and certaine other things (as the words ofdiuers Authors; and variety of flle)
an vnequal, interrupted and a cumberfome worke, (as I may fo call it) and (asfome per-
chance will obiect) they haue ftored italike with diffolute marks or purpofes : which fault
though | (hould vnderftand, Ihaue notwithftanding refufed to commit, whiles that it
íhouldfo profit : but this thall bee, (howfoeuer blemifhedit is) much leffe, ifany may
gheffe with himfelfethat I haue compofedalthefe things not bythat order that they (hold
beknowne by continuall ferioufneffeof reading of ftudious men: but foto haue cempe-
red them that whatfoeuer any man thal gefire concerning any beaft, that being prefently
found he may readit by it felfe,and wel vnderftand it. Therefore i£ any manwill vfe this
worke only atíeafonable times, who hath vfed di&tionaries and fuch like common books,
he thal be able to do thefe things profitably, but if he hall not remember the order in the
prefcribed manner, let him take counfell of the table Alphabeticall, which wee will pub-
lifh in che end of this our worke, but if nothing preuaile,in the meane time as weare all
fubicét to Cenfure through the Readers infirmity, the (ame in a manner, Pliny in the
Hiftory of nature hath ordained : for in his Prafaceto Vepafianhe writeths becaufewee
muft faith he) {pare your labours for the common good, what may be contained in all
my Bookes, ID haue ioynedto this Epiftle; and haue done my greateft endeuor with the di-
ligenteft care, chatthou fhouldeft haue thefe Bookes notto bee read ouer againe, and
thou by this halt be cheoecafionthat other may not reade them ouer againe: but as
cuery one {hall defire any thing, that he may onely feeke that, and know in what place he
may find it, Valerius Soranus did this before mein his books which he inferibed Epopeidow
Thefe things Pliny. |
. They which defireto profit in this Artof Grammer, and to get the vfe offome tong
vntothemfclues, who witha compounded Method (as they call ic) deliuer their artfrom
letters and fillables, to the fayings, and eight parts of fpeech, and laft ofall {peechit felfe,
and hauing come vnto the sintaxis, doth defire theknowled ge of art, inthe meane time
notwithftanding he doth not negleé the profit of Lexicons (wherein. all fayings and fpee-
ches are numbred, far otherwife then in the precepts of art, where neither all things feue:
rally, norin any good orderare rehearfed) not that fromthe beginning hee may reade
through the end, which would bea worke more labourfomethen profitable, but that he
may aske counfell of themin due feafon.
Tn like manner he thatis defirous to know the Hiftory of beafts, and will readit through
with continuall ferioufneffe, let himrequire thefame of Ariftotle, and of other likewife
that haue written, and let him vfe our volumeas a Lexicon, or as my owne Onomafticon.
For it is not vaknowne vnto me that Ariforle doth teach in his booke, entituled tbe partes
of beafts,that it maketh much (to the defcription of Phylofophy) and that itis more lear-
ned fo to write concerning beaftes, that afwell the parts, as the effects mightalfobe hand-
led common tomore, their Hiftory being vnfolded by certaine common places : Firft
by profecuting thofe things which are moft common, and fomewhat vnto things that are
leffe common, lafily by loking backe and defcending into thofe things, which onely fhall
be proper vnto certaine kindsand vulgar fhapes : for if in all beafts any man would feuer-
rally confiderthe parts and effeéts, there will many things fall out by the way to be confi-
dered and inquired after, which (he faith) will be very abfurd, and alfo proue too tedious.
This difcommodity, although I thould well vnderftand,yet I would notwitftanding feue-
rally profecutethe Hiftory of beafts, which thing isto be handled in our time wherin the
| names of
to the Reader.
of very manyare not vnderftood, I fhould iudgew ould be more profitable,and I fhould
thinke itleffe abfurd, that fomethings fhould more often be fought after, being ardai-
ned for the order of the fame;thatthis work might rather ferne for inueftigation then con
tinuall reading : I haue notnotwithftanding cues in al Beats placed euery thing which is
incidentto euery kind, bothfor as muchas certainethinges areknownetofome men,
as moft common partes of Foure-footed-Beaftes , as alío if any man fhall doubt in
fome thinges, hemay refer himfelfe into the places of Arifforle, wherein thofe thingsare
handled generally : and perhaps we alfo at fometime or other wilaccording to the kinds -
- and fhapes of Foure-footed-Beaftes difcourfe offomewhat more particular.
And becaufe I had determined, itwas more commodious fora Hiftory tobe made b
vs concerning all Beafts, euen in that name or title which not Phifically, or onely Philo.
fophically but Medicinally, & alfo grammatically concerning one thing:Neither doth it
want the exampls of learnedmen,for fcarce the one or the other as Theophrafius &cRuellius
haue deliuered any thing concerning plants, according tothat Method, which in com-
mon parts and effe&tes hath manifefted all plants ofthe earth, but very many haue defcri-
bedfeuerall plants feuerally, and in times paft out of our age (efpecially Phyfitians) Ru-
oe forthe moftpart laboured in both, (as Galen alfo) but onelyin defcribing ofapt-
neffe.
Indeedel confeffe, that I could befar more briefe in many more things (although my
purpofe remaine) aboueall other thinges, euen that exquifite defire of my diligence had
delighted me, when that fame faying of 7i«y came into my mind, in acertaine volume,
beginning afterthis manner : Now fufficient glory was gotten for him, and heecould
ceafe hinifelfe, voleffe his mind fhould be daily fed with worke;although (as Pliny faith ) :
the greater fhould the reward be for the loue of worke ( which better became him not to Ries
haue compofed it to his owne, ) but to the glory ofthe Romaine name, and nor tohaue
perfeuered onely to pleafe his owne minde, but to hauc fet forth the fame to the profit
of the people of Rome. | | |
I would haue you iudge, that] haue not kept back or ftayed my courfe in thefe my la-
bours, not onely for fauoring my feife,or getting glory to my felte, (although Ziwius did
{) but rather to makethe truth more plaine pertaining to Hiftories, or tothe people of
Rome: Notwithftanding Ithink that he {pake more modeftly,leaft if he fhould have fpo-
ken after that manner which Pliny doth require,he fhould beiudgedto haue been more
arrogant) as one which fhould foretell any thing to the worthyeft people of the whole T9 |
World, or any thing of the honor ofthe Conqueror of thofe Nations, he would fay that i
they muft come from him . Likewife although this worke (what foener itis) do not de- ANI
firetó be done wholy for my felfe, but for the gouernors and rulers, ofthe common- |
wealth, and tothe goüernors ofthe vniuerfity or Academy, which haue favoured mee nu
cuenfrom a Child of their owne liberality, and do ftill continue their fauor vnto me, and |
do exhort me to finifh thofe things which I haüe begun already: and if there fhouldarife ij
any fareorrenowne from thence, it fhould chiefely light vpon them : Yet leaftI fhould !
be deceiued, I willingly hold my peace,and thereft I leaue to: iudgement , whyther any u
_ thing may happen fromthis worke fo praife-worthy and of excellent fame,and ‘yet not _ : ‘i
vnworthye of praife,for to the Senate, and to.the vniuerfity I owe much time,with ma-
ny names of worth tothofe moft excellent men of learning, and other different ver-
tues.
But leaft happily Tbe heldtoo tedious, while I excufe the largeneffe of the worke,al- 1
though (by the way Ihaue handled fome other thinges all vnder one) that I might fhew nl
certaine commodities arifing fromthem, and alfo might excufe our ftile . Iwillpro- hd
ceedeand go forward to thereft, .
Andalthough from our forefayings it may befufficiently manifefted of our exceeding T
great labour, and alfothe greatneffe of the volume; as well as the variety and difficulty of n
things, therein expreffed, may boldly fpeake for me, yet I will adde thereunto very many n.
things ifthereby the cenfuresof learned men doe happen more reafonable, benigne & "MI
fauorable,and doe aduertife andadmoni(h me that I haue offendedatany ume, I will fub.
qa 2 {cribe B
tiny as
ert
June Th ee eT er ee
ip bree
Conradus Gefnerus
fcribe and followtheir opinions, but forthe Cenfures of vnlearned Littleregard. ForI
haue endeuored my felfe with great and painefull labour, although they are not corre-
fpondent inallthinges, that they may merrit pardon : and (as he faith) ina great worke
it is thought lawfullto breake much (leepe. |
Pliny doth writethat he hath fini(hed his naturall or lawfull Hiftory froma hundered
of choice or curious Authors, and hath added too very many matters, which either they
hauenotknowne, or afterwardes had beene deuifed or inuented in their life time: nei-
ther do wee doubt (faith he) but that chere are many thinges which alfo we haue ouer-
skipped.
i delice alfothat the fame may be vnderftood of this our volume, although itis not
onely made ready and fittome by a hundered Authors, butalfo by many othersas you
may eafily count or reckon by the Catalogue ofthem, which Lhaue alfo fet downe.
But firft of all what labour and paines it wasto readall thinges diligently and with iudge-
ment, afterward to take aud chufe thinges,to reduce andreftore them to their owneor- -
ders agaire : and againe conferand compare them while you are writing the worke, as
ifmany fhould haue faid one thing, being plainely expreffed of Authors,and changed
by other names: others ftealing priuily by names fuppreffed. |
But how hard & tediousa labour it is, foto confer the whole writings of Authors, to re-
duce all ofthem as it were into one. body, that nothing may bec omitted, nor any thing
vnaduifedly repeated,no man doeth vnderftand, except be be learned: truely this doth
fo happen onely 10 comparing or conferring two or three bookes, but moft of allin con-
ferring of very many Bookes as wehaue done :andthatfo diligently,as heareafter there
fhallbee little neede of looking into other Authors concerning thofe matters. But hee
which will haue this volume ought to perfwade himfelfe that he hathallthinges concer-
ning thofe matters written at large, that is to fay, one bookefora Library, one more
excellentthen many others .. When Peeter Gilius before vs had done thus , but infew
Authors ; the Grzecians (faith he) which haue written concerning Beaftes, wee haue not
only made Latins which was very eafie, but alfo imitating Dzzzy/tus CafGas who tranflated
Méago,we allowed both order and iudgment.
*. BütI (hould moreiuftly fpeakethefe things concerning our felues who haue foilow-
edan order far more commodious, and haue conferred many. more Writinges of Au-
thors, both others (as I haue already faid Jas alfo for al the moft parttranflated out of the
Grecians, and from others, and from Gildas himfelfe. Vers
Therfore I haue more often fet down the Grzcians fayings where either the interpreters
éidíceme.to erre,or the words or locutions did containe fome rare or excellent things
or peculiartothe matter. I hauealfotranflacedmany my felfe, either that were not as
yet tranflaced, orthat I would tranflate a Grecian faying difcretly, and then difpute the
matter with theinterpreter. But of the Germans French, and Italians Ihauetranflated
«ertaine into Latine : I haue fuftained much watchfull labour in reading, gathting confer-
xing,and writing ouerthofe workesand ftories many. yeares : which trucly whatandhow
many they haue beene, cannot eafily bebeleeued, vnleffe of expert men: although | can-
not cafily feeany man fhould affay the like matter ,to bring into one. vniforme body all
the fayings ofall writers,as many as could bee had of one argument: for I haue knówne.
certaine men who out of many things haue written fome, out ofall, none. Wherefore
I can fay that of my labours which 4ri/fides {pake concerningthe elegance ofthe Citty
of Smyrna, which was that no man except he which (hall fee it will be drawen to beleeue
it: That whichappertaincth to the file, although in the precedent fayings I haue fpoken,
certaine thingesincidenily digreffing from the matter, heere I will very privately and wa-
rily addc fomethings. uod
Therefore I haue vfed a meane phrafe or fpeech e,in no mans wifedome too fine or
curious, moft chiefely for thecaufesaboue declared : For inthofe writinges wherein
theknowledge of things is fought(as Maffaríus faith in the like argument)is not the com-
lineffe ofa famous or eloquent Oration, but to expreffe a found and perfe& truth.
| But
4
m
"P
to the ‘Reader.
But fuch workes are neither capable of wit, as Imay fay with Pliny, which was otherwife
very meane or moderate to víe it : neithér do they allow of exce/fe, either in Orations,
or fpeeches, or wonderfull chances or aduentures, or diuers euents; or other pleafant
things, ot inany delegtable or friendly things . Let the nature of things be declared in a
barren or fruitelefle argüment, that is tofay thelife of them, and. this was bafe alfo on
his part, by putting to many thinges with rufticall and ftrange denominations, yea alfo
Barbarous, even with the P rxface of eftimation and reputation : And fo far forth Plinius,
But ifthatmoft leatned!man, and the moft eloquentby the iudgement of all men;and
which hath: drawne or fucked out the cleaneneffe or pureneffe of the Latine tongue
. with Milke, andthe vfeiof other commodities, and whereupon:the defire of wit might
much encourage bim, being helped orpricked forward by Mecenas bis gouernor Vefpa-
franns ,( of the penuriotiíneffe,and bafeneffe of thephrafe, aloft in the like argument)
doth defire, to frame or make an excufe fo much the more warily fhould I do this for
many cauíes, which] willnot exprefie becaufe Imaynotbetolong. Wherefore fome
thinges are repeated heareand therein, diuers places ofthis worke, I gaue a reafon cuen
before, truely becaufe the ordet appointed of vs did fo require, and the diuifion of chap-
ters and parts in euery one of them , that it may. notbe written with negligence; but ra-
ther with exa, and curious diligence.
But ceriaine thingsare repeared fometimes in the fame place, which may feeme to be
befidethe purpofe being known or perceiued;but if euery manwould confider it diftin&-
ly, he wouldeafily vnderftand how little it weare either in matter or wordes: for fome-
times the peculiar or vulgar fpeech, or the eloquency of wordes did caufethat 7 (hould
do fo, thatit might haue that which might be imitated in {peaking, ifany man wouldla-
bour or eadeuour, either to fpeake or write any thing ofthe fame: matter. Parenthefes
alfo do belong tethe ftileas the Grammarians calithem, whichare very many euery wher
in the whole worke,and that for many caufes: either becaufe the reading or gathering is
variable or vnlike, orthe manner of writing did.difagree, or becaufe our correction or o-
thers wasadded thereto, or that Jmight tranflate it, or that Zmight fill or fini( icifany
thing fhould be wanting, or that 7 might adde tbercunto that which might delightthe
eloquency thereof, or do fomthing peculiar to the rnatter prefent, if che Latine fhould
fcemenotfüfficiendy xran(lated of them: Andlaftly fimply toamore intelligible vnder-
ftanding of thofe thinges with which they are mingled . As much as belongs to the
right forme of writing , I haue not alwaies written the fame tearmes, or namesafter the
- fame maner,butaccording to the Authors I haue very oftentimes changed,whofe words
. Idid rehearfe or recite. This is of the ftile and elocution.
That which doe belong tothefe thinges, and to the truthand eertainety ofthem, I
do not promife my credit in very many of them, but yetam well pleafed to put downe
the names of the Authors, with whom letthofethinges remaine. Andtruely the grea-
teft partofthem do merrit faith or credite; whichare fortified , or defended by the con-
fent ofmany learned men,euen nowin many ages, as alfo that inthis fauour or bencfit,
very many ofthe Authors named of vs, and happily fome ofthemare repeated not with
any great fruite or profit, and yet arenet tobee mifliked. Therefore it ís more wor-
thy to bee beleeued, if one matter may bee {poken in the fame wordes of many. wit-
neffes. |
Iconfeffethat therearefome vaine glorious things, but they are not many, (as Gikius
faith in his tranflation of Aelianus) which we haue added or put to this worke, butthey
are recompenced, and amended with agreat number of other graue and learned tranfla-
tions : andasif Fathers and Grand-Fathers fhould delight of a Mold inthe ioyntes or
knuckle of their Children, that is tofay ;Fooles which do not weigh or valew other mens
workes. ;
As for (landeters Ldonotcare : for thofemen are thebeft as care declareth, which
are skilfull or experiencedintrue praife.. Which thing ifIhaue not doneto the full, and
ample (alfol vfedthe famewordes which Ma/farius writ in histranílation of Fithes) let
not my ftudy be blamed which truely is moft vehement, andardentin the fame, becaufe
atthistimel could de no more.
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Conradus Gefnerus
Let the indifferent Readers iudge, how confufed a matter T tooke yponme tohandle,
neither did Ieuerthinkethat I thouid haue brought it to fo good apaffe 2°But how
much beforetime we haue donein helpingor fuecoring good Arts, let others'alfo do as
ia uch, whichafterwardes haue clattered outofmeafure . For neitherwill wee beare
aneuill difcontented miad, if they bring their helpes or labours of other skilfull men, to
this exceeding great and hard labour which we haue vadertaken; and fhall go beyondor
excell vs. zie do: Sis
They report that Pedaretusthatfingular or excellent man, who when hewas not cho:
fen inthe number of three hundered men, which order did (héw or reprefent dignity
or c{timationamong the: Lacedemonians, went away merry and laughing, and Bain aif:
led backe againe of Ephorws the Hiftorian, being démaunded why he laughed, arifwered:
becaufe truely I reiay cedthat our citty had 5. hundered Citizens better learned then my
felfe. Furthermorealthough Thaue manifefted hitherto almoftal the writings of al thin gs
concerning Foure-footed-Beaftes which haue come to my hands,’and haue comprehen:
ded or compaflediliem in our workes or Stories : Notwichftanding for all that} T defited
to hauefome fuperfluous or voprofitable Bookes hearéafter of other things;but I aenec
thought I (hould hauebroughtitpaffe 5 for it is equity and reafon that allies froid
ftandin their proper place and dignity, that all may profit which will, which thing I doe
altogether defire: =!» = . ens
Forfomethingsforantiquity fake do deferue , to be warily obferued, other fomealfo
for their Phylofophicall Method , and Method partaining to Logicke, or fome matter
differing from ours’; otherfome for eloqution, and otherfome for all thefe caufes,
wherfore we haue principally obferued the Graecians fauoring their language & fpeech.
There are fome which haue publithed (faith aides) intheir writings all thenature which
is comprehended or contained in Foure footed-Beaftes, as Ariftotle, Pligy, and other
auncient Writers : Moreouer the controuerfie or labour of whom, I dare notfay was
manifeftly finfhed or performed although many excellent thinges were begun of them
concerning foure footed-Beatts . For truely me thinkes that fuch fcrupelous Atithors
- hauc perfectly. diftinguifhied fo many. thinges of the fignification and nature of Foure-
footed-Beaftes, that there is left no mre roome in any place, for idle or negligent men
to makeanew difcription or intention .- It is manifeft alfo that Ariffarchus and’solinns
did no otherthing intwo and forty yeare,then marke and confider the maner and fafhio
ofthem, and fo committed them to writing. |
It isa hard thing (as I may fpeake with Pliny) toofferor commitnoüelty to oldeor '
auncient things, and to giue authority tothings not fcene afore, and to giue creditto
things decayed or growne out of víe, and to bring to light obfcure or difficaltthinges,
and to giue reputation to thinges full of difdaine, and creditto thinges doubtfulI: buc
to giue credit to the nature of allthinges, and all thinges belongingto their nature.
Therefore I hauenot defiredto haue followed altogether that whichis excellent
andfumptuous. Truely the peculiar caufe of themis in mens défires, who becaufe they
would pleafe every one, hauc efteemed or fet more by painefulneffe paffed ouerand al-
lowed, then to help forward vtility or commodity newly found out. For whatis more
commendable fromall the labour of learning, then tovndertake or enterprize {fo boun-
tifull and commendable a charge, or bufinefle, then of renewing old andancient things
which were forgotten, or rather to reftore things from Death, or ruine which werefould
thereto,andtoreflorethe names of things,andthings by their names ? Great fauour® ’
oughtto bee giuen tothofealfo which doeregardthe common waies, anddoe fpread,
fiengthen, defend, clenfe, expounde, declare, pollifh, or finith, make perfe@,and
laftly doforuleand trainethem,that they may be tra&able to all trauelers thereby ; and
to alllabering beafts whatfoeuerthey are, whofe helpes wevfeia Carts, or Waggons,
and may performeandaccompli(h them without danger, or any impediment or hinde-
rance,althongh they cannot fuftaine or beareallhinderances, yetalmoft che greater part
ofthem. Neither doethey deferue little praife or commendations in learning, which
haue fo polifhed ortritmmed vp fome worke vndertaken for publike profit, that to the
rcftor remnant inthe fameargument, there (hall be no complaint or ittle at all hereafter,
ot
"S DE Wm ip
i a
to the "Reader.
ofthe difficulty thereof, which therefore if it bein my iuftru&ion; I (hallbe very glad;
feeingthat Idid defireto followit : ifnot, fomthing that Ihaue performed on the great
partis, thatthe learned men füirred vp in this bufinefie by vs, may not quit or abfolue that
which is left behind.
Therefore moft excellent and indifferent Reader , fauor ye this labourfome, honeft,
pleafant, profitable, and variable worke : and gitie the greateftthànkes to God, and I be-
feech you that if you proceede any further in this mortalllife becanfe it doth not profit
tobee idle,that yourather beftowefome time in the fearching out ofnature, and that
youmake a gratfull Selemnization and fetting forth of Gods workes betore any
other things, whicheitherlabour or immoderate defire ma y fet out toour exercifesand
endeuours, we may bee exercifedalfo in holineffe and Godlineffe, and may communi-
cate and confvlt thinges requifite , with great labourand diligencetothe Ages to come.
Therefore in the meanetime I befeech all good and painefull men,that ifthere be any of
them whichhaue fomething to the finifhing vp of this werke,to bring it salthough it be of
neuer fo little moment, as are the fhapes and formes of euery kinde of Foure-footed-
Beaftes, or Hiftoryes, thatis to fays whatfoeuer it is that canlead vs more amply to know
the nature of them: or blaming thofe things in which we haue erred which truely I which
Iam the man thinkethere are many, yet I do not doubt but that they may wittily and fa-
uorably communicate with ours, and may as it were make famous this publique worke,
being placed inthe midule, which thing alfo is profitable and excellentto them, and de-
le&ableto mee, and continually to all learned men heareafter.. That there hath beenea
pactaker, or companion of this excellent worke he fhall be in aduancement. |
IfIthallbe admonifhed of my error in few things, nay onely in onething,! prefently
will correct it without enuy or mallice : or will put thereto fome new matter, either tothe
.fecond volume of the reft of Foure-footed-Beafis,or otherwife in the addition : And leaft
I should feeme vngrateful to thofe which haue contributed orbeftowed fomthing to this,
contrary totheloue which I fhould alwaies beare to them, ifnoother benefit (hall be ren-
deredtothem,as our eftateis but meafi,yet atleaftwife I will declare my mind in a frend-
ly commemorationtoa number of their names in their Catalogue,by whom Ihaucpro-
fited. |
But if any, either througha deflitute er forfaken occafien, or for any other caufe or
difpofition, are forced to write or fend f. omthing tovs, and alfo hall defire publiquely ta
correct fome of ourerrors which wehaue committed, which I know many can do graue-
ly,and alfolearnedly and J defire that they may doe it,& entreatofthem thatthey write
learnedly and modeftly,and to do itfo, that the common wealth pertaining tolearning,
may rather aduance and premote him then either to wrong his credit or renowne, or any
caufe of blaming or rebuking vs, as itbecommeth men of courage, truely to fee into it.
Iamalwaies ready toamend my own, from any iuft corre&ion or blame, butnot deprive
any man of his owne praife. For I hope (withoutoffence be it fpoken here) that this our.
labour or paines (hall remaineto the worlds end, not through the merrit or defert ofour
learninge , (which is but fmall) butthrough eur diligence, whichhath ioy-
ned together moft diligently and exa&ly, fo many and great
- laboursand ftories, from a number of Authors,
as it Were into onc treafury or
Store-honfe.
Farewell
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‘Readers. ig
Fter Lad: expreffed thefe two Epiftles of ComradusGefner,
inthe former whereofhedeclarethto the States-men of Zz-
ricke the vtility of the ftory, and in the: latter his excufes or
reafonsof his method in his latter workes : I thought good
alfo to followe him in his Apology of the Authours, outof
whofe writings he had taken any part of his flory: Although
Lhaue not nor could not obferue his words ,method,forme,
and matter inall things inthis my En glith colle&ion, not
onely becaufé his purpofe was to gatherall that had beene |
written ofeuery beaít,S to leauethefame (as he profefierh) i
likea Di&tionary for the priuate vfe oflearned men ,butalfo becaufe my purpofe was,to T
fhew to cuery plaineand honeft man, the wonderfull workes of Godin euery beaft in his EM
vulgar toongue, and gine occafion to my louing friendesand Country-men, to adde of !
themfelues, or elfe tohelpe mee with their owne obíeruations vppon thefe ftories : al
yet forafinuch as I muft acknowledge him my Authour, by the helpe of whofe eies I 43)
hauefzenealmoftall that I hàue wrote, I will fay as he doth out of Plinius Secundus, Eft e- ít
nim benignum vt arbitror c plenumingenui pudoris, fateri per quos profeceris non vt plerig, i
quos attigi fecerunt. That is, Itisa figne ofa goodnature replenithed with all modeftic 5 a
to confeffe the Authors ofallenes profit, and not todo as many haue done; into whofe n"
writings I haue looked; for by comparing themtó theauncient, I foundethat they had jn
tranflated many things word for word;and neuer named them truely: indeed itis a figne Juil
ofavileandill mind or witte, rather to aduenture to be caken with theft, then to pay that h-W
which was lent him, although he know vfury will not be required. .....
Therefore we will confeffe all to be other mennes, and beginwith the Catalogue of fuch
Writersas he nameth, and bath already expreffed; and becaufe Lknow none butlearned n.
and ftudious men will.looke after them, I will after his manner. expreffe - them inthe
Latine, and faue the labour of tranflation: Adding thereunto fuch Authorsas I haue
- inferted into this ftory, either Englith or Forraine : And whereas lhaue caken. many
things out ofthofe Writers named by him which he omitted; will not derogate from
his labour, but fuffer them to goasthey were; and thereforetabéginwith Canradus Gef-
E T
Tm
ser Twill fay of him, as was faid by him ofanother : Nulla ferent Fanta f «cula futura vt^ a
eum, andthe refidue follow Alphabetically. vi, so f CUP eod soins ad ! i)
o The Catalogue of the Authors whieh baue 7 * VN
m ets Wloteof Deals... TAM ce ipee td
Hssarvv,ÁvTHORS 0000 pos Gruexz, AvTHORS. — ü 1
Etus Teftamentuws eum annotationibus Actuary liber de Serpentibus d venenis pre- Pn
! Seb. Munfleri-. o ooo iter ex Diojcoride contract us eft. j
Eju[dem Munfteri Dicfionaria, Hebraieola- Adamanty bhyfognomica. b
tinum, ci quadrilimgue, 0 Avfenitragadi@. 0 n 7 m
Epiftola presbytert Ioannis , vtwecant pocelt Aety non omuia fed plerag, enolui c exeerpfi nom
Aethiopia regis ad Pontificem Rom. de tegrum vero librum 13. qui eft de ve- J na
rebis Aetbioptci. EM "epis e venenatis animalibus. | |
Arabieos roc eft ex Arabica lingua tranflatos, Aeliani hiftoria ammalium Petro Gillio inter- i
nominabo inferius inter ob[euros. prete cum eiu[dé additionib. ex Oppta- M 2
ju
n.
i
Sts ae tg re NR
Sag Se rn ee
y a oly ss is
— Ta
eA “Catalogue
Plutarcho, Porphyrio on Helidério, Vr
brititules habet. Sit autem Meliani omnia
adiecta fnt, vt nihil ad rem pertinens omit —
teretur: nam [i quando fHilus laxuriari vi-
debatur cy leutter euagari, aut. hominem
cam brutis eanferendo veprehendere, (quod
S spines facit ut qui profe(ionerhetor fuerit)
plerund,contraximus.
Ein[dem varia biflaris libri v4.
Ein[dem de inflruendis aciebus liber. |
Alexadri Magni epiflola ad Ariftotelem dere-
bus Indicus Cornelio Nepote ipterprete.
Alexandri Apbrodiffenfts prablematum libri a i
Alexander Trallianus medicus.
Ammonicus de differentij s vocum.
Annonius Periplus.
pollen Arconautica, eum Scholys.
Apofioly Byxanty paramias
Appianus hiftoricws,
~ Aratus, cum Scholis.
Ariftides rhetor. ;
Ariftophanis comedie, tum scholis.
Ariftotelis librisnteeri, quod particulares hi-
frorias ateinet, De hiftoria, de generatione
€? departibus animalium. Phyffaenemita.
De mirabilibus. De colaribus. Parua natu-
‘ vAliay vt vetant .Preblemata. Te ceteris li-
bris, aut nullam aut varifümum vllius ani-
mantis momen occurret
Michaelis Bpbe[7 Scholiatn libros, de gener an
tione qua Ioannis Philoponi nonune publica
ta funt. SNiphus feribit Michaelis Ephefy
Scholiainlbros de genevatione extare , ex-
pofitionem nonextare.
Ariani Periplus Euxini Ponti.
Eiu[dem Periplus rubrz maris,
kiufdem de rebus geftis Alexandri hifforia.
Ein[dem Indica.
"Athenaei Dipnofophifta: .—- j
Biblia fara, boceft vetus ej mouit Teftamen-
Callimachi poemata quadam > [tum Gr aca,
Cl. Galeni libri : aly. quidé malti fparfim ino-
bis cogniti: iateeri ver) propter animalium
biftoriam, qui [equuatur.
Libri de frewlieium facultatibus..De anti-
detis. De theriaca ad Pifenem.De cibis bo-
wi co mali [ueci.De alimentorum facultati.
_. bus tertius.Deparabilibus libri tres, queri
primus incipit Cum ars medica cirea nullas
vnquam vrbes. Secundus ad Solonem ,a-
cephalus. Tertius Galeno ad[criptus incipit:
Degurgulionis vitgs, Nile
Diodorus Sienlus biforteus, ~
Diogenes Laériius de vita philofephorum.
i
ee
a um.
Dion biflorieus- Sof aere
Dianifyus Afer de fit orbs Euflathius in-
— "terpretes, |
"Diofcorides.
Epigramatum Gy ecorum authores dierfi.
Epiftolarum Gr ecarum anthoresdinerfi,
quas Aldus olim uno velumine ceniumx-
a.
Etymologicon,
Euripidis tragedia.
Euffathius in priores quinis, Wadislibras, ——
Geoponicorum, 1d eft, de ve-rufiica ad. Cota
flamtinum C efarem librorum authores di
nerf,
‘Heliodors Aethiapita hiftorie libridecem.
Heraglidis-dferiptiones Rerum pub.
Heroditibiftoria,
Hefiods pocmata, eum Scholijs.
Hefychy Lexicon. |
Hippiatri Graci, Ab[yrtás, Hierocles, Pelagà-
nius c alij une volumine coniunci.
Hippocrates : pracipue libri dematura tmulie-
bri, de morbis mulebribus, deinternis affe-
cLionibus.
Homerus eum Schalis:
Jofephus.
Josnuts Teetzu varia hiftoria,
Julius Pollux.
Lucianus.
Lycophroncum Scholiafte.
Nicawdri Theriaca Ge Alexipharmaca, eugs
Scholys.
Nicolai Myrepfi medicamenta compofita feeni-
dum genera, Leonhardo Fuchfiointerpre=.
» e.
, Oppiani libri de pifeibus co de venatione,
ineinfder libros de aucupio paraphrafis
Orpheus.
Ori vel Heri Hieroglyphita.
Palephatns defabulis.
Paulus Aegineta medieus:
Sucsidanea cum einfdemyey éutm Galeni eperi-
« buseontunei folita. .
Pan[ania libri de veglouibus Gracie.
Philes qui de animalibus [eBarios iambicos com
... didit, omnia ab Aeliano mutuatus.
Philoflrati tones. ^
Eiu[dem libri de vita Apollony.
Phurnutus de djs,
Pindarus eum Scholijs, — = ae
Plato. beg me
Plutarchi vita, e? alij vary libelliintegri. ve-
Virum terrefirta ant aquatilia animalia fent
Japientiora. .
Gryllus, vel quod brataratione vtantur.
te Liber
ff the Author.
Liber de tfide & Ofride. 7 aed,
Caufa naturales, p
Polyeniflrategemata, -
Polybius hiftoricus.
Precopius Gaz«us. fophifla in actteuchi
vteris Teflamenti.
Q. Calaber pocta.
Theophra]H opera,
Theocritus,
Xenophontis opera dif:
De venatione.
Dereegnefhri.
Hipparchicus.
Larins ÁvTHORS:
"Ael. Lampridius, ©
"Ael. Spartinus.
Alb, Tibullas.
Ammianns Mareelliaus.
Aulus Gellias.
Aulus Perfiuss
Aur. Cornelius Celfus,
Cel. Apicius de ve culinaria.
C. Iul. Cefar.
C. Iulius Solinus.
C. Plinii Seeundi Hifloria mundi.
C. SWetonius Tranquillus.
C. V4l. Catailus.
Decius Anfowins.
Fl.Vegetius Renatus deve militari:
Einfdem Mulomedicina.
FI. ee Sea hiftoricus.
Grati liber de venatione.
Iul. Capitolinus hiftoritus.
Junius Inuenalis poéta Satyricus.
L. Annaus Seneca.
Le Apuleius.
L. Junius Moderatus Collumeladevernft. c
horten/i.
Matrobius Ambrofius Aur.
Marcellus medicus Empiricus, quem fimpliti-
ter Marcelli nomine citato inter vemedtaex
animalibus intelligt volo, non Marcellum
Vercilium illum noftri feculi qui Diofcori-
dem tranflulit, d annotamentss illufira-
Wit.
M. Aétins Plautus Comicus.
M. .Annei Lucani Pharfalia.
M. Aurelii Olymplt Nemefiani poeta de vena-
tione liber.
M.cato de reruft.
M. Manali Aftronomicon libre.
M. Terentius Varro derevaft.
Jdem de lingua Lat,
M; Falerii Martialis epigrammata.
(s M.Vitruuius dearcbitectura.
.. "Nonius Marcellus de lingua Lat.
Palladius devevu[f:
Pomponins Melas
PiVergilit Maronis Bucolica d-ndeneit
Etufdem Georgiea.
P. Ouidis opera. 2
Eidem falsi ad [eripta, Philomela de vocibus
animalium, c Pulex,
Einfdem Halieutica.
Quintus Horatius Flaccus;
"Qr Serenus Samenitus.
Seruius in Virgilium, - who
Sextus Platonieus de vemediis ex anima libus
Sexti Aurelii Propertit Elogias
Sextus Pompeius Feflus de lingua Bate:
Sexti Iulii Frantini Strategamatu ^ ~ SE
Silius Italiens Po&ta.- guntysa esl
Statius Papinius Neapol Poeta. Ao
Titi Calpharnii Sienla Bucolica...
T- Liuius Hifloricus, 1
| Valerius Maximus.
"Aefeulapins nefcio quisyx animalibus weiredia
defcripfrt que plerag., cadewapnd Sextum
Platopicum reperio.
Alberti Magni de animalibus libri immumeris
erroribus inquinati ita ot Niphus totidem
fere erroresimeffe fribst quot verba.
Alexander quidam autbor obféurus ab aliis e-
jufdem farina authoribus eitatur y ipfenon
vidi : vt e Rodolphus i in Leuitieum.
"Arnoldus de Villanoua yin 5s qua de animali-
bus feribit, vt in libro detherisca,Arabuns
corum~we interpreti tum semina. Ium ers
vores fequitnr.
Bartelemai Anglici de proprittatibus rerum
libri. 19.
Auerrois libros Arifateli de: generatione e?
departibus paraphraflice reddidit licet meo
judicio perperam interpretetur Niphus, Ego
eum ex his feriptis nibil egregii [peraremy
nei, f apud nos reperirem. accerferenolui.vt
ned, Auicenna de animalibus libros jn qui-
buspleradá, omnia Ariftotelis effe puto:
Si quid preter illa adiectum eft, in Alberti
lucubrationibus, (quibus nos ff fumusy)
eontineri.
Auicenns opera medica.De ein[dem libris ant-
aliam in Alberti Magni mentione iam
dixi,
Elluchafzm E limithar Medici de Baldath Ta-
tUi.
Ferdinadus à Ponzeto Cardinalis de venenis,
laco-
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ef Catalogue
Jacobus Dondus Pataninus, quemevulgo Ag-
gregatorem- vocant.
Tovachs cuiu[ dam liber deanimalibus ab Al-’
berto Magno j| ape citatur, (abalys.obfcu-
rit. ait antem eufrequentur falfa fcribere.
Kirandes etianz tte[cio quis ab ag eregatore:
(i alijs recentioribus remedy s precipue
ex animalibus fubinde citatur.
Matthei Syluatiei Paudecfa Medicinales.
R. Mofes.
petrus Aponenfis venenis.
Rafís im libro defexaginta animalibus.
Semeryo vel Haren Semeryoab Alberto Mag:
no in hiftoria animaliufrequentur citatar,
SéPADIO, SS PUAN
Vincenti, Belluasenfis: de animalibus libris 7.
nempe decimus [eptimus Specult waturalis
cit [ex fequentibus specals doctrinalis etia
libro decimo[exto vur[us de sj dem bremter
agit. snvder, Mus
Liber denatsra verum authoris inmominati,
páffm apud vecentiores illos quorum impu
rus fermo Latinis eft eitatur Vincentium, \
Allbertitex quibus nos omnia qua no pror-
fus abfurdaerant amutuati [umus.
Andrea Bullunenfis GloffematainAuicennam
TN c erudita, quamuis dictions
non ddmodum pur efuit enim lingna Ara~
bice peritus yita cot orthographiaetia [erip-
tarum abeo dictionum maior frt habenda fe-
des, quamsab alijs quorum plerig, mifereit-
lam corrupersnt.
Lauren, Rufcius Hippiaerita peritiffime ferip.
fft, quanquam flilonen [atis Latina,
Jfidorus Etymologici [ni libro xa. de animali-
bus quadam fcripfit non inutilia : meretur
autem medii fere locu nifallor , inter claf-
fécos & barbaros aushores.
Ft ci Monachi illi quorum commentary in
Mefuen ante: annos. circiter oito Venetiis
excuft (unt.
Eiu[dem ordinis fuerint & Petri Crefcenti-
enjfis dere Ruft libri.
Aenea Sylusj Afta ch Europa defcriptio.
Alexandri ab Alexandris, IC. Neapolit. Dies
entales.
Alexandri Benedicti Veronenfis de morbis eu-
randis opus.
Aleifj Cadamufti nauigatio.
Aleifs Mundella Epiflola medieimales.
Ameriti Vepputy nauigationes.
Andres Alciati Emblemata. "
"Andres Ve[alzg opus Anatomicum. í
Angelia Polirtani opere.
Antonij Mufa Bra[auolilibri de medicamentis
vifitati frmplieibus er compo[ii.
Antonisis Thylefrus.
Auguftini Niphi commentarij im libros Ari
frotelis de animalium hifforta generationes
e partibus.
FEin[dem de augurijs liber.
Baptifla Fiere Mantuani ceua.
BaptifleplatinaCremonenfis de henefta volu-
ptate & valetudine libri, ;
Baffianus Landus Placentinus-de bumana hi~
fforia.
^. Belifarius Aquiuiuus Aragonens Neritinorià
dux de venatione, ex Oppiano fere,
Ein[dem de aucupio liber.
Brocardus mrnachns de Terra fancta.
Caly Calcagnini opera.
Caly Rhodigini Antiquarü lectionum. wolu-
men: qued frequentifsime im apere noftra
Calii fimpliciter nomine citatur
Caelius Aurelianus Siceenfis, ¢ hic pertinet ad
erdinem veterum.)
Cali Secundi Curionis Aranens,
Caroli Figuli dialegi, alter de emu[fels y alter
depifcibus in Mofella Aufony.
Caroli Stephani feripta de vacabalisvet bor-
tenfis, Seminary Co Vineti,
Chriftophori Columbi Nauigatio.
Chriftophori Orofci Hifpama Annotationes im
"etiam e eus amterpretes,
Defiderij Erafmi Rot. opera.
Eiufdem C lilia des adagiorum
Erafmus Stella de BorufGia antiquitatibus.
Francifci Mari Grapaldi Parmenfis de parti-
bus edium libri. 2. Tractat autem de ani-
malibus libri primi capitibus, 6. 7:8. 9.
Francifci Maffarii Venetiim nomum Plimi de
naturali bifloria Caffigationes & Anneta-
tines.
Francifei Ni evi Baffianatis Rbatia.
Francifeus Robortellus Vtinenfis.
Gabrielis Humelber gti commentarii in Same.
nicum, in Sextum de medicinis animalis,
e in Apicium. .
Gafparis Heldelini ciconia encomium. .
Georgit Agricola libri de metallis.Dependeri-
bus c men[uris. b y
Eiufdem liber de animantibus [ubterrafeis.
Georgii Alexandrini prifearis apud anthores
veiru[Hica enarratio. )
Guileilmi Budei Commentarii lingua. Graea,
Ein[dem Philologia.
Gul. Philandri Caflilient] Galli in Vitruuinm
annotationes.
Guilielmi Turneri Angli liber de auibus.
Gilberti Lengolii dialogus de anibws.
í Her-
of the Authors.
Hermolai Barbari Ca[Higationes in Plinium,
Coroliariumin Diofcoridem. — * Phyfica,
Hieronymi Cardani de fubtilitate libri.
Hieronymi Vide potma de bombyeibus.
Jacobi Syluii libri de medicamentis fimplicibus
deligendis c pr eparandis.
Jani Cormarii Annotationes in. Galena de cop.
pharm feenndum locas.
Joschimt Camerarii Hippocomus, Rhetorica.
Joachimi Vadiani Commentarii in Melam.
Jo. Agricole Ammonii de fimplicibus medica
mentis libri. 2.
Jo Boémus Aubanus de moribus omnium gen-
Hu.
Jo. Brodei annotationes in epigrammata Gra-
e«.
Jo. Fernelius Ambianus de abditis rerum cane
ffs.
Io. Cufnerus medieus Eermanus.
Jo. Jouinianus Pontanus.
Io. Manardi Ferrarienjis epiftole medicina-
les.
Jo. gaui[ i Textoris Officina.
Jo. Ruellii biftoria plantarum.
Jo. Prsintprofpopeia amimalium carmine, eu
annotationibus Iae. Gliuari.
Jedaci Vuillichit Annotationes in Georgica Ver
ili.
Julianus Aurelius Leffüenien[ts de cognomini-
bus deor um gentilium.
Lazarus Bayfius de re veffjaria, de ve nautica,
devafeulis.
Leonelli Fatientini deVittoris, de medendis |
morbis liber.
Lili Gregorii Giraldi Syntagmata de dits.
Ludowici Vartomanni Romani patritià Naui-
gationum libri V 1. |
Marcelli Vergilii in Diofcoridem Annotati-
ones...
Mare: Pauli Veneti de regionibus Orientisli-
bri 3. |
Matthias à Michou de Sarmatia Afana atque
« Europea.
Medicorum recentiorum cum aliorü, tum qui
parum Latine de curandis morbis [ingula-
tim fevip[erunt libri diuerfi, '
Michael Angelus Blondus decanibus e$ ve-
natione. |
Nicolai Erythr ei Index in Vergilium.
Nicolai Leoniceni opera. |
Nicolai Leontci Tbomei Varia hifleria.
Nicolat Perotti Sipontini Cornucepia.
Othonis Branfelfii Pandect « medicinales.
Paulus Iouins de pifcibus.
idem de Mafchouztarum legatione.
Petrus Crinitus.
Petri Galliffardi Araquei pulicis Encomium.
Petri Gilly Gals Additiones ad Aeliani libres
deanimalibus à fe tranflatos.
Eiufdem liber de Gallicis neminibus pifci-
um.
Petri Martyris Oceana decades, de nauigatio-
nibus noui Orbis. |
Philippi Beroaldi Annetationes in Colamel-
lam. |
Pinzoni nauigationes:ci Magellani ad infulas
Moluchas.
Polydorus Vergilius de Anglia.
Idem de rerum inuentoribus,
Raph. Volaterranus,
Robertus Cenalis de ponderibus c menfurts.
Roberti Stephant Appendix ad Dictionarium
Gallicolatinum.
Scribonius Largus.
Sebafliani Munfleri Cofmographia uninerfa~
Sebaftiani Siemari cieada Encomium,
Stroxy poéta,pater & filius.
Theodoffus Trebellius Foy oiulien/is, concinna-
nator Dictionary qued Promptuarium in-
Jerip/it.
Valerius Cordus de wedicamentis compofitis
apud Pharmacopolas ufitats.
L|
German ÁvrTHORs.
Balthafaris Stemdel Dillingenfis Opfatyti-
Cae.
Eberhardus Tappins Lunenfis de accipitri-.
bus. |
Ein[dem prouerbia Germanica cum Latinis cb
Gr «cts collata.
Hieronymi Tragi hiftoria plantarum.
Joannis Elia fcripta de wocabulis venatorys in
libro eius de (cientia feribarum publicorum.
Jo. Stump[ii Chromica Heluetia,
Michael Herus de quadrupedibus,
Olai Magnitabula & libellus de infulis c ve-
gionibus Oceani Septentrionalis Eura-
p4. |
Vary libelli Hippiatrici Medicinales, e aly ;
partim exeuff, partim manufcriptt.
Irattan Avruorse
Francifci Alunni(non Arlunni, vt [epe {crip-
fimmus in boc Opere) Ferrarienfis Fabrica
mundi.
Petri Andree Matthaoli Senenfis commenta-
tary in Dio[coridem.
| Ter-
eee ee SS ao. = = M
er na RPS naar lo SE AE aros RETE
Rc
a A Mint arc FS
=a. :
a
> et re 3
— tog Thm
eA Catalogue
Terra Sancta defcriptio Autberis innemi-
nati.
Frencn AvTuGRs,
Gulielmus Tardiuus de accipitribus c canibus
Venatitis.
Andre Furnery liber de decoratione bumana
natura. i
To. Geeurotus, de Con[eruattone vita.
Thome Eliote Dittwnarium Anglicolati-
num.
Sigi[mundi Gelentj Lexicon fimphonum La-
tine, Grace, Germanita, c Illyrica lin~
KA UAT UM.
CATALOGUS DOCTO-
RVM VIRORVM, QVI VT OPVS
hocnoftrum & rempub.literariam illuftra-
rent, vel aliunde imagines animalium , aut
nomina defcriptiones miferunt : vel prz-
fentes communicarunt. Horum
nonnulli fupeirus quoq; nomi-
nati funt quod infuper
{criptis.corum pub-
licatis adiutus
fim.
Chilli P. Gaffarus medicus Germana.
Age. Peijer Scaphufianus.
Aloiftus Mondella Brixienfis medicus.
Andreas Martinus Roflochienfis.
Antonius Eparchus Coreyraus , Grace leue
profeffor Venetis... o oo
Antonius Mufa. Brafauolas illuftrifamt Fer-
varia dacis Hereulis Eften[is archiatros.
Antonius Stuppa Rhatns. i
Arnoldus Peraxylus Arlenius Germanus.
partalmikus a Caffromuro canonuus Curtenfis
in Rhetia. i t
| Calius Secundus Curio Italus.
Calius Sozints Senenfis.
cajfar Hedto ecclefiaftes Argentinenfis.
Chriftophorus Clauferus Tigurinus archiatros
Cornelius Sittardus medicus Germanus.
Dominicus Monthe[aurus medicus Veronen-
Js S.
| Dauid Chytraus.
"Aegidius Flecherus.
Edw : Wootonus.
Florianus Sufz Rolitz a Varfhania Polonus,
Francifcus. Belinchettus. merchator: Berga-
menfis,
Ge. Aericolacon[ul Kempnicff.
Ge. Fabrieiuspota, Scbole rector Mifene.
Gilbertus. Horftins Ausflerodamus medicus
Rome,
Greorgius Mangolt Conftantienfis,
Guilielmus Gratarolus Bergomenfis medicus.
Gulielmus Padeats D. medicina.
Gultelpsus Camdenus Clarentius.
Guiltelmus Turnerus Auglus medieus.
Henricus Stephanus Roberti filius, Parifienfis.
Hieronymus Fraea[orius Veronen[is medicus.
Hieronymus Frobenios Bafilienfis typographus
Hieronymus Tragus Germanus,
Jobannes Caius D medicine.
Jo. Altus Heffus,
Jo. Culmannus Goppingenfis.
Io. Dernfwam Germanus,
Ie. Eftwycus Anglus.
Io. Falconerus medicus Anglus.
Jo. Kentmannus Drefdenfis medius.
Jo. Oporinus Bafilienfis typographus. -fanma,
Jo. Ribittus [acrarum literarü iterpres Lau-
Juffinus Goblerus I. C. cf principi Naffauien-
fiaconsilys,
Lucas Gynus medicus Italus.
Michael Alyfius Gallus Trecen[is medicus...
Nicolaus Gerbelius Phorcenfzs I.C.
Petrus Dafjypodius Greearum literarum pra-
feffor Argentorati, preceptor meus,
Petrus Gillius Gallus.
Petrus Merbeliu, Germanus, Corelo V. aeon-
Jis Mediolani.
Petrus de Mefnil Gallus.
petrus Paulus Vergerius olim epi[cop.1u[lino-
politanus,
Sebaflianus Munflerus Hebrace lingua pre-
feffor Bafwles
Sigifmundus Gelenius Bohemus.
Simon Lithonius Valestus.
Theodorus Bibliander facrarum literarum a-
pud nos profeffor.
Tho. Bonham D.mediti.
Thomas Gybfon Anglus mediems.
Valentinus. Grauius vir docfus- & fenator:
Mifena.
Vincentius Valgrifius Germanus, typoayaphus
Venetiis.
Alexandri
* HT
bé
eA Catalogue
Awe Myndij liber de animalibus. e
hiftoriainmentorum, memorantur ab A-
thenae.
Aptipatri librum de animalibus citat. Plutar-
tarchus in libro decaufis nat.probl. 38.
Antiphorhetor férzpfit de pauomb. Athenaus.
Archefratus de varijs animalibus ad eibis ap-
tis eorum, ad gulam cr voluptatem appa-
ratncarminibus [ertpfst , qua per[ape veei-
tat Atbenaus. |
Cacus Argus depifcibus feripfit earmine,
Athenaeus.
Callifthents librmm tertium de venatione citat
Plutarehus in libro de fluuds. -
Epicharmus Syracufanus pecudum medicinas
diligentifsime conferipfit. Collemella.
Leonides Byzantius [eripfit de pifcibus oratio-
ne foluta, Atbenaus.
ANumenif librum Theriacum citant. Scholia in
Nicandrum, Dares
Numenius Heracleotes de pifcibus poema con-
didit, Athenans. .
Petri Ophiaea adducit Soholiaftes Nicandri.
Paneratius Arcas Halieuticha reliquit carmi-
ne : item Pofidonius Corintbius, Athenaus :
Seleucus Tartenfis Halientica edidit profa,
Athen, Softratus fcripfit natura animalin, ut
"Athenaei (Nicandri Scholtaftes citant. E-
infdem fecundis de venatione librum citat
Stobaus in Sermone quo Venus vituperatur
Strato Lampjacenus PA ficus feripfit de gene-
satione animalium, item de animalibus, de
quibus dubitatur, c de fabulofis animali
bus Laértius. !
Theephraftus Ereffius ( Laertio tefle) {oripfit
de dinerfitate vocw animalium eiu[dem ge-
neris lib. Y.De animalibus qua fapere diucit-
fur umm. De bis qua in [iéco morantur du
es Deanimalibus feptem. De his qua colo-
resimmutant ont De his que latibula faci
unt Ung. De antomatis (fic puto Vocat que
senex coitu , fed ex putredine nafcuntur.)
animalibus unum.Compendy ex Aviffotele
de animalibus libros 6.De avimalii) racen-
tia ei maribus vna.De fructibus et anima
libus veríus millecentis ci octoginta duos,
Horunonnullos etia Atheneus citat. nem=
fe tous pert zoen pert tonen to zero diatri-
Lonton zoon pert ton pheleuonton periton
metaballenton tas fevoas:item peri ton da
. keton kai bletieon.
Xenocratis librum de vilitate qua abs animali
bus capitur. citat Galenss.lib. 10. C. 4. de
fimmplicibus.
Auguflinus Niphws in prafztione comentari-
erum quasin Ariftotelis de animalibus lis
bros edidit complures alios authores vete-
ves, quort libri de avimalibus fcripti nà ex-
tent, enumerat mutuatia ex Indice Pling
- qui loco primi libri babetur. Authores enim
aliquot quas otauopracipue libro plinius
nominat tanqua emnes de animalibus fim-
pliciter [cripferint ÀNipho numeratur guns
alli obiter tantis in opertbus [uis vel ves ge
fias velvemvuflicà continentibus animali-
um quorudamiminerint.Iaba, Hieron, At-
talus, P ilemeter & Archelaus reges de vi-
natnrag, animalis diligenter perferipfevut
Gillius Ego rezum iftornm nomina citari
quide apud Plinium reperio, de apimalibus
vero ex profeffo cos feripfiffe nufqua legere
memini.Hiero quidem Philometer, Atta-
lus C Archelaus de cultura agri feripferit,
vt refert Plinius Y8.5 Iuba vero tum alia,
zum de Arabia fiue Arabica expeditione ,ea-
dem tefle 6. 27.6 12.14.18 Quibus libris
multa eos de animalibus feripfiffe conycio,
ex profejfo nufquam.
— PÀ
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PALE P OES PALS POE PUES PUES PLES LUE
ieee Oo SF "s ogee o7 EOS o7 e SKE EO ou SS os A CO
RY RAN LIES ASE SIS SIU SSE SEE
eAn Englifh Table expreffing the name ofenery Be aft in fuch
fort as itis recited in this Hiftory, referring euery Beaft to his
proper head and kind by the
Page. f
A. Camels. 93 FitchorPool.cat. 219
^X Ntalope- 1 CamedlDromeday — ,97 Foxe. 210
Ape vulgar. 2 Camelopardall. too CrucigeranFoxe, 212
Ape Munkey. 6 Allocamell. 101 G.
Ape Martine. ; QCampe. 102 Gennet Kat. 228
Ape Callitriche. 9 Cat. 102 Goates. .
Apc Prafian. g Wildecat. 107. Goatesvulgar. 230
Ape Baboun. 1o Colus. 198 Mambrine Goats. 235
Ape Tartarine. — - 15, Cony. 109 Deere-Goatts. 143
Ape Satyre. 13 Indian Pig-cony. 112 Wilde Goat. 144
Ape Monfter. EC D: Kyd. 147
Ape Notuegian 16 Deare. — Gulon. 161
Ape Pan. ^ 16 FallowDeere. 13 Gorgon. 163
Ape Sphinx. 1:7 RoeBucke, 114 H.
Ape Sagoni. 18 Tragelaphus. 118 Harc. 164.
Ape called Beare ape. "tg HarandHinde. ^ 121 Hedghog. 177
Ape called Foxe-apé. 19 Didtyese 733. Horfe.
Affe. 20 Dogges. | Horfe vulgar. 28%
Hinnus. i9 Dogges. 137 StallionsandMares. 29$
Tnnus. - jbid, Greyhound. ; 44 Hunting Horfes. 321
Ginnus. ibid. Hound. 149 Runningorrace Horfes, 322
Mannus. ibid. Bloud-Hound. «1590 Geldings. 324, M
Mannulus. ibid. Spanniel. 153. Carrecring Horfes. als in
Befi. ibid. Mungrels. »» 154 PackeHortes. 325 i |
Burdones. ibid. Mimicke or IflandDog. 16: Wilde Horfes, 335 E
Wilde Affe. - 30 Little Mezlitaan Dogs. 161 Hippelaphus, 236 na
Scythian Affes. 31 The Harier. ... 165 SeaHorfe, >, 328. "d
Indian Affes. 32. The Terriar. d 165 Hygna. i AR
Axis and Alborach. 32 . The Gafehound. 16; Hyznavulgar, 436 |
B. The Leymmer. — 168 Papioor Dabuh, 439 | |
Badger,Brocke,or Gray. 3; The Tumbler. — 4, 168 | Crocuta. 440 n!
Beare. 35 TheTheeuifh Dog. 169 Mantichora, 44 E AM
Beauer. | ! 44 TheSetter. 169 5 ji i !
Bifon. sO TheWaterfpanniel,; .. 170 Ibex, 445. (d
Scotian Bifon. $2 TheFifher. 171 Ichneumon or Pharoes . il f 4
Bonaffus. (53 TheSheapheards Dog, 17? ^. Moufe, : 449 P 3
Buffe. $6 TheMaftiueorBandog. 173 1» Ty 3 i
Bugle. $7 ‘TheButchersDog: ., 174 LamiaorPhayrye, 452 ^D |
Affrican Bugill. 59 Cursofallfortsy .;;.. 177. Lyon. iot Eo1/:494 m
Pull. 61 E, Linx, 488 n
Oxc. 67 Eale. 5 190 M, it :
Cow. 7r Elephant. . 1:90 Martenor Marder, 495 hu
Calfe. edeug8~. Elke. 211. Mole; 498 M
N | Mite, "ARN, |
Cacus. | «er Ferret, 217 Vulgar M oufe; 503 . Aa
^s Rat "
Rat,
Water Rat.
Alpine Moufe,
Dormoufe,
Hamfter Moufe,
Norician Moufe.
Pontique Moufe,
Flying Moufe,
Shrewor Erd Shrew
Wilde field Moufe,
Woed Moufe,
Hatfell Moufe.
Lafcett Moufe,
Sorex, "
Indian Moufe,
Muske cat.
Mule,
Neades,
N.
eA nother Alphabeticall able directing the Reade to the
A Eitican xm
Alborach.
Alpine Moufe.
Antalope.
Ape vulgar.
Arabyan Sheepe
Affe.
Axis
Baboun.
Badger sPraekiar Gray.
Beare T
Beare ape.
Beauer.
Bef.
Bifon.
Bloud-Hound.
Bonaffus.
Buffe.
Bugle.
Bull.
Burdones.
Butchers Dog.
Ci
B:
Cacus.
Calfe.
Callitriche.
Camels,
Ca melopardall.
Campe.
Carreering Horfes,
3»
-§20
521
$26
529
$31
$32
533
534
542
544
545
546
546
548
551
556
$67
T he Table.
Ounce,
Orynx.
The Otter.
P,
Panther.
Poephages.
Porcupine.
Reiner or Ranger
Rhinocerot
S,
Su, and Subus.
Arabian Sheepe
Ramme
Weather Sheepe
Lambe
Mufmon '
Strepficeros
Squirrel
Getulian Squirrell
ftory of euery Beaft.
Car.
Cow.
Colus.
Cony.
Crucigeran Foxe.
Crocuta.
Curs ofall forts.'
D.
Dabuh or Papio,
Deere-Goates.
Di&yese
Dogges.
Dorraoufe
, T
Eale.
Etephant.
Elke. ;
ie o
Fallow Deere
Pee.
Ficldmóufe
Fither dog:
Fitch or Pool-cat.
. Flyeng Moufe
Foxe.
Foxe-ape.
G,
Gafehound.
Gennet Kat.’
Geldings.
Greyhound,
Ginnus.
"7190
; $42
Vulgar Swyne
579 WildeBoare
$71 T
Tatus
575 ‘Tiger
$e V.
588 Vnicorne
^s. 2 Vre-Oxe
595 Libian Vre-Oxe
Indian Vre-Oxe
660 W
600 Weafell:
63 1 Wolfe
638 Sea Wolfe .
640 Z
642 Zebellor Saball
655. Zibetor Ciuetcat
657
659
102 Goatesy 'ulgar.
71 Gorgon.
108 Gulon.
109 H.
222 Hare.
440 Harier.
177 Hart and Hinde.
Hamfter moufe
Hafell moufe.
Hedghog.
Hinnus.
Hippelaphus,
Horfe vulgar.
Hound.
190 : Hunting Horfes.
"Hyena vulgar,
211I I,
Ibex,
Ichneumon
Tanus.
Indian Affe.
439
143
136
137
526
113
dio
Indian moufe,
Indian Vre-Oxe
Lambe :
Lamiaor Phayty ye.
Lafcet Moufe
The Leymme f.
29 Lyon,
Indian Pig- cony.
/ ey
T
We he
Linx, 488
Lybian Vre-Oxe. 714
M,
. Mungrels. 154
Mambrine Goats. 235
Manuchora, 441
Martenor Marder, 495
Martine Ape.
Mares fee Stallions
Mannus & Mannuluss.. 29
Maftiuedog, — . 173
Melitzan Dogs. | 161
Mimick or Getuliaa Dog. 161
Mole; 498
Monfter. I5
Moufe Vulgar, $03
Mule 12115556
. Munkey. 6
Musk-cat. $51
Mufmon 642
A N
Neades. 567
Noruegianmoufe ' 532
Noruegian Ape 16
O
Orvx. 570
Otter. $71
Ounce 568
P
Packe Horfes, 325
TheT able.
Pan Ape.
Panther
Poephagus
Pontique Moufe.
Pocufpine
R
Ramme.
Rat.
Reyner or Ranger
Rhinoceros
Roe Bucke,
. Running or race Horfes.
S
Ape Sagoin.
Satyre Ape.
Sphinx.
Scythian Affes.
Scotian Bugle.
Sea Horfe,
Sea Wolfe
Setter Dog.
Sheapheards Dog. _
Shrew moufe
Sheepe
Sorex
Spanniel.
Squirrels
Stallionsand Mares,
Strepficeros,
Swyne.
16
575
($97
532
885
631
ao
612
595
II4
322
18
15
17
3I
$2
328
759
169
172
534.
598
546
153^
657
295
655
$62
Tartarine.
Tatus.
Terriar.
Tyger.
Theenith Dog.
Tumbler.
M.
Vnicorne.
VreOxe.
Ww.
Water {panniel,
Water rat
Weatell
wilde Bore
Wildecat.
Wilde Goat.
Wilde Horfe,
wilde mice
wilde ficld-mice
Woodmoufe
VVolfe
Ze
Zebell or Sable
Zibet or Ciuet Kat.
FINTS,
755
756
i
4 hl
|
1
4
1
1
M
il
th
1
cmm
EE GIG:
LE
ns
eal :
€
—— — TEM
ENA Y SS p2 2 6 AY
ON ie SENG TO
ERU S NS ev E d
N \ lhe s
(PRON, ? / * S S 72 ce h Y ' 3
4
. HISTORIE OF FOVRE
FOOTED BEASTES
THE ANTALOPE. -
HE 4atalope called in Latine Calopws,and ofthe Grecians E
eAnalopos or Aptolos:ofthis Beaftthereisnomention made —— 4 |
"M | among the auncient Writers, except Suidas and the Epi- Tu
|i ftleof Alexander to. Aristotle, interpreted by Cornelius Ne- B
potius. "They are bred in India and-Syria, neere theRiuer ne ii of y l
Eupbrates, and delight. much to drinke of the colde water E
thereof : Their bodie is like the body of a Roe, and they i (
hauc hornes growing forth of the crowne of their head, B.
which are very long and fharpe s fo that Alexander affir- | M
3 | med they pierced through the ‘hieldes of his Souldiers, Bg
and fought with them very yrefully : at which time his company flewashe trauayled to Bug
India, eight thoufand, fiue hundred, and fifty: which great (lau ghter may bethe occafi-
go on why they are fo rare and fcldomefeene tothis day bycaufe thereby the breeders and 4
meanes oftheir continuance (which confifted in their multitude) were weakened and
de(troyed. Their hornes are great and made like afaw, and they with them can cut afun-
der the branches of Ofier or fmall trees, whereby it commeth to paffe that many times
their necksaretaken in the twiftes of the falling boughes, whereatthe Beaft with repi-
ning cry,bewrayeth himfelfe to the Hunters, and foistaken. The vertues ofthis beaft
are vnknowne, and therefore Suidas faith, an Antalope is but goodin part. "
[05
Nj
SS
ram
Bs Sy
oS
>.
ec j
2
R.
2
“=
- 8,
UY
yy
j
<A
/ Y P Jy. ( Ny) ety
WA NN esse
I tt tud
Ati
W
— a ae
WS
à
[a
--
vt
N Apécalled in Latine Simmia,andfometimes Simius and Sis
Cieero. miolus ; ofthe Grecke word Simos (Viz: ) fignifieng,the
ile flatneffe of the Noftrils, for fo are an Apes: and called
No oftheHabrewes Koph, and plurally Kvphin s as is by S. ze-
rom wanflated,1 King. 10.22. From whence it may be pro-
Ofthe name bably conie&ured,came the Latine words Cepi & Cephi,for
Apes that haue tailes. Sometimes they ate called ofthe 46
«| Habrewes Bogiah, andof the Chaldees Kophin. The Italians
3| Samada Maionio,& Bertuccia, anda Munkey Gatto Maimone.
2 Theauncient Gratcians Pithecos and the later Mimon , and
ao Ximio,the French Singe, the Germaines Aff, the'Flemifbe Simme or Schimmekell, the Il-
Thefmalvie 7^ 27 707 J F. peto me DE
of apes, lirians Opieze,and generally they are held'for a fubtill , ironical, ridiculous and vnprofita-
*Athanante — * Anacharfisthe Philofopher, being ata banquet wherein diuersiefters were broughtin so
Kpsrmade Ape, atthefight whereof hee lauphed hartily ;and being demaunded the caufe why hee
for laughter, laughed not before, aunfwered ;that men do but faine merriments, whereas Apes are natu-
Qualities of
$posv
1 v of the Ape. 3
lowes, that were turnedinto Apes, andfrom their feate or habitation came the Pithecu/an
Iflands, which Viregdll calleth Inarime:for Arime was an old Hetrurian word for an Ape,and
thofe Iflands being the feates of the* Gyants (who being by God ouerthrowen for their
wickednes ) in denfionofthem Apes were planted in theirroomes. Apes haue beene ravght PAERIS,.
to leape, finge, drive Wagons, raignieg and whipping the Horfes very artificially, and TE RE
are very capable of all-humaine actions; hauing an excellent memory either to (hew loue e
to his friends, or hatefull'teueage to them that haue harmed him, butthe faying is good
that the threatning ofa flatterer, andthe anger ofan Ape are both alike regarded. — lt
delighteth much in the company of dogs and young Children, yet it will ftrangle young Hurts recti-
1o. Children if they benot well looked vnto. A certaine Apefeeing a Woman wathing her ep eas
Child ina bafen of warme water obferued her diligently, and getting into the houfe when:
the Nurfe was gonetooke the childe out ofthe Cradle, and fetting wateron the fire, when
it was hot; {tripped the Childe naked, and wathed the childe therewith vnrill itkilled it.
The countries where: Apes are found, are Zybia and all that defart Woods betwixt
Egypt Ethiopia and Libia; and that parte of Caseaf/zs which reacheth to the red Sea. In Countries
India they are moft aboundant, both Redde , blacke; greene, duft-colour , and white ones, SE
which they vfe to bring into Citties (except Red ones,who are fovenereousthatthey will —
rauith their VVomen) aid prefentto their Kings, which grow fo rame, that they go vp and
downe the ftreetes-fo boldly and ciuilly as ifthey were Children, frequenting the Mar-
20 ketplaces without arty offence: whereof fo many (hewedthemfelues to Alexander ftan- Booke of voi
ding vpright, that he deemed themat firft to be an Army of enemies, and commaunded to Ea
joyne battell with chem, vntill he was certificdby Taxilws a King of that Countrey thea in
his Campe, they were but Apes. your siodw 39£3
In Caucafus there até trees of Pepper and Spices whereof Apes are the gatherers, lining Labour of
among thofe trees : for the Inhabitants come and vnder the trees make plaine a plotte of ?P**
ground,and afterward caft thereupon boughs and braunches of Pepper and other fruites,as
it were carelefly 5 which the Apesfecredy obferuing, in the night feafon they gather'togi-
therin great aboundance all the braunches loaden with Pepper, and lay them on heapes
vpponthat plotof ground; andfointhe morning come the Indians and gather the Pepper ©
So from thofe boughesin: great meafure, reaping no fmall aduantage by thelaborof Apes, .
who gather their fuites for them whiles they fleepe:for which caufe they loue them and de-
fend them from Lyons, dogges, andother wilde Beafts. In the region of Ba/man fubiect
to the great Cham ofTartariayate many and diuersforts of Apes;very like mankinde,which
when the Hunterstake;they pulloff their haires à] but the beard and the hole behindejand.
afterward dry them with hotfpices, and poudering thein, fell them to Marchants, who car-
ry them about the world, prefwading fimple people thatthere aremen in Iflands of no grea-
ter ftatures To conclude; thete.areApes in Troglodite whichare maned about thenetke Diuerfitie of
like Lyons, as bigas great Bel-weathers, So ate there fome called Cereopithecig Munkyes, *P°S
C hoerabitheci Hoz- Apes, Cehi ,C allitriches , Marmofits,Cynocephali, of a Dog and an Ape, .:
o Satyress ana Sphinges,.otwhich we will {peake in order for they are notall alike, but fome re-
(emble men orie way, and fome another: as fora Chymara which: Albertus maketh an Ape
itis buta figment ofthe Poets. : Thefame man maketh Pigmeesakinde of Apes, and not
men, but:-Wyphws proueth that they are not men bicaufe they hauc no perfe& vfeofrea- 1ib.7.1.de
fon,nd modefty ; hoüefty;nor iufticeof gouernment,and though they fpeak yet is their one,
language imperfe@t;and aboue alithey cannot bemen becaufethey haueno Religion, 72279
which (Plefo faithtruely) is proper to. euery man. Befides;their ftature being not paft 5.
fourésor fiuc fpanslong; their life notaboue eight years, and their imitation ofmando ^«--*
plainlj proue themrather tobe apesthen men: and alfo the flatnes oftheir Nofes,their ^, ,— ^
combats.with Cranes.& Partridges for their egges and other circumítances billnoc 0 ren
ve ftand vpon,but follow the defcription ot apes in generall. Apes outwardly refemble mé —
very rbuch;S&Ve/aluus faith thactheir proportion diffreth from mans in moe things then
Gallen obferueth, às inthe Muftles ofthe breaft,and thofe that mouethe armes,thelbow
andthehamslikewifeintheinwardframe of the hand, inthe mufcles mouing the toes of
‘the feetandtlie feet & (houlders; & inthe inftrument mouing the fole ofthefoot; alfo
inthe fundament and meffentaty;thelap oftheliuer;and the hollow vain holdingitvp,
which nien hauenot yet in their face noftrils scares;ey-lids,breafts,armes,thum bs,fin-
B2 gers
Chymera,
The anato~
my of apes.
So
4 T he Hifloryof foure-footed Beaftes.
gers they agree very much. Their haireis very hatfhand fhort, aad therefore hairy in
the vpper part like men, and in theneather part like Beafts : they haue teeth before and
behind like men, hauing around face, and eie-lids aboue and beneath, which other qua-
drupedeshaue not. Politianus faith that the face ofaBull or Lyon is more comly thenthe
faceofan Ape, whichis liker a mans . They hauetwo dugs, their breafts and armes like
men,butrougher,fuch as they vfe to bend asa man doth his foot:fo their hands,fingers
and nayls are like a mans, but ruder and nitnbler, and-nature hauing placed their Dugs in
their breaft, gaue chem armesto ]fttheir yong ones vp to fuckthem. Their feet are proper
and not like mans, hauing the middle one longeft, for they are like great hands, and confift
of fingers like handes , but they are allalike in bigneffe, except that whichis leaftto aman
is greatelt to an Ape, whofe foleis like the hand ut that it is longer, and in the hinder part
itis more fle{hy, (omwhat refemblinga heele, but put backwarditis likea fift.
They vfetheir feet both for going and handling ; the neather parts of their armes,&
their thighes are {horter then the proportion of their elbowes and fhins, they haue no
Navel, but there isa hard thing in that place ;thevpper part of their body is far greater
then the neather like other quadrupedes, confifting ofaproportion between 5. and 3.by rea-
{on whereof they grow out of kind, hauing feet like handes and feete. They liue more
downeward then vpward, like other foure-footed beaftes and they want Buttocks (al-
though Albertus faith, they haue very large ones) they haue no taylelike 2. legeed cre-
atures,or a very fmallfigne therof. The genitallor priny place ofthe female is likeawo- 26
mans, but the males likea dog : their nourifhment goeth more forward then backward,
like the beft horfes, and the Arabian Seraph, which are; higher before then behinde, and
that Ape whofe meate gocth forwardeby reafon ofthe heat of heartand Lyuer is moft
; ike aman, in flanding vpright. Their eies are hollow, and that thing in menis accoun-
ted forafigne of a malitious mind, as little eyes are atoken of a bafe and abie& fpirite,
Menthat haue lowand flat Noftrils are Libidinousas Apes that attempt Women; and
hauing thicke lippes the vpper hanging ouer the neather, they are deemed fooles, like
thelips of Affes and Apes. Albertus faith he faw the heart of a Male-ape hauing two .
tops or íharpe endes,which I know not whethertoterme a wonder or a Monfter. An ape
anda Cathaue afimall backe, and fo hath a weake hearted man; a broad and ftrongback 3€
fignifieth a valiant and magnanimous mind. Thenayles ofan Ape arehalfe round, and
when they are in copulation they bend their Elbowes before them, the finewes ofthevr
hinder ioynts being turned cleane about; but withaman it is otherwife. "The vaines of
r
^
their armes are no otherwife diffe&ted then a mans;jhaüing a very fimall and ridiculous
crooked thumbe, by reafon ofthe Mufcles which come oit ofthe hinder part ofthe leg
intothe middle of the íhin, and the fore-mufcles drawing the legge backeward, they can
io @ notexa&ly fland vpright,andtherefore they run and ftand, likea man that countetfai-
teth alame mans halung. 3 od ,eerteowesisG ossis N |
The difpos- . ; And asthe body ofan Apeis ridiculous by. reafon of an indecent likeneffe and imita-
pofi- «. m aer EIL
tionofapes, tion of man, fois his foule orfpirit for they are kepronly in riche mens houfes to {port 4
_ withall, being for that caufe eafilie tamed, followmg euery aGionhefeethdone,euento —
his owne harme without difcretion. A certaine Ape after afhipwracke fwimming to
lande, was feene by a Countrey mari,and thinking him tobe'a man in the water, gaue
-him his hand to faue him, yet inthe meane timeasked him what Countrcy man he was,
" who anfwered he was an 4thenian: well, faidethe man; Dooft thouknow Piraus (which
.wasaPortin Athens ) very wellfaide the Ape, and hiswife, friends and childrefi, where-
Placesof at the man being moued did what he couldtodrownehim: Th ey keep for the moft part
theirabode, -in Caues and hollow places of hils, in rocks and trees, feeding vpon Applesand Nuts,
Food of apes but ifthey finde any bitterneffe inthe (hell, they caftallaway: ‘They eate Liceand pick
"them out of heads and garments. "They will drinke wine till they be drunke, but ifthey 5o
drinkitoftthey grow not great,fpecially they lofe their nails as other Quadrupedes do.
.. X hey arebeft contented to fit alofe;althoughtyed with chaynes: «They are taken by
'.. laying for them fhoos and other things, for they which huntthemwill anoint their eyes
with waterin their prefence, and fo departing, leaue a pot of Lyme or H ony in ftead of
Themanner the Water 5whichthe Ape efpying; commeth and annointethher eyes therewithandfo ^
oftaking aps -being not able tofee, doththe hunter take her. Ifthey lay (hooes they are leadenones,
coo
" . UT ee ee
Se dem ee Pe I MEET —— a cca T E Wu oom ce
4 Hiftory,
ws Euro e m ha Nc
H
ad >
4
go
to heauy forthem to weare, wherein are made fuch deuifes of Ginnes, that when once
the Apehath put them on, they cannot be gotten off without the help of man : Solike-
wife for little Bags made like Breeches, wherewithall they are deceiued and taken. They
bring forth young ones for the moft part by twins, whereof they loue the one arid hate | Precresuon
theother ;that whichthey loue they beare in their Armes, the other hangeth atthe
dams back;and for the moft part fhe killeth that which fhe loueth, by preffing it to hard:
afterward, fhe fetteth her whole delight vpon the other.
The Egyptians when they difcribe a father leauing his inheritance to hisfonne that he
Joueth not, picturean Ape with hir young one vpon her backe. The male and female
10 abide with the young one, and if it want anything, the mate with fiftand irefull afpc&
punifheth the female. When the Moone is in the wainethey areheauy and forrowful,. Secretes in
which inthat kinde haue tailes ; but they leape and reioyceat the change: for as other
Beafts fo doe thefe, feare the detect ofthe ftarres and planets. They are fullofdiffimu- iier imitsti-
lation, and imitation of man, they readilerfolow the euillthen the goodthey fee. They en.
arc very fierce by nature; and yettamed forget it, but (till remaine fubie&t to madneffe.
"1 hey loue Conies very tenderly, forinEngland an old Ape (fcaríe able to goe) did des héiniasé:
fendtame Conies ftom the Weatell, as Sir Thomas Moore reported. They feare athel q.i; feare
fifth and a fnaile very greatly, as appeareth by this Hiftory. ;
, In Rome;acertaine Boy puta fnaile in his hat and came toan Ape, who as he was ac-
20 cuftomed,leapes vpon his fíhoulder and tooke off his hatto kil Life in his head, but efpy-
ing the {naile, it was à wonder tofee with what- haft the Ape leaped from the Boyes
fhoulder, and in trembling manner looked backeto fee ifthe fnaile followed him : alfo
when a fnaile was tied tothe oneend of another Apes chaine,fothat he co uld not chofe Tl
but continually looke vpon it, one cannot imagine how the Ape was tormentedthere- — i .
with, finding no meanes to get from it, caft vp whatfoeuer was in his ftomaeke, and fell |
intoa grieuous feuer tillit was remoued fromthe fnaile, and refrefhed with Wine and
water. Cardane reporteth that itwas an ancient cuftome in former time when a parra- 3" antiquity:
cide was executed, hé was f after he was whipped with bloody ftripes) put intoa facke, i
. withaliue Serpent, a dog, an Ape anda Cocke: by the Serpent was fignified his ex- .
30 treame maliceto mankinde in killing bis father, by the Apethat in the likeneffe of man
he wasa Beaft, by the dog howlike a dog he {parednone,nonot his owne father, and by
of the Ape. | 5
of apes,
their nature. -
a cocke his hatefull pride, and then were they altogether hurld headlong into the Sea. i
That he might be deemed vnworthy of allthe Elements oflife,and other bleffings of a |
nature.
ALyon ruleth
the beafts of the earth, and a Dolphin the beafts of the fea, when the Dol- i
phinis inage and ficknes, (he recouereth by eating afea-ape : and fo the Lyon by eating AN do mida
ape ofthe earth, and therefore the Egiptians painta Lyon eating an ape; to fignifie, a
Icke ofapes. 4 S
mancuring himfelfe. The hart of an ape fod and dried whereof the weight of a groat drunk 1
mE adraught ofítale Hunny, fod in water; called Mellicraton, ftrengthneth the heart, em- Wm
40 boldneth it, and driueth away the pulfe and pufillanimity thereof: fharpeneth ones vnder- |
ftanding, andis foueraigne againft the falling euill.
B 3 ‘THE a
SS n
Se
EK ab f is
—Ó— 2 AIT ALS
6 — The Fiftory of foure-footed Beaftes.
THE MVNKEY.
che name, e He Munkey called in Greeke Cereopizbetos and fo in Latine Cercopithe-
Pea), ows, that is atailed Ape: notto deftinguith it from all other Apes, but
he), from other vulgarand common Apes, forthere be Apes withtayles be-
9) ) We fides a Munkey, but not fooften feene. It is thought of fome that the
Munfter. CE ASU Hebrew Zym fignifieth a Munkey, other Ochim. Efa:13. Babell fhalbe de-
Proved, and the fearefull beafts Lijm [hall ye there, and Ochim [hall fill their boufes. Ny hich 19
Albertus. Ochim, is interpreted Mu nkeys, but not generally wherfore thereisan opinion thatthis
Geniraion kind of Ape is generated ofa wilde-cat very likean Ape, and an Ape, hauing two blacke
ef a monkey Ípottes on the cheekes , along taile, and blacke at the end thereof, it is called of tlie 7-
taltans, Gatto mainone, ofthe French Marmot of Marmona : that isthe Ape ofa male; for
Masis-miona,' Mona fignifiethan Ape, ofthe Germans Meerkatz, that is the cat ofthe fea, ofthe Illiri-
ans Morska,and Koezka, as for Mammoner, itis à beaftleffethenan Apes of the Celts ivis
2e
rf
Inclination Called Abranas.They are very fportful; and giuento imitatetheaGions of met like apes,
of Munkeys, jt being a queftion, whether dogs, Elephants, or Munkeys, haue the moft vnderítan- _
Secretesof aig among Brutes,and as was {aid before, whenthe Moone wayneth, itis lieauye and
Munkeysna- ull, but in thenew Moone, ioccond and pleafant. Betwixt the Mammoners and Apesis 40
Py EM continuall watre, and the Mammonet being the weaker, yetthe wife and craftier créà- :
" turejis much more couragious in fightthenan ape. Thefe Munkeys ofall things moft
The feare of abhorre a crocodile, for at the fight ofthe skin a farre off, it hath bin feene how the fear-
aMunkey, ~ full creature hath runne through fire and water, crying and trembling forthe naturall
dread thereof. : |
ae ^, o, Theyare bred inthe hils of con/tance, in the woods of. Bugiaand Mauritania. Ine£thio-~
The contrey P44) they haue blacke heads, haire like affes, and voices like to other. In Indiathey report
of their abod thatthe Munkeys will climethe moft fteepe and high rockes, and fling ftones at them
and Breed. chat profecute totakethem. When the king of Joga in India for religion goeth on Pil-
grimage, he carrieth with him very many Munkeys, In like fort Munkeysare brought so
from the new found Lands; from cilechut and Prafia : and not farre from Aden acittie of
“Hurt of Mun 474014 is a moft high hill, abounding in thefebealts, who area great hinderance tothe
keys. poote vintagers of the countrey ofealechut,for they will climbeinto the high palm trees,
and breaking the veffels fet to receiue the Wine, poure forth that lickquor they findein
them:they will eat hearbes and graine, and ears of graffe, going togither in great flocks,
whereoftone euer watcheth at the vtmoft bounds of their campe, that he may crye out
mica.
when
b
fs
NE^ 4
Of the (Cepus. a 7
when the husbandman commerh, and then al flying and leaping into the nexttreesefcape
away : the females carry their young ones about with them on theit fhoulders, and with
that burdenleapefromtreetotree. E onim geil evt one |
Therebe of this kind of Munkeys two forts;one greater the other leffer, as is accounted Piuerfities of
in England and Munkeys are in like fort fo divided, that there be in all fourc kinds differing Munkeyse
in idm whereofthe leaft islittlebiggerthena (quitrell, and becaufe of their marucilous
and diuers mowings, mouings, voices; and geftures, the Engli
{uch Hiftrionical es a Monks. cens * és à | 5 Vins Er
| - "The oncly difference betwixt thefe and other Apesaforefaide, is their taile; they differ Sofimss.
| xo from men in their Nerues, in the ioynts of their loynes, and their proceffes,and they want Their snato=
| the thirde mufcle moouing the fingers of their handes. 2apmenets arc lefle then an Ape, 77 DIN Y
|. brown onthe back, and white on the belly, hauing a long and hairy taile, his neck almoft fo rd
| . - bigashisbody,for which caufe they are tied by the hips that they flip notcollr.Theyhaue — ' ics
| a round head, a face like a man, but blacke and bald on the crowne; bis nofe in a reafonable
diftance from his mouth like a mans, and not continued like an Apes, his ftones preenifh
_blewlikea Turkey ftone. They arecaught after the manner of Apes, and being tamed and
taught, they conceiue and worke very admirable feats,and their skins pulled off them being
deadare dreffedfor garments. The foolith Arabjans dedicated Memmontus cercopithecus
vntoheauen, and inall afdi&ions implored his aide. Thereis one othet kind of Mun- F^.
29 keys, whole taileis onely hairy atthe tip called corcolipes.: another kind
THE CEPVS OR
Martine Munkey.
HE Martine -called
M, epus of the Grecke
4o. . worde , Kepos which
Ariftotle writeth Xebos,and
fome tranflate Cebus, {ome
- Cephus or Cepphus or more
barbaroully celphws, the la-
| ^ xinesíometimes Orfss, for
indeede this kinde of ape
in his beft eftate is like *
a garden fet with diuers flo-
wers; and therefore the beft
kinde of them is difcerned
and known by the fweeteft
{auour, {uch being alwayes
the moft ingenious imita-
"tors ofmen. Itis very pro-
bable that this name. cepus
“is deriued ofthe Hebrewe Ex.
Kaph and Kophin fignifying NC 7
apes in general,as is before. ' (7
faid, but yet this andis de-.—
ftinguifhed from other by £——— —-
rabo, A lianus and. Pliny : ——=
although Ariftotle doeth af ee | jx
The names.
Dieda 7 ^ f |
Siculus. i |
40
2» Zz! | I
YY yg YI 9 mod
> m
= "m
UT |
50
. make no difference betwixt ~
this and another ordinarie
Munkey. : A 6.
The games of great Pompey ficft of. allbrought thefe Martines to the fight of theRo- | |
| | mains |
x
1 I 1
)
Mil
\\
<n,
i (d n | i B T be Hifloryof foure-footed Beaftes.
io ov ni Pliny. maines, and afterward Rome faw no more; they ar the fame whichare brought out of
phe ite Oe lI im deor. Et bropia, and the fartheft Arabia, their fect and knecs being like a mans, and their fore-
—— Wr Martins. feet like hands, their inward parts likea mans, fothatfome haue doubted whatkinde of
creature this {nould be, which isin parta man; and yeta Foute-footed beatt : it hauing
Maen ‘ i E noi: afacelikea Lyon, and fome part ofthe body likea Panther, beingas big asa wilde goate
c c Em MUT Si»alo! ot Roe-bucke, or asone ofthe dogs of Erithrea anda longtaile, the which fuch of them:
|. n n Their anato- as haue tafted fleth willeat fromtheir owne bodies. Concerning their coulor, howfo-
OS e 3 m C I "a cuerthey are not allalike, for fome are blacke with white {pots, hauinga greater voyce
or ie i Scalger, then others, fome yellow; fome Lyon-tauny,fome golden yellow,and fome cole-black :
re WM pr. yet for the moft part, the headand backe parts to the taile, are ofa fiery color,with fome yo
a. Their color. golden hairafperfed among the refidue, a white fnowt, andcertain golden ftrakeslikea
dit collar going about the necke, the infetior parts ofthe necke downe to the breft andthe
HOMME Dual cline — forefoot are white, their two dugs as bigas amans hand can gripe, are of ablewifh cou-
—.— — E n : lor, and their belly white, their hinder legs blacke, and the (ape of their fnowtlikea Cy-
Sei aa ee hi nocephale, which m ay be the difference betwixt El/anzs and Strabo, their cepus,.and Ari-
Cy. ftotles Cebus, for nature many times bringeth forth like beafts which are not of the fame
kind. In England therewas a Martine that had his backeand fides of a green coulor, ha-
uing heere and their white haire, the belly chin and beard(which was round) white,the
face and fhins blacke, and thenofe white, being of the leffer kind, for in bignes it excee-
Their difpo- ded notaco ney. Some of them in e£rhiopia haue aface likea Satyre, and other mem- 2°
Bon. "bers, in partrefembling a Beare, and in part a Dog, fo are the Pra/ian Apes. This Mar-
We tine didthe Babilonians, inhabiting neere Mempbis, for the ftrangenes, the coulor, and
3 |. Wr fhape thereof, worthip for a God. They areofeuill difpofition like Apes, and therefore
B 3 | we willfpare both their pi&ures and further defcription, finding very little of them in
Hiftories worth commemoration.
B The Ape CALITRICH.
M 2: H E Calitrich fo cal-
[| led by reafon of his
^... bearde,and may bee 39
termed in Englifh a bear-.
ded Ape, willliueno other
where then in Ethiopia and
India, which are eafie to
take, but verye harde to
bring away aliue into thefe
countryes. They differ in
appearance from all other
Apes, hauingalong beard
and a large taile, hairyeat 4°
theende, being in ZzZia all
white, which the Indians
hunt with darts; and being
tamed, they arefo apteto
playe, that a man woulde
thinkthey were created for
no other purpofe; where-
uppon the Grecians vfein
prouerbe, an ape hauinge
abeard;foraridiculous and 59-
foolifhicfting man,
ehe name.
n
RS
aa n TREE EE
| their partes
and coulor.
'Albertsese
—————— —
»
-
la NS
| je Á AN
|
AWS RS |
| ANS ce NE Gy,
| NWS P»
| Xe tout p : N
BNET Peay
I — UMS Seu |
A
MUS H
Y ,
AE NGA
MM Pdl
7 fi Ils
EZ
hp EY
» p»?
tion, doing no harme to any thing.
alongertaile, by rowling ouer and ouer three or
fouretimes togither taketh fuch ftrength, that
he leapeth from bough to bough, & tree totree,
asifhe flew. An archer of that Sea-voyage hurt
one of them with an arrowe, the wounded Beatt
4o prefently leapethtothe ground andfetteth vpon
the archer, as fiercely.asa mad Dogge ; hedrew
his fworde and fttucke off one of his armes, and
fo atlaft with much adotooke the maimed beaft,
who being brought tothe Nauy,andacuftomed
tothe fociety of men, began by little and littleto
|^ waxe tame... eM
While he was inthe (hip bound with chaines,
other ofthe company hauing been on land to fo-
rage,brought out ofthe Marifhes a Bore, which
50 Borewasfhewedto the Munkey;at the firft fight
either of other they fet vp their briftles, the rage
ing Munkey Icapeth vpon the Bore,and winding
his taile round about the Boare, with the one
armehehadleft, caught fuch fafte holde by his
throte, thatatlength he ftifled him. s
ere
Peter Martyr tellech this ftory of oncof thefe, D
that he being like toa great Munkcey but hauing °
Of the Prafyan Apes. 9
Egafthenes(faith /£-
lianus and. Strabo)
writeth of Apes in +) eeu
Prafia aRegionin /XD/4, bianca M
which are noe leffe than
great Dogges, and fiue cu-
bits high,hauing hayte like
a man comming foorth of
their forhead and beardes,
being altogither white ex-
cepttheir tayles, which are
two cubits and a halfe long
very like a Lyons: and vn-
to a fimple man it myght
fceme , that their tüftes of
hayre wereartificially trim-
<= med, thoughit grow natu
rally. Their beard is much
like vnto a Satyres, andal-
though their body be whit,
yetis their head andtyp of
their tayle yellowe, fothat
the Martines before menti-
oned,feemetobeaffiaanced |, —
vnto thefe. Thefe Pra/yan (oap en ;
jo : "lace oftheir
apes liue in Mountaines Bo shade:
. Woodes, and yet are they
not wilde, but fo tame that
. oftentimes in great multitudes they come downe tothe Gatesand fuburbs of Latagis,
. $0 where the King commandeth them daily fodden Rice for their food, which they cat; gp Their food,
being filled returne again to their home and vfu
all places of harbour in great modera-
ib. 4. Oceans
Decad 3.
Pet. Martyr.
The hatred
of theíe apes
nn
{
ET
ES
h
ILI cl ee =u ee T = Se ee
LS 2S SSS ee ee Se ee eue ee ee e a — = =
fot a ERE E pndnr- icem aad n Digi ai capta: (Oe ^ «il
ca IT TTE Ag ette > ——— -
E YAT ipe, 2
NATO le ‘Pome
Io T he Hifloryof foure-footed Beaffer.
There is another kind of Munkey, for ftature, bigneffe and fhape likea man , for by
hisknees, fecret parts, and face, you would iudge him awilde man,fuchas inhabit Ni-
*midtaandthe Lapones fot heis altogither ouergrowne with hayre; no creature except a
Hisleu. man can ftand folong as he,he loueth women and children dearly, like other of. his own
kind, andis fo venerious that he willatte mptto rauifh women, whofe Imageis inthe
former Page defcribed, as it was taken forth ofthe booke of the defcriptionof theholy
Land. i^ :
IHE CYNOCEPHALE OR Saboun, i
te
30
a Ynocephales, are akinde of A pes whofe heads are like Dogges, and
314733? their other parts likea mans} Wherefore’ Gazjr tranflateth then Ca.
Ariftotle, y mitipites, that is : Dog-heads: Inthe Fregcb; Germain, and Wyrian
Pliny. , tongues, they are called of fome Babion, and in Italian, Babuino fio-
Defeription 9 nifieth a fmallkindé of Ape: bit Ariftotle faith, thata Cynocephaleis
’ biggerthen an Ape. In Englifh they arécalled Baboons.
3 _ Thereare many kinds of Baboons, whereof fome are much giuen
to fifhing, fo thag they will tarry a whole day inthe deepe hunting for fifh,andat length 4e
come forth with a great multitude. Againe,theteare fome thatabhorre fithe, (as Orus ©.
faith J which kind the EgyptionsEmblematically vfe to paint, whenthey will difcipher a
The induftry Sacrifice. Somethere arewhich are ableto write; and naturally to difcerne Letters .
of Babouns. wpichkindétheolde Egyptian Prieftes bring into their Temples; and at their fir en-
trance, the Prieft bringeth hia writing Table, à penfill and Inke, thatfo by feeitig him
write, he may make triallwhether he be of the tight kind, andthe beaft quickly fheweth
Arrianus. *
=a
Prefter Tohn
ad Rom.pout.
Own. his skill: wherefore in aüncienttime they were dedicated to Mercury, the faigned God
of learning. / ra d" 7
4 fecret in The reafon why the Egyptians doe nourifh them am ongft their hallowed thingesis,
their Nature, tha
t bythem they may know the time of the coniun@ion betwixt the Sunneand Moon;
becaufe the natureof this beattis, to hauea kind of feeling ofthat coniunction;for after
that thefe two fignes meet;the Male-Baboon neither will looke Vp or eat; but cafthis eies
to the ground, as it were lamenting the rauifnmentof the Mbone with difdainefull paf-
fion : Inlikemaner the female, who moreouer at that time, fendeth foorth bloud out of
. her wombe of conception, whereupon the Egyptians fignifie by a Baboon the Moone,
the rifing of the Moon by his ftanding vpright, holding his hands vp toward heauen;&
wea-
5°
N "Ae *.
MO
ce vlr
SEA
Os
of the Baboun. 1i
. wearing a Crowne on his head, becaufe with fuch geftures doth thatbeaft eonptatulate
herfirftappearancee . allied VERS in JA
Another caufe why they bring them intotheir Temples, is becaufe ofthe holyneffe |
of circumcifion;for it is mofttruef though ftrange) thacthey are brought forth circum- Circimeifion
cifed, atthe leaftwife infome appearance; wherevnto the Pricíts giue great heedtoac- boons, —
complifh and fini(h the workebegün. TheEgyptíans alfo paint a Baboon fitting , to fig- Ora.
nifiethe Equinoctium, for in euery Equinoctium they barke or howle tweluetimes in one
day,andío many times make water : wherefore the Egyptians alfo vpon theyr Aydrolo-
"ies or Conduits did grauc a Baboon, out of whofe yard or priuy part yffued forth water,
sd they alfo report, that this Beaft fonourifhed among their holy thinges; diethnot at
once like other Beafts, buteuery day one part by the fpace of 72. dayes (the obeepars —
remaining in perfection ofnatute)which the Priefts take and putin the catch day by day, ^ Wonde#
till all perifh and be confumed. — : ^ On.
—— "Lhe Weft region of Lybta and Ethyopia haue great ftore of Cynocephals, Baboons, and:
Acephals, beafts without a head, whofe eies and mouth are in their Breafts. Inlyke fort: Fferodotus.
in Arabia, from Dira fouthward ina promontorie, thete are many Bábeons and in the Counirey of
continent called Dacbimabides beyond Barygaza ,andthe eaflern mountaines ofthe Me- 5,77,
diterranean region, and thofe which Apolloniws {aw betwixt the rivers Ganges and Hypha- V Avrgui,
fis feemeto be of this fort,in that he defcribeth them to be blacke haird,Dog-faced,and |
4o like little men: wherewithale/£//4sss fcemethto be deceiued, in faying, that there are
men Cypoprofopei , Dog-faced, whereas it isthe crror of vulgar people, tothinke that
Babeunsare men, differingonely in the face or vifage. ! | |
Concerning their members or parts in feueral,they are black and haity,rough skinned, Lie anatos
red and bright eyes, along Dogges face, and teeth ftrongerand longer then Dogges : pile
the face ofa Lyon muft not be attributed tothis beaft, nor yet aSatyres, though it bee
morelike. It hathagrimand fearefull face, andthe female hath naturally her wombe
caft out of her body, andfo fhe bearethit aboutallher lifelong: their voyee isa fhtill
whizing, for they cannot fpeake,& yet they vnderftandthe India language,vnder their Theitroyce-
__ beardthiey haue a chin growing like a Serpents, and bearding about the lips like a Dra- vela,
$6 gonstheir handsarearmed with moft ftronge nailes, and fharpe, they are very fwiftof
foot, and hardto be taken; wherefore they willrun to the waters whenthey are hunted, — |
beingnot ignorant that among waters they are moft hardly taken, they are very fierce
and aGtiuein leaping, biting deep and eage rly where they lay hold, neither dothey euer
growe fotame, but that they remaine furious alfo. They loue and nourith fheepe and
Goates, and drink their milk, they know howto take the kernels,out of Almonds, Wal- their oue
nuts and Nits, as welas men, finding the meat within, thoughthe fhel be vnprofitable: and food
they willalfo drinke wine and eat fleth, fod, tofted;or delicioufly dreffed, andthey will — |,
cat Venifon, whichthey by inen of their fwiftnes take eafily, and hauing taken it teare ee reet
it in peeces and roftitinthe y
Another
fecret,
un, they can fwim fafely ouer any waters, and therefore a- ming.
46 mongthe Egiptians they fignific fwimming: !
They are cuill mafinered and natured,wherfore they are alfo pidtutd to fignifie wrath, x i Saal
they atefovnapefable.The Latins vfe them adie&iuely to fignifie any angry, ftubborn,
froward, or rauening man. ‘They will imitate all humaine aGtions,louing wonderfully to Their loue
weare garments, and of their owne accord they cloth themfelues inthe skinnes of wilde Tons
beaftsthey hauekilled, they are as luftfull and Venereous as goats, attempting to defile
all forts of women, and yetthey loue little children, and their females will fuffer them
tofacketheir brefts if they beheld tothem,and fome fay they will fucke womens brefts
[ke little children. There was fuch a beaft brought to the Frenchkitig, his heade being
likea Dogs, andhis other parts likea mans, haninglegs, handsand Armes naked likea
go mans, and a white necke, he did eatefodde fic(hifo mannerly and modeftly, taking his .4Hiftory.
meat in his handes, and putting itto his mouth, that any man woulde thinke hehad vn- Divos
derftood humain conditions : he ftood vprightlikea man, and fatedowüelikea man.He — '
difcerned men and wornen afünder, and aboue allloued the companic of women, and
young maidens, his genitall member was greater then might march the quantitie of his
other parts : he being moued to wrath, would rage anid fet vpon men, but being, pacifi-
ed,behaued himfelfcas meekly and gently as aman ,andwas oucrcome with A s
ewing.
in perticular.
áz T be Hifloryof foure-footed Beaftes.
Chewing hirnfelfe well pleafed with thofe that fport with: him. "The Xomades; peoplé of
e£thyopia,and thenations of Menitimori liue vpon themilke of cynocephals,keeping great:
ü hear ds ofthem,& killing all the males, except fomie few preferued for procteations ^ — —
E "Tl fiie oig Sia Vo STIS AG. MIGOS FO Tom 2i , ionsauy i0
sr " 1
bade t
of calléda Tartarine, and infome >
pláces a Magot , (imuchlyke a...
Baboun, as appeareth by his naturall
circumcifion) beeing. asgteat asia - (Ae
> Grey-hound, & walked for the moft.....N
part ontwolegs, being clothed with
afouldiers coat, and afword girded. ,
to his fide, fo that the moft parte
thought him. to be fome Monfter-
little-man , for being commaunded
to his kennell, he would go and tarry
there all night , and inthe day time...
/'* walke abroade to befeene of euery
yj be Beats
man:Itwas doubrfull whether hee... b 9e LOT |
were of the Munkey kind, orthe 24- \ 1 iy a ( ? M
boon, his voice was likethe fqueekiug-. Bm. lili Ne Tet e
ofaMoufe, but his afpe&and coun- | SSSI SEAT TN *
tenance was fierce, truculent, and . | SSeS AR) NS
'fearefull, as his imageisheeredifci-... _.. ALTES = Sey
phéred. 2:2: uito " rii fomite ber T E 39
ond oa woreda — AE
E d Cynocephall ot Baboun-Apes haue giuen occafion to
fome to imagine (though falfly) there were fuch men, fo
Superflitrons.
Milonis the Satyres a moft rare and feldome feene Beaft, hath oc-
tyres, cafioned other to thinke it was a Deuill; and the Poets with 40
their Apes, the Painters, Limmers, and Caruers, to en-
creafe that fuperftition, haue therefore defcribed him with
hornes on his head, and feete like Goats, whereas Satyres
haue neither of both. And itmay bethatDeuils haue at
fome time appeared to menin this likenes, as they haue
done inthe likenes of the Onocentaureand wilde Affe, and
other fnapes, it being alfo probable, that Deuils take not any denomination or fhape
from Saryres, butrather the Apes themfelues from Deuils whome they refemble, for
thereare many thingscommon tothe Satyre-apes and deuilith Satyres,as their human
{hape, their abode in folitary places, their rough-hayre, and luftto women, wherewith- go
all other Apes arenaturally infected : but efpecially Satyres. Whereforethe. auncient
Grecians conie&turetheir name to be deriued as it were of Stathes, fignifying the yarde
or virile member : and it is certaine that the deuils haue exercifed their preeftigious luft,
Theirname. orrathertheir imagination of luft vpon mankind, whereof commeth that diftin&ion of
Fat, thatfomeare Incubidefilers of Women, and fome Succubi defiled by men: Per- . -
aduenture thename of Satyre is more fitly deriuéd from the hebrew Sair.Efa.34.where-
of
Visi. Lave eo aera E - db tape Eh te oiu s li)
prae b SE OE ORL NE Rae | oh e
: D e ji Iw T8. »
of the Satyre. 13
of the plurall is feirizz,; Efa.13. whichis interpreted monfters of the Defart, or rough
- hairy Fawnes sand when i/stm is put to feir , it fignifieth Goats. tm $
The Chaldeans for feirim vender febedin s that is, euill deuils : and the Arabians lefeja-
thin, that is fatanas : the Perfyans Dewan,the Illyryans Deuadai and Dewas : the Germans.
Teufel. They which paffed through the worldand exercifed dauncing and other {ports
for Dionifivs were called Satyres, and fometimes Tytir7, becaufe of their wanton fonges;
fometimes Sélent(although He li fos
the difference is, that the
fimaller and younger beatts
to arecalled Satiri, the elder
and greater Silent : ) Alfo
Bacche and Nympha, where-
fore Bacchus 1s pictured ri-
dingin à chariot of Vine- RSS N ws
branches , Silenus ridinge T a wir NE: Ea Li
Bia || WWE 2 DON
befide himonan Affe,and i PA UW’. Se Nen Gyraldsis.
the Bacche ot Satyres fha- £ vt N e. een X
king togither their ftaulkie j^ i &- 2e
lauelines and Paulmers.By 1 AER
20 reafon of their leaping they
are caled Seirti, and the an-
ticke or fatyricall dauncing
ficinnis, and they alfo fom-
times /icinnifie; fomtimes |
eA gipane: wherefore Pliny
reporteth, that among the
wefterne Ethiopians , there
are certaine little hilles full IS
ofthe S«tirique -£gipane, j
$9 andthat in the night time i
they vfe great fires, piping 2 ——————
and danfing, with awonder == ===
full noife of Tymbrels and ~ PII
cymbals : and fo alfo in At- Yu na1e9quqs 2t
Grapaldus
las amongeft the Moores, whereof there was no footing; remnaht, or appearanceto be
found in the day time. On Hwee? sbnsg ti Crees ©
The Satyres are in the Iflands Satirtdewhich are three in number {tanding right ouer Prol:2,7.
againft India on the farther fide of Ganges; of which Euphemus Car tehearfeth this hifto- Countries of
ry : that when he fayledinto Italy,bythe tage of winde and euill weather they were dri- oe
4o uen toa coaft vnnauigable; where were many defart Iflandes inbabited of wilde men, .
andthe Marrinersretufedto landvpon fome Iflanas, having heretofore had triall of the
inhumaineand vnciuill behauiour of the inhabitants 3 fothat they brought vs to the /a-
tirian Iflands, where we faw the inhabitants red; and hadtayles ioyned to their back not
muchleffethen horffes. Thefe,being perceiuedby the Marriners to runto the fhippes
and lay holdonthe women that were inthem, the fhip-men forfeate,tooke one of the Theirluftfall
Barbarian women and fet her on the land among them, whom ia moft odious and filthy difpotition.
- maner they abufed, not onely in that partthat nature bath ordained, but over the whole
‘body mott libidinoufly, whereby they found them to beverybruitbeafts. «©
Thereare alfo Satzres in the Eaftern mountaines of India, in the country ofthe Carta-
go duli,and in the prouince ofthe Comariand corude, bütthe Cebi fpoken of before bred in
Ethiopia, are not Satyres (thou gh faced like them : )nor the Pra/yan Apes, which refem-
ble Satyres in fhort beards. Thereare many kindes of thefe Satyres better diltingui- pinerfitie of
fhed by names then any properties naturall known vnto vs. Suchare the-£¢ipane befor kindes, ,..-
declared, Nymphes of the Poets; Fawnes, pan Sc fileni which in time of the Gentiles were
worfhippedfor gods; andit was onc part of their religion, to fet vp the picture ofaSa- P/»y
tyre attheir dores and gates, for a remedy againft the bewirching of enuious prp
the
Phiny
Paul.vener,
RET m
a.
|
|
H
sh
1
Trani irt
ty
Hal
oat tite
Ti
T d
E Wi
An
B
del
D
4
we T
rt iat
SAI:
n5.
mna
PR
]
il
2 tal
1r
Y
P
er
(EM
[E qui
Th
J^
b
e.
nee
FI
i
je
h
"
LE
i-r
1
d
d
Tori
T
|
on.
ey
ey
ars
ay
VEDI
e
Lm
Pré
rel
Pi
Jj
Un
J
Hermolaus.
2 Haye
Refemblance
ot Satyres.
Their proui-
fion of food.
Theis taklng
Yaming of
Satyies
T he Hiftory of foure-footed Beaffes.
the ftatué of Priapus inthe agalma of a Satyre in their gardens : for which caufe, weread
of many pictures made of Satyres. Amtipbilus made a very noble one in a Panthers skin,
calling tt 4pofcopom that is, Iri-faced.. Another Painter of Ariffides, painted it crowned
with a drinking cup, figniftyng therby the beaftlines of drunkards. Miroz had one pain-
ted hearing and admiring pipes, and another called Perzbeetos at Athens, as is reported,
and that Praxitelss was wonderfully in loue therewith; wherupon beeirig at fupper wich
Phryne the noble harlot, who had begged of him the beft piece of worke he had ,confen-
ted, with this condition, that he would not tell hir which he loued bett: wherupon thee,
to fatisfie hirfelfe, priuily fuborned one of his flanes,tocome in at {upper time, and tell
him his houfe and moft of his goods were burned, whereat being amazed, demanded if
Cupid and the Satyre were fate, by which {ne knew the beft peece, and asked cupid, refu-
fing the Satyre. Protogenes had one painted holding pipes in his hande, and was called
Anopanomenos: ad Timantheshad painted cyclops fleeping ina little tablet, with Satyres
ftanding befrde him,meafuring witha iauelyn the length of histhumbe. |
Satyres haueno humain conditions in them, nor other refemblance of men befide
their outward thape : though Sa/zwi fpeake ofthem likeas of men. They cary their meat
vndet their chin as ina ftore-houfe, and from thence being hungry they cake it forthto
cate, making it ordinary withthem euery day which is but annuall in the Formic. lions;
1d
being of very vnquiet motioits aboue other Apes. They arehardly taken, except ficke; :
great with yong, old, or afleepe: for Sy/ahad a Satyre brought him which was taken a
{leepe neere Apollonia, in the holy place Nympheum, of whom he(by diuers interpreters
demanded many queftions,but reeciued no anfwer, faue only a voice much likethe nei-
yng ofa horfe,wherofhe being afraid fent him away aliue. PAi/offratus teleth another hi-
ftory, how that 4polonius and his colleagues {upping ina village of Ethiopic beyond the
, fall of 2@lus they heardafudden outcry of women calling toone another; fome faying,
Take him, others,Follow him : \ikewife prouoking their husbands to helpethem :the men
prefently tooke clubs, ftones, or what came firit to hand, complaining ofan iniury don.
vito their Wiues. Now fome ten moneths before there had appeared a fearfull fhew of
a Satyre;faging vpon their women, and had flaintwo of them, with whom he was in lou:
the companions of Apollonius quaked at the hearing hereof, and Nilus one of them {ware
(by fone) that they being naked and vnarmed, could notbe able to refift him in his out-
ragious luft, butthat he wouldaccomplith his wantonnes as before : yet {aid Apollonius,
there is aremedy to quaile thefe wantonsleaping beafts, which men fay Midas vied (for
Midas was of kindred to Satyres, as appeared by his eares.) This Midas heard his mother
fay, that Satyres louedtobe drunke with. wine, and then fleep foundly, and after that be
fo moderat, mild and gentle, that aman would thinke they had loft their firft nature.
/"NNhervponhe putwineintoa fountain neere the high-way, whereof when the Satyre
ie
39
. hadtaftedlie waxed mecke. fuddenly, and was ouercome. Now, thatwethinke not this
Panfanias.
Macrobins.
afable (faith Apollonius ) let vs goto the gouernor ofthe Towne,and inquire of him whe-
ther there be atiy wine to be had that we may offer it to the Satyre, wherunto all confen-
ted, &theyfilled foure great Egyptian earthen veflels with wine and put it into the foun-
tain where their cattel were watred: this don. Apollonius called the Satyre fecretly thret-
“ning him, and the Satyte inraged with the faueur ofthe wine cames after he had drunke
thereof, Now faid Apollentus, let vs facrifice tothe Satyre for he íleepeth, andfoled the
inhabitants to thedens ofthe Nymphes, diftant afurlong from the towne and thewed thé
"the Satyre, faying s Neither beat,curfle,or prouoke him henceforth, and he fhall neuer
"harme you. It is certaine, that the deuils do many waies delude men in thelikenes of Sa-
tyres, for when the drunken feafts of Bacchus were yearely celebrated in Parza//us there
were many fightes of Satyres, and voyces,and founding of cymbals heard : yet is it like-
ly that there aremenalfo like Satyres inhabiting in fome defart places 5 for S. Jeromin
the life of Paul the Eremite, reporteththereappeared to S. Antony an Hippot-ntaure {uch
MenlikeSa- a5 the Poets defcribe and prefently he faw in arocky valley adioining, alitle man hauing
tytes
-erokednoftrils, hornes growing out of his forhed, and the neather part ofhis body had
Goats feet: the holy man not difmay ed, taking the fhield of faith, and the breaft-plate
"of righteoufneffe, like agood fouldior of Chrift, preafed toward him, which brought
him fome fruites of palmes as pledges of his peace, vpon which he fedin the iourney 5
| | which
pru e daa ur M
E ! HOLT
40
$9
of the Satyre, 15
which faint Anthony perceiving, he asked iin who he was, andreceiued this anfwere $
Jama mortall creature, one of the inhabitants of this Defart, whome the Gentiles de-
ceiuedwitherror) doe worfhip and call Fann/,Satyres, and Incubi : Iani come inambaf-
fage from our flocke, intreating that thou wouldft pray for vs vnto thecommon GOD,
who came to faue the world : the which words were nofooner ended, but he ran away
as faftas any foule could fy: And leaftthis fhould feemefalfe, vnder Conftantineat A-
lexandria, there was fucha manto bé feene.aliue,and was a publike fpeétacleto allthe - CAs
Worldsthe carcaffe whereof after his death was kept from corruption by heat,through
fal, and wás cariédto.À n vro ciu « thatthe Emperor himfelfemightfeeit. — 6 2
1e | Satyresare very fildome feene, and taken with great difficulty as is before faide: for Aer.
there were twoof.thofe founde in the woods of Saxony towatds Dacia, inadefart; the ve Serial.
femalewhereof was killed by the darts of the hunters, andthe biting of Dogs, but the taken.
male was taken aliue,beinginthe vpper parts like aman, and in the neather pariesdikea sj 2-027
Goat; butall hairy throughout : he was brought te be tame, and learned.to. go-vpright, a!
and alfotofpeake fome wordes, but with avoicelikea Goa, and without all reafon: he
was exceeding luftfull to women, attempting to rauifh. many of what condition foeuer
they were, and of this kinde there are {tore in Erhiepia« d 5rd sd sil
E t
LATS?
28
THE FIGVRE OF ANOTHER i d
fe MONSTER.
y goal |
HE famous learned man George Fabricius, (hewed methis ee li |
(nape ofa monftrous beatt tha. is ficto be royined to the fto- + Satyr D |
A of Satyres. There was ( {aide he ) inthe territory of the ^^ 7 ^ ü i
Bifhop of Salceburgh, inafotrett called Fannesbergh,acet- — 7 7 RM
50 taine foure-footed beaft, of a yellowifh-carna ion colours ciu and i /
but fo wilde that he would neuer be drawne to looke vppon nature. M
any man; hiding himfelfe in the darkett places;dndbeeing — pu
watched diligently, would not be prouoked to come forth \ ,
Y\\omuchas to eate his meate, fo that in a very (hort time it 1M UM
9| was famithed. Thehincer legs were much valike die for- a
mer, and alfo much longer» It was taken about tlie year of che Lord, one tho ufad, fiue hi
| todas Cz | "T hüb- T]
hu
BENG eee SSS T
ee a Ee Sees
16 T he Biftory of foure-footed Beaftes.
hundred thirty, whofe image being herefo liuely defcribed, may faue vs further labour
1
: in difcourfing of his maine and different parts and proportion.
OF THE NORVEGIAN. .
| ! M QS dy v bhowodi sis! o: ors ita
Heit. Beet, [[aesaacee =| Henascertaine Ambaffadors were fent from James the fourth of that
QAO nameking of Scotland, among whom was James: Oeill chatfamousf, cho-
o3 ler of the Vniuerfitie of abberdoz, they nofoonertooke fhippirig ahd
Vis: hoyfted fayle but there fodainly arofe {uch atémpeftiiousftorme,that
yx they were driuen to the coaftsof Norway: : andthere going on fhore,
—— they were very flrangely affrighted, to fee (as tó them it appeared)
certaine wild, monftrous-men, running onthe tops ofthe mountaines. Afterward,they
Menfters ik -weretold by the inhabitants that they were beafts (andnor men }which didbeare mor-
pe tallhatredto mankind, although they could not abidethe prefence of a manscounte-
Hatredto hance, yet in darke nights, when thereuerent vilage ofhumaine creatures are couered,
mankind — they will come downe by troopes vpon the villages, and except the barking of dogges
driue chem backe they breake open dores, and entet houfes, killing and deuouring who
foeuer they find ; for their ftrength is fo vnrefiftable and great, that they can pull vp by
the rootes a tree of meane ftature, and tearing the boughes from the bodye, with the
The great
10
frength of {tocke or ftem thereof they fight one with anothér:*WVhich when the Ambaffad. heard, ??
thefebeafts, they caufed afure watch to be keptall night, and withallmade- exceeding great fires,and
when the light appeared, they tooke their farwell of thofe Montter-breeding-fhores,re-
couering with ioy the courfe which beforethey had loft by tempeft. —
30
Of the -£GOP ITHECVS.>" =). ~
* Diuers fhaps X . ; a UM. [ Nderthe Equinotts-
idu, | p vC NA. «lI reward the Eaft &
| aa AL "© fouthiytbereis akind
..1 "of Apecalled /£evpithécus,
canApe like a^Goate. For
/ ', &thereare Apes like Beares,
— oov cs called Ard apitbeci & (ome
. ; i like Lyonis;calléd-Leontope-
The deferip- ~~ thétijandfome like-Dogs,
EA à ES . called Cynocephali; as is be-
S HN E-v-7 WN ^ -" fereexpreffcdsand manye
= Ss Z NO OSS Sh °) ether which have a mixtre-
S 7 NEM ^ Aemblance of other crea-
Xt 7 a \\ turesin their members.
i EZ XC t= ^ “Amongft thereftis therea
| WE We "beatt called P4420 3-who in
| NS NY \ | Das his head, face; horns, legs,
NS ANY \) . and fromthe loynes down-
NS We RN | ; warde refembleth a Goat,
is CN but in his belly, breaft,and
E E) armes, an Ape; fuchaone
n : was fent by che king of /z4j-
Nicephorus | WN yA ansto Conftantine, which |
(alifibins ——7J ee 5 being (hut vp ‘ina Caueor
A quí um Clofe place , by reafon of
nc E Erici n -thewildnel(@theveof lated
ages NEw therebutafeafon, & when
/ it was dead and bowelled,
! $ they pouldred it with {pi-
ces,and carried ittobe feene at Conftantinople : the which beaft hauing beenefeene of
the auncient Grecians, were fo amazed at the ftrangnefle thereof, that they receiued it
for a god,as they did a Satyreand other ftrange beafts. Du. TN Uf
- i edi = —— ; x E
DOO
16
20
$0
qo
than other Apes, fo the Sa- Plinys
tyres and Sphynges aremore
mecke and gentle, for they
are notfo wilde that they will ;
2 Their nature
not bee’ tamed , nor yet fo
tame but they will reuenge
their own harmes : as appea-
red by that which was flayne pr
ina publikefpe&acle among
the 7hebazes . They carrye
their meat inthe ftorehoufes
of their own chaps orchecks, . Mannerof —
, , ‘carrieng their
taking it forth when they are Uer
hungry; and fo eat it : not be-
ing like the Formice, forthat _\, | | 5
Lh i . Nei a Wr mmy.
which is annuallinthem, is — Y yy yp WA
daily and hourely amongeft LL) | =
i) MEE Di, Ss
The name of this Sphynx | tus
: PIRA Ofthe name
istaken from” binding, as ap- ops
peareth by the Greek notati- . thereot
on, or elfe of delicacie and TRE *Hermolaus.
dainty nice * loofneffe, (wherefore there were certain common firumpetscalled Sphin- |... —
* Uarrianus
_ynakea treble-formed monfter, a Maydens face, a Lyons legs, and thewings of afowle,
$0
est Of the Sphinx. i5
OF THE SPHINGA .. | ah
Or SPHINX
HE Sphinx or Sphingais of thekinde of Apes, hauing his
body rough like Apes, but his breaftvp to hisnecke, pilde ,,
and {inooth without hayre:the face is very round yet {aarp pCa $i
yy | and piked, hauing the breafts ofwomen, and their fauor or. The detcrip=
vifage much like them: Inthat part of their body which is, *?»-
bare without haire, thereisa certainered thing rifingin a
round circle like Millet feed, which giueth great grace & .
comelineffe totheir coulour; which in the middle parte is
humaine : Their voice is very like a mans but not artic ulat;.
foundingas if one did fpeake haftily with indignationorfo- «£a».
row. Their haire browne or fwárthy coulour.- They are bred in /z4iaand Erbyopia- In UE MEE x
thepromontory ofthe fartheft 4rabia neere Dira, are Sphinges and certaine Lyonscal "^^
led Forzice, fo likewife they
areto be found amongeft the
Trogladite. Asthe Babouns
& Cynoeephals are more wilde
; Bent-formicat
& « and the Megarian Sphingas,wasa very popular phrafe for notorious harlots ) hath
giuen occafion tothe Poets, to faigne a certaine monfter called Sphynx, which they fay
was thus deriued. Hydra brought foorth the Chimera, Chimera by Orthusthe 5 phinx,
and the Nemean Lyon: now this Orthws was one of Geryons Dogges. This Sphinx they pod.
or as Aufonius and Varinus {ay the face and hand ofa mayde, the body of a Dogge, the eben
winges ofabyrd, the voice ofa man,the clawes of a Lyon, and the tayle of a Dragon: tion "E
and that fhekept continually inthe Sphincian mountaine spropounding to alltrauailers Poets Phinx.
that camte that way ane £mrgma or Riddle, which was this : What was the creature that first iade
of all coeth on foure legges ; afterwards on two, and laftly on three: and all ofthem that could of the Sphinx
not diffolue that Riddle, fhe prefently flew, by taking them and throwing them downe |
headlong, from thetop of aRocke. Ac laft Ocaspus came that way and declared the fe- _
. ¢ 3 Do NEKety
‘The folution
ofthe Riddle
by Oedipus
Palepharus,
The true Hi-
Rory of
Sphinx
Swidat
Meaning this
Poeticall +
Sphinx
T be Hiftory of foure-footed Beaftes.
cret, thar ic (ws a Man) who in his infancy creepeth on al forre,afterward in youth ,goeth up-
right vpon te-volegs, andlaft of alin oldeage taketh unto him a flaffe which maketh him to
qoe as it were on three legss whichthe moniter hearing; fhe prefently threwe downeher
{elfe from the former rocke, and fo fhe ended. Wherevpon Oedipus is taken fora fub-
tilland wife opener of myfteries.
-uButthetrüthis, chat when admes had married an Amazonian woman called Sphynx,
and with her cameto Thebes,and there {lew Draco their King and poffeffed his kingdom,
i" afterward there wasa filter vnto Draco called: Harmonay whom Cadmus married, Sphynx
being yet alive : Shein reuenge(beingaffi(ted by many followers) departed with great
{tore of wealth into the Monntainé S» 11x c1v s,taking with her a grear Dogge which
Cadwzus held in great account, and there made daily incurfions or {poiles vpon his peo-
ple: Now enigma in the Theban-language, fignifieth an inrode or warlike incurfionywher
fore the people complained in this fort; 7/72 Grecian Sphinx robbeth vs, in fetting up-
on with an enigma, but nemanknoweth after what manner [he maketh this emgma.
- Cadmus hereupon madé proclamation,that he would giue a very bo untifull rewarde
vnto him, that wouldkill Sphinx,vpon which occafión the € o&1 nvu1 ^n Oedipus came
vntoher, being mounted ona fwift courfer and accompanied with fome 7/hebans inthe
nightfeafon, flueher. Other fay, that Oedipus by counterfaitingfriend(hippe; flue her;
making fhew to be of her faction sand Pau/anias faith, thatthe tormer Riddle, was not
a Riddle, but an Oracle of pollo, which cadmus had receiued, whereby his pofteritie
fhould beinheritors of the Thebankingdome and whereas Oedipus, being the fonne of
Laits a former king of that countrey, was taught the Oracle in his fleepe, herecouered
the kingdome vfurped by Sphinx his fifter,and afterward ynknowne, married his owne
mother Jecaffa.. But the true morall of this poeticall fiction, is by thatlearned Alciatus
in one of his emblems deciphered, that her monftrous treble-formed-fhape, fignified
her luttfull pleafure vndet a Virgins face; her cruell pride vnder the Lyons clawes, her
winde-dtiuen lenitye vnder the Eagles or birdes feathers, and I will conclude with the
wordes of Suidas concerning fuch monfters, that the Zritons, Sphinges, and centaures,
are the images of thofe things, which are not to bee founde within the compaffe of the
wholeworld. mg c. E |
Thetrue Sphinx fitft defcribed, is ofa fiercethough a tameable nature, and if aman
doe firft of all perceine or difcerne ofthefe naturall Sphinges, before the beaft difcerne
The nitüreof Or perceiue the man,he fhall be fafe ; but ithe beaft firft defcrie the man, then is it mor-
the Sphinx talltothe man. Thefe Sphingeswere of great account for their ftrangeneffe : with their
Suetortiif,
The vie of
Sphinges.
Herodotus «
Paufania.
image did Augu/tusfigne all his grauntes, libels, and Epiftles - afterward heelefte that,
and figned with the Image of Alexander the great, and laft of all with his owne. Syelis
the king in the citty of the Boriflhenites had a faire houfe, about which there were /phiz-
gesand Gryphins wrought out of white ftone. At Athens, in the Temple Parthenona,there
is defcribed the contention betwixt Pallas and Neptune, about the earth, and the image
- of Pallas made of Yuory and gold, hath in the midft of hir fhield the pi@ure ofa fphinx.
Herodotus
Amafisthe king of Egypt, built inthe porch of Pallas ,an admirable worke called Sas:
where he placedfuch great coloffes awd Andro-fphinges, that it was afterwardfuppofed he
was buried therein, and was lively tobe feene imputrible. To conclude, the Egyptians
in the porches of their Temples painted.a Sphinx, wherby they infinuated that their di-
nine wifdome was but darke and vncertain;and fo couered with fables, that there fcarce
appearedin itany fparkles or footfteps of verity. ,
of the S AG.OLN, called Galeopithecus. sae
| he / ‘This figure of
the Sagoin, I re-
ceiued of Peter
= cordenber¢,ave-
AS NS rylearned Apo-
b x: A\ SSAA ers
Aas SSS x thecary of 4nt-
werpe, which is
thtee times as
bigasmy pictur
260
$0
40
$e
io
46
6f the Bear; Ape. Me 15
aiid toh tay that farnous Edgliti Do&or hack aduertifed me, tHatst üowayrefebleih se
the Sacoin it felfe, which is not much gréater than a Rat; alittle conny; ora young Hedg The qualitie.
hog: for he had feetie feuerall ones of chat bigneffe; of a gryfeld colout; aneàte beard, Coi
and fomewhat afh-coloured, atayle like a Rat, but hayry 5 the feetofa Squirrelbtheface
almoft likea Martine, or Satyre,a round eare but véry {hort and open, the hayre blacké" Partes
attheroot, and white at the end; and in other condicions like a Munkey . They are much
fet by among women, and by the Brafilians where they are bred and called Sagoines, it
being very propable that they are conceiued by a fmall Ape and a Weafell, for in that RIEN.
countrey by reafon of the heat thereof, there are many fach vnnaturall commiixtions: oi sacomes
It is animble, lively, and quicke fpirited beaft, but fearetull; it willeate white-bread ,ap-
ples, fweet-grapes, dried in thefunne, figges, ot péares. There was one of them at Anit= dn
werpefolde for fifty crownes : in France they calla Sagoni alittle beaft not much bigger s pose
thana Squirrell, an d notableto endure any cold. Some other affirme tha: a Sagoin is * °°
i bearded creature, but withoutataile, of an afh-colour, not much bigger then a fite ,
but of this beaft there is not any author writeth more then ís already rehearfed.
OF THE BEAR-APE
Their meate.
ARC TOPITHECVS. |
| ^Hereisin America a vety dé- 7 bewetus
v formed beaft which theinhabi- Of the name
\ Vi OD ~~ tants call Haut or Haut; &the
tee SS SESE Bi "ns
Eccle j Frenchmen Guenon, as bigasagreat — |
SSS SS SE SNS Affrican Monkey. His belly hangeth 4...
SAWN SSS SSS SN M i i . Hisparts
XS SS S ANN very low, his headandfacelikevnto —
| NN WS NY achides,asmaybefeenbythisliue-. ^ —
i M i SS SO ly pi@ure, and being rakenit wil figh
nN WANS WS San like ayoung childe. His skinis ofan.
a! ji" afh-eolour, and hairie like a Beare: ~
yi = = : he hath but three clawes on a foot,as
Ss) aM longe as foure fingers, andlike the
| thornes of Priuet, whereby-hé clim- »
beth vp into the higheft trees, andfor the moft part liueth ofthe leaues ofa certaintree .
beirig ofan exceeding heigth, which the 4mericaas call Avahut,and thereof this beaft
is called Haut. Their cayle ts about three fingers long, hauing very little haire thereon,
it hath beene often tried, that though it fuffer any famine, it wilf not eatethe flefne ofa
liuing man, and one ofthem was giuen me by a French:man, which 1 kept aliue fixe and
tweüty daies, and at the laft it was killed by Dogges; aid in that time when E had fet it a-
broad in the open ayre, Lobferued, that althou ghit often rained, yet was that beaft ne-
uer wet/ When it is tare it is very louingto a man, and defirous to climbe vppe to his
fhoulders, which thofe naked Amerycans cannot endure, by reafon of the (harpeneffe
of his clawes. ES | j
A fecret in
Nature,
» of the Simivulpa, or Api/h Fo XE.
Hofe which
hauetrauay ..
ledthe cons Pjfonins,
try of Payran doe SHEETS
afhrme;thatthey tion.
haue feeneafour-
_ footed beaft cal-
led in Latine S?-
mivulpa, in Greek. . .
Alopecopithetos, &c
WS in German Fa ch-
= eS — — ffaffintheforpatt
es | like
- f
Vase ine PP cm M Los
dj vs ads 7
"
E ÓÓÓ
RES
C CURES.
Tue diee Se
PPAR
T be Fiftory of foure-footed Beaftes.
Defcription. : : :
meee“ a Bat, and vnderneath the common belly, there was a skinne likea baggeor fcrip, wher-
in fhe keepeth, lodgeth, and carrieth her young ones, vntill they are able to prouide for
themfelues, without the helpe of their damme : neyther do they come foorth of thatre-
ceptacle, except it be tofucke milke, orfportthemíelues, fo that the fame vnderbelly is
her beft remedie again{t the furious Hunters and other rauening beats, to pteferue her
young ones; for fhe is incredibly fwift, running with that. carriage as if fhe hadno bur-
then. Ithath ataylelike a Munkey : there was oneof them with three young WWhelpes
taken, and brought into a fhip, butthe whelpes dyed quickly: the olde one lining lon-
ger, was brought to Syuill, and afterward to Granado, where the King of Spaine fawe it,
which foone after by reafon of the change of ayreand incertainty of dyet, did alfo pyne
likea Foxe, and in the hinder partlike an Ape, except that it had mans feet and eares like.
To
; away and die. The likethings doeth Cardaz report of abeaft called Chiurea, in Hifpania .
noua and Stadinius of aSeruuoy in America: but I coniegture that the former is this Fox
os ape,calledin Greeke Alopecopithccos, and of the Germans Fufehfaffe, the latter the Fe-
HARI
ly. Thereisa fifh called Glauews, whereofthe male fwalloweth vppeallthe young ones
amiraculous
thing oa i When they are indangered by other, and afterward yeeldeth them forth againe fate and
found.
OF THE ASSE-
MeSSS N WC $5 AT
NGO) SORT
) S FN NN NN
! y)
x He Affe is calledin Latine 4//2:4,in Greeke Oros and Killos by rea-
52 fon of his labour in bearing burthens, and of fome Megamucos be-
Ofthename 4 ^ caufe of his vnpleafant voyce: Of other Cochutous; or Canthon,
ee %/ from whence commeth Camrharws, that is, a Scarabee or Flie, bred
R of the dung of Affes. The Hzbrues call it Chamor, Deuteron.5.
Carinus. ix y arid the Perfyans Care, the latter ‘Hebrues doe indifferently take
; e 95 (Ro Vey Gajeder , Tartak and caar foran Affe :the Iralyans Lafino the Spani-
ce ofS S Aw ^w ardes 4/no, the French Vang afne,the Germans E/el, Mul, Mulle-re-
fal, and the Illyrians Ofel ; the which beaft is intituled or phrafed with many epithites a-
mong Poets 3as, flow, burthen-bearing, back-bearing, vile, cart-drawing, mil-labou-
ring, fluggifh, crooked, vulgar, flow-paced, long-cared, blockith, braying, ydle,deuill-
a ; Sos 7 fiayred,
male Cysotephalt, which carryeth her wombe wherinlyc her young ones without hir bel--
PI
49
$$
~ mankind; how fomeby youthfull pleafures become beatts,and afterward by umely rez. ales.
20
^40
$9
of the Afse. aa T zo
haired, filthy; faddle-bearer, flow-foot, four-foot, vnfauoury, anda beaft of miferable
condition 5befide many other fuch titles in the Greeke. Yet this filly beaft hath among
the Aftronomers found iore fauour, for in the figneCazcer there aretwo ftarres called
the two Affes, placed thereas fome fay, by Bacchus, who in his fury which Juzelaid vp- Pliny.
on him, trauailing to the Dedanéan Temple of Apollo to recouer his wits, by the counfel Ae ANC
leftial hones.
ofthe Oracle, cameto a certaine lake of water, ouer which he could notpafles and mee- Hy esses.
ting there two Affes ,tooke one of them, vpon whofe backe hee was fafely carried ouer :
dri-foote. Afterward, when hehad recouered his wits, in thankfulneffe for that good
turne, he placed the two À ffes among the ftarres. |: ismusdl
Howfoeuer this may be afabulous commeidation of this beaft, yet holy VWrit tea- Numb.22
chethvs, that an Affe fawan Angell, and opened his mouth in reproofe of his. maylter
Balaam :and our moftblefled Sauiour rode on an Affe to erufidem vo {new his humility:
and Sampfon out ofthe iaw-bone of an Affe, quenched his thirft.; 4 puleissinhiseleuen j|
bookes of his golden Affe , taketh that beaft for an Emblem, to noce the manners of diftourtes of
pentantold-age, arereformed men againe : Someare in their liues VV olues; fon Fox-
es, fome Swine, fome Affes, andfo other may be compared to other beafts : and as Ovi- : i
gen faith, onely by pleafüre isa nian a horfe or Mule; when a beattly foule liucth in a hu- n
mainefhape: This worldis vntothem an inchanted cup of Civces, whereinthey drinke Beroaldns "MI
vpa potionof obliuion;error,and ignorance; afterwards brutizing in their wbolelife, |
till they taft the Rofes of true ftienceand grace inlightning their minus, whichis theyr j
new recouery of humane wit, life, and vnderftanding. 2ounigag dot eno K
Affes arebredin Arcadia, wherefore prouerbially, the bet Affes arefignified by the Countries i
Arcadian Affe, andthe greateft Affes by the Acharnican Affe. ixTimochain ot Per[yayare. , ee l
very beautifull Affes, whereofone hath beene fold for thirty pounds of filver... Likwile Pau verer,
in Re4jin Ztaly;in MiriayThracía and Epirus; there ate: Affes but very fmallones;alhough Pordera:
all other cattell thereare very large. In zdiz;among the P/iliags;they-are.not greater ,,
: c *4 , 4AHMÁ,
then Rams, and generally all their cattellare of a very fimall growth. In Scythia, Pontus,
Celta and the regions confining them, are no Affes bred, by reafon of extreamity of
cold, for Affes are very impatient of cold. In.M//a therearealfo affes,buttheir flankes
are crooked and indented as if they were broken ; whereupon a prouerbiall common
Ípeech arifeth (one hauing a broken flanke) for a Mifsian Affe. tam
Affesare ingendred both by their owne kind andalfo by horfes, for they choofe ftal-
lionsand put themtotheir Affes, who. haue large bodies, wel fet legs, {trong neckes, Their breed.
broadand ftrong ribbes, brawny and high creafts; thighes full of. finewes,andof black —
or flea-bitten colour (for a Moufe-colour is not approued wherefore. he char. will haue
agood flockeof Affes, muftlooke that the male and female be founde, and of a good
age,thatthey may breedlongtime, and out of a good feminary, as of Arcacia Or Rea: Ah
for as the beft Lampreyes arein Sicilia, and the delicate fith Helops, in Rhodes and not elfe i |
where ;foare beít Affes in thefe forenamed places. When they make choife of a Stalli- ME
on, they looke principalliethat he hauea great head : Anaffe s more defirous of copu-. 47,5, i
lation then ahorfe, and both male and female doe couple at thirtie moneths, although Al
it proue not, vntill three yeares, or threeand a halfe. Men fay chat 4z7athe father in sfr/ferte | i hb
law of E/an, did firft inuentthe copulation of borfes and Affes togither : for as ahorffe Pliny. 1
doth couer afhee affe, fo an affe will couer a Mare, and an affe willfooner fill the luftofa — BUT
Mare, then a horffe. | "n
If a horffe couera female affe which hath beene entred by a male affe, he cannot al- al
ter thefeed ofthe affe : but if an affe couer a Mare which ahorffe bath formerly entred, P/zy
hewill deftroy the feed of the horffe, fothat the Mare fhall fuffer.abortment, by reafon ru;
that the feed genitall of an Affe is more frigidethen ahorfes: The Mares of Elis cannot
at all conceiue by affes copulation, and there is moreaborments falleth out by commix-
tion of horffes with affes, oraffes with Mares, then when euery kind mingleth amongft
themfelues. Iticbutafuperftition of fome, which affirme that an affe cannot conceiue Phy
for fo many yeares,as fhe hath eaten graines of barly corne defiled with womens pur- Ariftutle
gation, but thís is certaine; that ifanaffe conceiue not at the firft loofing of hir teeth, fhe
remai- ,
Proclus.
Palladius,
"
ui
YS
Se aye z
cepa E
SSS e e nU
"
:
-
——— 2t E
e
xam
e
32 T be Hiflory of foure-footed Beafles.
remayneth barren. They arenot coupledin generation in the Spritig aquinoctinm\ike
Maresandother beafts, but ia the Sommer Solftice, by reafon of their colde natures,
thatthey may bring forth their yong ones about the fametime, for in the twelfe month
e4rifiotle after their copulation, they render theisfoles. If themales be keptfrom labour they are
Varro. theworfefor genieration, whereforerhey arenotto be fuffered yale acthat time, but it is
not fo with the female, fhe muft reft, that the Fole may be the ftronger : but prefentlie
after (he is couered the muftbecourfed and driuen toand fro, or elfe fhe will caft forth
againe the receiuedíeed. ..- "uw eld byioros91b msdw bie |
The time that {ne goeth with yong is according to the male kind by which (hee is co-
uercd, for fo long as thémale lay in the belly of his damme, fo long will the Affe carrie
her yong before deliverance : but inthe ftature of body, ftrength, and beauty, the yon
one taketh more after che female, then che male.» The beftkind of Affes are thefoles of
awilde Affeand atame female-Affe. They vfe when an affe is foaled, totake it from the
damme, and put it tofucke a Mare, that it may bethe greater, which foleis called Hippo-
thela,thatis a Horfe-fuckling ;and.Mares willnot be. couered by Affes, exceptby fuch
an one as wasa horíe-fuckling. A the-affe willengender till fhe beethirty yeares olde;
whichis her whole lifelong, but if the conceiue often, thewill quickly be barren-wher-
of their keepers muft take luch care,that they caufe them to be keptfrom often copu-
lation. Hi V et 1 ‘cori ogg IO ?1 T
* They will notfoleinthe fight of man,or inthe light, but in darkneffe ; they bririge 55
forth but one at atime; for it hath not been heard of in the life of man, that an affe hath
euer brought forth twinnes. Affoone asthey are conceiuedthey haue milke in theyr vd-
; “ders, but {ome hold notvntillthe tenth moneth.- They loue their yong-ones veryten-
derly, for they will run throughifire o come at tiem; but if there beariy water betwixt
them, it cooleth their affections, for ofall chings they loue not to wettheir feet. They
will driuetheir young óries from fucking at thetixt moneth, becaufe of the pain in their
vdders, buttheir keepers weane them not till a whole yeare after their foaling; Fheir
“milke is fo thicke that it is vfed in ftead of fodder: a Mares is more thin, anda Camels is
thinnef Of all. It is mortalltotheir yong onesto taft thedammes milke for two. dayes
after their foling, for the food is fo fat thacit breedeth in their mouthes the coloftracomor z@
Touching their feuerall parts, they haue teeth on éither chap likea maaand ahorffe,
an Affe anda Mule hauc 36. teeth, and ioyned neere'togither: the bloud of Affes and
Bulles is thethickeft of all other, asthe bloud. of maa isthethinneft : His head is great
" andhis eares long an d'broad: both male and female loofe their fore-teeth in the thirtith
moneth of their age, and the fecond tothe firit, in the fixt moneth, theirthird & fourth
tecthare called Gnomons, thatis, Regulars, becaufe by them thereis a tried rule toknow
their age; and thofe teeth alfothey lofe in the fixt moneth. The hart of an Affe is great,
as all other fearefull beafts haue : The belly is vniforme as in other beafts thác haueafo-
"fideor whole hoofe. Itwanteth a gall, and hath twovdders betwixt the thighes,the for- 4e
art of the backe neere the fhoulders is weakeft and there appeareth thefigute of a
Plutarch, Croffe;andthe hinder part neerethe loynesis ftronger. The hoofes are wholeand not
Pliny. parted: the Stygeam water is fo cold that nothing can hold it; except the hoofe of an affe
low: Afoe ot Mules althoughe£lianws affirme, that it cannot bee contained butin the hornes of
wach: Scythian affes. Their tayles are longer by oneioint then a horfles (‘though not foharry.)
They are purged with monthly courfes morethen fheepe or Goats, and the-vrine ofthe
female is morethin than the males. Ifan Affe was hindered by any difeafe from makin
water, certaine fuperftitious perfons for theeafe of the beaft, muttered this charm : us
lus bibit cj non metjt ,myaorus metjt c nowbibit : thavis;
— TheCotke drinkerh and maketh net water,
The Dormoufemaketh water and neuer drinketb,
Theirmeate, IY willeate Canes or Reedes, which te other: beaffts is almioft poifon: wherefore
' inoldtimean Affe was dedicated to Bacchus as the canes are facred vnto him; and at the
time of their copulation they giue them herbe Ba//to ftir vp their luft : They will befa-
tisfied with any neuer fo bafe food, as chaffe, whereof there isabundance in euery coun-
trey,
Play
Pliny
Alani.
e liantss
Absirtus.
F. Imnys
Suidas
Wn pio Lm te i
ASA
"
ro
20
$30
4o
a
of the 4 i's é. 23
trey, young thornes and fruites of trees, twigges of Ofier, orabundle ofboughes to An pom
btowfevpon; infomuch as Q. Hortenfivs was wont to fay , that he had more care thathis duda ho
Barbels íhould not hunger in bis fifh-pools, then his Aífes i» Ro/ea: but the young ones. new an ale
newly weaned muft be more tendered, for they muft be fed with hay, chaffe orbarley; E si
D .^ Ual: Maxs
greene cotne, or barley bran. Affes will hardly drinke but at watering places in their
folds, or fuch as they haue beenaccuftomed withall, andwherethey may drink without
wetting their feet and that which is more ftrange, they cannot be broughtto goe ouer
hollow bridges, through which the water app eareth in the chinks of the plankes,& when
in trauaile they are very thirfty, they muft be valaden aad conftrained to drink: yea, 7e-
rodotus reporteth, that there are certaine Affes among the African thepheardes, which
neuer drinke. When they fleepethey lie atlength, and inthcir (leepe conceiue manie
forceable dreames,as appeareth by the often beating backe their hinder legs, whichif
they firike notagainft the vaineayre but againft fome harder fubftance,they are for ener
vtterly lamed. : | Tam
Whenthe Affes of Thufcia haue eaten Hemlocke, or an herbe much like vnto it, they Mathaolus.
fleepefolong and ftrangely , that oftentimes the countreymen begia tofleay them, and
on the fudden their skins halfetaken off and the other halfe on, they awake, braying in
fuch horrible maner, thatthe poore menare molt dreadfully affrighted cherwith. 1 heir
voice is very rude and fea efull, as the Poet faid: |
| Quirritat verres, tardus rudit, oncat affellus.
and therefore the Graecians to expreffe the fame haue feigned many new wordes and cal
jt Ogkethmos,as the Latines Rudere, that is to vtter forth avoiceinabafeandrucema- .— ,,
ner. The Poets feignsthat at thattime when /apiter came to warre with the Gyantes, B«c- Eratoffbeues
chu: and Vule.n, the Satyres and Silent affitted and attended him, being carried vpon Af-
fes. When the time came that the bartell began, the Affes for very teare brayed mot
horribly, whereat the Gyantes not being acquainted with fuch ftrange and vnknowne
voyces and cries, tooke them to their heeles and fo were olercome.
In'the facrifices of thé Goddeffe Vacuna, an Affe was feafled with bread, and crowned
with flowers, hung with rich lewels and Peytrels, becaufe (asthey faye) when Priapus . 1
would haue rauifhed Yeita being afleépe, the was fuddenly awaked by the braying of an x
Affe, and fo efcaped thacinfamie: Aad the Lamp/cceniinthe diígrace of Prt pus did of-
fer himanaffe. But this is accounted certaine, that among the Seythians by teafon of
colde;an Affe is neuer heard nor feene ; and therefore when the Scythians {er vppon the Laxtbouai
Perfyans, their horffes will not abide the braying of Affes, wondring both atthe ftrang- | Y
neffeófan Affes (hape; and rudeneffe of his crie: wherefore there are certaine birds, re-
fembling in their chattering the braying of Affes, and are the refore tearmed Ozeera-
tuli um
When an affe dieth, out of his body are ingendred certaine Flies, called Scarabees.
They are infefted with the fame difeafes that horffes be, and alfo cured by the (ame mea-
nes (except in letting of bloud for by reafon their vaines be final and their bodies cold, A good hors
innocafemuftany bloud betakenfromthem. — leach s
^ Affes are fubie& to madneffe when they haue tafted ofcertaine herbes growing neer nem y,
Potnias sas are Beares, Horffes, Leopardes and Wolues: they only among al other hai- eges.
tie beafts are not trobled with either tikes, orlice, but principally they periin by afwel- —
ling about the crowne of tbeirpaftetne, or by a Catarhe called Malis, which falling down
vpontheit liver they die, but if it purge out of their noftrils they {hall be fafe : and Co/z-
mella®riteth that if theepe bee ftabled where Mules or Affes haue beene houfed, they
will incur the feab: Thereis great vfe made of the skins of Affes, for the Germans doe
makethereofa fub(tance to paint and write vpon, whichis called Efel/hut. The Arabians. '
hatieacloth called Me/J, made of Affes and Goats haire, whereof the inhabitauntes of
theit deferts make them tents and fackes. It is reported that Empedceles was called Coly-
fanemas becaufe when the Agrigentines were trobled with winds by hanging about their
cittié innumerable Affe-skins, he fafe-guarded them from the windes : wherupon fome
have thought (but falfly / that there was fome fecret maffes skinnes, againft outragious
Tempettes. | "u
| The |
oe = =
=. Eus
V
uy
UN
Cd
E CAE. PS
Max
Galenus.
(ollamelia
Pliny.
Malis equis
aruis feria
nulle nifi [iin
familia funt.
Ad bac vibi
cula zog gi-
mio pondere
trabit.
Strabo, ..
e/]IElianuts
Suidas
Anatolius
Hinc caput Ar
cadici nudum
cute fertur
afelli,
Tirrbenus
T be Hiftory of foure-footed Beaftes.
The bones pf Affes haue beene vfed for pipes, the Artificers make more reckoning
ofthem then of the bones of Hartes,’and therefore E/op in Plutarch wondereth that fo
eroffe and dull acreature, (hould haue {uch thrill and muficall bones ; and the Bu/irites
called the Phylofophers Naweratites, becaufe they played mufick vpon Affes bones, for
they cannot abidethefound of atrumpet, becaufe it refembleth the voice of an Affe,
who is very hatefull to them for Typhaus fake.
Matenas allowed the flefh of young Affes to be eaten, preferring it beforethe fleth of
wilde afles, and this cuftomealfo preuailed at 4thews, where they did eatthe fle(h of old
Affes which hurteth the,ftomach, hauing ia it no good iuice or fweetneffe, and is verye
hard to bedigefted. Jnlike fort about the coafts of Alexamdria, men vfeto eate the fleth
of Affes, which begetting in their body much melancholikeand adufted humor, caufeth
them to fall into the Elephantia or {potted leprofie.
Affes are tamedat three yeares old, andtaught for thofe bufineffes which they muft
be applied vnto ; fome for the mill, fome for husbandry andthe plough, fome for bur-
thens and carriage, {ome for the wars, and fome for draught. Merchants vfe Affes to
carry their wine, oyle,corne,and other things to the fea-fide ; wherefore thecountrey
man maketh principall account of this beaft for his carriage too and fro, being fit to ca-
rie both on his necke and on his backe : with them they go to market with their wares, &
vpon them bring home their houthold neceflaries. Tarde cost as agitator afelli,
Vilibus aut onerat pomis ,lapidemqs reuertens,
Iucu[fums aut atra ima[f[am picis uerbe reportat. ,
They grinde in their milles and fetch home their corne, they plough their lande; as in
Campania, Libia and Betia, where the ground is foft, and in B/zantium that fruitful coun-
trey , which repayeth the husbandmans labor with increafe of an hundred and fifty times
more then the feed, and where in drie-weather their ground is not arable with the whole
ftrength of Buls, yet after alittle rain, one Affe in one end.ofa yoke, and an old woman
at the other end, doe eafily draw the plough, and open the earth to fow their feed :wher-
fore catofaidmerrily, that Mules, Horffesand Affes, keepe noholli-daies, except they
befüch Affes askeepe within dores. Inlike fort they draw from place toplacethe carts
of Bakers, or carts laded with any other carriage, if itbe not ouergreat. v"
The people carmani (by reafonthey want horfles ) vfe Affes in their warres;fo alfo do
‘the Saracort, who neuer vfe them in milles or any fach bafe works, but vpon them vnder
takeall their martiall perils. There was acuftome amongft the cwmani, that whenawo-
man.was taken io adultery, fhe was led to the market, and there fet vpona bare ftone, af-
terwardfhe was fet vpon a bare A ffs backe, and fo ‘carried throughout the citty, then
brought backe againeto the former {tone fora publike fpe&acle to all the citty whereby
fhe remained infamous all her life after, and was called Onobatis, thatissonethat had
ridden an Affe : and the ftone whereupon fhe ftood, was accounted an vnlucky, and an
odious place for al] pofterity.. In like fort among the Parthsans,it was held a difgracefull
IG
26
3?
thing to ride or be carried vpona bare Affes backe. | The dung of Affesis pretious for 40
aga den, efpecially for Cabadges; and ifan apple tree be diyng, it may be recouetedby
wafning it in Affes dung by the fpace of fix daies and fome haue vfed to put into Gar-
dens the skull of amare, or fhe-affe that hath beene couered in copulation, with perfwa-
fionthat the gardens will be the more fruitfull. . t ;
Affes are of very foolith condicions and (lender capacity, but yet very tame, notre-
fufing any manner of. burthen although tt breake his backe: being loaded it willnot out
of theway forany man or beaft, and it only vnderflandeth the voice of that man, with
fixie Tages whom itis laboured, knowing alfo the way. whereunto it is accuftomed. Ammonianus
in limite ruts was in {uch loue with an Affe, and holding him of fo great capacity, that he had one con
Suida:,
ZZ LR X uL
tinually to heare his Lectures in Phylofophie. GaZez affirmeth, thatan Affe vnderftan-
deth genus fpecies c indiuidium, becaufe if you fhew bim a Camellthat neuer faw one be-
$9
fore, he is terrified and cannot indurc his fight : butif hehauebeen accuftomed tofüch
_afight, if youfhew him neuer fo many heisnot moued at them. Inlike fort, hee know-
eth menin generall; being not affraid of them, but if he fee or heare his keeper,heknow-
eth him for his keeper or maifter.
There
Of the eA fe. 25
There wasa cunning player iri 4ffrica, ina citty called Alcair, whotaughtan Affe diners Lee e Afric:
ftrange tricks or feats; for ina publickefpe&acle, turning to his Affe (being ona fcaffolde
to thew fport) faid ; The great Sultan purpofeth to builde hima houfe, and hall neede all
the Affes of Alcair to fetch and carry wood, ftones, lime, and other neceffaries for that bu:
fines : prefently the Affe falleth downe, turneth vp his heeles into the aire, groneth, and ,
fhutteth his eies faft, as ifhe had bene dead: whilehe lay thus, the player defired the be-
holders to confider his eftate, for his Affe was dead, he wasa poore man, and therefore
moued them to giue him money to buy anotheraffe. In the meane time hauing gottenas
much mony as he could, he told the people he was not dead, but knowing his maitters po-
te uerty counterfaited in that maner,whereby he might get mony to buy him prouender,and
therefore he turned againeto his Affeand bid him arile, but he ftirred notatall. Then did
he ftrikeand beate him fore (as it feemed/ to make him arife, but allin vaine, the affe lay
ftill. | | Ms
-- Then faide the playeragaine, our Sultan hath commaunded that to morrow there bea
great triumph without the cittie, and thatall the Noble women thall ride thither vppon the
faireft afies, and this night they mutt befed with Oates, and haue the beft Water of 27/25
to drinke: Atthe hearing whereof, vp ftarteth théafle, {norting and leaping for toy :chen
faid the plaier, the gouernor of this towne hath defired me to lende him this my afícfor his
old deformed wife to ride vpon, at which words ‘the affe hangeth downe his eares, andvn-
5o derftanding like areafonable creature, beganne to halt as if his legge had beene out of
joynt: why but faide the plaier, haddeft thou leifer carryea faireyoung Woman? The
afle wagged his headin token of confentto that bargaine, goe then ('faid the player) and
among all thefe faire Women chufe one that thou mayelt cairy 5 then the affelooketh
tound about the affemblye, andat laft went toa fober Woman and touched her with
his nofe, whereat the refidue wondered and laughed, {hutting vppe thefport, with cry-
inge out; .4z 4ffes Woman, an affes Woman, and fo the player went vnto another
towne. | wen a ga apo |
. Such thinges doe ferue to teach vs that affes are not altogither indocible, befides in
their owne nature they knowe how to reéfréfh themfelues in their Wearinefle by wallo- &/£liamus.
3° wing on the grounde, and being ouercome with melancholy humour , they naturally
looke for the hearbe Citterach ot Finger-ferne to cure them. WVhen the afles of
Maurufium ate bound to a journey, they fetforwarde fo faft, that a man would thinke —
they rather flewe then ranne, but being ouerwearied they are fo abafed that they fend vun li
foorthe teates, and then are they drawen at Horfles tayles to their ioutneyes ! |
end. — je : TA WM mg
Theaffe is neuer atpeace with the Cro, becaufe it longeth for the affes eyes; likewife |
the bird Salem, for when the affe commethtothe thornes to rub himfelfe where the faid
birde buildeth het neft, the affe fpoyleth it; wherefote the faid birde maketh continual!
affault vppon him. In like fort the Colota or 5zellze, for it fleepeth in the maungers, and
40 ereepeth vp into the affes nofetohinder him from eating. oe T4 !
The Woolfeis alfo an enimy to the affe, for he loueth his fefh, and withfmall force £54; i
doeth he compaffe the deftru&ion ofan affe, for the blockifh affe when he feeth a wolfe, |
layeth his head on his fide, that fo he might notfee, thinkingthatbecaufehe feethnot— wt
the Wolfe, the Wolfe cannot fee him; but the wolfe vpon this aduantagefetteth vppon -- . S j
the beaft on the blind fide, and eafily deftroyeth the courageleffe affe. Another argu~ ! i |
ment ofan affes {tupidity, is that he careth not for his owne life, but will with quietneflé
ftarue, if meat benotlaide before him. Wherefore itis apparantthatwhenadullfcho- — — — E i
ler not apt to learne is bid to fell an affe to fignifie his blockifhnes, is no vaine fentences Aritomt M
thereforethey which refemble affes in their head, round forehead, or great face,are {aid it |
go tobeblockifh; in their def hy face, fearefull; in broad or great eies , fimplesandliketo be n i]
mad, in thicke lips, and the vpper hanging ouer the nether, Fooles ; and in their voyce, 1 d
contumelius and difdamefull. To conclude, the ancients haue made many fignificati- (M
ons ofaffes and their fhapes, making a man with an affes head to fignifie; Firft,one igno- HM
taunt of manners, hiftories and countryes. Secondly, immoderate riot offtubborne un
ie
à Ji
Se
= te
527 idm
mt
i
!
M i
ee
Ub
f
"
i
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beajts.
perfons in feripureis deciphered inan Affe... Thirdly; impudéency and {hamelefneffe,
becaufe an Affe will not for am ftripes forfake his owne wates.
.Feurthly, the Zewi/b people, who like Affes could not vaderftand the euident trüth bi
Chriftintheplaine text of Scripture, wherefore our fauiour fecretly vpbraided their
dulnes, when he rodevpon an Affe. Fiftly, the Egyptians by an Affe noted a man with-
out all diuine knowledge; wherefore they fed to take an Affe and follow him withiall.de-
fpight, beating him cae place to place till hee brake his owne necke; forthey beleeued;
that an affe was pofleffed of adeuill. Sixtly; Indocibilicy, by anafle brid led. Seuenthly,
- the {nares of flatterers; for their prieftes fet an affe betweene. flowers and oyntmentes,
Marcellus
Pliny. c
neither of both pertaining to an affcs skill, teaching thereby, how mighty mea. fall by
treachery of flatterers. Eightly, a woman diffembiing herPragnancy . Ninthlyy bya
man, weauingacord, andan affe behind him biting it afunder, they fignifie; a painefull
husband, and. a prodigall wife. Tenthly,a good vine-dreffer, for when an affe did bite off
the EVE ofa vine,it was obferued that the next: yearethe vinewas more fruitful :
finally bae feruility, triding iluggithnes,good fortune,tyrants,and fooles are Hierogli-
phically comprized vnder the difcourfe ofaffes. 3
. Touching fuch medicinall vertues as; haue bene tried nd fournde to i inthe feuerall
parts of Affes, by learned and approued writers, now in the conclufion ofthis hiltorye
they (hall be bricfely remembred; and fothis narration be finifhed..
A draught ortwo of the: fame water whereof an Affe or an Oxe bah drunke, will eafe
thehead-ach, the forehead of anaffe tyedto the flefh of one that: haththe falling euill,
cureth him; and the braine of an affe {teeped in fweet water and infumed inleaues, wy eke
. oftaken for certaine dayes, halte an ounce, eafeth the falling euill : che number of. which
Ploy.
: Haly,
Pb. Ao T
Marcellus
Anic en,
Sextus
Rafis.
Marcellus.
Ploy
daies cannot be leffe then thirty, but this is very ridiculous, that ifa man hurt by a fcor-
pion,do whifper his harme in the eare ofan affe, prefently the hurt ceafeth. When.one
is vexed with a quotidian fever, with three drops of blood out of thevaine ofan Affes
€are, put into ES ounces of water and drunke by the patient, eafeth, that
paine. -
The liver Br an affe burnt, driveth away ane Bes the fame driedand Dess to
“ponder, helpeth the coughand fhortnes of breath, and irofted to becaten, if it bee eaten
fafting itis good againftthe falling euill. Ocher fay, if'it be. mixed with Opponax;,andin-
{tilled into the mouth forty dates togither, defend ethinfants from the aforefaide fick-
ncs. Alfo the hart ofa male blacke affa, eaten with bread at the e uening, in thefirft or te.
cond day ofthe moone, is good againit the falling euill, The liuer. dryed with parfely,
& three walnuts clenfed from the pill and putinto hony, i is matueilous good for one that
is liner ficke,theaí(hes ofit mixt with oyle, taketh away VVens; andthe afhes oftheliuer
andthe deíhis good againft the chapping, clefts, or {lifters in the body, which;come by
cold: but Dio/corides, whom Irather follow, attributeth both thefe vertues tothe athes
ofthe hoofe. He which is ficke of the milt, may beholpe with the old milt of anaffe; uf
he eat thereof euery day dried and falting, he fhall find cafe by it within three dayes. The
fame firft dryed and then fteeped in water, maketh the dugs full ofrailke; fo alfo. doeth
~ the fpleene, and the fpleenewith fewet ofa beare; and oyle madeas thicke as hony, by
annointing the eyelids therewith, reftoreth the haires-which are wanting. The reynes
ineretatrated , brufed, and put into new pure wine, do help the bladder, and fay the in-
continency of: thevrine. The fame, dried, burned, and beaten into very {mall pouder,
whereofa nut fhell full putintotwo cups of pus wine and drunke off, curet theitran-
ury.
: a is thought that withthe pouder ofthe Ages genital,che dis may be fate grow
thicker : and thefame beaten with leade and RA and annointingtheheade where. gray
ae iy of an Affe
Jiàis
andwind,.
The bloodofanaffe flaieth the flux of blood cóming from the Pd or films of i brains
and
28
39
49
$59
OW
to outfeare . And if thebillofa Heres wrappedin an Affes skinne, bee bound to ones fore -
Of ihe eA fe: | 27
dndtwo or three drops of the famie drunke with wine; curethi a quotidian feuer : the felfe Efcwlapins.
fame thing is reported of the bloud let out of the veine 1a theeare; The bloud of the Ple
foale of an Affe with wine, cureththe Kinges evill. Thefroath orfcum of A/rrewiththe .
fat of an Affe or the fatte of a Sowe, cureth the bitinges of Dogges : and if there bee Dicet
any {carres in the body; the faite maketh them of the fame colour with the refidue of
the bodye : Andif one vexed with the falling euill, be annointed with the füet or fat of
an Affe it will eafe them very much, likewife the marrow of Affes helpeth the fcabs from
aman,and withthe fuet the places infected with Catthars, Leprofies, or Scatres, re-
ceiue their former colour: andthe skinne laid vpon young infants, maketh them with-
Rafis. ,
Pley
head, it prouoketh (leepe. :
A palfie man will fall downe if hetaft ofthe perfume made of the haires ofan Affeor
Mule. Theafhes of the haires of Affes, ftayeth bleeding 5 and the fame hath the more Trallianns.
forceif they be of a male, and be mixed with vineger and laide in woo!lto the yflue blec-
ding. The bones of an Affe broken andfod, are very foueraigne again{t the venom of Pliny.
afea-Hare-filh. Thepoulder of an Affes hoofe drunke a moneth togither, two fpoon- .
fuls at atime, helpeth the falling euill very greatly : andthe fame mixed with oyle, hel. 64v.
peththe kings euill5and being put vpon Kibes or Chil-blanes, cureth them. The hoofs
of Affes burned and beaten to poulder, giuen to them that haue the falling euil in drink, Mes
26 helpeth them fpeedily ;alfoa burned hoofe ts mingled with many medicines.to cure the
{welling of the Nauell in children, and the hoofs perfumed procure fpeedy deliuerance
in trauaile of yong; that the deadthing may come forth; otherwife itis notvfed, for it
will kill theliuing yong ones. | | | TP
The duft thereof with the milke ofan Affe, by annointing cureth the {cars and webs
of the cies, and as Marcellus faith, only the parings of an Afles hoofe fcrapedand ming-
led witha womans milke 5and they fay, thatif an EpzleZick man weare a ring made of an
affes hoofe wherin is no blacknes, it will preferue him from falling. Thepoulder of an
afles hoofe burned and beaten, laide in vinegerand made in littlebals, andone o£ them —
put into the miouth and there held, helpeth tie loofneffe and. paine in the teeth. There Galen,
Aetins¢
4o isacolle&ion of certaine hard matter about an affes legges, called Lichen, which if it be
burned and beaten and put into old oyle, will caufe haires togrow outof baldnes, and it
is of fuch force, that if it be applyed toa womans check, it will produce thefame effea,
and mingled with vineger, itraifeth vp the /etbazgzkeman; ——— T de
Andifa man take thering-wormes growing naturally on Affes legges, and (hredding Marcellus
them into pouder put them in vineger, it (taieth all painein theheade, which makethr one
fleepy. The fleth of Affes fodin portage helpeth them that hauethe Fhehifis or difeafe of
the Lungs, andthereare {ome which preícribe thetaking of Affes fefh, orthe blood of ..
Affes mingled with vineger to betaken forty daies togither againftthe falling euill: ‘he Bg
milke ofan afie mingled with hony and drunke, loofneth the bellie; and therefore Hypocta~
io tes gaueitfor a gentle purgation being moifler thenanie other kind of milke, and fitter to
take downe thebelhe:: Tt willalto eafethe tooth-ache, it the teeth be wafhedinit. and fà-
ftenthem thacare loofe;being verie good to wath the teeth withall. - Galen gaueaftes milk
mixt with honie, to'one ina confumpuon when he came newly frora bath, and therfore
it is giuen in feuers Pec ieks andall contuining difeales: bécaufe the fubftanceof it is fitter
for deterfion then nutriment: when che brefts are in paine, by drinking afles milke they be
hole, and thefàme mingled with honie, caufeth womens purgation, by diinking affes
milkean exulcerat ftomackeis relieved : likewife all other pains inthe (tomack,which comé
of fadneffe or forrow,fighing, and defperation: and Herzelides gauc afles milke withanni- pp»;
feed to one thathad his lights ftopped, and itis hkewifé commended again(t the cough,
“fo exteauation,{>iting of blood, dropfieand bardres of the {pleene; butit is not good for a
weake head troubled with giddines or noife; yet will itloofenthe hardnes of thebellie ina
fcuer. MU apos
Itis alfopriuately vfed againft eating of morture, white lead.fulphur,and quickfiluer ;
arid when amans meate doeth not neither nourifh nor difzeít , let him drinke Affes
milkefafclie, and itis alfo goodto gargatize infore chappes or throates. Likewife in
Dz a
e rchigenes
—
c 355
i EE ree
T —— —
m —
rip p a
€————————M
NA T RE cn E
i.
CO
BE UN Pliny.
Pliny.
Diofcorides
Galen,
Pliny. |
EM M - Marcellas
Lae x PC KU Difcovides
P :etiuso
ET ST ETE eG ———I
The Hifforie of Foure-footed Beafts.
à feuer whenthezeis no head-ache. The auncientinold time gaue Affes milke to children
before meat, andfor want thereof Goats-milke : forfore mouths, itmuft be gargarized. It
is very profitableagainft the collicke and blondy Flixe, if honie be putthereunto ; the loof-
nes or defire of ftooleis takenaway by drinking Affes milke : the whay or milke ofan Afie
did Ayppccrates prefctibe againft che confumption of the raynes or backe,and the fame with
a root ofa pomgranat againft the loofenes and other difeafes of the belly to be diunke,
Alfo there are examples where the whay of A fies milke haue helped the gowt, bothin
hand and foot: {weet water with Afies milkis wholfome againft poylon of Hen-bane,& o-
ther poyfons, but it mutt be vfed new ur elfe {oone after warmed : This milkewill make wo-
mens skins whiter, wherefore, Poppea, the wife of Domitius Nero carried about with her in ye
he: progrefle fifty milche Affes, wherewith the did vfe to bath her felfe.
The vrine with the owne dung, healeth f'raight fhooing;fcabs ina man, andthe rough-
neffe of the nayles. It taketh away the {curtte of Oxen. Itts giuen in drinke, to cure them
that haue ache in their raines and with Pepper-wort itis profitable againft fuppurations and
apoftems inthe fe. If any be hurt by the {tarres, wa(n them inafies ftale , mingled with
Spikzard : the fame force hath it againft cornes and all hardnefie or thickenefle of skinne.
"Ehe dung ofaffes new with oyle of Rofes, diftilled warme into the eares, helpeth deafenes,
and puílies or fuddaine boyles of the heade, are cured with the iuyce of affes dung, and of
{ea-oynions beat to ponder, and the fat of beefe, layed to the boyles likea plaifter: both
the dung of afies and horffes eytherraw or burnt mingled with Vineger, reftrayneth blee- 2e
ding bothin fluxes and wounds, vied like a plaifter, being new and mingled with vineger,
and for the bleeding atthe nofe , fnuffe in theafbes of afies dung burnt to powder. The.
dung ofafíes cureth the Piles, and the fame dried and moiftened in wine being drunk of cat-
tell which are (tung with {corpions, cureththem ifit beat grafie;and itis found true by long
experience, that the dung ofanafierubbed, in quantity two fponfuls , and taken euery day,
deliuereth one from the falling euill. .
Et miceus prodeft ex ubere [uceus afella.
Si tepedo vino infundas ac mellapiperque.
» This is good againft the galland running ouerthereof, ifitbe mingled with warme wine,
pepper, and hony. The Syrians callthe dung ofa young Foale which it firít cafteth vp after 3°
the foaling, Poleans and giueit againft the fickneffe of the mile.
In [apa decoctum colo magnopere prodeft.
The fame is good againft the collicke and the bloody fixe. The iuyce of affes dung, affes
' milke;and fweetwine, annointed on the fick member, cureth the gowt : and thefame ftay-
eth the lowers of women with childe, the iuyce heereof cureth the clofing vp of theeyes in
thenight. Theskinnewherein the young foalelyethinthe dammes belly being fmelled
vnto , by him that hath thefalling euill, ic eafeth him . Anaxilaus hath reported, that
iftheexcrements ofa Mates copulation be burned, therewill appeare monftrous fhapes
of Horfles heads. If a horfle haue a web in his eye, mingle togitherthe milke of anafile, the
blood ofa Doue, and the dew of Cabadges, and anoint him therewith : and there befome 49
which take of the dittwherean affe hath made water inthe way, and therewith annoint the
{cab bes of fheepe for their recouery : but when oneis ftroken witha fcorpion;
theafles dung muftbe prefentlye applyed, orelfe
it profiteth nothing in that
malady..
SEE OMS
aia eG
RE
Y 2
Of tbe Hinnus,Innus.éoc. — - 29
OF THE HINNVS, £nmnu, and GINNVS,
| eM annus mannulus Bef (2 Burdones c7.
Hereis nolanguage befide the Grecke that haue. any wordes
toexpreffe thefe beaíts,and the Latines haue deriued thefe
termes from them. Thefe are beafts ofa fmall (ize as dwarfes
among men, andthercfore feldome feene in thefe parts of
theworld. ‘hey whichare called Zzzi, areconceiued ofa
tion from the male, yetdothey more refemblethe female.
In ancient time, the males which were conceiued ofa horfe
anda fhee Affe, were called Zzzz4li, and likewife of an Affe
Pliny.
hares, and other like: although fome take Zamulifor the young harts, andthe Zizzi and
Hinnulifor the breede of a horfe and an Affesfo that there appeareth two kinds, and both Varro.
of them tranfplanted out of other.
The Hinnus is leffethenthe Mule,but more ruddie,hauing ears like ahorfe,and a mane
2© and taile like an affe; lying in the wombe before the foling twelue monthes like a horffe, Nonii
andarebrought vp like little horffes, whofe age is difcerned by their teeth, andthey are
fometimes procreated ofa horfeand a Mule, and becaufe of their aptnes to beare;they p,
are called Burdones, or elfe of Bardus by reafon oftheir folly and flownes.
Manni and Mannuliarevery little lowhorfes, being very gentle and eafieto be handled, Porphyrins
being called alfoamong the Cinilians,Burdi.T here is in France not farre from Grationvpo-
lis, akind of Mules whichin the countrey fpeech are called Jumar, being bred of an Affe
anda Bull, andin the Heluetianalpes beyond Curia, about the towne Speluga, | haue bin
fincerely informed, that there was a horfe conceiued of abull anda mare, and therefore
Scaliger faith, thatfuch afoale is called Hinnulus, whereof hee reporteth he had feene
3° many,and he himfelfehad two ofthem,and atthat inftant had onely one female betwixt
whofe eares there weretwo bony bunches aboutthe bignes of halfe a Wal-nut, giuing
euidentteftimony by the forehead, thather father or Syre was a bull :andfome fay, that
thiskinde wanttheir vpper teeth :and their vnderchappe doeth in a deformed manner
ftretch foorth it fele prse the vpper,as it isin many fifhes, being called of the Gaba-
laand Aruerni, Befi: Andatthis day there is in the court of France a cettaine beaft which
in theformer part is like anaffe, andinthe hinder afheepe. In Ferraria amonge other
ftrange beafts, they nourith dwaruith Affes, ofwhom Martiall made a. Diffichon to this
efíc&, that they are not fo high as aman, when he fitteth on the ground. meth,
His tibi de mulis non efl metuendaruina: |
qo — Altiusinterris pene federe feles.
* For the Innus, and Ginnus, or Hinnus, they are conceiued by a Male anda Mare, which are
very {mall by reafon of fome difeafe thedamme that beareth them hathin her belly :
the worde Jnis fignifying a young or newe borne Nephew, and isattributed to this
kind of beafts, becaufe they neuer exceed the quantity of young foles. Both the
Mule and the Burdo remaine barren and neuer conceiue, —— _ Albertus.
thefe neighe like a horfe, andthat brayeth .. p Prempowr
likean affe. A Mu/imon is a fhort
horfe, affe, or
Mule . |
D3 Of
horfe, &a fhee affe,who althogh they take their denomina- A mg
anda mare, Mili fo are the young ones oflittle goats,Deer, Hermolaus.
Auergne &
Lodeue Na=
—
re ae
— —
uc ro
——À
ric —
apres a
gee —— -
= Fam
=.
pa. —
mA,
unc CR
MÀ LIU AE E PME: -
"Teu ar oe
CMartidl,
Countrey of Ly¢aenia, and Affrica, andit is faide, that the Saraten king of Tusisin-A ffricke; fent vnto*
bteed.
Pin.
Their copu-
lation,
fo bloody which euen now were as white as light®Does
The Hifiorie of Fovire-footed Beafts.
‘OF THE WILDE ASSE.
Wilde Affe, called ofthe Latines Oxager,of the Hebrewes
|| Arodand Ere, and as Sebaffian Munjler affitmeth Meroda and
ArdasIn the German tongue it may be tearmed Ein lWalde-
fell; and the young ones are called Lalifons,
Dum tener eft Onager folaquelalifro mitre:
Pafcit bot infans fed breue nomen babet,
Thefe wilde Affes are not E/ks, asfome haue reported of
Elks, northat Oryx which theauncient writefs do conftant-
ly affirme to liue in a continuall thirft,.as for che moft part
wilde Affesdo. Ofthefe Affes are great {tore in Phrygias
this part of the worlds |
Ferdinand king of Naples;agoodly great wild Affe, fuchan oneas hath notbenefeenein
Apollonius affirmeth, that he faw wilde affes in great plenty beyond Catadupa inEgypts
fo arethere many in Ca#da,an Iíland neere Greet: In Perfés, in Affayin Madera,and-Aba-
fia, Arabia deflert, Mauritaniay and Armenia. Calliflus veporteththat xhereare {ich wild .2 8
Affesinthat region vnder the e£quinoctiall towards the Eaft and South; of wonderfull
{tature, their skin (befide rhe vfuall manner ) being ofdiuers colours; interlined variably
with white andblacke, andthe Zones and ftrakes difcending from the top ofthe backe
vito the fides, and there diuided by their winding and! turning, makéthe: foldsappeare
ofadmirable variety; 3i exi ecomsolis balles weed
~ Thefe Affesloue the higheft Mountaines and rockes;as holy fcripture teachethsler.
14. Theaffes flood inthehigh-placesand drew in the wind-leke Dragons: which words gaue
occafion tofome to imagine, thatwilde affes would quench theirthirft: withthe winde
without water :whereas itis the maner ofallwilde beàtts, in extreamity of thirfttopape.
wideand greedily: draw nthe colderefrefbing ayre; ánd:they will nót ctinkebütof pure
fountaine water; They liuein flocks. and great companies togither,: butinidefolate plas
ces :themales going before thefemales,.and commonly one malewill:leadeandnilea
flocke of females, being exceeding {witt;and: fearful; and therforedothey often'change
their places ofabode sand yet it is obferued; that the wilde Affes of Lsta neuer goouer
the mountaine that diuideth them from Cappadocia.» ye! con A NS artes beu
They engender among themfelues;theirfemales being much more luftfullthen'thé
males, and therefore doéthe males obferneand waichthem witha ielous:eye towardeé
; their owne foles, efpecially after they have.conceiuedsand the female as warily avoideth
the fight ofthe male, efpecially at the time of-herfoling : forif thebringforthiafemale,
the male receiueth it with allloue, ioy, and welcomes but ifa male; then: dochilie with
angry and enuious countenance look vponitstaking it heauily chavanorher male is bred;
which in time may inthe tathers place poffeffe his damme :wherforeinaraging madnes
‘he fallech vpon the fole,feeking by alhis powerto bite off hisftones the poorfemaleals
though weakened with paineotdeliuery; yet helpethher young: one! againft theathers
rage, and like a mother who feeing herfonne flainin war; émbradeth his bleeding corps;
and cryeth out with dolefull voice, tearing her checkes and bleeding betwixt her brefts :
fo would you thinke this filly femaleaffestomotirne forherfole, now ready to die by the
Syres cruelty; faying, O my husband why isthy afpect fo ivefull ? Why are thy eyes now become
‘t thou looke vpon the face of that monfter
Medufa? Which turneth men into ftones, or doft tbou look upon fome new hatched horrible Dra-
gon, or the whelpe of [ome lyon lately litteréd? Why wilt thou geld this our young one whith na-
ture hath giuen unto vs both by precreation : O wretched beast that 1am, which baue conceiued
an viahappy fole by thefathers wickednes, O nzy pore, and more unhappy fonne, which for a tea
lous feare art depriued of thy naturall parts, wot by the clawes of Lyons (for that Iwould endure)
but by the vnpaturall and more then hoftile teeth of thy owne father.
Thefe
e
10
39
49
$e
Of the Wilde A ffer > afi
Thefe wilde Affes hatte good and ftronge hoofes, their fwiftnes is compared tothe
winde, and in the timethatthey arehuntted, they caft backward with their hecles ftones
with fuch violence, as they pierce the brefts of them that profectite them ifthey be not
very wary. They are ofa large, broad, tall; and beautifull body ; long cares, anda filuer
colour, (thatis asl geffe) abright cloud-colour, for itis but vaine coimagine, that an
Affecan be all, white, for then were all the auncients deceived, which with one voyce
affirme that he hath a blacke lift on the backe, at either fide whereof are two white lines.
"Their food is onely graffe and herbes oftheearth, whereby they grow very farsthem e/Ehanm
. hart being the fatreft part of their body, and they willnoc abide any flefh-eating-bealtes pAlbertss.
1o. efpecially che Lyon whom he feareth very much, for all thefe {trong beafts deuour ánd UP.
eatthem. Thefe Affes arevery: fit for ciuill vfes, as for plowing and fowing, for being pyro,
tamed they neuer grow wilde againeas other beafts will, and chey eatily grow tame. lt;
is obferuedthat the famebeing tamed, ismoft tame which before time was moft wilde. hi
Theyloue figs and meale aboue all things wherefore the Armenzans viero take à certain i
blacke fi(h bred in their wacers which is poy{fon, and couering it with mealethe wilde af= clans.
fes comeand lickethereof, and fo are deftroyed. The beítof themaxe generated ofa: |
Mare and awild Affetamed, for they are thefwifteft in courfe, of hardeft hoofe;aleane: TUM
body,butofa generous and vntierable ftomack. ‘Lhe 2224 wild Affes. haue one hotne ^
- intheirforeheade, and their body all white; but their lieade isired: So is there another mo
19:beaftin ndia very like awilde affe which the inhabitants eat (as we haue read)about the a
ftreights of Magelleza : NN hen thefe Affes are hunted with. dogs, they caft foorth their | $
fime or dung, with thefauour whereofthe Dogges are ftayed while itis.hot,aridiby.that (ne ; 4
meanes the beaft efcapeth daunger: but the Afles of Mauritania are very (hort winded, "7 if
and fubieét to wearineffe aad ftumbling; for which caufe they are more eafily taken, and ii
the beft ofallarenotfofwittas a Barbary-horfe ; befides their nature is, whénthey feea ‘y
man, to ftand{tone ful, crying, braying;-and kicking, till you come at them, and when), £u, "
oneisready to take them, they take their heeles arid. tun away. ‘The inhabitants of Aras: a
bia defert, by many gins and other deceitfull deuifes take them, andon horfebacke fol-- ! i
- Jowthem tillthey tyre or.can ftrikethemwiththeir darts. Their fle being hot; doeth al
$o' (tinke and taíte like an other Affes; but boyled and kept two dayes hatha pleafant tafte 5 i
yet doth it not breede good blood, becaufe itis vifcous and hatdeto be concoéted, al-: A
though there be many which eatthat;as alfo the lef of Panthers and. other fuchbeatts. d
. Pliayteacheth, that there is more vertue in the wilde Affes milk and bones againft ve- Medicines.
nome and poyfon, then inthe tame. Likewife, in the heele ofan Affe, is a principall te-:
medy againftapoftemations and bunches iu the fletb, ifit be applyed to the inner part
ofthe thighe «) The gall, draweth out botches and mutt bee aunóinted.vpon impoftu- Pley 4
mate ícars. Iris vfed alfoin emplafters againft Saint Antonie firejtheleprofie;and fwel- A
lingin tbelegs and guts:: Hefat with oyle of herbe+Mary. by annointing therames and:
thebacke;helpeth and eafeth that paine which was ingendred by wind. Thefpleen dryed
4o to pouderand drunken wine or drinke, is good againft che ficknes.of thefplcene. The
fleínis good againft the paine in theridge and hip-bones : and Galeg. affirmeth;, thárthe
vtine breaketh and diffolueth the ftone in the bladder. The a(hes of. the hoofe helpeth
the falling euill; and mingled with oyle, cureth the kinges euill, and the loofenes of the
hayre. The marrow eafeth the gowt, and the dung mixed with the yolke of an Egge and
applyed tothe fore-head, ftayeth bleeding : alfothe fame curleth the hayre ifit be min-
gled with an Oxes galland dryed : pur into wine and drunke,curéth the {ting of a fcorpi-
on : and Zoran Hebrew affirmeth very conftantly, that ifa man looke into an Affes eye,
Milke,
n
E TE
—— cinco meer e
-—
it prefettieth the fight, and hindereth the Water that defcendeth ihto the eye.
wo ee) Of the Scythian Affes. ...
SORRY He Affes of S¢ythia haue hornes wherein it is repotted that the Stygean Wa- iM
«T EZ Iterof Artadia may be'contained, ak'hough it will eat throughall other veffels -A/ianus. UN
VAN 4 bethey neuer fo hard. Se/iparer brou glit of them to Aléxanderthe great,who
25} admiring the rareneffe, would not put them to any private víe butfent them.
|
TUE ce ee
B = x
32 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
"to Delphos,tobe offeredto "Pithiass but that thefecan be properly called Affes, no man
Libs can defend, although Herodotus alío affirme, that among the Africans called Aratours,
there be affes with hornes. din grist ;
Of the Indian Afes. i
By | Lis queftionable whether the Monoceres, commonly called
aVaicorne, the Rhinoceros, the Oryx, andthe Indian affe be all
one beatt or diners; for the Varcorne and Khivcceros haue the
fame things attributed to them in ftories, and differ in verie
few reports : but for the Affes of india, both Ari/forle, Pliny, 19
ande4lanus , ioyntlyagree, that they differ from all other
whole-footed beafts,becaufe they haue one horne in the fore-
head, andfoalfo hauethe Rhinoceros, Monoceros, and Orix, but
: Z | the 2udians cal aVnicorn,Cartazono; and the hornfo highly pris —
zed at this day, is thought to be of the Rhinoceros, bute£lianus and Philes acknowledge
no other Vaicornethen the Indian Affe, who n bignes equalleth a hotfe amongthe 7z-
| dians,beingall whiteonthebody, but purple headed orred(as forme fay ,) blacke eyes,
but Polaterranus {aith blew, hauing one horne in the fore-head a cubit and a halfe long,
whofe vpper part is red or bay, the middle blacke, andthe neather part white, wherein —
the Kings and mighty men of zsdía vfe to drinke, adorning itfor that purpofe with fun- ^9
dry bracelets, precious ftones, and works of gold, holding for truth that all thofe which.
drinke in thofe hornes, (halbe freed from annoyance of incurable difeafes, as conuulfi-
ons, the falling euill, and deadly poyfons. | |
Thefe wilde-affes exceedall other, both in flature of body, andalfo fwiftnes of footé,
for at the firft, they fet forth very gently, and afterward {peed theiriourney with better
pace, fo that it is very hard for any to followthem, but impoffible to ouergothem. The
males take great paines in keeping their young ones, whom they continually watch and
hide in the moft remote and defert places they can finde. When they are hunted, they
keepe their weake young ones behind them, and fight for them very furioufly, neyther z
_fearethey toencounter horfemen. Theyare fo ftrone, that no beaft may ftand before 2°
them, for they will receiue the charge of Horffes with fuch viglfice, that in their eri-
counter they bite outtheir fides & teartheir guts out of their belly: for which caufe they
are dreadfull to Horffes, who are moft vnwilling to ioyn with them for they neuer meet
but they both perith. Stm 9t | |
_ © They fight with their beeles, but their teeth aremoft daungerous, for what they ap-
prehendinthem they bring it cleaneaway : and becaufe of this rage, thofe which areof
any yeares; can neuer be tamed. The great king of Sadia doth once euery yeare appoint
all manner of fights both of men and Beaftes, wherein are wilde Buls, tame Rams, thefe
wild Affes with one horne, Hyanaes and Elephants. ‘To conclude,it is but afableof ¥o- .
laterranus, that faith, thefe Affes wanta gal, for they haue the bladder of the gal, apoti- 49
on whereof drunke, cureth the falling euill.
Of the Alborach and Axis.
| Here are two other beaftsto be added tothe end of thisranke, namely, the
aN Alborach among the Turks, being a faire white beaft like an Affe, whereupon
Te the turkifh prieftes blafphemous idolaters;perfwade the filly pilgrims of Me-
PASECAS cba that Mahomet was carried vp to heauen.The Axis of which P/zy {peaketh,
isa wilde beaft, hauing a skinnelikethe Higzulus afotefaid, but f, pred ouer with whiter so
fpots, whichis bred in dia. Bellonius affirmeth, that he faw two of them in the Caftle of
Cair a male and a female, and either fex wanted hornes,hauing long tayles down to their
mid-legs like deere, and differ very little from deere, fauing in their large white {pots
and yellow colour, yeelding a much more cleare founding voycethen a deere andthe
female thereofis fmaller then the male, This beaft is by idolatrous people dedicated to
their drunken God Bacchus. , 22 9;
WK =
—————
NC
rare a
<0 f the Badger. MS | 33
OFTHEBADGER, OTHER VVISE
called a Brocke, a Gray, or a Baujon.
He Badger could neuer find a Greekename, although fome
| through ignoraunce haucfoifted into a Gre eke dictionary: il
I}: Melis, whereas intruch thatis his Latine word, Mele or Me- | m
y les,andfo called, becaufeaboue all other things; he loueth "
3o. hony; and fome later writers call him Taxus; Taf/us, Taxey ^^ — |
and Alber. Magnus daxus. But wherasinthefcriprurefome _ " : il
tranflate Te/Jon, Tabas , or. Tachafch and plurally Techafeim; UT aeg 4
Badgers, yetis not the mater fo cleare, for thereisno fuch ee M
beauty in a badgers skin, asto couer the Arke, orto make
v 7 rinces (hooes thereof: therefore fome Hzebrews fay that
it fignifieth an Oxe ofan exceeding hard skinne. Owkelws tranflateth. it Su/gona, thatis; a
beaít skinne of divers colours, Symachus, and Aquila a iacin&t colour, w hich cannot bes
butthe Arabians Darafch, andthe Perfians Affbak, yet it may be rather faide, thatthofe
skinnes fpoken of. Exod.25. Numb. 4. Ezek. 2 6. beofthe Zinx, or fomefuch other{pot- '
4o tedbealt; for 7. achafch commeth neere Thos, fignifying akind of Wolfe not hurtfull to
men; being rough and hairy in winters but {mooth in fummet. . . odi EP NS
-"Theuralians call aBadger Taffo, the RhetiansTafch:the French Tauffon,Tatxin,Ta iffop, 23:0 2b
Teo; and fometime Grifart, for her colour : fometimes Blareas , and at Parris Bedouo.
‘The: Spaniardes,Ta/ugo, Texon, the Germans Zachs, or Daxs, the lllyrians Gezavecs.
-.Badgers are plentiful in Naples, Sicilly, Lucaneandinthe Alpineand Heluetian coaltsy o>.
foare they alfo in England. In Lucame there is acertaine wildebeatt; refembling both Countrey of
beate anda Hog, not in quantity, but in forme and proportion of bodyswhich therefore breed.
may be fitly calledin Greeke Suardfos, for a Gray, infhort legs, eares, and feet, is like a Calms Curio:
e E — LÁ.
—
E iz
A NO
"ache — Te
> .
beare, but in fatnes likea fwine. Theretore it is obferued, that there betwokindsofthis sys,
ih
“go beaft;one refemblinga Dog in his feet; whichis cald C anine, the other, a hogin his cló- i
uen. hoofe, and is cald Swinifh:‘alfosthefe differ in thefathion oftheirfnowt,onerefep- —.— i
à BER ; 2 ; Diuerfitie of
bling the fnowt of a Dog; the other ofafwine, and in their meaty the one eating fle( and jindes.
icarrionlikea Dogge,the other toorsiand fruits like a hog, as both kinds hauebene found
ju Normandy and other parts of France and Sicilie. This beaft diggeth hera denot. caue i |
In2-
pad SE
inthe earth: andthereliueth, nenercomming forth but for meat and eafemerit; which it |
|
—
—
& fecrerin
their manner ; rs, à :
. The wily Foxe neuer maketh a Denne ror himtelfe, but finding a badgers caue, in her
of dizging
triakéth out of his den:whé they dig their den after they haue éntred a good depth for auoi-
ding the earch out one df them falleth oii the bácke; andthe’ other laiccil all thetarth dn his
belly,'and fo taking his hinder feecin his mouth,drawedl the belly fo deco Bhs
caue, which difburdeneu: her eariage ,and goeth in formoreullallbe finifhed and emptied,
Iidoras. ^ abfence , layeth his excrement at the hole of the denne, the which when the Gray
Albertus. véturneth, if fhe {mell (as the fauour is ftrong) fhe torbeareth to enter as noifome, andío
leaueth her elaborate houfeto the Fox:Thefe badgers are verie (leepie, elpeciallieín the da
time, and tie notabroad, butin the night, for whichicaufe they are called zz tifuge : that
theismeate 83 A#ayders of the light. 1 hey eat honie, and wormes, and hornets, and fuch like thinges,
becaufe they are not veriefwitt of fodteo take other creatures. They loue Orchards, vines,
and places of fruits alfo, and intheautumne they grow therewith vere fat.
They are in quantitie as big as a Fox, but ofa thorterand thicker bodies theit skin is hard,
butroughand tugged, their haire harthand ftubborn, ofan intermingled grifard colour,
fometime white, iometime blacke, his backe couered with blacke, and his bellie with white,
his head from thetop thereofto the ridge of his thoulder, is adorned with ftrakes of white
_ and blacke, being blackein the middle. and whiteat each fide. He hath verie (harpe teeth,
andis thereforeaccounted a deepe- biting beatt, His back is broad, his legs (as fome fay)
loniger on theright fide then onthe lett,and therefore he rünne:h bet when he getteth to the
(ardauit, fdeofa hill, ora cart-road-away. His taileis (hore buthairy,and of diuets colours, having
a long face or fnowt like the Zzbe:hus : his forelegs beitig a full fpannelon g, and the hinder
legs (horter, (hort cares and little cies, a great bladder of gall, a body vericfat betwixt the
skin and the fleth, and about the heart; and icis held that this far increafeth with the Moon,
and decreateth with the fame, being none atall atthe chan ge: his forelegs haueveiie fharp
nidiles, bare andapt to dig withall being fiue both beforeand behind, but the hindesverie
füortonesand couered with haire. Hts 1auour is {tron g,and ismuch troubled with lice
about his fectets,thelength of his bodie from the no fe which hangeth out likea hogges
Bofeto thetaile orrumpe, is fome thirtie inches andalictle more, the haire of his backe
three fingers long, his neckeis thortand liea Dogs:both male arid female haue vnder
Her defence their hole another outwardlie, but not inwardlieinthe male. ' J£fbebe hunted out of her
againft Hun-
ters & theyr
Dogs.
denne with hounds, {he biteth them greeuou(lie if the lay hold onsthem, wherefore they a-
uoide hrer.catefully ; and the hunters. pat great broade-collars made ofa Graies skinne
about theit:Dogges necke, to keepetheir thetafer fromthe Badgers teeth : her nianneris
to fighton her backe, viing thereby. both het teeth: and her nailes, and by blowing
vp her skinneabouemeafureafter an vnkaowne manner: the defendezlihet felfe againft che
ftrokes of menand theteeth of Dogges : wherefore theis hard lie raken, but by deuifes-and
ginnes for chat purpofe inueieds with their skinnes they make quiuers for artows;and fomé
fhepheards in J¢a/y ve thereof to makefacks, wherein they wrappethemfelues- frorthe ind
Yadg: eaten. ~
Medicine’
iury ofraine.
4i uan
16
io
30
In talyand Germany they eàte Gtaves fe‘h, andboile with itpearés ; whiclimaletli the 49
flefh taft like the fe(h of a Porcupine. The fleth is beftià Septeinbér if it be fat, and ofthe
made of Bad. two kindes; the fwinilh: badger 1s better fb then tbeother Thete ate fündry vertues con-
Gratius
fe&ed out of this beaft; foritisaffir ned, that ifthe fatiof a badger mingled with erudy ho-
ny, and annointed vpona bare place of a horffe, wheréthe former-hairesare:pulledoff, it
Brafanolus will make new white haires growe 1a. that places anditis certaine: althoughthd Gieci-
Albertus.
ans make no reckoning of Badgers greafe) yet itisa vette foutraigne thing to fofteny and
therefore Serenus preicribeth it to annoint them that have fevers: orinflarnations of: the
^ bodie, oe 51 TIU il (ND d MU ; a Sz »1o ritballss by sd Vert
Nec lpernendus adeps dederit quem beftia-melis. oli! eril tiat. cio
And notto be difpifed forother cures : as for cxample;the eafiíz ofthe Paine of che taines
if itbe giuenina glitter, andlikewife thefatofa doggeand.a badges rhingled rogithet doe
loofencontra&ed finnewes; ^ © do rod:0 2:3, 98 rk 3d? atitid
Theathes of a badgeris found to helpethebleeding of thé ftomacke; andthe fae: fod
‘anid drunke; preuenteth daunger by the biting ofa mad dogge: andobxwifel/ins affitazetli,
thatifthe blood ofa badget be inftilled into the homes of cattell: with fale} it keepethvrhem
from
50
| s Of the Beare. - 25
fromthe murrain, and the fame dryed and beat to pouder doth wonderfully help the lepro-
fic. The biaine fod with oyle eafeth allaches, the liner taken outof water, helpeth{wellings Bowllus.
inthe mouth and fome affirme, that if one weare foles made of Badgers skins in their
Shooes; it giueth great eafe vntothe gowt. The biting of this beaft is venemous; bicaufe
it feedeth vponall vénemous meates which creepé vponthe earth, although Arnoldus
beofa contrary iudgement: and of this beaft I can report noother thing worth theno- Brafanolus,
ting, faue chat the Noble family of the Taxons ia Ferraria, tooke their namefrom this
creature, |
oc shaves ono odis BEAR: Boa c:
29 - FIT
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— MÀ eee
The Hiflorie of Fovrezfooted Beafts.
] Beare is called inthe Hebrew Dob, and plurally Disbims of
the Arabians Dubbe, of the Chaldeans Duba, Aldub and Da: :
beubes ofthe Grecians aros, offome Dafyllis; becaufe
of the roughnes ofhis haire, of other Beiros, and Monios
fignifieth a folitary Beare. The Latines call him Vrfws,)
which fome conie&ure to be tanquam oruss fignifieng;:
that itis but begunne to be framed in the dammes belly;
and prefeéted after the littering thereof. The Jtalians
callit Or/o, fo alo the Spaniards; the French, Ours, the
© the name
Germans Baer, and Beer : the Bohemians Nedwed, the Po- ^H
butes of this beaft are many among authors, both Greeke
Hpithitesof and Latine : ase£monian beares, armed, filchy, deformed, cruell, dreadfull, fierce,
thebeare ~— ereedy, Callidonian, Erymanthean, bloody, heauy, night-ranging, lybican, menacings
Numidian, Offean, headlong, rauening, rigide andterrible beares allwhichferuetofet ^
forth the nature heercof,as tnall be afterward in particular difcourfed.
Ofthe kinds Firft,therefore concerning fcuerallkinds of beares, itis obferued, that there isin ge-
ofBeares — neralltwos agreater, andaleffer ; andthefeleffer are more apt to climetrees thenthe
Agricola — other, neither do they euer grow tofo greataftature asthe other. Befides there are
Alberts. — Beares which are called Ampbibia;becaute they liue both onthe landandiathe fea, hun- $6
ting and catching fifh like an Otter or Beaner, and thefe are white coloured. Inthe Ocean
Iflands toward the North,there are bears of a great ftature, fierceand cruell, who with
Olens their forefect do breake vp the hardeft congealed yf eon the fea, or other great Waters,
1 and draw out ofthofe holes great aboundance of fifnes : and fo in other frozen fzas are
" imany fuch like, hauing blacke clawes, liuing for the moft partvpon the feas, except
tempeftuous weather driue themito the land. s | A
In the Eafterne parts of 744 there is a beaft in proportion ofbody verielikea Beare,
yet indued with no other quality of that kind, (being neither fo wild, nor rauenous, nor .
ftrong / and it iscalleda Formicarian Beare, for God hath fo prouided, that whereas that
AFormica- countrey isaboundantly annoyed with the Emmets or Aats , that beaft doth fo prey 46
Yd and feede vponthem, that by the ftrength and vertuous humour of his tongue, the fillie
: poore inhabitants are exceedingly relieued from their greeuious and daungerous num-
bers. | |
Beares ate bred in many countries, as in the He/getian alpineregion, where they are fo
Countrey of ftrong and full ofcourage, thatthey canteare in pieces, both Oxen and Horfles, for
breed. which caufethe inhabitants ftudy by all means totakethem. Likewife there are Beares
.... in Perfia, which doerauen beyond all meafure, and all others fo alfo the beares of Awesi-
Mearcellvos dia, which are ofa more elegant forme and comtpofition then the refidue 5
Profuit ergo nihil,miferoquod sommunius vr[os :
Figebat Numidas ei Albena mudus arena. 42
And wheras Pliny affirmeth, that there are no beares in 4frick, he miftookthat country
for Creet, andfo fome fay, that in that land beno VVolues, vipers, or other fuch vene-
mous creatures; whereof the Poets giue a vaine reafon, becaufe Jupiter was borne chere:
but, we know alfo, tharthere be no beares bred in England.
Inthe countiey of Arabia, from the promontory Dirato the South, atebeares which
Volaterran: liue vpon eating of flefh, being ofa yellowith colour , which do farre excel all other bears,
both in actiuity orfwiftnes, andin quantity of body, Among the Roxolam and Zituam-
ans are beares, which being tamedare prefents for princes. Avi/fotle in his wonders tepor-
tech, that there arewhite beares in M4i/ia, which being eagerly hunted,do fend forthfuch a
eee breath, chat putrifieth immediately the flefh of the Dogges, and whatfoeuet other beat
Pues; commeth within the fauour thereof, it makeththe fleth of them notfitto beeaten: butif
either men or dogs approach or come nighthem ,they vomit forth fuch aboundance of
Plegme, that either the hunters are thereby choaked or blinded.
Thraciaallo breedeth white Beares, ad the King of v£thispia in his Hebrew Epiftle
wfiüch he wrotétothe Bishop of Rome affitmeth;that there are Beares in his dountrey :
Dd
* in
oo v" Of the Beave,. 37
In Mu/towiaare Beares, both ofa fnow white, yellow, and dusky colout,andithathbene — ..--
feene thatthe Noble womens chariots drawne by fix horfles, haue beene couered with
the skinnes of white beares, fromthe pafterne to the head: and as all other creatures doe
bring forth fome white; and fomeblacke, fo alfo doBeares, who in general, doe breede
and bring forth their young inall cold countries, fome ofa dusky and fome ofa browne
bbitlgpéolodr 0: 2:30) 30 C021 (9 oes P. zu srp1ptust Dub ACE s
I» Béareis ofamoftvenereous and luftfüll difpofition, for night and day the females ru Qn
with mot ardent tiiflamed defires; doe prouoke the males to copulation; and for ths —
caufe atthat timethey-are’moftferce andangry. faery:
to 7 UPlallgpus Coffer: of Conftinte, did molt contidently tell mee, that inthe Mountaines Giz,
Ofiitiuay, à Beare'carried a young miaide into Tits denneby violencé, where jh Veneréous, A Hiftory
matiner he hadthe cárnallvfe of her body, ant While he kept her in his denne, he dailye
wentfoorth and brought her homethe beft Apples and other fruites he coulde get, pre-
feinting them vito he? forher tneat in very amorous fort; butalwaies when hee. went to
fortagle, hee roiled Phage great {tone vppon the mouth othis denne, that the. Virgin atolndets
fiduldé riót'efcapé away :at length her parentes with long foot d DELI T ertet:
Daughitét inthie Beates den; who delinered her from that fauage and beaftuall captinity « ri ek ale
>on he time oftheir copulation isin the beginning of winter, althoghfometime in Sum- Re a ie
mer, (but füch yoting ones feldome liue) yet 'mojt commonly in February, or January. 5 1
ao Thémafinerdf their copulationis like toa mans, the male mouing himfelfe vpon tbe,
belly ofthefemale; which lyeth on thecartli'latvpon the backe, and either embtaceth
athe? with their‘forefeér? they remiaine verie lotig time inthat a&, inaímuch asif they,
were vérie far at their fitft entrances they difioine notthemlelues againe till they he made,
leane.. e aS
they (without meaté) grow very fat’ elpecially the males ) onely by facingeheirfcre. _
feet! NVheathey enter into their denne, they conuey thein{élues in backward, that fo ‘a fécret..
4
they may put outtheirfootíteps from thefight ofthe hunters. ‘The males giue great Do- nonor tothe.
tior tothe females preat with young, during che time oftheirfecrecie, fo that, a though female,
55 theyllietógitherinone caue; yet doethey part it by à diuifion or {mall ditch in the midit,
neither of them touching the other. The nature ofall of them is, toauoid cold, andther- -1.-n»
forein the winter dime do they hide themfelues, chufing rather to futfer famine then cold; | pasa:
fying forthe moft partthree or foure monetlis togither and neuerfee the light, whereby: ir
their guts grow fo empty, that they arealmoft clofed vp andfticketogither. ——
“When they firft enter into their denne, they betake theinfelues to quietand reft;fleeping
without any awakihg; forthe firft fourteene daies, fo that itis thoughtan eafie ftroke can- TS
fiotawakethem. But how long'the females go with young is not ce rtaine,fome affirm 3. Hon bear
fnoneths; others but 30. daies, whichis more probable, forwild beafts doe not couple ehh
themfelies being withyoung (excepta HareandaLinx ) aad the beares being (as is al-
go teady fiid jvetie luftull, to the intentthat they may no longer want the company of their
males, do violently caft their whelps and fo prefently after deliuery, do after the maner of
Conies betake them(elues to their luft, & norihing their yong ones both togither:& this -
is cettáine, that they neuer come oüt of their caues, tilltheir young ones be thirtie daies
old atthe feaft; and Pliny precifely affirmeth , thatthey litter the thirtith daie aftertheir —. B.
conception; and for this caufe, a beare bringeth forth theleaft whelpe ofallother great Hx oie
beaítes, for their whelpes attheir firft litteringare no bigger then rats, norlonger then whelpe. 3
ones Anger. And whereas it hath beene belecued and receiued , that the whelpes of bears
at theit firlt littering are without all formeand fathion, and nothing buta lictlecongealed
bloodlikea lumpe of &efhi, which afterwarde the old one frameth with hertongueto her
$6 owne likenes,as Pliny, Solinus, /Elianus, Orus, Oppianus, and Quid haue reported, ae ee
the truth moft euidently otherwife, as by the eye witnes of Joachimus Rhetichas,and other, Pstitk 3a
is difproued : onlie itis literd blind without eies, naked without haire;andthe hinder legs Mais ia
notpeifett;the forefeet folded vp like a filt, and other members deformed by reafon of ported
the imogerate humor or moyftnes inthem whichalfo is one caule,why the womb of the
bear cannot retaine the feed to the petfe&tion of her young ones. Mal
| ey
parr L1
CUBE rove: VU ! ERTUTANT ERE TY jo» e260310bo06laieuublosiLI .- 36355]:.5T
“Hhitiediately after they haue conceited, they betake chémfelues to their deines, where Plays...
pe
——
€
-
eme
=
ee Se
SSS
Ae Da
Sa
38
Number of
yong ones
519 jJ
Remedy in
Nature:
"baat gts
ats
‘
afabulous
tale yet vul-
garly belee-
ted,
The meat of.
Beates. 7
Horarv °°!
Wefbertinus —
emcumgemit
vrfus aile.
Ofthe quan-
tity & partes
of Beares,
The parts or
menubers.
a fuperititius
víe of Beares
larde or fat,
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beajts.
They bring foorch fometimes two, and neuer aboue fiue; which che old beare dailye
keepeth clofe to her brett, fo warming them with the heat of her body:and the breath of
her mouth, till they bethirty daies old; at what time they come abroad, being inthe be-
ginning of May, which is the third moneth from the fpring.: The old ones being almoft
dazled with long darkenes, comming into light againe feeme.to ítaggerand reele too
and fro, and then for the ftraightnefle oftheir guts, by reafon of their long fafting doe
eat the herbe 474m, commonly called in Engli(h Wake-Robbin. or Calues-foot, being of
very fharpe and tart cafte, which enlargeth their guts, and fo being recoucred; they:re-
Maine all the time their young are withthem,more fierce and cruellthenat other times,
And concerning thefame Arum, called allo Dracunculus and Oryx., there s.a pleafaunt |,
vulgar tale, whereby fome haue concemed that Beares eat this herbe before their.lying
fecrets and by vertuethereof (without meat, or fence of cold )they pafle away thewhole
WonierinTléepes i, asunto tint pales qdredessdarics edicto CELLS
~ "There was acertaine cow-heardin the Mountains of Heluetia,which comming downe
a hill with a great caldron on his backe, he fawabeare eating of aroot which he had.pulk
led vp with his feet; the cowheard ftood flilltill the beare was gone, andafterward came
to the place where the beaft had eaten the fame, and finding more ofthe {fame roote,. did
likewife eat it he had no foonertafted thereof, but he had fuchadelire tofleepe, thathee
could not containe himfelfe, but he mutt needs lie down inthe way and there fella {leep,
hauing couered his heade with the caldron, to keepe;himfelfe froin the vehemency of 46
colde, andthere fleptall the VV iriter time without harme, and neuer rofe againe; tillthe
fpring time : Which fableifa man will beleeue, then doub:leffe this .hearbe: may, caufe
the Beares to be fleepers, not for fourteene dayes,. but for fourefcore ,dayes toge-
ther. ^ "n
_ The ordinary food ofBeares is fith :for the WVater-beare and others willeate fruites,
Apples, Grapes, Leaues, andPeafe, and will breake into bec- hiues fucking out the ho-
ny ; Likewife Bees, Snayles,and Emmets, and flefh if it beeleatie or ready to putrifie s
but ifa Beare doe chaunce tokilla fvine, or a Bull,or Sheepe;he cateththem prefentlie,
whereas other beafts eate not hearbes ifthey eate fle(b ; likewife, they drinke. water, but
not like other beaftes, neither fucking itor lapping it, but as itwere, euen bitinge at 3o
1t.
: Some affirme, that Beares doe waxe or growe aslong as they liue, that there haue
beenie feene fome of them fine cubits long; yea! myfelfe faw a Beares skinne of that
length, and broader then any Oxes skiane, -
The head ofa Beare is his weakeltpart (as thehande ofaLyonis the ftronge(t) for by
a{mall blow on his head he hath often bene ftrucken deade, the bones ofthe head bein
verie tine andtender : yea moretender, thenthe beake ofa Parrot. The mouth ofa
Beare is ikea Hogges mouth, butlongers being armed with teeth on both fides, like a
faw, and (landing deepe in his mouth, they haue verie thicke lippes, for which caufe, hee
con eafily or haftily with his teeth breake afunder the hunters nettes; except with his
orefeet. dfe at ;
.. Histieckeis fhort,likea Tygers anda Lyons, aptto bend downeward to his meat, his
bellie is verie large, being vniforme, and nextto ittheintrals as in a Wolfe: It hathalío
fourefpeanes to her Paps. ‘The genitall ofaBeare after his death waxeth as hardas horn,
his knees and elbowes arelike to an Apes, for which caufe they are not fwift or nimble :
his feeteare like handes, and in them and his loines is his greateft firength, by reafon
whereof, he fometimes fetteth himfelfe vpright vppontheir hinder legges : thepafterne
of his legge being flethy like a cammels, which maketh them .vnfit for trauell, they
mae fharpe clawes, but a verye fmall taile as all other longe hayred creatures
AUC.
They ate exceeding full of fat or Larde-greace, which fome vfe fitzerftitioullie beaten
with oile, wherewith they annoint their grape-fickles when they go tovintage sperfwading
themelues that ifno bodie know thereof, their tendervine braunches (hall neuer be con-
fumed by catterpillers., — nou Mii
| Other, attribute this to the vertue of Beares blood, and Theophraflus affirmeth,
that
Of the Beare. 39
thar if beares greafe be kept in à veffell, ac füch time as the beares fie fecret, it wiil Afceet.
either fillit vp, or caüfeittoruntie ouer. The lef h ot beares ‘is vnfit for meat, yezfome ,,
vfe to eatit ; after ithath-bene twice fodde; other car it baked in pafties, but the truth is; mm bea-
itis better for medicine then food. Thezphraffus likewife affirmeth, thacatthe time when:
beareslie fecret, their dead efhrencreafeth which is kept in houfes, but beares forefeet 2nother fe
aréheldforaverie delicate and vvell cafted foode, fulloffvveetnes, and much vfed by jd
the German Princes. 3G dioit amr m obo arsed cal
+ Theskinnes of Béates are vfedin the farre Northerne regions for garmentes in the
Wintertime, whichthey makefo artificially, couering themfelues with them from the Theskinnes.
to Crowneofthe headto the feete; that ( as Munfter affirmed) {ome men deceiuéd with that
appearádtice; deemed the peopleiof Lapponia to be hairyallouer. The fouldiors of dé
Mooresiweare garments made of Lyons pardals, and beares skinnés, and fleepe vppon
themyatid fo is it reported of Herodotus Megarenfis the Mufitian, who in the day ume
worea'Eyons skin, andin the night lay in a Beares sheeted a Hart m4
- The conftitution ofthe body of aBeare is beyond meafuüré Phlegmatiqué, becaufé
he faitech in the Witter time fo long without meate : His voyceis fierce and fearefull in
hisrage;butin thenighttime mourhiefull, being giuen much to rauening. Ifa Beare doe
catof Mandragoras; hee prefendy diech, except hemeete wid Emmets; by licking of UE
whome erecouereth : fo likewife; if he be ficke ofaturfet. ^7 no 10t hu J
3o . A Beàáte ismuch fubie& to blindaeffe of the eyes, ‘and fortliat caufe they defire the
hiues of Bees ot onely forthe hony, but by the flinging of the bees, their-éies are cu:
red. It hath not benefeene thata female Beare was taken great with young, whichcom-* | vl
meth to paffe, by teafon that they goeto their Dennes fo foone as they are conceiued; n
and come not outthence till they baue littered: And becaufeof the fierceneffe of this .. ..... |
beaft, they are feldome talenaliue; except they be very young:fo that fomeare killed in Bearete MAC n
the Mouintaines by poyfon, the Country being fo fteepe and rocky that hunters cannot [ i
followethem3 fome taken in ditches ofthe earthand other giunes. Oppianus relateth;
that neare Tygrs "and Armenia, the inhabitauntes vie this Stratigem to ake
40 > ;"Ihepeople go oftento the VWooddes to finde the Deine of the Beare} following tet 1 |
aleam:hound, whofenatuteis fo fooneas he windeth thebeaft, to barke, whereby ne M.
leader difcouereththe prey and fo draweth off the hound with théleàme; then comethé n
people in great multitude and compaffe him about withlong nets, placing certaine men ; li
at eachend : then tie they along ropeto one fideofthenetas high fromthe ground as |
thefinall ofa: Mans belly : whereunto are faftned diuers plumes and feathers of vultures; : |
fwannes, and other refplendant coloured birdes, which with the wind make a noife or hif- |
fing, turning ouer and glifterings on the other fide of che netthey build foure little hones st on f
of gréene boughes, wherein they lay foure men couered all ouer with greene leaues thei Bh):
all being prepared, théy found their Trumpets, and wind their horns; at the noife where- | |
40 of the Beare arifeth, and in his fearefull rage, runneth too and fro as if he (awe fire:'the 4
yoting mén armed make vnto him, the beare looking round about, taketh the plaineft way T MI
toward the rope hung fullof feathers, which being ftirredand haled by them that holde a
it, maketh the beare much affraid with the ratling and hiffing thereof, andfo flying from |
that fide halfe mad, runneth into the nets, where the keepers entrap him fo cunningly, li
thathe feldome efcapeth. es OY f ee "an | hi
» Whena Beareis fétvpon by an arméd man, he ftandeth vpright and taketh thé man 1 )
betwixt his forefeet, buthe being couered all ouer with yron plates canrecejuenoharm, —— (ON
pa 9S may eafily with a fharpe knife or dagger pierce thorough the heart of the a
go °° Ifa(heebeare hauing young ones be huntéd; Thee driuethher VVhelpes before her
vntill they be wearied, and thenif (ne benot preuented, (he climbeth vppona tree, car- "HR
tyitigone of her young in herrtiouth and thie:óther'on herbacke. A Beare willnot wil- |
lirigliefight witha man, butbeing hurtby arn, he gnatheth his teeth, and licketh his
forefeete; and iris reported by ari Ambaffadorof Poland, that when the Sarmatians finde
a beare; they inclofe the whole Wood bya multitude ji people, ftanding not vies
^ 3 cubit
ne
CO ro 5 al REI Re 1o ae
-
tm
o eee
u—
,
A Hikory
Mens,
877
wEliaus
The Hilorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
cubit one from another, then cut they downe the outmoft tréés, fo thatthey raifea Wall
of wood to hemme in the Beares; this being ctte&ed, they raife the Beare, hauing cer-
taineforkes in their hands madefor that purpofe, and when the Beare approacheth, they
(with thofe forkes ) fail vpon him, one keeping his head, another onelég, other his bo-
: dy, aud fo withtorce muzzle him and tie his legges, leading him away,. ‘Lhe Rhetians vfe
this policy to take W olues and Beares : they raife vp great pofts, and croffe them ‘witha
Jong beame laded with heauy weightes, vnto the which beame they. faften a corde with
. meat therein, whereunto the bealt comming, and biting at the meat, pulleth dówne;the
beame vponher uwne pate, ua 2 i sdrtoulér cnini
__ The inhabitants of Helueria hunt them with maftiffe Dogges, becaufe they (hould not "
kill their cattell leftatla rgeinthe fielde inthe day. time 5-1 cy likewife (hoote them with
gunnes, guiing a good fumme of money to them that can bring thema (laine beare. The
Sarmatians vc co take Beares by this tleight vnderthofe.trecs wherein bees breed, they
plant agreat many ofíharpe pointed flakes, putting one hard into the hole wherein ché
bees go inand out, whereunto the Beare climbing, arid comming to pull it forth,.tó the
end that the may cometo the hony, and being angty. that the {take fticketh fo faft inthe
hole, with violence plucketh, icfoorch with bothher.forefeet, whereby the loofeth her
holde and falleth downe vpon the picked ftakes, whereupon fhe dieth, if they that watch
for her come notto take her off. There was reported by Demetrius Ambafladorat Rome, —
from the King of Mu/co, that aneighbor ofhis goingto feek hony, fell into a hollowtree 46
vp to the breltinhony, where he lay two days, being notheard by any man to complainj
atlength camea great Beare to this hony ; and putting inhis head into the tree khe poore
mari tooke hold thereof, wherat the Beare fuddenly affrighted, drew the man out of that
deadly daunger, and fo ranne away for feare ofa worfe creature.
.. Butif there be notreewherein Bees doe breed neere to the place where the Beare az
~ bideth, then they vfetoannoint fome hollow place ofa tree with hony , whereinto Bees
will enter and make ho ny combes, and when the Beare findeth them the is killedas afore:
faide. In Norway they vfeto faw thetree almoft afunder, fo that when che beaft clim-
bethit, fhe falleth downe vpon piked ftakes laid vnderneath to killher : And fome make 4
hollow place inatree, wherein they puta great posof Water, hauing annointed it with 38
hony, at the bottomé whereof are fattened certaine hookes bending downeward; leavi
an efie pafiage for the beare to thruft in her head to get the honie, but impoffible to pull
itfoorth againealone, becaufe the hookes: take holde on het skinne : thís pot they binde
faít to atree, whereby the Beareis taken aliue and blindefolded, and though her ftrength
breake the corde or cliainewherewith the potis faftened, yetcan fnce not efcape or hurt
any bodie inthe taking, by reafon her head is fattened in the pot. |
;. To eondlude, other make ditches or pits vnder Appletrees, laying vpon their mouth
rotten flickes, which they couer with earth, and ftrawe vppon it herbes, arid when the
beare commethto the Appletree, fhe fallech into the pitand is taken. ori 24
.. The herbe W olfebanit or Libardine is poifonto Foxes, Wolueés, Dogs, and Beates, 49
andtoall beafts thatare littered blind, as the Alpine Rhatians affirme. There is one kinde
Of this called Cyclamine, which the Valdenfians call Tora,and with the juice thereof; they poi-
fon their darts, whereof haue credibly receiued this (tory ; Thata certain Vulden/ian fué».
inga wilde beare hauing a dart poyfond herewith, did caft itat the beare being farrefrom
him, and lightly wounded her, it being no fooner done, butthe beare rantoo and fro in
awonderfullperplexitie through the woods, vntoa verie {harpe cliffe of a rocke, where
the manfaw her draw her laft breath, as foone as the poifon had entered to her hart,as hé
afterward found by opening ofher bodie, The like is reported of henbane, atiotlier herb :
But there is a certaine blacke fiih in Armenia full ofpoifon, with the pouder whereof they
poifon figs, and caft them in thofe places whére wilde beaftes are moft plentifull, which go
they catandfoarekilled. . YA ; | b |
Concerning the induftrie or naturall difpofition of a beate, itis certaine that they
are very hardlie tamied, andnotto bee trufted though they feeme neuer fo tame; fot
which caufe there is à ftorie of Diana in Ly/ias, that there vvasa certaine beare made fo
tame, that it vvént vppeand dovvne among menand vvouldefeede vvith them, taking
meat
Of the Beare.
hinkos4 sx
Ai
Albertus.
A Hiftory
“There‘is a fable ofa certaine wilde beare of huge ftacure, which terrified allthem that Celia
lookedvppon her, thewhich Pythagora: fentfor, and keptto himfelfe, verie familiarly
vfing toftroke and milkeher ; atthelength when he was wearie ofher, he whifpered in
hireareand bound her with an oath,that being departed fhe fhuld neuer more harm any
living thing, which faith the fable, (he obferued to her dying day. Thefe beares care not
for any thing thatis dead, andtherefore ifa man can hold his breath as if he were deade,
they willisot harme him; which gaue oecafton to Efope to fable oftwo companions and
$0 fworn friends, who trauelling togither met with a beate; wheratthey being amazed;one
ofthem ranne away and gate vp into atree, the other fell downe and counterfetted him-
felfe dead, vnto whome the beare came and {melt at his noftrils and eares for breath,but
perceiuing none departed without hurting him :foone after the other friend came down
from thetree,and merrily asked his companion what the beare faide1a his eare, marrye
(quoth he ){ne warnd methat I fhould neuer truft fucha fugitive frend as thouart,which
diddeft forfake me in my greateft neceffity : thus far E/op.
They will bury one another being dead, as 7 zezzesaftirmeth, and itis receiued in ma-
ny Nations, that children haue bene Nurfed by beates : Parva throwne outofthe cittie,
was nourifned by aBeare. Thereis in Fraunce a Noble houfe of the fons, whofe firfte
o founder is reportedto haue bene certaine yeares togither nourifhed by a beare, and for
- that caufe was called Prfez : and fome affirme, that 47ce/iuswas fo being deceiued by the
name of his mother who was called 4réfos, a beare: as amonge the Latines was Vy ula.
di)
c $3 cs e ci co "TTE. ?
FECI Soa z U a - wae O . "aS: 5
vel E abanperzndilanesgdetace
alis. Thereisa mountaine called the mot nCy=
intaine of beares i
ge zicus betwixt Cher[one[us and Propontus: fo called, becaufe as fome haue affirmed; Helice
and Cynofura wereturnéd into beares in that place, but clie reafon is moreprobable, be-
caufe it was full ofbeares, or elfe becaufe it was fo high that it feemd to touch theBeare-
ftarre, 1564 T
_ Thereisa conftellation called the beare inthe figure of feauen Starres like a Carte,
whereoffoure ftandein the place ofthe wheeles, and three in the roome of EN
La The
Varrints.
42 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Higa, —_"Thye Septentrions call them Triones, that is yoked Oxen. But there are two beares, a greater
anda leffer. The greater is called Ca//ffoafter the name of Lytaons daughter, who raigned
in Aréadia, whereof many giue diuers reafons ; For they fay Call/ffe was. a companion of.
Diana & vícdto hunt with her being verielike vnzo het, and one day Jupiter came to het in.
the likenes of Diaza aud deflowred het and when {he was withchilde, Diasaasked her how.
that happened, to whom Calli/loantweared, that it happened by her faét: wherewith thé
Goddefie beingangry , turnd her into a beare;in which (nape fhe brought forth Aveas,and
they both wandring in the woodes, weretakenand brought fora prefente vnto Lytaon her
father ; And vpon a day the beare beingignorantof the law , entered into thetemple of Ju-
piter Lycaus and her fonne followed her, for which the Avtadsans would haueflaine them 44
‘both, but Jupiter in pittie of them tooke them both into heauen and placed them among,
the {tarres. . |
» Other fay that Calliso was turned into a beare by Zuno, whom afterward Diana flew, and
comming co knowledge that it was Callyfo, the placed her fora figne in heauen, whichis
, €alled 7 fa Maiere the great beare; whichbefore thattime was called Hamaxa ; but the rea-
fon of thelé fables is rendred by Palephatus, becaufethat Callitus going intoa Beares den
was by the beare deuoured , and fo her fooli(h companions fecing none come foorth but
the Beare, fondly imagined that the Virgin wasturnedintoa beare. _ asd:
There is another conftellation nextto the great Beare, called Arcfophylax, Bootes, ot
the little beare, in whofe girdle is a bright ftarre called ArcZurzs,andfrom this conftella- 2
tion of beares, commerh the denomination of the Artique and Antarctique pole. Other
affirme, that the two Beares were Helice and Cynofura, thetwo Nurfes of Iupiter, becaufe
fometime they are fo named; the caufe whereof is apparantin the Greeke tongue, for He-
lice is a {tarre, hauing as it werea taile roled vp, and cyzofura , a taileat length likea Dogge.
They arealfo nourifhed for fport, foras their bodies doe in one fortrefemble Apes, fo do
alfo their difpofitions beingaptto fundriegeftures and: paftimes, lying vpon their backes,
and turning their hands and feete , rocke themfelues vponthem as a woman rocketh het
childe ina cradle; but principallie for fight : for which occafion they were preferued of old
time by theRomaines : For when Me//ala was Confull, /£zobarbus Domitius prefented in
onering or circle, an hundred Beares, and fo many hunters with them. , 30
| dr Rabido nec proditus ore:
Fumantem na[um viuitentauerisvrft,
Sit placidus lieet , D lambat digito[quemanuque :
Sidolor et bilis fi iusta coegerit ira,
Vefus erit vacua dentes in pellefatiges. |
They will not willinglie fight witha man, although men may do it witliout hurt, fot if
they annoint or fprinklethe mouthes of Lyons or Beares with Vitriollor coppetas, it will
fo bind their chappes togither, that they (hall not be ableto bite,which caufed Martial to
write thus : .
Praceps fanguines dum [evotat vr [us arena,
Splendida iam tecto ceffent venabula ferro:
Deprendat vatuovenator in aere predam,
masc omm iai 7? vifcoperdidit illefugam :
oec mne. eC volet exeufja lautea tarta manti
2 ec Ma faré feras autupis arte iim Eum sud |
- Alexander hada certaine Indian dog giuen vnto him, to whom was puta bore anda beare
ODE fight withall, but he difdaining them, wouldenot once regard them, butwhena Lyon
Sour,» came, herofe vpand fought with him. Beares, they wil fight with Buls, Dogges,and hor-
fes : when they fight wich bulles, they take them by their hornes, andío withthe weight of
their bodie, they wearieand preffe the beaft, vntillthey may eafilieflaie him : and this fight go
is for the moft parton his backe. A Rhinoceros fet on by abear ina publicke fpe&acle at
Rome, did eafilie caft him off fiom the hold hehad on his horne. She doth not aduenture on
a wilde bore, exceptthe borebea fleepe or not feeing her. There is alfo'a mortal hatred bez
twixta horfeand a beare, forthey know one another atthe firft fight; and prepare to com-
bat, which they rather aét by policiethen by ftrength : The beare falling flat on his backe,
he
40 -
10
jo
bs
4o
5°
| Of the Beare. 43
the horffeleaping ouer the beare, which pulleth at his guts with her forefeet-nailes, and is
by theheeles of the horfle wounded to death, ifhe {trike the beare vpon his head. Alfo
beares fearea {ea-calfe, and will not fight with them ifthey can beauoided, for they knowe
they fhalbe ouercome.
Great is the fiercenes ofa beare, as appeareth by holie fcriptureO/ee 1 3. 1wi!l meet them
ai a beare robbed of her whelpes ({aith the Lorde) and will teare in pieces thew froward heart :
And Chafaitelleth Abfalon. 2. Sam. 17. 7i houknoweft that thy father andthemen that bee
with him be moft valiant and fierce like a hee bearevobbed of ber Whelpes : for athee beareis
morecouragious then a male. .
Thereis a filthy nation of men called Taifah, whoare giuen vntoa fodomiticall bug-
gery, to commit vncleanenes man with man, and efpecially wich young boyes ; but.
ifany of them takea wilde bore, orilla Beare, he hall be exempted from this kind of
bea(tly impudicitie . Heliogabalus was woont to {but vp his drunken friends togither,
and fuddenly inthe n' ght would putin among them Beares, Wolues, Lyons, and ii.
pards, muzled and difarmed, fo that when they did awake, they fhould find fuch cham- ,
ber fellowes, asthey could nor behold ( if darkenefie did not blind them) without fingu-
larterrors whereby manie of them fellinto fwoundes, fickeneffe, extafie,and iether
Vitoldus King of Lituania, kept ce: aine Beares of purpofe, to whom he caítall per- t
fons which {poke againft his tirranie, putting them firft of all into a Beares skinne; whofe oEnést Sis
crueltie was fo great, that ifhe had commaunded anieof them to hang chemfelues, the
wouldrather obey him then endure theterror of his indignation. In like fort did Alexan-
der Pharaus, deale with his tubiects, as ts reported by Textor Valentintanus, the Emperor
nourifhedtwo beares deuourers of men, one of them called golden Mica, the other /zzo-
éentia ; which helodged neere his owne chamber: at length after many flaughters of
men, he let Jpzocentia goe loofe in the wooddes for her good deferts, in bringing fo ma-
ny pec pleto their funerals. | |
Thereare many naturall operations in Beares. Pliny reporteth, thatifawoman bee in
fore trauile of child-birth, leta {tone or arrow which hath killeda man, a beare ora bore, Secrets ob-
be throwhe ouer the houfe wherein the Womanis, andíhefhall be eafed of her paine. ferued of
There isa fimallworme called Voluox which eateth the vine branches when they are yong, eia:
but i£the vine-feckles beannointed withBeares blood, that worme willneuerhurtthem. (ollemella
Iftheblood or greace ofa Beare be fetvndera bed, it will draw vnto itallthe fleas, and ío
kill chem by cleauing thereunto. Butthe vertues medicinallare very many : and firft of e4rnoldus.
all, the blood cureth all manner of bunches and apoftems in the fieth, and bringeth haire Virtues me-
vponthe eye-lids if the bare placebe annointed therewith. dicia
The fat ofa Lyon is mofthot and dry, and nextto a Lyons, a Leopards; nextto aLeo-
ards, a Beares; and nextto a beares; a buls. Thelater Phyfitians vie itto cure conuulfed
and diftraéted parts, {pots, andtumors in the body. Icalfo helpeth the paine of the loins,
if the ficke part be annointed therewith, and allvlcers in thelegges or thinnes, whena
plaifter is made thereof with bole-armoricke. Alfo the vlcers of the feet, mingled withal-
lome. It is foueraigneagainft the falling of the haire, c ompounded with wilderofes. | he
Spaniards burne the braines of beare’s when they die inany publicke fports,holding them
venermous, becaufe being drunke, they driuea man to becas magdas at beare; and the like
is reported ofthe heart of a Lyon, and the braine ofa cat. The righteie ofa beare dried.
to pouder, and hung about childrens neckes inalittle bag, driueth away the tertour of
dreames, and both the eyes whole, bound toa mans leftarme, eafétha quartanague.
The liver eae Wi janda bear put togither,and trod to pouder vnder ones thoos,
eafethand defendeth cripples from im&amation : the gall being preferued and warnied
in water, deliuereth the bodie from colde, whenall other medicine faileth. Somegiue it
mixt with Vater; to them thatare bitten with a mad Dogge, holding itfora fingular re-
medie, ifthe party can faft three daies before. Itisalfo giuen againtt the palfic, the Kings
éuill, the falling fickeneffe, an old cough, the infamation ofthe cies, the running of the
eares, the difficultie of vrine, and deliuery in child-birth, the Hamorrhods, the weaknes
ofthe backe. The ftones ina perfume, are good againft the falling euill, and the palfie, and
that women may gotheir full time,they make ammulets of Bears nails;and caufethem to .
weare them iA d they are vvith child: | Of
44 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
OF THE BEAVER A S ud
wh CDi? G
Male and Female. 7
Se UNT
(Ss Beuer is.caled
PUES) in Grecke'Cas
i js flor vin Latine
HS US" TS) Fiber, in'ltali~
. ,anA/mara or Binerg,and Jl
» Caffereósin Spaaithgafor: pe
in French Bieure,&¢ fome
ume ¢aitor s. in Hlyrian,
Bobr , in Germaine Biber
_ all which wordgs,at the
. fft fight feeme to be de-
dined, from tbe..Latine :
‘There isno certain word
foritin Hebrew: in Ara-
bia it 1s called edlbedne-
fier itis alfo called in La- 26
tine canis Ponticus,butca- —
nis fluuatilis is another
beait,as we fhall manifeft
in the fucceding difcours
ofan Otter. :: and the rea-
fon why in Latin itis cal-
led Fibar is, becaufe (as
Varro faieth) it couetech
the fides, banks ,or extre:
mities of theriuer,as the 3e
extremities or lappes of
the eare andliner,ate cal-
led fbr, and the skirts of
garments fzjbrie: butthe
reafonwhy the Grecians
call it Caffor, is notas the
Latines haue fuppofed,
becaufe it biteth off his
owne ftones, quafi caftan-
dro feipfum,asthalbema- 4o
nifeted foone after, but. '
of liffrando , bicaufe for
the ftones therof it is hun
ted and killed,or rather of
Gafler fignifieng a belly,
for that the body is lor
and almoft all belly;or ra-
ther bicaufe ofthe colour
and i\Ifauour thereof —
Thig Beauer is no other so
then that which rz/lotle
calle:th Latax andit diffe-
rethfriom an Otter only
inthejayle. Some com-
parca eauer with a Bad-
| ger,
£ the name
Suluaticur.
The notatió
efFiberirom
the Latine,
The netatió .
ofthe Greek |
word Caftor
What marier
ofbeaft a
Beauer iz.
| umbo Of the Beaher $ 4.5
ger, but they attribute to him alonger
body and fmoother hayre, but fhorter *
and fofter than a Badgers : their colour
isfomewhat yellow and white, afperfed
with a(h-colour, which ftande out be-
yonde the (norter hayres, double their
length :they are neatand foft likevnto
an Otters, andthe haires length of the
one and others colour; is not zquall. ’
te Some haue feenthem brown declining
toblacke , which Albertus preferreths&<
Siluius affirmeth , that his long hayres
are like a Dogs, and the fhort ones like
an Otter. They are moft plentifullin
Pontus for which caufe itis called casa
Porticus 3 they arealfo bredinthe Ry-
uers of Spaine, andin the tiuer Marne
in Fraunce, Padus in Italy, in Sawoy, in
the Riuers irs and Rhoan, andi the
40 [land called camargo,and in Heluetia,
neere Avila, Vrfaand Limagas : Like-
wifethroughout all Germany , Polonia,
Stlanonia, Rufbia and Pruffia: & there cli
are Beuers in the woods of Mofto and Lituania, of excelléat perfection and (tature abouc
others, having longer white haires which glifter abouc other: ‘Thefe beatts liue both in a
the water and on the land, for in the day time they keepe the water, and in thenigh:they Movtetten
keepethe land,and yet without water they cannot liue, for they do participate much of
the nature of fithes,as may be well confidered by their hinder legs andtaile.
Their quantitie is not much bigger thenacountrey Dog, their head fhort, theit eats |
30 very finall and round, their teeth very long, the vnder teethé ftanding out beyond their Their feucral
lips three fingers breadth, and the vpper about halfe afinger, being very broade, croo- 7/75 ,
ked, ftrong and fharpe, ftanding or growing doübleverie deep intheir mouth,bending g diei Bii
compaffe liketheedge of an Axe, and their colour yellowifh red wherwith they defend , TUM |
themfelues againffbeafts take filhesas it werevpon hooks sand willgnaw infunder trees mn.
as bigas a mans thigh: they hauc alfo grinding teeth very fharpe, wherein are certaine
writickles or foldes, fothat they feeme to be made for grinding fome hard fubftance,for i
with them they eate the rindes or barke of trees 5 wherefore the bitinge of this beaftis Du
e ountrey of
biced.
Ny SE
hn
tag
Ste, ES
N SN
c^
ny
C^
ee.
——
e,
x
very deepe, being able to crafh afunder the hardeft bones, and commonly he neuerlo-
fethhis holde vntill he feeleth his teeth gnafh one againft another. Pliny and Solinus af- |
firme, that che perfonfo bitten cannot be cured,except he hear the crafhing of thereeth i
which I take to be an opinion without truth. | | |
They haue certaine hairés about their mouth, which feeme intheir quantity or big:
neffe co berather hornethey are fo hatd, but theirbones are moft harde of all and with- it
out martow : Their forefeet are like a Dogs, and their hinder likea Goofes, madeas it |
|
49
were of purpofe to go onthe fand, & {wim in the water sbut the taile of this beattis moft »
firange ofall inthat it commeth neareft to the nature offishes,being without hayre and
couered over witha skin likethe fcales of fish, it being like a foale, and forthe moft part
fix fingets broade and halfe a foot long, which fome haue affirmed the bea(t neuer pul-
Íech out of the watet ; whereas itis manifeft, that when itis very colde or the water fro- p
go zen hépulleth it vp tohis body, although Agricolaafirme, chat his hinder legs and aile . i
freezewiththe water; and no leffe vntrue is the affeftion, that they compell the Otter in
. timé of colde and froft,to wait vpon their taile and totrouble the water fo thatit may not
\ ficeze round about them ; butyet the Beuer holdeth the Otter in fubiection, addeyther | DM |
\ euercommethitin fight, or killeth itwithhisteeth. —.— i E
This taile he vfethifora fterne when he fwimmerh after fishe to catch them. va i )
t
| | . i
AG The fifiore of Foure-footed Beafts.
hath beéne taken of them whofetaylés haue waied foure pound waight, and thiéy are ac-.
counted a very delicate dith, tor being dreffed they eatelike Barbles.: they arevíed by the: -
8 Lotharingians and Sauoyens tor meat allowed to be. caren on fith-daies, altho ugh the bo-.
Béllonts. — dy chat béareththem be flein and yncleanefor food, The manner of their dreflingis firlt;
roafting, and afierward fcething in an open pot, that fo the euill vapour may go away; and.
fome in pottage made with Satiron ; other with Ginger, and many with, Brine « it is cer--
taine that the tayleand forefect taft very {weet, from whence came the Prouerbe, That’
fiveet is that fi] which is wor fifbe at all, - stl lo aga} zorisd! ath bas cetonC ni
‘fhefé Bealtes vie co builde.them Caues or Dens neere the Waters, fo asthe Water
thei mtg. PAY come into them, ór elle they may quickly leape into the water, and their witor natu» 49
ity ofDens. ral] inuenition in building oftheir caues is moft wonderfull: foryouanuítvnderftandthat, —
in the night ume they go coland, andthere withtheirteeth gnaw down boughes.& trees -
which they likewile bite verie fhort fitting their purpofe, and fo being bufied about; this
worke, they will oftenlooke vp to thetree when they perceiue italmott afunder, thereby
' to difeerne when itis ready to fall, leatt it might light vpon theiz-owne pates: the tree be-
ing down and prepared, they take one of the oldelt of their company, whofeteeth could
not be vfed for the cutting; ( oras others fay ,they conftraine fome ftran ge Beauer whom,
they meecwithall) to fall flat on his backe (as betore youbaucheardthe Badgers doe) and.
vpon his belly lade they alltheir timber, which they foingenioutly, worke and faften ine,
to the compafic of his legsthatit may notfall, and fothe refidue-by the taile, drawehim 3@
ieu, to the water fide, where thefe buildings areto be framed, and this the rather feemethto.
Oliws mae; betrue, becaufethere haue bene fomefuch taken, that bad no haire on their backes : but.
were pilled, which being efpied by the hunters, in piuy.of their [lauery,or bondage, they
haue letthem go away free. sáu vnb Das a eboow 2113 t 219i9H
Thefe beaits are fo conftantin their purpofe, thatthey. will neuer change the tree that
they haue once choten to build withall how long time fo euer they {pend in biting downe
the fame; itis likewifeto be obferued, thatthey neuer go tothefame, during the time of
their labour but in oneand the famepath, andtointhefame; returneto the water againe.
Whenthey haue thus brought their wood togither, then dig they ahole or ditch inxhe
Albertuts’ bankefide where they vnderfetthe earth to begreitvp from falling, with theaforefaide 39
timber :andfothey proceed, making two or three roomes like feuerall chambers, one
aboueanother, to the entent that ifthe water rife chey may goe further,’ and i£ it fall they
may difcend vnto it. Andas the husbandmen of Egypt doc obferue the buildings of the
Crocodile, fo do theinhabitants ofthe countrey where they breed;obferuethe Beavers;
that when they build high, they may expe&an inundation and fowe on the Mountaines,
and when they build lowe, they lookefora calme or drought, and plowthe valleys. There
is nothing fo worthy inthis beaftas his ftones, for they are much foughtafter and defi-
red by all Merchants, fo thacthey will giue for them any great price.’ 90 I
Thereis boch in Male and Female, certaine bunches vndertheir bellie as. great asa
goofés egge, which fome haue vnskilfully taken for their coddes, andbetweene thefe is 40
the fecret or priuie part of both fexes which tumours orbunches arenothiogelfe;but '
a little flefhie bagge withina chin skinne, inthe muddle whereof isa.hole or paflage, out
of the which thebeaft fucketh a certaine liquor, andafterward chetewith annointeth eue
The Codsot part of her bodie thatfhe can reach with hertoong: Now itis verieplainthatthefe bun-
nn softhe hes are nottheir coddes, for thefe reafons ; becauféthatthereis no paflage either ofthe
Rondoletias, feed into them, or from them into the yarde : Befides, their ftones are found withintheir
bodie ; neither oughtthis to {eeme ftrange, féeing that Hares hauethe like bunches,and
alfo the Mofchus or Musk-cat : the female hath but oné paffage forall her excrements, and
to coriceiue or bring forth young ones. linben c 1s oris do 31 i
Ithathbeenéanopinion of fome, that wlena Beauer is hunted and is indanger tobe 50
taken, (he biteth off herowne ftones;kaowing that for chem only heriife is fought,which
cauled Alciatus to makethis Emblem... 6. 6 font bre sblos]
T
a fécret
TheBesner. Etpedibus fegnins tumida c propendulws aluo, .
OMNE Moyrdiéus ipfe fibimedicata virilia vellet:
Bones, Huius ab exemplo difces non parcere rebus,
d Ha
"à WS
Of the Beauer.
Hattamen infidias éffueit arte fiber :
Atque abycit fefegnarus obillaperi ^
Soot Etusttam ut redimas hoftibus era dare. |
Teaching by the example of à Beaucr;to giue our pürffe totheeues, tather then out
liues;andby our wealth to redeeme our danger, fór by this meanes the Beaver often et-
capeth. There hauebeene many of them founde that wanted ‘tones, which gauefome
ftrengthto this errour , butthis was exploded in auncient time for a fable; andin this
andall other honeft difcourfes of any part of Phylofophy, the onely marke wherat eue-
rie good ftudent and profeffor oughttoayme, muft be vetitie and not tales : wherin ma-
ro ty of theancient haue greatly offended(as is mahifefted by Marcellus Virgilius ) efpeci-
ally Plato: and this poifon hathalfo creptinto arid corrupted the whole bodie of religi-
on. The Egyptians in opinion oftheatorefaid Ca/fration, when they will (ignifie aman
that hurteth himfelfe§ they pi&ure aBeauer biting off his owne ftones. But this is moft
fale, as by Sertius, Plinius, Diofcorides, and Albertus, is manitetted: firft;becaufetheir
ftones are verie fmall; and fo placed in their bodie as area Boares, and therefore impor:
fible for them totouch or come by them : Secondly, they cleaue fo faft vnto their back;
thatthey cannotbetaken'awaie buc the beaft muft of neceffitieloofehis life ; and tbere:
fore ridiculous is their relation; who likewife affirme, that when it is hunted (hauing for-
metlie bitten off his (tones; that he {fandeth vprightand (heweththe bunters that he hath
2e noneforthem, and therefore liis death cannot profit them, by meanes whereofthey are
auerted, and feeke for another. Bod Shed s Med lll ugby aoc i a am
Thefé Beauers eate fifh, fruits, andthe bitter rhindes of trees, which are vnto them
moft delicate, efpeciallie Alderne, Poplar,and Willowe ; wherevpon it is prouerbiallie
faid; of one that ferueth another for gate :57e me fubes quotidie vt ‘fiber falicem, y od loue
meas theBeauer doththe Willow, which eateth the barke and deftroieth the tree.’ 5^
' Theylareraken for their skins, tailes, and céds, and that manie waies3 and firft of all
,
"
43
012102
Herus.
; an Emblem.
Thejr foed
Theit caufe
when their caues are found, thereis made a greathole or breach therein, wherintois put oftaking
a little dog, which the beaftefpying, fliethto the end of her denne ,» and there defendet
her felfe by her teeth, tll all her ftru&ure ot building be rafed, and the laide open toler
$0 enimies, whowith fuch inftrumentsas they haue prefent, beat her to death: fome affirm
that fhe rouzeth vp her body andby the ftrong fauour of hir {tones fhe driueth away the
Dogs,which may be probable ifthe ftones could be feene. Thefe dogges arethe fame
which huntwilde foule and Otters. | | "
"It is reported that in Pra/sta they take them in bow-nets, baited with the rinde of trees,
whereintothey enter for the food, but being entrapped cannot go forth agaíne. They
cannot diue long time vnder water but mutt put vp their heads for breath, which being
efpied by them that befetthem, they kill them with gun-fhot, or prerce them with Oc-
ter-{peares, fo that one would thinke feeing {uch aone inthe water, that € was fome hai:
ry kindof fith ; and his nature is, if he heare any noifeto put his head aboue water, wher-
4o by heis difcouered and loofeth his life. His skin is pretious in Polemiacither for garment
ot for gloves, but notfo pretious as an Otters, yet is it vied for theedging ofall other
fur garments making the beft fnew and enduring longeft; they areóeft chat are blackeft,
A fecret;
A levicola;
and ofthe bellies which are like felt wooll, they make caps and ftockings,againft raine and 3
foule weather.
The medicinall vertues of this beaft are in the skin, -Ae vrine, the gallandthe cods: The medicis
and firft; a garment made ofthe skinnes is good for »paralitick perfon, and the skinnes ^ dime:
burned with drie Oynions and liquid pitch, ftayetb che bleeding of the nofe, and being
putintothe foles of fhooes eafeth the gowt. The vrine preferued inthe bladder, is an
Albertus,
Att its;
antidot againft poyfon, andthe gall jeprofitaie for many thinges, but efpecially being Plisy
6 turned intoaglewit helpeth the faling euj. The genitals of a Beauer are called by the
Phifitians Ca/foreum, and ther Ore we wil in this difcourfe vfe that word for exprefling Phy;
the nature, qualities sremed=Ssand miraculous operation therof ,wherfore they muft be
verie warily and skilfull Aken foorth, for there is ina little skin compaffing them about
acertaine {weet humor calle& Humor Melleus ) and with thatthey mutt be cut out, the vt-
ter skin being cut afander to nuke the more eafi¢ entrance andthe Apothecaries vic n
€ake
u--
Hermolaus.
The corrüp-
ting of Ca-
' ftoreum,
**
JY 4A
| er rte
jure
SAL oe wi
Yoon tend T.
155 "11961
'
P
5 bbe + 4h
The dangers
in the vfe of
Cafforenm,
Bra...
be Hifloiie of Foiwe-footed Beajts.
take all the fatabout them, which they put into the oyle of the Gaferewns and fell it vnto
fi(her mien to make baite for fithes: . The females haue {tones or Gafforewm, as wellas the
males, but very {mall ones. Now you mutt rake great heed to, the choife of your Beauer,
and thento the {tones which mutt grow from one rootre conioyned, otherwife (hey re
not precious, andthe beaft mutt neither bea young one nor one; very old; bur incthe
meane betwixt both, being in vigourand perfection of ftrength, 6 o iones
ii ‘The Beauers ot Spaine yceld not fuch vertuous caffareum as they of Ponti; and:there-
foreifit Te Soll takea Pontique Beauer, next one of Galatia; andlaftly of. Afrique:
Some do corrupt them putting into their slinne guinmeand wmnortiacke with blood, o-
ther take the raines of the beaft;andfo make the ea/feresm very big, whichinirfelfeis but 44
fmall, This beaft hath two bladders, which 1 remember notare tn any other liuing creas
‘ture, and youmuft beware tbat nonejof thefe be ioyned withthe euffereumz Youtrnay: .
knowifit be mingled with, dzmoniacke by the taft,tor although tte colour belike; etis
the fauour different. Blateariws lheweth, thatfome adulterate caffereuvi;by takin gofhis
skinne; orfomecod newly taken forth of another beaft, filling ic withiblood;finnewes and
the pouder of eaffaregm, that fo it may not, wanthis {trong 1mellor Guour other illit
with eattband blood; other with blood, rozen, gumme, finnewes and pepper, to miake;it
ta(t (barp. bur this is afalfification difcernable;and of this fortis. the eafferewm that is fold
at Venice, as Brafouala afirmedi ; andthe moft of them fold at this day are bigger chenthe
ttuecafforenm, forthe anft waight of the right ftonesis notabouetwelue ounces anda 26
halfe, one of them being bigger thenthe other, being fixe fingexs breddilong;andfoure
sa bréadth., Now the fubítanee contained in the bagis yellowitn; folid likewaxsand ftick-
3 i
H ing like glew, notfharp and cracking betwixtthe teethi(as the couaterfait is.) Thefe ones
are ofaftrong and ftinking fauour, fuch as is notéaany other, butnot rotten and (batpe
às Grammarians affirme 3 yet I haue {melled, of it dried, which. was notvnpleafarint; and
things once fealoned with the fauourthereof, will euer taft oit. although theyshane not
touched it; but lie couered with itinthefame boxe or pot ; and therefore the cafforeum of
Perfia is counterteit; which hath no uch fimell;for ifa man fmellto the right cafforeuz;
it will draw blood out of his Nolend-o niki ids SHIRE 19:2 Lg IG | od giis
_ After itis taken forth, from the beaft, icmuft behung vp in fore place tobedriedin 39
the fhadow, and whenit is dry, it is foftand white ; it will continue in ftrengthfixe yeares ;
and fome fay feuen ; the Pér/Zapsaffirme; thattheir cafferewm willbold his vertüeten years;
whichis as falfe as the matter they {peake of is counterfait. Archigenes wrotea whole book
ofthe vertue ofthiszaffóreum, whereunto. they inay.refort, that.require ah exact and full
declaration ofall his medicinall operations :it(ballonely be our purpofe, to touch fonie
:enerall heads, and notto enter intoa particular difcduery thereof. |
_, Being fo dried as1s declared, iumuft be warily vfed, toric falleth out heereim as ino-
ther medicinal {ubie@s, that ignorance turneth a curing herbe orfubftance, into avene-
mous and deftrugtiue quality 5 therefore we willfitft ofall fet downe'the daungers to be
auoy ded, and afterward fome particular cures tliat come by the right vfe of it: Therefore 40
it mutt be vnderftood, that there is poyfonin it; not naturally, butby actidentsasmay. —
bein any other gocdand wholfome matter : and that efpecially inthe finellorfauorther-
of,whereunto ifa worian with childe doe fmell, it vvill kill the child: vnborne'and caufe
abortement :for a vvománs womb is likea creature nourifhed with good fauotsyand de-
ftroyed with euill: theteforeburng offethers, shoo-foles, wollenclothes, pitch, Galba-
8umsgumme, onions; arid garlikess noyfometo them. It may be corruptednot onely,
as is before declared j buralfo, ifit b«fhut vp clofe without vent into pure aier, when it
is hanged vp to be dried, orifthe bag bukeptmoyft, fo that. itcangot dry; anditis true
(as Auiten{aith) that ificbe vied being {@<corruyed, it killeth within adaies fj pace, dri-
uing one itito madneffe,making the ficke peifon Cotrinually to hold forth his tongue,and $9
- infe&ing him witha feuer by inflaming the bodie, loGig the continuitie ofthe partes,
throughfharp vapours arifing fromthe ftomack sand fo abso cac at will infamesif
youtakea little ofic mingled with oyle,and rubbe vpon any ort of the bodie, orvpon
yournaile, you fhallfeeleit. /— ^ | fs ithe E.
But chereis alfo a remedie for itbeing corrupted; namelie; Afles mille miseled with
/ fóme..
!
/
/
0f the Bener. ) io
fome fharpe firrop of Citron, or i£need require diinkea dram of Philons Antidotatthe
moft, or take butter and {weet water which will caufe vomit, and vomit therewith fo long,’
as you feelethefauour ofthe ftone, and afterward take firrop of Limmons or citrons : &
Íomeaffirme vpon ékperience,thattwo penny waight of Coriander-feed, {corched in the
fite; is a prefentremedy for this euill. And itis more flraunge, thatfeeing itis in greateft
ftrength,when thefauor is hottéft,which is very difpleafing to a mans nature in outward
appearance, yet doethit neuer harme a man taken inwardly, ( being pure and rightly
compounded] ifthe perfonbe without a feuer, forinthat cafeonely it doeth hurte in-
wardly; otherwifeapply itto a moift body lacking refrigeration, or toa colde body wan-
re tig excalfation, ortoa colde and moift body, you fhall perceiue an euident commo:
dity thereby, ifthere bee no feuer : and yetit hathprofited many whete thefeuer hath
not beneouerhot, as in extafies and lethargies, miniftred with white pepper, and mel--
licrate,and with Rofe cakes laid to thenecke or head. The fame vertues it hath being out-
watdly applied and mingled with oyle, ifthe bodies bein any heate, and purely without
oilejifthe body be cold, for in heating it holdeth the thirde degree, and in drying the fe-
cond: The maner how itis to be mintftred is in drink, forthe moft part, the tweet lickor
being taken from it;and the little skinnes appearing therein clenfedaway, and foit hath
among many other thefe operations following. Drunke with vineger, it is good again{t |
al venim of Serpents,and againftthe chameleon butwiththis difference,againflthefcor- — . [i
£6 pion Withwine;againtt fpiders with {weet water,again{t the Lizzards with Mirtite;againft |
Dipfusandcerafess with Oppenax , ot wine made of Rew, and againft other ferpentes with |
wine fimply.Take ofeuery onetwo drams, for a cold take ita ícruple arida halfe in foure
cups of wine, víed with Ladapun, it cureththe Fiftulaand vicers, prouoketh neezing by Csftoreod,
finelling to it, procureth fleepe, they being annointed with it: maiden-weed & conferue grasimuler
of Rofes, and being drunkein Water, helpeth Phrenfie, andwith the rofes and Maiden- fopira recom
weed aforefaid, eafeth head-ache : Being layd tothe headlikea plafter, itcurethallcolde ^.
and windy affections therein, or if one drawe in the fmoake of it perfumed, though the
aine be fromthe mothers wombe, and giuen in three cups of {weete vineger fafting, it ..
—. helpeththefallingficknes; but ifthe perfonhaue often fits, the fame giuenina glifter; gi-
$e uethgteat eafe: Then mutt the quantity betwo drams of ca/foreum, onefextary of honey
and oyle,and the likequantity of water, but in t he fit ichelpeth with vineger by fmelling WR
to it.Ic belpeth the palfie, taken with Rew or wine;fod in Rew, fo alfo all heart trembling, H |
ache inthe {tomack, and quaking ofthe finewes.It being infufed into them that lieinLe- |
chargies with vineger andconferue of rofes doth prefently awake them, for it ftrength-
nerhthebraineyand mooueth fternutation,..Ithelpeth obliuion comming by reafon of
fickaes,the party being firit purgd with Brera Ruf fi:cafforenm,with oyle boundto the hin-
der part of the head, and afterward a dram drunke with Me/eraze, alfo taken with oyle,
cureth allconüulfion proceeding ofcold hamors, ifthe conuülfion be filland perfe&;& "s ^
nottemporáll orinfome particular member, which may come:to paffe inany ficknes. .: { M
qo c Lhe fame mixed withhony helpeth the clearnes of the eiés;and theirinflamationss «^^ T1 li
*- Jikewifevfed with theiuyceof Popie,andinfuledtotheeares, or mixedwithhioney;hel- — at a
pethall painesia them. Withthefeed of henlockes beaten in vineger, it fharpneththe
fencéafhearing; ifthe caufe becolde,'and it cureth tooth-achinfufed ito that eare with
oyléon which fide-the paine refteth for Aippoerates fent vnto the wife of. bee [coms
due of the painein hercheeké and teeth Ja little exZorzwmr with pepper, aduifingher 2... "y |
to hold itin her meüthbetwixt het teeth. A perfume ofit drawnevp intothe head & fto« | CBE]
amackeseafeth the paines of the lights aud intrals; and. giuento them thatfighmuch with = |— iu
Íweetvineger fafting: it recouererhthemi Ic eafeththe cough and diftillations ofrhewme — :
frotnthe head to the (Lomacke taken with the iuyce of blacke Popye; It is preferuatiue ae i
"do gainft inlàmations & pains in the guts or belly Jalthough the belly be fwolne with colde (
~ windy humors, |being drunke with vineger; or Oxyerate, it eafeth the colicke gtuen vida...
annifie beaten fmal;and two fpoonfuls of fweet water : arid itis found by experiment,thar ! JANI |
vheniahofffe cabnot make vvater; let him be coueted óuervvithhiscloath;andthenput . —. . |
wndérneath him fire of coles,vvherein make a perfume vith thated/forenm till the hor- egets... |
Ses belly and cods smell thereof, then taking avvay the coles,vvalkthe horffe vp & dovvn "i
couered,and he vvill prefently ftale. F T9 nur
wet
ty
50 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
To foften the belly they vfe Ca/toreum with fweetwater two drams; andifit be not fer- |
cibleenough,they take of the rootofa fet cucumber one dram,andthe fome of falt Peter
two drams.Itis alfo vfed with the iuice of VVithy and deco&ion of Vineger applied to
the rains and genitall parts likea platter agaimnft the Goworrhean paffion. It will ftir vp awo-
mans monethly courfes, and caufean eafie trauaile, two drammes being drunke in water
with Penny- Royall. Andifa Womanwithchilde goe ouet a Beaner, (he will fufter aborte-
ment, and Aypecrates affirmeth, thar a perfume made with Cafloreum, Affes dunge, and
{wines greace, openetha clofed wombe; ep Pale
|, There isan Antidot called Diacofiu, made of this ¢afforeum, goodagainftthe Me- to
erim, falling (ickneffe, apoplexies, palfies, and weakeneffe of limmes,as may befeenein —
Myrep[us :againit the impotency of the tongue, trembling ofthe members, and other
fuch infirmities. Thefe vertues ofa Beaver thus defcribed, I will conclude this difcourfe
Amiaculus. witha Hiftory ofa ftrange beaftlike vnto this : related by Desranus campus-bellus(a noble
Sees kni. )who affirmed, chaz chere are in Arcadta,feuen great Lakes,fome 30 miles compaffe,
Menie. and fome leffes whereof oneis called Garleil, out of whichin Anno 5 10.about the midft
of Summer, ina morning, came a Beaftabout the bignes ofa water dog, hauing feet like
a Goofe,.who with his taile eafily threw downe {mall trees;and prefently with afwift pace
he madeafter fome mea thaz he faw, and with three ftrokes he likewife ouerthrew three of
them, the refidue climbing vp into trees efcaped;and the beaft withoutany long tatrying, _
returned backeagaiae into the watet; which beaft hath at other times benefeene, anditis 2e
obferued, thatthis appearance of the montter, did giue warning of fome ftrange euils vp-
onthe Land: which ftory.is recordedby Hector Boerhius,. |
A fecret
Wm clo OB THEBES ON,
Ofthe name 21 MÀ B {On called offome Latines though cortuptly Hrfon, and
ELA Ne 1^ ANY Velen, of the Gracians, Béfoon, ofthe Lituanians Saber, of
4 9 IthePolonians Zaber, fromwhencefome Latines deriued
'Zubro, fora Byfon.. Ofthe Germanes Vifest, and Vafent,
(& Wifent :à beaftvery ftrange as may appear by his figure
prefixed, which by many authors istaken foras, fome
a |ifora Bagle, or wild Oxe, other, for Rangifer, and many for
the beaft Tarandus a Buffe. By reafon whereof there are
J| Inot many things, which can by infallible colle&ion be lear-
A : 3) ned ofthisbeattamong thewriters 5 yet isit truely and ge-
"pd 4, nerallyheldforakind of wild Oxe, bred inthe Northern parts of the worldforthemoft
part, arid neuer tamed, as in Scythia, Mofcouia, Hereyniay Thracia, and BrufGa. But-thofe
Philoftephan: tall wilde Oxen which arefaid to be in Zappazia, andthe Dukedome of 4ngermannia, are 49
Thereafon more truely faidetobe 777, as intheir ftory fhall be afterward declared Theirnamejs
taken from Thracia, which was once called Bz/fonia, and the people thereof Bi/fones from
Uam". — piffochefonneof Cit. and Terp/icores;andthereofcame Bistonia Grues,cranes of Thratia,
Stephanus and pistonia Locus, tor the lake or fea of Diees, neere Abdera, where neuer living thinge,
38
a fecret in : ; 3] " n
the lake Di. Or other of lefle weight was:catt in, but it prefently (unke and was drowned.
cxa "This Bifon is called Taurus Peonicus, the Paenian-Bull, whereof I findtwo kinds; one
. ,. ofgreater; andanother oflefferfize, calledthe Scotian or calydonian Bifon, whetcof you
Sewsl kinds. (2I (ee the piQure and qualities atche foot of this hiftory. (r335wt
- "Thegreateris as big as any Bull or Oxe, being manedabout thenecke andbackelikea |.
Lyon, and hathhaire hanging downevnderhis chin or neather liplike alarge beard: and Y
— the great Bi- Arifingorlitdleridge downealong his face, beginning atthe height of his head, and con-
fon. tinuing to his nofe very hairy; his hornes great and very fharpe, yet turning vp towardés
The feuerall DiS back,8¢ atthe points hookedlikethe wild goats of the alps, but much greater: they are
puss. | Black of colour,and withthem throgh the admirable ftrength of his neck can hevoffeinto
(5€ the
Neo S Offre Bifano s 51
10
Liye pup
I
CLE LADY) \
20.
theayre,a horfeand horfeman bothtogithet. They areas big asthe Dextary whichare Thefiee
the greateft Stallions of Italy. Their face looketh downewarde, andthey hauea ftraunge^ ^ *
ftrength intheirtoong, for by licking they grate like a file any indifferent hard fub{tance, the quantity
but efpecially they can therewith draw vnto them any man or beaft of inferiour condi- of Prions.
_ tion ,whom by licking they woundtodeath, |... rien cae
39 Their haire is red; yellow, or black, their eyes very great and terribles they {mell like
a Mofchus ox Musk-cat, and their mane reacheth ouer their fhoulders, fhaking it irefully
when he brayeth; their face or forehead very broad, efpecially betwixt their hornes;for .——_
Sigi{mund king of Polonia, hauing killed one of them in hunting ,ftood beqwixt his horns, —77
with two other men not much lefler in quantity then himfelfe,who was a goodly well pto- *
portioned and perfonable Prince. : ane 729A S
Therearetwo bunches onhis backe, the former neare his fhoulders, which is the
higher, andthe other nearethe rumpe, which is fomewhat lower. 'I haue feen the horns
of a Byfon, which was in the hands of a Gold-fmith to lippe with Siluérand Gilt, that it. -
might be fit to drinkein : 1tdid bend like the talant ofan Egle or Gryphin, orfomeraue-_. 4. i ^
40 nous bird. The flefh in Summer timeis moft fat, but it tafteth fo much ofwild-garlicke, this beat.
or ramfens, that ít is not pleafant to eat, being full of fmall vaines andftrings, and is ac- Bonarus.
countedanobleand ftrong kind of fleth: the bloodis the moft pureft in the world,excel- 2are.
ling in color any purple,and yet for al that itis fo hot that being let forth whé the beatt di-
eth, within two houres {pace it putrifieth, and the flefh it felfe inthe coldeft winter will
notkeepe {weet many houres, by reafon ofthe immoderate heate thereof, ifthe Hunter | |...
do not prefently after the fall ofthe beaft, feperate from it che'intrals :and which is moft che inward
frange of all, being piercedaliue with any hunting fpeare, dart, or fwotde, the weapon elg thig
* by the heate ofthe body is made fo weake and foluble, thatitcommeth forthas flexible“ '
as lead : andto conclude, itis amoft nobleand fierce {pirited beaft, neuer afraid, or yeel-
go ding till breath fayleth, neither can hebe taken withany nettes or ginnes, vhtill they be
thoroughly wearied : Whereforethey which hunt him, muft bee very ftrong,nimble, their hátiug.
and skilfull men, or elfe that {port will betheir owne vndoing and ouerthrow,
— ~Therefore when they goto huntthis Byfon, they choofe a place replenifhed with lar
trees, neither fo great that they cannot eafily wind about them, nor fo little that they tha]
pase t= 3 i P.
Sigifin: bares
p ace a ap caren moon DUM EDEN
—
MU E
—
".
5
InPhecicis — Daufagias (heweth how thefe Byfons are taken aliue, inthis fort.The hunters (faythhe)
chufe outfome fteepe aad flippery-downe hill, whereupon they lay fkinnes of beafts new-
ly taken off, and ifthey wantfuch,then annointthey old skins with oyle;and fo leaue them
{pread vppon thofe fteeping or bending paffages : then raife they the beafts, and with
dogs VM other means onhorfeback driuethem along to the places where they laid their
hides,andas foone as they come vpon the skins they flip and fall downe, rowling heade-
longtillthey come into the valleys,from whence they conftraine them back again:fome
other way,three or foure times aday making them fall downe the hils as aforefaid, and fo *
wearying them with continual hunting,and fafting. At the laft they come vnto them,when
they are no more ableto rife for faintnes, & giue them pine-Aples taken out of the fhels,
(for with that meat arethey delighted Jand fo while they eagerly feed and ly weary on the
cound,they intoile them in bands and manacles, andlead them away aliue: The medicins
comming fromthis beaft may be coniectured to bemore forcible, then ofcommon and
ordinarie oxen, but becaufe they were not knowne to the Greczans and Arabians, and wee
. find nothing recorded thereof: we wil conclude the ftory of this great Bifon swith a good
' opinion of the vertues, though we arénotabletolearne ordifcouerthem toothers, | ,
M Of the White S cotian fon.
How Bifons
are také alme
the medicins
pot krniowné,
the firít man, if he cry Lu-lu-/u.
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
hotbe able to cover theyr bodyes from thehorne or tongue of the beaft : behinde which
the hunters place themfelues oütof fight : and then the Dogges rouze vp the beaft, dri-
uing him to that place where the hunters ftand,' whome the beatt firft efpieth,to him hee
maketh force, who muft warily keepe the tree for his fheild, and with his {peare wounde
him where hee can, whe willnot fall without many mortall ftrokes, but waxe more and
more eager, not onely with horne but with tongue, for if he can but apprehend any part
of the hunters garment with his tongue, he loofeth no holde but draweth him vnto him,
and with his horneand feetkilleth him : butifthe fight be long, andfothe hunter wearied
and out of breath, then doth he cata red cap vnto the beaft, who maketh at it with head
and feete, neuer leauing illic bee in peeces 3 and ifanother come tohelpe him as hunters
mutt, ifchey willreturne aliue,then {hall he eafily draw the beaftto combate, and forfake
yo
. Mane,fromwhencecs-.
isthegreateftbeaft;bul: 9° NY
*6
j 20:
Of the Bifon. ww) ae
NtheWoodsofS cov 1 aw », called Callendar ot Caldar,8¢ Placeswhet
sinauncienttime C at tp 0 w 1a, which reacheth from Mone 16s Bons
itethand Erunall,vmo Atholia and Loqubabria,thae arebred
| white Oxen;manedaboutthe necke hike a Lyon, tut inother |
j| ‘parts like ordinary and common Oxen. ‘This wood was once :
fullof chem, but now they areall flaine, except in tat. parte
which is called Cummarnald. This beaftis fo hatefulland fear- Te nature
2] hearbes, whereof hefauoureth a man hath touched, no not:
for many daies togithet :and if by artorpollicy they happen to be taken aliue, they will
die with very fullen eriefe. Ifthey meete a man, prefently they make force at him, fearing
neither dogs, fpeares, nor other weapons. > Their flefhis very pleafant, though full o£
finewes,and very acceptableto the greateft Nobles, for which caufe they are now gio-
wen toa fmallnumbet, their qualities being like to che former beaft; excepting their cv
lourand beard, I will tearmethem a white calidonian, or Scotian B1 s o w. TO lis 9)
BONASVS, thefigureofthe bead 0
and Hog w zs.
His beaft is
£7! caldin greek
Li 323 ponaffos ,&
SS in Latin Bom ^
nafJtts and is alfo called. .- ufi FS CR
once in Zriffotle Bolin- EAM II e
thus: The Bohemians Lo: Eu M
ni,now the Germans &
Engli(he call the long
haireaboutthe necke of - \\
auye beaft :a Maze or
& Of the name
PROMOTER T SUR
meththis word Mogapi- |
95 ,"Which..fignifieth a.
maned Oxe. This Bjfom oo KZ
/ NL SDISIZIG JI 190W SOY efthename
on dm hanc osng T inrer osi qo csv -Mosapios
or Oxe; though it be fhorter inlength, yetarethe fides larger and broader thenallother. pee
They are bred in Pconiain.the mountaine Meffapus ; not in Lydia and | Porygia, as Solinus their breed.
and Albertus haue deliuered ; being deceiued, becaufethe Peonians were ioyned withthe 2
Medianss which they deriud from Madi à people of 4/7, whereas the Peontans and Meds
in Plinys (asis obferued by Hermolausia his ¢a/tigations of Pliny area people of Thricia,
inE v& o? es focalledof Peon the fonne of Endtmion and brothe of Epeus, who was fea- “Paufanias
ted.nceretlietiüer À xt v sin Macedonia; for it was agreed betwixtthe two brechren{iri-
uing forthe kingdome, that he which was outrunne by the other fhould yeeld theking-
domein quietneffe to hís brother.’ 07!
~The head of this beatt is like the head ofan Oxe or Bull, his hornes bending roundto His pas
the fides of the checke;by teafon whereof hehathsiodefence by them, neither can aman sitat
be hurtthatiscaft vponthem: Hisneckeis very thicke with alarge mane, from his eyes *'
downe to bis fhorilders iri length like-a: Horfes, but the biirethereofis much fofter,and |.
lyeth nitate finoothly,rhevppermott haires' being harfker,andthe vndermolt fofter like
' qooll. Their colour betwixtred and afhcoulours but Macke and yellow appeareth not in :
chem; They haueno-vpper teeth in this point refenbliug ati Oxe and other horned
‘beafts : their hórnes bei gin compafíc abournineynches and fomewhat more, areverie
HA seu on p bediss iwollol 31920 ox Éigod ouDT o Dg; ifmoodi
- " E í thi Bil ~ Bx
Al full of mankind; that it will not feede of that grafie or thofe Y A5 BOR aque
VUL cc penne SSS ——
prisci ei a occ ee UE ee e mapa
mE
eS
S
IT Ti —
RIA.
Sa
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
fmooth and blackelike varnith. Their voice is like the voice ofan oxe, their legs all hai-
ry) and their feet clouen their taile too thorte forthe orher members of the Body like
His Acth and
~ aDBugles;theit backe ftretched out at length, is as long asa. feat forfeauen men, their |
eri fc(n is very fweet, for which caufehe is much foughttor in hunting, hee will with his |
iipontion te 3 1 . : : so Yet
anger, feetdigvp the ground like an oxe or bull in hisrage, when he is once ftroke he flyetha-
|. way;fightiig with his heeles ba ckward, and whereas nature hath denyed him the bene-
aola i» fitofhornts which other beaftes haue, fo that hee is onely adotned and not: armed by
"T heietret thofe weapons, like a fouldiour that cannot draw foorth his {word : (he hath giuen him
dodi of the {écrecoperationofhis dung : which in his chafé he cafteth forth of his body fo plen- 1o
is dung.
tifully,vpon the Dogges or other that purfue. hii, by the {pace of fourépaces backe-
ward, that he flayeth their courfe, and the heat ofthis dungis fo admirable,that itfcor-
chethor burneth the haire or skinne ofany beaíles or men that hunthim: neither hath
this Áimefüch vertuous operation atany other time, but onely when the beatt flieth, be-
ing hnnted and purfuedtor life, at other times it lying quiet,there is no fuch vertue ther-
in: neither ought this to feemeincredible, feeing many other beafts in their chafe;haue
Thereafon the likcorat the leat do then eiect their excrement more plentifally and noifomly then
ofthe heat & yt other times -as the Cuttell-filh,for when in chafe the intrals are heated;and the paflage
eperation of fomewhat reftrained, fothat the holding in of breath breedeth more wind in the guttes,
ment. it may very naturally chaunce, the excrement being with the inclofed wind and heatfene
y^ forth by violent eruption, that it may flie farbackward, and alfo burneas aforefaid. Thefe 2e
I PES beafts calue in the mountaines,and before that time commeth fhe chufeth a place,which
forcaluing be wallethin withthe abundance ofher owne dung, fo high as it may couet her younge
one, for there is no beaft that is naturally fo full ofexcrement as a benaffus. |- Theireares
arevéry broade as the Poetfayeth, Patate capri [ub cornibus aures, broad cares, vader
crovked winding blunt hornes,theskinne is fo large;that it hath couereda goodpart ofa
houfe, theinwárd colour whereofis like the eatth whereon the beaft did vfeto feed. That:
excellent Phifitian of England John Cay, did fende mee. the head of this beaft; with chis
defzripioninanEpilllefaying. 5. 4 x a [4 :
Sind vnto thee the head ofa great wild beaít, thebare mouth and the bones fupporters:
Thevelation OF he horhes being very weighty, and therefore bearing vp fome like heauy burden, 3
of Iobn (ay. the hyrnes are recurued and bending backward, fo that they donotfpire dire&ly. downe-
a Doftor of ward lat rather forward, though inactooked manner, which becaufeit could notappeat
Phyfickin forward, as they doe when the Beaftisaliue, therefore they are defcribed turning onthe
England ^ one fide: the {pace betwixt the hornes or bredth of the forehead is three Romanpalmes
** andahalié; the length of the hornies, three palmes one finger anda half,and their compas
. __«¢ where ther are ioyned to the head, is one foot, one palme anda halfe.Inthe caftle of ware
men vty, Wicke whereare preferued the armoriahd fpeare of one Earle Guy of Warwickeamoft
orco Nt valiant ftrongman, I haue feene the he? de'ofabeaft not vnlike co this, fauing that ifthe
, «c bonés whereon the hornes grow fhould beioyned together, then would the hornes bee
ap ‘longer, ahd of another crooked fathion:And ia thefame placethere is alfo thenecke bone 40
of the fame bedft; the compaflethereofis atthe leaft three Roman feet, two palmes;.ànd
cc ahalfe;whereünto Fiiayalfo adde that fhoulder. blade which hangeth onthe: North gate
: of tlie citty of Coventiy, being in the lowelt part three foot broad and two fingers,atid four
» ** footlong andtwo palmes:and rhe compafic'ofthe arme-hole wherein the fhoulderis ióy«
«c ned, is three foote aid 4ne palmes andthewholecompafic of them both ibreadthand -
Jenerlisiseleven footone pale anda halfevo «doni od sap cob adiri gai
a Inthe chappell ofthe Gid great Guy, diftant from Warwick about onethoufand paces;
." «« for'a'milé] there hangeth zxibbe'ofthisbeaft| as TYappofe] the compaffe whereof in the
votes, “fnralleftp)ace is three palmesjandin length itis fixe foote anda halfe, the ribbeis dry and
** Yotteitin'the fuperficies therof. The valgar people affirme; thatiris the peeceofaBoare, 59
cc which Was (laine by Baile Guy, schet fay, by tradition of theirelders; thatitisapieceofa —
wilde Cow remainirig neére Coventry,& did much harmto many people : which latter o-
S€ pinion I embrace taking itfora 2024/6; whoin moft thingsis like cow; and; thetefore
«c Íomeaffirme itis an Indian Cow [butignorantly] becaufe any thing that is noticommon
.. ds vfuallyattribütedto fome ftrange ceuntri-breed [withan addition to thaticmoft ofall
refemblet;] The fhapeofthefe horns are heere following difcribed. Thus farre D, Cay.
bise
€c
1
A
bcd
eS AS E
0 3 EE
Of theBufe. E
|
it
| d
TTT S o Y | | ME |
mum D
i! (| [i
| DU {- Nl
PE |
| j | y | 1
: jl \ J | y d i 1
| il \ We Í 4i
Ny | i
: : | Hu
| 39. XV hereunto Taffent holding his conieétures tobe very probable,vntillby the diligent " 4
| induftry offome othet;or my owne eie fight we may deliuer to the world fom more affu: IV
red and perfea knowledge in thefe kinde of beaftes. Exhorting in the meane feafon all li
learned tiien, to difcouer more exactly their prefent or future knowledge heerein, to the
high benefit of al them that are diligent ftudents inthis parcof Gods creation. — .
2 bo 2 i , OF CDHE BVFFE.
V MP IS iei Leg Of the haine
Buffe is called in Grecke Tarandos, and in Latine Taranduss ~ vind of
? ||whichfome haue corrupted barbaroufly, terming it Paran- Buff. *
Dt d tdrus and Pyradus, and I conieture that itis the fame beatt,
which the Polowians call Tur ot Thuro ;howfoeuer other con-
found this Tarandws with another ;beaft, called Rangifer 5
and femme with akind of 7s, which haue many properties in
common witha Buffe, yet my reafon, why the Polonian Tur | TOR
can beno other then a Buffe, is becaufethe head and mouth |
differeth from thofe beaftes, and alfo bycaufe this is taken LOUER |
SALA jin Sarmatia, where the common people call it Daran ot Da- aka) |
4%, although the later writers callit Duran and Daraw,andtranflate ita Bonnafus , which AUN
«o can by fo meauesagree with this beaft ;and the name of Daran ts eafily deriued from 74- on
yandus ot Tarandos.
e ——— 5 ent
MEL. —--
ADAE CSI e gs EET
Alfothatthe Polozion Tar fhould not bea Buffe all that can be obiected, is, thatthe
Hornesthereof are cragged or branched, which thing Pliny attrybuteth to a Buffe: M i |
whéreünto Lanfwer, that the auncients did confound a Buffe with an Elke, anda Razgi- TU |
fer ;forin the difcription ofan Elke they vary ;diuers times miftaking one for me | ! |
UE
| | FER
n
|
Api be
p
rout d TEL TET
C fe " ( iy
j |
i
d,
NN NNNENIANNNNANERN
AN
prd
——
EEE
=z
3 A
3 Jp
pen
8 IU reafonthatthey wrote altogither by report, none of them being feéne in their contries,
k d and therefore may eafilie be deceiued ina Buffe, as wellasinan Elke. The chiefe authors
of.his opinion haue beene Sir Thomas Eliot and Georgius Agricola, wich whom I will not
BT To conrend nor with any other man that can giue better reafon : for P/rsy maketha Buffe to.
bea beatt proportioned betwixtan Hartandan Oxe; of which fort is nora Rangifer, as
SSS
a Rangifer;aud pref uming chat the Polenjam T n v 8/0 or Turis a Baffeywe will praceedto
11 his difeription. ; alf; ot sutobutisusailib 51s xs prior n To 3n oris ene
^ - P The head of this beaft is like the head of a Hart, and his hornes branched or ragged ;
parts. his body for the moft part Like awilde Oxes, his haire deepe and harfhe like a Beares, his
Pe erence rns wasnt Si
ez
T
uem.
w"*. . hideisfo hard and thicke thatot it the Seithians make breaft-plates, which nodartcan
B efyehins pierce through. His colour. for the moft part likean Affes,but when he is hunted or fea-
- red;he chaugeth his hew into whatfoeuerthing he feed as among trees he is likethem:
a mycaile in among greene boughs he feemeth greene ;.among{ttocks of ftone, he is tranfimuted in-
43 COlGur,
the auncient; Stephanusand Euflatbius ,amongthe later Writers.
This indeed is the thing that feémethano(t incredible,but there aré two reafons which
draw me to fubferibe hereunto sfirlt, becaufe we fee thatthe face of menand beafts tho-
rough feare, ioy; anger, and other paffions; doe quickly changes from ruddy to white,
from blacketo pale and from pale to ruddy agsine. Now as this beaft hath the head of
a Hart, fo allo harhitthe feareof a Hart, butin abigher degree 5 and therefore by fecret
operation it may eafily alter the colour oftheir haire, as a paffior in a reafonable man,
may alter the colour of his face. 5 + c3 »139:0 Coen
the fame thinges arereported by Piizvof a beaftin Ds p 1 4 called, Zye205,as (hall be
afrerward declared :andbefides thefe two, thereis no other among creatures couered
with hiire, that chaungeth colour... Another reafo t forcing meto yeeld berunto is,that
in the fea,a Polypue-fih and in the eartly among creeping things , aChawelean, doe alfo
change their colour in like fort and fafhion : whereunto it may bereplyed, thatthe Chg-
maleon and Polypus-fith, ate pilled or bare without haire, and thereforemay: more:eafily
e
fhalbe manifelted ; and if it be, yetcanitmeuerappearethat a Rangifer dothchangecor *
louclikeaBuffe;asalío wewill make more evidertt :S then, dif ingui(hing a Buffe, from
to their colour alfo3as it is generally by.mott writers affirmed : as Pliny, & Solinus among ^
1^4
Of the vuleer *Bugill. $5
be verfe-coloured ; butitis athing impoffible in nature, for the haire to receiue any
tin&ure from the paffions : but I anfwer, that the fame nature can multiply and diminifin
her power in leffer and {maller Beaftes, according to hir pleafure, and referuethan ope-
ration forthenayles, and feathers of Birds, and finnés and fcales of Fithes, making one
fortofdiuers colour fromthe other: and therefore may and doth as forcibly workein
the haires of abuffe,asin the skinne ofa Chameleon ; adding fo much more force to tranf-
smute them by how much farther off chey ftand fromthe blood. like as an Archer,which
fetteth his atme and bow higher to fhoote farcher,and therefore it is worthy obferuati- j t
‘on, thatas this beaft, hath the beft defence by her skin aboucallother, fo fhe hath che wa- | mi |
1o keft and moft timerous heart aboue all other. Bn y eee dt "
"Thefe Buffes are bred in Scithia,and are therefore called Tarandi Scithie ; they are al- poss d : FIN
foamong theSarmatians;andcalled Budini, and neere Gelonis, ‘and ina partof Poland, |
inthe Duchy of Mazania,betwixt Of zez ke and Garuolyin.. And ifthe polonian Thuro before
mentioned, haue a mane [whereof L am ignorant] thenwill Ialfotake that beaftfora —
kind of Bifon. In phryzia, there isa territory called Tarandyos,and peraduenture this beaft Stephantes |
had his name from that Contréy, wherein it may be he was firft difcouered and made | 1 CY Ba
knowne. ^'^ - id sut v ‘ .
The quantity of this beaft, exceédeth not the quantity of awild Oxe,whereunto inal aasuhg any 7
e quanti- | ;
the parts of hisbody he is mo!tlike,exceptin his head face and hornes: his Legges and ,, 5 Rane
26 hoofesarealfolikean Oxes: The goodneffe of his hide is memorable, and defired in all of a Butte.
the cold countries ofthe world, wherein onely thefe beafts and all other of ftrong,thicke, qot
bL i dengue 7 ; 2 y The hide i$
hides are found, for the thinneft and meft vnprofitable skinnes of beaftes,arein the whot 5,56 profitas Ht
and warmer partes of the world :and God hath prouided chicke, warme, moft commo- ble to man» n
dious, and precious couers for thofe beafts that liue farcheft from the Sunne.. NV here- |
upon many take the hides of other beaftes for Buffe, for being tawed and wrought artifi- |
cially they make garmeates of them, as it is daily to be feene in Germany.
Of the vulgar Bugill, i
du MART Bueill is calledin Latine Bubalus, and Buffalus : in Frénch The setierall (M
7L QA Beufle : in Spanin(h, Bufano : in German, Buffell : and in the beca it |
Mirian tongue, Boxwell. The Habrewes haue no proper D m
word for it, but comprehend it vnder 72, which fignifiech , a
any kind of wild Oxen; for neither can it be exprefied by N Vg
Meriah, which fignifieth fattéd oxen 5 or Bekarmi, which fig- \ y
nifieth oxen properly 3 or Jachmur, which the Perfians call i
Kutzcohi,ot Buzeohi, and is vfually tranflated a wild-affe; li
For which bea(t, the Hacbrewes haue many wordes : neither i |
: J [naue the Graecians any proper word for a vulgar Bugill, for Jn
4o Boubalosand Boubalis, are amongeft them taken for a. land of Roe bacte. So that this Bu- prO ni
balus was firtt of all fome moderne ot barbarousterme in Affrique, takenvp by the Ital iom Bubás li 1
ans, & by themattributed to this beatt,and many other for whom they knew no proper lus AG
names. For in the time of Pliny, they vie to call firange beaftes like Oxen or Buls, 777 as vA
nowa daies (lead with the fame errour, or ratherignoran ce] they call fuch Buball ot buf- |
fali... The ttue effigies of the vulgar Bugill, was fent vnto me by Cornelius Sittardus,a | i|
famous Phyfitian in Norimberge; and it is pictured by a tame and familiar Bugill, fuchi om
as liueth among men for labour, as.it feemethto me. For there is difference amongthefe ,
beaftes, [as 4ri/fotle hathaffirmed] both in colour, mouth, horne, and ftrength. j
c OF the vile i
This vulgar Bugill, is ofa kinde of Wilde Oxen, greater and taller then the ordinary Pct íi
$ Oxen, their body being thicker ard ftronger, and their lims better compact together : hir parts "n
their skinne moft hard, their other partes very leane, their haire (bort, fmall, atid blacke, | i Tipo
butlittle or none at all vpon tlie taile, which is alfo (hort and finall. The head hangeth Hae
downward to the earth, andis but little, being compared with the reafidue ofhis bodys WE
andhis afpe& or face betokeneth à tamicable and fimple difpofition. His ina 5 |
Ur ro 5
!
" =
58 The Hiftory. of Foure-footed Beafts.
broad and curled with haire, hishornes more flat then round, very Jong, bending toge-
Plante *, theratthetop,asa Goates doebackward: infomuchasin creete, they: make bovves of
paco htt them:and they are not for defence of the beaft but for diftin&ion of kind and ornament.
4lisneckeis thicke and long, and his rump or neather part of his backeis lower therithe
refidue, defcending to the tayle. His Legs are very great, broad and ftrong, but fhorter
then the quantity ot his body would feeme to permit. They are very fierce being tamed,
Erafeus, | butthat is corre&tedby puttingan Iron ring through his Noftriles, whereinto is alfo put
a cord, by which heisleadand ruled, as a horfeby a bridle (for which caufe in Germany
they calla fimple man ouerruled by the aduife ofanother to his ownehurt;à Bu gle,lead .
with aring in his Nofe.) i fter 15; of?
Ais feeteare clouen, and withthe formoft ke will dig the earth, and with the hindmoft
fight like a horfe, fetting onhis blowes with great force, and redoublingthem againeif |
Ds his obie&remoue not. His voice is likethe voice of an oxe;when he is chafed he runneth |
The manner POfth tight, fildome winding or turning, and when he is angred he runneth into the VVa- |
ofhis flight ter, wherein he couereth himfelfe al] ouer except his mouth, to coole the heate of his
blood; forthis beaft can neither endure outward cold nor inward heate: for which caufe,
xe A they breede not but in hot countries, and being atliberty are fildome from the waters.
ingplaces They arevery tame, fo that children may ride on their backes, butonafuddaine they
Pet.crfcest. will runne intothe Waters, andfo many times indaunger the childrens liues. ar |
Oftheir yee Their louetotheir young ones is very great, they alway giue milke fromtbeir copu- 29
ones & milk, lation to their caluing ; neither will they fuffera calfe of another kinde (whom they dif-
cerne by theirfmell to fucke their milke, but beate it away ifit be put vnto them :where- :
fore theirkeepers do in fuch cafe, annoynt the calfe with Bugils excrement, andthen fhe :
willadmit her fuckling. | oib
ve eae They are very ftrong, and will draw more at once then two-horffes 5 wherefore they
gihinlabor aretamed for feruice, and will draw Waggons and plowes, and carry burdens alfo, but
they are not very fit for carts : yet when they doe draw, they carry alfo great burthens
Pet.crefcent. or loads tyed to their backs with ropes and wantyghtes. Atthe firftfetting forward, they
bend their Legges very much, but afterward they goe vpright,and being ouerloden they |
will fallto the earth, from which they cannot beraifed by any ftripes vntilltheirloador.39 — |
e carriage be leffened. There isno greataccount made oftheir hides, although they bee
e of theyr
eta very thicke : Solinus reporteth, that the old Brztons made boates of ofier twigs orreedes,
Bellonins, Couering them round with Bugils skinnes, and fayled in them: and the inhabitants of
thekingdome ofa Carafani, make them bucklers and fhields of Bugils skinnes, which they
vfe in Warres, the fleth is not good for meate, which caufed bapriffa Fierato makethis
poem:
|
Bubalus hine abeat, neue intret prandia noftra : | |
| Non edat hune quifquam : [ab iugo [emper eat. | |
Forthey ingender melancholy andhaue no good taft, being rawthey arenot vnplea-
fant to behold, but fod or roftedthey (hewa deformed fubftance, The milke of this beaft 49
maketh very hard cheefe, which tafteth like earth. . Ch 64,
The medicines made of this beaftarenot many : withthe hornes or hoofes they make
ahs phyfek rings to weareagainft the cramp, and it hath been beleeued{ but without reafon] thatifa
Basis, *' man orawoman weare rings made of the hornes and hoofes of a bugil in the time of car-
nall copulation, that they will naturally fly off from their fingers ; whereas this fecret was
wontto be attributed to rings of Chrifolyts or Smaragde ftones. Toconclude,fometeach.
husbandmen to burnethe hornes or dung of their bugils on the windye fide of their corne
and plants ,to keepe them from cankers and blafting : and thus much ofthe vulgar bugil,
called bubalus recentiorum : whofe beginning in this part of the worldis vnknowne,al-
though in Italy and other parts of Europe they arenow bred and foftered. Sane hes
Of
“\Ofthe African Big 0. sS 50°
| OF THE AFFRICAN BVGILL.
ye x, Elloniss veporteth, that he faw in Cair a (mall beaft which was in all
E chingslikea little Oxe, of a beautifull body, fullof üefh, welland
& neately limmed, whichhe could take for no other then the African
%/ Oxe, or Bugill ofthe old Gracians, which was brought out of the
C kingdome of Afamia vnto the citty Cair. It was old, and notío big
9j. as a Hart, but greater then a Ave 5 he neuer in all-his lifetooke more The country
y pleafureto beholda beaft, then in viewing the excellent beauty of of this beat:
AX every partin this creature. His haire was yellowifn, gliftering asif
|! — ithadbeene combed and trimme dby the art ofa Barber:vnder his belly it was fomewhat
| morered and tauny then vpon hisbacke. Hisfeete in all thinges likea vulgar Bugils, his B
| Legges fhort and {trong, de necke fhortandthicke; whereon the dewe-laps ofhis cre LANE |
| didfcarceappeare. His head likean Oxes,and his hornes growing out ofthe crowneof Bn:
| his head, blacke, long, and bending like a halfe Moone whereof he hath no vfe to defend Ue ae
him(elfe, orannoy another, by reafon their pointsturne inward. His cares likea cowes, ny
se and (houlder blades ftanding vp a little aboue theridge very ftrongly. His taile, to the D
knees likea camelopardals, from whence hangeth fome few blacke haires , twice fo great : |
as the haires ina horffes tayle. His voice was like an Oxes, butnot fo ftrongand loude: i
#
|
eS
Wc
DL
W
li
i
li
i
Lr
to conclude therefore, for his difcription, ifa man conceiue in his mindalitde yellovv
neate Oxe, with fmooth haire, ftrong members, and high hornes aboue his head, likea
halfe Moone, his minde cannot erre from thetrue andperfe& fhape of this beaft. There l
was fuch aone to be feene of late at Florence, vnderthe name of an Indian Oxe , fauing his :
head was greater and longer, his hornes not highnot bending together; but ftanding vp-
tight and alittle wreathing into fpires aboue their roote, and the hinder part of the back
much lower then the fhoulders, butit may betheobferuer of this beaft fayledand tooke
4o not the true difcription of it. 2h bm t |
This creature ot African Bugilh, mutt be vndetftood to be a Wilde beaft; and not of The nature LM
atamekind, although Bellonius expreffeth not fo much. eo in his difcription of Afrique, os beaft. inr
selateth a difcourfc ofa certaine beaft called Laut ot. Daur, who ísleffe then an Oxe, but I
of moreelegant feature, inhis Legs, white hornes, & blacke nailes, which is fo fwift, that i n
nobeaftcan oütrunne itexcepta Barbary horfe :itis taken moft eafily inthe Summer "aH
time: with the skinne thereofthey maketargets and fhieldes, which cannot be pierced by aH
any Weapon, except Guníhot : for which caufe they fell them very deare ; which is con- "
Se&utedtobethe Zue/that. Bellonius defcribeth; although it bee not iuftofdhéfamecos ^ C 1 |
lour, which may vary-in this beaft as well as in any other, and Ihauea certaine Manu-
3s feript without the authors name, that affirmeth there be bugils in Lybia, in likenes refem-
bling a Hart andanOxe, but muchleffer, and that thele beafts are neuer taken afleepe,
which eaufeth an opinion that they neuer fleepe 5 and that there is another Bugill
beyond the Alpes, neete the Ryuer Rhene, which is very fierce and of a white Co-
lour. | i 5,210) osos? Cw END reus. Ofaftringé
Theteisa horne inthe towne-houfe of Argentine foure. Romane cubits long, which is borne n Afi
conie&ured to bethe:horne of fome: Frus [orratheras Ithinke offome 5ugil] it hath 9^ 5^
hung thereat the leaft two orthree generations and by fcraping it foundit to be a hotne, |
although Tforgat to meafurethe compafle thereof, yet bycaufeantiquity thoughtit wor- ‘i
thy to be referued in fo honorablea place fora monumentoffome ftrange beaft, Thane
(Zp alfo thought good to mention it inthis difcourfe :as when Phillip King of Macedon, did. i
5. wich a Dart killa Wilde Bull atthe foote ofthe Mountaine Orbelus, and confe catedtbe T
hornes thereofin the Temple of Heréules, which were fifteene yards or paces long for T
pofteiytobehod, ^": ^ ^ 7c Cid) pO Sf 23 VERE
$n , Maps f AULA mo BUT lil
üt 21h SX? FIG EL f i Jk à Of 1
d ANDR Hd Be ae 1°
hy
The true x.
mology of
i name
Taurus.
A Ri!dle vp
on the word
‘Taurus.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
The Picture of the African Bugill decribed in the former page.
AN
NSW
NN
NS
SH
X
N
SSSS
Smo
cm WW S N ]
SS E B
p»
"I i
(5 OF THE BVLL...
Bullis the husband of a Cow, and ring-leader ofthe heard,
[fot which caufe Homer compareth Agamemnon the great:
Emperout ofthe Grecia» Armyetoa Bull}referuedonely: —
for procreation, and is fomerimes indifferently'calledan: 3¢
Oxe,as Oxen are likewife of authors taken forBulsvergs! — ^
Ping we [olumprirmm extemplo menfibus andi. 0
fertes inuertant Daues.: ss £o ood n iod "t
TheHxbrewcs call him Zor sor Taur which the Chaldes
S. [cal 4bir, fora {trong Oxe : fo the Arabians Tasr :tlie Gres
send Clans Zásros 5 the Latines Tadrusy the: Itallians Terz;:the
French Toreau,the Germans eis Stier, ein. vuaucherftier, das uuchers ein mummelpier cin
Preen, and etn bollens the Tllirians uland 4mnecz:: by all.Which feuerall "appellátions itis e+
uidenc, thatthe name Tawras in Latineis not deriuedfrom Tazsawres.,the ftretcling ont
thetayle;not from Gawres, fignifieng proud ; but from the hebrew T: or, whichfignifieth 4e
great: voon whichoccafion, the Gtzecians called alllaree; great, and violent thiüges;by ^^
thename of Taurez,andthat word Zasras among the'Latines, hath: giuen detionainatión
tomen, {tarres, Mountaises, Ryuers, trees, {hips and many other things; which caufed
Joachimus Camerarius o make thereofthis zeniematicall riddle. 1o]
* d y d.
"M:achus eramregis : fed lgneumenbra feque, I rion gested
v Et.Gilicam mons [ums fed monsfum nomine fala--i 7 os bowRoines
. OE uehor trealo: fedintpfis ambulo terris. os feo) a taeerghvona
Thatisin diuers fenfes, Taurws was à Kin gs Péader,the toote ofatree,a Mouhtainein
-¢/lt6a,a Bulla Mountaine in. name;:a-Starre or fignein heaueh;:and aRy uervpon the
earth ifo alfo we reade of Statilins Taurgs,and Pomponius vitulus, twoRomani.Itwasthe
~cuftome in thofedaies, to giuethe names of beaftes to their! children, efpeciallyamong *
the Trégioditayand chap adulterer which: rauifhed Europas was Taurus the King of Greete’s
or as fome fay, a King thatcame ina (hipp, whofe enfioneand name was the Bulkarido-
_ ther affime, thatit was Jupiter in the likeneffe ofa Bull , ycaufe he had fo defloured Ceres
«when he begat Proferpina, andafterward defloured Proferpina his daughter ,inthelikencfle
of
—
OfefwL awa sv o 7€
7A
2
wl
JA
S
M
/))
P ~ i
Nee ME Sil
xe eos ew Mf |
si M
Dy)
Stl
=
N
| j /,
» ES
=
E
=
-
»
20
ofa Draggon. Itisreported that when Achelows did fight with Hercules for Deianeirathe i
Daughter of Oeneus king of Calydon, finding himfelfe tobetoo weaketotnatch Hereales, — po
“turned himfelfe fuddenly into a Serpent, and afterward into a bull; Zereslesfeeinghim 7 1 |
in that proportion, fpeedily pulled trom him one ofhis hornes, and gaueit to Copia the MM
($6 companion of Fortune, whereof commeth that phrafe of Cornucopia. Afterward , 4ehe- 1
lows gaue vnto Hercules one ofthe Hornes of Amalthea, and fo receiued his owneagaine,
and being ouercome by Azreu/es, hid himfelfe in the riuer of 7/245, which after his owne
name bending forth into one hortror crook, was called Achelous.By thefe things the Po-
es had fingular intentions to decipher matters of great moment vnder hidden and dark
Narra. 0 as À!
Burthereare foure reafons giuen, why riuers are called Tasrocrani : thatis,bul-heads.
Firft, becaufe when they empty themfelues into the Sea, they roare or bellow like buls; aban
withthe noife oftheir falling water:{econdly,becaufe they furrow the erth likea draught led Taurocre-
ofoxen with aplow, and much deeper. Thirdly, becaufethe fweeteft and deepeft pafturs ** . ae
4o vnto which thefe cattell refort,are nearethe riuets. Fourthly, becaufe by their crooking |... "1 o
andwinding, they imitate the fafhion ofahorne, and alfoare impetuous, violent, and india? Ae
vorefiftable. - PN OHOT UR SARA: VO DOGHSISO VITRES
Theftrength ofthe head and neckeofa bulis very great; and his forehead feemeth to ant sell
be made for fight: hauing hornes fhort, but (trong and piked, vppon which hecan toffé parts of Buls.
e intotheairevery greatand weighty beafts which herecciueth'againe as they fall downe,
doubling their eleuation with renewed (trength and rage, vntill they be vtterly confoun?
ded; Their flrength in all the parts of their body is great, andthey vie to ftrike backward
é ei. uas: E p : PON CR S. The prodi-
withtheir heeles : yet is itreported by celos Titormus a Neat-heard of Actolidthat bein Haeduos
DL
c iar et
=e
) i th
‘inthe fieldamong che cattell;tooke one ofthe moft fierce and ftrongeft buls in the heard of riterwos. —
vo by thehinderleg, adhere: defpishr of the bull triuing to the contrary, held him with
otie hand} vritillanotber bull canie by him, whome helikewifetooke in his other hande;
'andfo perforce heldthem both :which thing beitig feene by Milo Crotoniates, hee lifted \ UN |i
‘vppe his handes to hedtien; crying-olic by way of interogation to Iwpiter, andfayinge t ] WM
:0 Iupiter y haft thou fent another Heyeales amsngef! vs? NV hereupon cámethe common | T | |
prouerbeofa ftrong armed man : Th jr another pibe The like Reri¢ isreporte adis 1 |
or Suidas ru
The Hiftory of Fosire-footed Beafts.
Suidas ofPolydamas, who firlt of all flew a Lyon, and after helda bull by thelegge fo faft,
that the beaft ftriuing to get out of his bandes, left the hoofe of his foote behinde him.
The Epithites of this beaft aremanyamong writers, as when they call him brazen- |
footed, wilde, chearefull, fharpe, plower, warriour, horne-bearer, blockifh, great, gli- |
ftering, fierce, valiant,and louring, which feemeth to be natural to this beafts infomuch :
as the Grammarians deriue Toruitas, grimnes or lowring from Taurus a Bul,whofe afpe&
: carieth wrath and hatered init :whertore it is proverbially faide in Ve//phalia, of a low- |
wees. ring and fcouling countenance, Eir fich als ein ochs der dem, flefchowwer Entloffen sft: That
is, he looketh like a bul efcaped from one ftroke of the butcher. ‘Their hornesare leffer
but ftrongerthen Oxen orkie, forall beafts thatare not gelded,haue finaller hornes and ‘10
thicker fculs then other; but the buls of Scithia as is {aid elfe-where, haue no horns. Their
heart is full of nerues or finnewes,their blood is ful of fmal vaines, for which caufe hein-
_ gendreth with moft fpeed, and it hardneth quickly.In the gal ofa Bul there is a ftone cal-
led Guers,andinfome places the galis called Mammaeur. They are plentifulin moft coun- |
Countries of triesas is faidin the difcourfe of Oxen, butthe beft fort are in Epsrws, next in Thracia, &
a: BUE | then Italy, Syria, England, Macedonia, Phrigia, and Belgía: for the buls of Gala are impay-
' — ;redby labor, andthe buls of -£thzope are the Rhinocerotes, as thebuls of the woodes are
x o. Elephants. | |
Theirtme. T hey defire the Cow at eight monthes olde, but they are not able to fill hertil they be |
of copulatiG.
ON
kj
Euerybul is fufficient for ten kie,and the buls muft notfeed withthekie,for 2.months be = |
Qwintilius males genital entraunce, he woundethor much harmeth herin any other place, f ending |
wil neuer after leape her, during the time the is with calfe : wherefore the Egiptians deci- 30 |
PES
The Gob leth with the cow: but when heis weakened with generation,the beaítthatwasouercome, 49 |
e fight or wt i
combat of
Bullcs. ^ — gantly defcribed by Oppianusas followeth. Onethatis thechiefeft ruleth over altheo-
L
tx
r1
he
oO?’
Ie]
ct,
—
9
um
[2]
E
mS
rr
fem af
[2]
fa]
E
i
y
-
ga
[4]
e
E
ro
o
a
po
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o
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o?
E.
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v
m
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et
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e
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ud
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Fi
their
Of the Ball. - 63
their blows to ring betwixt heffuen and earth, vntil] one ofthem be vaquifhed and ouer-
throwne. © )
The poore ouercommed beaft, with fhame retyreth from theheard, and willno more
appeare vntill he be enabled to makehis party good againft his triumphant aduerfarye :
then he feedeth folitary in the woods and mountains, for it is prouerbially faid to fignifie
afingle and vamarried life, abijt taurus in fuam :thatis, the bullis gonetothe wood to
Jiuefolitarily without his female, often exercifing himfelflikea ftudious champion againft
the day ofa new combate, and whenhe findeth his ftrength increafed, and his corage ar- QA
med for the day of battaile, then roareth hein the woods and Mountains, to prouoke his x 4 hort
d Ln
io aduerfary toanfwere sand perceiuing his own voice to be more fierce and violentthen is
his enimies, forth he proceedethlike fome refrefhed grant, confident in his ftrength, dif- M
cendingtothelifts ofafecond combate; where he eafily ouercommeth the vidtor,weak- EE I
ned with copulation, and not excercifed or fitted to fuch a tryall through fulnes andve- i EN
nery :fothefirft that was vanquifhed becommeth conqueror. | d ^)
^. fhevery fameis in other wordes defcribed by Virgil: Buls are enemies toall Beaftes TAM |
that liue vpon pray, as Beares , Lyons, and Wolues : whenthey fightwith wolusthey Georg. 3 d
windtheir tailes together, & fo driue them awaie with their hornss when the beare figh- Their enmi2 bu
reth with an oxesfhe falleth onher backe watching opportunitie to take his hornes with UP EM
her forefeet,whichif fhe catch,with the weight of her body (he wearieth the beaft, who is : IBN
2 foearneftin combate with thefe beafts, that they will fight their tongues hanging out of i
their mouths. The Cro is enemy to buls and Affes, for in her flight fhewill firikeattheyr — j 1
eies, and itis eafier for the Bulto be reuenged ofa Lyon, then on fuchabird : Red colour i
ftirreth vpa Bulto fight, neither can theneat-heardes gouerne thefe with fuch facility as
they dothe femals, for when they wandet and goaftray, nothing can recallthem butthe i
voice of their females for copulation, whichthey vnderftande andheare, being a mile ops
twodiftant. . 1 na
The voice ofa bullis (harper and fhriller then Is the loughing of acow, they are moft |
couragious that haue (hort and thicke necks, and in their greateft wildnes, if their right "ni
kneecan be bound, they will not ftirre, or if they betyedtoa wilde figge-tree, which is fo Ee Apollo i |
go fearfull tothenature ofan oxe or bul, that it hath bene feen, howa very few fticks of that / gnis
wood;haue fodde a great quantity of bulles &efhe in fhortertime, then a farre greater ofa Bull. rf
numberof other wood feton fire could perform: which caufedthe Egiptians in auncient
| lh |
time,to pi&urea Bulltyed to a wilde fig-tree,to fignifiea manthat changed his manners af l he |
throughcalamity. 2 UR
Out ofthe hides of buls, efpecially their eares, neckes, and genitals , ismoft excellent somes
glue confected, but for the mof partit is corrupted; by feeching with it oldeleather of |
fhooes or bootes :but that of Rhodes is withoutallfraud,fitforPhifitiansandpainters,&t ^——— P» |
‘evermore the whiter the better, for that which is blacke is good for nothing: wherefore [ |
that whichis made outofbuls hydes, is fo white, that it fendethforthra brightnes, whofe . Nn |
go vertuous comuétion in conglutination isfo powerfull, thatitis eafier to breakea whole TT mu t
eeceofwood thenany part fo glewed togither therewith: and for this inuention, wee 1 |
[are faith Pliny] indebtedto Dedalus the fir(t authorthereof. They vfed it in inftruments E
of muficke, and fuch other tenderand pretious actions... |
The gall ofan oxe putvpon copper or braffe, maketh it glifter like Golde; for which Ofthe Gel Li
caufe itis vfed by players,to colourtheir counterfeit crownes.The fle(h ofa bullis good LN
for meat, bii yet not fo good as anoxe or cow;yet did the Bgyptians abftain from eating Of the flefh, I: |
cowes flesh, and not fromthe fef h of buls. | 2455, : |
Thefe beafts are vfed infome places to plow, infome to fight, and it is reported by EJ; - | Dono (E
anus chat Mythridates King of Pontus, befide his guard of men, had alfo a guard ofa bull,a 1 a Wl
50 horfe, anda Hart, which he tamed withhis owne handssfothat when his followers were a do.
fleep,ifany ftranger came near,they fayled not to awake him, by one of their feueral voi- TEN
ces. It is reported alfo,that if the Noftrils ofa bull beannointed with oyle of Rofes, he wil La 7: y". 1 MI
prefently loofe his eye fight,and thatin the Lake 4/phalrites there can no liuing creature Vili \ i RM!
abide & yet many buls & camels fvvim therin fafely.It is butfabulous that ther wer Buls wt a
in Colchis which did breth out fire,exceptby that fition the poets vnderftood,the beaftly — / | |
G 2 rage aR |
6
The facri"
cing ot Buls.
C aliut,
G Via aldvue »
Pony
Paufanisa,
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
rage ofthe rich inhabitants. ‘Touching the facrificing of buls, it vvas alfothecuftome,
ofthe old Egyptians to facrificea Bull vnto Epaphus :andtheir manner was, firftofallto;
try him whether it were fic forfacrifice, by laying meale beforethem, whereof if they re-
fufed to raft, they were adiudged not apt forthe Temple. f v 5152qG&
"The Druide calla generall facrifice a/cum, whereby they affirme all greeuances may.
be cured.Firft they prepared a banquet with facrifice vnderfometree, then broght they,
two white buls faftened togither by the horns, and chen they gavea drinketo any barren’
creature, VV omao or bruit beaft, holding religioufly, that by that drinke they (boulde
be made fruitfulland free from al poifon : Vnto fo greata height did the folly of blinde: 1o
people arife,to put religion im euery vrireafonable inuention,vnder pretence ofaay good... ,
intention deuifed by idolatrous priefts. As oftenas they flewand offered a Buljand pou
red Frankincenfeand wine vppon the hoaft, they {aids The bulis increafed-with Frankin;
cenfeand wine, but the Zonians did bet comfort themfelues intheir facrifices where the
Bul before his death did lough atthe Altar :and the Me//enians did bind their: bul which
was to be facrificed to the Ghofts of Ariffomene, vnto certaine Pillars in his fepulchre : if
therefore the Bul did fhake the pillar while he leaped to and fro to getliberty, they took
it for a good figne or Omen, but ifit {tood imouable, they-heldita moumfuland lamen-
tablething, = — 507- site insu » fi£ chi
Itislikewife reported by Varinas that when Agamemnon ignorantly kild one of the harts
of Diazain Auli, (he was fo wroth, that (he ftayedthe winds from blowing vpon hisna- 2e
uy, foas they could not ftirre outof harbour : hereupon they wentto the Oracle, where
anfwere was giuen, that the goddefle was to bee pacified with fomeoneof Agamemnons
blood, therfore Wii/fes vvas fent avvay to fetch Iphigenia;the dau: of Agam:from hermo-
ther clitemnaftra, vnder pretence to be maried to achillessbut when fhe was ready to bee
®facrificed, the goddeffe took pittie on her, andaccepteda bul in her fteede, which ought
notto bee thought incre dible, feeing that in holy fcripture a Ram was fubftitutedin the
place ot Ifaac. | Min "ii
*- They were wontalfo to facrificea bul to Nzpzuze, and to althe riuers, becaufe ofthat
affinity which they held abul hath with al Waters :and to apel/o; according to this vit-
gilianverfe Taurus Neptuno Taurum tibi pulcher apollo. But vnto: lepizer ic was vnaccufto- 39
' medto be offered, perhaps becaufe he had often thevved himfelfe inthat likeneffe; to ra-
Prouerbs of
a Duli,
ui(h and defloure Women. | Therebe certaine prouerbes ofa bul, which are not altogi-
ther impertinent inthis place.Firft, itis commonly faide, that hee may bearea bul that
- hath borna calfe,wherby is meant, that he may be more fubie to filthines in age,which
Like the En-
lifh prouerb
fthe sky fall
we thal haue
Larks,
was fo in youth . Qwzrtila was a woman of moft vilde reputation for vncleannes, becaufe
fnefaid,thacwhen the was litde, fhelay withlittle ones like her felfe, and whenfhegrevy
bigget; fhe applied her felfeto the pleafure of elder men, grovving in filthines as fhe had
increafedin yeares.Likevvife they vvere vvontto fay of anabfurde or impoffible thinge,
that ifa bul could reachhis head ouertaygetus, hee might drinke ofthe riuer Eurota, and
the beginning of this prouerbe, was taken of an apothegme of Geradas , when his hoaft vp-.4°
enarime didask him vvhat punifhment the Lacedemonzans had appointed foradulterers, |
heaunfvvered there vvereno adulterers in Lacedemon, and therefore the punifhment &
. queftion were frivolous ? his hoaft replyed; butif there fhoulde beeanadulterer there,
Themedi-
‘¢ins-of Buls
vvhat punifhment vvould they appoint for him ? Marry [faid Geradus ) he shold pay fuch+
a bulas would reach over taygetus to drinke ofthe Water Eurctaswhereat the hoft laugh-
ed. demaunding where fuch a bul could be found ? then faid Geradzs,and vvhere can you
findanadulterer in Lacede non, fo »utting off one abfurdity vvith another. And thus
much ofthe natures and pro»erties ofa bul in general. In the nexte place before this
beaftbeturnedinto the Woods, we vvildeferibe his medicinal vertues, aridfolethim
loofe. : |
The pouder ofa buls horn drunk in wvater ftayetha flux of bloodand the loofnes ofthe
belly. Sextus and Eféulapius {ay chat ifa buls horne be burned in a place whereferpents
abide it driueth the navvay The blood of buls mingled vvith barley flovver, drineth a-
vay hardnes in the flesh, & being dryed curethapoftems in euery part ofthe body. Itta-
keth away {pots in the face ,&kileth ferpéts : It is cómended warm againftthe gour, s f
' | | cially
- aaa =
ofthe Nerues and {innewes.
eae when
3o — The fatofadormoufe, ofa hen, and the marrow ofa Bull, melted togither, and pou-
red warme into the cares, eafeth their paine very much : and ifthe liner ofa Bull be broi-
led ona foft fire, and putinto ones mouth thac hath the toothache; the paine will goe a+
way fo fooneas eter the teethtouch ic. The gall ofa bull is thatper then'an Oxes, and its
. thingled with honey fora wound-plafter, and ia all outward remedies againftpoifon. Te
Tathalfoa quality to gnaw the deadnes or corruption out of wounds, and with the iuyce
of leekes and the milke of Women, it is applyed againtt the Swine pox and fiftulaes 3 but
the galalone rubbed vpon the biting ofan Ape, cureth that Malady-Likewife, the vicers
inthéhead, bothofmen; women, and children. And if the woole ofa hare be burnedito
a(hes;and mingled with oyle of myrtles; Buls gall, an
go annointed vppontheheade, it ftayeth the falling aw
d beateti'alume,and fo warmedand
ay of the haire ofthehead. ^^ 0n
Dicfcorides.
With the gall ofa Bull, andthe white ofan Egge, they make an eye-faluejandfoàns ~
noirit therewith diffolued in water foure dayes togither 5 butitis thoughtte bee better
with hony arid balfam:and inflilled with {weet new wine into the eares, it helpeth awaye
the paines ofthem, efpecially running-mattry cares, with wornans or Goatsmilke. It be-
ing taken with hony into rhe mouth, helpeth the cliftesandfores therein; and taken withy
the water of new ¢éloqaintida and giuentoa woman in trauel, caufeth an eafie child- birth.
Gale# was wont to giue ofa buls gall the quantity ofan almonde; with two fi poonefulsof
wine, called [Visum Lynabatum xoa WW omanthat hath her childe dead within her body;
** which would preferitly caufe thedead Embrion tócome forth.
The genital ofa red bull;
‘ao dryedto ponder and drunke ofa Woman, to the quantity ofa golden Noble, it maketh:
s affirme) it ‘caus
hertoloathal manet of copulation “but in men ‘fas the later Phifitian
feth that defire of luft co increafe. The dung o
and burrit to pou dershelpeth the menaber that is burnt.
little 2¢é¢re takethaway {cabs and Leprofie
S,
Md,
fa bullayedtoowarm;helpeth al hardneffe;:
The vrincor ftale of buls with a:
Of
exc z-—
© The defcrip
tion of this
frange beaft
Thename.
Of another Beaft called Bufelaphus.
Here was (faith D. cay) a clouen footed beaft brought out
of the deferts of Mauritania into England, ofthe bigneffe of
a hinde,in forme and countenance betwixt a hinde. and a
cow, and therefore for the refemblance it beareth of both,
Iwill call ic Bu/elaphws, or Beniceruus, or Mofchelaphus, ora
| cow-hart: hauing a long and thinne head and eare, aleane
and flender Leg and Shinne, fo that, it may feeme tobee
made for chafegnd celerity. His taile not much longer then
a foote, but the forme thereof very like a cowes, andthe
length like a harts,as if nature feemed to doubt whether it
fhould encline toa cowora hart: his vpper parts were yellowifh and {mooth, his neather
The feuerall_ pattes blacke and rough 5 the haire of his bodye betwixt yellow and red, falling clofe to
parts.
Panfanidse
Plog.
the skinne, but in his forehead ftanding vppe like a Starre; and fo alfo about the
hornes which were blacke and atthe top {mooth, but downward rough with Wrinkles
mecting on the contrary part, and on the neerer fide {preading from one another, twice
orthrice their quantity. Thefe hornes are in length one foote & a hand-bredcth, but three
hand breathes thicke at the roote, and their diftance at theroote was not aboue one fin-
gers bredth, fo arifing to their middle, and alittle beyond where they differ or growa-
funder three hands bredth anda halfe ; then yeeld they together againe alittle, and fo
with another crooke depart afunder the fecond time, yetfo,as the tops of the hornes do
‘not ftand afunder aboue two hands bredth, three fingers andahalfe. Fromthe crowne
oftheheadtothe Noftrils, there goeth ablacke ftrake whichis one foote, two palmes
and one finger long, in bredth aboue the cyes where itis broadeft, it isfeuen fingers, in
thickneffe onefoote and three palmes, it hath eight teeth, and wanteth the vppermoft
like acow,and yet cheweth,the cud, it bath two vdders vnder the belly like a heyghfer
that neuer had calfe, it is a gentle and pleafant beaft,aptto play andfport, being not one-
ly {wift to runne, butlight and a&iue to leape: It will eate any thing, either bread, broath,
Cited orpouldred beefe, graffe or herbes, andthe vfe heereof being aliue is for hunting,
and being dead the fleth is fweete and pleafant for meate..
‘OF THE OXE ad COVV.
E are nowto defcribe thofe beafts which are lefle forraignand ftrange,
}and morecommonly knowne to all nations, then any other foute-foo-
{ced Beaft: forhowfouer Bugils, Buffes, Lyons, Beares Tigers , Beners, Per-
cupines and {uch other, are not alway found in every nation, yerforthe
7:9 3| | moft part are Oxen, Kine, Buls, and Horfles, bythe prouidence of Al-
= mighty. God, diffeminated in all the habitable places of the world: and
tofpeake thetruth, Oxenand Horfles were the firít riches,andfuchthings wherein our
eR,
Io
2a
39
elders gaethe firft property, long before houfes and landes : with them they rewarded 4?
men of higheft defert, as Melampws who openedan oracle to Neleas that fought outthe
loft Oxenof Iphiclus. And Erix king of Sicily, fo muchloued the Oxen that Hercules reco-
uered from Geryoz, that whenhe was to contend with Hercules about thefe, herather yel-
ded to depart from his kisgdome then from his cattell : and Zu/ius. Pollux affirmeth,that
there was an auncient coine of money ; which was flamped with the figure ofan Oxe,and
therefore the cryer in euery publicke fpectacle made proclamation, that he which defer-
uéd well; (hold be rewarded withan ox,[meaning a. peece of mony having that impreffe
vpon it:which wasa pieceof Golde comparedin value toàn Englith Rofe-noble, and in
my opinion the firft name of money among the Latines is deriued from Cattell, for I
cannot inuentany more probable ztymologie of Pecunia, then from Pecus, fignifyingal 5?
manner of catell :howfoeuer itis related by fome Writers, that on the one fide of their
coine was thekings face, and onthe otheran oxes pi&tare and that Seruius was the firfte
that euer figured mony with Sheep or oxen, Miron the great painter of Eleutheris and dif-
ciple of Agelas, madeanheighfer or Cow of braffe, whichall Poets of Greece haus
T d Yonsei Sypprgte
al
/i^
[i a m j aar
TA
l -
!
Zi GUN os D i iil
AL T HUA AIAN >» Y
Mi Moa NHAA NL. a
(ij
iui (LU |
MN LU TN.
liti (i QUITTÉ
YY)
. or a P MN — oo
YY) BÉ oF EA
<>.
mata
M 3
Hi
i is
m —
\
p»
63> The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts. 3
brated infundry Epigrams,becaufea calfe came vntoit to fuckit, being deceiued withthe
proportion,and Ax/onivsalfo addedthis following vnto the faide calfeand cow,faying : :
Vera quid pulfas frigentia matris Mena z . 4 |
| O vitula? e fuccum lactis ab are petis? .— vd A
Whereunto the brazen cow is caufed to make this anfwere followings TS A ff
bunc quoque praftarem, fi me pro parte paraffer : ii
Exteriore Miron,interiore Deus.— SUM. |
Whereby he deridech their vaine Jaboursywhich endeauor to fatisfie themfelues vppon
Vals mennes deuifes, which are coldand comfortleffe without the bleffing of almighty’ God.
Ofthename 1 begin therefore with thefe beaftes it mutt be firkt of all remembred, thatthenamebos 10 ©
Bos. oran oxeas we fay in Englifh, is the moft vulgarand ordinarie name for Bugles, bulles, |
cowes, Buffes, and all great clouen-footed-horned-beafts; altho ugh in proper {peech, it |
fignificthabeaft gelded or libbed ofhis ftones : and Boas fignifietha hugegreat Serpent
whereofthere was one found in Italy, that had fwallowed a child whole without breaking
one of his bones , obferuing alfo in oxen the deftinétion of yeares or age: which giueth
themfeuerall names, for in their young age they are called ‘calues, in their fécond age
~~ Steeres, in theirthird Oxen; and the Latines addealfoa fourth which they call erui old
fo). \ oxen. Thefe arealfo diftingui(hed in fexe, the Male calfeis Vztulus, the Female Vitula,
Mi: 77 ikewife Zegeucas a Steere, and Imseucaan heighfer, Bosan oxe, and Vacca a cow, Taurus a |
i! Bull Zaura a barren cow,and Hordaabearing or fruitefull cow : of whom the Romanesob- 2e
» 05V eraedcertainefeftiuall daies called ZezZicalia, wherein they facrificed thofe cattell. The
Sto 07 Eatnes hauealfo Haccult and Bacula fora little cow, eo N
” EL M NN Vaecula nonunguam [ecreta cubilia captans Virg :
REA UE. copas pPAnd againe —— Autbuculacelum. j
And Bucalus or Bos Novellus for a little oxe. Schor in Haebrew fignifieth a Bull or oxe, -
Bakar heards,oracow. Thor in the Chalday hath the fame fignification with Scher, and a-
mong thelatter Writers you may find Toraa mafculine, and Torata a feminine, fora Bull
anda cow, accuftomed to be handled for labour. The Grecians call then bows & bes, the
Arabians bakar-and itis to be noted thatthe holy fcriptures diftinguith betwixt tzon,fig-
nifieng flockes of fheepeand Goates, & bakar for heards ofcatteland Neate:and Meria is 30
taken for Bugils, or the greateft oxen, or rather for fatted oxen, forthe verbe Marah fig-
nifieth to feed fat. Egelais interpreted Jerez : 46. for a young cow;andthe Perfians Go/a-
dai: It is very probable that the Latin Vacea is deriuedfrom the hebrew bakar,as the Sa-
racen word bactara sío in Hebrew Para is acow, and Par a Steere,and ben bakar the fonne
ofan oxeyor calfe : and wheras the Hzebrews take Pari, for oxen in general,the chaldees ^ —
tranflate it Tore, the Arabs Bakera,the Perfians Nadeaeah , or Madagancha, che Ttallians
callit bue, the French beuf, the Spaniard buey,the Germanes Oshs and. Rind, thelllirians
Ofthe name 7#/l. The Italians call a cow Vacca atthis day, the Gaecians bubalis, and Damalis or Da-
ofaCow. ala: [fora cow which neuer was couered with Bul, ortamed witha yoake | and Agelada.
The French Vache, the Spaniardes Vaca, the Germanes; Ku , or Kuhe3 andthe citizens of 40
Altina,ceua: from which the Englifh word cow feemeth tobe derived, the Latine word is
ayoung heighfer, which hath ceafed tobea calfe. LN
Thedieg. — lherearcoxeninmoft part ofthe world, which differ in quantity, nature, andman-
The diuerfi- , NW : ; ;
tyof Oxen} ner, onefromanother, and therefore doe requirea feuerall srac#ar. And firft, theiroxen *
anal cütries. of Jtaly are moft famous, for as muchas fome learned men haue affirmed, that thename
.. Jtalia, was firft of all deriuedofthe Greeke word Jtalous, fignifieng oxen ; becaufe ofthe
aboundance bred and nourifhed in thofe parts, and the great account which theauncient
Oxéof Italy Romanes made heereof, appearethiby notable example of punifhment, who banifheda
certaine countrey man forkillingan oxein his rage, anddenying thathe eatethereof, as
" ifhe hadkilleda man: likewife in Italy theyroxen are not allalike for they ofcampaniaare je
forthemoft part white and flender, yet able to: manure the. countrey wherein they are
red sthey of ibria, are ofgreat bodies, yet white &red coloured. In hetruria and Zati-
nui, they are very compact and wel fet or made, ftrong for labour, but the moft (tronge
arethofe of Apeznine, although they appearenot to the cie very beautifull.
The Egyptians which dwell about Nils haue oxenas vvhiteas fnowy, and of eter in :
igh
D
Varn [7
OF the Oxe. | 69
high and great ftature; (greater then the Oxen of Grecia) yetfo meeke and gentle, that. Arifurle
they are eafily ruled and gouerned by men. The donias Oxenare of diuers colours Oppianus
jatermingled one within another, hauing a wholeround hoofelike a horfe, and but e Bona.
horne growing outofthe middle of their forehead. . Alanis
The domefticall or tame Oxen of Afrique are fo {mall, that one would take them for hep i
calues oftwo yeares olde, the 4/fricams( faith Strabo which dwell betwixt Getuliaand our Afiucd oxen
coat or countrey, haue Oxen and horfes which haue longer lips and hoofes then other; |
and by the Grecians are tearmed Maerokeilaterai. lj
The Armenian Oxen haue two hornes, but vvinding and crooking toand fro like
ro Iuye which cleaueth to okes, which are of fuch excceding hardneffe that they wilblunta- Armenian
ny fworde that is ftroke vpponthem, without receiving any impreffion or cut thereby. ond
Some are ofopinion; thatthe onely excellent breede of cattell is in Boeotia, neere thecit- :
ty Tanagra [called orice Pamanzra] by reafon of their famious cattel the which Oxenare.Parivus.
called coprophaga, by reafon that they willeate the dung of man; fo al(o doethe Oxen of Bzouáoxen
eipris to eate thepaines of their (mal guts. "Tlieciriciams ina partof Affa are not pleafant. c, icis oxé
to bchold, hauing fhaggye haire, and bounches on either shoulders, reaching or fwel- Lx
ling to their Neckes 5 but thofe vvhich aré either white, or blacke, ate refufed for
Bbogp? o2,0om i9 3 TN gH» S d
Epirus yeeldeth alfo very greatand large oxen, vvhichtheinhabitants cal Pyrbice, be- Epirase
2e caufethattheir firtt Rocke or feminary were-kept by King Pirrhus : hovvfoeuer, other ;
fay chatthey haue their name of their fiery Gaming colour; they are called alfo Lariniofa ' '
village Larinum, ox of Larimus, a chiefe Neat-heard : of whom Ahaneus maketh mention; nio ]
whoreceiued this greate breede of cartel of He cules when he returned from the laughter 4|
ofGerion:whoraignedabout Ambracta and Ampholochs, Where throaghthefatneficof ..... i
the earthand goodneffe of the patture they grovv to fo ereat a ftature : othercallthem : |
cejfrini, know not for what caufe, yet it may be probablethat they are called Larini, by Pls ls
reafon ot their broad Noftriles,for Rizes in Greeke fignifieth Noftrils : but the true caufe rff | !
oftheir great bone and flature is, bycaufe that neither fexe were fuffered tocoupleone Thegdorete n"
vvichanother, vntil they vvere foure yeares old at the leat, and therefore they vverecal- ^ | A
3o led Araurí, and Setauri, and they vverethe proper goods ofthe King: neither could they i |
liue in any other place but in Bpirus,by reafonthat the whole country is ful offweete and
deepe paftures. | | | [NO GSC rd ca: ats
Althe oxen in Ewb.ea are white at the time of their caluing and for this caufethe poets eAlamms. > -
calthatcountrey Argrbocen. Ifthat oxen or {wine be traufported or brought into Hi/pané- Hifpaniola tii
ola, they grow fo great, that the oxen haue beenetakea for Elephantes; and their {witle 5775, |
for Mules, bucItakethisrelationto behyperbolical. — ^ inpsioisdénsod ^7 sie |
There are Oxen in India which wil eate fefh like Wolues, and hauebütonehorne and pfs,
whole hoofes :fome alfo haue three hornes, there be other as high as Cammels, and Indian oxen
their hornes foure foote broad. There was ahorne brought out of India to Ptolmy thefe- C. Tefas un
49 cond, whichreceiuedthree Amphoraes of water, amounting the leaft too chirty englifh Solinns. n
gallons of Wine meafure ; whereby it may bee conié&ured of how great quantity is the prm
beaft that bare it. The Indians, both Kings and people make no finallreckoning of thefe ;
beaftes, [I meane their vulgar Oxen ]for they are molt fwift in courfe, and wilrunne a
raceasíaítasany horfe, fo that in their courfe you cannot knowanOxe from a horfe ;
waging both Gold andSiluer vpon their heads ; andthe Kings themfelues are fo much
delighted with this paftime, thatthey follow in their Wagons, and will with their owne li
mouthes and handes prouoke the beaftes to runne more fpeedily :and heereintheOxe — "
exceedetha horfe;bycaufe he wil not accomplith his race with-fufficient celerity. except Wh
_ hisriderdraw blood from his fides with the {pur butthe oxes rider neede not to lay any id
go hands or pricks atal vpon him; his onely ambitious nature of ouercom ming [carrying ii
him more (wiftly then all the rods orfpurs of the world could preuaile on him ]: And B. "i
this game, the loweft ofthe peopleare alfo very greedy laying many VVagers; making ^... n
many matches, and aduenturing much time and price tofee theireuent. ep? .
Among the Indians therearealfo other oxen which are not much greater then great
Goates} who likewife in their yoaks aceaccuftomed to tunne many races, which "n per-
orme
RT
—
M
pam sce
eo
ee ee
a
Sy ge TF
ee - ones > a
ae a ee
‘ €
70 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts. \
Aclamuss ». formewithas great fpeede as a Getican horfe: and all theferunning Oxen muft bevnder-
Levarigaye toed toe wild Oxcn, SAOR SUN, | 55 15915;
Garanianta There bee Oxenin Leadiria [ which Ariflotleaffrmeth] haue their eares and hornes
: * growing both together forth of one ftemme. The Oxen ofthe Garamants, andall other
Neate among them, feede with their necks doubled backward,for by reafon of their long
_ and hanging hornes, they cannot eate their meate, holding their heads direily ftraight :
Solims. Thefelfefame is reported of the beaítesof Troglodite:in other things, they differ not
Herodotus. from other oxen, faue onely in the hardneffe of their skinne, and thefe oxenare called
p Qpifibonoms. | i
Beigel In the prouince of Bangala, are oxen [faith Paulus Venetus] which equall the Elephant
VEM in hight. Theoxen in Aya, haue no hornes, which other affirme alfo of the Scithians,
.. whereof they affigne this reafon, becaufe the vniuerfall bone ofthe skull hath no Cozz/-
: fore ox ioyntopened, and cannot receiue any humour flowing vntoit, by reafonofthe
hardneffe refitting, and the vaines belonging to this bone are weaker and finaller then in
- others forwhich alfo they are more vnfitto conuay nourifhment to the place: and fo the
"neck ofthefe beaftes, muftneedes be more dry andleffe ftronge, bycaufethe vaines are
very little. The oxen haue bunches growing on their. backes like Cammels, and vpon
them doe they beare their burdens, being taught by the ditcipline of men, tobendon
their knee toreceiue their load. '
eAlians, ~~ Among the Nomades [which winter their cattell about the Marifhes of Motia] chere 4o
Nomadian arealfo certaine cattell without hornes ; whereof fomeare fo naturally, the other haue
E their bornes fawed off, as foone asthey grow forth, becaufe ofallthe parts oftheir body,
Alia, Ucyonelycanendurenocold. — Nm ob:
Oppianns. There beoxen in Phrigia and Evithreawhichare ofa flaming red colour, ofa very high
Phrygian & and winding neck, their hornes are not like any other in the world, for they aremooued
Pytregny "a their cares turning in a flexible manner Íometyme one way and fometime ano-
» : ther.
e"Elianw ^. The Syrian Oxen called Pelei are of great ftrength, hauing a broade forehead, ftrong
Oxé of Syria hornes, and fearefull or courragious afpe&t, being neither too fat or tooleane of their
To
bodyes sand they are vfed both for War and alfofor running. Theoxen ofthe Belgian 30
prouinces; efpecially in Frefland and Holland, are alfo of very great ftature, for ithath
Releian oxen eene found by good experience, that oneof them hath waighed fixteene hundred
Guarda; pounds Trey waight : and when the Earle of Aooch/tare was at Machlin in Frefland, there
_ was prefented vnto him a greatoxe which being killed, waighed abouetwo thoufand fiue
hundred twenty and eight pound. The which thing being fo ftrang as the like had not
beene beforetime obferued ; tothe entent that fucceeding ages mightnot miftruftfuch
a memorable report, the faid Earle caufed the full Pi&ure of the faid oxe, to befet vp in
his Pallace with an infcription ofthe day and year whenthis oxe was deliuered and killed,
"OF COVVES.
Auing thus noted briefely the countries wherein oxen are bred and nou-
ll rifhed with their feuerall formes : it muftbe alfo obferued, thatKyne or
cowes whichare the Female of this kind,are likewife foundin all the places
aforfaid with correfpondentandfemblable quantities qualities, members,
|a; i| parts, and other accidentsto füch creatures appertayning ; excepted al-
waies thofe things which belong to their fexe,which principally concerne their milk: And
Milk ofkine firft of al che Kyne of mof plenuful Milke inall Ztaly,are about Altinasa citty of the Vene-
inItaly #ams,neere Aquileia, which Kyneare of the fmaleft body, and yet the greateít labourers,
whoarenot yoaked or coupled together by their Necks as in other countryes, but onely
by their heads.
» The
49
$59
/
Of the Cos oS 71
The Cowes of Arabia haue the moft beautifullhornes by reafon ofaboundance ofhu- Asbisa
mours which flow to them, feeding them continually wich fuch generous liquor as natu- Cowes.
rally doeth encreafe them. | ?
- [he Pyrrbean Kyeare not admitted to the Bull gill they be foure yeareold atthe leaft Ppreces
30
$e
30
40
go. 025
ET i ? Cowes.
which thing caufeth themto grow toa very high and tall ftature : whereofthere were c- et
uer foure hundred kept for the Kingsftore.
í
x
N-
NS
S
Sy
S
bs Suvi e
nm }
LY
3 ” = D a yy
Lyn yaar
2a
de iA y 7 y Ys Ole “Lye »
m 2] ; Lit) Wy) j^ fT P
Ly « m xem :
Coe LA
eg a RE
SEL sas area aad = =
'
IT
LJ
i
YW]
7X
The Hiflory of Faure-footed Beafts.
; ThefeKye doegid acotictime feauen dr eight. gallons of Milke, of Vine meafire, and
Phenitian’
Cowes...
eAlianus
Hiring of
Cowes in
Germany &
Heluetia,
The vfeof |
Cow- milkc.
Pet:(reftent
Ariftotle
Food for
Cows giuin
tailke,
Pulladus,
lelianus
for this caufe doethe Egyptians Pi&ture Ys, with a Cowes hornes, and likewife a Bull,
they are to tall, thatthe perfon which milketh them mutt ftandvpright, or el{eftoo peve-
ty little : neither ought this feeme incredible, for it is euident thatthe cowes of the Phani-
Hans were fo high, thatavery tall man could not Milke them execept he ftood vpona
footeftoole.. _-. 1123) Der bse A yisy.£ 02W019 o1 scd > god |
The mauner is in Germany and Heluetia, thatabout Aprill fometake Kye to hire,which
haue none of their owne, and other buy Kyeto farme themout to other : and the com-
mon price ofa cow for fixe monthes is payed in butter, and is rated at feuenty fiue
pounds, twelueoutices to the pound; which payment is due to the owner, or money
to that value: Otheragaine, buy Kye and let them forth to farme, referuing the calfeto
diemíelues, and if bythe negligence of the cow-heatd or farmer ofthem, the cow caft
the calfe,then isthe hirer bound to anfwer the value, but ifit mifcarry without his negli-
gence (as oftentimes they may ) then is the loffe equall to the Locatour or Farmer. Yet
itis noted, that the Kye of ereateft bodyes, are noc alway beft or moft plentifull in
Milke; forthe Cowes orCewe of Altinasin Italy,are of little bodies, but yet very full
of Milke. = ! ZW
T he principal] benefit of cowes Milke is for making of Butter, for the Milke icfelfe,
the Cheefe and Whay, are notfo fit for nourifhement of man, asare thofe of fheepes
and the reafon is, becaufc the Milke of Kyeis fatteft of all other;and therefore the name
1e
of Butter, whichis in Greeke Boutyros and Bortyrom, and Butyrum.in Latine, is deriued 28
2HareiVirt: properly from this kind of cattell. The cow-heards doe alfo for theirprofit, obferue the
paltureand foode, which doeth aboue other multiply Milke : and therefore they giue
their Kye Tijfolte, or three-leaued-graffe : and Medica which [isa kind of clauer-grafle]
Vetches,pulféandBeanes, for Beanés haue a great vertueto multiply Milke- likewife I
haue feenebundels of Hemlocke, or an herbe much like vnto it ;[ which we call harts-
tongue] giuen to milchKye. ac | À
Thereis.an hearb muchlike ctow-foote, called ofthe Germanes Butterblonmen, and in
Engli(h Bütter-flowerswhich is vfed to colourButter, for thereby is the whiteneffe ther-
of taken away :they will not eate wal-wortor night-(had [commonly called deaths herb]
but ifthey eatehearbes whereupon falleth an Hony-dew, then willtheir Milke beewon- 30
derfullfweete and plentiful : there is no foode fo good for cowes,as that which is greene, -
ifthe countrey willaftordeit ;efpecially, Kye louethe wet and watery places, although
the butter comming fromthe Viilke offuch beattes, is not fo wholfome, as that which
is made offüch as are fed in dryer paftures. The like care is had of their drinke, for al-
though they loue the coldeft and cleareft waters, yet about their time of caluing,it is much
beter for them to haue warmer waters, & therfore the lakes which are heated:and made to
fome by therainé,are moft wholfometo them, and do greatly help to eafetheir burthen
and paines in that bufineffe. FSS ‘a
Paufanias veporteth a wonder in nature,of the Ryuers Milichus and Charadrus,tunning
through the ciity Patra, thatallthe Kye which drinke of them inthe {pring time, doe for 40
the moft partbring forth Males wherfor their herdmen'auoyd thofe placesatthattime.on .
Ky forthe mot part before their caluing,are dry and without Milk(efpecialy about Tore-
7". ] They ate alfo purged oftheir menfterua in greater meafure, then either Goates or
fheepe, which efpecially comefrom themna little before or after they hauebeene with che
Bnlls howlocuer 4ri/fotle faith, that they come from them after:they haué beene fiue
monthes with calfe, andaré difcernedby their vrine ; for the vrine of a cowis the thinneft
ofall other. —S : = |
| Thefebeafts arevery lufttull,and doemoft eagarly defire the company oftheir male,
which ifthey haue not withinthe {pace of three hoüres after they mourne forjt, their
luftafwagethtillanother time. “In a;village of Egypt called Schujfa (vnder the gouern-
ment of the Hermopolites they worthip Fezus vnder the title Vrania inthe fhape of a cow,
parfwadingthemfelues, tharthere is great affinity betwixt that Goddeffeand this beaft;
for by hir mournefull voyce fhe giuetl notice of her loue, who receineth the token ma-
ny times a Mileortwo off; and {fo prefently runneth toaccomplifh the luft ofnature : and
to
$9
— iyd
| Of the Oxe. 7 Ub
tofignifichearing. The fignes of their bulling [as itis tearmed] aretheir cries, and difor- Signes ofa i
derly forfaking their fellowes, and refifting the gouernment of their keeper. | Likewife, 15 ee 1)
their fecret hangeth forth more then at othertimes, and they wil leap vpon their fellows i
as ifthey were males : befides after the manner of mares,they oftner make water then at H.
other times. 1
The moft cunning heardmen baue meanes to prouoke them to defirethe bul, ifthey be Secrets to 1 «
flack, firft ofallthey withdraw from them fom part of their meat, (ifthey be fat, )forthar Prover Eu ü |
* wil make them fitter to conceiue: then take they the genitals or {tones ofa bul; and hold
itto theirnofe, by fmelling whereof they are prouoked to defire copulation ; and ifthat
1o preuaile not, then take the tendreft part of Shrimps, whichis their fifh, andbeatthem in
water til they be an ointment, and therewith annoint the breaítes ofthe Cow, after they. Calbamelle
haue bene wel wafhed vnulit worke vpon her: And fome affirme, that the taile of an Eele
putinto her hath the fame vertue 5 other, attribute much forcetothe wild willow, to pro-
cure luftand conception. | Is | | | :
"They areagreat while incopulation,'and fome haue geffed by certainefignes atthe ? gues te
time of copulation, whether the calfe proue male or female ; for fay they, ifthe bulleap to SENEC "
downe on the right fide of the cow, it wil be a male, ifon the left, it wil bea female which "her rhe eae »
conie&ure, is no longer true, then when the cow admitteth but one bul,and conceiueth ne Reet it
atthe firft coniun&ion,for which caufe the Egyptians deciphera womanbringing forth ——
30 à maiden child,by.abullooking to the left hand,and likewife bearing a man child;by a bul
looking tothe right hand. | | :
pem
a
|
| | EW-Y
They arenotto be admittedto copulation beforethey be two yeare. olde at he leaft,
ot ifit may be fouresyet it hath bene feene, thata heighfer of a yeareold hath conceiued,. ae
and that another of foure moneths old hath likewife defired the Bul; but this was taken for * t
amontfter, and the other neuer thriued. F 4
One bullis fufficient for fifieenekie, although Varro faith, that he had but two buls for |
threefcoreandtenkie; andone of them was two yeare olde, the other one. The beft time | n"
fot their copulation is about the time ofthe Dolphins appearaunce, and fo continueth ; |
fortwo or three and fourtye daies which is about Iune and Iulye, for thofe which con- "h 1 1l
__eeiveatthat cime,will bring forchtheir yoang ones in a molt temperate cime ofthe year : |
*39 andit hath bene obferued,thatan oxe immediately after his gelding, beforehe had fore . i |
-gotten his former de(ire andinclination, his feed not dried vp,hath filled a cow, and fhe
roued with calfe. i (vss > sbigorg
"They gowith calfe cen, mouethes, except eighteenc or twenty dayes ; but thofe which “”iarle oe
‘are calued beforethattime,cannot liue : and a cowe may beare euery yeare [ifthe coun- it 1
try wherein theliuech, bee full of graffe, and the calfe taken. awaye from her at fifteene | :
'dayesolde.] | | ;. Meanesto iT HM
N.
- «is Andifaman defirethatthe calfethouldbea male, then let himtiethe right ftone of caute thecalf
-the Bullat thetime of copulations and for afemale binde theleft: Others workethis by 2t*hetime - Uu
-naturallóbferüation ; for when they would haue a male;they let their cattel couple when to bs kyshior | |
"40 the North wind bloweth, and when a female, they put them togitherwhenthe ayreis male or fem. j
foutherly. They liue notaboue fifteene yeares; and thereof ten timesthey.may engen- The length
det. Thebefttimeto calue in is Aprill, becaufe then the {pring bringeth on grafic, both of theyr ages
-for themfelues;andtoincreafe milke for the young ones. MOIS cali cl
_They bearenot butin their right fide, although they, haue twins in their belly, which
-happenethvery fildome,and the beaft immediately after hir deliuery, muftbe norifhed |
- with fome good meat, for except (he be well fed, fhee will forfake her young to prouide M |
fot her felfe : tlierefore itis requifit to giueher vetches, Millet-feede, and milke mingled i
«with water, and fcorched corne ; and vnto thecaluesthemfelues, dried Milletin milk, in 4 c... i v |
i the-maner ofamath : andthe kiemuft alfo be kept vp in (tables,fo as they may not touch copulation, ipi
' fo.their meatatthe going fooxth, for they are quickly. brought to forfake and loath that MI
-whichis continuall before them: andit is obferued that when kie in the Summer time do Iu d
-ángreater number aboue cuftome goeto thebullthenatother times, it betokeneth arid B
- fore(hewetha wet and rainy winter; for it cannot be (faith Albertus ) that abeatt fo dry as
jsa cowe, canbeeincreafed in moiíture; which ftirreth vppe the defire of Rasiasticr
sane excep
——
T -—
—— — ~
e pap a
74
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
except alfo ther be a mutation in the aire vnto abundance of moyfture.Andto conclude
this difcourfe ofa cow, in auntient time they were wont to cal light womé heighfers, har-
lots, and kine, by the reafon of two famous harlottes of Athens, Cuina and Salanacchha, &
from this camethe fiction of Jo, whole fableis at large profecuted by Ovid, how fnebeing
the daughter of Ivachus,wasina darkenes broughtvpon hir by Iupiter, by him rauithed,
which mift being efpyed by Juno, (he difcendedto the earth, and Jupiter fearing his wiues
iealonfy turned thefaid Jo into aheighfer, from which fhape {he «was afterward deliue-
red & married to Ofiris the king of Egipr, and after her death was worfhipped by the Eg)p
tians fora god, and called ///s, vnto whó they facrificed Geefe which wer called Sacra Ifr-
«ca In the choife ofkie,you mutt obferuethis dire&ion;you muft buy them inthemonth
Ofthe choit of March, let thembe young, not paft their firft or fecond calfe, their colour black or red,
of Kie.
tien of Oxen
in common.
fildom brown, or white, bright coloured,fpecialy red, brown legs,blackith horns fmooth
and beutifull, high foreheades, greateies and blacke, hairy and grifle eares, flat Noftrils
likean Apes, but open and wide, their backe bone bending fomewhatbackewarde, blacke
lips, long andthicke neckes, moft broad faire crefts difcending from the necke wel rib-
bed, a great belly, the backeand fhoulders etie broad, the Buttockes broad; witha long
taile hanging downe to their heels, and theyr neather partin many places crifpedor cur-
led, welfetand compaéted legs rough and fhort : ftraight knees, and their bunches han+
ging ouer: their {mall feet, not broad but found, ftanding in good diftance one from o-
ther, not growing crooked or {play-footed, and their hoofes fmooth and like one atio-
ther euery way.Finally, it were a profitable thing to profecute natures perfection in cuery
one of their feuerall parts, but I {pare to fpeake any more of the females, and returning a-
gaitito the ftory of oxen from which we haue digreffed, leauing the readers who defiteto
hear more of this difcourfe ofkie to other authors, whoe purpofely defcribe euery part
more particularly. OG
To begin therefore with their defcription, becaufeamong folded beaftes they are of ©
The defcrip- moft dignity and worth, efpecially in Italy, where the bounds of their beft priuiledged &
flourifaing cities, were firft of all declared and layed out, by the plowing togither of an
Oxeanda Cow in one yoake; Mago Carthaginenjis teacheth, that the timeto prouide‘or
buy oxen, is bef inthe time of March ,becaufe then in their leane bodies;they whichfell
them cannot couer their faults fo well,as ifthey were fatterand alfo ifthey fhould bevn-
Time beft to ruly and ftubborne, they may be the more eafily tamed, before their flefh increafe their
Outwarde
markes of
' prouide ae firength.
|. "Theyr notes or márkes müft be thefe,let them be yousg;hauing fquareand great lims,
a founde body, thickeand fhort, hauing his mufdes ftánding vp red and rounde; and all
his body {mooth, his hornes blacke, ftrong, and large, without crooking or winding; af-
ter the fathion ofa halfe moone, great and rough eares, their cies and lips blacke, broad
geod Oxen. Noftrils and flat vpward,a long thicke and foft necke, ‘his creft difcending downeto the
knee, a great breaft, large fhoulders, big belly, long ftraight fides, broad loynes,a {traite
backe difcendingalitcle, and a round paire ofbuttockes, ftraight; founde and finnewy,
fhortlegs ,goodknees, great hoofs, and long tayles roughand eri(ly. And itis tobeno-
ted, that the oxen ofa mans owne countrey breed, are better andto be preferred before
ftrangers, becaufe he is alredy natnraly fittedto the aire, food, water;and temper ofthe
foile : foritis not good to bring them from the Mounrainies to the valleyes ,becaufe then
they will grow lazie and fat, and fo into difeafes 5 neither from the valleyesto the moun-
taines,becaufe they will quickly grow out of hart through want oftheir firft deep and fat
paftur, and aboue all haue regardto matchthem equally in yoak,foas one may not over-
beare the other.Oxen loofe theirteeth at 2-0r 3. year old,butnor alas ahorfe doth,their
netties ate harder, but not fo hardas a bulles, their fleth is dry and melancholike, their
Theit feurall horns ate greater & larger then area buls, for the fame reafonthat Eunuchs and gelded
patts.
perfons can neuer be bald: for copulation weakeneth the braine,only a Bul hatha ftrón-
er forehead then an oxe,becaufe the humour that fhould grow forth into hornes;ishar-
dned vnder the bone : and the horns ofkie which are alfo bigger chen a Buls; may tho-
rough;heat be made flexible with wax or water,and bend euety way : andif when they are
thus made foft, you doe flit or'cut them into foure, that is, euery horneintwoe; they
will
30
40
ANNI DOP Ghar cers “oT VO 75
will (o:Growe afterwarde, as ifeuery bea(t had foure hornes,and fometime thorough the
thicknes‘of their fcull; clofing vp the part where the horne fhould grow, and the finalnes: The realon
oftheit vaines inthat placeto feede thehornes, there come no hornes at al but remaine oobis P
pouled; And it is reportedthat they haue a little (tone in their head, which in the feare of x ane
deaththey breath out. Their teeth doal touch oneanother and arechanged twice, they c]Ilianus
chewthe cud like (heepe, wanting a rowe of their vpper. teeth; that is foüreoftlem, their’ ,.
éiés ate blacke and broade, and their heart full of finnewes, yet without any bony fub- Ariftotle
ftance,although Plizyaffirmeth that fometimes in the harts ofoxenand liorfes are found
bones.^ | | | usato vi " !
Their creft called Palea commeth of Pilwstheir haire; and itis nothing elfe but longe pz» 1
10 rakes in their haire, whereby the genetofity and ftomacke of thebeaft is apparant. A. The parts of
cow hathtwo vdders vnder her loines with tower {peans, like a goat anda fneep jbecaufe? rn diffee
thecondo ion and iuice of their meat may better difcend to the lower parts thea to the gig
vpper : their nauell is filled with many vaines, their haire fhortandfoft, cheirtaile long,’
with harder haire then in the other parts of the body; their mel is long and not rounde,
their rains arelike theraines ofa fea-calfe;and by reafon of their dry bodies they growe 3
very fat;and chis fat will not eafily be diffolued,buttheir manner of feeding maintainech- 6" -
their ftrength;forthey which eat much are flowe inthe chewing, and fpeedie inthe con- ab
co&ioti; forthey do better preferue their fat which eate flowly chen thofe that eat hafti-
»: yand with more greedineffe. L5 ri tico sdipi ose fign
20 ' Ithathbenealready thewed, that fomeoxen willeat &e(h and teare wild beafts in pie- Ms Wer
ces; and the people of Praffas giue totheir yoaked or working oxenfith, andalfoin the feed tats...
prouince of Aden, where theirhorfles, (heepe, ànd oxen, eatdried fith, by reafonthat Herodotus.
the abundance ofheat doth drie vp their pafture : neither is anything fo plentiful among Paulvenct.
them as fifh : the like is reported of the people Horez 2, and Gedrufii,and of Mofynum a cit-
ty of Thracia, and in Frifland; in the prouince of Narbon, thereis‘an herbe growing in wa-
ters, whichis fo much deficed of their cattell, that they will thruft their heads into the wa-
ter aboue their eares, to bitechat tothe roots : and the Oxen of the Northerne Ocean Ie) 9575 7
flands of Germany do grow fo fat, that they areindangeredtodiethereby. i US
The moftcommon foodefor oxen,isthefamethatis already fpecified in the former
30 difcourfe of kies namely, three leaued graffe5 clauer graflesall greene herbs ,Hay,beans, :
Vetchies, Chaffe, and in fome places Barley and Straw. There is alfo.a monethly dyetor.
food gitien to oxen, for in Ianuary and February, they giuethem vetches, and Lupines, :
bruifed in water among chaffe or peafefo braifed and mingled, and where is want of: fuch:
pulfe, they may giuethem preffinges of Grapes dryed and clenfed, which is not turned :
into wine; and mingle them with chaffe for thecattellto eate, butthe Grapes themfelues:
are much better beforethe preffing, with their fmall twigges or leaues, becaufe theyare »
both meat and drinkes and will fat an oxe very fpeedily.
Thelike may be added of Boughes, of Laurell, helme, andother leaues, and alfo nuts
and Acornes; bie ifthey benot weaned and fed with Acornes tillthey loath them, they
L
4o willfallinco {cabs. In Marchand Aprill giuethem hay, andfrom April vnto Iune giue:
them eraffe, and fuch greene meat as may befoundabroads Afterward, allthe Summer :
arid Autumne, they may be fatisfied with the leaues of Elme, bay, holme, and efpecially,
that kinde of oake whichis without prickles, and thereforethey cannot abide Iuniper: La)
Nouember and December, while the feede time lafteth, they muft haueas much giuen:
them as they can defire, either ofthe forenamed food, or elfe of fome better ifnceede re-
quite; for it mutt be principally regarded;that the cattell fal not into leannefle in the win-
ter time; for leanesis the mother of many fickneffes in cattel, and their vtter ouerthrow,
and therefore the benefits by their full feeding are many, as may appeare by that comon
rouetbe, Bas ad acervam, that is, [an oxeto awhole heape, ] to fignifie fuch men as liue
go i^ allplenty and aboundance. The like care muft bee had of their drinke, for the Neat-
heard mutt diligently looke voto their drinke, that it maj be alway cleare, and itisrepor-
ted ofthe riuers Crathis and Sibaris, thatthe cattell which drinke oftheir water doe turne
white, whatfoeuer colour they had in former times. ©
Ho. t Ther
————
TER
Sa Ll
SS
eee i
=e
^
76 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Thetimeof . They willliue in ftrengthand perfection twelue yeares, and their whole life is for the
| O**9578*.. moft part but twenty, Kieliue not fo long, the meanes to know their age is by their teeth
\ ^. “and their horn, for itis obferuedthat their teeth grow black in their age, and their horns
“waxe more circled as chey grow in yeares, although I darenot affirme that euery circle
betokenetha yeares groweth, [as {ome haue written ]yet Iam affured the fmooth horne
fheweth a young beatt.Moreouer, although kie will endure much cold and heat both in
Winter and Summer, yet muít you haue more regard to your Oxen, and therefore it is
required that they inthe Winter cold weather be kept dry and houfed in ftals,which muft
be ofconuenient quantity, fo as euery oxe may be lodgedvpponftraw, the flooer made,
: higher vnder their foreteete then their hinder, fo as their vrine may paffe away and not 16
ftand to hurt their hoofes : andthere be alfo allowed for the ftanding and lodging'of eue-
ry Oxeeightfoot in bredth, anda length anfwerable. Thelike regard muft be had to theyr
maunger and rack, whereof the ftaues muft not ftand aboue one foot,or rather leffe from
one another, that fo they may not draw ouctheir meat, and ftampe it vnderfoot.
the meds; © Dutallthe dietand foode that the wit of mancan ordaine, willdothem no manner of
topreerue 00difregard be not had totheir bodily health, and preferuation offtrength, for which
an Oxen..— caufetheymuft receiuean ordinary medicine euery quarter of the yeare, thatisy inthe ~
froh. ^ endofthe fpring, Summer, Autumne, and Winter : which in fome places is thus made
and giuen in potion,they take of Cy pres;and Lupine-leauesan equal quantity, beat them
_ fall, then fet them in water inthe openayrea day anda night, andafterward giue vnto ze
“every one for three dayestogitherwarmedas muchasawinepint, —— :
In other places they giue them to prevent ficknes, a raw Egee, a handfulloffalte in a :
~ pint of wine : and other put into the meat of oxen, the foameofnewe oyle mingled with |
- water, firfta lictleat once vntill they be accuftomed vnto it, and afterward more,and this
they do every fourth orfift day. Cato reciteth a certaine vowe or prayer, which the olde
Vowesand idolatrous Romanes were woont to make for the health of their cattell; to Siluanus Mars,
ui presse which was on this mannet-Firft, they take three pound of greene wheat, and of Larde 4.
the cureof poundes, and foure pound and ahalte of flefhy finnewes, and three pintes anda halfe of
Cil. wine, then puttheminto earthen pots with hony,& put in the wineby it felf,and this they.
did yearely, but no woman mightknowehowitis made, or be prefent at the time of the 3o.
preparation, and it being made muftbe prefently confumed by fire:Vnto this ridiculous
andfuperftitious ydle inuention, feruing more to expreffe the folly ofman, then tobe-
nefit either man or beaft, I may adde that kind of: facrifice made for beafts, which Pliny
calleth Daps, that was made in the fpring time when the peare-tree did bloffome,the ma- |
ner whereof was thus. They did offer to Jupiter Dapalis abowle of wine, on the fame daye |
the heard-menand heards make their facrifice faying in this manner, O Iupiter Dapales, I
offer vnto thee this cup ofwine, inthe behalfe of my felfe,family and cattell, ifthou wilt
perform that vnto them which belongeth to thee;be good to this wine beneath,be good
to this my factifice : Afterward the party waíhed. his handes, and then dranke the wine
faying 50 Iupiter Dapales be good to this my facrifi ce,be good to this inferiour wine,and 4e
ifthou wilt, giue part therofto Peffa: the facrifice bein g ended he took Millet-feed, Len-
tils,oxipanum, and garlick : 7; hus farre Cato, wherewith if any reader be offended,let him
remember to pitcy {uch poore remedies, and commend his cattellto the true God, that
faueth manand beaft. The Draides of the Gauls, called a certain hearb growing in moyft
places Samolum : which being gathered by the lefthand of them that were faftinge, they
aue it foran Antidot tooxen and fwine. And Galen telleth ofanother fuperftitious cure.
j^ oxen; whena man tooke the horne ofa Hart, and layed it vppon the chappellof Paz,
and fet vpon ira burning candle which muftnotbe forgotten, but alway thought vppon
in the day time, calling vpponholy Demufaris, which fooli(h people haue thought as it
Paxanmits,
hase nas were by a witchcraft, to cure the euils of their cattell, - je
e i : . . e
ld Cac — Buttolet paffechefe and fuch like rifles, Ietvsfollowe a more perfe& defcriptionand. _
andtheperti ruletocureall manner of difeafes in this cattel,whofefafegard and health next toa mans, .
thaecot — istobeepreferredaboueall other: and firfte ofall the meanes whereby their fickneffe is
difcouered may be confidered, as all Laffitude or wearifomineffe thorough ouer much
Jabour,which appeareth by forbearing their meat, or eating afteranother fafhion je
: : Kt | -— they
- Of the Oxe. 3
they are woont, or by their often lying downe, or elfe by holding out their tongue;
all which and many more fignes of their difeafes,are manifeft to them that haue obíerued
them in the time oftheir health, andoa the other fideitis manifeft, thatthe health ofan
oxe may beknown by his agility, life & furring, when they are lightly touched or prick-
ed, tating, and holding their eares vpright, fulaeffe of their bellie; and many other
wayes. I
There bealfo hearbes which increafe in cattelldiuers difeafes,as herbs bedewed with
Honie bringeth the Murrain, the iuice of black Chameleon killeth yong kie like the chine,
blacke Zeelebére, Acenitumyor NV olfe-bane, which is that graflein cilicea, whichinflameth
1o oxen, herbehenry,and'others: Itisalfo reportedby Aryforle, thatina piece of Thracia,
not far from that citty which is called the cittie of Media, there isa place almoft thirty fur-
longs in length, where naturally growetha kinde of barley, whichis good for men, but EO
pernitious for beafts. The like may be faid of Aegolothros, Orobanche and deffur, but wil B
haften to the particular defcription of their difeafes.
Inthe firft placeis the Malis or Glausders already {poken ofinthe ftorie of the Affe rhe diteates
which may be known by thefe fignes, the oxes haire will be roughand ha rd, his eles and which infeft idit
necke hange downe, matter running out ofthenofe, his pace heauie , chewing bis cud Oxen & Kye E
little, his backe-bone (harpe, and his meat loathíome vnto him : for remedie herof, take i IE gi
fea-onoynsor Garlicke, Lupines or cypres, or elfe the foame of oile.And ifa Beaít eate |
20 hogges-dung,they prefentlie fall ficke of the Peftilence, which infeð the hearbes and |
rale they breath on,the waters whereof hey drinke, and the ftals and lodgings wherein i
they lie The humors whichannoy the body ofoxen are many, the firft isa moift one cal- M
Jed Malis, yfluing at thenofe, the feconda dry one when nothing appeareth outwardlye : 4 |
onely thebea(t forfaketh his meat, the third an articular, when theforeor hinder legs of ii
the beaft halte,and yet the hoofes appeare found, the fourth is Fareiminous, wherein the l
whole body breaketh forthinto matry bunches & byles, and appear healed til they break ii
foorth in other places, the fift Subterewtanrus, when vnder theskinne there runnetha hu-
nour that breaketh forth in many places of the body : the fixta Subrenall, when the hin- pow,
derlegs halte by reafon of fome paine in the loines, the feuenthaMaunge or Leprofie; ae
go andlaftly amadneffe or Phrenzy, all which are contagious, and ifoncethey enter into a [i
heard, they will infe&teuery beaft if they be not feperated from the ficke, and fpeedy re-
medy obtained.
The remedies againftthe laft feuen arethus difcribed by Columella. Firftrake Oxipanum
and fea-holy roots mingled with fennel-feedeand meale of beaten wheat rath-ripe : put |
them in {pring water warmed with hony nine fpoonfuls at atime, and withthat medicine ! d
annoint the breaft ofthe beafte, then take the blood ofafea-fnaile, and for wantthereof, — |
a common fnaile,& putit into wine, and giue the beaft inac his nofe, and it hath bene ap- li
prouedto worke effe&uall.It is not good atany time to ftirre vppe Oxento running, for filo ’ n
chafing willcither moie chem to loofenes ofthebelly, or driue them into a feauer, nowe Seth : [ue "Án
4o the fignes ofa feuer arethefe : an immoderat heatouerthe whole body;efpecially about jy £5,
the mouth, tongue, and eares, teares falling out of the cies, hollownes of theireyes, a jnducit.
heauy arid ftooping drowzie head, matter ruaning out ofhis nofe, a hotteand difficulte
breath, and fometime fighing and violent beating of his vaines and loathing of meat: for
remedy whereof let the beat faft onewhole day ,thenlet him be let blood vnder the taile
fafting, and afterward make hima drinke of bole-wort ftalkes fod with oyle and lickquor
of fith-fauce,andfolethim drinke it for fiue daies togither before he eat meat afterward
let hii eat thetops of Lentils, and young finall vine braunches, then keepe his nofeand
mouth clean'with afpunge, and giue him colde watertodrinke three times aday, forthe
beft meanes of recouery are cold meates and drínkes; neither muft the beaft bee turned um
(go out of dotes; tillhe be recouered : When an oxeis ficke ofa cold, giue him blacke wine ii
and itwill prefently helpe him.
If an Oxe in his meatetaft of hens doung, his belly wil prefently be tormented, and AN
{well vito death if remedie be not giuen: for this mallady, take three ounces of partley es
— ae —— —
feed, a pintand à halfe of Cummin,two pounds of honey, beat thefetogitherand put it | | d
downhis throatwarme;then driuethe beaft vp and down, as long as he can ftand, thenlet mi |
H 3 as. i v
M
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
as many.as cán ftaadabourhim rub his belly,vatil the medicine worké to purgation : and
Vegetius addeth, thatché alhes of Elme wood well {od in oyle, and put downe the beafts
-throat;cureth che infatnation ofhen-dung.Ifat any time it happen, thatan oxé get into
his mouthand chroate a horfe-leech, which atthe firft will take faft holde, and fucke the
place the holds [be it mouth or throat] till fhe haue kild the beaft : if you canot take hold,
on her withthe hand, then putinto the oxes throata Cane, or little hollow pipe, euen to
the placewhere the leech fuckerh, andinto that pipe put warmeoyle, whichas fooneas
the leechfeeleth, fhe prefencly leaueth hold. " 7
Itfortuneth fometimes that an oxe is ftung or bitten with a Serpent, Adder, Viper, or
other fuch venimous beaft ; forthat wound, take fharpe Trifoly, which groweth in rocky
places, ftraine outthe iuice and beat itwith falte; then {carifte the woundwith that oynt-
ment, tillic be wroughtin.Ifa field-moufe bite an Oxe,fo as the dint of her teeth appears
then take alittle comminyand foft Pitch, and with that make a plaifter for the wound :.or
if you can get another field-Moufe, puther into oyle, and there let it remaine tillthe mé-
bers of itbe almoft rotrea,then bruife it & lay itto thefore and the fame body thal cure,
'» whole nature gatie the wound. Oxenare alfo much troubled with a difeafe called thehide-
bound; for remedy whereof, when the beaft is taken from his worke, and panteth, then
lethim be {prinkled over with wine, and putpeeces offatte into his mouth: ifthen you
percciue no amendment, then feeth fome Laurell,and therewith heat his backe, andaf-
terward with oyleand wine fcarifie him all ouer,plucking his skin vp ftom theribbes,and
this muft be done in the fünfhine, or elfe in avery warme place. |
For the fcabs, take the tuice of Garlicke, and rub the beaft all ouer; and with this me-
dicine may the biting ofa Wolfe ora mad dogge be cured : although other affirme, that
the hoofe of any beaft with Brim(tone, oyle, Water, and Vineger, isa more prefent. re-
medy s but there is no better thinge then butterandftale Vrine : When they arevexed
with wormes, poure cold water vpon them, afterward annoint them with the iuice of o-
nions mingled with fale.
^
‘Ifan oxe bewrinched and flrayned in bis finnewes;in trauell orlabour,by ftumping on
any roote er hard fharpe thing, then lecthe contrary foot or legge belet blood, if the fin-
news {wel:If his necke {vvell let him blood, or if his necke be vvindingand vveake [as if it
were broken] then lethim blood in that eareto which fide the head bendeth. When their .
neckes be bald, grind two tiles togither,anevv oneandaolde, and vvhen the yoake is ta-
ken off, caft the pouder vpon their neckes, and afterwarde oyle, and fo with a little reft the
haire vyill¢ome againe. b
Whenan oxehangeth dovvnehis eares and eateth not his meat, heis troubled vvith
a Cephalalgie: that is;a paine in his head : for vvhich;feeth Thyme in wine, vvith falrand
Garlické, and therevvithrub his tonguea good {pace 5 alfo ravv barly fteepedin, Vina,
helpeth this difeafe.Sometime an oxeis troubled vvith madnefle, for vvhich men burne
them betvvixt the hornes in the forehead, till they bleed, fometime thereis a Fly vvhich
* biting them continually, driueth them into madneffe s for vvhich they are vvoont to caft
brimitone,and bay fprigs fod in waterinthe paftures where they feede, but Iknovv not
what good:cancomethiereby. When oxen aretroubled vvith eam, put afprig of black
Hellebore throgh their ears, wherein let ieremain til the next day atthe fame houre.Al the
euils ofthe eyes are for the moft part cured by infufien of hony, and fome mingle there-
vvith Aramoniacke, Salt, and Bocticke.WV hen thepallat or roofe of their mouth is fo fwel-
led that the beaft forfaketh meat,and bendeth one the one fide,let his mouth be pared with
atharpeinftrament, or elfe burned orabated {ome other way, giuing them. greeneand
foft meat til the tenderfore be cured :butvvhen the checkes {vvell, forremedy thereof,
they fellthemavvay tothe butcher for flaughter: it falleth out very often thatthere grow
certaitie: bunches ontheir tongues,. vvhich makethem forfake their meate, and for this
thing they cut the toong, and aftervvardrub the wound wvith garlicke and fale; tillal the
flcamy matter yflue forth. [2] ii pnt el 1 ox
Whentheir vaines in their cheeks and chaps fwellout into vicers; they foften and wath
them with vinegerand lees;till they becured. Whenthey are liner-ficke, they.gine them
Rubarbe, Mifbroms, and Gentian, mingled togither. Forthe cough and fhort;breath,
: td ne o
290
30
40
go
‘|
OF the Oxe. |
they giue thiem twigs of vires, or Iuniper mingled with falt; and fome vfe Betony:
Thereis acertaine hearbe called .4/plenon or Citterach, which confumeth the Melts
of Oxen, found by this occafion : inereete there is a Ryuer called Protereus, running be- '
twixtthe two citties Gnofon and.Gortina, on both fides thereofthere were heards ot cat-
tell, burthofe which fed neere to Gerzíza had no Spleene,and the other which fed neer to
Gpofon were fullofSpleene : when the Phyfitians endeuoredto finde out the crue cauífe
heereof, they foundan hearbe growing on the coaft ofGorziza, which diminifhed their
Splecne; and for that caufe called it 4 {/plenon. But nowto come to the difeafes oftheir |
.. bteítandftomack,and firft ofalto begine with the cough,which ifit be new,may be cured
yo byapintof Barly Meale with araw Egge, and halfe a pint of fod wine: and ifthe cough be
old, taketwo pounds of beaten Hyfop fod in 3. pints of water, beaté Lentils,or the roots
efonyons wafhedand baked with Wheate meale giuen fafting, do driue away the oldeft
cough: For fhortnefle of breath, their Neat-heardes hang about their Necke deathes-
hearb and hartf-wort: but if theirLiuers orlungs be corupted [which appeareth by along
_ cough and Jeannes] take the root of hafell, and putit throughthe Oxes eare ; then, a
like or equall quantity of the iuyce of Onyons and oyle mingled, and put into a pincof
Wine, let it be giuen to the beaft many daies together. Ifthe Oxe be troubled with cru-
dity, ora raw euill ftomach, you fhallknow by thefe fignes ; he wil often belch, his belly
will rumble, he will forbeare his meate, hanging down his eies, and neither chew the cud
20 orlicke himfelfe with his tongue : for remedy whereof, take two quarts of warme Water,
thirty ftalkes of Bole-worts, fecth them together till they be foft, and then giuethem to the
beaft withvineger. | | ;
But ifthe crudity caufe his belly to ftand outand fwell, then pull his tayle downe-
warde with allthe force that you can, and binde thereunto Mother-wort, mingled with
falt; orelfe gine thema glifter, or anoint a VVomans hand withoyle, andlet hir draw out
the dung from his fundament; andafterward cuta vaine, in histayle wvitha fharp knife.
When they be diftempered with choler, burne their Legs to the hoofes vvitha vvhoc I-
ron, andaftervvardletthem reft vpon cleaneand foft ftravv : vvhen their guts and intrals
are paynedthey are eafedvvith the fightofa Duck ora Drake.
go Butvvhen the fmall guts are infected, take fifteene eypresaples and fo many gaules,
. mingleand beate themvviththeir vvaight of old cheefe in foure pints of the (harpeft
VVine you can get, and fo diuide it into foure parts, giuing tothe beaft euery day one
quantity. 'Theexcrements ofthe belly doe depriuethe body ofall ftrengthand power to
labour ; wherefore vvhen they are troubled vvith it, they muft reft, and drinke nothing
for three dayestogether, and the firft day let them forbeare meate, the fecond day giue
them the toppes of wilde Olyues, or in defe& thereof, canes; or reedes ; the ftalkes of
Lantifeeand Myrtill;and the thirde day a little Water, and vnto this fomeadde dryed
Grapes in fixe pintes ofíharpe Wine, giuen euery day in like quantity. When their
hinder parts are lame through congealed blood in them, whereofthere is no outward ap-
uo peatance,takea bunch of Nettles with their rootes and put it into their mouthes, by rub-
bing whereofthe conderfate blood willremoue away.
When Oxen come firft ofallafter Winter to graffe, they fall graffe -ficke, and pite
blood ; for which they feeth together in water barley, bread, and larde, and fo gine them
altogether ina drinke to the beaft : fome praife the kernels of Walenuts putinto Egge--
fhels for this cure, andother take the bloody water it felte and blow it into the beaítes
Noftrils ;andheard-menby experience haue found, thatthere is no better thing then
heatb-Robert, to ftay the piffing ofblood : they muftalfo bekept ina ftall within doores;
and befed with dry graffeand the beft hay. Iftheir hornes beannoynted with wax, oyle,.
and pitch, they fecle no paynein their hoofes ;except in cafes where any beafttreadeth
‘so and preffeth anothers hoofe; in which cafe, take oyleandfod Wine, andthen vfethem .
in a whot barley plaifter or poultafe layed to the: wounded place : but ifthe plough thare
hurt the Oxes foote, then lay thereunto ftone-pitch, Greate, and Brimítone, hauing
firft of all feared the wound witha whot Iron bound about with fhorne wool. o>. |
Nowto returne to thetaming aiid inftru&ioti of .Oxen. It is faid that Buftris King of
Egypt was the firftehat euer tamed or yoaked Oxen, hauing his name giuen lim for ws
sb purpoic,
79
Bo
hew to tame
or yoke wild
Oxen.
Raf.
‘The vn der
ftanding of
Oxen,
Guidus.
e/Aeliauus
The loue of
oxen to their
yoke-fellow
ef the licking
of Oxen,na-
tural obfer-
uations,
"Their ria
to go altray. «
The anger of
Oxen & kye.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
purpofe, Oxenare by nature meeke, gentle, flow, andhot ftubborne; bycaufe being de-
priued of his genitals he is more traétable, and for this caufe it is requitite thatthey bee
alwaie vfedto hand, andto be familiar with man,that he may take bread at his hand,and
betyedvp tothe racke, for by gentleneflethey are befttamed, being thereby more wil-
ling and {trong for labour, then if they were roughly yoaked or fuffered to run wild with-
out the fociety and fight ofmen. Varro fayth, that tris beftto tame them betwixt fiue and
three yeare old, for before three it 1s tofoone, bycaufe they are too tender; and after fiue:
itis too late, by reafon they aretoo vnwealdy and ftubborne. |
Butifany be taken mor€ wild and vnruly, take this dire&ion fortheir taming :firft, if
you haue any old tathed oxen, ioyne them together [a wildeand à tame ] and ifyou
pleafe,-you may make a yoake to holde the Neckes of three oxen fo that ifthe beaft
would rageand be difobedient, then willthe old one both by example and ftrength draw
him on, keeping him from ftarting afide, and falling down. They mutt alfo be accufto-
med to drawanempty cart, waine, or {led through fome towne ot village, where there is
fom concourfe of people, ora plow in valloed ground or fand, fo as the beaft maynotbe
difcouraged by the waightand ftrength of the bufineffe, their keeper muft often with
his owne hand giue them meate into their mouth, and ftroke their Nofes, that fo they
may be acquainted withthe {mell of a man 3 and likewife put his hand to their fides, and
{troke them vnder their belly, whereby the beaft may fecleno difpleafureby being tou-
ched. In fome countries, they wath them all ouer with Wine for two orthree dayes to-
gither, and afterward in a horne gine them wineto drinke, which dothwonderfully tame
them, although they haue beeneneuer fo Wilde: other put their Neckes into engins,
and tame them by fubítra&ing their meate: other affirme, thatifa wilde oxe betyed
witiia halter made of Wooll, he will prefently waxe tame : butto this IHeaue euery man
tohis particular inclinationfor this bufinefle; onely, letthem chaunge their oxens
fides, and fet them fometime on the right fide;and fometime on thelefte fide, and beware
that heauoide the Oxes heele, for if once he getthe habite of kicking, he wil very hardlye
be refrained from itagaine. He hatha good memory, and will not forget the man that
pricked him whereas he wil not ftirre atanother, being like a man in fetters, who diffem-
bleth vengance vntill he bereleafed, and then paieth the perfon thathath grieued him.
Wherefore it is not good to vfea young oxeto a goad : butrather to awaken his dulnefie
with a whip. | oq |
Thefe beafts do vnderftand their owne names;and diftinguifh betwixt the voice of their
keepers and ftrangers. They arealfo faid to remember and vnderftand numbers, forthe
King of Perfia had certaine Oxen; which euery day drew water to $2//s to water his Gar-
dens, their number was an hundred veffels, whichthrough cuftom they grew to obferue,
and therefore not one of them would halt orloyter inthat bufineffe, tillthe whole wasac-
complifhed : but after the number fulfilled, there was no goad,whip,or other meanes,
could once makethem ftir,to fetchanother draught orburthen. They are faid to loué
theirfellowes with whomthey. draw in yoake moft tenderly, whom they feeke out with
mourning ifhe be wanting. It islikewife obferued inthe iun ol themfelues againft the *
haire,( butas Cz¢ero faith) if he bendto the right fide and lickethat, it prefa getha {torme;
but ifhe bend totheleftfide, he foretelletha calmy faire day : Inlike manner, when he
lowgheth and fmellethto the earth, or when he feedeth fuller then ordinary, it betoke-
neth chang of weather: butin the Awtumn,if (heep or Oxen dig the earth with their feet,
ot lie downe head to head; it is held for anaffured token ofa tempeft.
They feede by companies and flockes, and their nature is to follow any one which
{traieth away 5 for ifthe neat-heard be notprefent toreftrainethem, they wil all followto
their owne danger. Beingangred and prouoked they will fight with ftrangers very ireful-
ly, with vnapeafeable contention : forit was feenein Rari, betwixt Curia and Feleuria
that when the heardes oftwo villages mette in a certaine plainetogether, they fought
folonge; that of threefcore, foure.and.twenty were flaine, and all of them wounded,
[eight excepted] which the inhabytantes tooke for anill prefage or mifchiefe: of fome
enfuing calamitye, and therefore they would not fuffer their bodyes to bee couered
with earth ;.to auoyde this contention, skilfull Neate-heardes giue their. Cattell
| ats and fome
20
30
go
Of the Oxe. $1
fome fttongheatbes, as garlike and füch like, that the fauour may auert that (trife The
which come about Oxen, Buls, and bugils, muft not weare any red Garments, bycaufe Gillsus
their nature ryfeth andis prouoked to rage, if they fee fuch a colour. : Part dp
... (Thereis great enmity betwixt Oxen and Wolues, for the Wolfe [ being a flefh-ea- PET
ting-creature] lyeth in waiteto deftroy them and it;isfaid, thatthereis fo greata natural
feare in them, that ifa VVolues tayle bee hariged inthe racke or manger where an Oxe
feedeth, he willab{tainefrom eating: This beatt is'but fimple, though his afpe& feeme
tobe very graue; and thereof came the prouerbe of the Oxentothe yoke, which was cal- Rafe.
led Ceronea 3 wherewithall Wraftlers and Prize-players were anointed, but whenafoolih
ro aud heauy man was annoynted they faid ironically Bos ad ceroma. :
| Againethe folly of this beaft appearerh by another Greeke prouerbe,which faith, that
An Oxeraifeth duft which blindeth his awne eyes : to fignifie, that foolith and indifcrete men
{titre vp theoccafion oftheir owne harmes. The manifold Epirhets giuen this: beaft ia
Greekeand Latine by fundry authors, doe demon(tratiuely (hew the manifold conditi-
“ons of this beaft jas that it is calleda Plower; Wilde, an earth-tiller; brazen- footed, by
reafonof his hard hoofes [Cerebrons] more brayne then wit; horned, (tubborne, horne-
ftriking , hard, rough, vntamed, deuourer of grafle, yoake-bearer, fearefull, ouertamed,
drudges, vvry-faced, flovv,and ill fauored, vvith many other fuch notes of their nature,
ordination, andcondition. 3
so - hereremaineyet of this difcourfe of Oxen,tvvo other neceffary Tradats; the one The naturall
naturall & the other morral. That vvhich is natural,contayns the feueral vfes of their par Vs of the fe
ticular parts:& firft for their fleth,which is held fingular for norifhment,for which caufe, gua aa
after their labour which bringeth leanneffe, they Es to put them by forfagination, or [as LM
itis fayd] in Englifh for feeding, which in all countries hath afeuerall manner or cuftom. ir n
Sotion affirmeth, that if you giue your cattell when they comefrefh from their pafture,
Cabbage leaues beaten finall with fome fharpe vineger poured among them, and after-
ward chaffe winowed in a fiefe, and mingled with branne for fiue daies together, it will
much fatten and encreafe their fletb, and the fixth day ground barley, encreafing the
quantity by little and little for fixe dayes together. | |
Now the beft time to feedethemin the Winter is about the cock-ctowing, and after-
39 wardinthe morning twy-light, and (ooneafter that letthem drinke : in the Summerlet
them haue their firft meatein the morning, and theirfecond feruice at noone, and then
drinke after that fecond meate or eating, and their third meate before euening againe,
and foletthem drinke the fecond time; It is alfo to be obferued that their water in winter
"time be warmed, andinthe Summertime colder. And while they feedeyoumuft often
wath the roofe and fides oftheir mouth, for therein will grow certaine Wormes which
will annoy the beaft and hinder his eating, and after the wathing rubbe his tongue
welwith fal. Iftherefore they be carefully regarded they wil grow very fat, efpecially if
they benot ouer aged or very youngat the time oftheir feeding: for by reafon of age their
teeth grow loofe and fall out, and in youth they cannot exceede infatneffe bycaufe of
their groweth : aboue all heighfers and barren Kyewil exceed in fatneffe, for Varro affir-
meth,that he faw a field Moufe bring forth young ones in thefat ofa cowehauing eaten 4 gis, ree
into her body fhe being aliue: the felfe fame thingis reported ofaSow in Arcadia : Kye port ofa fat
willalfo grow fatwhen they are with calfeefpecially inthe middeft of chattime. The Turks Cow, iftrue.
víé in their greateft feaftesand Marriages, to roft or feeth an Oxe whole, putting in the .
oxes belly awhole Sovv, and inthe Sowes belly,a Goofe, andin the Goofes belly an
Egge,to note forth their plenty in great and fmall things : but the beft flefh is ofa young
oxe;and the worft ofan oldeone, for itbegetteth an ill iuyceor conco&ion, efpecially
ifthey which eate it be troubled vvith a cough or reumy fleame, or ifthe party beina
confumption, or fora woman that hath vicers in her belly,thetongue ofan oxeorcow
jo falted and flit afunder, is accompted a very delicate dif he, vvhich the prieftes of Mercury
fayd did belong to them, bycaufethey vvere the feruants offpeech, and hovvfoeuer iti
al facrifices the beafts tongue vvas refufed as aprophane member, yet thefe priefts made
choife thereof, vnder colour offacrifice to feede their dainty (tomacks. i.
Thehornes ofoxenby art of man are made very flexible and ftraight whereof "s
a ae ! made
RT NM I E ERE MERE c T7 002-7020 ee
Stati p CER:
92
T be Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
madecotnbes, hafts forkniues; ‘and the ancients haue vfed them fot'cüps todrinkein,
and for this caufe was Bacchus painted with hornes; and Crater was taker for a cip» which
.. is derined of Keraa horne:Inlike mánnerthefirft-Trümpets were made of hortiés'as Pir
* gillallüdeth vnto this fentence, Rauco frepuerunticornua cantu, and now a daievit is be-
come familier for the carriage of Gun-pouder in warre. Itis reported by fomehüsbaridz
amen, that iffeede be caftinto the éarth out ofan Oxes horne( called in old time zerasbo-
la) by teafon ofa certaine coldneffe, it well neuer {pring vp well out ofthe earth, atthe
Jeaft not fo wellas when itis {owed withthehand of man. Their skirine is vfedforthooes}
Garments, and Gumme,becaufe ofa fpongy matter thereid/contayned, alfo'to make
Gun-pouder, and itis vfedinnauigation when a fhot hath pierced the fides ofthe fhip,
prefently they clap araw Oxé hydetothe mouth ofthe breach; which inftaiitly keepeth
the Vater from entring in : likewife they: were wontto makeBucklers or {hieldes of tlie
hides of Oxen and Bugils;andthe feuen-folded or doubled fhield of 4/ax was nothing
-elfe buta fhield made ofan Oxe hyde, fo many times layed one piece vpon another,
whichcaufed Hamer to callit Sacos heptaboctams coss oie ss i
_ OftheteethofOxen know noother vfe but fcraping and making Paper fmooth with
them 5 their gall being fprinkled among feede»whichis'to be fowen maketh it. come vppe
quickly ,and killeth feld-mife that taftofit, and ivisthe bayne. or poyfon ofthofecrea-
tures : fothatthey will not come neere to it, no not in bread ifthey difcerne its and birds
ifthey eate córne touched withan Oxes gall’ put into hot water firft ofall,andthe lees
' ef Wyne, they wax thereby aftonifhed : likewife Emmets will not-comevppon thofe
; places wherethereremaineth any fauour of this gall ; and for this caufe they anoynt
.., heerewitlitherootes oftrees. The dung of Oxenis beneficiall to Bees ifthe Hyuebee
, annoynted therewich, for itkilleth Spiders, Gnats, and drone-bees 5 and if goodheede
benottaken; it will workethe like effe& vpon the Bees themfelues : for this caufe they:
- vfeto {mother or burne this kinde ofdung vnderthe mouthes ofthe Hiuesin the f pring
. the medcins
ofthe feueral
parts of oxem
“and Kye
Rafis.
Fn nerint,
time, whichfo difplayeth and difperfeth'all the little enemy-bees in Bee-hiues that they
neuer breedagaine. Thereis a prouerbe ofthe ftable of Angia 5 which Angiawas fo rich
in cattell, that he defiledthe countrey with their dung, whereupon that prouerbe grew:
when Hercules came vito him he promifed him a part of his countrey to purgethat fta-
bles which was not clenfed by the yearely labour of 3000. Oxen,but Hercules vndertaling
thelabour turned aRyuer vpon it, and fo clenfed all. VV hen 4a faw that his table was
purged by art; and not by labour, he denyedthe reward ;and becaufe Phyleus his eldet
fonnereproued him fornot regarding a’ manfo well deferuing, he caft him out of his fa-
milyforeuer. — | 3i
'^"The manifold vfe ofthe members of Oxen andKyein medicyne, now remainethto
ro
20
39
be briefely touched. The horne beaten.into pouder, cureth the cough, efpecially the
typesor point of the horne, whichis alfo receiued. againft the ptificke, or (hort breath
made intopils with Honys The pouder of a Cowes horne mixed with vineger; lie]p-
eth the mórphew, being wafhed or annoynted therewith. Thefame infufed into the 4o
NNoftrils, ftayeth the bleeding: likewife mingled with warme water and vineger, giuen
toa Splenetickeman for three dayes together, it wonderfully worketh vpon that paffion ::
pouder of the hoofe ofan Oxe with water put vpon the kings euill helpeth it, and with
WaterandHony ithelpeth the apoftemes andfwelling of the body : andthe fame bur-
ned and putinto drinke, and given toa Woman that lacketh Milke, it encreafeth milke
and {trengtheneth hir very much. Othertake the tongue of a cow, which they dry fo long
till it may be beaten into pouder, and fo giue ittoa woman in white wine or broath. The
duft of the heele ofan oxeorancle bone, taken in Wineand putto the gummes or teeth
doe faftenthem, and remouethe acheaway:Theribbes of oxen beaten to pouder doe.
ftay the luxe of blood, and ‘eftrain the aboundance of monthly courfes in women. The
ancle ofa white cow layed forty daies and nightes into wine, and rubbed on the face with
white linnet, taketh {pots andmaketh the skinne looke very cleare- |
- ; Whereaman bitethany other liuing creature, feeth the fle(h ofan oxe or a calfe; and
afterfiue dayes lay itto the fore, and it fhall worke the eafe thereof. The flefh being
warme layed to thefwellings ofthe body, eafeth them : foalfo doethe warme blood and
gallofthe fame beaft. A | The
$9
Of the Oxe.
The broath of beefe healeth the loofneffe of the bellye, comming by reafon of cholers
andthe broath of cowes flefh, or the marrow ofa.cow, healeth thewlcers and chinkes of
the mouth: The skinne ofan oxe [efpecially the leather thereof} worne in aíhooe, bur-
nedand applyed to pimples inthe body or face, cureth them. The sMinne of the feete
and Nofe of an oxe or iheepe, fod ouer afoft and gentle fire, vntill here arifea certaine
fcumme like to glue fromit, and afterward dried inthe cold windye aire,and drunk, help-
eth [or at'leaft]] eafeth burftneffe very much.
~The matrow ofan oxe, or the fewet, helpeth the ftraynes offinnewes if they beanoin-
tedtherewith. Ifone make a fmall candle of paper and cowes marrow, fetting the fameon
| yo fire vnder his browes or eye-lids which are balde, without haire,and often annoynting
theplace, he fhallhaue very decent and:comely haire grow thereupon. Likewife the fe-
wet of oxen helpeth againit all outward poyfon :foin all Leprofies, botches, and fcurui-
nefle ofthe skinne;the fame mingled with Goofe greale, and poured into the eares, help-
eth the deafeneffe of them. It is alfo goodagainft the inflammation of the eares, the (tu-
“pidity and dulnefie ofthe teeth, the running of the eyes, the vicers and rimes of the
mouth, and ftiffeneffe of the neck. If ones blood be liquid and aptto runne forth ofthe
body, itmay be wellthickned and retayned, by. drinking Oxe blood mingled with vine-
er & the blood ofacowpouredinto a wound that bleedeth, ftayeth the blood. Likwile
the blood ófOxen cuteth the {cabs in Dogs.
20 ^ Concetiting their Milke,volumes may be written ofthe feuerall and manifold vertues
83
thereof, forthe Arcadians refufed all medicine, onely in the fpringitime when their beats pj,
did eate graffe, they dranke cowes Milke; being perfwaded, thatthe vertue and vigour of A Hiftory
al goodhearbs and fruits were receiuedand digefted into thatliquorsforthey gaue it me-
dicinally tothem which were ficke of the Prificke; ofconfumption, ofan old cough, of
the confümption of the raynes, ofthe hardneffe of the: belly, and ofall manner poyfons
which burne inwardly 5 which is alfothe opinion of all the Greeke, Phyfitians : and the
ftiellofa Walnut fod in cow-inilkeand layed tothe place where-aferpent hath bitten, it
curethityand ftayeththepoyfon. «^: ue ;
» "The fame being hewand warme Gargarized intothe throate, helpeththe foreneffe of
go: the kernels; andall paynein the arte ties;and fwellingin the throate and (to macke:andaf’
any man beein danger ofa fhort breach; lechim take dayliefofte pitch with the hearbe
Muttimie; andhatts-füet elarified ina Cup of new Milke, and it hath beene proued very
rofitable. UG edi UO TLY 200 1037900 9 0XXBU eT hes : j
SN herethepaynes ofthe (tomacke come by fadneffe,: Melancholy, or defperation,
diiske Cownmilke ; VVomass Milkey or Afies-milke, wherein a flint-ftone hath beene
foddeh. ^ Whén'one istróübled with adefire of going often tothe ftoole,and can egeft
nothing, let him drinke cow milkeadd Affe-milke fod together; the fame alfo heated with
gads of [ron or Steele; and mingled with one fourth part of water, helpeth the bloody
flix i miagled withaditle'Hony anda Buls gall, with: cummin and gourds layedtothe
49 Nauelly and fone affirme, chat cow-milkedoth help conception, ifa woman be troubled
with chéwhire luxe, fothathir wombe beindaungered, let her drinke a purgation for hir
vpper partes}and aferward Affesmilke; laft of all let her diinke cow-tnilkeand new wine,
(for forty dates together ifneede be)foming/edthatthe wine appeare not inthe milke,
and it {hall ftay the fluxe. Butin the vfe of milke, the rule of Aipoerates mult be contiu ual-
lyobferued, that it be not vfed with any (harpe ottart liquor, for chen it curdleth.inthe
ftomack. andtürneth into corruption: The Way of cow-inilke mingled with Hony and
fait, as muchas thetatt will permit and drunke,loofeneththe hardneffe ofthe Belly... ....
.“yehe marrow ofa cow mingledwith a: lite meale, and with new cheele, wonderfully
ftayeth the bloodyfixe. It i affirmed;chatthereis inthe head of anoxe,a certainelictle
$a ftone, which onely in the feare ofdeath he cafteth ourathis mouth, if this ftonebetaken
from them fuddenly by cutting the head;it doth make children to breed teeth eafily, be-
ing foonetyedaboutthem. Ifa man or woman, drinke of the fame water;whereofanoxe
" drütke alittle before) it wileafe the headache : and inthe fecorid vente ofa cow there
isarotmd blacke Tapbus found, being ofno waight, which is accounted very profitable
to Womtnen in hard tratailes of child-birth. The Liver of an oxe.or cow anys and
! cunke
=
1i
FH
Jg m
p Sic cai ANE
gu opa p m
6 ax
" = = =
tee at
IU gros Veen
34 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts. :
drunke in pouder, cureth the fluxe of blood. The gall ofa cow is more forcible in opera-
tion then all other beaftes gals whatfoeuer. The gall ofan Oxe mixed with hony, draw-
ethout any thorne or point ofa needle or other Iron thing out ofthe flefh whereit ftick-
eth. Likewife ic bing mingled withalome and Myrrhe as thickeas hony, itcureth thofe
euils which creepe and annoy the priuy partes ; laying vpon it afterward Beetesfodin
Wine. ]
It will not fufferthe Kings euilto grow or fpread it felfe if it be laied vpon itat the be- |
ginning. Thehands wathed in an oxes gall and water, are made white how blacke foeuer :
they were before time; andif pur-blindeyes be annoynted with the gal ofa blackecow;
one may read any writing the more plainely : there is in the gal ofan oxea certaine little 10
ftone likea ring, which the Phylofophers cal 4/cberez, [and fome Guers and Naffatum]
which being beaten and held to ones Nofe, it cleareth the eyes, and maketh thatno hu- :
mour do diftil to annoy them : and ifone take thereof the quantity ofalintell feed, with
the iuyce of Beetes, it is profitable againft the falling euil. If one be deafe orthicke of
hearing; take the gal ofan oxe and the vrine ofa Goate; or thegallofa Goofe : likewife, it
eafeththehead-achcinan Ague, andapplyedto thetemples prouoketh fleepe, and if the
breafts ofa woman beannoynted therwith it keepesher nailke from curdling.
The melt ofan oxe is eaten in hony for eafing the paynes of the meltifa man,and with,
the skinthata calfe caft out of his dammes belly, the. vicers in the face are taken away +
and if twenty heads of Garlicke be beaten inan oxes bladder, with a pinte of vinegerand 2o.
layed to the backe, iewill cure the melt: It is likewife giuenagainftthe Spleene, and thé:
- cholicke made like a plafter,and layed to the nauelltilone fweat. . |
Thevrine ofan Oxe caufetha cold ftomacketo recouer,and I haue feen that the vrine-
ofa cow, taken in Gargarizing did cure intollerable vlcers in the mouth. Whenthebee.
hath tafted of the flowerofthe corne-tree, fhe prefently dyethby loofeneffe of the bel-:
ly, except the taft thewrine ofa man or anOxes ^07 = : vil om
There are likewifentany vfes of the dung of Oxen made in Phyficke, whereofauthors
are full, but efpecially againft the goute, plaftering the ficke member therewith whotand
newly made : and spain the Dropfie, making a plafter thereof with Barley mealeand a
little Brimfton afperfed, to couerthe belly ofa manz:And thus much for the natural pros-30
perties of this kind, nowwe will briefely proceedtothe morally. 05 piso ao var
The thorallvfes of this beaft, bothin labour and other things doth declare the dignity.
Pda and highaccount our forefathers made heereof, both in vintage, harueft, plowing, car-
vieot Oxen Eiage; drawing;facrificing, and making Leaguesoftruce arid. peace; in Íomuchas, that
tae m "x , ifthis fayled, al tilage and vintage mult in many places oftheworldbe viterly put downs,
induftry. * and in truth, neither the Foules of the aire,nor the Horfle for the battaile, nor the Swine
and Dogges could have no fuftenance but by. the labor of Oxen : for although in fome,
places they haue Mules;or Cammels; or Elephants, which help them in this labour;yet.
can there notbe inany Nation a negle& of Oxeri; and their renietence was fo great, that
Dara, inauricienttime whenanoffendor was to befined inhis.cattel [as al amerciaments weres4@
in thofe daies] the Iudge mightnot namean Oxe, vntil he hadfirft nameda Sheepes and."
they fined a fmaloffenceattwo fheepe and not vnder; and the greateft offence critninal,.
atthirty oxenand not aboue, which were redeemed, by giuing for euery oxe an hundred. .
Affes;andten for eneryfheepe. lt oxtrriosiv sdiniwd |: S tl ire
- Tis fomequeftionamong the ancients, who did fir(t ioyne Oxen together for plow-;
ing: fomeaffirming, that Ari/fezsfirftlearedit of the Vymphs, in the Jland Ce : and Digs,
dorus affirmeth, that-Dionifrus Sonne of Iupiter, and Ceres ox Proferpina, did firft ofal ine-
uentthe plow. Someattributeitto Briges the Athenian, otherto Triptolemus, Ofiris, Ha-
bides aKinig of Spaine;and/#r@¢ill affirmeth moft conftantly, that itwas Ceres as appears
reth by this verfes aulye ino xed fash 10 org: | nof 9s.
Prima Ceres ferro mortales vertere terram, |... dU.
Taflituitiee.- 'W*10 [ uon "OC ME
" MVhereunto agreetli Servius : but Lrathet enclineto Iofephus, Lactantinsand Enfebi-.
£4 whoaffirme; thatlongbeforeceres was borne; or O/ris, or Hercules, ox any ofthe refi-.
" qdue,cheirwasa ptadtife of plowing, both among the Hzbrewes,and the Egyptians ? and.
i there-
Heraclides
1
5o
pc
30
wr
wc»
) - Of the Óxe. ^ y 85
cheréforé asthe God of plowing called by the Romaines Ivgatinus (becaufe of yoaking
Oxein)wasa fond aberration from the truth; fo are the refidue oftheir inventions, about’
the rft manthat tilled with Oxen: feeing that it is faide of Cain and Noah, that they were
husbandmenandtulled the earth. The Athenians hadthree feuerall plow-feaftes which eAuguftinns
theyobferued yearely, one in Scirus,the other in Rharia, andthe chirde vnder Peliztus:
and they calledtheirmarriage feafts plow-feafons, becaufe then they endeuored by the
fced'of man to multiply the world, in procreation of children,as they did by the plow to
encreifefoodintheearth. “°° "nisi: :
The Gexcians had aland of writing called Bou/Praphedon, which beganne, turned,and
6 ended asthe Oxen doe in plowing a furrow, continuing from the lefthande to the right,
andfrom theright handto the leftagaine, which no man could read, but hee thatturned
the Paperorrableateuery lines end.Itis alfo certaine, that in auncient time; the leagues
of truceand peace were written in an Oxes hide, as appeareth by that peace which was
madeby Tarquinius betwixt the Romaines and the Gaby, the which was hanged vp
in the; Temple of Iupiter, as Déonifius and Pompeius Sextus affirme ( in the likeneffe
of à buckler or fhield :;jand the chiefe heads of that peace remained legible in thathide}
vnto their time; and thereforethe ancients called the Oxes hidea fhield,in regard that
by that conclufion ofpeacesthey were defended from the wats of the Gab.
And there werecertaine people called Homolortiby Herodotus, who were woont to
firike vp their leagues of peace after Warreand contention,by cutting an Oxe into {mal
peeces, which were deuided among the people that were to be vnited, in token of anin-
feperable vnion. There be that affirme,that a Teame or yoake of Oxen, taking fix or eight
tothe’ Teame, willploweuery yeare, or rather euery feafon a hyde of ground ;that is, as
fómeaccount;20. Manfa;or in Englifh and German account, 30.Acres: whichhathgot- ,
ten thename Jagera from this occafion, as Eu/tathins, and varinus report. When Sychaus A Hiftory
he husband of Dido who was Daughter of Agenor and fifter to Pigmalion, wandered too
"and fro inthe world with great ftore of treafure,: hee was {laine by Pigmalionfecretly, in
hope to get his wealth: After which time,it is faide that he appeared to. his wife Dido, bid-
ding herto (aue herlifefrom hercruell brotherswho more efteemed money then nature,
(he Bed into Ly bia, taking with her fome Tyrsans, among whome fhe had dwelled, anda
.competent fum of money : who being come thither, craued of larbas King of Nomades
to gine her but fo muchland as fhe could compaffe in with anoxes hide, which with iücf
:ado {ke obtained, and then did cutan Oxes skinne into fmaland narrow thongs or liftes,
Wwherewithall fhee compafled info muchas builded the large citty of earthage, and
Fre ofall was’ called the newe cittye, and the eaftle thereof Byr/a ; which fignifieth a *
ig alee sd doidw lice: 2B 2 : bP ra iG dta
5 asit alforepottethanother flory to the building of this citty namely that it Wis
“called earrhage of one of the Daughters of Hereules; and that when £lifa and the other
“companions of Dide came thither to digge for the foundationofthe citty, they found ah
'Oxes head whereuponthey were difcouraged to build there any mote, fuppofing that
4o Omen betókehed euill'vnto them) anda perpctuall (lauery in labour and mifery, fuchas
€»
-Oxen litie in, but atterward they tryed in another corner of that gtounde, wherein they
foündá Horffes head which they accepted for a good fignification of riches honor,mag-
nanimity,and pleafüre;becaufe Horffes have al food and maintainance prouided for thé. Clemens
Among the Egyptians they paiat a Lyon for ftrength,an Oxe forlabor, anda horfe for
‘Wagnanimity and coragé, & the Image of Myrtha which among the Perfians fignifieth
the Sünne; is pictured iii the face of a Lyon holding the hornes ofa ftriuing Oxeinboth 6,1;
chanids,wlieveby they fignifie that thé Moon doth receiue light fromthe Sunne; when fhe 7
"béginnethito be feperared from hérbeames. Uu | ? eQPLESR
BoM "There isinthe coaftes ‘of Babylon a'gemme Or precious ftone like the hearte of'an
3 so Oxey atid llíéreisanódiet ealled aes, which reprefenteth the &eíhofag Oxe. The Pliny.
'aünciegtes had likewite fore teat Fegarde of this Beaft, that they would neither factifice
poi’ eate-oba labours’ Oxes wherefore Hercules was condemied when he had defiréd 527^" ^
eate of Theodécnan pin, Dyriprá fót his fiungry^comipation the’ Soie of Hyla, be- om
'caufe' by" violence hetooke fzotà fiin ‘ne of his Oxen and flewe him. “A crowned
Oxewas alfoamone che Romanes afigne of peace; forthe Souldior$ which'kept the Ca-
T I file
—— m d
——— Bo a
XT D
=—=
Lhe Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
86
MeofAwathox neere the riuer Euphrates againft Julianus. and his Arm y, whenthey yecl-
Marcellus ded themfelues to mercy,they difcended from the Cafile, driuing before thema crow-
ned Oxe: from this maniiold neceffity and dignity of this beaft came ithe Idolatrous cus
o D Ssflome ofthe Heathens andefpecially the Egytians, for they haue worfhipped him inftead
Idelanry cb. Of God calling him Apz and Epaphus : whole choyfe wason th is fort. He had on his righe
mittedwith fide anexceeding fplendent white Ípot, and his Hornes crooking. togither like the newe
Oxen Moone, hauioga great buach on his tongue, which they call Cantharus: neither do they
x APR ds fuffer him to exceed acertaine number ofyearesor grow very big, for thefe caufesthe
pis. giue him not ofthe water of Nilus to drinke, but ofanother confecrated well, whichhin-
dereth his growth: and alfo when hee is cometo his full age, they kill him,«by drowning
bim in a2other confecrated well of the Price fts: which being donethey feeke with mour-
ning another (hauing fnaued their heades) to fubftitute in his place, wherein they arene-
ucr veryilong but they finde onc, andthen ina holy fhippe facred for that purpofe, they
traüfportand conuey him to Memphis. And the Egyptians did account him a bleffed and
happy man, out of whofe folde the Priefteshad taken thar Oxe-God. He hathtwo Tem-
ples erc&ed for him, whichthey cal his chambers, where he giueth foorth hisaugurifms,
aunfwering none but children and youthes playing befcre his Temples: andrefufing aged
perfons éfpecially Women, andif any noz facred happen to enter into one ofhis Teme
ples, he dieth for ir, and if into the other itfore-fheweth fome monftrous curfled euent,
as they fondly imagine... poh TI *
~The manner of his anfweres is priuately tochem that gine him meat, taking itattheyr
hands, and they obferue with great religion that when Germanicus the Emperour came
to aske cousfellofhim, he turned from him and woulde not take méate at his hande,that
prefently after he was flaine.Onceina yeare they (hew hima Cow; with fuch markes.as he
4 hath, and alway they put him to death vpon the fame day of the weeke that he was founde,
and in Aus neere Memphis there wasa place called Phiala where were preferueda Golden
and a filuer di(b, which vpon the birth or caluing daies of Apés, they threw down into the
tine and thofe dares were fcauen, wherein they affirme tharneuer man was hurt by Cro-
codils. The Egyptians do alfo confecratean Oxe tothe Moone, anda Cowto Vramia: ]tis
reported thar Myeerizus K. of Egypt, fell in loue with his own Daughter : and by violence
PBoraotonut did rauifh her, sheenotable to endurethe confcience of fucha fact; hanged her felfe :
whereuponthe King herimpure father, did bury her ina woodén Oxe, and fo placed her
inafecret place or chamber, to whome daily they offer many odours, but thé mothet of
the maiden did cut off tbe hands of thofe Virginsor women that attended onher Daugh-
Ofthepiàu terand wouldnotrefcueherfromfovilea contempt. There were alfo many other pi&turs
res of Oxen. of Oxen;as in coreyraand Eretria, and moftfamous was that of. Perillus which he madeand
piefentedto Phalaris the Tyraunt of Agrigent, shewing him, that ifhe would tormenta
man, besbould put him into that Oxe fet ouer a fire, and his voice of crying shouldebee
dike the loughing ofa Heighfer, whichthing being heard ofthe Tyraunt to shew hisdete-
flationof more {lrange inuented torments then he had formerly v
A hiftory
$
a hiftory
19
2e
3o
fed, he caufed Perillus 49
that prefented it
vnto bim to be putinto it al
1ue, fo fetting itouer a fire, made experi- ..
Ve
NS SP
VA T.
iC
» y 4,
Ofthemon- King of ercetfellinloue witha Bull,and by th
ter mino-
fanius
ment of the worke vpon the workemau, who
bellowed like a Cow, and was fo tormented
to death for that damnable and d aungerous inuention, which caufed Owidto write thus.
>) sss Et phalaris Tauro vitelentus membra perii
on e s dorrut infalix imbuit author opus.
-Whenan Oxe or a Cow inauntienttime did die of themfelu es,
they Baried him vnder thewals offome Citty, leauing
the cartb, to fienifie the place of his buriall, for
ofa deade cowethey caftinto fome
forme ofa Bull; and they fay that Pa/ehae th
den heifercouered witha cows hide
his Hornes ftickin
when his flesh was confum
itvp againe, and buried the bones in the Temples of Venus in o
ther-places
(Viz :)ifitwerean Oxe,
g vitibly out of
ed, they tooke
: butthe body
fa deade cc grcat River neere adioyning.. The Poets haue fained
. acertaing Monfler called Azzotauru:, hauing in part the forme ofa man, and inpartthe....
e Daughter of the fupne,and wife.of Mises
chelpeof Dedalus (he was includedin a woo-
sand fo had;copulation wichthe bul,fo camethatmon
fter whichzzzzes included in alaborin:h,& conftraind the Athenians who had flainhis fon
Androgensto fend eucry year fcauen young men, and 7. maides to be giuentothatmon-
fet
Of the Oxe
| — ftertoféede vppon, forhee woulde eate mannes flefh. Ac faft7 befeus fonneof gens,
king of Athens came into that laborinth, and flewe that Minotawre, and by the helpe of A-
riadne e{caped out of the laborinch.'-Other relate the ftory in this manner ; that when the
Cretenfians-woulde baue expelled Minos from his kingdome ; hee vowed that whatíoc-
uerlikeneffe firfteappeared out of the fea for figae of vi&otie vnto him, hé vowed facri-
fice it to thegaddesjifhee did enioy his regiment? andthereuppona goodly Bull came
| vtto him out of the fea, wherewithal he was delighted : But after hee had recouered his’
kingdomein quiet; hekepté that Bullis his owne handes and (acrificed another, arid that
;. by thisBull was the Misótaure begotten on his wife Pa/iphae. But the trüeth is, that whea
10 Minos was in daunger toloofe his kingdome; one Zawrus, a valiant Prince and Captaine,
| cite witha Nauieof good fouldiours, and eftablifhed him in quiet. Afterwarde fallin
| in loue with Pa/iphacking Minos wife;-helay with her inthe houfe of Daedalus : which De-
daluswtought with che Queen to giue hinyhis pleafüre;and that the Minotaurewasa mon-
| flerinCreete that had the face of afi Oxe, and the other members likea man, fuch an one
was feenedn Ariffotlestime. Alchough other take it fora fiiion ; becaufe the Romaines
hadit pi@tiredin theirenfignes of warré, vntill Carus Marius altered it to an Eagle,which
| semaineth to this day. Alciatus yeeldeth this reafonwhy the Romans gauefu chan armes,
| to fignifte that fecrecy becommethacaptain;aid that proudand crafty counfels do hurt
the aixhorsofthems ^ .— : *
20 Limine quod caco ob[cura c caligine monffrum;
ds Depittum Romana phalanx inpreliaeeffat —
wore o ^ eNofque monent debere ducem fecreta latere.
Gnofiteis claufit Dadalus in latebris
29 Semitiroquenitent fena fuperba boue :
: Confilia authori cognita techsa notent.
him inthe way and was his guide ; whieh Oxe was bought out of the heards of Pelggon,ha-
wing ini botlihis fidesa white {pot : it muft needs be vaderftood of the moone,for Cadmus
flying by night hauing the moone to (hi&e vpon him (which is hyeroglyphically deciphe-
go red by the Oxe,) gaue him light and dire&ion to another city. It were endles to profecute
. the {eneralHpeeches, prouerbs, allufions, emblems, playes, prizes, hyeroglyphicks, and
deuifes; made vpon Oxen; whereby, not onely men and women, eities regions, and peo-
ple haue taken denomination from Oxen ; butalfo fome of the ftarres in the firmament:
therefore [willnot próceede to thofe deuifes, but onely touche thefacrifices made with
Oxen, and fo conclude this ftory. ie 251it5«
It cannot be denied that the prime inftitution of facrifices was from by and for the or-
dinance of god,to teachthe world to woorthip him in bloud for fin which coulde not be
expiated butby the bloud of the onely immaculate fon and lambe of god; and therefore I
wilbut remember how corruption polluted that ordinance,which was purely without idle
4o cerimonicsinfticuted by the eugrlafting god and yet was by mans inuention made wret-
ched, horrible, and damnable, through abufe of the fa& that otherwife by diuine confti-
tution(as appeares in holy fcripture)was beauenly;honourable, and bleffed. "
» Tobegin therefore with the originall of that heathenifh and paganith factifice,inftead
of godthe only trucand deuine effence,to whomal facrifice and devine worfhip was due,
! Y
and whofe creatures both men, oxen,and all other liuing and vifible thingsare, they offe-
red vnto all the hoafts of heauen,the fun, and ftars,the heathen gods Iupiter, Mars, Miner. .
sa,Pandrifus and others: and ifthe {acrifice were coftly and fumptuous;it was called Heca- -
tombe. Now before their facrifice they made praiers, burnd incenfe, for odors prefented
Prothymes (as they were termed) certaine preparations and cakes made of barley andíalt,
so (called Vlechya. ). After which, the priefte turned him fometimesto the right hand, and
fometimes totheleft,and then began to take the grifile haires growing on the Oxes fore-
head betwixt his horns,making a taft of chem, and cafting them in the fire to begin the fa-
crifice. Then didghe giue into the hands of the people ftanding by, little pots of winelike-
wife,to taite for facrifice, andthen hee which killed the beafte drewe his knife, or axe, or
cleauer, from the headeto the tayle of the beafte. Nowe ineuery facrifice they hadde
I2 - burning
"Hag iste po tted alfo, that when Cada: went from Delphos to Phocis,an Oxe did dire&e:
=
me wp
x
it
A"
a
88
The definiti- -
onand name
The etymo- :
logy ot Vitu- .
lus.
e ceo
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Bea/ts.
burning torches, which were lawfull for none to carry but for men,and not womens then
thepricftcommannded tokillthefacrifice, which fometime they did by knocking bim on.
the head ifthe beaft were to be facrificed to hell, andthofe that weerethercin, for they fa-.
crificeda barren Cowe, ora blacke Sheepe to thofe ghoftes. But if the facrifice were for
heauen,and to the powers thereof, they lifted vp hisheadeand cut his throate : thea put
they vnder him their Sphagian veflelles to receiue his bloud, and when the beait Was falne
downe, they flayed off his skinne. Minos ai : ;
c Then did the Prieft or Flamen deuidethe intals;that fo he might make his augurifme
(thebowelsbeing prouedarthealtar,) Hauing loked into the bowels,they took out of eac-
ry gutte, member and part; a firftfruites, moulded them together in che meale ofgreene ..
wheat corne; then was it giuen tothe Prieft,who put thereunto frankincenfe,herbe mary,
and fire, and fo burned them altogether which was called a perfeét hofte. But if they facti:
"ficed to the gods of thefea, then didthey-firftofall waue the bowels of the beafte in the fea
flouds before it was burned. Thebeft facrifices were farted and whice Oxen or Kine, fuch
ashad neuer been vnder yoake, for the beaft vfed to labour wasaccounted vncleane : they
neuet offered in facrifice one vnder thirty dayes olde, nor ouer fiue yeares by.thelawes of
the Priefts « When the Spartames ouercame their enimies by ftratagem,they facrificed to
Marsan oxe, but when by open force; they facrificeda cocke, for they e(teemed more of
an vnbloudy then a bloudy vidtory. Whenaman facrificed’a Cowe to Minera; he was
bound to facrificea Sheepe andan Oxeto Pagdryfie- ose
When the Locrenfians ina publike ipe&acle woulde make a facrifice, they wantedan
Oxe, for which caufe they gathered together fo many fticks of fmall woode, as made the
image of an Oxe artificially conioyned togither, and fo fetting it on fire burned it for an
10
offering : whereuppon a Lo¢renfian Oxe, was anironicall prouerbe fora facrifice ofno —
weight ot merrite. Itrsalforeported that anHeyfer being brought to thealtar of Miner-
#ato be facrificed did there Calue, wherefore the Priefts would not meddle with her,but
let her goe away free, becaufe Minerua was the goddefle of procreation 5 holding'it an ini-
pious thing to kill that in facrifice which had broughte foorth a young one atthealtar:to
conclude, as Vegetius faith, that ona time Iuftice was fo offended with men becaufe they
imbrewed euery altar with the bloud of Oxen and cattell;that therefore (he lefte the earth,
and retired back againeto dwell among the ftarres : (o will we in this difcoufffe ceafefrom
any further profecution of the morrall or natural defcription of thefe beafts,leauing their
lawtull vfe tothe neceflity of mankinde, and their abufiue idolatrous facrifices to bim that
Jouethall his creatures,and will require at mans hand an account of the lifeand bloude of
brute beaftes. :
OF THE CAT ER:
Calfe, isa young or late enixed Bull or Cow which is called
ofan Oxe. Yet Rabbi Salomon, and Abrabam Efra, expound
Eel, for a Calfe of one yeare old. The Sarazens of that word
calla Calfe Aefel. The Grecians Mofchos, whereof is deriued
Mofehartos, but at this day they call him Afouskari jor Mofcha-
ve. The Italians Vitello the French Veau, the Spaniardes Ter
nera of teneritudo, (i de fyingtendernefie, andfomtimes Be-
zeron and Vezerro,the Germanes Ein Kalb, the Flemmings
| Kalf,and the Latines Vitulus, of the old worde Mitulor, figni-
fying to be wanton,for Calues are exceedingly giuen to {port andwantonnes ; or as other
fuppofe, from the grecke worde Jealous came Vitulis and therefore the Latines doe not
alway take Vitulus fora young or newe-foaled beafte, but fometime for a Cow, as Virgil
Aeclog. : : | |
Ego hane vitulumneforte vecufes.) °
Bis venit dd mulétram binos alit vbere fortis. Depono..
and
30
in Ebrew Egel or Par : and fometimes Ben-bakar, thefonne 4°
so
And thisword (likethe Greeke Mofébos) fignifieth maleandfemale : whereunto by di-
uers authoursboth Greeke and Latine; are added diuers cpichites by way of explication,
both of thecondition, inclination, and vfe of this yong beaft ; calling it wilde, ripe forthe
temples, vnarmed,weake, fucklings,tender,wandring, vnhorned, and fuch like. And be- The epithits
caufe the Poets faine that Jv was turned into a Cow, and that the violet hearb was affigned ^ ^ go
by Jupiter for her meate, they deriue viola, a violet, from Vitula a Calfe, by a kind of gre-
cian imitation. :
- tis alfo certaine that thehonour of this young beaft hath giuen denomination to {ome cere.
Of the Calfe 95
, men,as Pompenins Vitulus and Vit ulus Niger Turamius and Vitellius was deriued from this Men named
Yo
4o
ftemme or theame, although hee werean Emperour. The like may be faide of o/ehosin ** —
Greeke, fignifying a Calfe, for there was one Mofchus a Sophifte thar dranke nothing but
water,and there was another Mo/chus a gramarian of Syracufe,whome Athanens do etb re-
corde was a familiar of 4riffarebus, and alfo of another, a poet of the Bucol:ckes; and this
ferueth to (ewe vs, that che loue out aunceftours bare vnto cattell,appeered in taking vp-
pontliem their names, and were notafhamed in thofe elder times, wherein wifdomeand
inuention was moft pregnable, to glory intheir heards from which they receiued main-
tenance. But to the purpofe, that which is faid ofthe feuerallparts ofan Oxeanda Cowe,
belongethalfo toa Calfe ; for theiranatomy diftereth not, becaufe they are conceiued
and generated by them, and in them : and al fo their birth and other fuch thinges concet-
ning that, muftbe inquired in the difcourfe ofa Cow.
It is reported by an obfcure authour, that if the hoefe ofa Calfe be not abfolued or fi-
nithedin the dammes belly before the time of caluing, it will dye. Andalfo it muftbe ob-
ferued; thatthe fame difeafes which doe infefte and harme an Oxe, do alfo befall Calfes,
to their extreame peril! : butthey areto be cured by the fame forenamed remedies. And |
aboue therefidue, chefe young beafts are trobled with wormes, whichareingenderedby The difeafes
crudity, but their cure is to keepethem fafting till they haue well difgefted dieir meate, ^^ ^,
andthen take lupines halfe fod, and halfe rawe, beaten together, and let theiuicethereof Thecure of’
be powred downe his throate; otherwife,take dry figges and fitches beaten together with wormes
A fecret by
the hcofe.
Santonica , called Lauender cotten, and fo put it downethe Calues throateas aforefaid;ot +. oor
elfe thefatte ofa Calfeand marrubewiththe inice of leckes will certainly kill thefe euels. calus tor tor
It is the manner to régard what Calues you willkeepe, and what you will make ofand kill
either for facrifice as in ancienttime;or private vfe and to marke and name thofe that arc
to bereferüed for breed and labour, according to thefe verfes. deeds
‘molt Poft partum curain vitulos tradutitur omnis
Er quos aut pecori malint fabmittere habendo.
Continuoque notas e nomina gentis imirumt,
Aut aris feruare fecris aut feindere terram [Y Tu
ni Et campum horrente frattis inuertere glebis. Tans
Andall thefe things are to be perfourmed immediatly after their weaning : and then in
the next place you muft regard to geldethe males, which is tobe perfourmed inTune,or
as Magis faith in May orat the fartheftlet thent hotbe'abouea yeare olde, for elfethey _
will grow very deformed and {mall : but if youlibbethem after two yeares olde, they will
4^ n =
10 High 5n 1
' proueftubborneand intra@able jwhercfore itis bétter to gelde them whilethey be yong The libbing
sc
ones, which istobe perfourmednot with any knifeor yron inftrumente, becanfe I&Will oc calues.
draw rich bloud;and indangerthe beaftthoroug h paine, but rather with a clouen reed
orfücképreffingittogether by litle and lide : but ifitbappen that one of ayeare or.twoe
yearesolde beto be libbed, chen you muft vfe afharpe knife, after you haue prefledthe "T.
ftonesinto the coddes, and cut them outat one fttoake,and for ftanching ofthe bloud,let Mniflotle ©
the cod and the ends of the vainesbe feared with an hot iron, and fo the wound is cured fotrons 22119
as fóone asit is made. Bore har! is RT AC Pu varro
o' "Agdtiow tbe tinie for theeffe&ting hereof, is beftinthe waine of the moone, either in
the {pring of autümine s but it is'bood to leaue as thány of the Vainesand nerges ofthe vie“ |»
tile member vntotiched and whole as may be, that fo he may not loofe any condition of |
àmále; except thepower of geieration. And ifthe wound be ouermuch iuen to bleede,
Jay vpon it afhes with the fpurrieof filer jwhichtisapt to fot tes in all green Rom
, 3 an
Sn t(à
EDEN RT
Liz aee AER OM :
e osi S meia ee
LT
E
mee
a er -
Se io eee
J
Palladizs.
fotron.
Collumeha
Var Oe
Foodfor .
Calues
Sacrifices of
Calues,
Phy
Caelius
Lyfephus
A wonder.
Mon fters of
calues;:
The flefh of
calucs
Pliny, .
Ofthemedi
Cines, o)
Theauncients called VZZoria by the name of the Goddeffe Vitula ;bycaufe they facri
ced vnto hir calues, which was termeda Vitulatien : and this was vfuallfor vi&tery and
plenty, as isto bee feeneat large in Giraldus, Matrobius, Nonius, Ouid, and Virgill : but
the heathens had this knowledge, that their Gods wouldnot accept at their hands alame
calfe for a facrifice, although it were broght to the altar,and if the taileofthe calfe did not
partes were {mooth and bald, but the. taile blacke and hayrie : it had alfo feauen feete,
whereof one had three hoofes, this Monfter liueda little while, and was brought forth in
An:1552.the 16. day of May, to the wonder and admiration ofallthem, who either
Butchers are wont to buy calues forto killand fell their eth, forinall creatures, the
flefh ofthe young ones are much better then the elder, becaufe they are moyftand foft,
and therefore wil digeft and conco&te more eafie : and for this caufe Kids, Lambes,,and
Calues;arenot outoffeafonin any timeof the yeare ; andare good from fifteene daies
20
30
totwo triónthes old, being ornamentsto the Tables of great Noble men, which caufed 49
Fieratoinake this Diftichon: adi ;] | ^
cec osten to Afiduos habeant atulum tua prandia invfut |. f Sdoge *
" tui madida C fapidaiuna tepore caro eft.
PK nd principally the Germanes víe the chawtherne, the head, andthe feete, for the be-
pe meales andthe other parts either roafted, or baked,and fometime fod in
broath, and then buttered, fpiced and fauced, and eaten with Onyons. th ata
..; The Medicines arifing from this beaft, are thefamethat come fromotherhis fires be-
fore fpokeioff, and efpecially thé fleth ofa calfe doeth keepe the fleth ofa new wound,
ifitbeapplyédthéreinto) from fwelling, and being fodden itis precious againftthebi- _
tings ofa mians teeth : and.whena mad Doggehath bitten a man or abeaft, they.vfeto 59
Marcellus
pare the wound to the quicke, and hauing fodden veale min gled with the fewetand heele
they lay (ote to the wound, and make the patient drinke ofthe broath: andthe fame
broath is Sdueraigne againft all the bitings of Serpentes. The hornes ofa Calfe.fodde
foft, are good againftall intoxicate, poyfon, and efpecially Hemlock. . The poulderof
[- e !
E 7 ^ ,
E
ete:
28
Aus yy Otho Caci. .....: | 91
3 Calues thigh drunkein Womans Milke, cureth all filthy running vicets, and out of the Plixy
brainé ofa calfethey make an oyntment, to loofen the hardneffe of the belly. The mar-
row fofineth all the ioyntes, driueth away the bunches arifing in the body ; hauing an Nicander
operation to foften, fill, dry and heate.. TakeOyle, Waxe, ruft, and themarrow ofa 5, ji
Calfe, againftall bounches inthe face : and calues marrow withan equll quantity ofwhay, —
Oyle, Rofe-cakeand'an Egge, do foften the hardnefie ofthe cheekes and eye-lids; being: Adarcellus
laied to for a playfter ; and thefame mixed with Cumin, and infufed into the eares, hea-
leth the paines of them ; and alfo eafeth the vlcers in the mouth,
The marrow with the fewet compofed together, curethall vicers and corruptions in.
1o: the fecretsof Men and MVorzen. The fat pounded. with fal, cureth the louzye euill, P linys
and likewife. the vlcerousfores inthe head. The fame mixed withthe fatofaGoofe, and ,, ly
the juycé of Bafill orwildCumyn ; and infufed into the eares; helpeth deafeneffe and cre
paines thereof. The fat taken out of the thigh ofa Calfe, and fod in three porringers of
water and fupped vp, is good for them that haue the flux: and the dung ofa calfe fryed in
apan,layed to the buttocks and fecrets, doth wonderfully cure the bloody flixe: alfo lay-. r jui;
ed tothe raines, prouoketh vrine, and fod with rue;cureth all the inflamations in the feate
ofaman or woman. The fewet ofa calfe with #itve alwageth the fwelling of the.cods,being
applied to them likea plaifter : and the fewet alone, doth curethe pieling of the Nayles. phy.
The liuer with fage leaves cut together, and prefled toaliquor, being drunke, eafeththe
paine in the finall of the belly. The gall mingled with poulder ofa Hartshorne, andthe
~ feede of Marioram; cureth Leprofies and fcurfes, and the gall alone annoynted vpon the
head; driuethaway nites. The melt ofa calfe is good for the melt ofa man and for vicers
in thernouth ; and glew made of hisftones, asthickeas hony,and annoynted vpon thele-
rous place, cureth the fame, if itbe fuffered to dry thereupon. :
With thedung of calues they perfume the places which are hurt with Scorpions, and
the afhesof this durige with vineger , ftayeth bleeding : Marcellus magnifieth itaboue
meafure, for the cure ofthe gout, totake the fime ofa calfe which neuer eate graffe, mix-
ed with lees of vineger,and alfo for the deafeneffe of the eares, (when there is paine with
ab take the vrine ofa Bul; Goate, or calfe,and one third part of vineger well fod together,
39 wichthehetbe Fullenias then put ic into‘a flagon witha finall mouth 5 and ler thenecke of
^ the patientbe perfumedtherewith. ——^——— | atii |
Of the fuppofed Beal : a
C
qd
er ST ead par amu forie ais get
Italy with theOxen which he had, taken from Geryen, Casus drew divers of theminto his
STE 9DJ 10 DOUIO GUT DEIN Hb tnn eee ie a
4
BY ae
|) 2 The Hifforie of Foure-footed Beafts. =
Cauebytheirtailes : butwhen Hercules miffed daily fome of his Cattell, andknewe not.
__, Which way they ftrayed, at]aft hecametothe Denne of Cacus : and feeing all the fteppes :
- ftand forward by reafon the Cattellwere drawnein backeward, he departed; and goin
away, he heardthe loughing of the Oxen for their fellowes, whereby he difcouered the
fraud of Cacws : whereuppon he prefentlyranne and tooke his club sthe monfter being
within his Caue, clofed vp the mouth thereof witha wonderfull great ftone, and fo hid
himfelfefor feare : but Fe-eules went to the toppe ofthe Mountainé and there. digging
downe thefame, vatill he opened the Caue, then leaped in fuddenly and flew the Mon-
fter, andrecouered hig Oxen. =? iow |
^. Butthetruthis, this forged Cacus was a wicked feruant of E#ander, which vfed great
robbery inthe Mountaines, and by reafon ofhis euilllife was called cactus, for Cakosin
Grecke fignifieth euill. He was faidto breath forth fire becaufe he burned vp their corna.
growing inthe fields, and atlaft was betrayed of his owne fifter; for which caufe fhewas
’ deified, andthe Virgins of Peffa made Sacrifice toher: and therefore it fhall be ydleto
profecute this fable any farther (as Albertus Magnus dothy it being likethe fable of Alei-
da , which the Poets faine was a bird of theearth,and being inuincible burned vp al Phry-
... gia and at laft was laine by Mizerua. | UTE EPENON | i
oic LOI HESS CAVE ppt |
- 2: Lthough there be diuers forts of Camels;accordibgto the ??
Bb feuerall Countryes, yetis thename not much varied, but
taken.in the generall fence for the denomination of euery
particular. The Hzbrewes call it Gamal; the Chaldzans
Gamela, and Gamele: The Arabians, Gemmal : Gemel Alnegeb:
Algiazar, The Perfians, Schetor : the Saracens, Shymel; the
Turkes call a company of Camels travailing together, Ca-
ranana.The Italians and Spaniardes cal a Camell Camelloy
the French chameau ; the Germanes Razelrbier , all deriued _
LE — [ofthe Latine Cazelus; andthe Greeke camelos. "The Ilyri- | -
ertemidoros , ans, callitPuelblud: and the reafon ofthe name camelos in Greekcis, becaufe his burden:
s T or load is layed vpon him kneeling or lying, deriued (asit may feeme) ofeampreis Me-
MAN pp rous,the bending ofhisknees and llowneffe of paces wherefore aman ofa flow pace, was
Horns among the Egyptians decipheredby a camell.: Forthatcaufe, there isa Towne in Siria
called Gazgamela thatis, the houfe ofa camell,erected by Darius the Sonne of Hiftafpis, *
allowing a certaine prouifion of food therein for wearied and tyred camels. The epithites
giuen to this beaftare not many among Authors; for Fe js tearmed by them. rough, de-
formedyand thirfting yas Iuwemal[OC 77 0707 ee rwy :
Deformispoterunt immiuania membracameli: |
And Perfius in his fifth Satyre faith; *\ Nudus sita | WA
Tollevecens primus piper ¢fitientecamela. ©. yee "49
There are of them diaers kindesyáccording to theit countries wherein they breed:as in
The Finds of M4, in Arabia, andin Baia: AW thole which aie in India, are faideby Didimys tobe
Ros bred ta the Mountaities ofthe Bactrisni, and haue two bunchés eri their backe, and one
other on heir breaft, whereupon they lean: they Baüe fo mtimés 4 Bore forthéyr fyre,:
which feedeth with the flocks: of fhe*camels i for'as Mules and Horffes will couple toge-
ther in copulation, fo alfo will Bores and camels :3nd thata camellis foingendred fome-
or the name
conceived among them, having two’ bunches oh ‘their backes; whereas the “arabian °%
313511 Ji
^
pe nie Prolomeds Lagi brought two ftraühgethinges Into Egypt, a bácke camel, ahd à inan.
and
Of the Cammell. 93
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COOK PAAR AY han
ROP OCTANE I RE
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OD!
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ee :
we
ANC
NT
94. The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
2s _and to langhat the man : whereupon it grew toa prouerbe, a Camell among the Egypti-
he (euerall : d ©
parts ofa ca-. 4NS,for a matter fearefull atthe firft, and ridiculous at the laft.
mell, The head and necke of this beaft is different in proportion from all others, yet the E-
Pin thyopians hauea beaft called Nabsm,which in his neck refembletha Horfe,and in his hed
a'Camell. They haue not teeth on bothfides, although they want hornes (1 meane both
the Arabian and Bacfriag Camell:) whereof Aristotle difputeth the reafon, in the thirde
Booke of the partes of creatures and fourteenth chapter. Their necks arelong and nim-
ble, whereby the whole body is much relieved; andin their necke toward theneather part
oftheir throte, there isa place called 4ahar, wherein a Camell dootliby fpeare orf{word > 10
Sduaticur, DADO fteafily receiue hismortallor déadly wound. 5d 2-31
^^ His belly is variable, now great; now finall like an Cxes 5 his gall is not difüinguifhed
within him like other beafts, but onely carried in greatveynes, atid-sherefore-ftme baue
thought he had none,and affigned thatas a caufe of bis long life. Betwixthisthighes he
erf — Bathtwovdders, which haue foure fpeanes depending from them like a Cowes. His ge-
Piny, nitalpart is confe&ted, and {tandeth vpon a finnew, infomuch as there of may aftringebe
made, for the bending of the ftrongeftbow. The tayle is like the taile of an Affe;hangeging
down to their knees, they hauekneesin euery leg bauing in their former legs 3. bones,&
inthe hinder foure. They haue an anclelike an Oxes, and very {mall buttockes , forthe
proportion of their great body : their foot is clouen;but fo, thatinthe vnder partithath _
but two Eiffures or cleftes, opening the breacth of a firger, and inthevprer part foure 26
Fiffures or cleftes, opening a little, and kavinga little thing growing in them likeas is in
the foot of a Goote: The foot it felfe is ficfhy like a Beares, and thereforetheyare fhod
with leather when they trauaile, leaft the gauling of their feet caufe them to tyre:
Au‘cenna affix eth, thathe had feene Camels with whole feet, like a Horfles, but their
feet (al.-hough fleshy) are fó tyed together with little lunges, thatthey neuer weare ; and
* their manner of going orpace is likea Lyons, fo walking, as the left foot neuer outgoeth
theright, whereas ail other beafts change the fetting forward of their feet, andleane vp-
. ontheir left feet while they remoue their right 5 but thefe alter ftep after ftep, foas the left
foot behind, followeth the right before; ana the hinder foote followeth the lefte before.
Thofe Camels which are conceiued by Bores are the ftrongeft, and fall not fo quickly in 3
to the myreas other, although hus load be twice {fo heauy. ; :
Camels loue graffe (called Schanmenthiyand efpecially Barley, which they eat vp won-
The food of derfull greedily vntillall be in their ftomach,and then will they chewe thereuponall the i
Camels night long: fo diat the greatne fle of their belly tolodgetheir meatin before conco&ion
is better then the benifite of their vpper teeth, becaufe he can ruminate and chawit fo of-
ten as hepleafeth. There is a certaine heibe, which hath afecdelikea mirtle feed, thatis
Silwaticns | Poyfonto wormes, and this feede is foode for Cammels; wherewith they grew fatte. Itis
therefore called Camell-thorne, and 4fergar inthe Aarabian toung. In the prouince of
‘Aden both Sheepe, Oxen, Horfes,and Camels, eate akinde of fish, and them better be- _
ing drie and ftale, then newand fresh, by reafon the immoderate heat in that region, bur- 49
. neth vp all pafture and fruites : neither is thereany beaft which is fo eafily fedas a Camell.
‘They will not drink of clezre or cleane water; but of muddy and flimie, and therefore they
Their drinke {tamp in it with theit feeze. They will indure thirft for three or foure dayes together, but
E p e be when they come to drink,they fuckinaboue meafure, recompen(ing their former thirft,
and prouiding again{tchat which is to come,and of all kinds the Bac?riams are leaft trobled
with chirft.
They ftale from one fide to another, otherwife then any other beafts doe: this beaftis
very hor by nature, andtherfore wanton and full of fportand wrath ; braying moft fearful-
ly when they areangred. They engender like Elephants and Tigers, that is; the femalely-
ing or fitting oa the ground, which the male imbraceth like other males; and continue in. 59 :
Therpro- copulation awhole day together. When they areto ingender, they goe vntothefecretft
ome’ places they can finde, herein excelling in modefty the ancient Ma//ageres, who were not
| afhamedrolie with their wiues in the open field, and publique view of oneanother, wher
as bruite beafts by inftin& of nature, make the procreation of their kindetobea moft fe-
cret-fnamcefull-honefta&ion.
Paul venet.
Philoftratus
(las,
"
MU 48
Of the Camell. |... 95
At thetimetherefore of their luft;they are moft vnruely and fierce, yeilding to none;
nonotto their owne keepers: the beft time of their copulation is in September, for itv
Arabia, they begintoingender in the third yeare of their age, andfo within ten or eleuert _
moneths after {he is deliwered of young, being neuer aboue one ata time for twins come
not in her greate belly ; fo (he goetha yeare before fhe conceiueagaine, although her
young bc feperated or weaned, before which time they doenot commonly. Vntotheir 5...
former:modefty for their copulation,we may adde another deuinein(tin& and mofttrue C alte
obferaationabout thefame, for the male will neuercouer his mother; or his fifter:wher ped
foreitisfincerely reported, thatwhena certaine Camel-keeper [defirous to trie this fe- oftheir
zo. Cret] having the male, fonne to a female which healfokepte, he fo coueredthe females shee
mother-Camellinallparts of her body éxceptherfecrets;that nothing coulde be feene
of her;andfo brought her luitfull fon to couer her which according to his prefent rage
he perfourmed. As foone as hehad donc it, his maifter and owferpulled away the maske
or difguifefrom the damme, in the prefence ofthefonne, whereby heinftantly perceiued
his keepers fraud; in-:making him vnnaturally to haue copulation with his ove mother. .
Inreuenge whereof he ranne vppon him, andtaking him in his mouth, lifthim vpinto
the ayre; prefently letting him fall withnoife and cry vnderneath his murdringand man-
quelling feete where; with vnappeafable wrath and bloud defiring lyuor,he preffed and
trode to pieces the inceft marriage-caufer, twixt himand his deare(t mothers and yet not
herewith fatisfied, likefomereafonable creature, depriued of heauenly gracé;andcaried — ,
with deadly reuengeagainft fuch vncleannes, being perfwadedthatthe gilt offüchanof- ~ l
fence could neuer receiue füfficient expiation by the death of the firft deuifer,except the M
beguiled party fufferd alfo fom finart of penalty;adiudged himfelfe to death; and nolon-
ger worthy toliue by natures benifite, which had fo PUN the wombe thatfirft concei- | |
ued him 5 and therfore running to and fro,as it were to finde out a hangman for himfelfe, i
at laft founda fteepyrocke, from whence he leaped downe to end liislifesandalthough I
he couldnot preuenthis offence, yet hethouglit it beftto cleanfeaway hismothersadul- |... » M
tery with the facrificeof thatbloud which was firftconceiued in that wombe wherein hee
haddefiled: © > 10 j tttotisibos of ! |
Thefe: camels are kept inheatds andare as fwiftas horfes, according tothe meafureof — Po
39 their ftrength, not onely becaufe of their nimbleneffe, but alfo becaufetheir ftridesand +1. ,,.. s i Le
reach doth gather in more ground:for which caufe they are vfed by the Indians for race, agile of vas i
whenthey gocto fetch the goldewhich is faidto bekept by the Formice Lions, whichare mels |
not much bigger then Foxes: yermany times doe thefe Lions ouertake the camels in H pe Peay
courfe and teare the riders in pieces They hauebene alfo vfed for battell or warre[ by the i "
Arabians inthe Perfian warre : ] but their feareis fo greate of an Horfe, that (as Xenophon E it
faith inthe inftitution of ¢yrus,) when the armies came to ioyne, neither the camel would
aproachto the Horfe, or the horfetothecamells whereupon it is accounted a bafe and
vnprofitablething fora man to nouti(h camels for fight, yetthe Perfiansatterthefightof . -
Cyrásin Lidia, ever nourifhed camels and horfes together; to take away their feare one
4o fromanother. Therfore they are vfedfor carriage which they will perfourme with greate Ofthelabor
facility; being taughte by their keepers to kneelland lie downe to take vp their burthens, ec} uere
which by teafon of their heightaman cannot lay onthem ;alwaiesprouided, that he will filet bas
neuer goe beyond his ordinary lodging ard baiting place, or endure more then his vfuall
burthen ; and it hath beene feen that one of thefe Bacfrian camels;hath carried aboue ten
Minarsofcorne,andabouethat abed with fiue men therein. They will travel in a day a-
boueforty ordinary.miles, foras Pliny faieth, that there was from Thomnato Gaza fixty Play,
and twolodging places for camels, which was in length one thoufand, fiue hundred;thir-
and feauen miles.
They arealfovfed for the ploughin Numidia, and forthis caufe areyoakedfometimes - |
go with horfes , but ‘Heliogabalus likeas the Tartarzans, yoaked them together noton ely for Diaoorus
priuate (pe&acles and playes, butalfo for drawing of wag gons and chariots. When the
defireto haue them free and ftrong for any labor in the field,or war, they vfe to geld both 1 MT
-themale and thefem:le, the manner whereofis in thisforte. The male by taking away E T o
bis {tones, andthe female by fearing her priuie parts within the brimme and laps (nd n d
ES os Bg wi - i
96 The Eiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
witha hotte yon, which being fotakenaway, they canneuer more ioyne in copulation,
and chefeare more patieatin labor and thirlt, and likewife better eadure the extreamitie
of fand iu.thofe parts , hauing this skill ;thatif the mifts of raine or fand, do neuer fo much
Pip. obícurethe way from the rider, yet doeth shee remember the fame without all ftagge-
BMPs: osonug n iis z OF e XV3 |
Ofthevíeof i. Thevtineof this beafleis excellent for the vfe of fullers, ofthe haire called Buber or
estie camels VWVoolkis cloath made for apparrell, (called vamelotta or camels haire, and the
KD Baie. ; baireoftheeafpian-camels ts fofofte,thatit may beetherein compared with the fofteft
«5:5 Milefian Wooll, whereoftheit Princes and prieftes make their garmentes :and itis very. .
“> proable, »thacthe garinentes of Saint Iohn Baptift was of this linde. Inthe cittie of¢a- 1o
l«cia (vi) der the greatebzge and intheprouince of Egrigaia, is cloathe made ofthe haire
Bayie. — ofcamels;anáwhice wool(called Zambilotti) shewing moftglorioutly but the beftofthis
kindarein thelandofGeg and Magog... — | :
Theflehof |. ft isforbiddenin holy Scriptureto eatea Camell, for although it chew the cud, yet
acamellnot . ; , f
tobecaten, isnottheh@ofe altogether clouen :andbefides, the lle(b thereof is harde of difgeftion,
Diodorus and the juycé thereofverye naught, heating the body zboue meafures yet many times
Leo eAffric: haue menofbale condition and minds eaten thereof, as in Arabia,and in the kingdome
bf Fezzen:& Atbeneus afhrmeth,thac the king of Perfiawas wont to hauea whole Camel
solted for his ewne table at his royall feaftings : and HeZegabalus likewife c aufed to bee
0 \preparedforhimfelfe the heeles of Camels, and the fpurs of cockes and Hennes, pulled 45
Lersgridies. alive, and whole Oftsiches and Camels slaying, (though falíelyythat God commaun-
gdedthe lewesto éatthem. Camels milke is wholefome for meat,becaufe itis thinneft of
alLothet,-andbecaufethereofit breedeth feweirobítru&ions, andis good for foftening
i of the belly: forthe uaturall difpofition ofthis beat, it is partly already related, whereb
thefingularvfe thereof may be collected : yet here arecertaine prouerbes and ftories
«hereof, farther exprefliing.their qualities. ee ee |
Ahiftorie - itis difdainefull,anda difcontented creature : whereupon it is fained of the Poets, that
oftheir they befoughe Iupiter to giue them Hornes, with which petition he was fo offended that
arce di hetookefrom them their cares, and therfore in that, thofe are reproued, whichare fo far
Ca —— lowewith other things they want, that they deferue toloofe thethings they haue. Like-
_.. wifethe wantonnes thereofappearetb by the prouerbe of a dauncing Camell, when one
(s. €eketh Vpon him more then his skill will ferue to difcharge): yet hath nor this Beaft beene
‘cout free (rom ignominy, for when the Emperor Ju/linian had founde the Treafon of Arfaces
(nns so the Armenian, he caufed him to ride thoroughthe citty vpona Camell,to be fhamedtor
me fisoffence;although in former times itwasa kind of triumph and honorto be caried vp-
Ses. — (ona GCamell;lead thorougha citty. t'iscbmd |: x:
E Tn the lake of 4/phaltites wherein allthings finke that come init, many Camels and Buls
{wim thorough without daunger. The Arabians facrificea camell tothe vnknowne God,
S AN. ibecaufe camels go into ftrange countries and likewifefacrifice their Virgins before they
acrifices of ah : :
Idolatry -bemaryed;becaufe ofthe chaflity of thisbeaft, and theSagarezzes with greatobferuance, 46
Gyraldus.-. keepe the combatof cainels; in the honour of Minera.
e/Llant.: . . ThefeBeatts are hated of Horffes and Lyons, for when Xerxes trauaild over the riuer
he eae c Chidorus,throughPermia and CreiZona;inthenighttime the Lyons defcended into the
camds. — campe;andtouched no creatures therein; except thecamels, whome they deftroyed for
Herodotus the moft part. -- - is T L
Pb 4, , Acamellwallliue in thefoile wherein be is bred fifty oran hundred yeares, and ifhee
EE Ven \betranflated into any other Nation, he falleth into madneffe, or fcabs, or the gowt;and
oftheirlife then they liuenotaboüethirty yeares.There is akind of grafle that groweth by the high
P/s. waiesinthe countrey of Babylon, thatkillech Camels when theytaft thereof. 9)!
Themedi- "Therearealfomedicinall properties incamels; for byreafonheeisofa hotteanddry |,
39
2o 2
€— M
XS
ines in the
boll’ otca~ temperament, ifa man infe&ed with poyfon be put into the warme belly ofacamell mew-.*
D had ly (laine, itloofeneth the power ofthe poyfon,and giueth ftrength tothe naturall parts.of .
Cardinals Ue body. The fat taken out of the bunch and perfumed, cureth the Hemmorhoids,
Ancenua, and theblood ofa camell fryed, is pretious againtt the bloody flix or any. othérdoofe-
nes of the belly, the braine dryed and drunke with Vineger, helpeththe falling enilb!) The
gall drunke with Hony, helpeth the Quinzy : and if itbe laide to the eye-browes and fore-
head,
M PLA
Of the Dromedary.
head, fod in three cups of thebefthony, it cureth the dimnes of the eyes, and auoydeth
the fleth that groweth inthem:and ifthe hairesofa Camels taile be wounde together
tan Ague. |
The milke of came's newly deliuered of young, helpeth obftru&ions, andall (hortnes
of breath, and isalfo goodagainftthe Dropfie and hardnes of the melt. Alfo whenone 1
hath drunke poyfon,thisisagood Antidote andamendeththe temper ofthebody.The |
fime of Came's dryed to duft with oyle, will crifpe or curlethehaire, and flay bleeding
at the nofe, andthe fame hot, is good againftihe Gout.
1o: Thevrine 1s moft profitable for running fores, there hauebene which haue preferued
| it fiue ycares togetherand vfed it againft hardnes of the belly, wafhing alfo therewithtore
| heads;and ic helpeth one to the fenceoffinelling, ifit be held to the nofe,likewife againft
the Dropfie, the Spleane, and the Ring-worme.
Marcellus
c
!
Of tbe Camell DROMEDARIE,
SP of Sp cnr:
D
| Camellis called ofthe Grecians Dromos, byreafon ofthe n
| . | {wiftnes of hisrace, andalío an Arabian camell,which hath al iM
Bit thin gs common with the former Ba&rian came.Lexcepofirít The defi rip- i il
in the fhape,for fhe hath but one bunch on the back,and ma- tionotaD " Hu
ny Nations, as the Italians, French,Germans and Spaniards, em dera B
vie the word Dromedary,onely without addition; The Grzci- gie ot his »
ans neuername it without the addition ofa camel. Therefore ??"*. b
this isakinde of camellofleffe ftature, but much fwifter; for "
which caufe, itis deriued from running. Itcheweththe cud Didyws, b.
likea Sheepe, and the other camell:the French king had fent Videre: i
wo of thefe, white coloured, and I my felfe haue feeneone of ^ #**"Y- ]
ers,» 7 NN
o», Wet PN:
4o theyareable.to £022 hundred miles in a day, bearinga burthen of 15. hundred waight,
yea fometimestwo thoufand, bending vpon his kneeto take vp his load and rider which
receiued, he rifeth vp againe with great patience, being obedientand ruleahle, yet kick-
ing when his angry, whichis very feldome ; and therefore Terence did fignificantly de-
Ícribea goodfetuant by the name of Dromo, deriued from Dromas a runner :and for the
Ron of the Hiftory of thefe two fortes of camels, I will heere adde the relation and
memorable obfertiations of Iobazzer Leo Afer, in hisninth booke of the defcription of
Affricke, in his owne words following. -
-Camellisa gentle and. pleafaunt-tame beaft,whereof there are plenty in Affrica, A rda iid
efpecially inthe defertesof Lybia, Numidia, and Barbarie : by which the Affricans £o. a6 i),
6 : ‘ : à / et, out of his
5° eftimate their owne wealth, for when they contende who is the richeft Prince or ninth Booke
i:
; tion of Af »
mels, and not fo many thoufand crownes. And he that hath Camels, liueth amonge |
K fetch -
97 |
f:
like a fing, andtyedto theleft arme (Pliny afirmeth) they will deliuer one from a quar- | i |
| !
eS
ia ee
Noble.man amonge them, they fay he was worth or hath fo many thoufande Ca- ofthe deferip d
| H
|
fiicke, ei
them likea Gentleman, becaufehee canathis pleafire traiuaile into the defertes, and 1
IDE echo Xa
Ear res et
"e
oe
-—
MR d
posite
oS Pd
co Wa
24 Mi Ra
Rot IN
E RI S \ ‘) iN 4 :
S= 27) \ XN ^ A
E?- S NBNS |
P ) N N P ] EN x
^ P. = "Ihn // MN N S o>. ; -
m - e i. \ WH )P » Y UN .
S / | WANG 3 a |
eq /) (/ 7 Criss T
(l (| (7 Ar te
2 WO. % D - X :
BO (/i «y \ ij
S | Gi My ) V
: 5 e MUT jte |
© : ih if Le
Hs 2 E EMEN
RN E
DS
EN
sy e
AN
B A
E. \
Y :
VL S.
Ln y rte
Mi) -— 2: RES
Ox
| JS aoi Of the Dromedary. A 299
fetch Marchandize from farre, which the greateft princeor Noble man cannot without ,
them, by reafon ofthe drought of thofe places. And ofthefe kinde of creatures, there E
are to bec feene;in all partes ofthe worlde, both in A/a, Affricke, and Europe, for the ,,
Tartarians, Cordiansa Dalemians, and Turconians v{ethem in Afia, and the Turkith prin- ,,
ccs conuey allthéir cártiiges vpon them in Europe: Likewife doeall the Arabians in Af- ,,
fricke. But it muft beobferued, that the African Camels, are much more woorth then ,,
- the Afian, for they ¢anendure trauaile for fortye and fifty daies togither, with very little ,,
| — orno meat,except fométimes in the euening when they are vnloaded,they goto the hed- ,,
| , @es, thornes, and other greene places,and there eatany fmall thing they meet withall, as 5,
| yo leauesand fuch like, wherewith they remaine fatisfied, whereas the Afians can performe ,,
| nofuchtourney,ex¢ept they bekeptfatand well fed: and it hath beene proued by good ,,
| experience, that one ofthe Affricans hath trauailed fifty daies without meat, firft wearing ,,
| ' away thefat in their butchy backe, thenabout their skinne and breaft, and laftly about ,,
| their ribbes, neuer giting ouer till it was not able to beare one hundred waight. E
But the A fians, muftalway carry prouender to fuftaine their beaftes, neuertr auailing ,,
but they haue one carüellloaden with meat, for the other loaden with carriage, andfo in- ,, ..-
Li ‘ E NN ; n |
durea double charge: atid when the Affricans go to any Martes or fayres beingto returne 5, d
emptie and vnloaded; they take no thought for their Camels food. Of thefe camels there 5,
be threekindes, one of them called Augiwn, (being broadand tall) and therefore apt to
20 beare patkes and burthens, but fot before they be foure yeare olde, and after their ordi-
| nary loade, is one thoufand waight of ftalian meafure, being taught by the jerking of a
{mallrod, onthe breftand knees, to lie dowae.for their burtheas andafterwardto rife vp
againe.And the Affricans do vfe to geld their camels, referuing but one male forthe co-
uering of tenfemales. ; VANS rdg =, i | |
| 1 Anotherkind of their camels they cal Bechetos, fuch as hauetwo bunches, one for bur- / . il li
|^, thenjandtheotlerfora man to ridevppon : andthe third fort are called Ragzahil, which | |
13.1 IUE
25€
WS
are of lower ftature and leaner bodies then therefidue, ynfitforbarthen, and therefore
are ved for the faddle, by allthe Noble men of Numidia, Arabia, and Libia:beingableto ,,' |
| runnean hundred miles a day, and performing; long iou rneyes;with little or no prouen- SE SM al
730 der: forthe’ King of Tombuto being to fend. to Dara, or Selmeffa, (whichis diftant from qo eRe a
his court, nine hundred miles) his meffenger performeth it vpon one ofthefe Ragnahils, j, |
within the {pace of eight dayes. | =f a Vi
Inthe beginning of the fpringe they are moft frolickeand vnruely, becaufe then they
| incline to generation: at which time, they rage and fall vpon many that come vntothem,
and efpecially thofe from whome they hàue receiued blowes, remembring at that time, )
and requiting their former iniuries, vppon fuchas wronged them, whome if they can H
take in ther mouth, they lift them vp into theayre, and then caft them downe againevn- i
der their feet, and tread vpon them, in which diftemperd v enerous fury they remain for- I |
daiesi 5; |
They can eafily endure thirft, fiue, nine, or fifteene daies,in neceffity ; neither wiltheir
keeper gine them drinkeat three daiesthirít, for feareto harme them.Asthefe camels are
plefant& profitable, foalfo they feem.to patticipate with the nature of mi;for they being
wearied,.no{pur.or ftroke can make them haften to their iourneyes end,the rforein Ethy-
opiaand Barbary, they fing certaine fongs behind the Beaft, which fo reuiuet heir decai-
ed fprits,thiat they fet forward fo faft,forgetting their tyred lims, to their iourneyes end,
that their keepers can hardly fellow. cro i |
Ihauealfo feene in A/car,a camell, that could dance at the found ofa Timbrell, being ,, ...- ; M
thereunto taught when he was young by this meanes 5 firft he was brought intoaroome jj... cu
likea fable the pauement wherof was made hotby a fire vnderdeath it,and without doors LR
go ftooda mufitianplaying on his timbrell, the camell notfor loue ofthe mufick, but for the VERUM
heat vnder his feete, lifted vp firft one foot, and then another, as they doe which daunce, Ur D
and fo the heat increafing, helikewife didlift vp fafter, whereunto he was accuftomed for Ur | | |
the {pace often moneths, at euery time one houre anda halfe, during which time the tim- | Wa) RII
brell (till founded;fo thar at laft, víe framed natureto fucha ftraine,that he hearing a tim- Wi EMI
brell, hein(tantly remembred the fire that was wont to punith his feet, andfo prefently d HL
wouldleap to and ftolike a dancer in publickfpecta cle,to the admiration ofall bcholders. ?? |
: K 2 Thus n ¥ V
| |
| 4o
aa.
Scription,
IOI
ZB
Tih
U7,
Mh
Oo
oO
Wy,
wy
Spy
Uf
“LLY )
"
(/
SS
//,
7,
Sh
i
@
S
N
SS
kt M
< RG —
Sd
e
Pe.
S
WE
SSSSSSNW
ENS
|
|
22727277
mus
J
ORT
His beattis called’ in Hebrew Zamer. Deut, 14. which the
Arabians tranflate Saraphah, and fometime Gyrapha,Gyraffa,
he and Zirafa,the Chaldzans Deba, and Aza, the Perfians Se-
fthe name
raphah , and the Septuagint Grocians ,. Camelopardaliss
which word isalfo retained by the Latines, whereunto l-
bertus addeth Oraflus,and Orafius. The Ethy opians cal it 2V4-
bin, from whence commeth A4sabula, and Paufanias traníla-
tethitan Indian Sheepe, fo indeed
fhed a wild Sheepe.
luli. Capital .
Pliny,
‘A Hiftory. -
YVidorus
Anabula may beEngli-
| Therewere tenne of thefe feene at Rome, inthe daies of
Gordianus the Emperor, and before that time, C«/ar being Di@atour. And fuchan one
was fent by the Sultan of Babilon tothe Emperor Fredericke,fo that itis without quefti-
onthat there is fuch a beaft, which is en
ther as Horace faith :
The geters-
tion and dc-
gendred ofa Camell and a female Zibard, or Pan-
Diuer[um confufa genus pathera camelo. ot zi igni
Butthefame which the Latines call Pantherathe Grecians call Pardalis. The head
thereof isliketoa camels, thenecke toa Horffes, the body toa Harts; and his clouen
Hoofe is the fame with a cammels :the colour of this Beafte is for the moft parte Red
and white mixed together, therefore very beautifull to behold, by reafon ofthe variable
and
J
NN
MON
Jm PER
a
rom
nuni
xU
A
v»)
S
WAS
T
.
Lj
AS
x
Of the Camelopardal. TOI
and interchangeable skinne, being full of fpottes : but yetthey arenot alway of one co-
lour. He hath twolitle hornes growing on his head ofthe colour of-yron,his eiesrowling Leo Afric:
and frowing, his mouth bucfmall like a Harts, his toung is nerethrée foot long, and with Opps.
that he willfofpeedily gather in his meate; that the eies of a man will fale to behold his Heliodorus.
haft,and his necke diuerily coloured, is fitteene footelong, which he holdeth vp higher
thena Camels, and far aboue the proportion of his other parts. His forfecte are much
longer then his hinder, and therefore hisbacke declinech towards his buttocks, whiehare No
very likean affes. The pace of this beaft differeth from all other inthe world, for he doth ner of going.
not mouehisiright and leftfoote one after another, but both together and fo likewife the
10 other, whereby his wholebody isremoucd ateuery ftep or ftraine. :
Thefe beattes are plentifull in Ethiopia, India, and the Georgian region, which was __ ,
once called Media. Likewifein the prouince of Abafia itv India, it is called Surnofa, and Mdb
in Abafra Surnappa,and che latter picture here fet down,was truely taken by Melchior Luo- thele beats”
rigus ac Conftantinople, in the yeirc of faluation 1 559. By che fight of one of thefe,fent
tothe great Turkefora prefent: which picture and difcription, was afcerwarde fent iato
Germany, and was imptinted at Norimberge. It isa folitary bea'teand keepethialroge- — . |
ther in woodes, if itbe not taken when it is young :they are very tra&tableand eafte to be bar
handled, fo that a childe may leade them wich a (mallline or cordabout their heade, and on and mild~
when any cometo feethem, they willingly and of their owne accorde, turne themfelues «Ae.
4o roundas it were of purpofeto fhewe their foft haires, and beautifull coulour, being asit
were proud to rauiih the eies of the beholders, !
The skinne is of great priceand eftimation among merchants and princes, and it is P rsib
{aid that vnderneth his belly, the coulourable {pots are wrought in fafhion of afilhers net, :
and the whole bodie foadmirably intercouloured with variety, that it is in vainefor the
| witteor art of man, once to goabout or endeauour the zemulous imitation thereof. The
taile of this beafteis like thetaile ofan Affe, and I cannot iudge chat it is either {wifte for
pace, ot {trong for labour, and therefore welltearmeda wilde Sheepe, becaufe the fie(h
hereofis good for meat, and wasallowed to the Iewes by God himfelfe for acleane beaft.
4. OF THE ALLOCAMELVS.
| XE b-
49 S E J
De ZZ 7
e Dy ia ~
39 3 j S
o pos a
K. 3 Bealiger
ee
a ee ES oe
E gyn
ESS
=
wa seem
redde
=
=
Pus 1
i
oe ant IRE
cr capuc eh eee E 23 — Rd
3i
- Lgs
NRE oe OT ee
=e
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafte.
. Caliger afirmeth, thatinthe land of the Giants ther is a beaft which
hath the heade, necke, andeares, of aMule, butthebody of a Ca-
mell; wherefore it is probable, that itis:conceiued by a Camell and
a Mule: the picture whereof is before fette downesas it was taken
from the fightof thebeaft, and imprinted with a difcription at Mid-
dleborough in the y eare 15 5 8. which was neuer before feenin Ger-
Reo [RÀ Many, nor yet fpokenofby Pliny. 2 cl
3 AW S. They faid thatit was an Indian Sheepe, out ofthe region of Peru,
andío wasbroughtto Antwerpe, fixe thoufand miles diftant from that nation. It wasa-
bout two yardes high, and fiuefoote in length, the neckwasas white asany Swan: theco-
"our of his other parts was y ellowi(h, andhis feet-like an Oftrige-Camels: and although
at werea male, yerit did render his vrine backward: it was afterwardg giuento the Empe-
rour by Theodorie News, a citizen of the nether Colen.It wasatuoft gentle and meek beaft
likethe Camelopardall, notpaft foure yeare olde: wherefore: { thought good to expreffe it
cinthis place; becaufe of the fimilirude it hath with the manners of the fourmer beafte,al
though it want hornesand differ in fome other members. |
“Of another Boalt called (Campe.
am 1?! thorough the defertand dry places, annoyed with diuers wild beafts, hecame
Le to Zazbirraa citty of Lybia, where he flewe abeaft bred in thofe partes called
deo» mus Campe , which had before that time deftroyed many men,which aétion did pur-
- chafe him among the inhabitantesa neuer dying fame;andthartherefore there might re-
“maine a continuall remembrance to all pofterity ofthat fa@, heraifed vp there a monu-
“ment oftheflaine beaft ro ftand for euermore.
Cy Fo! PEER «(G-A'T.
brewes Catull, and Schagar, and Sebunara ; of the Grecians
Aeluros,and Kattes, and Katis, of the Saracens, Katt, the
Italians Gatta,and Gotto. The Spaniards, Gataand Gato, the
French, Chat; the Getmanes, Katz; the Illyrians, Kozka3
and Furioz., (which is vfed for a Cat by Albertus Magnus)
and I conie&ure, to beeither the Perfian,or the Arabian
worde. The Latines call it Feles, and: fometimes Murile-
gus,and Mufio, becaufe it catcheth Myfe, but moft com-
monly Catws, which is deriuedof Cautus, fignifying wary :
Of che name
Catis a familiar and well knowne beaft, called of the He-
To
39
Ouid faith, that when the Gyantes warred with the Goddes,the Goddesput vpon them 4o
Thenature the fhapes of Beafts, and the fifter of Apollo lay fora fpy in the likenes ofa cat, for a cat.
ayaa isa watchful] and waryebeaftfildomeouertaken and moft atrendaunt to her fport and
prey ; according to that obferuation of Mantuan:
Co Non fecus ae muri catus, ille,inuadere pernam,
ito Nutitur, bic rimas oculis obferuat acutis, LS
Their víes-. And for this caufe didthe Egyptians place them for hallowed Beafts, and kept them in
rn da P- their Temples, although they alledged the vfeoftheir skinnes for the couer of fhieldes,
p which was but an vnreafonable thift, for the foftneffe ofa cats skinne is not fitto defend or
beare a blow: Ttisknowne alfo, that it was capitallamong them, to killan Z/z, an Afpe,a
Crocodill, à Dogge;ora Cat:infomuchas, thatin the daies of A arti. whena 50
Ahifterie. peace was lately made betwixt the Romaines and the Egyptians;and the Roman Ambaf
Celis fadors remaining ftillin Egypt; it forcuned thara Romane vawareskilleda cat, which be-
ing by the multitude ofthe Egyptians efpied, they prefently fell vpon the Ambaffadors
houfe, toraze downe the fame, except the offender might be deliuered vnto them, to
futfer death: fo thatneither the honour oftheRoman name, ner theneceffity of pe
| coul
Jodorus Siculus maketh relation, that when Diezifeus with his Army trauailed 20 |
|
--—
X
L
20
pao
40
$c
- ing the beaft to the Tem-
Of the (at.
coulde haue" reftrained
them from that fury; had -
nottheKing himfelfe &
his greateft Lords come
in perfon not fo much to -
deliuer the Roman Cat-
murderer, as to fauegard
him from the peoples vio
lencesand not onely the
Egyptians were fooles in
this kind, but the Arabi-—
ansalfo, who worthipped
acatfora God;and when
thecat dyed, they mour- ©
ned as much for her, as’
for the father of the fami
ly, fhauing the hairfrom | ~
their eye-lids, and carry-
ni /
ple, where the Priefts fal- i Hf! Ms
ted it and gaue ita‘ holy ' ai Jah |
hi
IM TIR M i
funerall in Babastum : a ey I
(which wasaburying plaf ^ E HAE as
í ~ BNA 2 f e.
for cattesneet the Altar) — WW e EX
E: . SNC ee | NCCSSSEI
wherinmay appearetoal |, PN WC 7 EE
y app ATH NN \G ^/ftiyus SS
men, in what miferable ^ ANN
blindneffe thewifeftmen ^ 23
of the world, (forfaking, f&
or depriued of the true
knowledge of God are, )
more then captiuated, fo
that their wretched eftate
cannot better bee expref-
fedthen by the words of
S. Paule,Vhen they thoght
to be wifesthey becam fools.
NI NS:
S77
this diftichon:
Mautilt hec domina mittere dona pudens.
HT |
NM )
"A
yj
j
Pannonicas nobis nunquam dedit umbria cattas,
102
NUM ^ aM /
RR ]
H:
"
h
U
"i
i
a
id
.. Once cattes were all wilde, butafterward they retyred to houfes, wberefore there are Lor - "i
plenty of them in all countries : Marzia// in an Epigram, celebrated a Pannonia cat with ing of Cattes
and their
countreys,
The Spanith blacke cats are of moft price among the Germaines, becaufe they are nim-
bleft, and hauethe fofteft haire fit for garment.
_ The bel cats
A catis in all partes ikea Lyoneffe, (except inher fharpe cares) wherefore the Poets _
faine,cha: when Venus had turned a cat iato a beautifull woman (calling her 4eluros) who ~
forgetting her good turne, contended with the goddeffe for beauty:in indignation wher-
of, fhererurned her to her firft nature, one making her outward fhape to refemblea ly-
I
on, which is not altogither idle, but may a
noni(h the wifeft that faire & foulesmenand
beafts, hold nothing by their owne worth and benefit, but by the vertue of their creator:
Wherefore ifat any time they rife againftcheir maker, let them Jooke to loofe their ho-
nourand dignity ia their beftpart,and to returne to bafenes and inglorious contempt,out
of whichthey were firfttaken and howfoeuer their outwarde (hape and condition pleafe |.
them, yet at the beft they are but beafts that peri(h, for che Lyons fuffer hunger.
Cars are of diuers colours, but for the mo(t part gryfeld, like to congealed yfe,which ¢.
commeth fromthe condition ofher meate: her headis like vnto the head ofa Lyon, |
except »
are SS
aap ernest ma Re Tt
ME inn ime toy timet ET ec
104.
Of the feue.
ral parts.
Gilliws.
Pliny.
The game &
food of cats,
A fecret.
€
T EE
Of theirloue
and hatred
SERO
Lhe Eiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
except inher fharpe cares: her fle fh is foft and fimooth: her eies glifter aboue meafüre
cfhecialy when a ma commeth tofeea cat on the fudden,andin the night,they can hardly.
be endured, for their flaming afpect. WV herfor Democritus defcribing the perfran finaradge
faith that itis not tranfparent,but filleththe eie with pleaf Atbrightnes,fuch asis in the eies
of Panthers and cats, forthey caít forth beames in the fhaddowand darkenes, but inthe
funfhinethey haue no fuch clearnes,and thereof Alexander Aphrodife giiech chis reafon,
both for the fight of Cattes and of Battes,that they hauc by naturea moft{harpe fpiritof '
fecing.
[e * , - ;
Albertus compareth their cye-fight to carbuncles ín darke places, becaufe in the night,
they can fee perfeály tolill Rattesand Myce: the root ofthe herbe alerizz (commonly ,
called Phx) is very liketothe eyeofa Cat, an d wherefouer it groweth, if cats come ther-
vnto, they inftantly dig it vp, for the loue thereof, as I my felfe haue feenein mine owne
Garden, and not once onely, but often, euen then whenasI had caufed it to bee hedged
or compafled round about with thornes, for it fmelleth marueilous like toa cat.
The Egyptians haue obferued in the eies ofa cat, the encreafe ofthe Moone-light,for
with the Moone they shine more fully at the ful;and more dimly in thechangeand wain;
and the male cat-doth alfo vary his eyes with the Sunne; for when the funnearifeth, the
apple of his cieis long ; toward noone it isround, and at the euening itcannor befeene at.
all ,butthe whole eie sheweth alike, "
The tongue ofa cat is very attraétiue, and forcible likea file,attenuating by licking the »
flesh ofa man, for which caufe, when she is come neereto the blood fo that her own fj pit-
tlebe niingledtherewith, she fallethmad. Herteetharelikea faw, and ifthe long haires
growing about her mouth (which fome call Grazons)be cut away, she loofeth hir corage.
Her nailes sheathed like the ailes of a Lyon, ftriking with her forefeete, both Dogs and
other things, asaman doth with his hand. ; |
This beaftis woonderfull nimble, fetting vpon her prey likea Lyon, by leaping :and
therefore she hunteth both rats, all kind of Myce,& Birds, eating not onely them,butal-
fo fish, wherewithall she is beft pleafed. Hauing taken a Moufe, she firft playeth with it,and
then deuotcth it, but her watchfull eye is moft {trange to fee wich what paceandíoft fteps,
she taketh birds and flies ; and her nature is to hide her own dung or excrements, for she
knoweth that the fauour and prefence thereof, will driue away her fport, the little Moule :
being able by that ftoole, to {mell he prefence of hir mortal foe. |
Tokeepe Cats from hunting of Hens,they ve to tie a litle wild rew vnder their wings,
andfo likewife from Doue-coates, if they fet it in the windowes, they darenot approach
vntoitforfomefecretin nature. Some haue faid that cats will fight with Serpentes, and
Toads, and kill them, and perceiuing that fheis hurt by them; fhe prefently drinketh wa-
ter andis cured : but I cannot confent vnto this opinion:it being rather true ofthe VVea-
fell as (halbe afterward declared. Pomzettws sheweth by experience that cats and Serpents
loueone another, for there was (fayth he) in a certain Monaftery , a Cat norished by the
Monkes, and fuddenly the moft parts of the Monkes which vfed to play with the Car fell »
ficke : whereof the Phyfitians could find no caufe, but fome fecret poyfon, and al ofthem
were aflured that they neuer tafted any :atthe laft apoore laboring man came vnto them,
‘affirming that hefaw the Abbey-cat playing with a Serpent, which the Phyfitians vnder-
flanding, prefently conceiued thatthe Serpent had emptied fome of herpoyfonvppon:
the cat, whith brought the fame to the Monkes, and they by ftroking and handeling the
cat, were infe&ted therewith ; and whereas there remained one difficulty, namely, howit
came to páfle, the cat her felfe was not poifoned thereby, it was refolued,that forafinuch
as the Serpentes poifon came fromhim but in playeand fporte, and notin malice and
wrath, thattherefore the venom thereof being loftin play,neither harmed the Cat atal,
nor much endaungered the Mankes: and the very likeis obferued of mycethat will play Pe
with Serpents. Es
Cats will alfo hunt Apes, and follow them to the woods, for in Egypt certaine Cattes
fetvponan Ape,wbo prefently tookehimfelfe tohis heeles and climed vp into a tree; af-
ter when the cattes followed with thefame celerity and agility : (for they can faften their
clawes to the barke and runne vp very fpeedily : ) the Ape feeing himfelfe.ouermatched
Of the Cat. 105 | | | li
with number of his aduerfaries, leaped: from branch tobraunch, and atlaft tooke hold of Wh
| ^ thetop ofa bough, whereupon he did hang fo ingenioutly, that the Cats durft notap- - i
| — proch vnto him for feare of falling, and fo departed. ui
| The nature of this Beaft is, o loue the place of hér breeding, neither will (he tarry in The loue of Hr
|. any ftrangeplace, although carried very farre, being neuer willing to forfakethe boue, ocu
! forthe loue of any man, and moft contrary tothe nature ofa Dogge;who willtrauailea- —
| broad with his maifter ; and although their maifters forfake their houfes, yet: will not |
thefe Beaftes beare them company, and being carried, forth in-clofe baskets or fackes, li
;.: they will yet returneagaine or loofe themfelues. A Cat is much deligbtedto play with A
| ro hirimage ina glaffe, and ifatany ume fhe behold it in water, prefently the leapeth down pam
| into the water which naturally fhe doth abhorre, but if fhebe not quickly pulledforth h ni
| and diyed(he dieth thereof, becaufe fheis impatient ofal wre. Thofe which will keepe 4erts. mi
their Catteswithin doores, and from hunting Birds abroad, mutt cut off their eares; for. Bway to 1 IN
M Se wes
E
-
du LTH Be make Cats M
they carinot endure to haue drops’of raibe dittil intothem and therforekeep thenifelues keepe home. i
| iti harbor. Nothing is iore contrary tothe nature of a Cat,thenis wet and watersand.for
) this caufe came the Prowerbe that they loué not to wet their feet; Iris aneate and cleane- | t
ly creatine, Oftentimes licking hir own body to keepe it {moothand faire, hauing natu- li
rally a flexible backe for this purpofe,. and. wathing hir facewith., her fore feet :butíome iae n 1
—. ebferue;thatifíhe put-her feete beyond the crowne ofher head;that it isaprefageof — . & |
| 49 raine;audifthebackcofa catbe thiune,the beaft is of no; courage or value. They loue T i
fire and warme places, wheteby it fallesh óutchat they often burne their coates. They de- "tl
fire to lie {oft, and in the time of their luft(commonly called cat-wralling) they are wilde Theircopu- |
and fierce; efpecially the males, whoe at that time (except they be gelded) will not keepe laches i
the houfe :at which timethey hauc a pecüliar direfull voyce. The maner of their copula- »
tion is this; the Female lyeth downeand the Male ftandeth,and their females are-aboue i
meafuredefirous of procreation, fór which caufe they prouoke the male, andifbeyeeld 5,7,
notto their lu(t they beate and clawhim, but itis onely for loue of young and norfor luft:
i the meale is moft libidinous, and therefore feeing the female will neuer more engender | j
with him, during thetimehir young ones fucke, hee killeth and eateth themif he meet me
36 with them, (to prouoke the female to copulation with him againe, for when fhe is depri- jiu, EE
ued of her young. fhe feeketh out the male ofher own accord, ) for which the female moft M
wartly keepeth them from his fight. During the time of copulation, the female continu- ba PONE
ally cryeth, whereof the Writers giuea double caufe 5 one, becaufe (he is pinched with 0. M
thetalants or clawes ofthe male inthetime of his luftfullrage, and thother, becaufe his ^ » |
feed is fo fiery whot, that it almoftburneth the females place of conception. Whenthey b
haue litered oras we commonly fay kittened, they rage againft Dogges, and will fuffer |
none to come neere their young ones. The beft to keep are fuchas arelittered in March, open - il
| they go with young fifty daies, and the females liue not aboue fixe or feuen yeares, the Dis pee li f
| males liue longer efpecially if they be gelt or libbed: thereafon of their fhort life is their T |
4o rauching of meate which corrupteth within them. | | lir EST
"They cannot abide the fauour of oyntments but fall madde thereby ;they are fome- Gilins CO ME
| times infe&ed with the falling euill, but are cured with Gobsum. It is needeleffeto fpend Calms m ! i
any time about herlouing nature to man, how: the flattereth by rubbing her.skinnea- 2^ Voy dpa Eu.
gainft ones Legges, how (he whurleth with her voyce, hauingas many tunes as turnes,y ag XE "n
for (he hath onevoiceto beg and to complain;another to teftifie her delight & pleafure,
anotheramong hirownkind by flattring, by hiffing, by puffing,by fpitting, infomuchas
fome haue thought thatthey haue a peculiar intelligible language among themfelues. . |
Therefore how fhebeggeth, playeth, leapeth, looketh, catcheth, toffeth withherfoote, UU
rifeth vpto ftrings held ouer her head, fometime creeping, fometimes lying onthe back, UM
so playing with one foot,fomtime on the bely,{natching,now withmouth,& anon with foot, mn
=
Ga aie Uo que Fata zs a pr a gt ES
te Ue ae
COT UP TREE ME
x
Sees
ae
x aR
Ie Fr m c
aprehending greedily any thing fauethehand ofa man with divers {uch geftical actions, Hd
it is enhlefic to ftand vpon ; infomuchas Ceelius was wontto fay, that being free from The hurethat n
his Studies and more vrgent waighty affaires, he was not afhamed to play and {port him- commer by. ULM |
felfe with his Cat, and verily it may well be calledan idle mans paftime. . As thisbeaft ty ofacat., EM |
hath beene familiarly nourifhed of many, fo haue they payed deare for their lóug teing i : | |
jM. requited
106 The Hiflorie.of Foure-footed Beafts. P.
requited withtheloffe of their health, and fometime of their life^for their friendthip:
and worthily becaufe they which loue any beaftsin a high mefüre;hàue fo much the leffe :
charity vnto man. ons criifsl io 2551101 mit or d2019
Therefore it maft be confidered what harmes and perils come vito menby this béáft.
Itis moftcertaine thatthe breathand fauour of cats confume.the radicallhumour and;
deftroy the lutigs; and therefore they which: keepe their cats: with themit: their-bieds?
Alexsbenidc}, havetheaire corrupted andfallinto feuer hectickes and confumptions.. Eheresd cer«j
tainecompany off Monkes much giaento nourith and. play: wich: Catres;wheteby they:
were fo infeed, that within a fhorv'fpace none óf them were able either to fay, readej1 ro
pray, or fing, inallthe.monaftery 5 and. therefore alfo: they: ate: dangérous:in the tiin&! «»
ofpeftilence, for they'are notonely:apt to: bring home venomousinfedtion;-butto poye:
fona man with very looking vponhinrs wherefore there isin fome mena natürall di(like:
sos and abhorring of cats,theirnatures being fo compofed, that not onely whensthey: feds -
them, but being neére them and vnfeene, and hid of purpofe, they fall into:paffions, freti:
ting, fweating, pulling off their hats, and trembling fearcfully;:as I haue knowne manyi
in Germany, the realoh whereof is, becaufe the conftellatton which threatnetl their bo:
. ,, dies whichis peculiar to enery man,worketh by the:prefence and: offence: of thefe. crea-
5. tures'!and therefore they haue cryedioutto takeaway the Cats: 10 | sland sida e veg
2 Thehkemay befayd ofthe flesh of cats, which can fildomebefreefrom poyfon, by. |
reafotioftheir daily faode eating Rats and Mice, VVrens and otherbirdswhichfeedeón £g |
poyfon, and aboue allthebrame ofa:catis moft venomous, fori being aboue meafure
Tenet dry. ftoppeth the animall fpirits, that they catinot paffe into the ventricle; by/reafon
eAlexarlers whereof memory faileth, and the infected perfon fallet into aphrenzy. ‘The cure wher-
ofmay he this, take of the Water of fweete Marioram with 7ezra: lemnia che waite of a
groate mingled together, and drinke ittwice in amonth, putting good {tore of fpicesin-
>. toall your meate to recreate the fpirits withall, let:him drinke pure VVine; wherein put
the feede of Diamofchu, Butacat dothas much hatme with her-venemous teeth; there-
foreto cureher bitirig, they prefcribea good diet, fometime: taking Hony,, turpentine;
and Oyle of Rofes melt together aud laied tothe wound with Centory : fometime they |
> wafhthewound withthe vrine ofa man,and lay to it thebrainés of fome otherbeaftand 39 |
- pure wine mingled bothtogether. | sdasta
Abynzoar.
Of cats fleth
The haire alfo of a cat being eaten vnawares, ftoppeth the artery and caufethfuffo cati-
Mathes on and Lhaue heard thatwhen a child hath gotten the haire ofa cat into his mouth; it
hath fo clouen & ftucketo the place that it could not be gotten off again;and hath in that
place bred either the wens or the kings cuill : to conclude this point it appeareththat this
‘is a dangerous beaft; & that therfore as for neceflity we are conftrained to nourifh them
for the fuppreffing of {mall vermine :fo with a wary and diícret eie we muft auoydethejr
harmes, making moréaccount of their vfe then oftheir perfons. |. iu ORY
In Spaine and Gallia Narbon, they eate cats, but firft ofal takeaway their headatid taile,
and hang the prepared flefha night or two in theopen cold aire, to-exhale the fauour 4o
and poyfon from it, finding the flefh thereofto be almoftas fweete asa Cony.. Jemuft —
'» ‘needes be an vncleane and impurebeaft that liueth onely vpon verminand by rauening,
Perettus. ^. for itis commonly faid ofa man when he neezeth, that he hath eatenwith Cats :likewife |
thefamiliars of Witches do moftordinarily appeare in the fbape ofcats; whichisan ar-
gument that this beaft is dangerous infoule & body. Itis faid that if bread bemadewher-
inthe dung ofcats is mixed, it wildriueaway Ratsand Mice. But weconcludetheftory of
this beaft with the medicinal ob feruations,and tary no longer in the breath offucha crea-
ture compounded of good and euil.It is reported that the fleth of cats falted & fweetned
- hath power init to draw wens fromthe body, & being warmed to cure the Hemorrhoids
and paines in the raines and backe,according to the verfe of urfigus: go
Et lumbus lumbis preftat ade[us opem. |
Galenus. Aylfius prefcribeth a fat cat fod forthe gout, firkt taking the fat,and annoyntíng there-
The medici~ wich the ficke part,and then wetting Wooll or Toweinthefame, and binding ittothe of-
allvertues . s
ofacat, fended place. | wo
Forthe paine and blindneffe in the eye, by reafon ofany skinmes, VVebs, onstage,
this
ro
Of the Wildc-Cat. ! | 107
this is an approued medicine, Take the head of a blacke Cat, which hathnota fpot
ofanother colour in it; and burne it to pouder inan earthen pot leaded or glazed with.
in, thentakethis poulder and through aquill blow it thrice aday into thy eie, aud ifin
the night time any heate dothereby annoy thee, take two leaues ofan Oke wet.in cold,
waterand bindethem tothe eye, and fo (hall all paine fly away, and blindnes. departal-
thouehit hath oppreffed thee awitole yeare, and this medicine is approued by manye:
Phyfitians both elder andlater. ^ : * des ehesd
The lier ofa cat dryedandbeate to poulder is good againft the ftonz : the dung of, "^ A
afemale cat with the claw ofan Oule hangedaboutthe necke ofa man that hath had feuen
fits ofa quartane Ague, cureth the fame : a neezing poulder made of the gall ofablack-Sextus
cat,and the waight ofa groate thereof taken aad mingled with foure crownes waight of,
Zathbath, helpeth the conuulfiónànd wryneffe of the mouth : and if che. gall ofa, Cat,
; ; D Aetius,
with the black dung ofthe fame cat,be burned in perfume vnder a womantrauailing with,
Rafis.
a dead child, it wil! caufe it prefently to come forth:and Pliny faith that ifa pinjor thorne, Albertus
' or fithbone, fticke in ones mouth,let him rub the outfide againft it wich a little cats dun g, Pliny.
20
5o
ge
50
and it will ealily come forth. Giuen toa Woman fuffering che fluxe, with a little Rozen
and Oyle of Rofes, it ftayeththe humour ;'andfora Web in theeie ofan horfe euening
and morning, blow in the poulder of cats dung, and it fhall be cured.
OF THE WILDE CAT.
L] Cats atthe beginning were Wilde, and therefore fome
doe interpret ym. E/ay.3.4. for wilde cats; and the Germans
callit Bonwmruter, that is, a tree-rider, becaufe (he hunteth
Birdsandfoules from tree to treee.-The Spaniard calleth
It Gato-montes,and in fome places of France it is called c/az-
curetz.. There are great {tore ofthem in Helnetia, eípecial-
ly in the Woods, and fometime neere the VVaters. alfo
being 10 colour like.tame cats but blacker, {uch as in Eng-
lang is called a Poolcar. I (aw one of them, which was taken
in September, and obferued, that it was in length from
the forehead to thetoppe ofthe taile, foure fullfpannes, anda blacketine-or ftrake all
along the backe, andlikewife fome blacke vpon theLeggess betwixrthe breaft andthe
necke there was a large white fpot, and the colour of her other parts was dusky , red, and
yellow, efpecially about the buttocks, the heeles of her feet were blacke; Ber tayle longer
thenan ordinary houfe cats, hauing two-orthree blacke circles about it, but toward the
top all blacke.- Eo ! |
'They abound in Scandiuania,where the Linxes deuourethem: otherwife they are hun-
ted with Dogges, or {not with Gunnes, and many times the countrey men feeing-one Olaus mag:
ina tree; doth compaffe irabout with multitude,and when fheleapeth downekill hir with
their clubs, accótdingtotheverfe of Neuer/fanus : M
hgnpi : c Felemqueminacem Avberisim trunco, — |
rna | Longis perficeretelise 71 0 0007 | ;
'"In'the prouince of Malabar; thefecattes liue vpon trees, becaufe they arenot fwiftto =.
run} birt leape with fuch agility, that fomie hàue thought they did flye: and verily they do
fie; for they haue a certaine skin, which whenthey lie in quiet, cleauethor fhrinketh vp
totheit bellies, but being ftirred; the fame fpreadeth from their forefeet to their hin der,
likethe Wing ofa Bat; by Vertue whereof, they ftay vp themfelues inthe aire, paffing
fórtitreeto tree like a foule :as alfo doth the Pontique moufe, as {hall be declared afters
. " !
(i umo SERRA
ward.
LEM
AA .
"rFheslárines of wild catsare vfed for garments, for there is no skinne warmer, as by, ©
experience appeareth in Scithia and Mofcowia, where their women are clothed with the
farre of cats, but efpecially for buskins and fleeues with their haire turned inward,noron-
ly againft cold büt for medecipe, again{t contra&ed finnewes, or the gout. The fat of chis
beaftis referued by fome forheating, foftening, and difplaying tumours in the fleth ;
» an
D SS
Mi
Wn
l
RUN
duh)
T i
l
ig
BI
Rt
aa
MI |
ion
Bi
i el
ru
Wi
De ili cm post m
TAE
TN aM.
| n
as | 4
B !
n
un
LEAN
V
l
)
E ne
= |
}
SS
- ^
3 Ss v LAS E P =
mra ic Mio
»-—
E
~
Taie.
Ofthe cow
]our,
amiraculous 1i
thing in her
drinke,
Jerabo lib, Ms
Of the coun-
tiics of their
brecde,
Of their hun
ting and ta-
Jung,
| The Lhiftory of Foure-footed Bealls. T"
&
and whatfoeuer Ra/s or any other faid of the houfe Cat before in the medicinall partes,
that alfo appertainethto this, except as in all other, fo it falleth forth heerin that thever-
tues of thewildkind is more effeétuall then the tame.
Thereare fome among the Rhetians and Germans, which eate the fleth heerof accoun-
ting it delicate, hauing firft cut otfthe head and taile: they cannot abidethe fume of rue,
or of bitter almonds; there is nothing memorable, in the nature ofthis beaft that I can
learne,except that whichis relatedby eias that when men are bitten by Crocodils, this
therwife fearing the prefence of man.
“We may heerunto adde the beaft which is bred in Armerica called Heyratt {poken of b
Theuetus : which name fignifieth a beaftof Hony, and the reafon is,becaufe it defireth ho-
ny aboue meafure, for it will climbe the trees, and comming tothe caucs of Bees, it will
- with fuch dexterity, take outthe Hony with their nailes, that itneither hurteth the Bees
or receiueth hatme by them. It isabout the bignefic ofa Catte, and of a Cheffe-nu
. €olour.-
OF THE: GOLVS.
~ oP
Here is among the Scithians and Sarmatiansafoure-footed
wild Beaft called Colus, andoffome Sulze in Latine ; ofthe
Polonians Sethe, of the Mofcouites Seigak, ofthe Tartari
ans dkkyk and Ssak, of the Turkes Akomi, being in
quantity and ftature betwixta Rammeanda Hartand dusky
white colourd,but the young ones yellow: of a fingular fwift-
neffe and celerity in courfe. Her manner isto drinke bythe
©) or holes in her Noftrils, whereby fhe fauffeth vp aboundance.
Ao 4 I of Water and carrieth it in her head, fo that fheewill liuein:
i dry paftures remote from all moifturea great feafon, quens
ching her thirft by that Cifterne in her head. bigs
They are moft plentifull tobe found in-Tartaria, in Pontus, whereare fo many plaines
thata man can fee nothing but heauen and earthilikewife they are found in Mofcouia ia Pe-.
docia & about theRyuer Neprusand Bori/henes:they can neuer be taken but by werifom-
neffe ; wherefore if menfollowthem with Pipes and Timbrels, playing vpon them, they:
fo weary themfclues withleaping and running toand fro, being compatled in by PAR
Rl . fades.
-
* WP.
- beaft by anaturall inftin& hating a Crocodill, will come about the wounded perfons,o- .
Io
20
49
ge
Of the Cony. {09 | ii
tudes of men, that they fall downe for weakeneffe, and fo are taken. They liue in flockes |
| together, fometimes fiue hundred; and after Eatler in the fpring, twohuüdred in a.
| troupe: hauing aSnout like a Hogs, they endure much hunger butno cold.
: In Matchthey dig vp with their Hornes, a certaine roote, whereof they eate, and pre- Of their pro I
creation, i j
i
fently theit luft for generation encreafeth vnto rage 5 infomuch that for fatif&eng therof
| they continue in that a& both male & female, vntlthey lofeal tr>h of body lying halfe
| dead on the earch by the fpace of 2 4. houres,not able to goe or ftand : during which time,
they are often taken aliue, but when they come againe to themfelues, they rather dy then
| endure to be tamed. . | | |
| ze ^ The flefh ofthemisvery fweete and wholfome, they conceiue and bring forth for
the moft partetwinnes or two at a time; their greateft enemie is a Wolfe (for inthe
| Winter and fnowthey buntandkil them.) Their hornes are about foure palmesin length,
| HR ME or bending very little & very fharp, wherewithal they can pierce the
elly ofa Horfe or other beaftthat ftandeth ouer them : atthe roote,theyareaboutíixe ^e
yaches compaffe, and fo growing leffe and leffe to thetop ; one ofthem waighethabout
sane
A ]
Shan
Wr
"n
W
i
"n
i
| nine outices ; tlie blade toward the point is tranfparent, being held againft the lightor EE
ow * " E ^ -"
| funne, becaufe itis white and thin, burthe neather part is dusky and thicker, and there- i di
fore itisnot penetrable by the eieofman. There are about 14. circles like rings com- B 'q
) & n |
.. paffingaboutthe borne, one aboue another, but the vppermoft 1s not perfect. This
ao homeis of great price, being aprefent for any Noble man, for in Turkey they are fold
for fixe Craconian (hillings ; yet [know no other vfeofthem, but either to make hafts for
| kniues,ot elfe hornes for Spe&acles. ases pooisis
| > Thisbeaft liuerlialtogether in the plaines, except infnow, andthen he runneth into
the Woods ; where fie may be taken more eafily, and killed with the ftroke of a Staffe: . :
When the Tartarianskhow in what plaines they lye, their King commeth and witha mul- Meatimichon B
titude of men compaffeth them and wearieth themby mufickeas aforefaid. Allthiswas - mi
related to me, by one that hadkilled ofthem aboue two hundred with his owne hand, } |
(faith that right honorable and moft learned Gentleman Johannes Bonarus Baeren of Bal- i
fzeea Poloniam. ) dew is DEY Mapiqce
Dos ed inte et Co Ea EHE: CO BUY; 25:5 didus B
Nu ae LARUM EN TIT
eS TT Ta
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| wine = : EL PES ZZ Ae 3 : u 523 —
1 2t Zz--—-— / =, . —
"Á CZ LE Uf tf 77. : ca ERI Y wes —
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ilo The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
vi Mong the diuers kinds of Hares,conies haue the third rank,being therfore cal-
led in Latine Lepu/culs(as it were litle hares)& fometime Leberide as ic wer a Le-
| iue zucretor young Hare, as well as Cumiculus: whereof the reafonis,that it maketh
Scab rs! holes in the earth, for Cuiculus was a Latin word fora hole or caue in the earth,
ee EDefore it was taken for a cony.Scapban inthe fingular,& Sehephanim in the plural Lenit.t 1.
and P/al.z04.istakenin Hebrew for a cony or conies,& not for a Hedg-hog,as the Septu-
agintatranilare,or for a Porcu/pine,although they liue alfo in canes and fecret places of the
Platina, ^ earthsand therfore Choerogrillus or Cheerogillius ox Choerogryllinus cannot fignifie a cony:
Hermolaus. as the Septuagintstrantlate Scaphan,but a Hedg-hog,as theword deriued from the face of 1o
Peih a Hog doth moft euidently declare;which can by no means agree witha Cony-In the 14.
Cig said of Deut,the word. Seaphan is ioyned with a Hare,becaufeit is abeaftneere ofkind vnto it
etymo- iS m . 4
TE oithe foritiseuidenthatboth ofthem chew the cud, howfoeuer a cony hath not a fimple clo-
name. uen foot into two parts. A cony alfois called Adapes,becaufe of the roughnes of his feet;
Theircount. |. _Thereare few countries wherein conies doenot breed, but the moft plenty ofallisin
(Munfterus England, they are alfoinan Ifland whereare but few menneerevnto Dicearcha, or asitis
Athenens, — bardy whereupon Appius inVarradid write to one of his acquaintance which hadtarryed
Ploy,
(arre.
fed Bapti/ta Fiera xo write thus : =<
eredideram leporem fic forma fimillimafallit)
Ambo fuperfictant, dente vel aure pares. >
Pet. Matyr likévafe affirmeth in his Ocean Decades,thatin turianaa region of the new fotid
worlde; afe conies for colour,quantity, and haire,like Hares;which the inhabitantes call
20
Their partes prr zy and there are two litle Iflands caled cumicularie,which feeméto be denominatedof 49 — |
&members— > 2? Ma cm : num DT MESA ;
.-conies,ftanding betwixt cor/iea and Sardinia:For their feueral parts;they are moft like vn-
~to a Hare, except intheir head arid tailewhich is fhorter, and their colour which is alway
Agricola. ~ brighter andleffe browne and fandy : or elfe fometimes conies are white, black;gryfeld,
deo £5 tauny,blewith, yellow-{potted,afb-coloured,and fuchlike.And A/y/ivs faith,thatin fome
theirskinues Places,they are alfo greene, and their skinnes are of great vfe through the world, efpeci-
eresceanensis ally in all the Northand Eaftfor garments, facings andlinings. The gray and yellowith
.. arethe worft, but the white and blackeare morepretious, efpecially of the Englith, ifthe
blacke beafpertedwith fome white or filuer haires: and in their vfe the Buckes are moft
Thes Or. Surable; yet heauierand halber. The belly is moftfoft, gentle, & eafie,& therfore more.
their fleth. fet by, although ofleffz continuance.Their flefh is very white and fweet;efpe cial] y.ofthe
| a Pliny,
them, but Itruft there is no man among chriftians fo inhumanely gluttonous, as onceto
» deuife or approue the fweernes of fo foulea difh: burthe tame ones are not fo good, for
in Spaine, they wilfnot eat ofa tame cony, becavfe every creature doth partake in taft of
the ayre,wherein he liueth;and therfore tame conies which are kept ina clofe and vnfweet
. young ones, being about fourteen or twenty daies olde, and fomehaue deuifed a cruell |
delicate meat,whichis to cut the yong onés out of the dams belly and {fo to dieffe and eat
OB |
: 2
$9
^ Of tbe (ony. | S i * YII
ayre, by reafon oftheir owne excrementes cannot taftfo well, or be fo wholefome as
thole whichrun wilde in the mountaines and fields, freefrom all infe&ionof euillayre, *
They loue abouc all places the rockes, and make Dennis in the earth, and whereas it is
{aid; Pfal. 104. thatthe ftony rocks arefor the cony, itis not to bevnderftood asthough Theplaces
the feet of the cony could pierce into the rocke, as into the earth, and thatthe diggeth bir ro
hole therein as in loofer ground; but that finding among the rocks holes, already framed
to her hand, o elfe fome light earth mingled therewith, the more willingly entreth there-
into,as being more free from raine & tloods then in lower and fofter ground: for this
caufe they loue alfo the hils and lower grounds and woods where are no rocks, as in En-
ro gland which is nota rocky countrey buc wherefoeuer (he is forced toliue, there fhe dig-
geth hir holes, wherein for the day time she abideth, but morning & euening commeth
outfromthence, and fittethat the mouth thereof.
Intheir copulationthey engender like Elephants, Tigres, and Linxes shat is, the male
leapethon the backe of the female, their priuy parts being foframedto meet one another Their cop t~
behind, becaufe the females do render their vrine backward : their fecrets and the feed of see
the maleare very {mall. They begin to breedin {ome countryes,being butíxemoneths 7he.Gyp/om
old,but in England ata yeare old, andfo continue bearing euery moneth, at the leaftfe-
uen times in one yeare, if they litter in March, butin the winter they do not engender at
als and therefore the authors fay ofthefe and Hares, that they abound in procreation, by
$e reafonwhereof, alittle tore. wil ferueto encreafe a great borough. Their young being lit-
teredare blind and feenottil they be 9. dayes old, andtheir dam hathno fuck forthem, til
she hath bene fix or feauen houreswith the male,at the leaft for fixe houresafter she can- +,
; E be, Gypfor,
not fucklethem, greatly defiring to goto the Bucke, and if she be not permitted prefent
ly, shee is fo farredifpleafed, thacshie wil not be fo inclined againe for 14.daies after.
Thauebinalfo credibly iriformed by one thatkepttame conies, that he had Does which
littéred three at a time; and within fourceene daies after, they litteredfoure more . Their
ordinary rkimber in one litter is fiue, and fometimes nine, but neuer aboue : and I haue
feene that wlien a Doe hath had nine in her belly, two or three of them haue perishedand
bene oppreffed inthe wombe by {uffo cation. The males will kill the young ones, ifthey «,. uct
30 comeat them like asthe Bore-cats, andthereforethe female doth alfo auoid it carefully, Es d
couering the nett or litter with orauell or earth; that fo they maynotbe difcouered:there and o! fome
are alfo fome of their females very vntiaturall, not-caring for their yong ones, butfuffer Enjateb
themto perifh, bothbecaufe they neuer prouide a warme littour or nett for them, as al-
fobecaule they forfake them being litteted , or elfe deuourethem. For the remedy of
this euill; He that loueth to keepe them for his profit, muft take them before they be deli-
viered, and pulloffthe haire or fleth vnderneath their belly, and fo putit vpori their neft,
that when the young one commeth forth, it may not perifb for cold,and fo the dam will
be taught by experience of paine to do the like her felte : 7i bus farre Thomas Gypfon 42 EXi* Their meat
glifh shy ox Conies you may giué them Vine-leaues, Fruits, Herbes,Grafle; Bran, and food
40 ‘Oatmell, Mallowes, the parings of Apples; likewife Cabadges, Apples themfelues, and
Lettuce; and I my fe!fe gauetoa cony blew wolfe-baine, which the did prefently eat with
out hurt, but Gallingale and blind Netde they will not eat.In the winter they wil eat hays 4 danger in
oats and chaffe, being giuento them thrice a day : whenthey eat greenes they muft not the meat &
drinke'ar all; for if they do, it is hazzard but they will incurre the Dropfie :andat other drinke
times they tmuftfor the fame caufe drink but licle, and that little muft bealway frefh. Iris
alfo dangerous to handle their yong ones, in the abfence ofthe dam, for hiriealoufie will _
eafilyperceite it,which cauféth her fo to difdain thé, thar either she bit eth,forfaketh; ot 477 1
killeth thens-Foxes wil oftheir own acord hunt both Hares & conies, tokil and eat them: the medicins
.. © Totiching' thé medicinall properties, itis to be obferued that the brain of conies hath in a Cony,
go bineaten fora good Antidot agaiaft poyfon : fo'alfothe Hart whichis hard tobe difgeft-
edshath the fame opetation that is intriacle. There isalfoan approved medicine forthe '
Squinancy or Quinfie:take a lie cony 8 burn her inan earthen potto pouder,then take °
afpoonfülofthatpouder ina draughtof wine,and driiik the moft part thereof, and rubbe
your throat with the refidue;and it (nál cure with fpeedand eafe,as Marcellus faith The fat
is goodagaioftthe ftopping of the bladder and difficulty of vrine being anointed at a fire
vponthe hairy place of thefecre:s (as Alex. Benedidtus affirms.)Other things,I omit con
cerning this beaft,becaufe as it is vulgar, the benefits thereof arecommonly known,
€ rem M
—— — ——
p — —
_ faids for thus he writeth.,
"i
Cc
cc
ic
vM
[14
ec
[44
cc
cc
ce
> Sn SON
Receiued the pi&ure of this Beaft from a certain Noble-man;
my loning friend in Parzi whofe partes itisnotneedefull co
defcribe, feeing the ymage it felte is perfpicuous and eafie
^ to beobferued. The quantity ofthis beaft doth notexceede
- £3 the quantity ofa vulgar Coney, but ratherthe body is fbor-
ble andlearned Phyfitian Joh. Munzingerus fent meiIt hath 2.
litle low ears; round and almoft pild without hair, hauing alfo
fhortlegs,s.claws vpon onefootbebind;and fix before:teeth
likea moufe, butno taile, and the colour variable. I hauefeene ofthemall white, andall
yellow, and alfo different from both thofe : their voyce is much like the voice ofa pigge,
and they; eat allkinds of Herbes, Fruites, Oats,and Bread ; and íome giue them water to
drinke; but I haue nourifhed fome diuers moneths together, and neuer giuen them an
water, but yet I gauethem moyft foode,as Herbes, Apples, Rapes,andfuch like; or elfe
they wouldincurre the Dropfie. bas $45: vdd
Their fleth is fweet for meat, of ayellowfhip colour, like the Lard of Swine,and there-
ter, yet fuller,asalfo L obferued by thofe two, which that no--
29
39
fore not fo white as is our vulgar Cony : they do not dig like other Coneys, andfor the 4o
farther defcription of their nature, 1 will expreffe ic inthe wordes of Mupzingerus afore-
C) Neofthe males is fufficient in procreation for feuen or nine ofthe females, and by
*- that means they are made more fruitfuljbutif you put them.one maleto one femal,
then willthe venereous falacity of che male procure abortment.., Itis affirmed, that they
go threefcore daies with young before they litter, and I {aw of late one of them beare 8,
atone time.in her wombe, but three of them. were ftifled. They bring forth in the winter;
and their whelpes are not blindas are the conies.. They areno way fo harmefullas other
are, either to bite or dig, but more traétable in hand ; howbeit vntamable. . If two males
be put to.one female, they fight fircely, but they will not hurt the Rabbets.Asthe male is
moft libidinous, fo doeth he follow the female with a little murmuring no yle, bewraying
his appetite for generation, without wrath, and thefe are al{o called Spanith, conies, by.
Peter Martyr ,wholenature except intheir abundant fuprefz tation commeth nearer to
Hogs then Conies. © | T i2 8dsesboos 2i
“08
i
^to
--———
OF THE FALLOW DEERE, T
2
commonly called a Bucke and a Doe. P
dis ty
DI
NS Ln
4
|
1
n
BISEAIE- É i 1 à 14 j
—— Za AD |
Z, i |
TET li
; ] |
i na |
l
il
i
Here are fome beaftes (faith Pliny) which nature hath fra-
medto haue hornes grow out of their head,like fingers out
ofa hand,and for that caufe they are called P/azicerot e: fuch
3 [ iis; the name.
isthis vulgar fallow Deere, being d erefore called ceruus
palmatas,thatis a palmed Hart, by reafonofthe fimilitude | o0 MM
the horne hath with the hand and fingers. "The Germaines hi hid
call this beaft Dar; and Damlin,and Dambirtz.The Italians mad
50 Daino, and Danio sthe French, Daiz, and Daim. The Spani- iyd |
atds Gawio,and Cortza; the Crzciaus vulgarly atthis daie ul :
Agrimi,and Platogna,and Ariftole Prox : The Latines Da- Gaza i WT
21, and Damula, becufe (de manu) that is; it quickly Ayeth from the hand of man, hauing UU
noother defence but her heelesand the female preea,and the Polonians Lany tis a.com- 1 AU E
moh beáft in moft countries, ‘being as corpulent asa Hart, but in quantity refembleth TILUMND |
morea Roe, except in colour. T3 The i B
Dip
if I
14, The Fiftory of Fottre-footed Beafts.
Oftheir The males haue hornes which they loofe yearely, but the females none at al: their co-
Acad * Jour diuers, but moft commonly branded, orfandie onthe backe, likethe furrow ofa new
parts. plowed fielde, hauing ablack ftrake downe. all along the backe, ataile almoftas long asa
Calues, their bellies and fides f; potted with white, which {pots they loofe in their olda ge; Ej
and the females doe efpecially vary in colour, being fometimes all white, and therefore :
like vnto Goats, except in their haire which is fhorter. The horns of this beat are carried
about euery where to be feene, and therefore this is alfo likely to bethefamebeaft which _|
Ariftorle called Hippelaphus as {ome would haue itsyet I rather thinkethat Hippetaphus was
What Hipne like to that rare fcenchorffe which Frances the firft of that name king of France, had pre-
laphusis. fented vnto him fora gift: which was engendred ofa horfeand a Harr and therefore can 19
haue no other narne then Hippelaphus, fignifieng a Horffe-hart.
In the blood of thefe kind of Deere arenot ftrings or Fibres, wherefore it doth not cone
| ealeas other doth, and this is affigned to be one caufe of their fearefull nature ; they are
Arfrol — alfofaide tohaue no gall: in their hornes they differ not much from a Hartes (except in
aua quantity) and for thetr other parts they much refemblea Ro e-bucke : their flefh is good
for nourifhment, buttheir blood doth increafe aboue meafure melancholy, which cau-
fed Hierato write thus of it,after his difcourfe of theRoe.
Damula adnsta magis (matris ab vbere rapta eft,
Huic prior in nostro forte erit orbe locus :
For the preparation or dreffing of aBucke, we fhall fay more when wee come tothe de- ac
{cription ofa Hart. Albertus tranflateth the word Algazel/a fallow Deere,and fayeththat
the flefh thereof is very hurtfull, being coldand dry and bringeth the Hemmorhoides if
it be not well feafoned with Pepper, Cinnamon, muftard feed, and hony, or elfe Garlick,
which caufed Zuuezall to cry out vpon the exceffe of richmen for their feafts and delicate
fare, being compared with theancients which liued vpon fruits,in thefe words folowing
as they are left in his eleuenth Satyre.
Olmiex quauis arboremenfafebat, — |
Atuunc dinitibus cenandi nulla voluptas : : |
Nil Rhombus nil dama fapit puterevidentur |
Vhguentumatquevo[a cie. :
‘ The dung or fime of this Beaft mingled with oyle of Myrtles, increafeth haire, anda
hea : mendeth thofe which are corru pt. Ifthe tongue heereof be perfumed vndera leech or
ticke that fticketh in the throat ofman or beaft, itcanfeth the leech to fall off prefently; |
and the pouder of fuch a tongue helpeth ina Fiftula, fome ofthe late writers do prefcribe
the fat ofa moul, of a Deere;and ofa Beare mingled togither to rub the head withall for
increafe of memory. |
Of tbe fecond kind of Deere the Ro E-BV C KE,
}, Hereis fo great differenceamong writers about the name of this beaft, that va
et T po IC is a difficultand hard matter to fet downe certainely, in theprinieand origi-
$23 naltongues,the trueand perfect denomination thereof, yet T will endeauour
Parsi} to goeas neere the marke as can be, by laying togither all the probabilities
that I find in other,or obferue by my felfe. To be- |
Thefeuerall: oin therefore with the Hebrew as the fountaine 1 Pe reprefentation both o£Maleand Female,
PE. of all the refidue, they call it Zeb, and the feminin
herof Zebiah, and therefore in Deut. ra, it is per-
“mitted to the Iewes to eate : and the plurall of the
Mafculine is Zebaim,and of the feminine Zebaoth.
The Chaldeetranflation calleth it 7; habia, which in
the Acts ofthe A poftles cap. 9. is called 7: abitha,&
Is interpreted Doreas,aRoe:and fure itis probable
that the Hzbrewes fo call aRo €, becaufe of the out
ward beauty thereof, being full of {pots vppon a groundor skin'of another colour,fhew-
ing with great delight pleafant to the beholder s which caufed Martial! to writethisDii- —
| con
o
59
ee
Of the Roe-backe. | : | I5
re «
MUI)
5 Lip) 77
| Ee ilt)
7-4 4k doris L7
US SN 2
WIT, ma ACG i
ies 7G 2m) AE X:
f 4
Ee
Mlle. [JN XI |
Y SAN =
E (E 822777 7 |
3o UNS TNCS COLO
con 5 Delitium paruo donabis dercada nato,
Tactatis folet bant mittere turbatocw. é
The Perlians call this beaftA4u. l'he Arabians, Thabiu, which commethneereto the chal.
dee word, the Germans Reeh or Rech,and the male Rech-bocke, and the female Rech-geife
The Illyrians Serna or Sarna sthe French Chireau, & shenrenlfaunage.The Spaniard, Zo-
vito, or cabronzillo-montes, the Italians capriolo, and cauriolo for the male, and capriola,and >
-¢auriolafor thefemale. EY SS ea eee Pee TE ds
The nee as the Septuagints do euery wheretranflate, which Szrabo:ter-
meth corruptly Zorces,alfo Dorx Kemas, Nebrous, and vulgarly at this day: Zarkadi sand
4o Dercalis Dorcadion, for alittle Roe-The Latines do alfo vfe the worde Dorcas.in-common
‘with the Gracians, and befide caprea and capreolus for a little Goat, forl donot thinke that
aay learned man, can finde any difference betwixt caprea and capreolus, exceptin ageand +0935)
"quantity. "The reafon of thefe two latter names is, becaufé of the likeneffeit hath with’a ofthe latine,
Goat, for Goats ag we (halfhew in their defcription haue many kinds diftiaguilhed from *3me. —
one another in refemblaunce , but in thehotnes a Roe doth rátherrefemblea Hart, for
thefemalc haue nohornes at all. ia rn ue | i: id
Thefe beafts are moftplentifullin Affricke, beyond the Sea of carthage, but they are of
: 2 A" ne y : cul Anicen,
anotherkind then thofe which 4rifforle denied to bein Africa: there ate al(o in Egypt,& Thec
: ; : MNA [1 Y HU Coun-
in Germany, andinthe Heluetian Alpes.Likewife in catadupa beyond Xilas, in Arabia, in tries breed~
go Spaine, and in Lycia: and it is to be obferued that. the, Zyciaz Roes doe neuer goe mpRees:
ouer the Syriaiv Mountaines. ' Ztel/azus doth deliuer thefe thinges ofthe LybianRoes, me
which forthecolotit and parts of their body may feemeto belong to all. They (faith hee) Psy,
are of an admirable velocity or fwiftnes,but yet inferiourto the Lybian horfes their belly so. .
is parted with blacke ftrakes and drops, andthe other parts of their body are ofa red yel- de ys
lowi(hicolour,they haue long feet, but longer eares, their cies blacke, and their horns are an a
an ornamentto their heads. Their
TES eae e
EE HEN NEC
um
ERE
SSO LENT EL
c
Eus.
SSS
=
r ES
aes
Feehan
—
-— =
ETIXe- Quee Rc EE e CR med
een ep ay
IS
imt ——
—
EET.
p :
m
acum
Neues ERST
. Smmpfius
Albertus
Pliny.
Panfanias.
Bellonittss
Edlebach.
Of their cic-
fight.
Origeu fuper
cant.
Textor,
pl.
Cardanus
The place of
their aboade
"Their con-
cord with o -
ther beafts
(columella
oftheir ta~
king.
Belfariut
Crefconins
The vie of
their Meth.
Simion Sethi -
Anrcenuas
Tralianus
picis
The Hiffory of Foure-footed Beals.
Their fwiftneffe doth not onely appeare vpon the earth butalfo vpon the Waters, for
with their feetthey cut the waters when they fwim as withoares ; and therefore they loue
the lakes & ftrong ftreames, breaking the floods to come by freth pafture,as fweetrufhes
and Bul-ruthes. Their hornes grow onely vpon the males, andare fet with fixe or feauen
braunches, butthe females have none,anatherforealfo they differ in horne from the fal-
low-deere: foas they cannotbe called Platycerota, for their Hornes are not palmed likea
hand, andalthoughthey be branchy, yetare they fnorter: they differ not much from the
common Deere, but in their horne: and whereas the hornes of other beaftes are hollow
toward the roote, whereunto entretha certaine bony fubftance,the hornes of thefefas
alfo ofthe vulgar Bucke and the Elke) are folide,without any fuch emptinefle ; onely, they
are full of pores. It hath alfo beene beleeued, that aRoe doth not change her hornes, be-
caufethey are neuer found 5 whereas intruth, they falloff yearly as doth a Haris, butthey
hide them, to the intentthey fhould not be found. | |
It hath likewife beene thought, a Roe wascalled in Greeke Doreas, becaufe ofthe quick-
nes ofhir fight, and that fhe can fee as perfe&ly in thenight as in the day; andnot onely
for her felfe, but the learned Phyfitians haue obferned, a certaine vifcous humour about
hir bowels, which being taken forth andannoynted vpona mans eies, which are darke,
heauy, andneere blind, it hath the fame effe& to quiken his eic-fight. It is alfo faid of them
that they neuer winke, no not when they fleepe, for which conceit, their blood is prefcri-
bed for them that are pur-blind. Thetaile ofthis beaft is fhorter and leffer then is the fal-
low-Deeres, infomuch as itis doubrfull whether it bea taile or not.
They keepe for the moft partin the Mountaines among the rocks, being very {wift,and
when they are purfued by Dogs, (Asartia//faith)they hang vpon the rocks by their horns
to deceiue the dogs, after a flrange manner ready to fall and kill themfelues;and yethaue:
no harme, whether the Dogs dare not approch as appeareth inthis Epigram: "
Pendentem [umma cabream derupe videbis. . |
Cafuram feres, decipit illa canes: yet this doth
better agree with the wild Goatthen with the Roe, as fhall be manifefted in due time.
eAltanus faith, that the Cyneprofopy, men with Dogs faces liue vpon the fleth of Roes
and Bugles, in the wilderneffe of Egypt: and alfo itis vfuallto conclude them in Parks,
for they wilagree very naturally with Hares and Swine; wherfore inthé Lordíhip which
Varro bought of Péfa, it was feene bow at che found ofa Trumpet, bothRoes and Boares,
would come to their vfuall places for meate : and although they. bee naturally very
wilde, yet will they quickly grow tame.and familiar to the hand of man, for Blondus did
nourifh many atRome. Being wilde they are hunted with Dogs, fhot with Guns, taken
inhets; butthis falleth out fildome, becaufe they liue moftamong the rocks,
They are moft eafily taken in the woods. When theyare chafed, they defireto run a-
ainftthe wind, becaufe the coldneffe of the aire refrefheth them intheir court €, and
therefore they which huntthem placetheir Dogs with the: wind, for fometimes againft
the hunters minds,do what they can tothe contrary, fhe taketh. hir c6urfe that way : but
- Harts when they heare the barkings of Dogs,run with the wind, that the fauor of their feet
thay pafleaway with them. They are often tak€ by the counterfaiting of their voice; which
the hunter doth by taking aleafeand hiffing vponit. .— 7 aig a E
‘They are very good meate (as Philoffratus affirmeth) and that the Indians dreffeat their
feafts whole Lyonsand Roesfortheir ghefts to eate andthe Sophifts intheir banket which
is defcribed by Arhanens,hadRoes therein: and therefore Fzera preterreth itbeforethe
"fallow- deere, alledging theagreement that is betwixt it and the body of man, being
drefled according to Art. !
Tin Hic optata feret nobis fomenta calere,
. ., Vdáleui modicis moxque coquenda focis.
Andthereforealfo affirmeth,that it excelleth all wilde beaftes whatfoeuer, being not
onely fitte for nourifhment but for theficke, as for them that haue the Chollicke, or
the falling euill, or the T7mpanie, and therefore they are beft at a yeare olde or vnder.
Likewife, their broath with Pepper, Loueage, feede of Rue, Parfley, Hony, Muflatdfeed
and Oyle ;and for fauceto the meate they take Pepper, Rue, Hony melted,and an onyon:
fometime alfo they feeth the hanches or hippes, and make Pafties ofthe fides and ribbes.
Ie
6
10
29
—
40
it engender fome m
Doue from the Eagle, and the Roe from t
ful of feare :as flyin
fiercely, that fometume they kill each other.
They feare alfo the Wolfes, whereof came the prouerbe,that
be ioyned to the Wolfes, to expreffean incredible matter. They haue alfo beene vfed ture.
“Of theRoes
Itis a Beaft full offeare, and therefore the flefh thereof: although itbe very dry 3 yet will
elancholy ; ofthe feare Martial faith thus $4
Tam de[par aquila columba non eft.
Hec doreas rigido fugar leoni.
Aste OW
dg
Ofthe difpo-
fition & paí-
> fien.
he Lyon, which afterward grew vntoa Pro-
uerbe. Ithathalfo fome Epethersamong Authors, which doc confirme their difpofition
@weake,wanton, and fuch like ; yet will they fight one with another fo
&rf of all the Ries wil
fot Sacriiceto: Diana, forthe Saphbrte NV omen in Patras, didlay vpon hir great altar
whole Harts, Bores, Roes and other beaftsaliue : and the Coprite did eate the Males; but
ioufly worfhipped the females, not daring toeate them, becaule they beleeued that
Jfésloued them dearely. Su ) |. 14
relig
Ofthefe Beafts camet
he Iflands Capree beyoud Surrentuz,into Campania, where Ti-
berius hada famous Caftle,and was ennobled
of, itis now celebrated for the multitude of quailesthat are found therein.
The remedies or medicines comming from this Beaft are thefe: firlt, the fef ofthem
eaten, isgoodagainftall paines in the {mall guts, for itdryeth andlayeth the belly. Pliny froma Roe.
affirme h, thatthe teeth ofa Dragon tyedto the finnewes ofa Hart ina Roes skiane,and 4£arcelius
woreabout ones necke, maketh a manto be grations tohis fupeziors, and them to be fa-
uorable and pitifull cohim in all his fupplycations : Aud if the white flefh in the breft of
an Hiend, and {euea haires thereof with the genital of a Hart, betyed in a piece of aRoes
skinne, and hanged abouta VVomans.necke, it maketh that, her wombe {hall fuffet noa-
bortements ; but thefe things are triuiall; and notto be beleeued but at pleafure, [know
thatthetaile ofa Dragontyedto the Nerues ofa Hart iaa Roes skinne,the fewetofa
Roe with Goofe greafe,the marrow ofa Hart and anony
doe wonderfully help the falling euill, (ifit be made into a plaifter.)
Sextus faith, tharifone giue the braine ofaRoe drawen or prefied througha ring to
an infant, itwill preferue him for euer from the falling fickneffe and apparitians. The Li-
uer of aRoe fod in fale Water, and the eyes of aputblind man held oaer the fume or reak
thereof, are cured of their blindriefle: and fome feeth itina Irtle cup, and anoynt the
cies withthe fcumme or froth comming from it. Thefameliier being burnéd to poul-
der,and the duft catt ona man bleeding, ftaieth the yfluc or duxe. The gall of this:beaft
mixed with W ine, and che meale of Lupines the waight ofa groate, and Hony, take away
the {pots of the face & the fame gal mixed with water,help
by his prefence;b ütfin ce the decay there-
yon, witliRozen & runninglime,
etia fun-burnedface;andifrec-
Kes : The fame with Hony Atticke,taketh away the dinines from the cies,& withtheiuyce
ofa gourdannoyntéd vpon the eie brow
led off, thatit neuer fhal grow againe 3an
andas Hypocrates did prefcribe, it mft be kept iri afi
For the tingling ofthe eares
an Onyon beaten together, and
alfowith the oyle of Rofes onely;
ticke;allfwellingsand paines:in the iawes or chappes
and Pepper: The fame gall witha lite hoggs-brcad; an
with Anyfe fcede, made intoa fuppofitory, procureth loofenes,
the Hefrierrhoides. 505 ^ |
Alfo the gaull taken with hony à
thevirilemember by anhoyating it. The Splecacbcing dru nkeshe
the melciscommended againtt th | er
fie dung of aRoedryed and fifte
the faméalfo fo drünke; catetbthe Ague : and bycaufe the Roc-
loue his female sthere befome thara
Againftthe laundife chey taket
, take with this gall the O yle
inftilled warme into the eares fora prefent remedy :fo
it helpeth che payne in the teeth, and with the hony at- |
;putting thereto Myrrhe, faffron, Sextas
dthe poulder of burnt Alumme
ifthe party haue not
luer pipe or boxe.
willlikewife’ make her husband to loue her exceedingly.
és; caufeth that where the haire hath beene pul-
dthisgàllis alway the better for the age thereof,
drinke it in wine:
There
Their enes
mies in na-
Sacrifices of
Roes.
Paulauids
eA asus
The medici
nes arifing
‘of Rofes, with the iuyce of
ndthe ivy ce of Eglantine, cureth the exulceration of Ars
loeth wiadiüeffe, and
& chollicke andthe biting offerpents.
d, and
ucke dothwonderfully
dieme, thatifa woman eate the bladder ofa Roe, it
Galen,
]
"— M— MM pcre may TE TTE
T TEE euer ro RE Tu MMERSU LEE t eT TIEN EO
TA 5 pape NEMPE ASTE. MCtaD dpecit ^
?
ee
SS Te
zs
E E IE im Dp EOE Mi um um
epus se sta a
T
rio menti am MEE
Se
XT UA AU GA ume RETRO
=
b
u$ The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts. :
OF THE FIRST KIND OF TRAGE- @
" | pe laphus which may be called a Deere-goate.
) IN
7m
—— WB
NM on NN as ee
ae Se n y zu is 39
: MUTUAE \ ; | |
i 15 3d T 4 Ci S oh! ue
ia Saint AXIS Hy A |
| A SN QU Au-| eee
AA) SS í La | osha 4o
3oviirars thiw exon dos!) O sips edet 971 10 Salle od |
5x Here isanother kind fo like a Deere (although conceiued of
\\| fa’ Bucke-Goate anda female Hart) that I cannot but éxpreffe
4] | the figure and briefe natràtion thereo£n this place; Jtislike
lla Denies the beard and the briftles growing abóut the
ef the gene- fhoulders)and P/;zy affirmeth that they are found about the
ration of this river Phafis,in Arabiaand Arachot e whichisa City of india
beaft. 7 : Lt Rage . hi :
fo called of 4rachetus à river iffuing-from Cautafns whichthe
S bbesdus Grzcians ¢all Zragelaphos, andthe Germans ei» Brandhixfes 5°
"The couns and fomethinkethis beaftto be mentioned bythenameof ~
tries of this
rs adc -— Ako in Deut x 4 This doubtles isthe fame beaft which Aviffo-
- name heerof, //€ calleth Zppelaphus becauíe he attributeth the felfe famethin gsto itthat P//gy áfcxibeth
to this.both for the beard,the briftles,and deepe haire about the fhouldexs, which hangs
eth downelike the mane ofa horfe.
nta | A eua á ! A ul
SAN. A a be. A» * * f * T w^ B
dapes viis i - | y * . hu
e (YR: am a : i» E
^ 1 : j ‘ ! :
3 ar ^ ( A
> el 4. 3 . ‘ae 5 y 1 ,
- * " Ns ] s " " |
E hy | ff
0
~ ev
9
P
ED
| Ofthe Tragelaphus.. M j ^ i19
uifes, and that God neuer ordained fuch creatures. Georgius Fabritius which fent methis PM
ux i» à A fecreti
tender and weakeage, fbould betray them to the hunters, beforethey beable to. runne their Milia.
Hereis another 77 yagelaphus (faith he) whereof I finde no
name among the French: it wantetha beard, and the Haire +) | , sip:
ethafterward among Goates : ) the bornes heereof are like werall parts,
a Goats, but more crooked and. bending; compaffiing be-
hinde as a Rammes doe, which he neuer loofeth., His face,
Nofe, and eares, ate likea (heepes,the skinne of his Cods
being very thickeand hanging downe. His Legsarewhite
like afneepes, his taile white ; his haires are fo long about his
ce Sa neckeand ftomacke, that you would: thinke it were bearded.
Hishaire onthe fh d breftblacke, and it hathtwo gray {pots on his flanks on ei-
ther fide : the Noftriles. are blacke, the beake or face White ;foalfo is thebelly beneath,
butthe defcription heereof feemeth rather toagree with a Pygargus,or Mufmon,of which
Ifhallpeakeafterward.. |. 7 ido ip riesdiemmedz
I doe rather approue the relation of another of this kinde, which was fentvnto me by
that moft learned Englifh Phyfition John Cay; whichashe writeth vnto me, was brought
in theyeare15 61. out ofthe Countrey of Mauritania which was clouen-footed and liuetb
for the moft part in the Mountaine partes of that, Countrey, being in quantity betwixta
fallow-deere anda Hart, the, body more likea.Hart, and the fide branded and hanging
downe : a(horter and thickenecke, the colour in the Winter blacke, and red; Íet one w -
ds Das. ii another
: Zenopbon, om
»
thereofrefembleth an Jbex-eeate (whofe defcription folow- tion of his fe -
HN 2 ice.
* ov
LA I EE ——
See mI RIT
a ed
NNNM GRILL n
ru POM LEE Rau rice
EET ix
1 | no
ee
UY a
AU LR PNE
"B i
Mae
ol
y | | T |
11 Hw
ut il |
i MI
j .
ü
mi
TUA
i i}
il te
1
a
i |
"m f |
tj | il
iy ;
i | iw
in i
i |
it
id i
4 |?
UM
ul i ]
4
T
id
e
^
A fecret in
the hoofe.
uty in
lengch and ©
breadth.
Their quan-
MU)
^
n
/
ZAR INTIS SS
A
4
aitether, the beardlike a Goate, but more deuided andturned backewatds his haire very
long euen to his knees,a mane full of briftles, fcetched our in length through his whole
hecke, but efpecially about the toppe of ‘the fhoulder blades, where it ftandeth like bun-
ches, being'in colour darker then in other'partsof the body ; andthe hinder Leggesare
couered withlonger and harder haies downeto the: pafternie, (as I thinkeyfor no other
caufe but to defend them from harme in his leapin g:and the hoofe ofthisbeaftwasmore
ftrange ( for being clouenasisfaide before) the outward hoofe of his fore-legges is lon- we
gerand greater thea the inward, and contraty in the hinder: and the inward: cloue there-
ofis longer and greater, and the outward {maller and fhorter, foas on eitherfide you
would thinke one of them was the hoofe ofa Goate,and the other ofa Hart, both of them
hollow and without foales ; whereof [. can giueno other reafon, then the pleafure of na-
ture, which hath fo prouided, that whereas this beaft liueth among the rockes, and (har
places of che Mountaines;his foote-fteps are by his hollow hoofes more firme and ftable,
becaufe by that means, the {tones and {harp pointedrocks eatrethinto them to ftay them
vp from flyding : butit is more firange in the females hoofes, for they haue vponthetop
and vpper face of them three or foure pleafantimpreffions (as it were of carued or imbro.
dered flowers, ifa man marke them earnefily,) which think are giuen vnto them only for 4@
ornament arid delight. - ET
Eitherfexe loofe euery yeare their hoofes, and Harts doetheir Hornes, that nature
may fhewtheir refemblance in their feettoa Hart, as he doth in their head toa Goat. His
care is short like a Goats;but his eie, genitall, ftones, and taile, like a H arts, though fom-
whatshorter. The hornés like a Rammes; crookedand diftinguished inthe middle; by
a-blacke line all their length, which is two Roman feéte ‘and one finger, arid in tom paffe
at theroote, one foot, one palme, anda halfe,ftandin gone from another, where they dif-
fer moftnot aboueone foote, three palmes, one finger and ahalfe. The rugged circles.
going aboutthem,toward the top are bunchy, and toward the bottéi or toote they are
low, with beaten notchesórimpreffions;^ ^ 8 ^ 660 50 966 o0 piede seh eh
' They arenotatthe top diftant one poittt from another, aboue ohefoote anda palme.
The length of their face, from the Crowne tothe tip ofthe Nofe, one foote, and thrée
fingers : the breadth in theforehead where itis broadett, two palnesand one finger.
The height of this beaftnot abotie three footeand a halfe,except where his mane ftand-
eth, and the whole length heereof from the'crown of the headto the taile is fourefeet and
‘ahalfeand two fingers.
It
29
30
$9
Jd
Of the Hart and Hinde: \ 121
Ithath onely teeth beneath on theneather chap, and thofe in number not aboue fixe,
neither did Pobferue any defe& ia them. It cheweth the cud like other clouen-footed
beafts. The Noftrils are blacke, from whom the vpper lip is deitided by along perpen- . ,
dicular line. It isa gentle, pleafant and wanton beaft, in the difpofition, rather refembling 2' bi der ;
a Goatethena Hart, defiting the fteepeft and flipperyeft places whereon itleapeth;and ehis sca.
from whence (it is reptored) that it doth caft downe it felfe headlong vpon the hornesna-
turally, that by them it may breake the violence ofhis fall or leape, and then ftayeth bis
body vpon the fore-knees. | rat Doe
Tewillrunne apace, butitis moft excellent in leapipe, for by leaping it afcendeth the
higheft Mountaines and rockes. The females are greater then the males, but not in
1? Horne or Haire, it eateth Graffe, Oates, Cheafiill, Hay, and Bread, they bring forth
twinneseuery times arid this we call in Englanda Barbary- Deere. Thus fatte Doctor Cay.
i LH L] ,
d
Swe TI
LZ
aoe 6114
gee a Ze
7
)
nur
\\\
NIU
RU
NRG
SS
eS
jj
ij
n
^
^
NG
S
4 re
LP LETT
WAT,
"Xd esr
EIU mE 3
e RÉP MB. =
= YD |
#® OF THE HART AND HINDE.
He male of this beaít is called in Hebrew jal Deut. 14.and The names
the Arabians doealfo retaine that word in their tranflati- ofa Hare.
ons, the Perfians cal him Gewazen, the Septuagints Elaphos,
the Grecians atthis day. Laphe Pelaphe, and Saint lerom for
the LatinsCeruus, the Chaldees Aielah, the Italians Cervo,
É N the Spaniards Cierwo, the French Cerf,the Germans Hirt
NFA or Airs and Hir/eh, the Flimmings Hert, the Polonians Ge-
* “eo len, the Illirians Jeljely.. Thefemale or Hinde likewife ter- ovi
; | A 7/ / || medin Hebrew Aial, and fometime Alia and Aielet, the of. Hinde
2 Latinesand Italians Cerna, the Spaniards:Cierua the Ger-
mans Hindeand Hindin, andthe Germans morefpeciallye Hin and Wilprecht, the French
Biche, andthe Polonians Lany. The young faunes or calfes-of this Beaftthey call in La- ee te
tine Hinnuli, the Grecians dnebros,the Hebrewes Ofer, the Germans Hindealb. Du des alfa
Alfo
EE
Se esp daret
VALE Alfoit is not to be forgotten, thatthey haue diuers other namesto-dinftinguifh their
As Oise ae yeares and countries as for example : when they begin to haue hornes, which appeare in
; : thefecond yeare of their agelike Bodkins without braunches , whichare in; Latine called
JE i Ariffotle, Subuleyhey are alfo cald Subulenes for the fimilitude they haue with bodkins,andthe Ger
d ES C ^ iras Dans cal {uch an one Spirzhirtz which, in Englifh is called a Spittardand the Italians cor
i es B & Subulous, biatisbut the french haue no proper name for this beaft that I can learn vntil he beathree
B — yearing, and thenthey call him(eiz Gabler) which in Latine are called Furearg. |...
EB Andindeed I was once ofthisopinionthatthefe Subulones were-only two-yearing Harts,
EB. vntil I confülted with a Sawoyen of Segufium, who didaflure me fromthe mouths of men 10
EB RUNI traind vpinhunting wild beafts from their youth,that there are a kind of Subulones which
2 : they callalfo Brorardi with ftaightand vnforked hornes except one -branch,inthemoun-
es taine of Juranearethe lake Lemanus, and that thefealfo do liue among. other Hartes, for
x there was feeneneere a monaftry called the Roman Monafterie by certaine hunters jin the
Z yeare 1553.a vulgar Hart with branched hornes,and his female, and likewife with a/Ss-
3 bulon or Brocarde , which when in purfuit he was conftrained to leape from rocketo rock,
£ to get to the VVater, he brake his ledge and fo was taken. Thefe Brocards are as
* Thegeidie gredt in quantity as other vulgar Hartes, buttheir bodies are leaner andthey fwifter iu
b ere COD es : Tu " SER
Otic They haue but one braunch growing out ofthe ftem of their horne, which is not big-
OINSe, .
cS
ere nN ae BEA ERR —— —
. The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafis:
ger thena mans finger, and for this caule in the ruttiag time, when they ioyne, with their 20
females, they eafily oucrcome the vulgar Hart, with his branched and forked hornes.The ''*
hunters call this Brocard the fhield-bearer to the refidue, for by him they are deliuerd be-
ing hunted : for whereas it isthenature ofthe vulgar Hart, to get into ditches, and hide
himfelfe in hollow places when he heareth the hounds, this beat neuer coueteth any fe-
cret place to couer himfelfe, but runneth ftilin thefight ofdogs, who leaue the other that
hide themfelues, becaufethey keepe this on foot :andfowhen the hunters are pafled by
the lurking harts, they returne back againe, being fafe both from nets and dogs; while the
poore Brocard is chafed vnto death. |
Thefe being old, arealfo known by their teeth and horns, for they neuer change them,
butit is queftionable whether they haue any hinds or females, although my Authour in- 39
formeth me,that he heareth ther be alfo hinds with horns like thefe,being notaboue one
finger long ; whichifit betrue, itis not improbable that thefearethe femals of that kind,
wherunto I yeeld more eafily, becaufe the vulgar hinds wil not admit copulation with the
Brecard , except they be conftraind,andas it were rauifhed againft their wil, from whence
it commeth that they are fo rare and {eldom bred:their flefh is much fweeter then the vul-
gar harts.
.' The figure ofthe face andhornes. J hauetherefore heere expreffed the figure of the heade
ef this beaft with his hornes whichis alfo called Amamyxta or
eighteene inches long, and at the fhorteft about nine inches,
wherof that part which cleaueth to the head is bunchy and in-
dented:the longeft as they grow inlength,do more and more
{tad out one from another,turning vpat the toplikea bowe,
buttheleffer do not ftand out fo farre; and bend very little ac
the point; and whereas in the vulgar harts the root of the horn
* is but ina round circle as it were faftned vpon the feull of the
beaft, in this thebony rootes lie within the skinnes much
Wes as may be eafily difcerned by. comparing both togi-
ther. | .
Thereafon whyl callthis purgundtas hart or Subulon A-
namysta, is becaufe it not onely wanteth the manifolde
btaunches of vulgar Hartes, but that alfo which is called Apt E
boo sha phere:
a Bur gundian Brocard,whofe hornes are at the longeftabout 4
e
se
Of the Hartand Hinde. 123
"Thereareauother fort of Harts called Achaini bred in Creet neere Aches, whereas in
| all other partes of eveet there are no Harts, wherofitis affirmed by Gaza that there was Ariftetle,
one of them which hada bough of greene Iuy growing in his hornes, it was conie&tured a is e
that whenitwas young; fome {prig of that Iuy was taken iri flifter of the hore, which by Gia: "vs
reafon of fome nouri(hment it found in che horinaturall tothactree being like a rocky e^» myracle in
fubflance, it there grew to more perfection. Thefeare alfo called Spathene, although that cas
| termebe alfo giuen vito vulgar Harts to fignifie their fullage, yet fomeare of'opinión Ais, ..
that this zfchamie Hart was butaninuention or figment made in bred, for there was inan mer
| tient tímea kind of loafe called Achaines in the likeneffe ofa Hart. r2 01&ro1 vod
ro -MISNE . } rit , : ' - EDT V 29w
| Iteceiuedalfoofthat learned man jobg The pi@ure of another fact’and hornes.
| C», another head out of England which Logis 05 10 O16 Y prodigy I 2101515] w
heconie&urethto betheheadofthepal. MA pre 0 omoes
| med Bücke,asit was called by Jw//ss capi-
talinus, which I do not take to differ from
the fallow Deer: and yet becaiife this fee-
methto be of themoft exeellent kind , I
hanethought goodto 'expreffe it in this
place, being farre different fronvall other
|| 40° hores of this kiride of Beaftes, and more
| beautifull. OW! Siti 3054 05 1154
Hartsare bredin mofteountties;but the -
auncients do celebrateand pteferrethofe :
of Britsine before other, where they are
of diuers colours both white and blacke,
as Paufanias affirmeth. In Oedor a region
of Aia, toward the Northerne Ocean,
theyride vpon Harts ; likewifethere are
warts in Scythia zand the people cald Me-
jo dita whicharefübic&t tothe kings of Tar-
taria,make their garts fotame; that they
alfo ridevppon them: there are none in
erect except intheregion of the cydonites.
there are alfoin the woodsof ueluezia,but
potío many as intime paftbecaufe De- BG i
mocraties donotnourifh gameand plea- xi w»nb ns od T- blo aid l
| fures likevnto Monarchies,and therefore 3 Biot 10% ed orton nod n
they are daily killed by the vulgar fort, there beingnolawagainfit. © 2757 070 p |
‘The Harts of He/z/font and about 4771/4 haue one of their eares llitor cut afunder, yt ei 2H
- by fature intheir dams belly;and thereforethey neuer go ouerthe Mountaines into O- Atecretin ”
| 4° therregions :as indeed itis the property ofall Hartsto loue; y their natiue foiles aboue' the eres ef
all other places. There is a citty: called Dora in Aria ncere the banksof. Euphrates where yo
| are many flockesof Harts, of whom many times fome are flaine with Datts, and others as A hyftory.
| they fwim away to theiraccuftomed folitudes are oppreffedin the water by the weight of
| Oares;andfo taken.) They are for the moft part fand-coloured, and intermingled wich
| fome whitefpots, efpecially the Hinds and their calues;and fometimes milk-white,which
| happeneth vnto them by fome defe&tin their nourifhmentbefore they be calued:andfor Polls.
naturalimbecillicy, fo haue I (een white Bears, Hates, Quailes, Partridges,and Swallows? Mens
When Appolonius and his Colleagues trauelled by Paracaa citty of India,they fudden- louse?
0 ly hearda noife likethe found ofa pipe;and while they looked about to fee what itfignifi- 4” ifetle. +)
5° ed, they perceiued chat it was the pipe ofa keeper ot Forrefter , which gouerned a whole Beale roe
| flocke of white Harts: füchian one was the was the hatt of Sertordus that Noble Captain, porc
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whereby heled his army, asthey-were perfwaded by it, who affirmed that it was a Spanifhe Plutarch,
Prophet orwizard giuento himbya certain Lufitanian whom he tookinan Iflandof Pots Gelliw.
tugall;faying moreouer that íhe was infpired by Diana, and that {hee had authority from
"^ii OF 92 in n ! usw e£ 2220990 Mag |o that
ma. The Hiftory of. Foure-footed Bani. |
that Goddeffeco admoni(h himjand make the harts ofhis foaldiors cleave faft vnto-hiin ,
and therefore ifat any time he miícaried in his proceedings, he could eafily pacifiethem
from mutinies,in faying ; that his hart fet him vppon that, enterprize; fo putting off the
fault cunningly from himfelte to the beaftfor feare of defection; wherforealfo thefe wer
víed in the Rarchamals of Craconia, and their fleth being fofter js peculiarly termed by the:
enu ErenchFesáifen, Theledo excell all other in the beauty of hornes,whichare very high, »
we p she Yet growthey not to their bones or skalps,but to theirskin; branching, torch into many:
beauty of — {pieres,being-folide throughout, and as hardas ftones, and fall off once euery yearesbut:
them, ifthey remaine abroad intheaire, where fome wind and raine fall vponthem, foas now:
they are wet, and anon dry againe, they growas lightas any vani(hing or fofter fubftance re.
as I haue proued by experience, finding fome which haue bin loft by them in the woo di :
wherefore I gather that they are ofan earthly matter concrete and hardned with aftrong:
heat made like vnto bones. It muft be yndeérftood thatthe males onely are horned;-and:
yet haue they {mall benefite by them, becaufe (as I faide) they growebut within theyr
skin, and thefe alfo they loofe euery-yeare in the {pring time.At one yeare old they-hatie
nothing butfmall bunches, as it werefignifications of their hornes to come growing’ on.
their head; attwo yeares old they appeare more perfe@ly but ftraightand fimplesatthree
years they grow forked into two {pieres, at foure into three,and fo iticreafe euery yeare —
in their branches tillthey be fix,and abouethat time you cannot certainly, difcerne their.
age by their heade, for theirhotnes or fpieres grow not more in sumberalthough their 2e.
years make them greater in quantity:yet the old Harts do want thefe two branches which!
___, the Grecians call Amynterat,and che Latines Adminicula, becaufe they firft come forth:
- and I haueheard that there were Harts hornsin an Apothicaries (hop of Antwerp;which :
“had euetieone fifteene branches vpon one {tem,which if itbe true;it goeth beyond alex-
"*perience.. Euery yeare in the month of Aprill they loofe their hornes, and fo having lofi
Thetime of them, they hide themfeluesin the day time, inhabiting the fhadowy places, to audide the.
oe their annoyance of flies, and feed onely during thattimein the night. Their new hornes come
Pliny. forth like bunches at the ficit, and afterward by the encreafe of the Suns heate, they grow
more hard, couere d with a rough skinné, whichthe hunters for honours fake call.a Vel-.
uct head, atid as that skinne dryeth, they daily try the ftrength of their new heade vppon 3o
trees, which not only fcrapeth off the roughnes,butby the pain they feelinrubbihg them,
they are taught how long to forbear the company of their fellowssfor at laft when in their
chafing or fretting of their new horne againfta tree, they cannomore feele any {mart or
greefe in them,they takeit for high time to forfake their folitary dwellings, and returna-
gaine to their former coiídition like one thatis fupplied withnew arms,after the loofing of
his old. The tender andnew hornes the Germans call Mercbi and Kolben : thefe béing ta-
ken from thebeaft are accounted among great noble men a delicate di(h of. meat.Cyprisé
elit is {aid to haue a Hart withfoure hornes, which wascalled Nitccreos,and by him dedicated
Pie gs n. to Apollo, which I do therefore remember in this place, becaufeicis feldome feene that
horns... a Hart can bear naturally abouetwo horns.Authots do generallie affirm that whena Hart 49
: hathlofthishornes, hehideth them.in fome fecret place;becaufe he vnderftandeth fome ''
7 fecretvertues,are contained in them, which mankind feeketh for,jand therefore he éither
enuying the good of other, or fearing leaftthey bewray him hecreaftertohunters,taketh
the beft carejand prouidence his difcrerien can affoorde, that th ey neuer come to the han
dling of men. Whenthe peopleasked Apollo whatthey fhoulde doe with Preclertheir
Tyrant, the Oracle anfwerd that he fhould go to that place where Harts caft their horns:
«7 whereby itwas gathered, that he fhould be {laine and buried in the earth, and this caufed
‘the prouerbe: Pbi cerui abi ciunt cornua,to fignifie adefperate bufines: yet could itnot be
; agreed, whether the Hart make more account of hisright horne or his left; andtherefore
Whether the Arzfetle affirmeth, thatthe left horne is neuer found; and P/izy, thatthe tight hornisne- 5e
right orleft’ yer found. Ree oss Rr. ran ou
Lic ga This difference may be reconciled with eafe, for right and leftare fo tearmed for three
-.«. caufes, orthree manner of waies. Firft, properly inallcreatures, according to the begin-
^ ningof motion. Secondlie, for fimilitude or likenefie;as the right and left fide of Ima-
ges, ftatues, &c. Thirdly, improperly when: the tight fide of one thing ftandeth a-
gainft the left fide of another, being oppofite, as when two men ftande face to face,
— Of the Hart and Hinde. +. 125
and by thisreafon may theleft horne of Ariffetle, and the right horne of Pliny fignifie all
one thing : but weknow thatthe hornes ofharts arefound yearly both in fields & woods:
The wilde Harts of Sarmatia neere Turky, hauethe greateft hornes ofall other, for it
hath bene proued that one paire of them haue waighed forty poundes Troy weight and im
aboue : and there they loofetheir horhesin March;neither do they fall off together, but eee es
firft one, and then the other, and after ther fir(t falling; it is manifeftthata certaine worm
getteth on them and maketh vpponthem many circles and little furrowes whereby the
roote or bafis being weakened, the horne groweth very whiteinthatplace, andyernot —
without fome apperaunce of blood remaining which cleaueth toit; from the firft falling Boxarus
ro off: for,when the head ofthis Beaft is difarmed,there yflueth blood from the fcul;and in
appearance the naked place is like a wound, and yet itis wonderfulto marke, that within
.3. daies the fameis heald and filed withthe blood which congealeth in that place firftto a
finnue, andafterward toa hard bone; foas in Auguftatthe fartheft, the hotnes are per- Sana
fc&, andtherefore the Egyptians to defcribea long-liued-man, pi&turea Hart loofinge why Hartes
his hornes euery yeareand new commingin their place. If any man be defirousto know Sop atte
the reafons, why onely beafts of this kind loofe their hornes in thisnianer, I wil not fpare Horns yearly.
my painestofet downethe beft which Authors haue rendred for this woonder of na-
ture. -- : UNO iori D i:
: Firft, becaufe ofthe matter whereof they confift, foritis dry and earthy like the fub-
ao -ftance of green leaues, which fal off yearly, wanting glewing or holding moiftureto con-
tinue thems and forthis caufe the horne ofa hart cannotbe bent. «. Secondly; from the
placethey grow vpon, for they are not rooted vpon the fcull, but onely within theskin. 3 .
from their efficient caufe; for they are hardned both with the heat of fummer and cold of
winter, by meanes whereof the pores to receiue their nourifhingliquor, are veterly thue
vpand ftopped, fo s of neceffity their natiue heat dyeth : which falleth not outin other
Beaftswhofe hornesarefor che moft part hollow, and fitted for longer continuance,but
thefeare ofleffer, and the new bunches fwelling vp toward the fpring, dothruft off the old
hornes,beingholpe either by the boughes of trees, by the weight of che horns; or by the
willing excuffton ofthe beaft that beareth them. Democritus and other(as Gillius and Aelta~ , natural fen
the waie it isto benoted, thatifa hart be libbed or gelded when heis yong henenerbea-
reth hornes; or verie final ones, and ifhis horns be vpon him at the time of géldingsthey: 5,
neuer waxe leffe, or ereater,or falloff. "The hinds never beare hornesatall, as fomehaue dca:
affirmd,but I rather beleeue Cefar , Maximilian, and Zenodotus,who affirm vpoirtheir kno
ledge thathinds in forie countries haue hornes like the males: as likewife itis obferued in
the Elephants of India; and for this caufe the Poets expreffed the hinde which: nouri(hed
Telephuswith hotnes and that which Hercules tooke with Golden hornes, and it is for cer-
tainetharinEthyopiaand Lybia,bothféxeshauehornes." (0000500 0000
“The face of this beaft is flefhy , his Noftrils fat,and hisnecke very long; his eares;fome
^^. greater ,andfome fmaller,büt in the mount Zlaphus and Helleffont they ate flit.It is obfer-
ued, that whena sart pricketh vp his eares hewindeth (harpe, very farand fare, and dif- P
couereth all treachery againft him, butifthey hange downe and wagi:he perceiueth no Arjftotle,
danger By their teeth is their age difcerned, and they haue foure on both fides, where-
withthey gtind theyr meate, and befides two other much greater’ in the malethen in the, , | ifle
female; andthey bend downward to bite withal.Allthefe beatts haue worms in their heads: d
bred-vnderneath their tongueina hollow place, wherethe neck-bone is ioynedto the
"eade; whichare notbiggerchen fuchas Flyes blow inrotten flefh. They areingendred
together onewitlranother, and they are in number twenty, as fome would haueit, but I
was piueh to vriderftandby onethatfawea headeof this beaft diffe&ed, wherein were
go Hany more: Wotines,:and not contained xin one place, but ipreade all ouer the
head. HORS
The breaftis by the Frenchmen called peculiarly Hampan, his blood is notlike other
beaftes; forithath no Fibre: or finall-veines inst, andtherefore itis hardly congealed,
nis heart is very great,as it fo fallech oux imal fearefull beafts, hauing in ita bonelike a
a croffe as thallbe afterward manifefted: nis belly isnot of one fathionas it falleth out in
all other which chew the cud. M 3 He
3o us) giue other reafons; butbecaufe they feeme tobe far fetched, I wil omit'them.Yet by cretofgel- |
ded Deere.
The feuerall
arts,
rom
,
—
Se
ee
es
anaes
Pei rimpR e
Rene -
—
Ne — PA ge iim EL MR uv
E.
126 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
He hathno gall, which is one cafe of the length of his life, andtherefore alfo are his
bowels fobiter that the Doggeswill:nor touch them,except they be very fat. The A-
. chaian Harts are {aid to haue their gall in their tailes, and other fay that Harts hauea gal
site intheireares. The Harts of Brzletum and Tharne haue their raines Quadrupled or foure-
Pe" fould: The genitall partis all neruy; the tailefinall, and the Hindehath vddersbetwixt
Oftheir dit- herthighes with foure fpeanes likea cow..Bothmaleand female are woonderfully fwift |
peüton. ^ and fübtileas fhall be (newed in the difcourfe of their hunting. ' They are alfo apt and
Fé * to Cunning tofwim, although intheirfwimming they fce noland, yet doe they wind it by
api theirnofes. They chew the cud like other beafts. It is reported that when a Hart is ftung 10
by a Serpent,thatby eating Elaphofcum : (that is, as fome callit Harts eye, others Hart-
thorne, or grace of God, others wilde Ditany,) it prefently cureth the wound and expel-
lech the poyfon sthe fame vertue they attribute to Po/jpedye, againft the wound ofa Dart. |
of their food? 4 Hauing thus entered into mention of their foode, itis to be farther obferued, that the
Tragit .—.. malekofthis kind will eat Dwallor night-fhade whichis alfo called Deathes-hearbe, and
they alfoloue aboueall other food wilde Elder, o as in the Summer time they-keepe for
the moft part inthofe places where thefe plantes grow, eatingthe leaues onely, and not
afecretin — the boughes or fprigs: butthe Hind will eatneither of both, except whenfhe bearetha
theHind male it her belly and then alfo by fecret inftin@ of nature, (he feedeth like a male, They
P rs willalfo eate Serpents, but whether for hatred to them, or for medicine they receiue by
out oftheyr them, itis queftionable.A Hart by his nofe draweth a Serpent out ofher hole, andthere 20
helesand fore the Gramarians deriued Elaphosa Hart, from Elancin tons opheis, thatis, of driving a
wherefore
they eatand way Serpents.
deuoure thé [ cannot affent to theopinion of Aelianws that affirmeth the Serpents follow the breath
' — ofaHartlikefome Philtre of amorous cup ; for feeing thatall Authors holdanhaftility
in natures betwixt them, it is not probablethat the Serpentloueth the breath of a beaft,
vnto whofe whole body he is an enemy, with a perpetuall antipathy-And ifany reply, that
the watme breath of a Hart is acceptable to the cold Serpent, and that therefore: (he fol-
loweth it, asa Dogge creepeth to the fire, oras other beafts the beames ofthe Sunne; I
will not greatly gaine-fay it,fecing by that meanes it is moftcleare, thatthe breath doeth-
notby any fecret force, or vertue, extract and draw her out of the Denne, but rather, the 39
concomitant quality of heate, whichis not from thefecretfirein the bonesof the Hartes
. throat (as //2y hath taught) but rather from her ordinary expitation,in{piration,and re-
fpiration.For it cannot be;that feeingal the parts ofa Serpentare oppofite toa Hart;that
therefhould be any loue to that whichkilleth her... . |
For niy opinion Ithinke that the manner ofthe Harts drawing the Serpentout ofher
Denis notas Aelaius and P/iny affirmeth,by fending into the caue a warmebreath which
burneth and fcorcheth the beaftout of her den, but rather whenthe Hart hath found the
Serpents neft, fhe draweth the aireby fecret and violent attraGion out from the Serpent,
who to faueher life followech the ayre out of her den; as whena veffell is broched or Ven-
ted, the wine followeth the flying ayre, andas a cupping-glafie draweth, blood outofa 49
Scarified place of the body : fothe Serpent is drawne vnwillingly to follow her deftroi- *
‘ 3 er,and notwillingly as 4elianus affirmeth. . IngRY .
Vntothis opinion both Oriba/usin his commentaries vpon the Aphorifines of Hip-
pocrates and Gumterius his reftorer do ioyntly agree : butthe Serpent being thus -drawne
. forth; addeth greater force to her poyfon, whereupont he prouerbiall admonition did a*
rife. Caneneincideris in ferpentem eum extratta a latebris anhelituceruijeffugerit, tum enim
eAlianu, — prepteryiracundiam vebementius ei venenum eff, thatis, Bewarethou meete not witha Ser+
|» pent drawn out ofher hole by the breth ofa Hart, for at thattime by reaforrof her wrath,
her poifonis more vehement. A fter this felfe fame manner doe'the fea-Rams, drawe the
Sea-calfes hid inthe Subterranean Rocks, for by felling they preuenttheayrthat should 5° ,
come vnto them for refrigeration. :
Oppian.
Gillius, There ismany tinies ftrange confliéts betwixt the Hart and the Serpent, thus drawne
Thefightbe forth, forthe Serpent feeing her adueríary lifteth her necke aboue the grouind,and gra(h-
i ai ethat che Hart with her teeth, breathing out very bitter hiffings : onthe contrary, the
"PH* Hart deriding the vaine endeuour ofhis wéake aduerfary, readierto fightthen powerfull
M 15 sil: voro code 19090 fa
E de
| Ofthe Hart and Hinde. ^ n7
| — toharme him, fuffereth him to embraceboth his neckeand Legges with hislong and thin
| body, but ataninftant teareth it into an hundred pieces. Butthe moft ftrange combats
are betwixt the Harts and Serpents of Libia,wherethe hatred is deeper ; andthe Serpents
watch the Hart when he lyeth a fleepe onthe ground, and being a multitude of them, fec
vpon him together, faftening their poyfonfull teeth in euery part of his skinne ;fome on
hisnecke and breaft 5 fome on his fides and backe, fome on his Legges, and {ome hange
vpon his priuy parts, biting him with mortall rage, to ouerthrow their foe.
The poore Hart being thus oppreffed with a multitude,and pricked with venemous pains
affayeth to runne away, but all in vaine, their cold earthy bodyes and winding tailes,
ro both overcharge his ftrength, and hinder his pace : he then irra rage with his irn fcete,
andliorme affaileth his enemies, whofe fpeares arealready entred into his body, tearing
| fomeofthem in pieces, and beating other afunder: they neuer theleffe (like men) know-
| ing that now they muft dye rather then giue ouer and yeald.to their pittilefie enemy,
| cleaue fat, and keepe the hold of their teeth vpon his body, although their other partes
|. bemortally wounded, and nothing left buttheir heades, and therefore will dyetogether
| with their foe,feeing if they werealunder no compaffion can delay or mitigate their natu- .
rall vnappeafeable hatred. ;
The Hartthus bauing eafed himfelfe by the flaughter of fome, (like an Elephant) at
| the fightoftheir blood, beftirrech himtelfe more bufily in the eager batraile, andtherfore. si
|) ge treadethfomevnder foote inthe blood of their fellowes, others he purfueth with tooth iae
aad horne, vntillhe fee them all deftroyed: and whereas the heads hang faft in his skinne;
forauoydingand pulling them forth, (by a deuine naturall inftin&) he flieth or runneth
to the Waters, where he findeth fea-crabs, and of them he maketh a thedicine, whereby
he fhaketh offthe Serpents heades, cureth their woundes, and auoideth all their poyfon ;
this valiantcourageisin Hares againft Serpents swheras they are naturally affraid of Hares
and Conies, and will not fight with them. iim ; owe ed LOB
\ It isno leffe ftrange that Harts will eate Serpents; but the reafon is, for medicineand pA eae * ^o PRIN
cure; for fometimesthe pores of his body are dulled and (hut vp ; fometimesthe worins :
of his belly doeafcndinto the roofe of his mouth, whilehe cheweth his cud, and there j
1|. So cleauefaft:forremedy whereof the Hart thus atfe&ed, runneth aboutto feeke for Ser- P
pents,for his deuouring ofa Serpent, js a cure of this Malady. . - Yderut, Eu
Pliny faith, thacwhen the Hart is olde,and preceiueth that his ftrength decay eth, his RT:
haire change, and -hishornes drye aboue.cuftome, that thea for the renewing of his Wey ew:
ftrength, he fir deuoureth a Serpent, andafterward runneth to fome Fountaine of wa-
ter andthere drinketi, which caufeth an alterationinthe whole body ; both changing the zh
Saree
.
ee eiui Le E
> ER s oa 22
haireand horàe:andthe. Writerof the Gloffe vppon the 42. Pfalme, which begin- . a
neth;Zike as the Hart defireth the Water fpringes folongeth my Joule after Ge; confirmeth — ia
this opinions > dosod: vu DM t | ‘a
Vincentius Belluacen(is affirmeth that Harts eate Serpents, for to curethe dimneffe of T |
» | oe their eye-fight. But for the ending of this queftion, wemuft confider that there aretWO ees ENT
49 | ids of Harts ;one which by the drawing forth ofa Serpent out ofherhole, doth pre- kinds ofharts 41
fently kill her by ftamping hit vnder feet, this eateth that Serpent, and runnethtofpring-
ing Water, after that he feeleth the poyfon to make his body (well, and then by drinking
doth vomit forth the poyfony.andin the meane time loofeth both haire and horne;
svet the Monkes of Me/aen affirme, that the Hart thus poyfoned doeth onely couer her
body inthe cold water and not dtinke thereof, for that were exitiall vnto her,but fhe fene
deth forth certaineteares, which are turned into a ftone (called Bezahar) of which thal be
more faid heereafter.» The other kind of Harts. when hee findetha Serpent, killeth it, and
doethnot eate it} and irimediately after the victory returneth to feede in the Moun-
iso Tice lcs baie bem bnc: c; 2: Theenemy . |
- Hartsare oppofed by Wolues, for many VVolues together doth ouercome a Hart beaites to DL
ahdtherefore it is but a fable of Strabo, thatthe Wolues and harts liue tame together in Harts. We
| the Woodes ofthe Veneti. - Thefe kind of VVolues are called Thoes, and they efpecially py rin. y
fearethefe Wolues when they haue loft their hornes, and fce de onely in tlie night feafon, II M
1 | hi): s
which caufed Ouid to write thus 5 - *
T Vifa
e Ir Lr mc NET E See caen
m— xm
gscMET
i
t i
128
Albertus
Arillotle
Of the feare
ot harts,
Crinitus.
Nebridi us
The epithets ©
ofa Hart.
A kind of au-
dacions harts
Schneberg:
Pis.
The fubtilty
of a Harc, &
theirinfruc-
tien'aünd víe.
"hriftetle
Indorus,
The feuerall
kids ofharts
aíccret a-
gainft poifon
Solinus
v lian.
Of the fwim
ming of harts
Tzet Ee Y
Gillius.
Oppian.
Pliny
Solinus.
Theirloue
of muficke,
The Fiftorie of Foure-footed Deafir.
Vifa fugit nymphe : veluti perterrita fuluum,
Cerua lupum, cie. : ;
They are afraid alfo ofthe firft and fecond kinde of Eagles, for withtheir winges they
raife much duftaboutthe Harts, and then they being halfe blind, the Eagles pul out their
cies, or elfe fo beate their feathers about their faces,that they hinder their fight, and caufe
them to fall downe headlong from the Mountaines : they feare alfo the ganning of Foxes,
and the Lynxes doelikewife lye in waite to hurt them.Thefe are aboue al other fourefoo-
ted Beaftes both ingenious and fearefull; whoalthough they hauelargehornes, yer their
defence again ft other foure-footed Beaftes is torunne away. For this éaufe, in auncient
time a fugitiue Boy orferuant was calleda Hart, and ifhe ran away twice, Camtharion,
which Cantharion was a Spartan fugitive, that firftran tothe enemy, and afterward from
them came backe againe to Sparta. And Martiall thus defcibeth dlcheus,who being o-
uercome by Phillip King of Macedon ran away like a Hart :
; Trux [tritus ille philippi,
Ceruorum cur[n prepete lapfus abit. jtd :
The Epithets expreffing the qualities of this Beaft are many: as nimble,or ^ um
ged, or{wift-paced, ful of yeares, quick-footed, horned, wandering, fearefull, lying,
fugitiue, light, wood-hunter,wilde, and lively. There are of them very audations, for they
will fet vpon men as they trauailethrough the Woods : and it is obferued, thatthe wrath-
full Hart hath few bunches on his horne, neither is it fo long as others, but bunched at
the roote, yetall ofthem being preffed with dogs orother wilde beafts, will Aye vntoa
‘man for füccor. ) !
Itis reported by PArllip Melauchtoh that in Locha (a towne of Saxony) there was a Hart;
which before rutting time would euery yeare leape ouerthe Walles, and runne ouer
rocks and Mountaines, and yet returne home againe, vntillthe time that Duke Fredericke
dyed, and then the Hart went forth buc neuer returned againe. The male when he feeleth
himfeite fat, liueth folitary and fecret, becaufe he knoweth the weight of his body will eafi-
ly betray him to the hunters if he be huated and purfued. The femalecommonly calueth —
neere the highwayes, ofpurpoftto auoyde noyfome beafts to het young one, who doe
more auoide the fight of man then her felfe. Alfoitis reported, that Matbredates hada
Bull, a Horffe, and a Hart, for his guard befide men; who would not bebribedto fuffer
Traytors to kill him beingatleepe. Moreoóteritis faide of Prol.emens Philadelphe that ha-
uing a hinde calfe giuenvnto bim, he brought it vp fo familiarly tame, and accuftomed it
to words, that at length ir feemed to vnderftandthe Greeke language : And vagus af-
firmethas much ofthe harts of /adia, for that language, A T
~ When they are wounded witha Dait; and having gotten it out of their body byeating
Dittany,they moft carefully avoide the Sun-beatnes, leaftthey fhine vppon tlie gréene
wound, for then it willhardly be cured : but aboue al other arguments of their vndeftan-
ding, none is more firme and evident,thentheir fwimming fo the harts of Amanus; Li-
' banus,and Carmell (Mountaines of Siria) when they arcto {wim ouer the Sea, to the fruit- .
Íullgreene fieldes of Ciprus,they come downe to the Sea-fhore, andtherethey tarry til
they petceiuea profperous Winde, anda calme Waters which happening,the Captaine
or leader of them doth firft ofall enter intothe Water, and fo. the nextfolloweth, laying
hishead vpon the Captaines buttockes, and fo confequently all the refidue refting their
heads vponthe prefideat. In the hindmoft are the-youngeft and weakeft, that fo the
violence of the flouds being broken by the ftrongerwhich goce before; the more infirme
which follow may paffe with leffe difficulty Thus failethey along without ftaror compaffe
to dire& them, except their owne fence of fmelling;vfing their Legs for oares, and their
broade hornes for failes. Andif che formoft be weary; then flippeth he backeto reft his
head vpon the hindmoft, and fo likewife the fecond and third, as they feele themfelues
enfeebled, vntill they arriue at the happy port of good pafture 5 where growing flroriger
like beaftes fallto fighting for rule and gouernment, but when the combat doth fhéwthe
victor and ftrongelt, the refiduedo euer after yeeld obedience to him. Inlikefort doe
‘the Harts of Epirus fwimme to Corcyra; and of Cilicia tothe Ifland Curiadaczes.
They are deceiued with muficke, for they fo loue that harmony, ENG sn
cir
()
*
20
"
46
| Of tbe Hart and Hinde. LOUP ng
their foodeto follow it. Alfoit isamazed at any ftrange fight; for ifa hunter come be-
hinde a Horfe or a Bullocke, laying ouer his backe his bowe and arrowes, they ftand fta-
ring vpon the new-formed Beaft, vntillthe Dart do end their liues:
Ache time oftheir luftor rutting, they are aboue meafure fierce fighting naturally for {Pci tse"
rutting time.
*
the female, and fometimes wounding one another to death; and this falleth our mot
commonly.in thelatter end of Augufts-at which time 4rdfurusrifeth with the (unne, Sinus
andthen it is nioft naturall for the Hindes to conceiue.: In fome places in October their Opp.
Juftarifeth,andalfo in;May. and then whereas at other times the Males liueapárt from:
the Females, they goc about like lafciuious wooers;feeling the company of theit femals,
yo as it were atthe Market of Venus,
The Males in theirra ging: defired luft, havea peculiar voyce; which the French call Budaus
by.a feigned word Reere,and the Germans Brulen, andthe Latines turne Razcere 3and the:
Beaftes fo affe&ted Ololycones, VV henthey find they Females, the are receiued with feare;,
then in fhort {pace one male will couer many females, continuing in this carnallappetite 4.;. (o...
amonthor two : their females doe fildome admit copulation, being heerein like vnto lation, i
Cowes, by reafon ofthe rigour of the males genitall :and thereforethey {inke downe ow Ariftotle ^.
their Buttockes when they teele the genitall feede,jas it hath beéne often obferued intame
Harts,andifthey canthefemales runne away, the males'ftriuing to holde them backe
with their forefeete: but{urely heerin they differ from all other: it cannot welbefaidthat , |
they are couered ftanding, lying, or going but rather running) for foarethey filled with Ariftotle
greateftcelerity. 01 othe: "1 T lod TO
When one month or fixe Weekes of their rutting is paft,they grow tame againe, lay-
ing afideall fiercenefleand returneto their folitary places; digging euery one of them b
himfelfe a feuerall hole or Ditch, wherein they lie, to afwage the ftronge fauour‘of their
luft, for they ftinke like -Goates, and their face beginneth to Waxe blacker:then at
other times ; and inthofe places they liue, vntillfome fhewers diftill from the'Cloudes 5
after which, they returne to their Pafture againe, and liue in flockes together as be-
The female being thus filled, neuer keepeth company. with the male againe vntillher The chaftty
burthen be deliuered, which is, eyght months 5 forfolong doeth fhe beare heryoung: of hinds and
i
|. 3? before her Caluing, the purgeth hir felfe by eating Sefelis,or Siler ofthe Mountainesand ^77 ng
: ; 3 d agr goe with :
whereas (he neuer purgeth vnüull that time, thenfhe emptieth hir felfe of pituitous and young.’
flegmatike humors. |, £3; ID pw Anfetle.
Thengoe they to the places neere the high waies,and there they caft forth their calfe, 2
(for thecaufes aforefaide) being more afraideof Wilde Beaftes then men, whom fhe can
auoide by flying: which when they haue feene, they goe and eatethe Sefelis aforefaide,
and the skinne which commeth forthof their owne.Wombe couering theyoungoné, c, — |
finding in itfome notable medicine, which the Grecianscal Ghorion, and notthe herbe ide
Arum,and this (he dothbefore fhe lye downeto giue her young one fucke; (as Pliny af
firmeth. ) Nr bay 329 Sk ooitrtiw oth tort
They bring forth butone, or very fildome twaine, which they lodge ina ftable fit for p,
them oftheirowne making, either in fome rocke , or other buíhye inacceffible place 5 co- Aryforle.
ueringthem, and ifthey beftubborneand wilde, beatingthem withtheirfeetevntillthey —
lyeclofeand contented. Oftentimes fhe leadeth forth her young; teachingit to runne Jp
and leape ouer Buthes, ftones, and {mall (hrubs,againftthe timeof daager ;and fo con- The manner
tinuethallthe Summer time; while theirowne ftrength is moft M : but in the howthe hind
Winter time, they leaucand forfakethem, bycaufevall Hartsare feeblein the Wynter educateth
her calfe.
feafon. * Solinus.
- "They liue very long;as by experience hath beene often mentioned ; notonly becaufe The time of
they haueno gall (as the Dolphin hath none) but for other caufes : alfo fomeaffirme,that pum |
so aRauen willliuenincdges ofa man, anda Hart foure ages ofa Rauen : whereunto Veil! Coles
agreeth in thefe verfes ; |
«Sor binis deciefque [uper exit in annos,
Infta fene centum quos implet vita virorum.
- Hos nonies fuperat vinendo garrulacormx-
-- Hestodus.
Et
ETT GT TIT UTERE TU eT MES = aaa aoa mL d a ee ee
gor ee ray ah ee SE ee tea REDI E pe - E:
Seas
ER
—
eT
eee
=
ne
eee IS
ET
~
cae xmas Es
ae
=x
I n
130 The Eiftory of Foure-footed Beafts. —
& Et quateregreditur cornicis faculacerumbo oom oo
- Alipedum ceruum ter vincit cornu : af illumy 6 OP woe
multiplicat nouies Phenix reperabilis ales :- that is,
Asthelifeofa man isthreefcoreand fixe, foaRaug doth liie ninetimes fomany years
( Viz:) 528. yeares. The Hart liveth foure times the age ofthe! Rauen (Viz) 2112.:
yeares. The Crow exceedeth the Hart three times (: Viz) 65 36: butthe! Phenix which?
isrepayred by her owne afhes, fürmounteth the Crow'ninetimes; andfoliueth $7524:
yeares. The which I haue fer downe (not for truth) but for report; leaning jevety reader:
to the chiefeft matter of credit,asin his owne:defcreuon he conceiueth molt proba-!
ble. : WAM Ato uat i5 STIR 233r eC gg
Buried confeffed ofall, that Harts liue a very: long life: for Pliny affirmech; that an
anao, hundredyeares afterthe death of Alexander Maguas;there were'certain taken aliae which’
suu | — hadaboüttlieir Neckes Golden Collars, with an infcription that they were ‘put*on by!
In Calabria (once called Z4pygia and Peucetia) therewasa coller taken off fronithenecke:
Ariete. of Hart. by Agatbocles King of Sicily,which was couered withthe flefh & fatofthe Hart;
and there was writen vpon it, Dismedes:Diane : whereby it was conie&ured;thatit was put:
. onby him before the fiege of Troy : for which caufe, the King brought the fameand did
_ offerit vp.inithe Temple of Jupiter. > srg niieed yi ois10lalsdadaiw
Thelike wasin Arcadia, when Arcefilaus dwelt in Lyco/uras for he confidently affirmed, 26.
Paufanins. thathe fawan old facred Hind,which wasdedicated to Déama,hauingthisin{criptioninhir, — |
Coller : Nebros coon caloon ota es 1lcon en A.gapenor.\When Agapenor was in Troy then was
Iayouhg calfetaken. By whichstappeareth, that a Hartliueth longer then an Elephant,
for indeedeasthey liue long beforethey grow to any perfeétion, their youth-and weak-
(olumelo — neffe cleauing faftvntothem, fo is it giuento them to havea longer life, for continnance
in ripenefleand firength of yeares. i3 510t ui bus 5 sore 319
onmi: ThefeBeaftes are neuer annoyed with feuers, becaufe their (e(h allayethalladuenti-
Thefickmes tialland extraordinary heate. If he eateSpiders he inftantly dyeth thereof, except he eate
= xi. jn E = Se ae S = =e - " = ^ = -—À = s: <> E = -— - N- a «
Be VS gia INN e M ME a LEE ee ee ee SS ee oS e i NA
: <a ORS ee SERRE ee ec eo ce semen ee ee ie ea LR = Lu e uu E E E RE : a
ofHats: alfo Wilde: Iuy or Seáscrabs.. Likewifey Nauew-gentill and Oleander, kill:the Hart.
Gif, ^ WWhenaHartisin his chafe; heis greatly pained arhis bowels, by’reafon’ thatthe skynné 2o
Ll. Whereinthey lieis very:thin and weake, and apt to be broken withany final ftroke;and for
Arifale, this caufehe often flayethto eafe himfelfe. noch av dose qreususdlesstotie
po. There isa kindofthorne called eacus, wherewithallifa young one be pricked in hislegs;
"^ hisbones will neuer make Pipes : Befides, thefe Beaftesare annoyed with Scabsand y t-
ches ín their head and skinne, termed by the French by a peculiar name ( Frayer) Ewilnot
ftand vpon theidle conceiteof A/bertus, that wafpes and Emmetsbreed inthe heades of
p , Harts; for he miftaketh them for the wormes before mentioned.
jp eh -«— The skinnes of this beaft arevfed for garments infome Countries, and in moft pla-
puts. ces for the bottoms of Cuíhions, and therefore they-chufe fuchas are killed in the fum-
e mer time, whenthey are fat and moft fpotted ; and the fame hauing their haire pulled 4e
Hn from them, are vfedfor Breeches, Buskins, and gloues. Likewife P/zy and Sextus af-
^ firmed , thatifa manfleepe onthe ground hauing vppon hima Harts skinnes Serpents
Sind neueranoy him : whetof Serenus mado this verfe : Aur tu cerMina per notftem fn pelle qui-
efcis :and theibones of young; onesareapplied for: making of Pipes. Itis reported, that
the blood of Harts burned together with herbe-dragon, orchanes orgamentjandmaftick
| haue the! fame powet to draw Serpents out oftheir holes, whichthe Harts’ hauebe-
ing aliue:and ifthere be put vnto it wilde Pellitory, it will alfo diftract and diffipace them
againc. EL GL
: : The marrow ofa Hart hath thefame poweragainftSerpents;by oyntmentor perfu-
Diofeorides med vpon coales; and Nicander preícribeth a certaine oyntment to be madeofthe flefh se
~ of Serpents; ofthe marrow ofa Hart, and Oyles of Rofes;againftthe bitings of Serpents.
. The fat ofa Hart hath the like effe&sthat the marrow hath. Achillesthat Noble fouldier,
~ wasfaid neverto hauetafted of Mille, but tobe nourifhed with the marrow of Harts, by
Chiro,as is affirmed by Varinus and Etymologus. The like operation hath the tooth (as Se-
venus {aith) Aut genere ex tpfodentem partabris amicum: Ifthe the feede ofa young Hinde-
Calfe
Ofthe Hartand Hinde. 131
pg drunke with veniger, itfuffereth no poyfon of Serpentes to enter into the body
that . "
Th <perfume of the horne driueth away Serpents and noyfome flyes, efpecially from
the young Calues, or from horfes if Vomens haire beadded thereunto, with the hoofe Aehanus,
ofthe Hart. And if men drinke in pots wherein are wrought Harts hornes, it willweaken C2.
| all force of venom. “The Magicians haue allo deuifed, that ifthe fat ofa Dragons hart be Palladius
| beund vp in the skinne ofaRoe, withthe Nerues ofa Hart, it promifeth victory to him je
that beáreth it on bis (houlder; and that ifthe teeth be fo bound in aRoes skinne, it ma- p prs
keth ones Maifter, Lord, or allfuperior powers, exorable and appeafed toward their Sob.
|. zo feruants and füitors ; Orpheus in bis booke of tones, commaundetha husband to carry a- Albertus
bout hina Hartshorne, if he will liue in amity and concord with his wife: to conclude, (ardanus,
Aa 4
they alfo adde another figment to make men inuindbles — 75060 sho! |
THiehead and taileofa Dragon, withthe haires of a Lyon taken from betweene the
browes,and his marrow, the froath or white-mouth of aviGtorious Horfe, thenailes ofa
Dogge,and the Nerues ofaHart and a Roe, bound vp altogether in a Harts skin: and
| __ this isastrue asthe wagging ofa Dogges taile doth fignifiea te mpeft. To leaue thefe tri-
Bes fearce worthy to be rehearfed, but onely to (hew the vanity of men, giuenouerto
lying Bus ; let vs come to the other naturall and medicinall properties not as yet
| touched. ; 3: fe Sharer war in se 15lsibns 5
Use Theflefnofthefe Beaftes in their ruttingtime fmelleth ftrongly like a Goats,the which phe yreand
thing isby Blondus attributed alfo tothe fleth of the females with young, Iknownot how benefit of th:
truely; but Lam furethat hauc knowne certaine Noble women, which every morning scar
did eatc this &e(h, and during the time they did fo, they neuer were troubled with Ague:
and this vertue they holde the ftronger, ifthe Beaft in dying, haue receiued but one
=
SS a
Co eee -
MEE Iu oc n SN IT
mn * ¥ RE
FON EE dn. uu ER
wound. MEL jnyore
“The flefh istender ; efpecially if the beaft were libbed before his hornes grew: yet is Eon 1 1
not the iuyce ofthat fleth very wholefome;and therefore Galen aduifech men to abftaine 46 ; Spem
asmuch from Harts flefh,asfrom A flesyforit en gendereth melancholy, yetis it better in ü
Summer then in Winter. Simeon Seths {peaking of the whot Countries; forbiddeth to j
I| 30 eatethemin Summer, becaufe then they eate Serpents and fo are venemous's which fal- es br
eth not out in colder Nations, and therefore affigneth them rather to be eaten in VVinter "rt PR
time, becaufethe concoctiue powers are more ftronger through plenty ofinwardheate, — m
but withalladmonifheth,that no man vie to eate much ofthem,for it will breede palfies B i |
and trembling in mans body, begetting groffe humors, which {top the Mele and Lyuer: | p il
and Auicenne proueth, that by eating heereof men incur thequartane Ague ; wherefore tmm
itis good to pouder them with falt before the dreffing,andthen feafoned with pepper & 1
other things, knowneto euery ordinary cooke and woman, they make of them paftiesin ; 4
tnoftnations. © hired | Tete uA
The Hart andbraine ofa hare or Cony haue the power oftriaclefor expelling of e- |
"i uillhumors, but the liuer is intollerablein foode : the hornes being young are meate for sg au
4? princes, efpecially becaufe they auoide poyfon. It wasa cruell thing of King Ferdinand, Ae T
that caufed the young ones to be cut out ofthe Dams belly and bakedin paftils;for his Li- MIN |
quorous Epicureall appetite. | | | v5 5! " SCRI E
The wholenature and difpofition of every part of this beaft,is againft poifon and ve-
nemous things (as before recited. ) His blood ftayeth the loofeneffe of the belly and all The medi-
fluxes, efpecially fryed with oyle,and the inferior parts annoynted therewith, and being d of D |
drunke in Wine it is good againftpoyfoned woundes jndallintoxications. |: ^^ mon Uem T |
The marrow of this beaft is moft approueable aboueother, andis vied for fweete o: P/zy BRUN.
Diofcorides, MIR
olimus
| dour, again the gout, and heate of men in ‘confumptions, andall outward painesand
9| 50 weakeneffe,as Serenws comprifed in one fentence faying: ;
T: Et ceruina poteft mulcere medulia rigorem, n
igorts. st ad
Likewifethe fat and marrowe, mollifieth or difperfeth all bunches inthe fleth and olde d e RN
fwellings ; all vlcers except in the fhinnes and legges, and with Venus-naüill the Fiftula; j i
mattery vicersin the cares withRozen, Pitch, Goofe-greace; and Goat-fewet, the clea- :
E uing
MAT TT
P
Ev ra REDE
—
-
desc
-w
k
m
I
Marcellus
Pliny.
Sextus
Marcellus
Sextus
Marcellus
Galenus
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
uing ofthe lips: and with Calues fewer the heate and paine in themoüthand iawes.Ithiath
alfovertue being drunke in warme water,to afwage the paine in the bowels and final guts,
orbloody flixe. | U*3uiib: |
The gall ofa Bull, Oyle of bayes, Butter, and this martow, by annoynting, cureth
paine in the knees andloynes and other euils in the feateofa man, inthe hipps, and.in the
belly when it is coftiue : It procureth. flowers of Women, cureth the goute, pimples in
onesface,and ringwormes, Ab/yrtus prefcribeth itto be giuen in fweeté Wine with waxe,
vntoahorfe foran old cough proceeding of cold, after purging and heating; by hold-
ing the Horffes tounge in ones hand while the medicine is thruft downehisthroat. .——.
The fame in fheeps Milke with rubricke and foft Pitch, drunke euery day oreatento
yout meate, helpeth the ptificke, and obflru&ions. Avatolias approued, beane meale
fifted and fod with Harts marrowto be giuen toa horfe which ftalleth blood, forchree
daies together. Alfo mingled with the poulder of Oyfter-(hels, it cureth kibesand chil.
blanes. A woman perfumed with the haires of this beaft, is preferued fromabortements 5
and the fame perfume helpeth the difficulty of vrine, and little pieces cut off from the
hide witha pummife putin wine,and rubbing the body, helpeth the holy-fire.The pouder
ofthe bones burned, is an antidote again ft the falling euill,and the difperfing ofthe melts
and the bonesbeatento poulder, ftayeth the fluxe of the belly. 5
It were endleffe to deícribe al the vertues afcribed to the horne and thereforeI will
Io
content my felfe with the recital of few. Plny and Solinus preferre the right horne,Aviffo- 20
tle the left, and the fpires or tops are more medicinable then the hard and folide ftemme,
but the hornes found inthe Woodes loft by the beaftes and growne light are good for
nothing. The other haue their vies bothraw and burned, which may be thefe that fol-
low. : i i |
Take the horneand cut it into fmal pieces, then put it into an earthen potannoyn-
ted within with durt, and fo fet it in'd furnace vntillitbecome White, then wafh itlike a
mineralland it will helpe the runnings and vlcers in the eies:and the famealfo keepeth
the teeth white, and the gums found. The young:hornes while they be foft being eaten;
are an antidote againithenbane, and other poyfonfull herbes. The right horne hid by
the Hart in the earth is goodagainít the poyfon of Toades. The Harts horne hath po- 3°
wer to dry vp all humors, and therefore it is vfed in eiefalues : and Orpheus promifeth toa
bald man haire on his head againe, if he annoynt it with oyle and poulder of thishorne *
likewife the fame with the feede‘of blacke mirtle, Butter and Oyle, reftraineth the
falling away of the haire being annoynted vpon the head after itis newly fhauen: with vi-
neger itkilleth ringwormes. The fame burned in the funne, and afterward the face bein
rubbed and wathed therwith thricetogether, taketh away pimples-fpots out of the face:
the poulder drunke in wine or annoynted on the headkilleth lice and nits : the fame with
vineger, wine, or oyle of rofes, annoynted vpon the forehead, eafeth the head-acheif it
proceedeofcold. | | | | !
A perfume made of this horne with Cafforeum and lime, or Brimftone, caufetha dead 49
child ftrangled in his mothers wombe to come forth If the horne be taken rawand rub-
bed vponthe gums, keepeth thecheekes from allannoyance ofthe tooth-ache,and fafte-
neth the loofe teeth, as Sereneus {aid :
4 Quod vero alfumpfit nomen de dentefricando
: Ceruino ex cornu cinis eft.
Galen prefcribeth the poulder of this horne for the Iaundife, and fot him that fpitterh
bloody matter, and to ftay vomit being taken ina reete Egge. Itcomforteth alfoa rheu-
matike ftomach, and itis tryed to curethe Kinges euill: it pacifieththe melt, dryeth the
Spleene, driueth all kind of Wormes outofthe belly, being drunke with Hony, and ea-
feth the chollyck;expelleth away mothes, helpeththe ftrangury, & the paine inthe blad- 5°
der, ftaieth fluxes in women both whit and red : being mingled with barly meale, water,8
twigs of Cedar: befide many other fuch properties.
Theteares of this beaftafter fhe hath beene hunted witha Serpent, are turned into a
a ftone (called Belzahard ,or Bezahar) of which we haue fpoken before: and being thus
tranfubftantiated doe cure all manner of venom (as Aucnzoar and Cardimall Ponzetti
affirme)
()
ws D
d o "T
TI o- ]
" NI
da = : E
i5] fs
B- da =
"9 | p
, B [93 *& 1 ;
EM — —— Eu aries 2 omnia see SS a ee ——— ee eS
Of the Hart and Hinde. .. I
affirme) after many trials, and Serenws alfo expreflethin this diftichon:
i Seminecis cerut lachryman mifcere liquort
| » Conuenit atque artus illine mifcerecalentes. W |
Theliuer ofthis beafthelpeth all foresin the feete, being worne in the fhooes, the fame
dried to pouder with the throat or wind-pipe ofthe beattjandiningled with Hony, aud
fo eater-helpeth the Cough, Ptificke, fighing,and (hort breathing; Plizyand Sextus at-
firme, that whena Hind perceiuech her felfe co be with young; (liedeuouteth or eateth
vpa certaine ftone, whichis afterward found either in her excrements or ventriclejand is
profitable for all VWVornenwith childe and in t rauell; for by chatonely fa@t, the Hindeis
40 moft fpeedily delivered without great paine; and fildome or neuer futtering abortments
and thereisalfo alittlebone found fhthe heart ofenery one of thefe beaftes; which pers
formeththe fame qualities; inftead whezeo£they haue fuch a tliingeto fellat esee; hol 7,
ding it ata great price: but Bra aneléaffitmeth;that be opened the hearts of two Harts,’ .
and found in them a little griftlenormuch vnliketo a croffe, whereof the one being ofà
Beaftnewkilled, was very foft;butcheother wasm uch harderjbecaufe the beaft was flain
about fix daies before. RAW HTD HT ANAT AN ig. SEO)
This bone is in the left fide of the Hart, vpon which, the Spleene mouethiand fendeth
forth her excrements by vapours, which by reafon of their drines are there turned intoa
bone, and being firfte of all of the {ubftaunce of the Hartes bloodes and ‘itis good
20 againftthe trembling of thé Hart}:andthe Hemorrhoides, but this bone cannot bee
/
4
- found inany, except he be killed betwixt the middle of Auguft and the twelfth of Sep-
tenioer. SUE 9r B0 930307 TA " : i;
The skinny feed ofthe hind-Calfe,is aboueallotbercommended againft poifon,and
thebitings of Serpents and of mad Dogges ; likewife it ftayethal fluxes of blood,and fpit-
ting of blood, and egeftion of blood : & it being eaten with Beets and Lentils, is profita-
ble againft the paine ofthebelly:The genitall partand ftones, are wholfome (being taken:
in wine Jagainttall bitings of VipersyAddets,and Snakes;and the famevertue hath the fas
turall feed fupped vp in arere Bgge. © dar. ilo «ital to nola
"Thesenitall hathalfoa vertue to encreafe luft in euery creature, it being either dryed
o and drunke; or elfe bounde faftto their priuy parts." Likewifebéing wafhed inwater, and
afterward driedto pouder,and fo drank helpeththe chollick,and the difficulty of making
water;jf you put it into a little Triacle. i gni civlogo
The dung of Harts cureth the dropfie, efpecially ofa Subulon or young Hart:thevs — *
rine éafeth the painein the Spleene; the wind in the ventricleand bowels, and infvfed in-
to theeares, healeth their vicers.Inthe tip of the taile lieth poyfon, which being drunke,
caufeth extafie and death, ifit be not holpe by avomit made of Butter, Annife,and oyle
of Se[amine,or as Cardinal Ponzett us faith thatthe Harts eie is an Antidote tothis euil :
It may be knowne by ayellowifh-greene-colour; and therefore it is calledthé gall, for
nature hath - appointed that place to receiue all the venome of the .whole ‘Box
die.
Wad
Platerias,
? Ofthehun-
I fhould heere end the difcourle'of this beat after the method already obferued inthe ting andta~
king thefe
precedents : but feeing the manner of the raking heeréof (being a {port for princes) hath. 175.
yetbin touched but very little, ic (hall not betedious vatome, toabftaine from the ne-
ceffary relation of the fubfequent ftories, forthe delightfull narration of the hunting of
the Hart: tothe endthatastheformer treatifehath but taught how to know-a Birdeina
buth, chat which infueth may declare the (eueral waies of catchingand bringing the fame
tohand. dri ; shi ! :
Thisis a beaft ftanding amazedat euery ftrangefight, euen at the hunters bow and Ar-
rowe, comming behinda ftalkin Horfle (as isalready declared) and moreouer, like as
the Róes are deceiaed by the'hiffing of aleafe in themouth of the hunter, fo alfo isthis
M Beaft, for while (he harkeneth toa ftraunge noyfe, imitating the cry ofa Hind-Calfe,and
proceedingfrom one man, fhee receiuetha deadly fttoke by the other: fo alfo ifthey
heare any muficall pipings, they ftand ftill to their owne deftcu&tion : for which cud the
Ls. [20109 alor n n i :ByP-
Le Sg eee ms
ined Merit
Le ee T qué d:
—
54.
Horus.
An hietogli-
hicall em-
blem,
P9 3/7779 ^
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Egyptians deciphera man ouerthrowne by flattery, by painting a Hart taken by mufick :
and Varro relateth vpon his own knowledge, that whenhe fuppedin his Lord(hip bought
of M. Pifo, the Pafiour or Fotrefter after fupper, tooke buta Harpe in his hande, and at
the found thereof, at innumerable flocke of Harts, Boares, and other fourefooted beafts
came about their Cabanet, being drawne thither onely by the Muficke infomuchas he
thought he had beene imthe Romane Circus or Theater,beholding the playing fpectacles
of allthe African beafts, when the edthax Officers haue their huntin gs: Thelike isalfo
reported by Aelianus, {auing that headdeth, that no toyle or engineis fo aflured or yna-
uoidable to draw thefe beafts withinalaborinthas is muficke, whereby the Hunter get-
teth as it werethe Hart by the eare, for if through attention he hold downe his earesas he
doth in muficke, he diftcufteth no harme,but if once he prick vp his eares as he common-
ly doth,being chafed by men and dogges, an infinite labour will not be fufficient to ouer
take and compaffe him. It is reported that they are much terified with the fight of red fea-
| thers, which thing is affirmed by 44/onims in thefe verfes::
Zenophon
Vinbria me-
tuiter ab m-
faucibus afe
vis rubeus
penna.
"An cum fratre vagos dumetaperauia eeruos
Circundas maculis, cr multaindagine penna,
- And Ouid alfo faying:
Nec formidatis ceruos ineludite pennis.
And Lucanalío:
Sic dum pauidos formidine ceruos
XC laudat odorata metuentes aera penna... - LU
Of which thing the Hunters makeaa aduantage, for when they hauefound the beaft,
they fet their ne:tes where they imagine the beaft will lie, andtheri oneofthemíheweth
tothe beaft onthe other fide, the red feathers hanging ona rope, which fearreth themin
haftinto the Hunters nettes, asS. Ierom teftifieth in one of his dialogues faying : Er pa-
widorum mereceruorum, dum vanos pennarum euitatis volatus fortifümis retibus implicamins.
And you fayth he (fpeaking to the Luceferian heretickes ) runne away from the vaine fna-
king of feathers, like the fearefull Harts, while in the meanetime youare inclapfedinvn-
auoidableand inextricable nets. And this caufed Sencca towrite, thatthe babe featetha
fhadow,and wilde beaítsa red feather. -- EN :
. Many times the young Calfe is the caufe ofthe taking of his damme : for the Hanter
early inthe morning before daylight, watcheth the Hinde where theelayeth her young
one; vntill fhe goc and refreth her felfe with pafture ; when he hath feene this, then doeth
he let loofe his Dogs,and makethto the place where the Hinde Calfe was lefte by his mo-
ther. . |
The feely Calfelyeth immoueableas ifhee were faftened to the earth, and fo neuer
ftirring, but bleating and braying fuffereth himfelfe to beetaken, except there be rainie
weather, forthe impatience of coldeand weite will caufe him to (hift for bimfelfe : which
it itfall out, the Doggesare athand to ouertake him, andfo being takenis committed to
the keeper ofthe nettes.
The Hinde both hearing & feeing the thraldome of her pore fonne, commethto re-
lieue him without dread of hounde or Hunter, butall invaine, for with his darte heealfo
b pofleffech himfelfe of her : but if the Cálfe be greater and fo bee abletorunne withthe
defcribedby Zenophon and Pollux, and is called in Grecke Podeffrale, in Latine Pedica,of
dammeamong the heardes, they are moft hard to be taken, for in chat agethey runne ve-
ry faft,and thefeire of Dogges increafeth their agilitieinfomuch as to take them among
the heards is impoffibleeuery one fighting for them. itigspion
But the only way 1s to fingle one out of them from the flock and fo follow him vntill he
beweary,foralthough he be very nimble, yet by rcafon of his tender age,his limbes are
notableto continue long. The elder Harts aretaken in {nares and gins laid in ditches and
couered with leaues, whereby the feet of this beaft are fnared in wood ; this kind is de-
whichalfo the Poets make mention, as Virgil :
- Tune gruibuspedicas el vetia ponere ceras.
Andthiskind is better defcribed by Graz, with whofe wordes I will paffe it ouer asa
thing out of vc. :
Nam
Ie
2G
39
49
5,9
20
30
E
Spe
50
_ Ofthe Hart and Hinde.
Nam fuit & laqueis aliquiscurracibus vfus.
| Cerutno iffere magis conterereneruo
Quidque dentatas iligno robere clanfit :
Sape babet imprudens alieni lucralaboris
Fraus tegitinfidias babitu mentitaferine
Venator pedicas tu difimulantibus armis. |
125
Theirmanneris when they are chafed with Doggesto rume away with fpeed, yet often- :
times ftand (til and lookebacke; not onely to harken to the hunter, but alfoto reft them-
felües;for in their chafethey.ate cuertroubled intheir belly (asis before. declared, ) and.
xo forhetime they grow foweary ; thacthey ftand ftill, and are pierced with arrowes, Íome-
times they runne till they fall downe dead, fometime they take themfeluesto the water.
andfoare refte(hed, orelfe to aubide the teeth of Dogs, they forfake the drye land, and
perifhin the floods, or el(e by that meanes efcapefcorfree: wherefore it muft be regar-
ded by euery good hunter to keepehim from the waters, either among the woods,or o-.
ther rough places. -. ^. d; TELE |
But heerin the {ubtility ofthis beaftappeareth, that when he is hunted he runneth for
theméftpartrothe high waies,tharfo the fauour of his fteps may be put out by the trea-
dingsofmen; and he avoid the profécution of the Hound. Their {wiftnes is fo great, that
inthechampaigneandplainefields they regard not Dogges, for which caufein Fraunce
.
Albertus.
they poyfon Arrowes with an bearbe called Zenicww or Toca, anditisakinde of Aconite.
or VWolfe:bane, which hath powerto corruptand deftroy agility of body, and to ftay ce-
lerity;and for their hunting in Franceby Dogs, itis moft excellently defcribed by Bude-.
usarid Robertus Stephanasin his French dictionary. | i bsicl
"This wild, déceitfullandfubtillbeaft, (fay they) by windings andturnings do often de-
ceiuetheir hunter, as the Harts of Meandros dying fró the terrible cry of Dianaes hounds,
wherefore the prudent hunter muft frame his Dogges, as Pithagaras did his Schollers,
(Laners qui ne parlent paint) with words of Art, to fet them on, and take them off againe
at his pleafure; wherefore he muft firftof all com paffe in the bealt, ( Em fongiffe) in her,
own lodging,and lo raife her vp in the fight of the dogs, that fo they: may neuer loofe her.
footing: n | Ei e
Neither muftthey fet vpponeuery one, either of theheard,or that wandereth folitary,
alone, nor yet alittle one, but partly byafpe& or fight, and partly by their footings inthe
foft earth ;andalfo by their dung (Zesfumees) they iudge of their game;for agood wood-
man muftnot fticke to gather vp the Deeres excrement or foile,andkeepe them (la trom-
pe)in his hunting horne : fuchthings muftthekinges huntimen and forrefters obferue,
asalfothe quantity of his bed orlodging when they find it, being thüs informed of their
game then Di/coupler les chieus) they take off their Dogge couplings, and {ome on horf-
back, other on footfollowthe cry witlygreateft art, obferuation,and fpeed,remembring
and prénentiig (Cer fruze) the fubtileturninges, and headinges ; of the Hart, firaining
withall dexterity to leape hedge, pale, ditch, and rocks neither fearing thornes,woods, |
downe-liils;butprouidingafre(h.horffe in cafe their firft tire, (Chenanx de relatis) and
leaping on him with fpcede, vntill he fee (vm grand cerf leefcuy er du grand cerfy the great
Hart hauing ten fp ceres enhishornes,and hislittlefquier-bartto attend him; which the
Dogs once perceiuing, onely follow the great Hart, taking fora prohibition tofallowe
ànicother. .. [B»uissethrdvor 5n toi niic:
- "The Doggesareanimated by the winding of horns, and voices ofthe hunters, like fol-
diours toa battell by thevoiceofa trumpet and otherinftruments : but fometimes the
crafty great beaftfendeth forth his little fquire to befacrificedto the Dogs and hunters
inftead of himfelfe, lying clofein themeane time, then muft the retreat be founded, and
(Rompré le chrevs) the dogs be broken off and taken in (Ze lirmrer) that is, leame agairie vn-
till they be brought to the fairer game, who arifethin feare and rage, betaking himfelfe
to his fureftlegges, being purfued withall the cries ofhunters, ringing and ecchoing
betwixt heauen and earth, difmaying him with. the continual noyfe in his eares,
no leffe dreadefull and /fearefull then the voyce of a paffing bell to a ficke man,
| N 2 Vt or
—————
is
Zt
AS
S
As
“is
y
n " M
dig oL
136 |
- The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beats.
ot the fight of the executionertoa condemned caitife; yet ftill he fiziuéth vntill wearied
and breathleffe, he be forced to offer vp his blood and fleth to the rage ofal the obferuant
pediffequants of the hunting goddefle Diana, > 30> >. sh
The vulgar fort call an olde Hart a fubtile and cunning Beaft, but thenobles call him
(cerf faze) a wife Hart, whoto auoideall his enemies runneth into the greateít heards,
and {obringetha cloud of error'vpon the Dogges, tokeepe themfrom any further pro-
fecütion : Someume alfo beating of fome.of the heard into his ownefoot{teps,that fohe
may more eafily efcape and: procure alaborinth to the Dogges, and then after:a Tiulé
while he betaketh himfelfeto his heeles againe, running ftill withthe wind; not onely for
refrigeration, but becaufe he may the more eafily hearethe voice ofhis purfuers; whe- 1e
ther they be far or neere. , hasrij
Aclaft, being (forall this) found outagaine by the obferuance ofthe hunters; and skill
ofthe Dogges; he flyethinto the heardes of Cattell, as Kye, Oxen, or Sheepe, leaping
vpon an Oxe,and laying his body or the fore-partthereof vpon him, as aryder.vpon a
Horffe, that fo touching the earth onely with his hinder hoofes, to leaue a very {mall or
no fentat all behind for the Hounds todifcerne. ^-^ ^ id 1551! 35
- The chiefe huntfman or feargeant of the houndes vnto Lewes thé twelfth, called (Je
grand veneur) affirmed, that ona time they hauinga Hartin chafe, fuddenly the houndes
fellat a fault, fo as the beaft was outof fight, and nota Dog wouldonce:ftirre his footes
whereat all the hunters wereamazed, likeas in fome iugling Appolloniantrick, as though 2e
the hart had cleane forfaken the earth, and with the wings of fome foule had beneflewme
away soras ifthe earth had opened. her mouth toreceiue himinto her prore@ien, and
had clofed againe ouer her heade, or elfe (ome Witchcraft had caft a mifte before the
Dogges andhunters eyes : Atlaft, by cafting about (as itis viuall infuch cafes) they
founde the fraud of the horned beaft, whichis worth the memory. :
There was a great whit-thorne which grew ina fhadowie fleepe placeas high asa tree;
and was inuironed with other fmall fhrubs about it;into the which the faid hartleapt, and
there ftood aloft che boughes fpreading from one another, and there he remained, whe-
ther becaufe he could not get off againe, or elfe for that he was ftifled in that place, but
furely he was there thruftthorough andfo dyed, and fo had they all rather perith anye 30
other way ‘then by the teeth and tearing in pieces of angry and greedy Hounds.
— Yettheir maneris, that when they feethemíelues eucry whereintercepted, to make
forceat him with their hornes that commeth firft vnto him, excepthebe preuented b
fomefwordorfpeare 5 which being done,the hunter with his horn foundeththe fal of the
beaft,and then euery one approcheth, luring with triumph for fuch a conqueft,ofwhom
the skilfulleft openeth the beaft,giuing vnto the hounds fuch parts as belongeth to them,
for their incouragement againft another time; andforthat purpofe the hunters dippe
bread inthe skinne and blood of the beaft,to giue vnto the hounds their ful fatisfa@tion:
and many fuch other things may the reader defirousof this knowledge finde in the Au-
thors aforefaide,to whome I will commendehim rather, then {pend moretime in this 49
bufines, better manifefted by experience, then by any written document, yet I woulde .”
with men to befparing in this exercife, feeing it hath beene fildome found thata man gis
uen to hunting, but he perifhedin his pleafure as Aon did by his owne Dogges: and
therefore Alciatus dothfitly compare togither hunters and receiuers of theeusand rob4
bers, calling them new A&zons ; who after they had receiued horns, muftbe deftroyed
by their owne Dogges which they haue nourifhed. The beft vfe of thefe beaftesis to keep
them tame as in Helwetia, where they hunt feldom,andto make good vfeof them forne- ~
rifhment rather then for fport, as itis reportedofaholy man, whokeptahinidfo famili- |
ar with him, that inthe wildernes he lined vpon her milke. . shi
Concluding thisdifcourfe with the words ofthepoet, for theinftru&tion of Dogsto se
this paftime andthe pra&ife ofthe beafts.
Veloces Spartacatulos; acremque moloffum, Dr
Pafce fero pingui che. Andagaine.
monte[queperaltos
Ingentem clamore premes ad retiacernum.
confer-
3
Of Dogges. 137.
Confertoqueaguiine | cerui
Torpent smolemoua c (ummis vix cor nibus extant.
Hos non immifsis canibus, nou cafsibas llis,
Punicsue agitent pauidosformidinepenna :
Sed frufira oppofitum trudentes pect ore montem.
Communus obtruncant ferra,graniterque rudentes
Cadunt, Gr magno lati clamore reportant,
fila Die ON my)
i"
Erodetus in his fourth book affirmeth, that among the Affrican Shepherds- — |
| NEP xd towardethe Haft, there arc bredde in Baffaria. Hyftriches wilde Rammes,
| Is (a ‘Thoes and Dyctyes, of which laft there is notany mention among all other >>
mM | Wesa)\| writers, exceptin Partus and He/ychius, who affirme that among the Lace- ER
| Waza Jemonians a Glead or Kite was called Dyé#is, butthis fpoken of Herodotus '
I cenie&ure to be fome four-footed beaft,being led with no other reafon then that the
other with whomhe placeth it;are generaly known to be creaturs of that kind and nature :
wherefore I thought good to expreffe the name of itin this place , defiring the reader to
2@ accept fo much thereofas is already knowne ,andto fearch farther for the defcription
of it, atthe handes ofthem who are cie-witnefles ofthe wonders of 74//7ica.
E OF THE DOGGE
In generall.
SSE Se etc rien ee
arii ansa e a
Doggeis called in Hebrew Keleb and Lamas accordingto .) oy
j
Muniter :in Caldee Kalba ; in Arabique Kalbe,in Perfia $465. qerisacion |
The Sátacens Kep or Kolph: the Grecians Kuen. becaufeof thereef. ji
his loueto man, and vulgarly at this day Skilesand Skwle:the |
Medians Space, the Germanes Hund, the Italians Canes The m
French Chien, the Spaniardes. Perro or cauepde, becaufe his VU oh
barking isaslowdas an Attificiallfong salfocatellus,thell- — ..... iub
lyrians Pesor Pas, andtheLatinesCams.- 720007 707 The ceftries EY
Thereis no region or countrey in the world; wherethefe 354 diuerh- D
iE are not bred infome fore, as (hall be declared afterwardein "^ eles a
the particular difcourfe of euery kind of Dogges.For as {hall be manifefted moreatlarge, |
| thereare Dogges very great, fome for hunting; fome for Warreand defence,fomefor — «.- 1
the Bore, Bull,or Bear, {ome for the Hare, Cony jor Hedge-hog : againe fome are{mals who Vi
ler whichare called Hounds, Braches, Beagles, Shepheardes, Dogges, Houfe-curres; NUS
| 4o Spagnelsboth fortheWaterand Land: and fome foyftiag Doggesfor the pleafureof. a
| ' the rich, a = AE . |1r23 1-3 The general
| - Inthefirft placethereare to be handled the nature of Dogges in generall, wherein
they agree,and their common properties of nature, {uchas are not deftroyed in the de-
ftin&ion of kindes, butremaine likeinfallible and invariable traths in euery kinde and
country oftheworld.To begin withthat whichis outward, itis to be obferued that Dogs |
| are generally rough, and their haire indifferently long (which in winter they loofe euery Theirout-
yeare) is (igncofa good conflitutions butif it grow ouer long, the mangiefcab will fol- Den
low: theoutward propottion oftheheadaltereth as thekind altereth jbeing fometime like: 57,
a Lyon, fometimelikea Hedge-hog, {ome long witha broad {nowt,andfometime with A feerét in”
o apikedfnowt, but thebraine decreafeth and incteafeth with the moon, there is no'come the braine,
miffure or feame in his {cull (likeas isina mans) butitis a continued bone without fepe-
ration inward or out-ward. . 5 i a:
- Thebeft Dogshaue flat Noftrils, yet round, folide,and blunt, the mouth islong and ,
flit; their teeth like faws,as itis in fi(hes and Serpents:thofe which are caid Canyne before;
are only changed, asit alfo falleth out ina Lyon, & thefe they loofe orchangeboth pé t] 1
X N3 an i
nature of dtd
dogs.
WY 4 41/2 4 e.
TAN 05
EN ) ee SM ^
: | T I 4 2!
; aap is 7
fy
Fill
H
"D
NES
22242 -17.
^
yay
— SN S,
Dm Mes "
WE )
aS.
BIN
andfemalesinthe fourth moneth oftheir age :about which time, they haue new ones
comes forth tothruft off their old, by their teeth is their age difcerned;for while they are
ky, they betokenthe elderage. > - P fa e PSI
The breaftofa Doggeis narrowand piked, his ventriclefimalland narrow, for which
. caufe he neuer eafeth his bodily excrements without paine, his bowels are like a Lyons :
He hatha long fpleenelikea man, anda Hogge: his yard and ftones hange outward be-
tweenchis hinderlegges, abafe natured curre ftrikech his taile betwixt his leg ges, his
fore-legges bend like thearmes of aman, andhe vfeththem in ftead of Armes, hauing
Ariffotle, — fiuediftinckt fingers, commonly called clawes vponeach foote before; andfoure vpon
Blonds, —eachfootbehind, which alfo haucftraightnailes vpon them, and that. which hangeth
Py. highervponthe legiscrooked. Xr asd brio)
Ariftetle.
Phy.
| LIC, bellies great paps, with many fpeanes to fucke at, in a double ranke or rowon both fides,
i T and the generousbitches baue xii. other but x: They beate their young within their belly
» next to the midriffe,their fimeis dry like a wolfes;& therby his temperamentisknownto
i WE | behotand dry, confidered in it felfe,but compared with othersit varieth, for to a mans;
RUN Galen. itis dry toan Emmets, itismoift: Agatne,in refpe& of a man itis hot, in refpe& ofa
i | ^ Lyonitiscold. : | bet 25: / jar
! Thevoiceof The louderand thriller voice ofa Dogge, is called barking, thelower and ftiller js cal.
n D pees led whining,or fawning: It wasa monfttous thing, thata Doggé fhould fpeake;and a fer-
" Pig. pent barke, as it isbeleeued in antiquity both came to paffe, when Tarquinits was driven
B. ~*~ eutofhiskingdome.Itis not caufeleffethatthe batking of Dogges; hath attributed vnto
io it diuers qualities, as for a man to dreame ofthe fame,prefageth fometreafonableharme
ie Artemidorus BY enemies, fo likewife ifthey fawne and claw vponaman. .bisw-300 3 i di
Among the precedent tokens of Cefars death; they fet downelin certainé verfes, the
howling voices of Ouls,the weeping drops ofthe Iuory tree, andthe continuall barkings:
of Dogges;sfolloweth: | let ots ai ec; lay!
Triftis
3
5
o
- $9
white and (barpe, itaffureththe youth ofa Dogge; but when they grow blackith or dus- 3o
' Thefemales, becaufe they bring forth many whelpés atatime; haüe vn derneáth their 42
9
"T
~~ Of Dogges. | 139
rifliannlle locis flygine dedit omnia bubo,
mille locis lachrymautt ebar.
Inque foro circunque damos cr templa deorum
Nocturno vlulalfecanesferunt : Cre. TEURE
The Egyptians fignifie thefe chinges bya Dog, a Scribe, a Prophet, a fplene, {melling, lau
ghing,and neezing. A Scribe, becaufcas the Dog is filent more then hebarketh;fo moft
aperíe& Scribe meditate more thenhe {peaketh : for to barke at euery one were to plea- Te :
_fure none, andtofpeake continually, werea figne of madnes : Againe;a Prophet becaufe call deferip=
a Dogge doth molt eagerly behold,andadmire conftantly all holy aétions, and fo ought tions.
1o the cies and cares of aProphet be attendant vpon heauenly things. The Sp/eese becaufe
a Dogge hathlittle or no fpleene,andthereofcommeth his madnes and death ; whereof’
alfo it commeth that the feruants which hauethe charge of Dogges, being with them in:
| their ficknes and latter end, for the moft part prooue {plenaricke. Smelling; neezing, and
| Laughing, becaufe the {pleenaticke can doe none ofall thefe; butofthis more: afters:
. ward. i6i Do" - | Ls "d
| The voice ofa Dogge, is by theléarned,interpretedarayling and angry fpeech:wher-
of commeth that'Canina facundia among Authors, forrayling eloquence. It is the na-
ture ofa Dogge when he maketh water, to holde vp his legge, if he be aboue fix moneths- 1, making «
old,or haue benéat procreation, the females doc itfor the moftpart fitting, yet {ome of oF vine.
||. 19 thegenereous fpirits do alfo hold vp theirlegges. They euer fmellto the hinder partes of Arifetles
one another, peraduenture thereby, they difcerne their feuerall kind and -difpofition of: bile :
| each other in their owne natures : After they haue rana courfe, they releeité themfelues 5. cios;
by tumbling anc rowling too and fro : when they lie downe they turne round in a circle, of Dogs for
twoorthreetimes togither,which they do for no other,caufe,but that they may the more Rs ree
commodioufly lie round, andfrom the wind. « its t :
They fleepeas doth a man ,andtherein dreamevery often,as may appeare by their cf-
ten barking in their fleepe : but it muft be diligently regarded of themthatlone to kecpe
Dogges, that they permit them nottofleepe much, efpecially after their meat when they
are young, foras they are very whot, fo in their fleepe doth their heate draw much paine
(| 30 into their ftomach and ventrickle.. The time oftheir copulationis forthe moftpartata
yeare old, yet the females will luftafter it at eight months old, howbeitthey arenottobe Theircopula m
{uffered, becaufe it weakeneththeir bodies, and dullethin themall generofity :therefore; 799 204/7- E iq
afteroneyeare they may fafcly be fuffered to come together, and not before: Neither Corda > iy |
sit materiall, whether in Summer or Winter, but it is beft inthe beginning ofthe fpring, B
butwiththis caution, that Whelpesofa litterorofone and the fame Bitch; beneuer |
faffeted to couple ; for nature reioyfeth more in variety. | U esylled ziodesi
For then they grow faltand begin te bc proud;yetin ancient time;for the more enno« Arifale
bling of their race of Dogges, they didnot fuffer them to engender ill the. Male were: Wi
| * foure yeare old,and the femalethree: for then would the Whelpes prooue more ftroage: , |
1 4g andliuely. By hunting, labour, and trauaile, the males are made more fit for generation, d
and they prooue beft which haue their fires of equallage. They are not fufferedtoengen- . Dn
det alltheir life longe, but vntill tenand twelue yeare old, or rather eight in the male and b.
fixe inthe female. Yetthere haue beene founde which in one and other fexe, haue con: 5) hi
tinued in procreation till they were twentyeycareolde,but this exceededjall naturall reas 1 Im
fon. When they begin to be proud if you giuethem leauen mingled with milke and fale, | ; |
The fleep of
Dogges.
Sa Eo V PL E
| they willnot ftraye and range abroade : atthe time of their copulation, they cleaue to~:
gither for a certaine fpaceas if theyr hinder pattes were glewed, and fo they are filled at The time of
one time. They bearetheir young the fifth part ofthe yeare, that isabout twomonthes «Birches
and odde daies, but this reconing is not generall,for fome kinds beare their young three rat Jue
) o monthes, and fome more. They bring forth many ata time fometime fiue; fcuen;nine;or young.
ewelue s for fo many celles haththe female in her wombe. oos oU Angforle n
Albertus relateth that hefawa Bitch ofthe Maftiuekind, which brought forthat three | mM d
litters fifty Whelpes, that is nineteene at the firft, eighteeneat the fecond, and thirteene” UU tg
at the third : butfomtime fhe bringeth forth but one, which isa good argument to proue:
| that fhe is filled atthe firft lyming. They are purged oftheir menftrous fluxes {eau za or
“ates . our-
DONI C api ae more ee Big
Wo lac ML E
—— RE E ee
-
Á
ee 5
> "
"
!
- P
Si ee RTT ae ERES
The Fiforie of Foure-footed Beafts.
foureteenc daies before they grow proud, and againe, at their time of littering ; at other
» :
times they fuffer none.
The firft they caft forth of their. Wombe is commonly: a Male, which refemblech the
14.0
dri father,the other Males and females as: it happeneths (but itis accounted a prodigious
Whelpe 44 thing tolitcer all males orall females) wherein nature yeeldeth anexcellent argumentof
male, diuine prouidence, for the firft borne of all kindes hath more refemblance ofthe fa-
ther then ofthe mother. "They arealfo VVhelped blind, and fo remaine for nine orten
Theblindacs dayes; bycaufe through their multitude they cannot bee perfé&ed. in the Dammes
of Whelpes. Bellyey which doeth not happen to Beaftes which beare fingle, as fheepeand-Goates. ro
They vfeto carry them vpánd downe | intheir mouthes till they be feuen dayes old but. | >
not afterward; they hauemilke about fiue daies before. theyr litrering- It isnot goodto
preferue che firft or fecond litter ,butthe third : and after they haue littereditis good to
giue the Bitch Whay and Barly bread, for that will comforcher and encteafe her milke;
and in fome places they take Goates milke and feeth in it broken bones of meate, where-
by they conceiue thatthe Dammeand Whelpes are much bettered for that nutriment z.
thereis notany greatregard of thenourifhment of Dogges, for they, willeate muchand
that often and divers things, except Dogges-flefh, for that cannot befo dreffedand pre-
Aelians pated by the art of man, butthey finde itoutby theirnofeand auoide it. It is goodtolet
Afecretin the Whelpesfucketwomonthes before they be weaned, and that of their owne Damme,
_ their foods, for jt is notfogood forthem to fucke another, and in the meanetimeexercifethem to 2o
meate,as milke, VWWhay, Bread; and flefh salfo from the {pring vntillthe Sunneentreth
Cancer, at whichtimeitis good to let them growleane according to the verfes of Neme-
fan. Oi wc
Confuctamminuiffe faginam
Profucrit, tenue[que magis retinere cibatus,
Ne grauts articulos deprauet pondere molles |
| Nam tum membrorum nexus nodofquerelaxant. .. Andafterward
when they are fixe months old amendtheir diet againe thatthey may growftrong.
vt Tunorar(us mifcere fero Cerealia dona |
iby ove Conueniet, fortemaque dari de frugibus efcam. J
"They.willnot eate bucke-maft wherewithall Hogges grow fat,for that breedethin them
. the paine of the head. By eating the excrements of men they incurre many difeafes :they
eAthenaws are made drunke by the Herbe Oc#attaas Crowes bee, they cannot endure Wine, but
bread fopped in Wine they deuoure, dryed fleth & bread in Milke is their fafeft foode, if
Cummin bee now and then mixedin their bread, they are not much troubled with wind
intheirbellyes. If you puta little Oylein their Water to drinke or lappe, they will proug
more ableand fwiftto runne. If he refufeand loath his meate, take a little whot bread and
aremedy for giueithim before meat, or dip broune bread in vinegerand{o preffe: or {quife the liquor
loathing — thereofinto his nofe,and it wil eafe him. 3 ,
:
Turdinme
meate. . There is mucha docto chofe a VVhelpe vnder the Damme that will proue thebeftin 40
the litter. Some obferuethat which feeth Jaft, and take that for the beft; otherremoue
the Whelpes from the kennell and lay them feuerall and apart one from the other, then.
watch they which of them the Bitch firft taketh and cartieth into her kennell againe, and
that they take for the beft,or elfethat which vomitteth laft of all. Some againe giue fora
certainerule to know the beft,that the farne which waigheth leaft while itfucketh will proue
beftaccording totheverfes of Nemefian. :
"d Pondere nam catuli poterisprependere vires
Corporibuf/que leues, avauibus preno[cerecurfu. |. :
Butthis is certaine that the lighter whelpe wil proue the fwifter,and the heauier will
beethe fironger : Other make this experiment, firft they compaffe inthe Puppies 5°
^ intheabfence ofthe Damme with alittle circle of final fticks apt.to burne, and ftinking
Tardime *ag8sthen fet they them on fire about the whelps, and that puppy which leapeth ouer firft,
they take for the beft,& that which cometh outlaft they condemnefor the worft.Affoone
asthe bitch hath litteredit is good to chufe them you meane to preferue, & to caftaway
the refufe, keepe them blacke, or broun, or of one colour ; for the fpotted are, not tobe
130) accoun=
Of the choife
ofa generous
vrhelp e.
0
Of Dogges. | | ie
accounted of. Andthus much ofthe outward partes andthe choice of Dogges. The
manifolde attributes: of Dogges amonge all Writers , do¢ decipher vnto. vs their
particularnature 5 as that they are called {inarpe, bitter, fierce, fubull, founding, bold
cared for attention, affable, fwift, fpeedy, Clamorous, wilde, faithfull, horrible, rough; Ofthe nature
fafting; cracll,vn gentle, vncleane; hurtfull, biting, filthy, finelling, fent-follower, i wna
full, madde,hoarfe, and quicke-nofed ; befide many finch other both among the Greekes De ae?
arid Latines. AndJlikewifeyou fhallreade of many perticular Dogges,andtheir names
appellatiue; both imGreekeand Latine, which may beremembred alfo inthis!place, to
»; fhew whatreconing allages haue made of this beaft: for itisneceffary, that as Íooneàs
re hebeginneth to feece heprefently receiue a name, fuch are thefe, of twoe fillables.or
morc; as Seylax, Speude, Alke, Romie, Lacon, Acalanthis, Agre, Labros, Hyluétor, Alleus
Argus Cone of Vises Dogs) A sbolus, Augeds, Ardy Bria, Polis Bremon, Kutnon Ganathe,
Happarus sCharon, Chorax , Harpiay Lycitas y Chiron, Lycifta, Arcas, Dromas, ext Ebay
HybrissHyleus , Mai?ay dtelampus, Orne, Lethargos, Napes befide infinite other amongthe
' ancients :but among the later writers; 2/7625, Niphus; Falco, Ragonia, Serpens, Ichtia, Pi»
lafter, Lee, Lupus, Stella, Fulgur, Bellina, Rubinuw, Satinus, and Furia : fo that dis : ry
Nada and almoft euery man hatha proper and peculiar namefor his Dog;às wellasfor
-'Thereisnotany creature without reafon, more louing to:his Maifter, nor: riore fer- oed
xo uiceable (as fhallappeare afterward) thenisa Dogge,induring many fkipes patiently at D088
the hands of his maifter, and vfingno other meanesto pacifie RU difpleafure vobi s
liation, proftration,affentation, and after beating, turnetha reuengeintoa have feruent
andwhotloue. -Iu tlicir rage they willfetvpon all trangers, yet heerein appeareth their Pliny
Noble fpirit, for if any fall, er fit downe on the ground & caft away his weapon, they bite se hale
him nots taking that declining for {ub miffiuie pacification. ‘They meete their in dor with es Aa a
reuerenceand ioy, crouching or bending a little, (like fhamefaft and modeft perfons:: ) pacific an an
and although they know none but their maifter and familiars, yet will they help any man 97 Dog.
ae Wilde beaft. They remember voyces,and obey their leaders hiffing or aum
whilling. d rx 100d Lx
| There wasa Doggein Venice which had beene three yeares from his Maifter, yer sbiftory ofa
3° : my WR : : Fem 5 yet do mos
knew hir againe in the Market place 5 difceromg bim from thoufands of people prefents + gs memo
heremembrethany man which g tueth him meat: when he fauneth vponamanhewrin : d
eth his &knne in tlie forehead. The Dogge whichis broad faced likea Lyon, is moft el P.
of fiomàch and courage ; yetthetongue or skinne of an Hyena (by naturall inftin&) ma- que re
kethhim runneaway: fometimes they willagree with Wolues, for they hane engendered Rage
togither, andas thelute-ftrings made ofa Wolfe and a Lambe cannot agree in muficke feare ofa dog
but one ofthem will break, fo alfo will a Dogs and a lambes. da ?
- liens thinketli that Dogges haue reafon,& vfe logickin their hunting for they will
caft about for the game;as a dil putant doth for the truth,asifthey fhould fay eitherthe ne rca
—: Hareis goneon theleft hand, or on theright hand, or ftraight forward, butnot on the of Dosbee
4° left orright hand and therefore ftraight forward. Whereupon he runneth foorth right
afterthetrue andinfallible fooote-fteps ofthe Hare. There wasa Dogge in Affrica inà
fhip, which in the abfence of the Mariners came toa pitcher of oyle to eate fome of it,and
the mouth ofthe pot being too narrowfor his head to enter in (becaufe the pot iln
full) he deuifed to caft flint fones into the veffel, whereby the Oyle rofeto thetop ofthe
pitcher and fo he eate thereof his fill, giuing euidentteftimony thereby ,that he difcerned
by ae heauy thinges will finke downe, and light thinges willrife vp and flye
aloft. | Ed t
"Thereis a Nation of people in Ethiopia (called Nube) which hauea Dogge in fuchad-
mirable eftimation, that they giüe vnto him the honor of their King; for they haue nOO- Solinus
59 therking but he. If he faune, they take him for well pleafed ; if he barkeor fly vpon them, Aelianus
they take him forangry :and by his geftures and moouings they coniecturehismeaning; Pliny.
for the gouermentoftheir fate: giuingas ready obedience to his fignifications, as they Gr4le ...,
canto any liuely fpeaking Prince of the world: for which caufe,the Egyptians alfo piture PAR. n
aDogge witha kings robe, to fignifiea magiftrate. Thofe peopleof Egypt alfo, obferue :
| in
Calus
Varinus
Hefychins |
e" Araobins
i verfes 2125
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
in their religious proceffions, and gefticulations, dumbe-idle-gods, to carry about with
them two Dogs;one Hawke,and one Ibis and thefe they cal foure leters:by the wo Dogs;
they fignifiethetwo Hoemifhpheres which continually watch and goe ouerourheads 3
by the Hawke,thefunne ; for the Hawke is a whot creature, and liueth vpon deftru&ion:
by the zbis,the face ofthe Moone ; for they comparethe blacke feathers in this bird to hir.
darke part, and the white to her light: Other by the Dogges;do vnderítand thetwo Tro:
picks, which are (as it were thetwo porters of the funne forthe South and North »bythe
Hawke, they vnderftand the equino&iall or burning line , becaufe (he fly ethhigh: by the
This, the Zodéacke : andindeede thofe. painters which could mofte artificially deciphera
Dog (as Nicias) were greatly reuerenced among the Egyptians. > 51 di;3afirssd sd
"Thelikefolly (or impious beaftlineffe) was that of Galba, whoforfooke theprefiden
of his predeceffors in ftamping their coine with their owneimage; and imprinted there-
upon his fealing ring, left him by his forefathers, wherein was engrauen;a dog bending
vpon hisfemale. Iknownotforwhatcaufe, the ftarre in the mid{tof heauen whereupta.
the füunne commeth about the Calends of Iuly , was tearmed Casi; (a Dogge) and the
wholetime ofthe appearance of that farre, which is about thirty daies, fhould beé called
Dog daies ;butonely becaufe then the heate of the Sunne doothtorment the bodyes of
mentwicefo muchas at other times : whereupon they attribute that to the flarre (Gwhich
The j
+
| LA
they call.sirius) which rather isto be attributed tothe Sun during that time euery yeare.
Others fable; that there is another ftarre clofe co him (called 07/29) who was an éxcel-
lent hunter, and after his death was placed among the ftarres, and the ftarre Casisbelide
him was hishunting dogge : butby this ftarre called ofthe Egyptians Solachin, and. of thé
Grzcians 4 rocymon, commeth that Egyptian Cyzicke yeare: which is accomplifhed
but once ina 1460. yeares.:Vnto this ftarre were offered many facrificesof Dogeésin
auncient time whereof there canbe no caufe in the World, as Ouid "well noteth inthefé
Fro cane fidereo eanis bic imponitur ara :
ulis Et quare fiat nil nifinomen haber, — » ; T» 1f
Asamong the Carians whereupon came the prouerbeof Caricum Sacrificium, forthey
; facrifieda Dog in ftead ofa Goate, and the young Puppyes or VVhelpes werealfo ac-
Pliny
Plutarch
_ the Wolfe,and thiswas performed in February yearly, either becaufe that the Dogs
were enimies to VWolues, or elfe for thatby their barking, they draw them away in ia
counted among the moft auaileable facrifices for the pacifing of their idoll Gods.’
- The Romans and Grecians had alfoacuftom to facrificea Dog’ in their: Lyeaan-and
Lupercall feaftes, which were kept for the honor of Paz, who defended their flocks from
ec
~ nighttime fromtheir Citty :or clíe, becaufethey reckoned thata dogge wasa pleafing
beaft to Pan,who was the keeper of Goats : fo alfothe Grecians did offer a dog to Hecate
who hath three heads,one ofa Horfe, another ofa dogge, and the third head in the midft
ofa wilde man : andthe Romans to Genetha, forthe fafe cuftody and welfare ofall their
» houfhold affayres. |
Feffus
Caelius
Arnobius
Gyraldus
,
-: Their houfhold Gods (called Lares) were pi&ured and declared tothepeople fitting
in Dogs-skinnes, and Dogges fitting befide them, eyther becaufe theythereby fignified
their duty-to defend the houfe and houfhold, or elfeas Dogges areterrors to theeues and
euillbeafts, fo thefe by their affiftance were the punifhers of wicked and euill perfons zor
rather that thefe Lares were wicked fpirits pryeng into the affayres of euery priuate hou-
fhold, whom God vfedas executioners of his wrathful difpleafure, vpon godleffe men.
There were Dogges facred in the Temple of e£/culapins, becaufe hewas nourifhed by
their milke ; and Jupster himfelfe was called Cyegetes, that is, a Dogge-leader 5 becaufehe
taught the Avcadians firft of all to hunt away noyfome beafts by thehelpeof Dogges: fo -
alfo they facrificeda Dogge to Mars, becaufe of the boldneffe ofthat creature. Tocon-
clude, {uch was the vnmemorable vanity of the Heathens intheyr goddesand facrifices ,
as it rather deferueth perpetual obliuion then remembrance, for they ioyned the fhapes
Y
to
29
39
49
5@
of men and Beafles togither (faith Arnobius) to make Goddes Ommigenumaue deum mon-
frac latrator Anubis, fachwere theyr Cynocephali, Ophiecephali, Anubis, Hecata, thatis
asmuch to fay, ashalfemen, halfe Dogges, halfe Serpents, but generally. all MINIS:
| an
<=
fo
2b
40
| Of Dogges.
anid for the many imaginary virtues the ancients haue dreamed tobe in Dogs, they alfo in
many places haue giuen vnto them folemne funerals in theirhallowed Coemiteries,& af-
ter they were dead, they ceafed not to magnifiethem as Alexander which builta City for
the honor ofa Dog.
All chis notwit{tanding, many learned and wife men in al ages haue rekconed a Dogge
but abafeand an impudent creature, for che Flamen. Dialis of Iupiter in Rome; was com-
maunded to abftaine from touching of Dogges, for the fame reafon, that they were pro-
hibited & not permitted to enter into the caflle of Arhens & lle of Delos)bycaufe of their
publiqueand (hameleffe copulation : andalfo, that no man might beterrifiéd. by their
prefence from fupplication inthe temples. The fooli(hneffe of a Dogge appeareth in
this, that whena ftone or other thingis caftat him, he followeth the ftoneand negleát-
eth the handthat threw it, according to thefayiig ofthe Poet: Jod:
Arripit vt lapidem catulus, mor(uque fatigat,
Nec precuffori mutua damna facit... |
Sic pleriquefinunt reros clabier boffer,
Et quos nulla granant noxia dente petant. beni ocil
Likewife men of impudent wits, fhamleffe behauiors intaking and eating meat; were
called Cynicks 5 for which caufe Athenews Ípeaketh vnto Cynicks in this fort : You donot
O cynicileade abftinent and frugall lines but refemble Dogges : and whereas this foure-
ler and bafer qualities, that is, in barking and licenfe of railing, in voracity and nudity,
without all commendationofmen. .
The impudency of a Doggeis eminencin all cafes to be vnderftood, for which caufe
that audatious Ari/fogiton fonne of Ctdtmachus was called a Dogge, and the furies of an-
cient time were figured by blacke Dogges, anda: Dog was called Evinnis : Cerberus him-
felfe withhis three heads fignified the multiplicity of Diuels, that is,a Lyons,a Wolfes,
anda fawning Dogges, one for the earth, another for the Water, and the thirde for the
aire; for which caufe Hercules in {laying Cerberus, is faid,to haue ouercomeall temptati-
on, vice,and wickednefle, for fo did his three heads (ignifie:other by the three heads, vn-
derftand, thethree times ; by the Lyon, the time prefent; by the wolfe, the time paft;and
by thefawning Dog, the timeto come. - > .
Itis deliuered by authors, that the roote of Oliander, or elfea Dogs tooth bound a-
bout thearme, do reftrainethe fury and rage ofa Dogge : alfo thereis a certain litle bone
in the left fide of a Toade(called Apocynon) for the vertue it hath in it againft the violence
ofa Dogge: Itis reported by Pliny, that if aliue Ratbe put into the pottage of Dogges,
after they haue eaten thereof they willneuerbarke any more, and Aelianus affirmeth fo
muchofthe Weafils taile,cut off from him aliue, and carried about a man : alfo if one
carry about hima Dogges hart, or Lyuer,or the skinne wherin Puppies lye in their dams
belly (called the Secundine) thelike effe& or operation is attributed to them againft the
violence of dogs.
There isa little blacke ftone in Nylus about the bigneffe ofa Beane, atfirft fight whereof
a dog wil run away. Suchas thefe I fawat Lyons in France,which they called Sea-beanes,
and they prefcribed them to be hanged about a Nurfes necke to encreafe her milke : but
toconclude the difcourfe ofthe bafenefle of a Dogge, thofe two prouerbes of holy Scrip-
ture, one ofour Sauiour Mat. 7. Giue not that which is holy to Dogs ; and the other of Saint
Peter 2. Epiflle Cap. 2. the Dogge is returned tothe vomit, doe fufficiently conuince,
thatthey are emblems ofvile, curfed, rayling, and filthy mens which efteeme nothol
things, but eate vp againetheir owne vomits. |
Theskinnes of Doggesare dreffed for gloues, and clofe Bootes, thewhich are vfed by
fuchas haue vlcerous and {welling Legges or Limbes, for by them theafli&ed place re-
uj
Of difhonor
andigrobili-
ty of Dogs.
Marcellus
|) 4o footed beaft differeth from other creatures in fourethings, you only followhinvin his vi- Porphyrius
Homer
Horace
Conftantins
Stobaeus
The vfe of
their partss
$9 ceiuethadoublereliefe; firft, it refifteth the influent humors, andfecondly, it is not exaf- Blondus,
perated with Woollen. The Turkes colour their Dogs tailes withred, and itis a cuftom
of Hunters to take Doggesand tie them intlie Woods vntotrees by their ftones, for by
crying they prouoke the Panther to come vnto them.
Itis notto be doubted but thatthe flefh ofdogges, is vfed for meate in many gen
Oppianus
The fleth of
Dogs eaten.
aos
eorr eran eae
m
laacnzcg ec up eS SS !
E CX SUN s Deme —À = = = - eS d y
aL P 3
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
although the opiniowof Rafés betrueand confonantito reafon that all deuouritig/ Crea-
tures, as Dogges, Foxes, andiWolues jhaue no: good fiefh for meate, by caufethey'en-
gender melancholy’s and'yet Galen thinketh, chav icis like to thefle(h of a Hares efpecial:
ly young Whelpes were held amonge the Romanesa delicate meate; aud weré vfedby
their prieftes and amobge VVhelpes they attrybuted moft vertue to their leí which
were eaten before they did fee; for by them came no euill humoratalyas is often fer down
Tn ftawrione. in Plautus: ao1&ot sttiBt orit 10i 29 9n0C to gatdouo: ient anise 202 BOL!
+ Peter Martir and Staliger dowafiirme, of Cozumellaand Lucatana, and other 1(lands
ofthe new World; thatthepeopletheredoe eatea kind'of Dogge which cannot barke :
Thele Doggesare viletolookevpohlike young Kyds.. ‘Theinhabitants ofcerfita; which
are flerceyanery. Wilde, cruell, audacious; diffemblers; active anddtrong, dovalfo feede
-vpon Dogges both wilde andtáme: anditis thought:that their eate: ís: à. liccle furthe-
rance to their inclination, for fach is the natgall difpofitionof Dogs : and Se//zbergerus,
in the booke of peregrinations affirmeth alfoS Miat the Tarzarians in Ilifibur doe after the
{ame manner feede vpon the flefh of Dogges : from: hence it commeth, that men refem-
. lingaDoginaplaineforheadand narrow; are faidto befoolifhyinafinooth and ftretched
out;flatterers s thofewhich haue great voyceslikea Ban-dog; are ftrong 3 they which raile
much (like oftenbarking Dogges)are ofa doggifhy angry, difpofition. Hewhicli hatha
great head dikea Dog is witty shee which hath a little head like an Afies is blockifh;they
which hauefiery eyes like Dogs; aré;impudent andfhameleffe : oThinne lips with narrow
folding corners, in Dogsisa token of generofity, and in mem of magnanimity » they
whofe lippes hange ouertheir canine teeth, are alfo adiudged raylers, and virulent fpea-
kers : andas Carnarius obferueth, vaine glorious braggarts.. A wide mouth, betokeneth
acruell, madde,and wicked difpofition; a{harpenofe,anangry mind :asaround;blant;
and folide Nofe, fignifietha Lyons ftomachandworthinefle. A tharpe chin, vaine bab-
ling and wantonneffe 5 they which are {mall in their girting fieade about their loynes, doe
much louehunting.: .: : If 19! 1900008 them 10,2 | 3
Stobeusinchis wicked difcourfe or difpraife of women affirmeth, that the curft, fharp,
{mart, curious, daynty ;clamorous ,implacable and wanton-rowling-eyed VVomen, were
deriued from Dogges: and He/tdeto amend the. matter faith, when Jupiter hadfafhio-
nedman out of the earth, he commaunded Aercuryto infufe into him a Canine minde,
anda clamorous inclination: butthe Prouerbe of Salomon Cap.30.concludeth the excel-
lency ofa Dog faying : There be three things. which oe pleafantly sand the fourth ordereth his
pace aright :The Lyon, which is the firange/t among Beajles, andfeareth not the fight of any bo-
dy xa hunting Dog firong in his loynes,a Gaate, anda King againft whom there ts no ryfing up:
by all which is decipheteda goodKing ; for the Lyon ryfeth notagainft beaftes, except
hebeprouoked; the Dog rifeth notagainft his frends, but wildebeatts’; and the he-Goat
goeth before his flocke like a guide and keeper. ... .: "d |
OF THE-GREY-HOVND,
with a naration of all ftrong and great
hunting Doc Gas. -
up
T
eAdimantins
igs
Monfterus
4
Mong tthe diuerskinds of hunting Dogs, the Grey-hound
or Grecian Dog, called*Thereuticos or Elatica (by reafonof
hisfwiftnefie, y ftrength, and fagacity, to follow and deuoure
wilde beaftes of great ftature, deferueth the firft place for
fuchare the conditions of this Dog, as Plato hath obferued,
that he is reafonably fented to finde out; fpeedy and quicke
of foote to follow, and fierce and ftrong to take and ouer-
The name of
agreyheund |
according to the obferuation of Gratiuss
! —— Sic canis illa fuos taciturna [uperuemit hoffes.
Like to the Dogs of Acarwania which fet vpon theirgame by ftealth.Of thefe are the grea-
teft dogs of the world,which in this place are briefely to be remembred, Thefe
20
30
59
come: and yet filent comming vpon his pery at vnàwares, .
P
|
Yo
‘20
IEEE
md erm nat
T TN
Thefehaue large bodies little heads;beaked nofes;but flat, broad faces aboue their cies, ae
long necks but greatinext to their bodies, fiery cies; broad backspand mo(t generous fto- tion. ».. -—
macks, both again ftal wild beafts & men alfo. Their rageis fo great agatnffitheir prey, that Plutarch
fometimes for wraththey loofe their eie-fight. They willnot onely fet vpon Buls,'Boars, ,., ..,...
"go and fuch like beaftes, but alfo vpon'Lyons; which Mantwan noteth in this verfes Mi are, ate
; | ioo games,
' Ouf Et Truculentus Helor certaredgoniUtes audenss 3 sn scoteetiilodtu ^ 0 ou
-
iR ASTM S URS NC
The greateft dogs of thiskind ate in India, Seuthiag and Hircaniajand,among the Scithians 5 PARS 2
theyioine them with Affes in yoake for oxdinaty labour; Y he. Dogs of India are coacei- Ar one
ued by 7; teres for the Indianswiktake divers femals:or Bitches and faftenthemto treesin hounds.
woods wheré Tygtesabide: wherurito the greedy rauening Tiger commethyand inftanr- :
ly deuoureth fome one or two of them, ifhis!uft donotreftrain him,& then being fo filled ba.
with meate (whichthing Tygers fildome meéte withal) prefently he burneth inluttand fo Ariftotle
lymeth the liuing Bitches,whoareaptto:conceiue by him:vthich being performd he reti-
rethto fome fecret place,& in the meane time the Jadians take away the Birches of whom
o cométhefe valourous dogs; which retain theftomack and courage of their fatber,but the
fhape & proportion oftheir mother, yet do.they:nor keepe any of the fix(torfecond litter
for feare of their Tygrian ftomacks; but makethem away and referuethe thirdditter. ;...., A pi .
Ofthiskind werethe Dogs giuen to Alexander. by the King of Albania when he was poda
‘woing into zdi4;andprefented by an 774/42, whom Alexander admired and being defi- dogs.
ous totry what vertue was contained info great abody , caufeda Boare anda Hart tobe G illius SN
turned. outto him; and when he would nor fo muchas ftir atthem, he turned B earesvnto V M
him, which likewife he difdainedand rofenot from his kennel; wherewithal the king being S rd,
moued, commaunded the heany and dul beaft(for fo Betermed him)to be hanged vp: his pois,
keeperthe zodisz iformedtheking that the dog refpected not füchbeáfts; but i£he would
50 turtie olitvntohim aLyonghethould feewhathe would do. . | |. li
-Tenmediátly^a'Lyyon was putvhto him; at-diefirft fight whereof berofe with fpeede
(as ifrieuer beforehee faw hismatch or aduerfary'Worthy-his firengthy, and briftling at -
him; madeforce vpoivhim and:the.Lyon likewife.at the. Dogge, but at rhe laft, che
DoggetooketheGhapnes prfnowt ofthe Lyondnto his mouth; where-he held him by
maine frength wvisulll bee firarigléd him, doe the Lyon: what he could to the entrar
to Q _ the
\
ee ee une iut
ee
Se
5. a
ae
Nea ae
—_
Ld
——— IBI nó The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Digs oh a E D theKing defirous to faue the Lyens life, willed the Dogge fhoulde be pulled off, but the
DEN o | labourof menandall their {trength was too litle to loofen thofe irefulland deepe biting
EMEN o teeth which he had fattened. Then the zsdias infourmed the King that except fome vio-
ee lence were done vnto the Dog to put him to extreame paine, he would fooner die then let
yh EM I BU il goe his holde; whereupon it was commaundedto cut off apiece of the Dogges taile,but
ENS | the Dog would not remoue his teeth for that hurt: then one of his legges were likwile fe-
uered from his body, whereat the Dogge feemed not apalled after that anotherlegge,
mw and foconfequently all foure, whereby thetruackeof his body fell to the grounde, ftill
42 ER i holding the Lyons fnowt within his mouth;andlike the fpirit of fome malicious man chu- 1o
m fing rather to die chen fpare his enimie. Atthelaft,it was commaunded to cut his heade
| | from his body, all which the angry beaft indured, and foleft his bodiles head hanging faft
to the Lyons fawes : whereat the king was wonderfully mooued,and forrowfully repented
1 hisra(hnes in deftroying a beaft of fo noblefpirite, which could not be daunted with the
— a y* prefenceoftheking of beafts i chufing rather to leaue his life then departe from therrue
EESW 10 : ftrength and magnanimity of mind. Which thing the Indian perceiuing in the K. to mi-
EM 1. tigate the Kings lorrowe, prefented vnto him foureother Dogges of the fame quantity
| ——- B and nature, bythe gift whereof he put away his paffion, and received rewarde with fuch a
—— recompence as well befeemed the dignity of fucha King, andalfothe quality of fucha
4 OA | prefent. Rea Nh C.M y
DENN i Pliny tepottethalfo thatone ofthefe did fight with fingular courage and policy with 20
EN | an Elephant : and hauing got holde on his fide; neuer left till he ouerthrewe the beaft and
— | periihed vnderneath him. Thefe Doggesgrowe toan exceeding grcate ftature, andthe
BEEN 0 $4 next vnto themarcthe 4/bantan Dogs. The Arcadian Dogs are faid to be generated of Li-
ENS 055 on ons. In Canaria one ofthe fortunate Ilands,their Dogsare of exceeding ftature.
The Albani- : :
an Casse The Dogs of Creete are called Diaponi,and fight wich wilde Boares : the Dogs of Epirus
BH m Solinus... e Called chaonides ofa Citie Ch4o",te wonderfully greatand fierce; they are likewife.called
B nu Seca c -Mlof; of the people of Epiris fo termed;thefc are faynedto be deriued of the-Dogof
THU The Dogges Cephalus, the fict Greyhound whome flories mention: and the Poets fay that this Grey-
Moloffe or of Hound of Cephalus,was firtt of allfathionedby Fuleanin Monefian braffe, and whenhelked —
pov 20 hisproportion; he alfo quickn ed himwith’foule, and gaue hiin to Jupiter fora guift, who 3°
“Aberin gare him away againeto Europa, the alfotoMinos, Minos to Precris, and Preeris gaue itto
EDEN Urine... Cephalus fhis Batate was fo refiftable, that he ouertookall that he hunted, like the Zeume-
BEEN o ||5 fan Foxe: Therefore Jupiter to auotd copfufionsturnedboththe in comprehenfible beafts
BEEN 0 "hito ftones This 7Moloskus or Moloffus Dow, isalfo framed to attend the folds of Sheepe,
BEEN o d | . and doth defend ther from VWolues and theeues, whereof Virgil writeth thus t: 2500
EE 0 ti | DONA o: nn Yelages Sparte catulos aeremque Moloffum Fi 10 210° 1:66
E! TW O UU Pafeefero pingui nunquam cufto dibus illis
— ml E No& arum flabilis; furemincurfufque luporum
| .)—^.--—2 ee conn i0, on ufu paratos a Tergo borrebis Aberas. 0800 V sod imo lord
EE 0 i Thefe haaing taken holde, will hardly be taken offagaine, like the Indian andPrafiaw 4o
EE o — 29 |. Dógs;for which caüfechieyare calledineommodeftics, thatis; modi nefeq fuchaskdoweno '
EE — —... ., meane, whicli'caufed Horaceto giue counfell to keepethem tied vpfaying :
Wt . egt sc ccu Teneanbucresfora moloffosie.8% C2 nouo «not citi id
SP "The people of Epirusdo vfeto bury thefe Dogges when they dieyand of this kind were
Pew. the Dogges of solli Nicomedes, and Eupolides. The Hircanian Doggesare the fame with
~~ the indian. The PeonianyPerftan, and Median, are called Syntheroiy that is companions,
2M) both of hunting and fighting: as Grasinswriteth: 00000 oss di
TO prop Sp Indocilis dat prélta meds. 701 Bits. Ds ls habanero: h
ae! Syigbet; a The Dogges of Locris and Lacane are alfo very great and fight with Bores. There are
dot E rat alfo a kind of people cal'ed Cysamolgi,neere India, io called becaufefor one halfeofthe $9
an yeare they lie vpon the milke of great Dogges,which they keepeto defendtheirCoun- -
FORM of pecple thatitt cy froni the great oppreffion of Wilde cattell, which defcend from the Woodes and
ABE UI milk of Dogs Mountaines of India vnto them yearely, from the Summer folftice to the middle of
P Wynter; in great numbers or fwarmes like Bees returning home to their Hines: and
| in Hony-coribes 5 Fhefe'cattell fet vpon the people and deftroy them with their Hornes;
; except
TM nom eg a ^ ="
mem
=
\
\
\
M
=
T" Pw
Of Dogges. ia7
excepttheir Dogges be prefent withthem, which are of great ftomach and ftreneth, that
they cafily tearethe Wilde cattell in pieces, and then the people take fuch as be good
for meateto themfelues, andleaue the other to their dogges to feed vpon: the refidue of ones
the yeare they not onely huntwiththefe Dogs, but alfo milke the females drinking itvp
like the milke of(heepe or Goats. Thefe great dogs haue alfo deuoured men for when the
feruant of Diogenes the Cynike ranne away from his maifter, beinge taken againeand 4,7. 4,
brought to Delphos, for his punifhment he was torne in pieces by Dogs. Euripedes alfo is D vente:
faid to be flaine by dogs,whereupon came the prouerb Cunos Dike,a Dogsteuenge:for <1 ofmen.
King Archelaus hada certain dog which ran away from him into Thracia,andthe Thracians _
1o (as tieir manner was) offeredthe fame Dog in facrifice, the King hearing theteof, laieda di cil ien
punifhment vpon them for that offence, that by a certaine day they fhould pay atalent 5
the people breaking day, fuborned Euripides the Poct (who wasa great fauorite ofthe
Kings) to mediate for them, for the releafe of thatfines wherunto theking yealded:after- :
ward as thefaidking returned from hunting, his dogs ftragling abroad, met with Ewripedes
and tore him in pieces; as if they fought reuenge on him, for being bribed againft their
fellow which was flaineby the Thracians. But concerning the death of this man, itis more
probable that the dogs which killed him, were fet on by Arideus and Cratenas,two Theffa-
lian poets bis emulatours & corriuals in poetry, which for the aduancement ef their own
credit, cared not in moft fauage and Barbarous manner, to makeaway a better man then
fo themfelues. There werealfo other famous men which perifhed by Dogges, as Acteon,
Thrafusand Linus; of Thra[[ns Ouid writeth thus;
Pradaque fis illis quibus eff Laconia Delos
Aute diem Raptanon ade undaThrafo.
And of Linus and Aeon inthis manner ;
Quique verecunda fpeculantem membra Diana,
Quique Crotopiadendiripuere Linum s f) "E
Lucian that fcoffing Apoftata, who was firfta Chriftian andafterward endeauoredall his
swittoraile at chri(tian religion,euenas he lacerated and rent his firft profeffion, fo was he
rentin pieces by dogs; and Heraclitus the Phylofopher of Athéns, having beenclong fick
| Gg andvnderthe hands of Phyfitians, he oftentimes anointed his body with Bugils-fewet,&
| ori aday hauingfo annoynted himfelfe, lying abroad flezping inthefun, the dogs came, Rani/ins 1l
and for the defire ofthe fattore his body inpieces. Icannot heere forgetthatmemora- — — M
ble ftory of two chriftian Martyres, Gorgonivs and horothews, which were put to death vn- a ITE ha |
dér Diocletian inthe ninth perfecution, and when they were.dead their carkafes were caft ^ ^ ^. | |
ynto hungry dogs ofthiskind; kept for fuch purpofes, yetwould not the dogges oncefo Rapifus Text ad
muchas ftir at them, or come neere to touch them; & becaufe we may iudge that the ra- 4
uening nature of thefe creatures wasreftrained by diuine power;we alfoiread that when i
Benignus the Martyr, by the commaundement of Aurelian, was alfo throwen aliue to be d ae
deuoured of thefe dogs, he efcaped as free from their teeth, as once Daniell did from the i ve l
» Lyons den.I may alfo adde vnto thefe the dogs of 4lania and Jlliria; called, Ma/tini, who 1
49 haue their vpper lips hàng our cheir neather; aidlooke fierce like Lyons; whom theyze-
femblein necke; cies; face;colout;andnailes ; falling vpon Beares, andBoares,lkethat > o o M
which apthelogius {peaketh off; that leaped into the fea after a Do/phiz; and fo perifhed 5 did ey
or thatcalled Zidiaflaine by a Boare ; whofe epitaph Martial] made as followeth : - i Ar
"Amphitheatrales inter nutrita magifires © 960 oos ed oso | | |
onbas xo Lydiadicebar, domino fidifimadextro TNR TA MEJA ok T Ag sig od] WE |
nor pd; Nec qui Dict 2a Cephalum de gente feeutus. bsllrsbie)ruslis10191918 bag --287102273 MM
-pod soul voc: mme lengadiesyuec inutilis ab/tulit atas. |. coh caches sonos "V RN
10 som Ow) voEsleineo [pumantis apri [um denteperemptas aah tad i ten 1 TURN
&. ataqed sis Nec qucrarinfernasgquamuiscitoraptaper umbras. 7515d v3
$0201 1900 9 x9) Fenatrix filuis afpera; blanda domi... ed sis eode rode
ilz1575990/ Quinon Erigones mallet habere Canem | auri 2souoT:5: T 1 dM P i
cocnobeg ol dueifere pariter menit ad aftra dea 0.000. É i3 2»di 293 RM fo ILU
ot to 0002) QualiaDulychiofata fuere cani | « wiles 23 iw ued me)
| Quantus erat Calydon aut Erymanthe tuu, ; fes |.
eal Non botui fato nobiltere mori. Q2 "There ! AUN
14.8
The Frenc
Dogges.
The Hiflorie of Foure-Jooted Beafts.
h. There bein France certaine great Dogs (called Auges) which arebrought out of great
The quali.
ties and parts
otagood
Grey-hourd ;
Pin 3
Xe enophor,
Belle[aritts.
Pollix,
The time of
teaching a ..
grey-hound.
A riftotle
X enopbon.
The time of
engendring.
Pliny.
Artffotle.
Brittaine, to kill their Beares; Wolues, and wilde Boares ythefeare fingularly fwift an
| ftrong,and their leaders the better toarme them againftrhe teeth of other bealts,couer
fome of theirparts with thicke cloutes, and their neckes withbroad collars, or elfe made
of Badgers skins.In Gallia Narbon, they call them Lemier, andthe Polonjans callallgreat
made Dogs for the Wolfe and fuch like beaftes, (7i/ljj : and pecultarly for the Beare
and Bore; Charzj for Haresand foule,Pobicdmizey ,and Dogs of a middle Ícantling bee-
twixtthe firftand the fecondp/7. L Yd
- Grey-hounds are the leaft of thefekinds,and yet as fwift andfierce as any ofthe refidue, to
refufing nokind ofBeaft; i£he be turd vp thereunco, except the porcupine, who cafteth
her fharp pens into themouth of al dogs. The beft Grey-hound hath along body;ftreng
and reafonable great, aneate fharpe head, and fplendent eyes, along mouth sand fbarp
teeth; littleeares and thin griftles in them, a freight neck, anda broadand {trong breft,
his forelegs ftraight and {hort, his hinder legslong and ftraight; broad fhoulders, round
ribs, flefhy buttockes; butnotfat, along taile, ftrongand full offinnewes, which Nemefi-
47 de{cribeth elegantly inthefe verfes.- | r |
AMO, : Sit cruribus altis
cmos) iot Caffarum fubifine decenter prona carinam : 7.
ioc Renibusampla fatis validis diduéfaque caras 3345
A o^ coit Rigidis multamque gerat {ub pectore lato MESI 20
Que fenfim vur [is [reca fe colligatialuo: |
Cuique nimis molles fluitent in curfibus aures
Elige tunc cur{u facitem facilem facilemá, reemr fn
Dum fuperant vires dumleto floreiunentus. |
Of this kind, that is alway che beftto be chofen among the whelps, which wayghethligh-
teft: for itwill be fooneftat the game,and fo hang vpon the greater beafts hindering their
fwiftnes; viitill the ftrongerand: heàuier dogs cometo helpe: and therefore befidesthe
qharkes ortieceflary good partsin a Grey-hound already fpokea of, it is requifivethat he
hanelarge fides,8cabroadmidriffe or filme about his hart, thatfo he may takehisibreath —
inand-outmoreeafily :a fmall belly;for if it begreac it will hincet his fpeedy courfe,like- 39
hándifliebea foot, andon the right hand if hebeonhorfebacke: ; 0 5:75 bbr
~ Thebeft tirétotry themsand traihethem to theix gameis at twelue months old;how-
beitfomebuntthém atten months ifhey be miales, and at 8:monthes if they be females,
yetisitfureftnocto ftrainethem or permit them to rum any long courfe till they be 20.
‘nioneths old, according'to tlieold verfe; 01 31521 215102 10 ,rriar 33 ill as B-
conos bogibergrugcprimumeon necant colla ligaris: 5 ovo 9o gm
ou 033Un8 Lge eum burdens phoebe vepauerit ortusy s cuco on) Y dom T
503 moi! DID Seg pários villis {patio feytoue nonet tes baqro.» ol .epob sbsd11o bsntio
P4 ‘SDDS OL S | 49
^ swiféhis legs haue long, thin, and foft haires, and thefe muft the hunter leade onthe left
OL SS sep CP [Hi VOTULE PAPE POLE 00 20.5 SiS OKT 9) 5 vec dasbr ane d
-Keepediemalforin theléame or flip while they areabroad vntill chey:fee their: icourfe, 1.
igheand cheHare or Deere; & lefen fiut d yong Dog;ulthé gamehauebendnfoota good
feafon sleatt if he be greedy of the prey he ftraine his lmstillthey breake. Whenthe Hare
is taken, detiide fóme paretheredt airiong your Dogges ;thatfo they jay be prouakedte
{peed by the fweetnes ofthe flesh. VD et tas wins ovuadingab. 0
The Lacedemon grey-hound wasthe bet breed; they were firltbtediofa Fox anda dog,
and therefore they were called _Alopedides, thefeadniic copulátiónimthe eight moneth of
theirage, and fometime in the fixtjand fo continuing bearing as. longs they liue; bea-
ring their burthen the fixth part ofayeáre;that is, about fixty daies;'onéor two ‘more or
leffe,and they better conédiué aid aré more aptto procreation whilethey are keptin la- 59
bor,then when they lie idle without hunting, & thefe Zacedemon Doesdifter in one thing«?
from all other Dogges whatfoeuer, for wheras themale outlivethmvulgar dogges of all
countries the female, in thefethe female out-liuechithe-male ; yerthe'male performeth
a labour with more alacrity, although che-female hane «he shárper fence of {mel-
V tm i we sedia ot tt i The
The nobleftkind of degs for che Hare keep home, vnleffe they be led abroad, and fil-
149
domebarke: they ake chébkbehioh Have thelongeft neckes, furwhick caufe, they vfe ferto.
this artificial inuention to fiet babes neckess they dig a deep fole in the earth, wherein
they fet the Grey-houn deities wn being hurigry thrufteth downe his head to take ir,
but finding it to be paft his reach, ftretchieth His néck aboue the meafure of natute;by cu-
ftome wherof, his neckeis very mucnlengthned.Other place the Grey-hound in a ditch,
and his meat aboue him,and fo he 1 eacheth vpward which is more probable.It is the pro-
perty of thefe Dogs to beangry withthelefler barking Curs , and they willnot run after
euery trifling beaft, by fecret inftin&tofnaturesdifcerning what kind ofbeaftis worthy or
vnworthy of their labor, difdaifime to meddle witha little or vile creature. They are nori-
flied with the fame that the fmaller hunting dogs are, and itisbetterto feedethem with
milk then whay. Thergare ofthis kind called Felzri, anid in Italian Yelsro,which haue bene
procreated bya PogandLeopardjand they axéaccounted the: fwifteftofall other. The
grey-hounds witiglsare mofbinrequelt amone the Germansare called! Vindfpill, alluding
to compare theit fwiftnies with che wind, the fame arcalfo called Turkifchwind and Hetz-
bund and Falco a Falcon, is aéottnon hamc whereby they callthefe Dogges, The French.
makemoftaccountet füch às arebred inthe mountaines of Dalmatia, orin any. other
mountains, efpecially of Turkey forfich haue hard feetslong-eares, and brifile tayles.
There are in Englandand Scotland, two kind ofhunting dogs, and no where elfe in allie
so. Worlds the firft kind they call inScodand Ame Rache, and this is a foot fmelling creature,
" both of wildebeatts; Birds, and Fifhes alfo; which lie hid among the Rockes, the female
hereofin England is calleda Brache, The fecond kind is called in Scotlanda Sluth-hound,
being alitde greater then the hunting hound, and in colour for the moft part browne, or
fandy-fpotted. The fegcgof {melling is fo quickeinthefe; that they;canfollow the foote-
d " theeus;dnt t Vethethehtith $iblende’ tdlthéyouercake ther sand ifthe theef
take the water, they caft in themfelues alfojarid Wim'to the other fide,where they find out
againeafreíh their former labor,vntill they find the thing they feeke for: for this is com-
mon in theborders of England and Scotland, where the people were wont-tolite much
vpon theft, andifthe dog brought his leader vnto any houfe, where they may not be fuf-
go fred tocomein, they tàke.it for granted, that there is both the ftollen goods and the theef
alfo hidded. 0 17 7/7 — d i:
<THE HVNTING HOVND OF
Scotland called "Rache, and m En-
() «-- glíhaHovmwr. |
s a Ope Bal — ^
net ee > ^ I 9
2 : ZB. "filli, "yy men Mbp eros SNNSSS »
LIA T. Z am
^ L : c
ex
—
—
a
} " " " 1 boe e À*
El -DST 9IIIDOUIOI 215 Y211J
n E j ; , ; a
ras tS NST? Fr er MIL
of Oh RA Arts
P
[I oA illii "olellid Ad AGL AY we A.
An iuuentié
to make a
Grey- hound
haue along.
necke,
The diet of a
good Grey-
hound.
TS
mL
E ti
TAA
€ M (e Eee E TET TET Bona a ee E xx
L enisi aae an 3 ee on IE ERE SET E TC E RAE EE EE m z
!
bs »
7 "d
bó
T7
"n
uA
M ^ 2j
M
e. n. L^
on
cA
m
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d Mus
A TOU
^ Ml m {
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The Hiffory of Foure-footed Beafts.
THE SLVTHHOVND OF
Scotland, called in Germany 48
a Schlatthund.
777 d
WEEE ! ^
A "we
7" "T lg, p, DAahe
nd t
2. THE ENGLISH, BLOYD-:
batbysds siscwobe 39H10 à HOVNDE.. [s lat nso vedi.
)
b E are to difcourfe ofleffer hunting: Dogs in particular, as we finde
«2 them remembredin any Hiftorics and defcriptions,Poets or other
27h Authors, accordingtothe feuerall Countries of their breede and
Et WW. {ISS education ; and firft for the Brittith Dogges, their nature and se
QR (d FS qualities heereafter you fhall haue in afeuerall difcourfe by itfelfe,
Lo gous The blood-hounde differeth nothing in quality from the Scottifh — ^
DEA Sluth hound ,fauing they are greater in quantity and not alway one |
POO a 6 and the fame colour, foramong them they are fometime red, fan-
ded, blacke, white, fp otted, and of fuch colour asare other hounds, but moft common-
LÀ
ly browne or red.
EN (—
Of Doeges.
The vertue of felling called in Latine Sagacitas, is attributed to thefeas tothe for-
mer hunting Hound; of whom wewillfirft of all difcourfe, and forthe qualities of this
fence which maketh the Beaft admirable, P/azzus feemeth to beof opinion, that it rc-
ceiued this title from fome Magitians or fage wifards (called Sag@)for chis he faith ; fpea-
king of this beaft: Canem hanc effe quidem Magis qar fuit : mafum adepoll fagax habet : Yt is
alfo attributed to Mife, not for fmelling, but for the fence of their palate or taft; andalfo
to Geefe: Ina Dogge it is that fence, which fearchech out and: detcryerh the rouftes,
If Ai
cin Curenll,
What fmel-
ling or faga-
city in Dogs
» 18«
*
fourmes; and lodgings of Wilde Beats , as. appeareth. in thisiverfeof Liaive Andro-
ICUS
j d
go Cum primis fida canum vis
10 22 i Dirigeoderie[quos ad certa cubilra canes. | yloisftio sue
And for this caufe it hath his proper Epithetsas:Odora canum vi[éspromif[acanum vise]
naribus acresycy vtilis : Pin¢ianus called thiskind Plasdi,forío did Feffes before him, and
the Germans, Spurhund, aud Leidthund, Iaghund, becaufe their eares arelong, chin, and
hanging down,and they differ notfrom vulgar dogs in any othet outward proportion,ex-
cept onely in their cry or barking voice: Mis ESTREMO
The nature of thele is, being fet onby the voice and Words ‘oftheir leader, to cafta-
bout forthe fitting of the Beaft, and fohauing found it; with continuall cry to follow after
it till icbe wearied, without changing for any other; fo that fometimethe hunters them-
ao felues takevp the beaft, at leaft-wifethe houndsfildome faileto kil it. They fildome barke
except in their hunting chafe; and then they. follow their gamethrogh woods; EA
thornes, and other difficult places, being alway obedient and attentiue £o their leaders
voice;foasthey may not goe forward when he forbiddeth, nor: yet remayne neere to
the Hunters, whereunto they are framed by Art and difcipline; rather chen by any natu-
rallinftin&t. on : ttu) ^O. (1 tbi 'O 30 : | aby WUSPNES
The White Houndesarefaid tobe the quickefbfented and füre(t nofed, and there-
fore beít for the Hare :the blacke ones for the Boare,and the red ones for the Hart and
Belkfarims
Roe : but heereunto I cannotagree, becaufe their colour (efpecially ofthe two later) are
toolike the game they hunt, although therecan be nothing certaine colle&ed of their co. |
qo lour;yetisthe blacke hound harder andbetter able to endure cold, thentheother which j
is white. In Italy they makeaccount of the {potted one, efpecially white and yellowifh, - 3j |.
for they are quicker nofed : they muft be kept tyed vp till they hunt, yetfoas they be let Y LE |
Joofe now and thena little to eafe their bellies, for itis neceffary that their kennell be kept D t T
Íweete and dry. sidera | |
. . Jtis queftionable how to difcernea hound ofexcellent fence, yet (as Blondus faith) ' j
thefquare and flat Nofe is the beft igne and index thereof : likewife a fmall head, hauing +4. chevee i
all his Legs of equall length, his breft not deeper then the belly, and his backe plaine to ofa koundeb j
histaile, his eies quicke, his eares long hanging,but fometime ftand vp : his tailenimble, the be# nofe. pmo |
and the beake of his Nofealway to the earth, and €fpecially fuch as are moft filent or bark 4 y?
leaft. ji CET SD LU
49 Therearefomeoftbat nature, who whenthey haue foundthe beaft they will ftaud ftill " a d
vntilltheir Hunter come, to whom in filence by their face, eie, and taile, they (hewtheir at ; nap
ame. Nowyouare to obferue, the diuers and variable difpofition of Houndes in their
findidg out the beaft: fome, when they haue found the footefteps goe forward without
any voice or other (hew of eare ortaile. Againe,another fort whenthey haue foundthe
footings of the beaft, pricke vp their eare a little, but either barke or wag their tailes; o-
ther will wag their taile but not moue their eares, other again wring their faces and draw uM
theirskins through ouer much intention, (like forrowfullperfons) and fo follow the fent BN DN wr
holding the taile immoueable. " | |
Therebe fomeagaine which do none of thefe, but wander vpand down, barking: about /
5° the fureftmarkes, and confounding their owne foot-fteps with the beaftes they hunt, ‘or “HI
elfe forfake the way, andío runne backe againe to the firftheade ; but when they fee the ER "MW
- Hare, they tremble andare affraid, not daring to come neare her, except fherunne away
firft : thefe with the other ,which hinder the cunning labors of their colleagues, trufting
to their feet, and running before their betters, deface the beft marke, or elfe hunt coun-
ter
Oppianus
152. The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
ter (as they termeit) take vp any falfe fcentfor the truth,or which is morereprehenfible,
never forfake the high waies,and yevhaue not learned to hold their peace: vnto thefeal-
fo you may adde, thofe which cannot difcerne the footings‘or prickings of the Hare;yet'
will they runne fpe edily when they fechersor elfeat the beginning fetforth very hot;and
afterward tyre, and giue oucr-lazily all thefe are not tobe admitted into the kennellof
good hounds.. cq sist losousladi 101 29d ailscit rt 20d 31M o3 bem ep Nu
But the good and aproued hounds onthe contraty,when the} haue found the Haresmake
fhew therofto the hunter, by running more fpeedilyjand with geiture of head jeyes,ears;
and taile,winding to the Hares mufe,neuer giue ouer profecution witha gallant noifejn6:
not returning to their leaders;leaftthey loofe aduantage : thefe haue goodandhardfeety roi
and are of ftately ftomacks not giuisg over for any hate,andfeare not the rockes or other
mountame placesyasthéPoetexprefieth mish: qz 129018 cid rad 30910755 2187 103 ba?
ig osc Qinelans prima canum ?.qaibus eff audaciapraeepsz com
(o cnQmenmeelatis rimantnrniribusaur as s "
d sogoEtperdmm olamoreferam domiunque vecaydo : ib vodtbnsuawob saisasd
p - Infequitur tumulo[que cants campofque perv omnes. 30000 1550 mi {lone vios
P1 Dey oy ob Fenándufegak virtus virefque fequendts o 35. id er Slorb losis st
ig a ol ot nunc demiffo queruntwefigiarofiras dos 3i 909 io nomo sd3g6
< Ns spo diterepitam quem (i collatis «fugit armis, I5 juodsbe boistow adi
5d | Nofter imárte labor pofitus,pesomuiusinilla eje, 2. | 22153 25
Andthereforealfoitis 00d oftentimes to lead thehounds to the mountaines for exer-
cife of their feet, when you haueno Hare orother beaft, 9s) sion overs 2263011]
c And whereas the nature of: his Hareis, fometimésto:leape and mike lheadipes;fome-
timero mead lofilywithoutaiy great imprelfion inthe carth; ot fometimesto liedówne
and euer to leape or iumpe outand in to hir owne forme or fitting , the poore houndis fo
much themore bufiedandtroubled td'retaine the {mall fauour of herfootin gs which fhe
leauetl) behind her: for this caüfealfo/ivis to be noted; that the hound muft be bolpenot
Thebeg — Oncly withthevoyce, éye and hand ofthe hunter; butalfo with a feafonabletime, foria
time ot hun. frofty weather thé favomncongealethand:freezeth withrthe earth; fo as you'cannot hunt
ting. withany.certainry votilatbaw thereof, or till the funnearife. i. 0053-0 506v
|. Likewife if rane fall betwixt the going of the Hareandthehunting time, youcannot
hunctill che water be dryéd vp; for the drops difverfethe fcent of the Hare and the diye
weat'et recolleð itagaine.. "The Summer timealfo:is not for hunting, by reafon die
heate of the earth confumeth the fauour, and the night being then but (bort;the Hare
traudileth but little,feedingonely inthe euening and morning. Likewife the fragrancy
... ofeuery greene herbeyeeldeth fucha fauour, as doth not alittle obliterateand ouerfway
thefauour ofthe beaft: and therefore 47757o£le in his wonders, fheweth that inz4zzpa in
> thefummer time, therearefuch plenty of fweece finelling flowers efpecially of violets,
which ouercomethe Noftrils ofthe: houndes ,fo asin waine they follow the Hare;"The
beft time there fore for hun ing with thefe hounds is the Autumneor fall oftheleafe,by- 4@ |
|... ¢aufe chat thenthe odours of herbs are weakned, andthe earth barerthen atotheptimes. *” |
The fr ^ - ‘The beftmanner toteachtheíe hounds:, isto cake liue. Hareand trayle herafter you vp-
imd of ontheearthjnow one way,now anothers andfo hauing drawen ita conuenient {pace hide
^ jtinthe earth; afterward fet forthy our hound neere thetraile, who takin gthe winderun:
nethtoand fro through Woods, fieldsypaftares; path-wayes,and hedges; vntill hefinde
which way the Hare is gon? bnt with afoftand gentle pace, vntill at length comming neer
thelodged Hare, he mendeth his: pace and beftirreth himfelfe more {peedily, leaping
vpon his prey like fome {erpent, orasan arrow fhot out ofa bow,and fo tearing it in pei-
ces orkilling it with ioy ,loadeth himfelfe with his conqueftand bringeth itto his maifter
with triumph,who muft receine both dogandit, with all tokens of loue intohis owne bo- e
fome, which thing caufed Neme/ian to write thus 5
Quiafreta fi Morinum dubio vefluentia ponto
- 5 O quanta eff merces C quantum tmpendia fupra
Protinus, bac una elt catulis iacf ura Britannis
Veloces,noflrique orbis venatibus aptas.
2G
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3€
| T M
| to
i} $0
206
"XLerriors.or Beagles. :thefewill {ec vpon Foxes and Badgers inthe earth, and by biting
a» Iexpellthem out oftheir Denns ;whereof Ari/totle reporteth a wonder, that onc of: them
40 followed. Foxe vader the ground.in Beotia,and there made fo oreat andyfeby barking,
Of Dogges.
Thereare diuers Country Dogges likevnto thefe, as the Geloniand Gnofy, which cau-
fed ouidtoreckonand cal Jchnobates one of Acf «ons Dogs Gnofius: whom Oppianus com -
pareth to the Polipws fill, which {melling in the waters the leaues of Olives, by the fent is
drawneto the land to eate them. The Spanifh Dogs whome the French call E/pagneulx ;
hauelong eates, butnotlike a Braches, and by their nofes hunt both Hares and. Contes,
theyare not rough bütímoothhaired. The 74/caz Dogs are commended by Neme/ian,
notwithftanding, they are not beautifullto looke vpon, hauing adeepe (haggy haire, yet
istheir game notvnpleafant. ...... ect Hots
Sepe Canums forma eft illis licet obfitavilla,
| Haudtamenineiucunda dabunt tibi munera pr «da.
cotqueetiam lepoyum fecreta cubilia monftrant ,
oy 5 Quin et Tufcorum non efl extremavoluptas.
TheYmbrian Doggeis {harpenofed, but fearefullof his fporte, as Grazius expreffeth.
^o vut exigit Vinber : nare [agax e calleferas, :
o At fugit aduer [ms idem quos efferent hoftes
| Tantaforet virtus s o tantum vellet in avimis,— ;
| Thes£zolian Dogs haue alfo excellent fmelling Nofes, andare not flow or fearefull,
whom Grati4s exprefiéth as followeth : |
: «er Etalaquacunque canis de flirpe malignum :
doy Senfruflyarninisproperat furor et tamenillud
Mirum qüam celeres cr quantum nare merentur :
Et clangore citat quos nondum confpicit apros, | officium, Ge. aasinati
The French Dogges are deriued or propagated ofthe Dogges of great Brittaine, and are
{wiftand quike fented, but not all;forthey haue of diners kindes as Gratius expreffech in
thefe words. 9) ib llo ensiaol! )
: Magnaque diner [os extollit gloriaceltas. SPEI, AS CEN
They are very fwift and not (harp nofed, wherefore they are mingled in generation with
the Ymbrian Dogges,andthereforehe celebrateth in many verfes, the praife of the firft
Hunter (as he takethhim. ) Hagno Beonins and his Dog Metagon : and afterward the Dog
Petronius, but it may be,that by Metagon, he meaneth the dogs of Lybia, becaufe there is
a Citty of that name:and by Petronins the dogs of Italy, for Pezrenia is a riuer that falleth
into 7zber.
The Gramarians cala Dog engendered of a hound and an ordinary French Dog,Verta-
$
gusatumbler;bycaufe he ferrech, himfelfe to hunting, and bringeth his pray to his mai-
fter, whereupon Martial] madethisDistichan:,. 5. | :
Non fel, [ed domino venatur vertagus acer | "NS
sien defun leporem qui tibi dente feret... P UM.
footherfmelling Dogges,called in the German tongue ( Lochhundle ) that is
E
y ftrange things which they
I 22
Ofthc hoüds
oí fundry
countrics,
ee -
i
“4
dad
1
Ure
TE
=
Xj ee ee
See
154.
Stroz.A,
of kinds in
procreation,
‘Pliny.
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Vntoall thefe fmelling Dogs, I may alfo adde the water Spagnell, called in French Bar-
beti,andin Germany (Wafferhund:)whots taught by his maifter to fecke for thinges that
are loft,(by words and tokens) and if he meet any perfon that hath taken them vp, he cea-
feth not to bay at him, and follow him til heappeare in his maifters prefence. Thefe alfo
will take water-foule, and hunt Otters and Beauers (although houndes alfo will doe the
Íame) and watch the ftroke ofa gunn when the fouler fhooteth, and inftantly run into the
water for the dead fowle, which they bring to theit Maifter. They vfeto fheare theirhin-
der parts, that fo they may betheleffe annoyed in fwimming ; whofe figure isin the bot-
tome ofthe former page defcribed.
Terrill,
Imay heerealfo adde the Land-fpani- 1o
ell, attending à Hawke, who hath ne
proper name inEnglith, except from
the foule he hunteth ; for which caufe
the French cal them dogs of the quails,
andthe Germaines Vagel-bund, afowle
hound, althoughall birdes little feare
Dogs except the Buftard, who hath a
heauy body andis not able to fly farre s
yet are thefe taught by Falconers to
retriue & raife Partridges,for they firft 45
takethemintothe fields & fhew them
Partriges, whom after they haue fauoured twice or thrice, by cuftomethey remember,
‘and being vncoupled will beftirre themfelues into all corners to finde them, being aftera
while very proud of emploiment,and very vnderftanding in their game : they are for the
moftpart white or fpotted, with red or blacke : the Pollonians call chem (Pebicnitzy ) &
apost defcribeth them thus:
Nare fagax alius campifque vndif. que volucres
Querit & aduncus bue
Difenrrit.
ce Sof the mixt kind of Dogs called in Englifh Manevelsor Mangvels 0 oe
Hofe we call Mangrels which thoughthey be on both fides;
propagated by Dogges. yet are they not ofone kind: for as
dtice doggs coupled with Affes, Leopards, Lyons;Tieres,
Apes, or any füch beafts, according to the old verfe 5 «^
Cani congeneres lupus, vulpes, Hyana Tyavis
So now itisordinaryfor the greyhound to. couple wich the
miaftiire, the hound withthe Grey-hotind the maftiue with
the Shepherds dog, and the thepherds ‘dog with ani¢é other
cur or Beagle) of thefe kinds we will now {peakin order And 4e
itis notto be omitted that this comixtion ofkinds have bin ^^
¥ 4 2)
k- . z 7
; Op 4 oz X
ES ize (Z6 2» Z
EC 7 o» LA
© A DC m ANE
indefeffus e illime 5. CT aula
t H I
es ‘Ale
;
‘jnuented by-hanters for the amendment of ome niatural fault or defé&rthey foundin the
Monophyli,that is, one finglekind, and fo heereby they added fonié qualities to their ‘kind
which they wanted before either in ftrength of body, or craft of wit : for they deriue both
Commixtis of thefe from their fires, wherfore Oppianus declareth that in the Conmmixtion of dogs,the
ancients coupled together thefe kinds, the Avcadians with the Elejamssthe Cretem/ans with
the Pconians, the Carians,with the Thratians, the Lacedemomans withthe Tyrrhenian, the
Sarmatian with the Iberian , & the Gallican dogs with the Vmbrian, becaufe they want the
quicke fence offmelling : according to thefe verfes :
Quondam incon[ultzs mater dabit vmbrica Gallis —.
Senfumagilem, traxere animes departe Gelone —’
Hyreano, @ vane tantum Calydonit lingua
Exibit vitium patre emendata Moleffo — |
Thefe dogs fo generated arepeculiarly termedin Greeke Hybris and Hybridaas Porphy-
7ius writeth. The French Wolues were wont to haue a dog fortheir captain or leader,and
itisordinary for wolues& dogs to couple together as by experience it hath bin obferued:
29
i"
—
—
—
‘i
Wer -
Of Dogges. 155
And it iscertaine that maftiue dogshad their firft beginning fromthis copulation, wher-
fore Virgillcalleth one ofthefe dogs Zyeifea,
Referen[que lupum toruo ore Lycifca. j
| The dogs which are bred of Thoes, are commended for their rare qualities and vnder-
| ftanding parts in the time ofwàrres, by Hagnon Beottus in thefe verfes 5
| Hic c femiferam thoum de fanguineprolem ;
I4 Sen norit voces Seu Nudi ad ptgnora martis |
| Ee fubiere aflu, & paruis demuere lacertis
vulpina fpecie. | fe
10 The Dogges of Hircania doe of themfelues runne into the Woods, (like adulterers)
and feeke outthe Tygtés to engender with them, which thing Gratiws remembreth ele-
gantly in maay verfes : ROOT 02153225: :
| Vitroque grauis fi necedere Tigrim
| SS Ayfacanis,maiore tulit de [anguine foetum :
^ Exéutiet filun magnuspugnator adepta : | Uil OfDobsdg-
| Inthe ranke ofthefe Mangrels, I may adde in the next place thofe Dogges, called by the tenders and
| — the Grecians Symimafchi,and Somatophylakes, becaufethey attend vpon menin theirtra- *fenderson
| uelles andlaborsto deferidthem; andaretaught to fight for them, bothagainft men and Blondus,
| other beaftes 5 wherein they areas ready both totake knowledge of violence offered to
2e their maifter,andalfoto reuenge or hinder it,asa reafonable creature can be. Thefeare
called ofthe Latines Ciney fecj defenfores,{ociable dogs ; of which there be two forts, the
firít, isleffer ; bécing of rough and long curled haire, his head couered with long haire, e4elianus
ofa pleafant and tra&table difpofition neuer going far from his maifter,fuch wasthe Dog
of Zobit, and the Dog of Codrus the Poet, called Chiron, whereof Iuuenall maketh menti-
'on 5 whofe beneuolenceand ready tind toward their keepers and norifhers may appear
by this ftory of Colophonivs. — 7 biti’
~Vpon afeafon he witha Servant, anda Dog, went to a certaine Mart to buy merchan- 4 hiftory of
dife, and'asthey trauaileds his Seruant which caried the purfe, diuerted alittle out of the es E
€ e. SUN acida : . Viv b ofa Dog and
|. Wwaystoperforme the worke ofnature, and the dog followed him: which being done, hee and cac to
"3o fergatto take vp the purfeofmony that had fallen from him to the ground in that place, keeps bis
and fo departed ; the dóg feeing the puiffe, lay downebefideit and flirrednota foot ; af- eod iet
terwardthemayfter and man went forward, miffing their dog, and nottheir money,vn- ‘Tzetzes.
tillthey cameto their mart or faire} and then for want of money were conftrained to re-
turne backeagaine without doing any farther thing : wherforethey refolued to go backe
againe the fame way they came, to feeifthey could heare of their mony, atid at laft when
they cameto'the place where the Setuanthad left the purffe, there they found both Dog
and monie togither ; the poore cur {carceable to fee or ftand for hunger: when he faw his
naifterand thederuant come vnto him, hee renoued from the earth, but life noc able to -
tary any longer in Bis bodie,at oneandthe fame time inthe prefeace of his friendes and
i. norifliers healfo died; and tooke of them both his laft farewell, through thefaithfull cu-
4? flodieoftlieir forgotten goods ;forwhich it is apparant, thatone part of their faithful dif-
pofitianís;to keepe theirnourifhers goods corritted vnto them, as fhall beafterwarde
moreatlarge rianifefted. TAE jpn SIG 2u WEIQ 03 YARGMOD Ev 1
Their'watchfull care over their maifters: may appeare alfo by thefe ftoriesfollowing, 7,4,
for the dogs of xapzippu followed their maifter to the (hip, at what time hewasforewar- _».,.,),,
ned by the Oracle to depart out of Athens, by reafon of the Perfians war inGreece, and ~ 1%
fothey failed with him'to Salamineyand asthey failed, by thewaie he commanded one of
theni'to be caft intó the fea; who continued fwimming afterthefhip vntiltheedied,for —.....-
ia which taufe his maifter buried hima ^5. 002 000 ian D601 15270 xà :
so, When Galonthe Syracujanyivhisfleepehada fearefull dreaine that hee was ftrucken
| 7" with fre from heanenjand withimpreffion offeare, eryed out very lamentàblyshisdog |, clepiade
lise befide him tand thinking thar {ome perill ot theefe was doing violence tohis mai- ob"
ying ven à B omep PD eAlianus
ter; hie prefentlieleadedvp tothe bed, and with fcratching and barking awaked him, and pj;
fo was he deliuered*fiom’a horrible feare. by the barking ofthis Dogges" ^7 7
The Tyrians which have the beftand che firftputplein the world, are faid íi asia to
aug
jt
PII
ME An i
I
ay
eS cm ce MEN c
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The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
haueitby the firft occafion of Hercules dog. Hercules falling in loue witha INimph called
7jro and trauelling toward her with his dog he faw the purple fith creeping vpon a ftone,
the hungry dog caught the fifh to eat it, and hauing deuouredit, his lippes were all dyed
or coloured withthe fame : when the virgin Nymph faw that colour ypon; the dogs lips,
fhe denied the loue of Hereules,except he could bring hera garment of that colour,wher-
upon the valiant man knowing by what occafion the dogges lips receiued fuch a tinéture,
went and gathered all the purple fifaes and Wormes hee coulde finde, and preffing their
blood out of them, therewithall coloureda garment and gaueitto the Nymphe ; for re-
ward whereof, he pofleffed the virgin,being by this meanes the firft iauentor of the Phoe-
aifizap tincture. 0G v rie Yoaul Meret zi cott ast
Among thefeare to be remembied thofe louing Dogges, who cither haue fought for
their maifters and fo defended them, or elfe declared them that murdered theirkeepers,
or that which is more admirable, leapedinto the burning fires which confumed the dead
bodies of their norifhers.Such an one was the dog of Ca/pusy who being flaine ina cer-
taine ciuill warreat Rome, and his enemies comming about. him to.cut off his head, his
poore dog interpofed his body betwixt the blowes, and would not fuffer any foe once to
touch his maifters carcaffe, vntill by more then fix hundred fouldiors the dog was, cut in
see ,fo living anddying a moftfaithfull companion andthankefull friend to him that
fedhimss s2csioiy ie oe! | vbt: pv Pps
The like was ina dog of Darius the laftking ofthe Perfians,after he was flain by. Be/us &
Narbazanes in the bat tell againft Alexander, and fo didthe dog of Sz/amiez fight, for his
Maifter againft theeues,and when he was flaine; hee departed net fromthe:body, but
kept it warily from Dogs, Birds or wilde Beafts;fitting vpon bispriuy parts, andicouering
themvntilltheRoman captaines came and buryed it»... ..) iae RSTO
But moftadmirable wasthe loue ofa certaine dogtohis maifter puni(hed with, death
for thefa&againft Germanicus. Among other this dog wouldneuer go from the prifon,
and afterward when his maifters dead bodie was broghtintheprefence of many Romans,
thecur vttered moftlamentable and forrowfüll cries; for which:caufe one of the. compa-
. nythrewvnto him fome meat;tofee if that would;ftoppe his mouth, and procure filence:
utthepoorédog tooke vp the meat and caried ito his maifters mouth, not without tbe
fingularpaffion of the beholders :atlaft thebody was taken vp and caft intothe riuer 77-
ber,the poore dog leaped inafter it; andendcauored by allthe meanes his weaknes could
afford jto keep it froma finking jn the prefence of aninumerable multitude; which without
téarés could not looke vpon the louing care of this brute beaft..... s (por yk s
The dogs ef Gelon, Hieron, Lyfimachus, Pyrrbusking of Epirus, Polus, the Lragoedian,
and Theodorus, leaped into theburning fires which confumed their maifters dead bodies.
Nicias acertaine hunter going abroad in theswoods; chauncedto fall into a beape. of bur
ning coales, haning io helpeabont him but his dogs there he perifhed, yet they ranne
tothe high waies and ceafed not with barking arid'apprehencing the garments of paflen-
gers,to fhewvhtothem fome direfill euént : andatJaftone of the. travailers followed the
dogs, andicame to the place where they fawthe man confümed, and by.that conie&ured * ?
the wholeftory.The like did the dogs of Marias Cefarinus for by, their howling. ther pro-
cured company todraw him out ofa deepe Caue,whereinto he was fallen.on. horfe-back,
and hadchere perithed( being aloneyexcepthis hounds-had.releafed him :Burthat dogs
willalfobewray the murtherers:of their friends and maifters thefe ftories following; may
orsofmur- jeuidently rüanifefk 0:5 dijo AX
ders
Plutarch.
E La aes sey iy^ CHOI IO Jio TING OF BBB: 2 IBIYG 05
to AsKinig Pyzrhus by chance tranailed inhis countrey;.hefounda dog keeping adeade
corps anche perceiued that the dog was alimoft pined, by tarryingaboutxhe bodywith
out allfood, wherefore taking pittie on the beaft,he caufedthe bodyito be intezred, and
by giuing the dog his belly full of meat,hie drew him toloue him;and.foled-him awaie:
afterward a$ Pyrrhus muftred his fouldiouts;andenery oneappeared in his prefence, the
** dogalfo being befide him, he faw thé murtherersof his maifterj and. fo not. containing
himfelfe Withvoice, tooth, and naile, he fct vppon them. the king-fufpeting thatwhich
followd, examined them if euer they had feen or knovinthat dog they deniedit,bugthek.
not fatisfied; charged thém that furely they were the murtherers of the dogs maifters(fot
EET... . the
IO |
20
jo
49
5°
Of Dogges. »
the dog allthis while remained fierceagainftthem)and neuer barked before their appea-
| — sance,atthelaft cheirguilty confctences brake forth at their mouthes and tongues end,
| and fo confeffed the whole matter. arma oL iiensshs iot vis
Thelike was oftwo French Merchants which trauailed togither} and whea they cama Blondus.
intoa certaine wood, one ofthem rofeagain(t the óther for defire of his money, and fo
| flew him and buried him.His dog would not depart from theplace, but filled the woodes
| | withhowlingsaad cries;the murtherer wentforwardein his ioürncy, the peopleand in-
| habitants neer the faid wood, cameandfound boris. murdered coros and alfo the do
^» whichthey tookevp and nourifhed til thefaire was.done and the merchants returned, ac
re whichtime they watched the high waies hauing the»dog with them, who feeing the mur-
thérer inftantly made force at him without al prouocationjasa man would do athis mot-
tall enemy which thing caufed the pebple to apprehend him, who being examined scons
157
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| » 'To:conclude this difcourfe wittione memorableflory more out of Blondus, whorela- I LR
| — teththatthere wasa certaine maid. necr Parts, who was beloued oftwo young men; one d
| of them orf dayetooke his ftaffeand his Dogandwentabroad(as;it wastliought of pur b
|. pofeto goto his loue)but it hapnedthat by the way-he was murtheréd: and buited,;-& the We eh AME
| dog would not depart from the graue of his maifter:: at the lat he being miffed by his fa- V UM E. aie
| ther and brethren, one of them wenvalfo:to feeke bim and fee what was become.of him, n |
)) &e andfo fecking found tbe dog lyiug;vpon his graue,who houled pittifully when hefaw his ||
maifters brother : the young man caufed the ground «o be opened , and fo founde the p
wounded corps of his brother, which he broughtaway & caufed to be buried til the mur: |
therer could be defcried.:áftezwa: din procefle of time the ddggeintheprefence ofthe ^77
dead mans brethren efpied the murtherer, and prefently made force vponhim very ea»... Me
gerly;which the brethren fufpeétiag,aprehended him;andbroghthimbeforethegouer. 555550» we
‘nors of the citty, who:examining him with all the policies they could inuent,what{hould ae |
bethe occafion why the dog fhould fo eagerly. fy vppon him aralltimes,whenfoeuer hee . n Pans
was brought into his prefence, could not getany confeffion of the fa& ftom him ; then EC nu
|| the magiftrate adiudged thatthe young man and the Dogge fhould combate toge- | b
3 y cher. As E vn |i usd
4 The Dog was couered with a dryfod skin inftead ofarmor, and che murtherer witha ey
fpeare, and on his body a litte thin lianen cloath, both came forthto the fight and fo che ae ae |
man prefently made force at the dog, who leaping vp tothe faceofthe murtherer cooke — ea
| him faft by the throat, and overthrew him,whereatthe wretch amazed ,cryed out,faying, i
| take pitty on me you reuerend fathers, and pull off the dog from my throar,and I will con- à
| feffe al the which they performed and helikewife. declared thecaufe arid manner ofthe a i
whole murther, forwhich thing hewas deferuedly puttodeath.And thus farofthelefler . 1 eat
fociable dogs, nowfolloweth the fecond kind of the greater. : : Joneiesppotl wit situs TT |
| 'Thegteater fociable Dogs of defence are fuchiasfouldiors vfein watres;or elíearea- aud. — dit M
| &- euftomed to kcepe boufes orcattell. This kind ought to be horrible, fierce; ftrange and The greater Ti ys
| vnacquainted with all except his maifter, fo that hebe alway at daggers drawing ;and rea- e Saft np ! L
| dytofight with all which fhall butlay taeir handes vppona him, for which caufe seron | DM
| hecisto bee inftru&ed fromhis littering orinfancy byart and condnuall difcipline, ^^ DIM uu
|
|
to fupply inhim the defe&s ofnature :lechimbe often prouoked to wrath by boies, and i'd Ln
and afterward as he groweth, letfome ftranger fetvppon him with Weapon, as ftaffeor | |
fword, with whomlet him combate till he be wearied, and then let him teare fome peece | | Tu Td !
oftheprouokers garment, that fo he may depart with a conceitofvi&ory,afterthefighe «01. P | |
tic him Vp fatt, and fuffer him notte flraggle loofe abroad, but feed him thustyedvp,fo ^^ —— 8
|. shallhein-short time proouea ftrong defender, and eager combatantagainftall men and
"4| 5. beafts which cometo deale with him.Of this fort they nonrish many in Spaine and in o-
|. 9* ther places. iis d n |
| ~ Suchanonewasthe Dogge of Phereu the tyrant of The/falye, being a very greateand pee i ne |
| fierce beaft, and hurtful! to all, except them who fed him dayly. Hevfedto ferthis Dogge deen ae eh:
| — athis chamber doreto watch & gard him when heflept, thatwhofoere was afraid ofthe — mue: 7
| Dog, mightnotaproach neare without exquifitetorments, sdzgeas gaue one oftliefeto | HORE
IE | P the i P»
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ETT AC
| 158 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beajts.
the Poet Expolis, who taughthim by many fignesand geftures for the loue of his meate;to
obferue his feruant Ephialtes,ifatany time he ftole money from him. Andatthedaft, the
wily Dog obferued the feruant fo narrowly, that he found himirobbing his maifters cof-
fers : wherefore he in {tantly fell vppon him and tore him in pieces. The which Dog after.
ward died for forrow of his’ maifters death wherupon Aelian faith thatthe place of his
death in «ina was called the place of mourning; to the day of his writing... ^. q
; Nicomedes ing of Bythinia hadiete ofthefe Moloffsian great Dogs, which he norifhed
Txetzes. — verietenderly, and madeit very far Siar with him felfe: ic fell out ona time, thatthis king
Aris" — being indalliance with his wife Ditizele.in the prefence ofthe Dog, and fhe againehang- 1o
ing about the kingsnecke, kiffing and prouoking him to loue with amorous geftures, the ©
Dog thinking (he had beene offering fome violenceto his maifter the king, prefendy flew
vpon her, andwith his teeth pulled her right (houlder from her bodie,and foleft theamo-
A cel mure TOUS Queen to diein thearmes ofherlouing husband : which thing caufed the king toba-
therotaQ. nilhthe Dogge for euer out of his fight, for forrowwhereof he foone after died; but the
bya Degge. Queenewas moft nobly buried, at Nicomedia in a golden fepulcher : the which was ope-
nedin the gaigne of the Emperour Michaell, fonne of Theophilvs , and there'the womans
body was Bund whole and not purified, being wrapped ina golden vefture, which taken
off arid tried in furnace, yeilded abouean hundred and thirteen pounds of pure gold. .:
When a Dragon was fetting vppon Orpheus, as he was occupied in hawking, by his
Dogs his lite was faued and the Dragon deuoured. And when Calius one of the Senators 2e
of Placentia being ficke, was fet vpon by certaine lewd fellowes, he reeceitied no wounde
till his Dog wasflaine.
brem 5 Therewasneuerany thing more ftrange in the nature of Dogs, thenthat which hap-
ry ot the dog ned at Rhades befiegedby the Turke, forthe Dogges didthere defcerne betwixt Chrifti-
of Rhodes ^ ansand Turkes; fortoward the Turkesthey weremoft eager, furiotis, and vnappeafable,
buttowards Chriftians although vnknowne, moft eafie;peaceableand placidious,which
thing caufed a certaine Poctto write thus :
His auxere fidem quas noftrofulua fub ere
Arua, ci Carpathy defendit littora ponti. Pai 391
Peétora thoracum tunica [aerumqueprofano
Miratur, nutritque Rhodos, cuftodibus illis
It noces animo[a Phalanx innexa trilias .....
Seligit, & blande exceptum deducit ad vrbem.
Therewere two hundred of thefe Dogges which brought the king of Garamants from
Alanw, — bánifhment,refcuing him from all thatrelitted. The Colophontanand Caftabalenfian or Caf
Texto. pian Doggesfought inall their battels : folikewifethe Cambrian ,Hircantan, and Magnefian
Ply... "Dogs:thefealfo the Spaniards vfed in. Zadia to huntoutthe naked people, falling vppon
Pet.Martyr. chem as fiercely as euerthey would vpon Bores, or other wilde beafts, being pointed vn- 40 |
j3 to by their leaders finger. And for this caufe was it, that Ya/ehus the Spaniard caufed Pa-
eferued pu : LA : : J
o erece br eraan Indian Lord,and three other his wicked companions to be caftvnto Dogs for their
vnnxurlco. ynnatürallluft : but the inhabitants of Caramair and Carib, doe driue away the Dogges, for
pulation s : tjt her : /
through their admirable aiuitie in cafting dartes, they pierce the Dogges ere euer they
comenearethem with poyfonedarrowes. Andthus much for the greate warlike defenfiue
Dogs.
The Shep- “Inthe next place followeththe Shepheards Dog,called by Virgil, Pecuariue Canis:and
heads Dog. this cannot properly be tearmed a dumbekeeper, for there is no creature that will more
ftirre, bake and moue noife, then one of thefe againft thiefe or wilde beaft. They areal-
fo vied by Heardf-men, Swine-heards, and Goatc-heards, to driue away allannoyances 5° |
from their Cattell, andalfo to guide and gouernethem, in executing their maifters plea-
fure vpon fignes giuen them, towhich of the ftragling beaftes they oughtto make force.
“Neither is it requifite that this Dog be fo large or nimbleas is the Greyhounde, whichis
apointed for Deer and Hares.
-. Bucyet thathebe ftrong,quick,teady and vaderftanding,both for brauling & fighting,
i fo
,
EA
Of Dogges.. 159
| — foas he may feare away and alfo follow (ifneed be) thératiening Wolfe, and take away *
| — theprey outof his mouths wherefore a{quare proportion of body is requifitein thefe
| beafts,anda tolerable lightnes of foot, fuch as isthe village dog,vfed onely to keep hou-
fes,and hereofalfo they arethebeft, who hauethe greateft or lowdeft barking voices,& Columelia,
are notaptto leape vpon euery ftraunger or beaft they fee, but referue their ftrength ill
the iuft time of imployment. 7^. ea batdn
They approue alfo in this kindaboueallether,thewhite colour; becaufe inthe night Blond
| timethey arethe more eafily difcernd from the Wolfe; or other noifome beaft; for ma- iacit
| «- nytimesit falleth outthat the Shepheard in the twy-light, ftriketh his Dog inftedofthe Forte.
| go Wolfe :thefe ought to be well faced, blacke or dusky eies, and correfpondent Noftrils
|. ofthe famecolour withtheir cies, blacke ruddylippes, a crooked Camoyfe nofe, a flat
| — chapwith two greatbroches of long ftraight sharpe teeth growing out thereof, couered
| — withtheirlips,a great head, greateates,a broáübreaít;a thicke necke, broadand folide
| fholders, ftraightlegs, yet rather bending inward then ftanding outward ; great and thick
feet, hard crooked nailes ja thicke taile which groweth leffer to the end thereof, then at
the firftioyntnext the body, and che body all rugged withhaire, for that maketh the dog
more terrible ; and thei affo it is requifite thathe be provided ofthe beaftbreede, ney-
ther buy him ofahunter (for füch an one will begone atthe fightofa Deer dt Hare)nor
yetofa Butcher, for it willbe fluggith ; therefore take him yong, and bring him vp con-
| eo tinuallyto attend fhicepe, forfo will he be moft ready, tbat i$ trained vppe among Shep-
heards. f | bi ; 190^ | ri « oe seen ra ^
© They vfealfo to couer their throat and necke with large broadcollars, prickedthrogh ,,,,,,,
witlrnailes; for elfe ifthe wilde beaít bite them inthofe places the doge is eafily killed +, Fronto.
but being bitten atany other place he quickly auoideth the wound. Theloucoffuch to the. Ths loue of
cattel they keepe is very great, efpecially to fheep 5 for when Publius Aufidius Pontianus, 20880 ihe
cattell the
bought certaine flockes of Sheepein thefartlieft part of/msbria and brou ght Shepherds eta. :
Strabo
- with himto driue them home; with whome the dogs wetit along vnto Heraclea, andthe i o EM ;
Metapontine coafts, where the drouets leftthe cattell; the dogs for loue of the Sheepe yet 1 HAN
continued andattended them, without regard of any man, and forraged in the fields for » 1 hy
| i
1 3o Ratsand Mice to eat; vntill at length they grew weary and leane, and fo returned backa- pail!
gaine vnto /mbriaalone, without the conduc of men, to their firf'maifters,being many p TED
daiesiourney from them. Meer H i
y. Itis good to keep many of thefe together, atthe leaft two for euery flock,tgat fo when PEG |
one ofthemis hurt or fick,the herd be not deftitute: & it is alfo good to haue thefe male 4 ni |
and female, yet fomev{e to geld thefe, thinking that for this caufe they will the more vi- wa
gilantly attend the flocke: howbeit 1 cannot affent hereunto, becaufe they are too gentle
andleffe eager when they want their {tones. They are to be taken from their dam at two
monethsold, and not before: and itis not good to give them hot meate, for that will en- E
réafe in them madnes, neither muft they taft any of the dead carkaffes of the, Cattell, as i
J^ leftthat caufe them to fal vponthe lining;forwhen once they haue taken aímatch of their ' : ji ld |
"n bloodor flefh,you thal fildom reclaim thé from that deuouring appetite. The vnderftan- a
| ding of thefe Shepherds dogs is very great, (efpecially in England) for the Shepherdswil . . a
|
| there leaue their dogs alone with the flocks,and they are taught by cuftome,tokeepethe — tU NM
sheep within the compaffe of their pafturc;and difcern betwixt graffe and cornsfor when .. : a
they fec the sheep fallvponthe corne,they run and driue them away from that forbidden E
fuit of their own acord;and they likewife keep very fafely their maifters garments & vi-
Guals,fromall annoyance vntill their return. Ther is in Xenophon a complaint of the sheep
tothe shepherds concerning thefe dogs:we maruel(faid the sheep)at thee,that feeing we ;
vecldthee milk, lambs;and cheefe,whetupon thou feedeft 5 neuertheles thou giueft vnto A prctty fas |
i, Vs nothing butthat which groweth out ofthe earth, which we gather by our own induftry; ble ofthe
| |
, | and whereas the dog doth none ofal thefe,him thoufeedeft with thineown hand, & bred Doge. ^ “a IRAM E
| from thine own trencher : the dog hearing this complaint ofthe sheep,replyed ; that his HAN
xewardattheshepherds hand was iuft, andno more then he deferved, for (faide hee) I QM i
| .. ]ooke vntoyou,and watch you from the rauening Wolfe, and pilfering theefe, fo as if te aay
| once I forfake you, then it will not bec fafe for you, to walke in your paftures, HD |?
Pia | : for )
gn
160
The colour
‘of this Dog.
Of marriners
degs on fhip-
board
Vegetins
Artemdorus
Ariftotle,
Gyraldus
pes
of f emples.
Dion Chri[o.
Gyraldus
(Calis
The Hiftorie of Fd ooted Beafts.
for pertillof death, whereunto thegheepe yeelded,and not replyed to the reafonablean-
{wer of fo vnreafonableabea(t;andthis complaint you muft remember was vttered when
Sheepe could {peake, as well as men, or elfe it noteth the fooli(h murmuring of fome
vulgarperfons,againft the chiefe minifters of ftate, that are liberally rewarded by the
princes owne hands , for their watchful cuftody of the common-wealth, and thus much
for the fhepheards Dogge. |
OF THE VILLAGE DOGGE
-— or houfe-keeper. Ma |
‘His village Dogge oughtto be fatter and bigger then the
Shepheards Dog, ofan elegant, {quare and trong body;be-
ing blacke coloured, and great mouthed, or barking bigys
that fo he may the more terrific the Theefe, both by day
and night, for in the night the beaft may feize vpon the rob-
ber before he ditcerne his blacke skinne, and therefore a
fpotted, branded, party-coloured Dogge isnotapproued.
His head oughtto be the greateft part of his body, hauing
great eares hanging downe, and blacke eies in his head,a
broade breatt, thicke necke, large fhoulders, ftrong; Legs,
arough haire, {hort taile yand great nailes: his difpofition muft not beto fierce, nor yet
to familiar, for fo he will fawne vpon the theifeas wellas his maitters ftiend. Yet i$ it good
that fometime he rife againftthe houfe-hold feruantes, and alway againft ftrangers, and
fuch they muft be as can winda ftranger a farre off, and defcry him to his maifter by bar-
king as bya watch-word and fetting vpon him, when heapprocheth neere if he be prouo-
ked. Blondus commendethin this kinde, fuch as fleepe withone eie openandthe other
fhut,foas any fmall noyfe or ftirre wake andraife him. Ítis not goodtokeepe many
of thefe curft Dogs together,and them fewe which bee kept muft beetyed vppe in the
day time, that fo they may be more vigilant in the night when they are letloofe. There
are of this kind which Marriners take with them to Sea, to vreferue their goodes on
fhip-board, they chofethem of the greatel bodyes and lowdeftvoice,like the Croatian
Dog, refembling a Wolfe in haire and bigneffe, and füch as are very watchful , according
to the faying of the Poet. |
Exagitant & lar, c turba Dianiefures
Peruicilantque lares peruigilantquecanes.
And f{uchalfo they nourifh in Towers and Temples; in Towers.thatfothey may defcry
theapproching enemy when the Souldiers are atleepe:for which caufe, Dogs feenein
fleepe, fignifiethe carefull and watchfull wife, feruants, or Souldiers, which forefee dan-
gers and preferue publique and priuate good.
There wasin Italy a Temple of Pallas, wherein were referued the axes, inftruments,and
armour of Diomedes andhis colleages,the whichtemple waskept by Dogges, whofe na-
ture was, (asthe Authour faith) thatwhen Grecianscame to that Temple, they would
fawne vponthemasifthey knew them; butifany other countrey men came, they fhewed
themfelues Wild, fierce, andangry againft them. The like thing isreported ofa Temple
of vulcanin. £44, wherein was preferued a perpetuall and vnquencheable fire, for the
watching whereof, were Dogges defigned ; who would fawneand gently flatter vponall
thofe which came chaftly and religioutly to worship there, leading them into the Temple
like the familiars oftheir God ; but vpon wicked and euill difpofedleude perfons, they
barked and raged, if once they endeauored fo muchas to enter either the VVood or tem-
ple; butthetrue caufe hereof was, the impofture of fome impureand deceiteful, vnclean,
diabolical foirits. And by thelikeinftin@, Scipio Affricanus was wont to enter into the Ca-
pital, and commaund the Chappel of Jupiter to be openedto him, at whom no one of the
keeper-Dogs would euer ftir which caufedthemen-keepers of the templemuchto mar-
vaile, whereas they would rage fiercely againft all other: whereupon Stroza madethefe.
verfes, falfely imputing this dmonical]illufion to diuine renelation. Quid
r
Td
20
30
49.
5°
!
"Of Dogger-. o cox 35 Y 161
Quid tacitoslinquam quos veri baud nifcia Crete
Nee femper mendax , ait aurea templa tuentes
Pareereque hand villi folitas, (mirabile dictu)
Deifalyanei Aratos fenioris ad oya 3
Non magico Cantu fed quod diuinitus illis
..- Infitavis omnio virtutis quara latentis. - iq
The like ftrangething is reportedofa Temple or Church inCraconia; dedicatedto the
Virgin Mary, wherein every nightare an affembly:of dogs, which vntothis day (faith the Scbreberg.
Author) meete voluntarily at an:appointed houre,for the cuftody of the Temple, and
10 thofe oriaments whichare preferued: therein againft thecfes and robbers: and if it for-
tuneany ofthe Doggesbe negligentand flackeat the houreaforefaide. then will he bark
aboutthe church vntill he bee letin,but his fellowes take punifhment of him, and fallon
him biting and rending his skinne; yea fometime killing him and thefe Dogs haue afet
dyetor allowance of dinner, fromthe €Canons'and preachers of the Church, whichthey:
dudy obferue without breach of orders for to day twoe of them will goe to one Cannons’
houfe, and two to anothers,and fo likewifealthe refidue in turnes fucceffiuely vifitthe fes
uerallhoufes within the cloyfter yard ;neuer going twice together to one howfe,nor pre-
uentingthe refe&ionoftheirfellowes ;andthe ftory is reported by dmtonins Schneberge-
vue for certaine truth, vpon his owne knowledge.
"OF THE MIMICKE OR GETVLI-
| an Dogge, and the httle MeliteaanDogges
of GBNTLEVVOMBN,
Hereis alfo inEngland two other fortes of dogs, the figure
‘| fof the firftis heere expreffed, being apt to imitateal things it tm Cay
Qd feeth, for which caufe fome haue thoght,thatit was cóceiued The sa ce.
Dy id | by an Ape, for in wit & difpofition icrefembleth an ape, but neration of
in face fharpe and blacke like a Hedghog, hauing a fhort re- Fetes
curued body, very long legs ,fhaggy haire,and a {horttaile: T
“|| this is called offorne(Camis Lucernarius)thefe being brought
vp with apes in their youth, learne very admirable & firange
feats, wherof there were great plenty in Ee)pr in the time Of The feates of
mal king Prolory,which were taught toleap,play & dance,at the dogs.
. l3 hearing
Pina M t
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
hearing of muficke, and in many poore mens houfesthey ferued infteed offeruants for
diuers vfes.
Thefe arealfo vfed by plaiers and Puppet-Mimicks to workeftraunge trickes, forthe
Alberts — fightwhereofthey getmuch money : fachanone was the Mimicks dog, of which Plu-
tarch writeth that he faw ina publicke fpectacleat Rome before the Emperor /¢/pafian.
The dog was taught to acta play, wherein were contained many perfons parts, I meane
the affections of many other dogs : at laftthere was giuen hima piece of bread, wherein
as was {aide was poifon, hauing vertueto procurea dead fleepe, which he receiuedand
fwallowed ; and prefently after the eating thereof hebegan to reeleand ftagger tooand
fro like a drunken man, aud fell downe to the ground, asifhe had bindead, andfolaiea 16
good {pace not ftirring foot nor lim, being drawne vppe and downeby diuers perfons,ac-
cording as the geftureofthe play he a&ed did require, but when hee perceiued by the
time and other fignes thatit was requifite to arife, he fir(t openedhis eies, and lift vp his
head a lide, then ftretched forth himfelfelike as one doth when he rifeth from fleepe; at
the laft vp he geteth and runneth to him to'whom that part belonged,not without the ioy
and goed content of C ¢/ar and all other the beholders.
- Tothis may be added another ftory ofa certaine Italian about the yeare 1403. called
Andrew who hada red Dog with him of ftrange feats, and yet he was blind. For ftanding
in the Market place compaffed about witha circle of many people, there were brought
by the ftandersby many Rings, Iewels,bracclets and peeces of gold and filuer,and there 2@
within the circle were couered with earth, then the dog was bid to feeke them out, who
with his nofeand feet did prefently find and difcouer them, then was hee alfo commaun-
dedto giue to cuery one his owac Ring, Iewell, Bracelet, or money, which the blind dog
did performe dire&ly without flay ordoubt. Afterwardtheftandersby, gaue vnto him
diuers peeces of coine, (tamped with the images of fundry princes, and then one called
for a piece of Engli(h money, and the Dog deliuered hima peece, another for the Em-
perors coine, andthe dog deliuerd hima piece thereof :and fo confequently euery prin-
ces coineby name, tillall was reftored ; andthis-ftory is recorded by Abbas Vr[pergenfis,
whereupon the common people faid the dog was a diuell or elfe poffeffed with fome py-
thonicall fpirit : & fo much for this dog. 30
Sido There is atowne in Pachysius ,a promontory of Sicily (called Melita) from whenceare
Ofthe Meli- tranfported many fine little Dogs called CMelzt.e canes) they were accounted the Iewels
tzanDogs of women, but nowthe faid towne is poffefled by Fifher-men,and there is no fuüch recko-
ning made of thofeteader little dogs, for thefe are not bigger then common Ferrets, or
Wedfils, yet are they not{mall in vnderftanding, nor mutable in theirloueto men : for
which caufe they are alfo nourifhed tenderly for pleafure; whereupon camethe prouerbe
Melita Catella, for one nori(hed for pleafure, & Camis digno throno, becaufe princes hold
them in their hands fitting vpon their eftate.
Theodorus the tumbler and dauncer had one of thefe which loued himfo well, that at
his death he leaped into the fire after his. body. Nowa daies, they hauefoundanother 49
Blondus, breede of little dogs in all nations,befide the Melit.2on Dogs, either madefo by art,as in ^
Theasteof clofing their bodies in the earthwhen they are Whelpes, foas they ‘cannot grow great,
ti Debs ds by reafon ofthe place or els,leffening and impayring their growth,by fomekind of meat
*. ornourifhment.Thefeare calledin Germany, Bracken Schofshundleand Gut/chenhundle,
the Italians Bottolo, other Nations haueno common name for thiskindthat I know. Mar-
tiall madethis Dzffichon of alitde French dog; for about Lyons in Francethereare ftore
ofthis kind, and are fold very deare ; fometimes forten Crownes, and fometimesfor
more. “et
eA anus
Delitias parue fi vis audirecatella
Narranttbreuis eff pagina tota mbi. .
They are not aboue a foote,or halfea foot long,and alway the leffer the more delicate
and precious. Their head like the head ofa Moufe but greater, their fnowtfharpe, their
cares like the eares ofa Cony, fhort Legs, litle feete, long taile, and White colour, and
the haires about the fhoulders longer then ordinary, is moft cómended. They are of plea-
fant difp ofition, and will leape and bite, without pinching and barke prettily, and fome of
them
je
| — themaretaught to ftand vpright, holding vp their fore legslike hands, other to fetchand
| — -cary in their mouths.that which is caft vnto them. |
Therebefome wanton Women whichadmit them totheir beds, and brin gvp their
| young ones in their owne bofomes, for they are fo tender, that they fildome bring aboue '
| one ata time, butthey loofe their life. It was reported that when Grego in Syracufewasto > |
| gocfrom homeamong other Goflips, fhe gaue hir mayd charge oftwothinges, one that |
fhe fhouldlooke to her child when it cryed, the other, that (he fhould keepe thelitle dog We
1 within doores. | i I I d
Publius had alittle dog (called 7/4) hauing about thenecketoo filuerbels,vpona filken - | Ir
| re Collar, which forthe neatneffe thereof, feemed rather to bea pi&ure then a creature ;. i ug
whereof Martial! madethis elegant Epigram, comprehending the rare voyceand other,
E es coal liic o HM
| n
|
| geftures in its - ; | mo ]
wa fa efl purior ofculo columbe Jffa eft blandior omnibus puellis; — 0 | | Mt g
| - Jf efl carior indicis lapillis |... Iffa eft delitiseatellapublg hl
| Hane tu, fi queritur loqutputabis—.-— Sentit triffitiamquegaudiumque i
| Collonexa cubat capitque [omnos - Vt fupirta nulla fenstantur : ELI:
| Et defiderio coactaventris | Gutta pallia man fefallit vlla, . . Eu
| Sed blandopede fufcitat toroque Deponi monet cr vagat leuari
| Cafla tantus ine ft pador catelle Hane ne lux rapiat Juprema totam. i
| | 20 Pictampublius exprimit tabella. Jn qua tam fimilem videbis iffam | |
| | Vt fit tam fimilis febi mec tpfa fro deniquepone cumtabella .... | DH
| Aut vtramque putabis effe veram Aut vtranque putabis effe pram. ii]
Marcellus Empiricus reciteth a certaine charme; made of the rinde ofa wild figtree, held to Tu
the Spleene or liuer ofa little dog, and afterward hanged vp inthe fmooketo dry, and n
pray thatasthe rind or barke dryeth, fotheliuer or Spleene ofthe dog may neuer grow ; :
and thereupon the dog, (faith that foolifh Empericke) (hall. neuer grow greater, then it
was at the time thatthe barke was hanged vp to drying. Toletthis trifle goe;I will end
the difcourfe of thefe little dogs with one ftory of their loue and vnderftanding..
There was a certainenoble Woman in Sicily, which vnderftanding her husbandwas «4elianus
| 4g gonealong iorney from home, fent toa louer ( Ifhould fay anadulterer) ftiehad who ^ HG |
came, & by bribery & mony giuen toher feruants, fhe admitted him to her bed, but yet Ws pe n Ee
privately, more forfeare of punifheneat, then care of modefty ; and yet forall her craft, ofan adulie- Bub
fhe miftrufted not her little Dog, who didfee euery day where {helocked vpthisadulte- **' by a little 1
rer: atlaft, her husband came home, before herlouer was auoyded, and inthenight the og. |
little Dog feeing his true maifter returned home, ranne barking to the doore arid eaped
vpthereupon, (within which the Whoremonger was hidden) and this he did oftentimes — 4
together fawning andfcraping his Lord and maifter alfo ;infomuchas he miftrufted(and
that iuflly) fome ftrange euent : Atlaft, he brake openthe doore, and found the adulte-
rer ready Armed withhis fword , wherewithall he flew the goodman of the houfe vna-
> wares :andfo enioyed the adulterate Woman for his wife,for murther followeth ifit go
| 4° notbeforeadultery. This ftory is related by Aclianus to fetforcha vertue of thefe little
| Dogs, how they obferuethe actions of them that nourifh them, andalfo fome defcreti-
on betwixt good and euill.
The Dogs of Egyptare moftfearefull of allother, andtheir cuftome is torunne and ;
drinke, or drinke of che Ryuer Ni/ws running, for feare of the Crocodils ; Whereupon Aclianus
came the Prouerbe, ofa man that did any thing flightly or haftily, Yr canis c Nilo bi- Solinns.
bit. Alcibiades hada Dog which he would not fell vnder 28. thoufand Sefterces, that is fe-
uen hundred French Crownes; itwas a goodly and beautiful Dog,yet he cut off his taile, WM
whereofhe gaue no other reafon, being demaunded why he fo blemihed his Beaft, bur ; bon
, ©. onely thatby thatfa& hee might giue occafiontothe Atheniazstotalke of him. Pollex, a
| go The Dogges of Caramania can neuer betamed, for their menalfo are wilde and liue bou
without al law and ciuility : and thus much of Dogs in fpecial. In the next place I thoght ! | u
good to infert intothis ftory the treatife of Englith Dogs, firftofallwrittenin Latineby 4,74, Du
that famous Do&our in Phificke John Cay, and fincetranflated by A. F. and directed to BOLA
| that noble Ge/ner, which is this that followeth, thatfothereader may chufe whether of
| both to affe&t beft.
— — —
a Re a
ee
R-
'
» 2
164. The Hiffory of Foure-footed Beafts.
~The Preamble or entrance; into-the Lreatife 2e
ois qv 2niid bne,2! »ditarizo: t “following: ^ at HYS 5191
SHC 1d orroblrt voca 36131
hl
Qm
>
“of
Pi te 2498
Eu" Wrote vato-you (well beloved friend Gefner) trot mary ¥ears
páft;a manifoldehiftory, containing the divers forrfisandfi-
;'gures of Beafts; Birds and Fifhes;the füundry fhapes of plants,
atid the fafhions-of Hearbes;&c. — ^ ^ 4»1005mmaw
* [wrote moréouer, vnto you feuerally,a certaine àbridge-
ment of dogs; which in your difeourfe vppon:the fomes of 19
| Beafts inthefecond order of mildéandtamiable beatts wher
/| you make mention of Scottifh Dogs, and in the^vindisg vp
-ofyour letterwritten and dire&ed to Do&tour Twraérj- com-
prehending a Catalogue or reherfall of your books not yet extant, you’ promited to fet
forth in print, atid'openly to publith intheface of the world among fuch your Workes as
are not yet comeabroad to lightand fight. But,becaufe certain cireumiftanc és'were wan.
ting in my breuiary of Englith dogs (asfeemed vnto me) Lftaied the publication of the
fame, making promife tofendanother abroad, which mightbe committed tothe hands,
the cies the ares, che minds; andtheiadgéments oftheReaders; ^^*- WS
Wherefote that I mightperforme thicprecifely, which I promifed folemnlyjaccom- 2e
lith my derermination; and fatishe your expectation : which are a man defirous ahd ca-
pable of all kind ofknowledgyand very earneftco béacquainted with alexperiments: I wil
exbrefleandidé chreii dite order, the rand and generall kind of Englith dogs; the diffe-
kenceof thea, thevfe, theproperties jdnd the diners natures of the fame; making à tri-
parcite divifioii im this forcarid manner: AllEnglifh dogges be eithier ofa gentle kind fer-
tine cheedirie, a hamely kindapt forfandey neceffary vfes, ora eurri(h kind; meete fot
hihytoleBOS 94/9 nuUa un di y^ mts n ; poer
Of thefe three forts or kindes fomeane Tto intreate, thatthe firft inthe firft place; the
os» laftinthelaftroome, and the middle fort inthe middle feate be handled. Tcallthem vni-
-— ^ ueffally allby die name ofEnglith dogs, as welbecanfe England only, as it hath initEn- 39
yo ov sae) glfh dosges;foitisnot with the Scottith, as alfo for that wee are more inclined and de-
et Jighted withthe noblegame of huntia g.tor we Englifhnien are adictéd and giuénto that
~~ exercife ard painefullpaftime of pleafure;as well for'the plenty ofüefh which our parks
atid Fotrefts do fofter;asalfo for the opportunity and conuenient leifure which wee ob-
taine, both which, rhe Scots want. VWherefore feeing that the whole eftate of kindly hun-
ting confifteth principaly in thefe two points, in chafing the beaft that isin hunting ,or in
taking thebird chat is in fowling.' Itisneceffary and requifite to vnderftand tharthere are
twoforts ofdogs by-whofe meanes, the feates within {pecified are wroght, and thefe pra:
Gtiifes ofa&iuity cunningly and curioufly compaffed; by two kindes of Dogs, one which
rouzeth the beaft & continueth the chafe, another whichfpringeth the bird and bewrai- 49
eth the fight by purfute:Both whichkinds aretermed of the Latines byone common — "
name; datis, Canes Venatici, hunting dogs. But becaufe we Englishmen’ make a diffe-
rence betweene hunting and fowline, for they are called by thefe feuerall words Vemario,
eb Aucipium fotheytermthedogs whéthey vie in thefe fundry games by diuers names,
as thofewhi¢h ferue for thebeaft, are called Venatici, the other whichare yfed forthe fowl
are called Awcapatory. c guts : ; |
~ Thefirttkind called zzariei I deuideinto fine forts the firft in perfe& finelling,thefe-
condin quicke fpying, the third in fwiftnes and quicknes, the fourthin {melling and nim-
.. blenes, the fift in fubtility and deceitfülaes;lieercinithefe fiue forts excelleth, © (0557
io? Spee
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Of Dogges.
Of tbe Dogge called a Harier in |
Latine Zeserarius.
RANEY || Hatkinde of Dogge whome nature path indued with thevertue of fmel-
MSS ing,whofe property itis to vfealuftines,areadines, and a couragioufnes
in hunting;and draweth into his noftrelles the aire or fent ofthe beaft pur-
: RD füedandfollowed, we call by this word Sagax, the Grecians by this woorde
i "X chuenten of tracing or chafing by thefoote, or Rinelaten, of the noftrells,
1? which be the inftruments offmelling. We may knowe thefe kinde of Dogs by theirlong,
large andbagginglips, by their hanging eares, reaching downe both fides of their chaps,
and by the indifferent and meafürable proportion of their making. This fortof Dogges
we call Lewerarios Hariers, that I may comprife the whole number of them incertain {pe-
cialities, and apply to them their proper and peculier names, forfomuch as they cannot
all be reduced and brought vnder one fort; confidering both the fundry vfes ofthem,and
the difference of their feruiice whereto they be appointed. Some forthe Hare, the Foxe,
the Wolfe, the Hart,the Bucke,the Badger, the Otter, the Polcat, the Lobfter, the Wea-
fell, the Conny. &c. Some for one thing and fome for another.
As forthe Conny,whome we haue la(tly fet downe, we víe not to hunt, butrather to
_ 29 take it, fometime with the netre, fometime witha Ferret, and thus euery feuerall forte is
notable and excellent in his naturall quality andappointed praétife. Among thefe fundry
fortes, there be {ome which are apt to hunttwo divers beaftes, as the Foxe otherwhiles,
andother whiles the Hare, but they hunt not with fuch towardneffeand good lucke after
them, as they doe that whereunto nature hath formed and framed them, not onely in ex-
ternal compofitionand making, but alfo in inward faculties & conditions, for they fwaru
offentimies and do otherwife then they (hould.
Of the Dogge.called a T errar in
"Latine Terrarius.
| 30 | ft
Nother forte there is which huntechthe Foxeand the Badger or Gray
onely, whome we call Terrars, becaufethey (after the maner and cuftom
of Ferrets in fearchiing for Connies) creep into the ground, andby that
meanes make afraide, nippe, and bite the Foxe and the Badger in fuch
fort, that either they teare them in peeces with their teeth being in the
! bofome of the earth,or elfe haile and pullthem perforce out of their lur-
king angles, darke dungeons, and clofe caues, or at the leaft through conceiued feare,
driuethem out oftheir hollowe harbours, in fo much thattheyare compelled to prepare
_ fpcedy flight,andbeing defirous of the next ( albeit notthe fafeft) refuge, are oth erwife
49 takenand intrapped with {nares and nets laide ouer holes to the fame purpofe. Butthefe
bethe leaft ia thatkind called Sagaces.
Of the Dogge called a Bloudhound, in
Latine Samguinarius.
reas He greater forte which ferueto hunt, hauing lips of alarge fize, and eares
sail of nofimalllength, doe not onely chafe the beaft whiles it liueth, (asthe o-
62) ther do of whom mention aboue is made)but being dead alfoby any man-
334| ner of cafualty , make recourfe tothe placewhere it lyeth, hauing in this
| pointe an affured and infallible guide, namely, the fent and fauour of the
bloud fprinkled hereand there vpon the ground. For whetherthe beaftbecing wounded,
doth notwithftanding enioy life sandefcapeth the hands of the huttfman,orwhether the .
faidbeafte being flaine is conuayed cleanly out ofthe parke (fo that there be Lome fignifi-
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166 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
cation of bloud thed) thefe Dogges with noleffe facility and eafineffe, then auidity and
ereedinefie can difclofe and bewray the fame by {melling, applying to their purfuce, agi-
lity and nimbleneffe, without tedioufneffe, for which confideration, of a finguler fpeci-
alty they deferuedtobe called Sanguinary bloodhoundes. And albeit peraduenture it
may chaunce, (aswhether it chanceth feldome or fomeume Ianxignorant) thata peece
of flefh bec fubtily ftolne and ‘cunningly cenuayed away with fuch prouifoes and preca-
ueats,as thereby all apparance of blood is either preuented, excluded;or concealed; yet
thefe kinde of Dogs by certaine dire&ion ofan inward aflured notice and priuy marcke,
purfue the deede dooers, throughlong lanes, crooked reaches, and weary waies, without ro
wandering awry out of the limites of the land whereon thefe defperate purloiners prepa.
red their fpeedy paffage. Yea,thenatures of thefe Dogsis fuch, and fo efte@uall 1s their
forefight;thatthey can bewray; feparate,and pick them. out from.among an infinite mul.
titudeandan innumerable company ,creepe they neuer fo farre tnto the thickeftthrong,
they will finde him out notwithitanding he lie hidden in wilde Woods, in clofe and ouer-
growen groues, andlurkein hollow holes apt to harbor fuch vngracious gueftes. . .
--Moreouer;although they fhould paffe over the water,thinking thereby to auofde the
purfate of the hounds, yet will not chefe Dogs giue ouer their attempt, but prefuming to
{wim through the ftreame}perfeuer in their purfure, and when they be arriued and got-
ten the further bancke,they hunt vp and down, to and fro runne they, from place to place
fhiftthey, vntillthay haueattainedto that plot of ground where they paffedouer. . And 20 +
this is their pra&ife, ifperdy they cannot at the firft time {melling, find out the way which
the deede doores tooke toefcape.So at length ger they that by art, cunning, and diligent
indeuour, which by fortune andlucke they cannot otherwife ouercome. In fo muchasit
feemeth worthely and wifely written by ,£lanus in his fixt Booke, and xxxix. Chapter, T2
entbumaticon kat dialecticon,to be as it were naturally inftylled into thefekinde of dogges.
For they willnotpaufe or breath from their purfute vntil fuch timeas they be apprehen-
dedandtaken which committed the fa&. i
The owners of fuch houndes vieto keepe themin clofeand darke channels in the day
time, andlet themloofeatliberty inthe night feafon, to the intent that they might with
more courageand boldacffe praétife to follow thefellon in the euening andfolitary hours. 39
of darkeneffe, when fuch ill cifpofed varlots are. principally purpofed to play their impu-
dent pageants, and imprudent pranks.Thefe bounds(vpon whom this prefent portion of
our treatife ruaneth) when they are to follow fuch fellowes as we haue before rehearfed,
vfe not that liberty to raunge at will, which they haue otherwife when they are in game,
(except vponneceflary occafion whereon dependeth anvrgent and effectuall perfwafion)
when fuch purloyners make fpeedy way in flight, but being reftrainedand drawne backe
fromrunning at randon with the leame, the end whereof the owner holding in his hand
is led, guyded, and dire&ed with fuch fwiftn effe and flowneffe (whether he goe on foote,
or whether he ride on horfebacke) ashe himfelfe in heart would wifh for the more eafie
apprehenfion ofthefeventurousvarlots. — . 49
Inthe borders of Englandand Scotland, (the oftenandaccuftomed ftealing of cattell
fo procuring) thefe kind of Dogges are very mach vfed,and they are tau ght and trayned
vp firft of all to hunt cattel,as well ofthe fmaller as of the greater grouthsand afterwardes
(thac quality relinquithed and lefte) theyare learned to purfue {uch peftilent perfonsas
plant their pleafure in fuch pra&tifesof purloyning as we haue already declared. Of this
kind there is none that taketh the Water naturally, except it pleafe you fo to fuppofe of
them which followthe Otter, which fometimes haunt the land, and fometime vfeth the
water. And yer neuertheles al the kind of them boyling and broyling with greedy defire of
the prey which by fwimming: paffeth through ryuer and flood, plungéamyds the water,
and paffe the ftreame with their pawes. se
But this property proceedeth froman earne(t. defire wherewith they be inflamed, ra-
ther then from any inclination, iffuyng from the ordinance and appointmentof nature.
Andalbeitfome of this fort in Eneglifh be called Brache,in Scortith Rache,the caufe herof
refteth inthe fhe-fexand not in the generall kind. For we Englifh men call Bitches be-
longing to the hunting kind of Dogs, by the tearme aboue mentioned. To be fhortit is
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proper to thenature of houndes, fome to keepe filence in’ hunting vntill fuch timeas
there is game offered: Other fome fo foone as they fiel! out the place where the beaft
lü:keth;to bewray it immediately by their importunate barking, notwithftanding it be far
& many furlongs of,cewching clofein his cabbin. And thefe Dogs the younger they be,
the more wantonly barke they; and the more liberally; yet, oftentimes without ne ceflity,,
fo that inthem, by reafon of their young yeares and want of pra&tife; Ímallcertainty is
toberepofed. For continuance:of time, and experiencein game; miniftreth to thefe
hounds, hot onely cunning in runtiing; but alfo (as inthe reft) an affured forefight what
isto bedone, principally, being acquainted with their maifters watchwords, either in re-
1o uoking orimboldening them toferuethe game. 7505500 ielis Luise nen
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SES byany benefite of the nolesthatis by fmelling;butexcellerhin perfpicuity and
N al fharpeneffe of fight altogether, by thevertue whereof, being fingulet and no-
, 1
ttl
“Of the Doser called tbe Gafehound, im
so Latine Agafaws. .
( J91l2219q V i4 "n
Hiskindeof Dog which purfueth by theeye, preuaileth little, or neuer a whit,
4) table, it hunteth the Foxe and the Hare. This Dogge will cl 100fe and feparate.
ny beaftfrom amonga great locke or heard, and fuch: a one will it take by election as is
notlancke;leaneand hollow, but well {pred, {mooth, full, fat, and round, itfollowes by
direction of the eye-fight, which indecde is cleere, conftant,and not vncertaine, ifa beaft
be wounded & go aftray the dog fecketh after it by the fteadfaftnes of the eiejifitchance
peraduenture to returne and be mingled withthe refidue ofthe flocke, this Dog fpyeth
it out by the vertue of his eye, leauingthe refto£the cattell vntouched, and after he hath
fer fure fight vpon it he feperateth it fromamong, the company andhauing fo done ne-
uer ceafeth vntill he haue wearyed the Beaftto death. X orta
Our countrey men calthis Dog Agafeum. A gafe-hound,becaufe the beames of his fight
ate fo ftedfa(tly fetled and vamoueably faftned. Thefe Dogs are much and vfually occa-
ied inthe Northern parts of England morethen in the Southern parts, & in feeldy lands
| 20 + *
|. 8? rather then in bufhy and woody places, horfemen vie them more then footmen, to the
intent that they might prouoke their horfes toa {wift gallop (wherewith they are more
delighted then with the prey it felfey& chat they might acuftome their horfe toleap ouer
hedges and ditches, without ftop or ftumble, without harmeor hazard, without doubt
or danger, andto efcape with fafegard of life. And to the end thatthe riders themfelues
when neceffity fo conftrained, and the feare of further mifchiefe inforced, might faue
themfelues vndamnified and preuent eachperillous tempeft by preparing fpeedy flight,
or elfe by fwift purfute made vpon their enimies,might both ouertake them, encounter
with them,and make a {laughter of them accordingly. Butif it fortune fo at any time that
this dog take a wrong way, the maifter making fome vfuall figne and familiar token, hee
49 returneth forthwith,& taketh the right and ready trace,begining his chafeafrefh,& with
a cleare voice,anda {wift foot followeth the game with as much corage and nimblenes as
he did atthe firít.
Of the Teen called the Grey-bound, (15 PH
tine Leporarius.
Ge
E haue another kind of dog, which for his incredible fwiftnesis called
|| Leperarinsa Grey-hound, becaufethe principall feruice ofthem de-
penderh and confifteth in flarting and hunting the Hare, which. Dogs
likewife are indued with no leffe firength then lightnesin maintenance
ofthe game, in ferning the chafe, in taking the Bucke, the Hart, the
Doe, the Fox,and other beafts offemblable kind ordaind forthe game
of hunting.Butmore orleffe,each onc according tothe meafure and proportion of their
defire,and.as might and hability of their bodies will permit and {uffer.
For
167
D
ig
{
3
i
DEM UCET ae EE S 0 0 00077
The Hiflory of Fonre-footed Beafts.
Forit isa {pare aad bare kind of Dog; (of fleth but notofbone) fome areofagreater
fort, and (ome ofa lefler, fome are {mooth'skinned, and fome are curled, the bigger |
therefore are appointed to hunt the bigger Beafts, and the fmallerferue to huntthe {mal- |
ler accordingly. 'Thenatüreofthe Dogges I finde tobe wonderfullbytheteftimony of — | |
allhiftories. For,as John Frotfarttlie hiftoriographerin his 4.b.reporteth. A Greyhound |
ofKing Richard, che fecotid that wore the Crowne,and bare the Scepter ofthe realme of |
England, neuer knowing any man,befide the kings perfon; when Henry Duke of Lancafter :
caine to the caftle of Flare totake king Richard , the ‘Dog forfaking his former Lord and :
maifter carpe to Duke Henry, fawied vpon him with fach refemblances of goodwilland
conceiued affe&ion,as he fauoured king Richard before: he followed the Duke,and.vtter- 16
ly left the King. Sothat by thefe manifeft circüftancesa man might iudge his Dog to haue
beene lightened with thelampeof foreknowledge and vnderftanding;touchin ghisold
maifters miferies to Come,and vnhappines nieat hand, which king Richard himfelfe eui-
dently perceiued, accounting this deede of his dog a Prophecy of his ouerthrow.
1
“in Latine Zerarius. [s ‘i
| Pes : Ofthe Dogge called the Lemner, or Lyemmer ]
Gai ] dme A
ns Nother fort of Dogs be there, in fmelling fingular, and in fwiftneffe in- 26
| A RT comparable. Thisis(asitwere) a middle kind betwixt the Harierand
c AS (e 1 the Greyhound, as well for his kind, as for the frame of his body. And
X23 | itis called in Latine Lewinarius, a Leuitate, oflightneffe, and therefore
HSN || may well be calleda light-bound.it is alfo called by this word Lorariws,
A Loro,aleame wherewith it is led. This Dogge for the excellency of his
conditions, hamely fmelling and {wift running;doth followthe game with morc eagernes,
Ev
and taketh the prey with a iolly quickneffc.
Of tbe Dogge calleda Tumbler, in — - Y
dm ey. C -DatineVertagus. — bis velud niga SIE
His fort of Dogges, which compafieth allby craftes, fraudes, fubtilties
yaa and deceiptes, we Englifh men call Tumblers, becaufe in hunting they
turne and tumble, winding their body es about in circle-wife, andthen
fiercelyand violently venturing vpon the beaft, doth fuddenly gripe it,at
i thevery entranceand mouthof their receptacles, or clofets before they
can recouer meanes, to faueand fuccocthemfelues. This Dogge vfeth another craft and
fubtilty: namely, when he runneth into a warren, or fetchetha courfe about a conybur-
rough, he hunts not after them, he fraies them not by barking, he makes no countenance 4$
or fhaddow of hatred againftthem, but diflembling friendihip, and pretending fauour,
paffeth by with filence and quietnefle, marking and noting their holes diligently, where"
in (I warrant’you) he will not be overfhot nor deceiued. When hecommethto the place
where Conies be, ofacertainety she cowcheth downe clofe with his belly to the ground,
prouided alwaies by his skilland pollicie, that the winde be neuer with him but againft
him:infuchan enterprize. And thatthe Conyes{pyhim not wherehelurketh, By which
meanes he obtaineth the fcentand fauour of the conies, carryed towardes him with the
wind andtheayre, either going to their holes, or comming out,either paffing this way,or
running that way,and{o prouideth by his citcumfpe&ion, that thefilly fimple Conny is
debarréd quite from his hole (whichisthe hauen oftheir hope , andthe harbour of their se
health) and fraudulently circumuented and taken; before they can get the aduantageof
their hole. Thus hauing caught his prey he carrieth it {peedily tohis maifter,wayting his
Dogs returne in fome conuenientlurking corner. Tati 90! -
Thefe Dogges are fomewhat lefferthen the houndes,andthey be lancker and leaner,
befide that they be fomewhat pricke eared. A manthat fhall marke the forme and fafhion
of
4
i
Of Dogges.
oftheir bodies, may well calthem mungrel Grey-hounds ifthey were fomewhat bigger.
But notwithftanding they counteruaile not the Greyhound in greatn effe, yet will he take
in one daies fpace as many Coniesas fhallarifetoas big aburthen, and as heauy aloade
asa horfe cani carry.for deceipe and guile is the inftrument whereby he maketh this fpoile,
which pernicious properties fupply the places of morecommendable qualities.
| Of the Dogge called the theeuifh Dogge, in Latine
Canis furax.
EVER] Heliketo that whom we haue rehearfed, is thetheeui(h dog, whichat the
Xd 759 mandate & bidding of his mafter fleerethand leerethabrod in thenight,
zZ|| hunting Conies by the aite, which is leuened withthe fauour and connei-
edtothefence ofimellingby the meanes ofthe wind blowing towardes
| BU 577 him. During all which {pace of his hunting, he will not barke, leaft he
| fhould be preiudicial to his own aduantage.And thus watcheh and fnatcheth vp in courfe
as many Conies as his maifter will fuffer him, and beareth themtohis maifters flanding.
| The farmers of che countrey and vplandifh dwellers, call this kind. of Dog anight cur,be-
| caufehe huntethin the darke. Butletthus much feeme fufficieat for dogs which ferue
1) __ the gameand difport of hunting,
20 l :
- Of gentle Dogges feruing the hauke, and firft
ofthe Spanicll, called in Latine
Hifpanialus.
i» to placeinthe fecondSe&ion of «his treatife. Thefearealfo to be
reckoned and accounted in the number of the Dogs which come
) ofa gentle kinde; and of thofe which 1erue for fowling, there be
+S% two forts, The firftfindeth game on the land, the other findeth game
i] j: CS S onthe water. Suchas delighton the land, play their parts, either by
li (See CR Vs {wiftneffe of foot,or by often queiting, tofearch out and to {pring
| PAGE MCE IER the bird for further hope ofaduantage, or elfe by fome fecrecfigae
and priuy token bewray theplace where they fall The firft kind offuchferuethe Hauke,
thelecond,thenet, or,traine, The firft kind haue no pe culiar names affigned vntothem,
fauc onely that they bédendminated after the birde which by-naturallappointmentheis
alottedto take ; for the-which confideration , fome bee called dogs for the Falcon, the:
Phefant, the Partridge, and fuch like. ‘The common fort of people call chem by one ge~
neral word,namely Spaniels: Asthough thefekind of dogs came originally and firft ofal
=. out of Spaine. The moft part of their skinsaréwhite sand ifthey be marked with any {pots
| 49 they are commonly red, and fomewhat great therewithall, the. haires not growing in
fuch thicknes but that the mixture of them may eafily be perceiued. Otherfome of them
bereddith and blackith, but of that fort there be buta very few. There is alfo at this day a-
. mong vsanew kinde of Dog brought out of France (for we Englifhmenare marueilous
Vch Dogs as ferue for fowling,I thinke conuenient andrequifite
| greedy gaping gluttons: after nouclties, and couetous cormorants ofthinges thatbefel- .
|
dome, rare,fitange,and hard to get. And they be fpeckled al over with whiteand black,
which mingled colours iacline toa marble blew, which beautifieth their skins and affoor-
cen aeedly (how of comlinefle; Theleate called French dogs as is aboue declared al-
ICàgy. dedi syle shooid 9h "d 71 : 3t REIS |
» Lhe Dog called the Setter; in Latine.
ivy Siamo ede
Nother fort of Dogs be there {erniceable for fowling, miaking no noife citner with
maifter & frame their conditioristo fuch becks,motions,& geftures;as it (hal pleafe
eodein him
footor withtongue;whiles tiey follow the game.Thete attend diligently vpon their -
169
REM
apa Ic mca E EARN SS Se EX. = x : ]
rer pce dent Et nca Ca EUM MEM MEM CI TUE uc e rU MEE ILE. SESS
3
i
Sa
~
TS het ME tee ae T SN n o s n
rile
Lo
170
Lhe Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
him to exhibite and make, either going forward, drawing backward, inclining tothe right
hand, or yealding toward the left, (In making mencion of fowles, my meaning is of the
Patridge and the Quaile) when he hath found the bird, he keepeth fureand faft lilence,he
ftaieth his fteps and wil proceede no further, and with a clofe,couert,watching eie,layeth
his belly to the ground and {o creepeth forwardlike a worme. When he approcheth neere
tothe place where the bird is, he lies him down, and witha marke of his pawes betrayeth
the place ofthe birds laft abode, wherby it is fup pofed chat this kind of dog is called zndex,
Setter, being indeedea name moft confonant & agreeable to his quality. The place being
knowne by the meanes ofthe Dog, the fowler immediatly openeth and fpreedeth his net,
intending totakethem; which being donethe dog at the cuftomed becke or vfuall figne
of his Maifterrifeth vp by and by, and draweth neerer tothe fowle that by his prefence
they might be the authors of their own infnaring, and be ready intangled in the prepared
net, which cunning and artificial indeuor ina dog (beinga creature domefticall or hou-
fhold feruant,brought vp at homie with offals of the trencher,and fragments of viGuals,)
fs not fo much to be marueiledat, feeing thata Hare(being awild and skippifh beaft) was
feene in England to the aftonifhment of the beholders, in the yeare of our Lorde God,
15 64.not only dauncing in meafure, but playing with his former feete vponatabberet,
and obferuing iuft number of flrokes (as a practitioner in that Art) befides thar,nipping
and pinching a dog with his teeth and clawes,and cruelly thumping him with the force of
his feete. This is no trumpery tale; nor trifle toy (as I imagine) and therefore not vnwor-
thy to bereported, for Frecken ita requital of my trauaile, not to drowne in thefeas of fi-
Jence any fpeciallthing, ‘wherein the prouidenceand effe&uall working of nature is to be
pondered.
Of the Dog called the water Spaniell, or finder,
in Latine Aquaticus fen Inguifitor.
Hat kind of dog whofeferuice is required in fowling vpon the water,part=
ly through a naturalltowardnes, and partly by diligent teaching, is indu-
edwith that property. This forte is fomewhat big, and of ameafurable
greatnes, having long, rough, and curled haire, not obtained by extra-
eS ordinary trades, bat giuen by natures appointment; yet neuertheleffe
(friend Gefner) I haue defcribed and fet him out in this manner, namely powled and not-
ted fromthethoulders to the hindermoft legs, and to the end of his taile, which I did for
vfeand cultoms caufe, that being as it were made fomewhat bare and naked, by fhearing
off fuch füperfluity of haire, they might atchiue the more lig htneffe,and fwiftnes,and be
Jeffe hindred in fwimming,fo troublefome and needeleffea burthen being fhaken off: This
kind of dogis properly called, Aquatiews,a water {paniel,becaufe he frequentethand hath
vitial! recourfe to the water where al his gamelyethynamely water fowles, whichare taken
by the help and feruice of them, in their kind. And principally.ducks and drakes,wherup-
on he is likewife named adog for the duck, becaufeinthat quality he is excellent. With
thefe Dogs alfo we fetchout of the water fuch fowle as be ftoungeto death by any vene-
mous VVorme. wevfethem alfo to bring vs our boultes and arrowes out of the Water,
C imiffing our marke) whereat we: direéted our leucll, which otherwife we fhould hardly
reconer, and'oftentimes they reftoreto vs ourfnaftes: which wee thought néiér to fee,
touch, or handle againe, after they wereloft : for.which circum[taunces theyare called
Inquifitares, fearchers, and finders. :Althoughthe Ducke otherwhiles notably deceiueth
both the Dog and the Maifter, by dyuing vnder the Water;andalfo by naturallfubtilty,
for itany man {hall approchtothe place where they builde, breede, and fit, the hennes
coe out of their neafts, offering themfelues voluntarily to che handes, as itwere, of fuch
as drawencere theirneaftes. Anda certaine weakenefle of their Wings pretended, and
infirmity of their feet diffembled, they goe flowly and fo leafurely, that to.a mans think-
ing itwere no maifteries totake them. By which deceiptfull tricke they doe'as it were
enrife and allure men to follow them, til they be drawna long diftance fromtheir nefles,
which being compafled by their prouident cunning, or cunning pronidence,they cutte
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Of Dogges.
of all inconueniences which might grow of their returne,by vfing many careful and curi-
ous caueats, leaft their often hunting bewray the place where the young duklings be hat-
ched. Greattherefore is their defire,and earneftistheir ftudy to take heede, not only to
theirbrood butalfo to themfelus.For when they haue an inkling that they are efpied,they
hide themfelues vnder turfes orfedges, wherewith they couer and fhroud themfelues fo
clofely and fo craftely, that (notwithftanding the place where they lurk be found and pre-
feétly perceiued) there they will harbor without harme, except the water {paniel by quick
finelling difcouer their deceiptes. |
Of the "Dogge called the Fifber, in Latine:
Canis Pifcator. |
WEWG He Dog called the fifner, whereof Hefor Boethus writeth, which feeketh for
Ir egy fith by {melling among rockes and (tones, affüredly Iknow none of that kind
5| in England, neither hauc I receiued by report that there is any fuch, albeit I
PRO haue beene diligent and bufie in demaunding the queftionas well of fifher-
men, as alfo of huntf-men in that behalfe, being carefutland earneftto learne and vnder-
fand of them ifany fuch were, except you hold opinion that the Beauer or Otterisa fith
(as many haue beleeued) and according to their beleefe affirmed, as the bird Pupine, is
thoughtto be a fish and fo accounted. But that kinde of Dog which followeth the fish to
apprehend and takeit (if there beany. of that difpofition and property) whether they do
this thing for the game of hunting, or for the heate of hunger,as other Dogs doewhich
rather thenthey willbe famished for want of foode; couetthe carcafes of carrion and pu-
trified flesh. When Iam fully refolued and disburthened of this doubt wil fend you cer-
tificate in writing. In the meane feafon Iam not ignorant of that both Alianus and Aeli-
us,call the Beauet kumapotamion. a- water dog, or aDog-fish, Lknow likewifethus much
more,that the Beauet doth participate this propertie with thedog, namely, that when fi-
shes be fcarce they leauethe water and range vp and downe the land, making an infatia-
ble (laughter of young lambes vntilltheir paunches bereplenished, and whenthey haue
fedthemfclues full of flesh; then returne they to the water, from whence they came. But
albeit fo much be granted that this Beauer is a Dog, yet itis to be noted that we recken it
not in the beadrow of English Dogs as we haue done the reft. The fea Calfe,in like man-
ner which our contry men for breuity fake cal aSecle,other more largely namea Sea Vele,
maketha fpoile of fishes betweene rockes and banckes, butitis not accounted in the ca-
talogue or number of our English Dogs, notwithftanding we callit by thename ofafea
Dog ora fea-Calfe. And thus much for our Dogs ofthe fecond fort, called in Latine 4s-
cupatord fering to take fowle either by land or water. © — 7007 D Mas
Of the delicate, eate, and pretty kind of dogges called the...
. Spaniel gentle, othe comforter, in Latine Melitaus 9.) ^ 1
Sy trod breast A Fete cd bo eon reda noit ISP T EI
Here is, befidesthofe which wee baue already deliuered, another fort of
gentle dogs inthis our Englith foile but exempted from the order of the
/| refidue, the Dogs of this kind doth Callrmachws call Melstaos of the Ife-
-2)\|, land Meliza, in the fea of Sicily (which, at this day is named Maltaan Ife-
Yarra land indeede, famous and renowned, with couragious and puifauntfoul-
diers valliantly fighting vnder the banner of Chrifttheir vaconquerable captaine) where
thiskind of dogs had their principall beginning, |... 19 de!
Thefe dogs arc little, pretty, proper,and fine,and fought for to fatifie the delicatenes
of dainty, dames,and wanton womens wils,inftrumentsof folly for them to playeand dal.
ly withall, totryfle away the treafuure of time, to withdraw their mindes from more com-
mendable exercifes, and to content their corrupted concupifcences with vaine difport
C A felly shift to shunne yrkefome idleneffc.) Thefe puppies the fmallerthey be,the more
d : 2 | pleafure
171
^ — —À—— ce =
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pe ge er
MY
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The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafls.
pleafüte they prouoke, as more meete play-fellowes for minfing miftrifles to beare in -
‘their bofomes,to keepe company withal in their chambers, to fuccour with fleep io bed,
andnouri(h with meateat bourde, tolay in their lappes, andlicketheir lips as they ride
in their Waggons, and goodreafon it fhould be fo, for courfenefle with fineneffe hath
no fellowfhip, but featneffe with neatieffe hath neighbourhood enough. That plaufible
rouerbe verified vpon 4 Tyrant, namely that he loued his Sow better then his fon, may
well be applyedto thefe kind of people, who delight more in Dogs that are deprived of
all poflibility of reafon, then they do inchildren that be capeable of wifedome, and iudg-
ment.But this abufe peraduenture raigneth where there hath beenelong lacke of iffue;or
elfe where barrennes is the bet bloffom of beauty. |
T he vertue which remaineth in the Spaniel gentle,
^t i otherwife called the comforter. 3 T
Otwithftanding many make much of thofe pritty puppies called Spany-
NA els gentle; yet ifthe queftion were demaunded what property in chem
; S they {pye, which fhould make them foacceptable and precious intheir
ih BX) fight,1doubttheir anfwer would belong a coyning. But fecing it was
| ONG | our intent to trauaile in this treatife;fo, thatthe reader might reape fome
benefit by his reading, we will communicate vnto fuch conie&uresas are grounded vpon
reafon. Andthough fome tuppofethat fuch dogs are fitfor no fernice, I dare fay by their
leaues,they beinawrong boxe. Ambongall other qualities therefore of nature; whichbe
knowne(for fome conditions are couered with continuall and thick clouds, that the eie of
our capacities cannot peatfe through thé)we find that thefe litle dogs are good to affwage
the ficknes ofthe ftomack, being oftentimes thereunto applied asa plafter preferuatiue,
orbortiein thebofemofthe difeafedand weake perfon;which effe& is performed by their
moderate heat. Morebiter the difeafe and ficknes changeth his placeand entreth (though
it be nor ptecifely marked) into the dog, which to bee truth, experience can teftifie, for
thefekind of dogs fometimie fall ficke}'and fometitiie die, withoutany harmeoutwardly
inforced, whichis an argument thar’the difeafe ofthe gentleman; or gentlewoman’or
‘owner whatfoeuer, entreth into tlie dog by the operation ‘of heate intermingled and in-
feed2AndthushatéThetherto handled dogs ofa eentle kind whom I hauecomprehen-
dédinà triple diuifion; Now it rehiaineth thar Tannéx ih due order, fuch dogsas be ofa
“pe ^7
Ae L 2 e
le
ZN
Tathotto deale with theblooduiitíty wolfe, fythence there benone in England, which
happy and fortunate behefit is to be aferibed to the puifaunt Prince Edgar, who to thein-
terit that the whole Couritrey might bé euacsated and quite cleered from wolfes, charged
and corimáündedthe Welthmen (who were peftered with thefeButcherly beafts aboue
meafürejto pay Hiityéarely tribuce which was(note the wifedome ofthe king) three hun-
dred Wolfes, Some there be which write that Zudwal] Prince'of Wales paid yeerely to
king Edea? thret hiütidied wolfes inthe name ofan eXa&ion(as we hate {aid before:) And
‘thacby the meahes hereof, within the compaffe and tearme of foure years, none of thofe
hoyfonre Hd peftiletitbeaftes were leftin the coaftes of Englatidand VVales.’Fhis Edgar
wore the crowne royall, and bare thé Scepter imperiall of this kingdome about the yeare
of our Lord, nine hundred; fifty nine,’ Since which time we readéthat no WVolfehath
"weed $ IM beene
Io.
20
4?
jo
Of Dogges.
beene feene in England, bred withinthe bounds and borders of this country, mary there
haue beene divers brought ouer from beyond the fcas for greedines of gaine and to make
money for gafing and gaping, ftaring, and ftanding to feethem, being a flrange bcaft,
rare, and feldome f{eene in England. Butto returnetoour fhepherds Dog. This dog ci-
ther atthe hearing of his maifters voice, or at the wagging anawhifteling in his fit, or at
his farilland horfe hiffing bringeth the wandering weathers and ftraying fheepe, into
the felfe fame place where his maifters willand wi(h is to hauethem,wherby the (hepherd
reapeth this benefit, namely, that with little labour. and notoyleor mouing ofhisfeete
he may rule and guide his flock, according to his own defire, either to haue them go for-
10 ward;or to ftand {till, or to draw backward, ortoturne this way , or take that way. For itis
notin England, as it isin France,asitis in Flanders, as itisin Syria, as 1t isin Tartaria,
where the {heepe follow the fhepherd ;for heere in our Countrey the fhepherd followeth
the fheepe. And fometimes che ftraying theepe, when no Dog runnethbeforethem,
nor goethabout and befide them, gather themfeluestogether in a flock, when they heere
the {hepherd whiftlein his fit, for feare of the dog (as Limagine) remembring this (ifvn-
reafonable creatures may beteported to haue memory) that the Dog commonly run-
neth outat his maiflers warrant which is his -whiftle. This bane we oftentimes diligently
marked in taking our journey from towneto towne, whenwe haue harda fhepherd whi-
{tle we haue rayned in our horfe and ftood fill a fpace,to feethe prooféand tryall ofthis
4o matter.Furthermore with this dog doth the Shepherd take fheepe for the flaughter,and
tobehealed ifthey be fic, no hurcor harme in the world doneto the fimple creature.
i Of. the maftiue eh B andogge called in Latine
Villaticus or Cathenarius.
Fie), His kind of dog called a maftiue or Bandog is vaíte, huge, flubboroe, ougly,
Saf T i$) and eager, of aheuy and bourthenous body, and thereforebut litle fwiftneffe,
eene? terrible, and frightfullto behold, and more fierce and fell then any Avéadian
AES cur(notwithftanding they are faid to haue their generation of the violentlion.)
"3e Theyare called Villaticibecaufe they are appointed to watchandkeepe farme places and
Bn
countrey cotages fequeftred from common recoutfe, and not abutting vpon other hou- .
fes by reafon of diftance, when there is any feare conceiued of theeus ; robbers;fpoylers,
and nightwanderers. They areferuiceable , again {ithe Foxe and Badger, to drine Wilde
and tame Swine outof Medowes, paftures, glebelands and places planted with fruite, to
baite and take the Bull by the eate, when occafion{o requireth. One Dog or two at the
vttermoft, füfficient for that purpofe be the Bullneuer fo monftrous, neuer fo fierce, ne-
ver fo farious, neuer fo ftearne, neuer fo vntameable. | Foris is a kind of Dog cap eable
ofcourage,violent and valiant, ftriking cold feareinto the hearts of men, bur ftanding
‘in feare of no man,infomuch that no weapons wilmake him {hrinke,nor abridge his bold
nefle. Our Englifh men (to theintent that their dogs might the more fell and fierce)
affift nature wich Arte, vfe, and cuftome, for they teach their Dogs to bayte the Beare,
to baitethe Bulland other fuch like cruell and bloody Beaftes (appointing an oüerfeér
ofthegame) without any Collar to defende their throates, and oftentimes they traine
them vp in fighting and wreftling with any man hauing for the fafegarde of his life, either
a Pikeftaffe, a Clubbe or afword, and by ving them to fuch exercifes as thefe, their Dogs
become more fturdy and ftrong. The force which isin them furmountethall beleefe,
the fafthold which they take with their teeth exceedethall credit, three of them againíta
Beare, foure a gainfta Ly onare fufficient, both to try mafteries with then and vtrerlyto
-ouermatch them. Whichthing Henry the feuenth of thatname, King of England (a
“so Prince both politique and warlike)perceiuing ona. certaine time (as the report runneth)
commaundedall füch dogs (how many foeuerthey, were in number) fhouldhe hanged,
being deepely difpleafed, and conceiuing great difdaine, that an ill fauoured rafcall curre
fhould with fuch violent villany;affault the valiant Lyon king ofall beaftes. Anexample
forall fubicétes worthy remembraunce;to admonifh them, thatitisno aduantage to
. (oes 3 them.
ees
sie Ee
ae
- er
ou. The Hiflory of Foure-footed ‘Beafts.
them to rébell againft che regiment of theif ruler, but to keepe them within the limits of
loyalty. Ireadan hiftory antwerable to this of the felfe fame Henry, who hauing a nota-
bleandan excellent faire Falcon, it fortuned thatthe kings Falconers, inthe prefence and
hearing of his grace, highly commended his maielties Falcon, faying, that it feared not
to intermeddle with an Eagle, it was fo ventrous a Birde and fo mighty, which whenthe
king heard, he charged that the Falcon fhould be killed without delay, for the felfefame.
reafon(as it may feeme) which was rehearfed in the conclufion of the former hiftory con-
cerning the fame king. This dog is calledialike manner, Cathemarius, a Cathena, ofthe
chaine wherewith he is tyed atthe gates, in the diy ume, leaftbeing lofehe fhoulde doe
much mifchiefe, and yet might giue occafion of fear and terror by his big barking. And 10
albeit Crcero in his Oration had Pro. 5. Ro/s. be of this opinion, that fuch dogs as barke in
the broad daylight fhould haue theirlegs broken, yet our countrey men, on this fide the
Seas for their carelefnes of life fetting all at cinque and fice are of a contrary iudgement.
For theeues rogue vpand downe in euery corner, no place is free from them, no not the
princes pallace, nor the countreymans cotage. Inthe day time they praétife pilfering,
picking, open robbing, and priuy ftealing,and what legerdemaine lackthey ? not fearing
the (hametull and horrible death of hanging. |
^ Thecaufe of which iaconuenience doth not onely iffue from nipping needand wrin-
ging want; for all that {teale are not pinched with pouerty ,fome ftealeto maintain their
exceffiue and prodigal expences in apparrel, their lewdnes of life, their hautines of hart, a
their wantonnes of manners, their wilfull ydlenes, their ambitious brauery, and thepride
ofthe fawcy Salasones me galorrounton, vame glorious and arrogantin behaviour, whofe
is delight dependeth wholy to mount nimb!y on horfie-backe, to makethem leape luftilie,
{pring and prance, gallop and amble, toruna race, to wind in compaffe,and fo foorth, li-
uing altogither vpon the fatnes ofthe fpoile.Other'ome there be which fteale, being ther-
to prouoked by penury and need; like mafterles men applying themfelues to no.honeft
trade, butranging vp and downe, impudently begging and complaining of bodily weak-
neffe where is no want ofability. But valianta/eztize the Emperor,by holfom lawespro-
uided chat {uch as hauing no corporall (ickenes, fold chemfelues to begging, pleaded po-
uerty with pretended infirmity, and cloaked their ydle and flothfull life with colourable, 5o
fhiftsand cloudy cozening, fhould be a perpetuall flaue and drudgeto him, by whome
"theirtmpudencidlenes was bewrayed, and laid againft them in publick place, leaft the in-
fufferable flouthfulnes of fuch vagabonds fhould bé burthenousto the people, or being
fo hatefull and odiotis,fhou'd grow into an example. pin, |
'aifredui likewife ia the gouernment of his common wealth, procured füch increafeof
credite to iufticeand vpright dealing by his pradent a@s and ftatutes;that if a man traue-.
ling by the high way of che country vider his dominion,chanced to loofe a budget full of
"Gold, or hiscapcafe farfed wich things of great value, late in the euening, he fhould find
it where he loftit fafe, found, and vntouched the next morning, ye (which is a wonder)
at any time for a whole months {pace if he fought for it,as agulphus Croyladenfis in his hi- 4e
ftory recordeth But in this our vnhappy age, in thefe (I fay) our diuelifh daies, nothing ©
“can {cape the clawes ofthe fpoiler, though it be kept neuer fo fure within the houfe,albe-
it the doorsbe lockt and boulted round about.This dog in like maner of the Grzxcians is
called Oikoures. MT V ret p RC
Of the Latinifts Cs Coltas.in Eugli(t ew
the Dog-keeper. AE
| i
| Borrowing hisname of his feruice, for he doth not onely keepe farmers houfes, but
alfo merchants manfions, wherein great wealth , riches, fubftance, and coftly fluffe is re-
ofed.And therefore were certaine dogs foundand maintained at the commen cofts and ge
charges ofthe Cittizens of Rome in the place cald Capitolium.,to giue warning of theeues
‘comming. This kind of dog is fo called, ; Loge
In Latine Canis Laniavinue,inEngliththe — | 1935 naisd
Dutchersdog. lw ict
So called for the neceffity of his vc, for his {eruice affoordeth great benefieto the but-
cher
Sos
Of Dogeges. | 175
cher aswell in following asin taking his cattell when neede conftraineth, vrgeth, and re-
quireth. This kind of Dog is likewife called,
In Latine Mo/ofücms or Moloffus
| After the name ofa countrey in Egzrws called Molof(ia, which harboureth many ftoute,
ftrong,and fturdy Dogsofthisfort, for the Dogs of that countrey are good indeede, or
elfethere is no truft to be had in the teftimony of writers. This dog is alío called,
In Latine Camis Mandatariusa Dog meffen-
ger or Carrier.
Vpon fubftanciall confideration, becaufe at his maifters voice and commaundement,
16 hecarrieth letters from placeto place, wrapped vp cunningly in his lether collar, faftned
thereto, or fowed clofe therein, who, leaft he fhould be hindred in his paffage;vfeth thefe
helpes very skilfully, namely refiftance in fighting if he be not ouermatched, or elfe
fwittneffe and readineffe in running away, if he. be vnable to buckle with the Dog
that would faine haue a fnatch at his skinne. This kinde of Dog is likewife called,
In Latine Canis Lunarivs sin Englith
the Mooner. d Jet
Becaufe he doth nothing elfebut watch and ward aran inch, wafting the wearifome
night feafon without flombering or fleeping,bawing and wawing at the Moon(that I may
vfe the word of Nonivs ) a quality in mine opinion ftrange to confider. This kind of dog is
i| eo alfo called, |
In Latine_4quariusin Engli(h a water drawer. - | b
Andthefebe of the greater and the waighter fort; drawing water out of wels and deepe ‘ii
pits, by a wheele which they turne round about by the mouing of their burthenous bo. | |
dies. This dog is called in like manner.
| Canis Sarcinarius in latine; and may aptly beEnglithed, a
RP
| Tynkers Curre. ; '
| Becaufe with marueilous patience they beare big budgets fraught with Tinkers tooles,. i PUN
and mettall meete to mend kettels, porrige-pots, skellets; and chafers, andother fuch SUN TO
like trumpery requifite fortheir occupacion and loytering trade , eafing him of a great ELO.
| «go burthen,which otherwife he himíelfe (nould carry. vpon his fhoulders; which condition T Up EM
hath challenged vato them the forfaid namic. Befides the qualities which we haue already "8 d
recounted, this kind of Dogs hath this principall property ingrafted inthem, that they
loue their maifters liberally, and hate ftraungers defpightfully ; whereupon itfolloweth
that they are to their maifters intraueiling a finguler fafegardey defending them force- 1
ably fromthe inuafion of villayns and theeues: preferuing their liues from loffe;and their 1i
health ftom hazzard,their Aeth from hacking and hewing with fuch like defperate daun- i
gers. For which confiderationthey are meritorioufly teamed, ^'^. 2606 ]ha
| Inlatine Canes defen[ores : defending dogs Not Si ibd
: 5 in ourmothertongue. 27 nu ! MiB
^iYfit chance thatthe mailterbe oppreffed, either by a multitude, or by the greater vio- H ae
49 [ence and fo be beaten downe that helie groueling onthe ground, (itis proued true by Bee (en
experience) that this dog forfaketh not his maifter;no not when he is ftarke dead: But in- "LE IL a
"during the force of famifhmentand the outragious tempeftes ofthe weather, moftvigi- TA
Jantly watcheth and carefully keepeth the: deade carkaffe many daies, indeuouring fur- / a |
thermore, to killthemurthererof bis:maifter; if hemay getany aduantage. | Orclíeby X EOM
barking,by howling;by furiousiarring,{narring and fuch like means betrayeth the miale- a |
faGor as defirous to hauethe death of his’ aforfaid maifter rigorioufly reuenged, An ex- P |
ample heerof fortuned withinthe:compaffe of my memory. The Dog ofa certaine way- TRA
faring man trauailing from the Citty of London dite@ly tothe Towne of &ingftone(moft |
famous and renowned by reafon of the triumphant cotonation of eight feuerall Kings)
5° paffing ouer a good portion of his iourney was affaulted and fet vpon by certaine confe-
derate theeues lying in waight for the fpoyle in Come-parcke à perillous bottom compaf-
fed about with Woods too well kiowne for the manifold murders and mifcheeuous rob-
beriestheircorimitted; ^ ^ 0 | F
- Tnto whofe handesthis pafürizer chaunced tofall, fo that his illluckcoft him the price
of
E +
— - — í— — d a
= Socr Sere E LI ee Sep x i SSS Se LC ie RR E RS — =
—— a ee m E ac x QT =e E. GSE E oes Deu —— ne aay
== SSS SSS a Se - - Me — ec wainun etant n ————— = TERT ———— — Lem SU E
—— me MÀ
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
of hislife. Andthat Dog whofefyer was Englith , (which Blomdus regiftreth to hauebeene
within the bankes of his remembrance) manifeítly perceiuing that his maifter was mur-
thered (this chanced not farre from Pars) by the hands of one which was a fuiter to the
fame woman, whom he was a wooervnto, didbothbewray the bloody Butcher, and at-
tempted to teare out the villains throat, if he had notfought meanes to auoid the reuen-
ging rage ofthe dog. Infyersalfo which fortune in the filence and dead time of the night
orin ftormy weather ofthe faidefeafon, theolder dogs barke, ball, howle, and yell, (yea
notwithftandingthey be roughly rated) neyther will they ftay their tongues till che hou-
fhould feruants awake, rife,fearch,and fee the burning ofthe fire,which being perceiüed
they vfe voluntary filence, and ceafe from yolping. ‘This hath bin, andisfousd true by
triall, infundry partsof England. | |
There was no fainting faith in that Dog, which when his maifter by a mifchance in hun-
ting ftumbled and fel, toppling downea deepe ditch being vnábleto tecouer of himfelfe,
the dog fignifying his maifters mi(hap, refcue came; and he was-hailed vp by arope,
whom the Dog feeing almoft drawne vp tothe edge ofthe ditch, cheerefully faluted, lea-
ping and skipping vpon his maifter as though he would haue imbraced him, being glad
of his preferice, whofe longer abfence hewasloathtolacke. Some Dogs therebe, which
will notfuffer fierie coales to ly fcatterédabout the hearth, but with their pawes will rake
vp theburning coales,.mufing and ftudying firftwith themfelues how it might conueni-
ently be done.And if fo bethat the coales caft to greata heat, then will they burythemin
athes and foremoue them forward toa fit place with their nofes.Other dogs be ther which
execute the office of a Farmer inthe night time.For when his maifter goeth tobedde to.
takehis naturallfleepe.And when, » 12
A hundred bars of braffe and yron boltes, .
Make all things [afe from flartes and from reuolts.
When Ianus keepes the gate with Argos eye,
ola t hat dangers none approach, ne mifehiefe nie. d
As Virgill vaunteth in his verfes, Then if his maifter biddeth him goeabroad, he linge-
:xeth not; but raungethouer all his lands: there about, more diligently, Iwys, thenanie
farmer himfelfe.And ifhe find any thingther that is (trangeand pertaining to other per-
fons befides his maifter, whether it be man, woman, or Beaít;he driueth them out,ot the
ground, not meddling with any thing that dobelong tothe poffeffion and vfe of his ma
-fter.But how much faithfulnes, fo muchdinerfity there isintheir natures... ;.; ,
Forthere be fome, which barke onely with free and open-throat but wil not bite, fome
-which do bothbarkand bite, and fome which bite bitterly beforethey barke.i: ~,.
-ov The firft are not greatly to be feared, becaufetheythemfelues are fearefull; and feare-
full dogs (asthe prouerbe importeth) barke moft vehemently.» > roidvwsezise
The fecond are dangerous, it is wifedome to take heed of them) becanfe they found as
it were, an Alarum of anafterclap;andthefe dogs muftnotbe ouer much mouedor pro-
uoked, for then they take on outragionfly as ifthey: were mad, watchingto fetthe print
oftheir teeth inthe fleth.And thefe kind of dogs arefierceand eager by nature...
The thirdare deadly, for they fly vpona man without vtterance of voice, {natch at him,
andcatch him by thethroat,and moft cruelly bite out collops of flefh.Feare thefe kinde
of Curres, Gfthou be wifeand cireumfpe&t aboritthine owne fafety ) for ifthey be ftoute
dnd ftubborne Dogs, and fet vpon a man ata fuddaiie vnwares. By thefe fignes and to-
kens by ¢hefenotesand arguments our men difcerne the cowardly Curre from the co-
ragious Dog, the boldefromthe fearefull, the butcherly from the gentleand tra&able.
Moreouerthey conie&turethata whelpeofanillkindis not woorth keeping, and that no
dog can ferue the fundry vfes of men fo aptly andfo conueniently as this fort of whom we
hauefo largely written already.For ifany be difpofed to draw the aboue-named feruices
intoatable, what man more clearely and with more vehemency of voice giueth warning
either ofa waftfull beaft, or ofa fi poiling theefe then this? Whoby his barking (as good
- asaburning Beacon) forefbeweth hazzardes at hand ? What manner of beaft ftronger ?
What feruaunt to his maifter morelouing ? What companion-more trufty What
Watchman more vigilaunt ? What reuenger more conflaunt ?. What. meffengec
more fpeedie ? What Water.bearer more painefull ? Finally; what Packe-horffe
IO
29
39
49
59
aeo o Of Dogges. ! 045
more patient? And chus much concerning Englith dogs, firft ofthe gentlekind,fecond-
ly ofthecourfer kind: Now itremaineththat we deliuer vnto youthe dogs ofa mungrell
orcurrifh kind,an dthen will we pérforme our taske. '
Containing Curres of the mungrell and rafcall fort, and fft of alt
the Dog calledin Latine; Admonitor, and ot Vs in Englifh,Vappe _
,
s or Warners
o
& F fuch Dogs as keepe not their kind, of füch asare mingled out of
fundry fortes ‘not imitating the conditions of fomeone certaine
{pice, becaufe they refemble nonotable fhape, nor exercife any
}
‘ C^ 15 s
Oo SY worthy propertye ofthetrue, perfe& and gentlekinde, itis not
c
eo neceflary that I write any more of them, but co bani(h them as vn-
aL S M profitable implements, outofthe bounds of my booke, vnprofi-
giS/CRo NS table I fay,for any vle thatis commendable, except to entertaine
BREAK HAR ‘ftrangers with barking in the day time, giuing warning to them of
| _- thehoufe,that fuch and fuch benewly come,wherupon we cal them admonifhing dogs;
becaufe inthat point they performe their office. ! ym
|| 20 Of the Dog called Türnefpete in Latine
Veruuer[ator. |
Here is comprehended, vuderthe Curres of the coutfeft kinde, a certaine dog in i
- [| kitchen-feruice excellent.For when any meatis tobe roafted, they go into a wheel, SAT MR
> Whichthey turning roundabout with the waight of their bodies,fo dilligently looke Tie |
to their bufinefie; that no drudgenor fcullion can do thefeate more cunningly, VV hom Bn.
the popular fort hereupon call Turnefpets;being the laft of allthofe which wee haue fict Dono
mentioned. no) snph etd hrs «d Tune 13. adiac d hy EIAS:
| 3° )f the Dogge called the dauncer, in Latine fae E UC
-Saliater ox Tympanifia. i |
Herebe alfo dogsamong vs of a mungtel kind, whichare taught and excetcifed to ui i
| daunce in meafure at the muficall found ofan inftrument,as,at the iuft (troke of the (a
DTS S drütrbe, at thefweetaccert ofthe Citertie; and tuned ftringes ofthe harmonious : 1
Hato; flhiewitig many pretty trickes by the gefture oftheir bodies. Asto-ftandbolt vp- i
right, to lie Racvponthe grourid;to turn roundasa ring holding theirtailsintheirteech, Th i
tobeg for their meat; atid fundry-fuch properties; which rhey learne of their vagabundi- i UR
A call maifters; whofe inftruments they are to gather gaine withall in Citty;country,town,: OTI wc
| 4° andvillage-As fome which carry old Apeson their {holders in coloured'ackets to mouc MEE ig
mentolaughterforalitlelucre. “9 ioca ett 5n ST | ttd M
| i 1 [4n
Ofother Dags, apart conelufion ; wonderfully ingenttred within |
9 vo ,.,the-coafts ofthis country... eio sili ‘
(oN E thelethere be three forts. The firft,bted ofa bitch and Wolfe, called in Eatitíe Daa
e Lycifeus. Théfecond of aBitch and a Fox, in Latine Zacena. The thirdofa Beare LUN.
E "andaBandog,/Yeambs. ———— >it My Te 2 ». » 411 2 ne 3 2 € § | 3 a T ( 1
"| go; Ofthe firft we haue none naturally bred within the borders of England. ‘The reafon yi W
is for the wantof Wolues, without whome no füch dog can be ingendred, " Againe, TUE
itis deliuered vnto thee in-this difcourfe, how and by what meanes, ‘by whofe be- | bru
nefit and within what circute oftime, this country was cleetely difcharged of rauening UST MI
Wolus,and none at alleft, no, not to the leaft number or to the beginning ofa tumber, i E
wichsanPAMH c 0-8 " nus Dm DERE ]
"uc Of i ;
] at
| BIN
| | i
| H _. ——
178
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Ofthe fecondfort weare not vtterly voide of fome, becaufe this our English foileis
not free from Foxes, (for ind eed weare not withouta multitude of them, infomuch as di-
uers keepe, fofter, and feed them in theirhoufes among their hounds and dogs, either for
fome malady of mmd, or for fome ficknes of body) which peraduenture the fauor of that
fübtill beaft would either mitigate or expell. patie
The thirde which is bred ofaBeare &aBandog we want notheere in England, (A
ftrange and wonderfull etfe&t, that cruell enemies should enter intotheworke of copula-
tionand bring forthfofauagea curre.) Vndoübtedly it is euen fo as we haue reported,
forthe fiery heat of their flesh, or rather rhepricking thorne, or moft ofall, thetickling
luft of lechery, beareth fuch {wing and{way in chem, that there isno contrarietie forthe
time, but of conftraint they muft ioyne to engender. And why should not this be confo-
nantto truth ? why should not thefe beafts breed inthis land, as wellas in other forreine
nations ^ For we read that Tigres and Dogsin Hircamia,that Lyonsand dogs in Arcadia,
and that VVolues and Dogs in Frazc/4, couple and procreate. Inmenand women alfo
lightned with the Lantarne of reafon (but vtterly voide of vertue) that foolish, franticke,
and fleshily a&ion(yet naturally fealed in vs)wo rketh fo effe&tualy , that many timesit doth
reconcile enemies, fet foes atfriendship, vnanimityyand attonement, as Mera mentio-
neth.The77eaze whichis bred ofa Beareandadog, — Nri sit
Is fierce, ts fell, is flout and flrong, —
Ana biteth fore to flefhand bene.»
His furious forceindureth long
Invage he will be rul‘d of none.
That I may vfe the words of the Poet Gratius. This dog exceedeth all other in erue] con-
ditions, his leering and fleering lookes, his fterne and fauage viflage, maketh him in fight
fearefulland terrible, heis violentin fighting, and wherefoeuer he fet his, tenterhooke
teeth, he taketh fuch fure and faft hold,that a man may fooner teare and rend him affun-
der, then loofe him and feperate his chaps-He paffethnot for the Wolfe, the Beare, the
Lyon, nor theBull,and may woorthelie (as I thinke) ‘bee companion with Alexanders
Dog which came out of India. But of thefe, thus much, and thus farre may feemefuffi-
cient. .
eA flart to NUM)
r3 Jt
dogges inthis conclufion, not impertinent to
the Authors purpofe.. ., .. 5... Il: adsl T Y^
XU Scand cuftome hath ehtertaihed other dogsiof 2 ‘ouslandishdeinds but afewe and
«M thefame.being of a pretty bigness] meane Iflandidegs, curled and rough all ouer;
lo
20
30
which by reafon of the length oftheir haire makeshew neither of face nor of. body.
And yetthefé curs; forfooth; becaufe they are fo ftrangeare greatly fet by; efteemed,ta-
ken vp,and many times inthe roome ofthe Spaniell geütleor comforter,’ Thenatucesof 40
men is fo moued, naierather mattied to nouelites without allreafon, wit; iudgementor
perfeuerance, Erromen allotrian pareromen [uggenez. — laid c actesarteusal cal
Outlandi[h tayes we take with delight,
. | Things of our owne nation we haue tm defpighte o sss uox
Which fault remaineth notin vs concerning Dogs onely, but for artificersalfo. And
why ? it is manifeftthat we difdaine and contemne our owne workemen, be they neuerfo
skilfull, be they, neuerfo cunning ,bethey neuer Ío excellent. Abe ggerly beaft brought
out of barbarous borders, from the vetermoft countries Northward, &c, weltare at, we
ize at, we mufe, we meruaileat,like án Affe of Camanum, liké Thales with the brazen
{hanks, likethe manin theMoone. |... or py oh pe yen
_.: The which default Hippocrates marked when he wasaliue, as euidently appeareth.in
the beginning of his booke Peri agmen,fointituledandnamied: ^ ' ^, ^ — 7
And wein our worke intituled De Ephemera Britamica, tothe péopleof England haue
moreplentifully expreffed.In this kind looke whichis moft blockifb, and yet moft wafpith
the fame is moft efteemed, andnot among Cittizens onely andiolly Gentlemen; but a-
OS
"AP CP
$9
ur. 9 Aa !
| Of Dogees.
among lufty L ordes alfo; and noblemen. Further Iam notto wadein the foorde ofthis
difcourfe, becaufeit was my purpofe to fatisfie your expe&ation witha fhort treatife
(moftlearned Comrade) not wearifome for me to write, nor tedious for youtoperufe. A-
mong other things which youhaue receiued at my handsheretofore, remember that I
wrote feuerall defcription of che Gerullian dog, becaufe there are butafew ofthem, and
therefore very fildomefeene.As touching dogs of other kinds you your felfe haue taken
earneft paine in writing of them both liuely, learnedly, and largely. But becaufe we haue
drawne this libell moreatlength then theformer which I fent you (and yet breefer then
| | the nature ofthe thing might well beare) regarding your moftearneft and neceffary ftu-
10 dies.I will conclude making a rehearfall notwithftanding (for memories fake) of certaine
fpecialties contained in the whole body of this my breuiary.And becaufe you participate
principall pleafure inthe knowledge ofthe common and vfuall names of Dogs (as I ga-
| containing as well the Latine as the Englifh names,and to render a reafon of euery par-
ticular appellation,to the intent that no fcruple may remaine in thispoint, but that eue-
| ry thing may befifted to the barebottome.,
A Supplement or Addition, containing a demonftration of —
Dogs names how they had their Origi-
a nall.
He names contained in the generall table, forfomuch asthey fignifie no-
thing to you being a ftranger, and ignorant of the Engli(h toong, except
they be enterpreted:as we haue giuenareafon before of the Latin words,
{o meaneweto donoleffe ofthe Engli(h, that euery thing may be mani-
i feft vnto your vnderftanding.VVherein I intend to obferue the fame order
which I haue followed before. ó
| Agax in Engli(h Hund is deriued of our Englifh word hunt. One letter changed iri
Sade: namely T, into D,as Hunt, Hund, whom ifyou coniecnre to be fo named
of your country word Hund; which fignifieth the generall name (Degge) becaufe of
the fimilitude and likenes ofthe words I will not fland in contradi&tion (friend Ge/zer )for
Ío muchas we retaine among vs atthis day manie Dutch words which the Saxons leftat
fuchtiiheas they enioyed this countrie of Britaine. Thus muchalfo vnderftand, thatas
in yourlanguage Hundis the common word fo in our naturall tongue (Degge) is the v-
niuerfall, but Hund isperticuler anda fpeciall;for it fignifyeth {uch a dog onely as ferueth
to hunt, and thereforeitis called a Hund. j ivd
wert Sw Of the Gafehound. toh
- | The Gafehound called in latine Aga/eus,hath his name of the fharpenes and ftedfaft-
| 49 nes of his eie-fight.By which vertue hee compafieth thatwhich otherwifehe cannotby
fmelling attaine. As we haue made former relation, for to gafe is carneftly to view & be-
hold, from whence floweth the deriuation of this Dogs name. D |
Of the Grey-hound. ot «ici
The Grey-hound called Leporartus, hath his name of this wor d Gre, which word foun-
deth, Gradus in latine,in English Degrec.Becaufe among al dogs thefe are the moft prin-
cipall, hauying the chicfeft place, and being fimplie and abfolutelie the beft ofthe gentle
kind ofhounds. oi |
Of the Leuyner or the Lyemmer. |
This dog is calleda Leayner, for his lightnes, whichin latinefoundeth Lewitas. Ora
5© Lyemmer which word is borrowed of Lyeinme; which the Latinnifts name Zerum: and
wherefore wee call him a Leuiner of this worde Lenitas : (aswe doe manie things befides)
why we deriue and drawathoufand of our tearmes, out ofthe Greeke, the Latine,the Ita-
lian, the Dutch,the French, andthe Spanish tongue; (Outof which fountaines indeede,
they had their Original iffise.) How many wordsare buried in the graue of forgetfulneffe?
; growne
-
_ therby the coarfe of your letters) fuppofe it not amiffe to delinér vnto youa fhorttable
179
mI EE
ice a Rei ae
S
Ci ah
MESE SE SE iota taii oim it ooi na ees ud
ee ae
ago The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
grówne out of vfe? wreftedawry ? and peruerfly corrupted by divers defaults ? we will
declareat large in our booke intituled, Symphonia vecum Britannicarum.
, Of the Tumbler.
Among hounds the Tumbler called in Latine Vertagus, which commethof this word
Tumbler, flowing firft from the French fountaine, For as we fay Tumble, fo they Tum-
bier, referuing our fenceand fignification, which the Latinnifts comprehend vnderthis
word Vertere.So that we fee thus much, that Tumbler cemmeth of Tusmbier, the Yowell,
I, changed into the Zéquéd,L, after the maner of our fpeech. Contrary tothe French & 19
the Italian tongue.In which twolanguages.A Liquid before a Vowell for the moft partis
turned into another Vowell.As, may be perceiued in the example of thefe two words Jm-
plere & plano, for Impiere c panio, L, before, E, changed into I, aud L, before A, turned ”
into Lalío.This I thought conuenient for a taft. |
After fuch as ferue for hunting, orderly do follow fuchas ferue for hawking and fow-
ling, Among which the principall and cheefeft is the Spaniell, called in Latine Hi/panio-
lus, borrowing his name'of Hifpania, wherein we Engli(hmen not pronouncing the A-
fpiration H, nor the Yowell 1, for quicknes and readineffe of fpeech fay roundly a Spag-
nell.
- Of the Setter. : | s
20 |
The fecond fort is called a Setter, in Latine /sdex Ofthe word(Set) which fignifieth in
Englith that which the Latinifts meane by this word Locum defrgnare, the reafonis reher-
fed before more largely, it (hall not therefore need to make anew repetition.
Of the water Spaniell or Finder.
He water Spaniell confequently followeth, called in Latine Agwaticus, in Englith
. a water Spagnell, which name is compound of two fimple words, namely Water,
- whichin Latine foundeth 4444, wherein he fwimmeth. And Spare, Hifpania, the
Country from whence they came; not that England wanteth füch kind of Dogs,(for they
are naturally bred and ingendred in this country, )but becaufe they bear the generaland 39 |
common name ofthefe Dogs fincethetimethey were firft brought ouer out of S paine.
And we makea certaine difference in this fort of dogs, either forfomthing which in their
qualitiesisto be confidered as foran example in this kind called the Spanielby the appo-
| fition and putting to ofthis word water;which two coupledtogether found water Spani-
ell. Heis called a finder, in Latine Znqui/itor, becaufe that by ferious and fecure feeking,
he findeth fuchthings as beloft, which word FizZ in Englith is thatwhich the latins mean
by this verbe Jauentre. This dog haththisname of his property, becaufe the principal
point ofhis feruice confifteth in the premiffes.
Now leauing the furueiwe of hunting and hawking dogs, it remaineth that we run
ouer the refidue, whereoffomebe called, fine dogs, fome courfe, otherfome mungrels 49 |
or Rafcals. The firftis the Spaniell gentle called Cans Melitaus, becaufe itisakindof dog . ''*
accepted among Gentils, Nobles, Lords, Ladies, &c. who make much of them, vouch-
fafing to admit them fo farre into their conipany that they will not onelie Jul them in their!
laps, but kifle them with their lips, and make themtheir pretty play-fellowes. Such aone
was Gorgons little puppy mentioned: by Thederstus in Siracn/is, who taking his iourhey,
firaightly charged and commaunded his maid to feeto bis dog as charily and warely as to
his childe : To call himin alwaies that hé wandred notabroad,as wellas to rock thé babe:
afleepe, crying inthe cradle.
This puppitly and pleafant Curre, (which fome frumpingly tearme fy fing houndes)
ferue in amanertono good vfe, except(as we haue made former relation) tofuccorand 59
ftrengthen quailing and quamming ftomackes,to bewray bawdery, and filthy abhomina-
bleleudnes (which a little Dog of chiskinde did in Stcilza) as Aelsanus in. his 7. booke of
beafts, and 27. chapter recordeth. T
Of dogs vnder the courfer kind, we will deale firftwiththe Shepherds Dog, whome
we callthe Bandog, the Tydog; or the Maftiue, the firft nameis imputed to him for fer-
uice;
|
!
| | | Of "Dogges. ISI
uice Quoniam paftori famulatur , becaufeheisat the Shepheards his maiffers commande-
meut.Thefecond a Z4gamezto of the band or chaine wherewith hee is tied, The thirde a
Sagina, ofthe fatnes of his body. |
For this kind of Dog which is vfually tyed,is mighty, grofle, and fatfed. I know this that
| Anguftinus Niphus, calleth this Majtinus (which we call Ma/linws) andthat Albertus wri-
teth howe the Lycif/eus is ingendred by a Beare anda Woolfe. Notwithftanding thefelfe
fame author taketh it for che molt parce pro Moloffo. A Dog of fucha country,
Of MungrelsandRafcals fomewhat is to be fpoken : and among thefe, ofthe Wappe
or Turnefpet, which name is made of two fimple wordes, that is, of Turne, which inlatiue
xo foundeth Verzzreyand of {pete which is Vers, or {pede, for the Englifh word inclineth clo-
fertothe Italian imitation : Verswerfator, Turnefpit. Heiscalled alio Waupe, of the na-
turall noife of his voice Wau, which he maketh in barking. But forthe better and readi-
erfound, the vowell u, is changed into che confonant P, forhat for waupe we fay wappe.
And yet I wot well that Novins borroweth his Baubari of the naturall voice Bau, asthe
Grecians doe. their Bantein of wau. zb
Nowwhen you vnderflandthis;that Sa/zare in latine fygnifieth Danfarein Englifh. And
chat our Doggethereupon is calleda Daunfer, and in the latine Saltator, you are fo farre
| raughtas you were defirous to learne : and now] fuppofe, there remaineth nothing, but
| — thatyourrequeft is fully acomplifned.
20 —
a QM eS SS =
ERI
J
a
" —
V mU
Hus (Friend Ge/wer) you haue, not onely the kindes ofour countrey Dogges, but
| their names alfo, as well in Latine as in Englith,their O ffices;Seruices,Diuer(ties,
Natures, and Propetties,that you can demaund no more of me in this matter. And
albeit I haue not fatisfied your mind peraduenture (who fufpe&te(tal {peed inthe perfor-
| mance ofyourrequeftimploied,to be meere delaies) becaufe I ftaid the fetting forth of
that vnperfe& pamphlet, which fiue yeares agoe Ifentto youasa private friend for your
owne reading, and not tobe printedandfo madecommon, yet hope Chauing like the
Bearelickt ouer my young) I haue waded ouer inthis worketo your contentation, which
delay hath made fomewhat better aud Deuterai phrontides after wit more meete to be per- TEUER
4 T ufed. 01 Ta fs 1 : / fes ridet
Now itis conuenient to fhut vp this treatife of Dogges, with a recitall of their feuerall their cures.
difeafesand cures thereof; foras all other creatures, fo that this bea(tis annoyed with Blondes. 1
many infirmitics.Firft, therefore if you gme vnto a dog cuery feuenth day or twice in fe- aM LUTEA. |
uen daies broath or pottage, wherein Iuy isfod, it will preferue him found withoutany o- pL DATI
ther medicine, for this hearbe hath the (ame operation in Dogs to make wholefom their ,,. |^
meat, that it hark in (heepe to clenfe their pafture. Thefmall roots of Ellebor which are oe i j
liketo Onions, haue power inthemto purge the belly of Dogs: Other giue them goats- i "
milk, or (alt beaten fmall, or Sea-crabs beaten {mall and put into water, or Staues-acre,& RE iy)
imediatly after his purgation, tweetmilke.Ifyour dog be obftru&edand ftoppedinthe | iA TRE J.
1 belly, which may be dilcernedby his trembling, fighing, and remoouing from placeto Albertm. |
place,giue vnto him Oatenmeal and water to eat, mingled together and made as thickas
a pultiffe, orleauened oten-bread,andfometimea little whay to drinke. |
Theancients haueobferuedthat Dogs are moft annoyed withthree difeafes, the fwel-
ling of the throat, the gowt, and madness but the later writers haue obferued many noy-
fomeinfirmities in them.Firft,they are oftentimes wounded by the teeth ofeach other,
andalfo ofwilde beafts: for cure whereof, Blondus out of Maximus writeth thefe remedies d.
| following : Firft, let the finnewes, Fibres, or griftles ofthe woundbe layed togither, then i t
| fowvpthelips or vpper skin ofthe wound with a needleand thred, and take of the haires TOREM
| ofthe dog which made the woundand lay thereupon, vntil the bleeding be ftanchedand ——— - Pe ly
l| s foleaue itto the dog to be licked for nature hathfo framed the Dogs tongue, that ther- | i" ARR]
| * byinfhortfpacehe cureth deepe wounds. n |
| And ifhecannot touch thefore with his toong then dothhe wet his foot in his mouth, 13 POUR! |
| and fo oftentimes putit vponthe mainte : or if neither ofthefe can be performed by the n D DONE
beaft himfelfe, thea cure it by cafting vpon it the afhes ofa dogs heade, or burned falte, s d P
| . mingled with liquid pitch powredtherupon. WV tad adog returning from hunting is m rt E S UL MI |
| about i
|
E:
Cus Ug eme IOS Ste qt EPIL he
182 ED" Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafis.
Blondus. aboutthe fnowt, by the venemousteeth of fome wildebeaft, I haue feene it cured by ma:
king mcifion aboutthewound whereby the poyfoned blood is euacuated , and afterward
the fore was annointed with oile of Saint Iohns wort. WWood-worms cureth a dog bitten
by ferpents. When he is troubled withvlcers or rindes in his skin, pieces of Pot-fheardes
beatento powder and mingled with vineger and Turpentine, with the fat ofa Goofe ; or
elfe waterwort with new Lard, applyed to the fore, eafeth the fame : and ifitfwel; anoint
it with Butter. "
For the drawing forth thorne orfplinter out ofa Dogs foote, take coltes-foote and
‘Lard, or the pouder thereof burned in ancw earthen pot, and either ofthefe applyed to
the foot draweth forth the thorne and cureth the fore: for by Diofcorides itis faidjto haue 16
forceto extract any point ofa Speare out of the body ofa man. For the wormes which
-breedeinthe vlcers of their heeles, takeVzguentum Egipticeum, and the iuice of peach
]eaues: There are fome very skilfull hunters which affirme , that if you hang aboutthe
-Dogsnecke {ticks of Citrine, as the wood drieth, fo willthe wormes come forth and dy.
Again tor this euil they wath the wounds with water, then rub it with pitch, time, and the
Tardis. dung ofan Oxein Vinegers afterward they apply vnto it the powder of Ellebor. When
a dog istroubled withthe maungie, itch, or Ring-wormes, firft let him-blood in his fore
legs in the greateft veyne, afterward, make an ointment of Quick (iluer, Brimftome,net
tle-feed, and twice fo much olde fewet or Butter, and therewithall'anoint him, putting
Phayas.
Allertus — thereunto if youpleafe decoction of Hops and falt water. 2e
Rafs Some do wath maun gy Dogsiathe Sea-warer, and there is a caue in Sicily (faith Gra-
tius) that hath chis force againft the fcabsof Dogs if they be brought thither; and fetin
the running water which feemeth to beas thickeas oyle.Flegme or melancholly doth of-
ten engender thefe euils, and fo after one Dogisinte@ed, allthe refidue that accompa-
ny ot lodge wich him , are likewife poifoned : for the auoyding thereof, you muft giue
them Fumitory, Sorrel,and whay fod together, it is good alfo to wafh them in the fea,or
in Smiths-water, or in the deco@ionaforefaid. . |
For the taking awaie ofwarts from the feet of Dogs or other members, firít rub and
friccafe the wart violently, and afterward anoint it withfalt, Oyle, Vineger, and the pow:
der of the rind of a Gourd, or elfelay vnto it Alloes beaten with muftard-feed, to eat it off, 50 |
and afterward lay vnto it the little fcories or iron chips, which flie off from the Smithes
hotte iron while he beateth it, mingled with Vineger, andit fhallperfe@ly remooue
them. T.
Againft Tikes,Lyce, and Fleas,annointthe Dogs with bitter Almonds, Staues-acre;
or Rootsof Maple, or Cipers, or frothof Oile and ifitbe old; and annoint alfo their ears
with Salt-water, and bitter Almondes, then (hall not the flies inthe Summer time enter
intothem.If Bees, or Wafpes, or {uch Beafts ftinga Dogge, lay tothe fore burned Rue,
with Water sand ifa greater Fly,as the Hornet, lecthe Water bewarmed. A Dog thall
be neuer infected withthe Plague if you put into his mouth in thetime ofany common
Blonds, : peftilence, the powder of a Storks craw, or Ventrickle, or any partthereof with Water: 49
which thing oughtto be regarded, (for no creature tsfo foone infe&ed with the plague
as is aDoggeanda Mule) and therefore they mufteither at the beginning receiue me-
dicine, or elfe bee remooued out of the ayre, according to: the aduife-of Gra-
qus:
ee EUM EI cms SERA Sa eg E dite e
Sed vary mitus nccim omnibus vna poteffes,
Difte vites cb qua tutelaelt proxima, tenta.
Ple.
Woolfe-wort,and Apocynon whofeleaues arelike the leaues of Iuye, and {mellftrongly,
willkill all Beafts whichare littered blind ;as Wolues, Foxes, ‘Beares,and Dogs, ifthey se
eat thereof: Solikewife willtherootof chameleon and Mezereon, in water and oyle, it kil-
Difeorides — lech Mice, Swine,and Dogs.Ellebor and Squilla,and Faba Lupina, haue the fame opera-
tion There isa Gourd (called Zzzziber of the Water) becaufe thetaft thereof is like to
Ginger, the Flower, Fruite,and Leafe thereofkilleth Affes, Mules, Dogs, and manie o-
ther Foure-footed beaftes. The nuts Vomiee, are poifon to Dogges, excepttheir eare be
ipt cut
E
et iM n ir
Eus
| ! Of Dogges. —— 183
cut prefently and madeto bleed. Iewill caufethem toleape ftrangely vp and downe, and |
kill him withintwo houres after the tafting, if it be not preuented by the former remedy. Ali
Theophrafius Chryfippus affirmerh, that che water wherein Sperrage hath beene fodde gi-
| uen to Dogges, killeth them :thefumcof Siluer or Leade hath the fame opperati- |
on. TN aie
Ifa Dog growlean,and not through want of meat, itis goodto fill him twice or thrice Wl
|. with Butter, andifthat doenot recouer him, then itisa figne that theworme vnder his Alberts ae
| tongue annoieth him, (which muft be prefently pulled out by fome Naule or Needle) &. i He
| ifthat fatisfienot; he cannot live,but will in fhorttime perifh. And itis to be noted, that n qi
| xo Oaten bread leauened, will makea fluggi(h dog to become lufty, agile, and full of fpirit.. at
i ‘ 4 . E LI - LI Blonds. ny | ,
Dogsatealfo many times bewitched, by the onely fight of inchauuters, euen as infants, i
1
' Lambes,and othercreatures, accordingto Virgils veríe
— SN'efeio quis teneros oculus mihi fa[cinat agnos. !
For thebewitching fpirit enterethby the eie into the hart ofthe party bewitched: for re-
medy whereof, they hang about the necke a chaine of Corrall, as for holy hearbsI hold — Wa
them vnprofitable. °° | iu Ma
| J"Tocurethe watry eyes of Dogs, take warme water, and firft wafh them therewith,and li
| then make a plaifter of meale and the white ofan Egge, andfo lay it thereunto. By rea~ i
| ae fonofthatfaying,Ecclef 20. cap. Bribes and gifts blind the eies of Indges, euen asa dumbe cwicentius, [
| deg turneth away Correction. Some hauc deliue red, that greene Crow-footaforcedinto
| the moüthofa Dog makethhim dumbeandnot abletobarke. When a Dog becommeth Ai
| déafe; the oile of Rofes with new preffed wine infufed into his eares, cureth him : andfor | MU
tlie wormes in the eares, make a plaifter of a beaten fpunge and the white ofan Egge,and Tarde. |] TUE. |
| thatfhall cure it. | - ! "m NUN TR A
The third kind of Quinancy (called Synanche) killech Dogs, becaufe it bloweth vppe pes up E E
their chaps, and includeth their breath. The cough is very noifome to Dogs, wherefore ^?» | rae E
their keepers mutt infufe into their Noftrils two cuppes of wine, withbrufedfweete Al- ' 1 PUE. B
mohds : but Tardinus for this difeafe, prefcribeth great parceley fod with Oyle, Honey, bed M
|. go and Wine, and fo giuen to the Dog.For the fhortnes ofthe breath, bore him thorough 2,4. ide APA B
the eare, and ifthere beany helpe that willpreuaile. — - | ‘ LO
| - ffaboncflicke in the mouth ofa Dog, hold vppe his head backward, and powre Ale id T
into his mouth vntill he cough and fo {hall hebe eafed. When a Dog hath furfetted;and
| fallethto loth his meat, he eateth the hearbe Canaria and is releeued(bothagainft his fur-
| fet and alfo the bitings of Serpents.) For the worntesin the belly, he eateth wheate inthe
| ftalke. The gowt niaketh the Dogs legs grow crooked, and it is neuer fo cured, butthataf-
| « teracourfeor twothey growlameagaine. "VVhenhis skin flyeth from hisnailes, take
| meale & water & bind them theruntofor a remedies and thefe are for the moft part,thofe
| difeafes wherewithall dogs are infe&ted, and the otherare either cured by heat, or by ea-
| ag ting of graffe :and fo for this part, I conclude boththe ficknes and cure of dogs, with the
ig faying of Gratius :
! Mille tement pefles curaque potentia maior.
Concerning the madnes of dogs, and their venemous bítings weare now to fpeake : and e ae
firftofal, no reafonable man oughtto doubt,why the teeth ofa mad dog {hould do more fee,
harme then ofa foundand healthy one; becaufe in rage and anger, the teeth ofeuery curs. | !
beaft and creature, receiue venome and poifon from the head (asitiswell obferued by — . E |
v£gineta )and foatthat time faftning their teeth they do more harm then atother times. | LN
Againft the (imple biting ofa dog, it is fufficient to vfebut the vrine ofa dog, for there is Ma tite,
notmuch venome in thofe wounds, and the vrinealfo wil draw out the prickles of a hedg- ad
hog, becaufe fuch wounds haue in them but little poyfon. Alfo(as Aetivs prefcribeth) it~ Peat
| *' isvery Soueraigne in füch wounds: firftofall to couerand rub the fore withthe palme | Ha I
| efoneshand,andthen powreinto it Vineger and Nitre, foas it may difcend to the bot- : PROS.
| — tome of the wound, and afterward lay vnto ita new fpunge wetted in the fame Vineger & a
| nitre and let it be fo continued fer the fpace of three daies, and by the working thereof T
it fhal be whole. .
Rea Alfo
Lar dee aie SBMS
LPN Roam ln =
tenete rmm cnt n i RR ot C PRU m ri GC OT
eR oer = Sa ee : Dr ET MS re eee E emm
Meet ee ne AS t = e - ADVENT Dad T MIS ERREUR. tun =
Sar oF ee > LR Sa Te E
^e,
VGL E uic RE TT NE
E pP
L » a r
Y == [ae
Me a Ca a D.
194.
The Hifforie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Alfo itis generally to be obferuedin all the bitings of men by Dogs, thatfir(tof all it
is tequifite;that the wound be well rubbed ouer by the-palme of che band wich Vineger,
then poire into the woands; viheger mixed with water er with sitrejayiagalfoafpunge
thereuponyand fo bindit vpon the place, ‘hauing firf: wetted’ the -cloathes whetewithall
ou bind it with the faid vineger mixed, fo let it remaine bound vp three daies together,
andafterwatd followche common courfe of curing; as ih euety vulgat woundes;or elfe,
" lay thereunto pellitory-ofthe wall; mingled and beaten with falt, changing it everyday,
xntill the crüft or vpper'skinthereof fall away. orc 551 oe oi) umi n suai
*Tejsalfo good fometimes theholes being finall;to wet Lintin vineger,and to
IT: (
purge
4; thewoundwitlipouder of Annifie-feedjor Cumin 5 laying thé Lintyponthe Annifle for
*” ewo ot three daies: "Thefáme being thus purged, táke a medicine of the equall.partes of
Io
Hony, Turpentine, Butter, Goofe-greàce; Marrow ofa Hart; or Galfe, melted betwixt °
the teeth of a man, and lay it thereunto, for it alfo cureththe bitinges of men: but ifthe
fore be inflamed, then lay vnto it; Lentils fod with che parings ofapplegand dried,or the
ctummes of bred with the iayce of beetes, anda little ioyle of Roles, made, like a, plai-
feed. Ledvasty! Fake Mss o niedo badoon seit SH) lost les
Divers Authors hauealfo prefcribed thefe outward medicinesagainftthe bitinges of
Dogsiagenerall, namely Vineger fpunged;the lees of Vineger,,with Nigella Romana,
Venies hairey Alablafter, Brinewich Lint, Gatlicke mixed with hony and taken into the bo:
TIL AI
b 21iBllY
sz dysLees of Wine, Almonds both {weet and bitter mingled with’ Hony ; dried Auniffe-
feeds burned) the leaues of blacke Hore-hound or Archangell beaten: with falt; feallions |
with Hony-and Pepper of the cafe, theinyce of Onions with: Rue. and Hony,-or raw-Q-
nions with Hony and Vineger, but fod ones with hoay 8wine,Gfthey be green) letthem
«T fietothe wound three dayes : theathes of Vine-trees: with oyle, afhes of a figtree.withia
"oj
Jos Gardenssand all other creaturesas ifnature had onely {tronen: to proüide fundry ready
cures for thiseuill aboueallother. : .. o7: Isceid blowin
anak X6
""ERT,
Li
AMatbaolur.
A Hiftory of
the death ef
Baldus.
_feareecloath, befide infinite other elaborate medicines ,drawne from Trees Fruitsyfields,
FCB 1:507
Leaving therefore the fimplebitingsof Dogs, let vs proceed tothe madneffe, ofiDogs
20
atid their bitings, wherein the greater danger mult be.confidered, wich greater.| cirgum- -
-fpe&ion'ofremedies. Firft therfore, theamciehts hauederiued Rabiem, of Rauiemsmad-
nefle,ofthe hoarfnes of voice, (becaufea Dog at that time hath no;perfe& voice.) Bat it ds
more probable, that Rabies commeth of Rapiendo, becaufe when a Dag beginneth to be
oppreffed-heerewith; he biteth; fnatcheth, riinneth too andis fro} and.1s carryedfrom
39
home and Mailter, to: his:owne perdition ::this by the- Graciansis called: Zjfta5and ,
Cynoloffos: ^7: B toxow sri307 (2 eet MERE ASIN
"By this €uill;notonely Dogs perith, but allother creatures (excepta Goofeybitten by
them: and ‘aman doth not efcape without great perill.Eor.4/^ertus relateth aftory, of. a
inan whofe arme was bitten by a mad Dog; and after twelue yeares'the fore brake forth a-
gaine, andhe died withintwo dayes; andthe reafon heerof was (as inalllikelibood thatiof
Celiits y chat when one and thefame nature infe&teth each other ;.45.Dogs do Degs,and 49
men do men, then by reafon oftheirfimilitudeand naturall fympathy, they recemethe
_confuming poyfon with all {peed : burifanother nature infec that, betwixt whom in in-
© ination and paflion, there isa diffimilitude & Antipathy (as is betwixta dogand.aman)
- -. thetiwill the poifon receiue greater’ oppofition, and bee 1o. niuch the lenger bes
fore it receitie predominant operation; becaufethe firft ouercotmmeth. nature by-treat
fon, againft which theres no refiftaunces and the fecond by-openforceand.procláma-
tiónof Warre, againft which all the ftrengthand force of nature is: combinedand.eppo-
" Heereofalfo it came to paffe, that the Noble Lawyer Baldus; playing with his Dog at
Trent, was bitten by him in his lip, andnegléting the matter(becaufe he never fuípected
5°
the Dogs madnes) after foure monethsthe poifon wrought vpponjhim, and he perifhed :
miferably: Thofe Beaftes which haue ‘teeth like fawes, Cas Dogges, Wolues,..and
Foxes ) 'goe' niadde by nature, without the bitinges of others, but, thofe which, haue
Michal Ephe HO füch teeth (as Affes atid Mules.) fall not maddeat any time vntill they be ‘bittenby
fs,
other.
| | '.. Alfo
E Dogger c ONS 185
"Alfo ithath bene obferued, thatfometimes a mad dog hath bitten,and there hath follo.
| wedno harme atall, whereofthis wasthe reafon, becaufe poifon is not equally in all his 4g.Niphwe
teeth ;andtherefore biting wich the purer and wholfomer, thewound became notperil-
| lous. ep .o /4 i Poe TENE MENT P MUR 2
| A man bitten with a mad Dogge, falleth mad prefendy when he commeth vnder the
fhadow ofa Corn-tree 3 as itis affirmed by moft Philitians, for that fhaddow fetteth the 2”
soyfort on fite: but a man falling mad, ofall creatures auoydetha Dog, anda Dog moft j
ofallfalleth vpon men. Thereare many things which engender madnesin Dogs, as hot
| wheateh bread dipped in beane-water, melancholy bred within themand not purged by
fo Canaria or other Heatbes, the menftruous pollutions of Women, and the paine of his
tect. Their madneffe is moft dangerous in the Dog-daies, for then they both kiland pe-
rifh mortally, for arthat time their {pittle orfome; falling vppon mans body, breedeth py,
great daunger sand that ifa man tread vpon the Vrine ofamad Dog, he fhail feele paine Dog daies
by itifhe hauea fore about him : from whence it came to paífe chat a ftonebitten by füch pega Eee
a Dog,was a common prouerbe ofdifcord. Alfo itis obferued, that ifa wound be dref- :
fedinthe prefence of man or woman, which hath beene bitten by a madde Dog, that the
aine theteof wil be encreafed: and which is more,that abortmentwiil follow vpon beafts
with young, or Egs couered by the hen, bytheir prefence : But for remedy, they wath Ple.
their hands and fprinckle thetmfclues, or the Beafts with that water whereby the cuillis to
»e becured. © Rye A
| Ifthegall ofa mad Dog, aboutthebignes ofa Lentillfeed be eaten, itkilleth within fe- .
uen daies, or ele dothno harmearall, ifitpaffe feuen dates without operation. VVhen a ere.
mad Dog had fuddenlie tore in peeces a garment about ones body, the taylor or Botcher
tooke the fame to mend, and forgetting himfelf, put on fide of the breach into his mouth
to ftretchit outto the other, & fell mad immediately. Men thus atfe&ed, feareal waters,
their virile member continually ftandeth, they fuffer many conuulfions, and oftentimes
barke like dogs.
There wasa certaine Mafon at Zuricke, who had his finger greeuoufly bitten witha
madde Dog about Iuly, whereunto he layed Garlicke, Rue, and oile of Scorpions, and fo
3o it feemed tobe healed, wherefore he tookeno counfellof any Phifitian. About Auguft
following, he was taken witha feuer, being firft very cold, then very hot, and fo continu-
| ed {weating fora day or two, and could not endure the cold aire. Hethirfted much, yet
when watet or drinke wasbrought him, he was fo afraid thereofthat he could nor drinke:
| his fweat was cold, and when he felt any colde ayre, hee cried outfor feare it had bin wa-
| ter, thus he remained trembling, and offering to vomit at the fight of water, many times
| howling, and fo perifhed after two daies ended. ;
| Whena Dog is madit may be knowne by thefe fignes, for he will neither eat nor drink, Signs to kno
be lookethawry and more fadly then ordinary; his body is leane, he cafteth foorth thicke ?* Peg
| fleame out of his Noftrils or mouth : He breatheth gaping and his toong hangeth out of
o his mouth.His eares islimberand weake, his taile haageth downeward: his paceis hea-
uyandfluggi(h vntil he run,and then itis more rafh,intemperate and vncertaine. Some-
times running, and prefently after ítand ftill againe :he is verie thirfty but yet abftaineth
| from drinke, he barketh not, and knoweth no man, biting both ftrangers and friends.His
head hangeth downeward, he is fearefull and runneth into fecret places from his whelps pu
or fellowes, who often barke at hirn and will not eat of bread vppon whichhis blood hath ponzertus,
fallen. His cies grow very red. hee many times dieth forfeare ofwater:ífomedifcerneit —
by laying nuts or Graines of corne to the bitten place,and afterward take them away and
caft them to Hens or Pullen, who for hunger will eate them, and if after the eating the
| fowle liue, the dog wil not be mad; but if it die, chen for certaintie the dog will fall mad.
| 3° The whichpaffions do alfo agree withthem that are bitten by him, andit is not to be for-
gotten thatthe bitings ofthe female, bring more danger then the males.
| The bodies of them thatarethus wounded grow very dry andare prefled with inward
| burning feuers,if by muficke and delightfull fports they benot kept waking; many times
| they die (uddealy;or els recouer for a {mall time, and then fall into arelapfed malady,
|
|
|
~
Some giue this to be the caufe of their feare of VVater, becaufe their body
| ; R 3 | growing
X eur mai mms
—
tU EL EA DER:
pn IT ag St a GN GEIS AR rr
—
ee
186 The Hiflory of Feure-footed Beats.
growing dry feemeth to forget all participation with humidity, but Rufus affirmeth; this
... commeth from melancholy, wherewithal thefe períons are moft commonly.atfe&ed ;,
which agreeth with an imagination they haue,that they fee Dogs inthe water, and indeed
it canfiot be but their ow ne countenance, which in thefe paffions is vety red, doth woon-
derfully affli& them ; both in the water, and in all looking glaffes.. 6. oj teen
>» Whenacertaine Philofopher (being bitten by a mad dog) entered intoa bath, and a
v£us ^ ftrongapparitionofa Dog prefenteditíelfe vato him therein, he ftroueagain{tthisima-,
gination with a finguler confident corage to the contrary, faying- within hinafelte, Quid
capi commune efl cum balneo, what hatha Dog to do in a Bath? andfo went inand. ouercam,
his difeafe: which thing had fildome chanced, that aman hath recouered this malady at. 1
ter hee fell into feareand trembling, except Eudemus and Themifo, who obeying the re- —
queft of a friend of his, entered likewife intothe Water, and after many torments, was re-
couered. - m. : u
To conclude,fome men in this extremity fuffer moft fearefull dreames, profufion of.
feed, hoarfnes of voice, (bortnes of breath, retention of vrine, which alfo changeth co-
lour, being fometimes blacke, fometime like milke, fometime thicke, fometime thin as
water, rumbling in the belly, by reafon of crudity,rednes ofthe whole body , diflention
of nerues, heauines of mind, loue of darkenes, and fuch like. Yet doth not this operation
appeare prefently vpon the hurt, but fometimes at nine dayes, fometimes at forty daies,
fometimes at halfe a yeare, or ayeare, or feuen, ortwelueyeare, as hath beene already 44 |
faid. : T Tir |
Thecureof — ForthecureofthefeDogges,andfirít ofall forthe preuenting of madnes, thereare
mad Dogs ey fundry inuented obferuations. Firft, itis good to fhut chem vp,and make them to faftfor |
ther for Pr one day, then purgethem with Hellebor, and being purged, nourifh them with breadeof — |
couering, — barley-meale.Other takethem when they be young whelpes, and take out of their tongue
Phy. . a certaine little worme, which the Grzcians call 25745 after which timethey neuer grow
mad or fall to vomitting, as Gratius noted in thefe verfess ——
Namque [ubit nodis qualinguarenafcibus beret
Verunculum dixere, mala atque incondita peftis
Jam tener is elementa mali, caufasque recidunt. 30
But immediatly it being taken forth, they rub the tongue with faltand oyle.Celumellatea-
cheth that Shepheards of his time, took their Dogs tailes,and pulled outa certainenerue
ort finnew, which commeth from the Articles ofthe backe bone into theirtailes, whereb
they not onely kept the taile from growing deformedandouerlong, but alfo conftantly
. beleeued, that their Dogs could neuer afterward fall madde : whereunto Phy agreeth,
t calling ita caftration or gelding of the taile, adding, that it muft be done before the dog
be forty daies old. Some againe fay, that ifa Dog taft ofa womaus milke which fhe giueth
by the bitth ofa boy, he willneuer fall mad. Nemefian afcribeththe cure heerof to Ca/fo-
reum dried and put into milke, but this is to be vnderftoode of them thatare already mad,
whofe elegant verfes ofthe. caufe, beginning and cure ofamaddog,I hauethoght good 49
heereto expreffe.
Exhalat [eu terra fuus feu noxius aer
Caufa male, [eu cum gelidus nen [uffteit humor.
Torrida per venas conere[cunt femina umma.
Whatfoeuer it be he chus warranteth the cure.
Tune virofa tibi [umes multumque domabis
‘Caftorea adtritn (licis lente[cere cages.
Exebore hue trito puluis ,lecoveferatur
Aamil[cen[s, din, faeiesconere[eere utrumque
Mox lactis liquidos fenfim [uperaddefluores .
Vt noncuncfantes ,bau[lo$ infundere cornu :
Inferto pofsis furiafque repellere trifles.
Armetia a ing of Valentia, prefcribeth this formefor the cure of this euill : let the
Albertus Dog be putinto the Water, fo as the hinderlegs doe onely touch the ground, and his
forelegs be tyed vp like hands ouer his head, and then. being taken againe ont ofthe wa-
ter
)
|
— ; |
TOME ce A "
*- Of Dogges..
ter, let his haire be (naued off, that he may be picled vntill he bleede: thei annoynthim
with oyle of Beetes;and ifthis do not cure him within feuen daies,then let him be knocked
onthehead, orhangedoutoftheway.. — . |... sus ;
:Whena young male Dog fuffereth madneffe, (but him vp with a Bitch; orifa young
Bitch be alfo oppreffed, (huc her vp withaDog, and the one of them will cure the madnes
of theother. ; hak AN ^ FUHR
But the better part ofthis labor,is more needeful to be emploid about thecuring of men,
or other creatures which are bitten by dogs, then in curing orpreu enting that natural in-
firmity. , VVhereforeit isto be remembred, thatall other poyfoned wounds are cured
ro by incifion and circumcifing of the fleth, and by. drawing plaifters, which extract the ve-
20
nom out of the flefhand comfort nature; and by cupping-glaffes, or burning yrons (as
Celius affirmeth) vpon occafion ofa miraculous fi&ion of the Temple doore key of S.
Bellinus ucere Rhodigium s for it was belicued,that if amad man could hold thatkey in
his hand red whot, he fhould be deliuered from his fittes for euer,
There was fuch another charme or incantantion among the .4puleians, madein forme
ofa prayer againftall bitinges of madde Dogges, and other poyfons, vnto.an obfcure
Saint (called Vizbzs) which was to be faide chree fatterdaies in che euening, nyné times
together, whichIhaue heere fetdownefor no other caufe butto. (hewe theirextreame
folly.;.n 5
Alme vithe pellicane Oram. qui tenes Apulum, -
Littufque polygnanicum Qui morfus rabidas leuas
Ira[que canum mitigas Tu fancterabiem a(peram
Ricfu[que canis Inridos Tu auam prohibe luem.
4... Iprocul hine rabies, procul hine furor omnis abeffo... teur rib
Buttocom to the cure offuchas haue bin bitten by mad dogs:Firft I will fet down fome
compound medicíns to be outwardly aplyed to the body : fecondly ome fimpleor vn-
compounded medicines: Inthethird place fuch compounded and vncompounded poti-
ons, asare to betaken inwardly agaift this poyfon. ;.- '
For the outward compoundremedies, a plaifter made of Oppowax and pitch is much
3e commended, which Mewippus víed, taking a poundof Pitch of Brwtias, and foure ounces
40
$e
of Opponax (as tins and 4f uarius doe preícribe) adding withall, that the Oppozax muft
be diffolued in vineger, and afterward, the Pitchandthat vineger muft beboyledtoge-
ther, and when the vineger is confumed, then put in the Oppozax and ofboth together
make like taynters or fplints and thurft them into the wound, fo let them remaine many
dayes together, and in the meane time drinke an antidot offea-crabs and vineger, (for vi-
negeris alway pretious inthis confection, ) Other vfe Ba/iliea, Onyons, Rue, Salt, rufta
of Iron, white bread, feedes of horehound, and tiacle: but the other plaifter is moft for-
cible to beapplyed outwardly, aboueal medicines in the world. !
187
Blondus.
The cure of
ama er beaft
bitten by a
mad Dogge.
1
^^ A foolith
- charme and
. prayer to vi-
thus.
Difesrides
For the fimple or vncompounded medicines to be taken againftthis fore, are many: _
As Goofe-greafe, Garlike, the roote of Wilde rofes drunke ; bitter almonds, leaues of
chickweed, or pimpernell, the old skinne ofa fnake pounded with a male-fea-crab, Beto-
ny, Cabbage leaues, or ftalkes, with perfneps and vineger, lime and fewer, poulder of
Sca.crabs with Hony ; poulder of thefhels of Sea-crabs, the haires, ofa Dog, layed vp-
on the wound, the head of the Dog which did bite, mixed with a little: Euphorbium ; the
haire of a man with vineger, dung of Goates with Wine, Walnuts with Hony and falte,
poulder of figtreeina {carcloath, Fitchesin wine, Eaphorbiam ; warme horfe-dung, raw
beanes chewed in the mouth, figtree leaues, greene figs with vineger, fennel {talkes,Gen-
tiana, dung ofpullen, the Lyuer ofa Buck-goate, young Swallowes burnedto poulder,
alfo their dung; the vrine ofa man,an Ayenas skin, flower-deluce with hony;a Sea liearb
called Kakille, Silphum with falt.the flefh and fhels of {nayles,leeke feeds with alt, mints,
the taile of a field-moufe cut off from her aliue and the fuffered to liue, rootes of Burres,
with falt ofthe Sea plantine, thetongue ofa Ramme with falt, the fleth of al Sea-fithes, ^^ ve
the fat of afea-calfe and veruine,befide many other fuperftitious amulets which are víed
to be bound tothe Armes, neckes, andbrefts, asthe Caninetooth bound vpina leafe
andtyedto theArme. A VVorme brediathe, dung of Dogges hanged aboutthe necke,
| the
ieee
ee
Sa
SF ome
25
SES X
TRU
gc...
= = ae re
Se a ie = zu ESS See = ~ ERN ETT. ^ :
aor o. ptt: ai RA AEN d Ser Mr PEE = = aoe
Mi ee
188:
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafis..
the roote of Gentian inan Hyenaes skin, or young Wolfes skin, and {uch likes whereof I
know no reafon befide the opinion ofinent) ^-^ —5 7 000 008- Ma c od
The inward compound potions or remedies againftthe bitings of Dogs máy be fuch
as thefe; Take Sea-crabs; and burne them>with twigs of white vines, and faue their afhes,
then putto them the poulderofGenritwroote well clenfed, atid fmall beaten, and ds oft
as neede requireth take two fpoonefuls ofthe firft,andone ofthe fecond, and put them
intoa Cup of pure and vamixed witte,and fo drink it for foure daies together, being well
beaten and füirred, foasthe Wine be as thicke asa Cawdell and there is nothing tore
forcible then Sea-crabss Hiera, Dia/cineam, pouldet-of Walnuts in warmé raine Water,
. Triacle, cafforenm,pilles, fpurgefeedejand 4 deco@ion of Indian thorne with veruine gi- 16
uenin water. Thefe may ferue for feüerall compound inward remedies againftthefe poy-
fons, and nowfollow the fimple;:: 55 2002/06018 jo tro16739 HE SET HAC MANN SI
-Firfteating of garlike inour meate, drinking of Wofiriwood, ráms flefh burnedandput
into wineand fo drunk. There is an heatb called Ahjfon,by reaforrof che power it hath a+
gainft this euill which being bruifed and drunke, cureth it. Theliuer ofa Boare dried and
drunk in wine, hath the fame operation. lewes lime drink in water leeks & onions in meat;
dogs blood,the head;thevaine vnderthe tongue (commonly fuppofed to bez worme;)
and theliuer ofthe dog which hath don the hurt, arealfo preferibed for a remedy of this
euill: but efpecially the liuer or rennet ofa young puppy, therinde ofa Wilde figtree,a
' dram of Caffereum with oyle of rofes Gentauyy, or Chameleon; che roote ofa wild rofe (cal- 29
4
a 1113
led Cynorrhodonand Cynoshaton)Ellebor the braine ofa hen drunke in fome liquor, forrel,
Hony, mints, and plantine : but Pampinella Germanica is giuento all cattell which are bit
ten by a mad Dog. Befides many other fuch like, which for breuity fake T omit, Conclu-
ding againftall fuperftitious curing by inchantmients or fuppofed miracles, fuch as is in a
cercaine church of S. Lambert ina citty of Picardyé where the maffe-prieftes,when’a man
is brought vntothem hauing this euill, tliey cuta croffein hisforehead, andlay vponthe
wound piece of S. Lamberts ftole burning, (which they fay (though falefely) 1s referued
to this day without diminution) then do they fow vp the woundagain,& lay another plai-
. fter vponic, prefcribing him a diets which is to drink waterjand to eat hard Egs,but ifthe
party aménd not within forty daies, they binde him hand and footein hisbed; andlaying 3
The naturali
medicines
sAmatds
Hippocrates
Furnerius
another bed vpon him, there (trangle him(as they thinke without all (inne) and for pre-
uéntings of much harme that may come by hislifc, if hec fhould bite another . "This fto-
ry is related by 4/y/éus and it is worth the noting, how murther accompanieth fuperftiti-
‘ous humane inuentions,andthe vaine prefümptuous confidence of crofle-worfhippets:
and thus much of the madneffe of dogs,and the cure thereof in men and beafts. :
Inthe next place, the conclufion of this tedious difcourfe followeth, whichis, the
naturall medicines arifing out of the bodyes of dogs, and fo wee will tye them vp for this
time. : | AROS
Whereas the inward partes of men are troubled with many euils, itis deliuered for
truth; thar if little Melitz4» Dogs, oryoung fucking puppies,be layed to the breftofa 40 |
child or man that hath infe&ious paffions or pains in his entrals the paine wil departfrom
the man into the beaft ; for which caufe they burnedthem when they were dead. Sereus
‘doth expreffe this very elegantly faying ; uuoqeu ved
d Quin etiam catulum lactentem apponere membris
Contichit, omne malum tranfturrerefertur in illam.
Cuitamen extintto munus debetur humandi,
&2^.— Humanos quia contactus mala tanta fequatur,
von > Epinnctus vitium ducit de comingeconiux. do;
Ifa Whelpe be cut afinder aliue, and layed vpon the head ofa mad melancholike Wo-
"n
man, it fhall help her; and it hath the fame power againft thefpleene. Ifa woman growe te
-barten after fhe hath borne children let her eate young Whelp-flefh, and Polypus fifhe
fod in Wine and drinke the broath, and fhe fhall haue eafe ofall infirmities in her fto-
mach and'wombe. Water deftilled out of Whelpes, caufeth that pieled or fhauen places
fhall neuer more haue haire growvpon them. |
With the fat of whelps;bowelled and {od til che flefh come from the bones ,& then ger
ani
{
| .
| :
A3? hs Mogkers sino SY 189
and putintoanother Veffell; and the Weake tefolute; or paralitikemembets being there-
with anoynted; they ate much eafed 1f not: recouered,)_4/y/ims faith, he madeexperience
| of puppies fodaliuein oyle,whereby he cured his gouty legd horles and therefore it. can
| - otchufebutbe much more profitableforaman.. \« lou » i
| "'Thesskin ofa dog held with the fiue fingers, (tayeth diftillations 5 ithath the fame operati-
onin gloues and ftockins, and it will alfo eafe both Ache in the belly, head, and feet; and
| — therefore it is vfedto be wornein the fhooes againft the gout.
| The flefh ofmadde Dogges,is falred.and giuen in maeate to them which are bitten by
| mad Dogs for a fingular remedy. The blood is commended againftallintoxicating póy-
| 1o fonsand painesinthe {mall guts,and it cureth{cabs. Thefatis vfed againft deafencfíc of
| — theeares,the gout, nits in the head, and incontinency of vrine, ginen with Alumme. A
laifter made ofthe marrow ofa Dog and old wine, is good againft the falling ofthe fun-
| dament. The haire ofablacke Dog eafeth the falling fickneffe, thebraines of 4 Deg in
| linteand Woolllayed to'à mans broken bones for foureteene dayes together, doeth
| confolidate and ioyne them together again, which thine caufed Serenms to makethefeex- -
SUN Yc o ou eu Sd Soa acisnqa prm RW
|o. 6 nfandum dict ucuncl is procull abfrtamiess ©
| oss e Sed fortuna potens omen conuertat ip hoftes. ~
| Vis indigna nouo fi fparferit offa fragore,
| 2e Conuentet cerebrum blandi camis addere fractis
| Lintea deinde fuperqueinductu mecfere lauas ian i
| Supius cm [uecos confpergere pinguis oliui d CJ tal
Bis feptem eredunt veuatefcere cunécfadiebus. — ^ i
_ The braine-pan or fcul ofaDog cloncafünder;isaplied to heale the paineinthé eiess .. MEAS os bg
that is, ifthe right eie beegrieued ;thereunto apply the right fide of thefcull,iftheleft ^^ ^ i HD
cie, theleft fide. be yi To big | p SRM US BE i INE
The vertues ofa Dogs head madeinto pouldet are both many and vnfpeakeable, by it i I LM
isthebiting of mad Dogs cured, i¢tcurech fpots.and bunches in the head, and a plaifter ENSE
thereof made with O yle of Rofes,healeth the running inthe head : it coreth alfo alltu-
| $e €: in the priuy pattsyand in the feate, the chippings in the fingers, and many other T.
ifeafes.: : | n |
- The poulder ofthe teeth of Dogges,maketh Childrens teeth to comeforth with (peed l^ |
and eafie, and iftheir gums be rubd with adogs tooth, itmaketh them to haue the fharper B
teeth :aiid the poulder ofthefe Dogs teeth rubbedvpon the Gummes of young or olde, | k i
eafeth toothache and abateth {welling inthe gummes. The tongueofa Dogee; is moft |
wholefome both for the curing of his owne woundes by licking.as alfo of any other crea-
tures. "Ehe rennet ofa Puppy drürke with Wine; diffoluech the Collicke ‘inthe fame 4... j
houre wherein itis dranke : andthevomit ofa Dog layed vponthe belly ofahydropick Refs
| manycaufeth Water tó come forth athis ftoole The gall healéth all wheales and bliflers Sextut
I| 1. afterthey bepricked witha Needle;and mingled with Hony itcureth paininthecies,and . .. JH
| 46 : non Y Ses: | | !]
takethraway white {pots from them: likewife infufed into the eares,openeth all toppings, ^ oe tag ck
reth allinward paines in them, ri ad ub o aid Aefculepits ut
The Spleene drupke in vrine; cureth the fpleenatick the melt being taken from the B
Dog aliue, hath the fame vertueto help the melt: of man. The skinne of Bitches wherein (
they conceiue their puppies(which neuer touched the earth) is pretious againft difficulty p, pfterided s )
in childbirth, and it draweth the infant out ofthe wombe. The milk ofa Bitches firft whel- i
| ping, is an antidote againft poyfon,and the. fame caufeth haire neuer to come againe, if i
| itberubbed vpon the place where haires are newly pulled off: Alfo infufed into the eyes,
|
|
Phy,
yes
driueth away the whitenes ofthem. Likewifethereis no better thing to annointthe gums
| co of young Children withall, before they haue teeth forit maketh them to come forth with pau M
I| * eafesiteafeth likewife the paine ofthe eares, and withallfpeed'healeth burnt mouthes by eit)
any whot meate, Ora ambuftacibofanabis lacte camino, 6) wv :o? paiblind
The wine ofa dog taketh away fpots and wartes; and being mingled with faltofritre;
wonderfully eaferh the Kings'euill. : The dung of dogges (called by the Apothecaryes |
abun Gr ecum )becaufethe white is beft, being engendered by eating'of bones, and pi ni
| there-
190
Phuy.
Solins
The great
vfe ot the có
fideratien of
an El ephant.
The firft ma
in Europ pof
{eflour of ele
phants.
P aufanius
Plutarch.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
therefore hath no ill fauour, Galen affirmeth that his: maifters in Phyficke, vfeditagainft
oldfores, bloody flixes,and the Quinenfie, and it is verye profitable to ftaunche the
blood of Dogs, and alfo againftinflamations in the brefts of Women, mingled with tur-
pentine . Ic was well prefcribed by Awicem, to expell congeled bloode out of the fto-
macke and bladder, being takén thereof fo much in powder aswilllye vppon.a Golden
Noble. . t |
Of the Ethiopian Ele.
Hereis bred in Ethiopia a certaine ftrange Beaft about the bigneffe ofa
= Sea-horfe, being of colour blacke or brownith : it hath the cheekes of a
Boare, the tayle ofanElephant,and hornes aboue a Cub long, which
are mooueable vpon his head at his owne pleafure like cares; now fland-
[eee ced ing one way, and anone mouing another way, as hee needethin fightin
with other Beaftes, for they {tand not ftiffe but bend flexibly and when he fighteth,he al-
way ftretchethout the one, and holdeth in the other of p urpofe as it may Íceme, that if
one ofthem be blurited and broken, then hee may defend himfelfe with the other. It
may wellbe compared toa Sea-horfe for aboue all other places it loueth beft the WVa-
térs.
OF THE ELEPHANT. |
Here is nocreature among al the Beafts of the world which
Vimus peur E m Ay hath fo greatand ample demonftration of the power and
WS ; cay ME wifedome ofalmighty God as the Elephant : bothfor pro-
UG y i (^ TS 2 portion of body and dilpofition of fpirit ; and it is admira-
Es Ae “AY ‘ae *N| rable to behold, the induftry ofour auncient forefathers,
SS SAM ES ae Fil atid noble defire to benefit vs their pofterity, by ferching
VA] PERE] intothe qualities of euery Beaft, to difcouerwhat benefits
[Pons S UN or harmes may come by them to mankind: haning neuer
ey: p A > beene afraid either of the Wildeft, but they tamedthem ;
ZEW the fierceft, but they ruled them sand the greate(t, but they
alfofetvpon them. VVitneffefor this partthe Elephant,
being like aliuing Mountain in quantity & outward appearance, yet by them fo handled,
asnolittle dog became more feruiceable and tra&able.
Amongallthe Europeans the firft poflefior of Elephants, was Alexander Magnus,and
after him Amstzigonus, and before the Macedonians came into 4//4, no people ofthe world
except the Africans and the Jadians, had euerfeene Elephants. When Fabritins was fent
by theRomanesto King Pyrrhus in Ambaflage, Pyrrbus offered to him a great fumme of
money, to prevent the Warre, but herefufed priuate gaine, and preferred the feruice of
his Country :thenext day he brought him into his prefence, and thinking to terrifie hina
placed behind hima great Elephant,(hadowed with cloth of Arrassthe cloth was drawne
Eutropius
a kae js
E EN ay
andthe huge beaftinftantly layed histrunke vppon the head of Fabritivs, {ending forth a
terrible and divefull voice : whereatFabritins laughing; perceiuing the pollicy of theking
gently made this fpeech; bi!
Neque beri aurnm neque bodte beftia me promoutt.
Iwas neither tempted with thy Gold yesterday, mor terrified with the fight of this beafl too day:
and fo afterward Pyrrhus was ouercomein War by the Romans,and Manlius Curius Den-
tatus, did firft ofall bring Elephants in Tryumphe to Rome, calling them Lucane Boues,
Oxen of the wood, about the 472. year of the Citty :and afterward inthe year of Romes
building 502.when Méetellus was high prieft,and ouerthrew the Carthagenians in Sicily,
there were 142. Elephants broughtin fhipsto Rome and led in triumph, which Zwcius
Pifo afterward, to take away from the people opinions of the feare of them, caufedthern
to bebroughttothe flage to openview and handling, and fo flaine ; which thing dut
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192 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
didalfo by the flaughter offiue hundred Lyons andElephants together fo that in the
fulias Capit: time of Gordianus, it was no wonder to fec thirty and two of them at onetime.
Ofthefeue. AD Elephantis by the Habrewes called Behemah, by way of excellency, as the Latines
ralnamesin fot the fame caufe cal him Bellwa,the Chaldeans for the fame word3Dew.1 4.tranflat Beira,
diuerslangua the Arabians Bebitw, the Perfians Behad, and the Septuagints Kzeze, but the Graecians
ge vuluarly Elephas, not Quaff elebas,becaufe they ioine copulationinthe Water, butrather
from the Hebrew word Dephill;fignifieng the Iuory tooth ofan Elephant(as Mun/ter wel
obferneth.) The Hebrewesalfo víethe word Schenforan Elephantstooth. Moreouer
He/ychius called an Elephant in the Greek tongue Perif/as, the Latines doe indifferently
vie Elephas, and Elephantus sand it is faid that Elephantus in the Punicke tongue, fignifieth
Céfar : wherupon when the Graundfather of Julius C 4far had (lain an Elephant,he had the
name of Cefar put vpon him. |
Theeriginl The Italians call this Beatt Leofante, or Lionfante, theFrench Elephante, the Germans
eithe Cafars Lelfant , the Illirians$/27. We read but of threeappellatiue names of Elephants ; that
is of one, called by Alexander the great Aiax, becaufe hee had read that the buckler of
great Aiax was couered with an Elephants skin, about whofe necke he puta Golden col-
lar and fo fent him away with liberty. Amriockus one of Alexander fucceffours hadtwo Ele-
phants, one of them he likewife called Asax, in imitation of Alexander, andtlie other Pa-
T treclus , of which two this ftory is reported by Amtipater. That when 4mziechus.came to a
^^. certaine foordeor deepe Water, Aiax which was alway the captaineoftherefidue, ha-
~~~ wing founded the depth thereof, refufed to paffe ouer, and turned backe againe, then the
King fpaketo the Elephants & pronounced, that he which would paffe ouer fhould haue
principality ouer the refidue : whereupon, Patroc/us gauethe aduenture,and paffed ouer
IQ
20
fafely and receiued from the king the filuer trappingsand al other prerogatiues of princi- :
pality ;the other feeing it (which had alway beene chiefe tillthattime, ) preferred death
—— before ignominy and difgrace, and fo would neuer after eate meate but famifhed for for-
row. ! |
They are bred in the whot Efterne countries;for byreafon they can endureno cold,they
Countries of keepeonely in the Eaftand South. Amongall,the sadian Elephants are greateft, flrong-
sh «pid eft, and talleft,and thereare among them of two forts, one greater (which are called Pra-
PUn Jf) theother fmaller, called Taxile.) They bealfo bred in Afric, in Lybia, much greater
eAclianus — then a Nyfaan Horffe, and yet euery way inferiour to the Zedian; for which caufe ,ifan
Philofframs African Elephant do but fee an Indian, he trembleth, and Iaboureth by allmeanes to get
Solis out of his fight, as being guilty of their owne weakeneffe.
There are Elephants alfo in the Ile Taprobane, and in Sumatra, in African. They are
oy. bredin Zybia, ine £thiopia,among the Troglodite, and in the Mountaine Aslas, Syrtes,
Vertomamits Zames and Sala,thefeuen Mountaines of Tizgitagia, and in the Countrey of Bafman,
LOT —fubie&to the greatCham. Some Authors affirme, that the African Elephants are much
Das véstiu: piene then the Indzan, but withno greater reafon then Columella Writeths that there
ce as E beaftes foundin Italy as Elephants are: whereuntono found Author euer
ealded.
i Ofall earthly creatures an Elephant is the greateft : for in /vdéa they are ninecubits
Theheigh & high,andfiue cubits broad ; in "Affrica foureteen or fifteene ful fpans, whichis about ele-
ume ofcle uen foot high and proportionable ia bredth, which caufed Aelianus to Write, that one
esl Elephant is as bigas three Bugils 5 andamong thefe the males are euer greater thenthe
females. In the kingdome of Melinda in Affricke, there were two young ones, not aboue
fixe monthes old, whereof the leaft was as great as the ereateft Oxe, but his flefh was as
muchas you fhall find intwo Oxen 5 the other was much greater.
Vartomannus ‘Their colour is for the moft part moufe-colour, or blacke ; and there was one all white
The colowt in Ethiopia: The skinnelooketh pieled and {cabby ; it is moft hard on the backe, but fofter
parts, vnderneath the belly, hauing no couering of haire or griftes nor yet helpe by his taileto
driue away the flies, for that euill doth this beaft feele in his great body, butalway hath
Of thevfe of creuifes in his skinne,which by their fauour doe inuite the little flyes to a continuall feaft,
Plug _ butwhen by ftretching forth they haue receiued the {warmes, by fhrinking together a-
E gain, they inclofe the fliesandfo kill them :fothatthefe creuifes in his skinjarevnto bim
in-
38
40
50
Of the Elephant. — . 71301
infteede ofa mane, taile, and haire : yet thereare fome few haires which grow fcattering
vppon his hide, whereoffome haue beene brought out of America into Germany, which
were two palmes long, but not fo ftiffe as Swines.
Their skinne is fo hard and ftiffe, thata (harpe fwordeor iron cannotpierceit. Their
| head is very great, and the head ofa man may as eafily enter into their mouth, as a finger
| into the mouth ofa Dog ; but yettheir cares and eyes are not sequinalenttothe refidew
oftheir proportion : for they are fmal,like the wings ofa Bat ora Dragon, thofe ofthe E-
thiopian Sambri want cares altogither. Their eyes arelike the eyes of Swine, but very red, ;,,
they haue teeth of either fidefoure, wherewith they grinde their meate like meale, and a
to they hauealfo two other which hang forth beyond the refidue, in the males downeward, Vartomanus
| andthefe arethe greater and crooked ; but in the females vpwarde, and they are the
| fmaller and firaight: the one ofthemthey keepe alway fharpe, toreuenge iniuries, and
| with the other they root vp plants & trees fortheir meat: fo that nature hath arm ed both
Gillies
{exes with thefe, for their chiefeft defence ;and with thefethe females are calued at the oftheirteerh
firft,andindued from the mothers belly, and appeare fo foone as they come foorth:the wdelianns
| malesnot fo quickly, but rather after the maner of boresand Sea-horfles, they hang out Gy,’
|^ — eftheirmouths,and growto beten foot long, whereofthey make pofts of houfes infome Play,
| countties,and cal them Ebora, that is, young yuory : which caufed Martial to write thus;
20 Grandia taurorum portant qui corpora quarts
An lybicas pofsint [nflinniffetrabes. !
There is a certaine booke extant without the name ofthe Author;written ofIudzaorthe
holy land,wherein the Author affirmeth that he fawan Elephantstooth fold toa Venetian
Merchant, for fixand thirty Duccats, it being fourteen {pans long,and four {pans broad,
and it waghed fo heauy, that he could not moue it from the ground.
| Vartomanus alo faith, that he faw in the Ifle of $watra;two Elephants teeth, which waig-
hed three hundred fix and thirty pounds. This is certain, that the teethof thofe Elephants
which liue in the marifhesand watry places, are fo fmoothand harde, as they feemein-
tra&table, and in fome places they haue holes in them, and againe certainebunches as big
o as hail-ftones,which arefo hard,as noart or inftrument can worke vpon them.
The Elephants of themountaines hauelefier and whiter teeth, fittobe applied to any
worke, but the beft ofall, are the teeth of the campe/triall and fielde Elephants, which are
whiteft and fo£teft, and maye well bee handleth without all paine. The teeth of the
female are more pretious then of the male, and thefe they loofe euery tenth yeare 5
which falling off they bury and couer in the earth, preffing them downe by fitting vppon
them,andthen heal them ouer with earth by their feet,and fo in fhorttime the graffe gro-
weth vpon them:for,as when they are hunted they know itis forno other caufe then their
teeth, fo alfo whenthey loofe their teeth, they defire tokeepe them from men; leaft the
vertues of them being difcouered, they which beare them fhoulde enioy the lefle peace
40 and fecurity. . diu d ie
«— Itisadmyrable what deuifes the people of Jndiaand Affrica haue inuented by naturall The finding
obferuation, to finde out thefe buried teeth, which vnto vs liuingin theremote partes of 13 nm
the world,we would iudge impofsible by any ordinary or lawfull courfe,exceptwefhould — '
turne vp the earth of a whole country, or go to work by diabolicall coniuration yet haue e/delianus
they found out this facile & ready courfe.In the woods or fields where they fufpe&t thefe
teeth to be buried, they bring forth pots or bottels of water,and difperfe them heere one,
there another, and fo let them ftand,and tarry to watch them,fo one fleepeth,another fin-
geth, or beftoweth his timeas he pleafeth;after a little time, they go and look in their pots
and ifthe teeth lie neer theirbottels,by an vnfpeakable and fecret attractive power in na-
o ture, they draw all the water out of them that are neerethem, which the watchman taketh | Weriderfull
fora fure figne, and fo diggeth about his Bottell; tillhe find the tooth: but if their bottels natural fecree
be not emptied, they remoue to fecke in another place.
| Thefe yuory teeth haue bene alway of great eftimation among all the Nations that e.
uer knew them, the Ethyopians payed for atribute vntotheking of Perfia euery 3. yeare
| . pwentyof thefe teeth hung about with gold ana oP d. Thefeare foldby waight, ie
there
Philoffratus
tein ~ -.
194. T be-Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
there be many which deceiue the world with the bones of fi(hes infteed hereof, but the
true yuory is palerand heauiet, and falling vpon the ground will eafily breake, whereas
the bones of Fifhesare moretenatious, light, and ftrong.Itis like to the Chermites,where-
in Darius was entombed, andthe Marble called Laps Coraliticws Corrol ftone: like vato
this is the Alagi {tone, and the Pederos Jewell. With thisyuory they made images and fta-
tues for their idoll Goddes, as one for Pallas in Athens for Efculapius in Epidaurws.of Ve-
nus vnder the name of Vranta by Phidivs, whereupon fhé was called Elephantina, for Apol-
lo at Rome: and therefore Pau/anias wondeteth at the Gracians that fpared no-coftfor the
vaine worfhip of their Goddes, forthey bought of the Indians and Ethiopians yuory to |
make their images with more pompe and oftentation : befides of yuory they makethe ro
hafts ofkniues;and alfo the belt Gish! and Salomon as appeareth 3.Reg. ro had athrone
ofyuory coueredall ouer with gold, forthe cofts and charge wherof he could not expend
leffethenthirty thoufand talents. je
The greatnes of thefe appeareth by their vfe, for Polybius reporteth by the relation of
Rob C ,,r, Oaluffaa Noble-manand a great trauellerin Affrica, that with themthey made pofts for
ob Cenalis. e nun '
houfes,and racks to lay their cattels meat vpon, and likewife folds to enclofe them. Apel-
les made an inke of Iuory which was called Elephantes inke, and he painted therewith. It
hath bin affirmed by Aelianws & fome writers following Pliny that thefeteeth are Horns, |
Plinyws, | andthatElephants arehornd beafts,which errour rofe vpon the occafion ofthefe words |
Whether Ele of Pliny s Elephantos C arietes candore tantum cornibus afsinulatis , in Santonum ltttorere- 26
l a dV haue ciprocaos deftituit Oceanus :where Aelianus finding arefemblance betwixt Rams and Ele-
‘ phantsintheir white hornes, was contented to apply that name to them both, which ap-
pertaineth onely to one} for Play himfelfe Lib. 18. (heweth his meaning by another like
{peech, of the wherting their hornes vpon trees and Rhinocerotes vpon ftones : for except
he had named hornesinthe firft place it might hauebeene queftioned whether Rhinoce-
rotes had any hornes, butrather teeth in the fecond place,
But whatfoeuer were the wordes or opinion of Pliny, itis moft certaine, that after He-
vedotus and other auncient writers, itis {aferto call thefe teeth, then hornes , and] will
breefely fet downe the reafons of Philoffratas,that will have them to beteeth, and after-
ward of Grapaldns, Aelianus, and Panfanias, that would makethem horns, and foleaue the
reader to confider whether opinion he thinketh moft agreeable to truth. Firft, chat they
are not hornes, itis alledged thathoraes fall off and grow euery yeare againe, efpecially
of Harts, and grow forth of their heads, butteeth which are called Fasa« or Gang-teeth,
ftanding out of the mouth, fal off together, & are giuenfor weapon and defence tobeafts,
$
andfucharean Elephants: Againe, a hotrie hath a certaine line or circle aeerethe roote,
which is coüered euery yeare, but thiscommeth vp like a {tony fubftance, wichout all cir-
cle or coüerjand therfore it cannot bea horn.Moreouer, thofe creatures are faid to haue
hornes, thathaue clouen hooues, thishathno clouen hoofe, but onely fiue diftin@ fin-
gers vpona foot.Laftly,all horned beafts haue an empty hollownes in their hornes,(ex-
cept Harts) but this is foundand full thoroughout, exceptalittle paffage inthe middle 40
like a hole intoatooth:andthus fay they which will haue themcalledteeth.
Now onthe contrary, thofe which willhaue them Hornes, make thefe argumentes;
Firft, as the Elks haue their hornes grow out of their eyelids the Rhinocerotes or Ethyo-
pian Buls out of their nofe, fo as itis not vanaturall for the Elephantto bauehis'hornes
grow out of his mouth. Againe, hornes fall offand come againein old beafts,but teeth do
not {o, and therefore thefe are hornes and not teeth: the power offire cannot alter teeth,
but thefe teeth breake if you go about to change their proportion or figure,but hornes of
Oxen and Elephants may be ftretched, bended, altered, ftraightned, and appliedto what
fafhion fo euer you will. A gaine, teeth grow out ofthe gummes and cheeke-bone, as itis
apparant, but hornes growe out of the fcull and Temples, andfodo the Elephants as by 5e
obferuation euery man may difcern.Laftly as nature hath giuen another fhape and grea-
ter proportion of body to Elephants then toany other beafts,foalfo itisnot vnreafona- >
ble that it vary in the placing of his horns, for they grow downeward , and the very mole
and quantity of his body is fufficient toarme him againft the feare of death. Thusthey ar:
gumentfor the horns of Elephants. |
The
s
« Won i
Rar "aL AS
t
3
Of the Elephant. 19 5
The Poets hauea prety refemblance of dreames, comparing true dreames to hornes
andfalfe dreames to Iuory , becaufefal(hoode is ener more burnithed, the naked and
ragoedtrueth, And befides the eie of man istranflucent, and containeth in it a horny
fubftance, and by the eie we alway receiue the beftaffurance, but by the mouth(fignified
by teeth) are many fal(hoods vented : and for that hornes turne vpwardeto heauen, the
fountaine oftrueth, but theteeth of an Elephant growe downward towardes the earth the
motherof error. And for this caufe Aeneas by Virgil and Homer, is faidto come inat the
horny gate of Somnus, andto go forth at the Iuory: Virgils verfesare thefe:
10 Sunt gemina Somni porta quarum altera fertur,
Altera candenti pr afecta nitens Elephanto.
- His ubidumuatum Anchifes, unaque Sibillam sCornea
Qua veris facilis datur exitus umbris,
Sedfal[a ad celum mittunt in [omnia manes,
Peofequitur diclis portaqueemittit eburna.
Andherewewillleaue, and profecute no further this difcourfeof their hornes and
teeth, but procee deto theother outward partsofthis beaft. —
The toung is very finall though broad, histruncke called Probofeis and Promufcis,isa Aclianus. NU E
20 large hollowthing hanging from his nofe like skinneto the groundward:and when he fee. Ariffotle, "
- dethitlyethopen,like the skin vpon the bill ofa Turkey-cock, to draw in both his meate
and drinke, vfing it fora bai id,andthereforeimproperly itis calleda hand. Forby it he re-
ceiueth of his keeper whatfoeuer hegiuethhim, with ithe ouerthroweth trees,and where
foeuer he fwimmeth, throughit he draweth breath. It is crooked, griftly and inflexible at ui
the roote nexteto thenofe : wirhin,it bathtwo pafiases, one into the heade and bodie by TUE A
whichhebreatheth, and the other into his mouth, whereby he receiueth his meate : and eo ged
hereinisthe woorke of God moft woonderfull, notonely ia giuing vnto itfuch a diuerfe Gillins "UM E E 5
proportion: and anatomie, buralfo giuing him reafon to knowe this benifite of it, that fo D)
longas he is in the waterand holdethvp that trunck; he cannot perifh. ok cs [3 BUE
With this hee fighteth in warre; andisableto take vp a fmall piece of money from the »
earth : with it he bath beene feene co pull downe the toppe of a tree, whichtwenty foure FATA i
meh with arope could not maketo bend. With ithe driueth away his hunters whenheis MU 1
chaled, for he candrawevp thereina great quantity of water, and fhoote it forth againe, HY
|
f
39
to the'amiazementand the ouerthrow of them that perfecutehim. The Moores fay that
he hath twoe heartes, one wherewithal he is incenfed, and another whereby hee is pacifi-
ed. ns. | 1
Butthetrueth is, as 47é/foe/e in the diffe&ion of the hearte obferued,there is a double We
ventrickle; and bonein the heart ofan Elephant. He hath a Liuer without any apparant Why |
gall, but that fide of the liuer being cut, whereon the gall fhoulde lye, a certaine humour
comineth foorth like a gall. Wherefore Aeliasusfayth, he hath his gall in his maw-gutte, | Dp |
which is fo full of finewes, that one wouldthinke he had foure bellies ; in this receiueth he —— AERE
his meate, hauing no other receptacle for it: hisintralles arelikevntoa Swines,but much — ^ A
reater. DE xs ond |
1 His Liuer fouretimes fo greateasan Oxes, andfo all the refidue excepte the Melte :
hehath two pappesa little befide his breaft vnder his fhoulders, and not betweene his hin- .
derlegges or loynes, they are very fmalland cannot befeene on the fide. Thereafons Aree een iit)
hereofaregiuen, fir ¥that he hath: but two pappes, becaufe he bringeth forth but one at te. ah
atime, and they ftand vnder his fhoulderslike an Apes, becatufe hee hathnohoofesbut ,....— . i
diftin&feet likea mannes;and alfo bicaufe from the breafte lowethmoreaboundanceof — .
» milke, (£2 E iss £919 6 t91,,152:19
© 6 The génitall parte islike a Horfes, butleffer then the proportion of his bodie affoor-
deth : the ftonesare not outwardly feene, becaufe they cleaueto his raines. But the Fe-
male hath her genitall betwixte her thighes : the forlegges are much longer then the hin- . MOM
dérlegges;and the feetbe greater. His leggesare ofequall quantity ,both aboue and be- BINE
neathe the laiees; andit bath anckle bones verielowe, The articles doe not pov fo " | mau
: 3012 igh ma
196 The Fhftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
highas in other creatures, butkept low neere the earth. Hebendeth his hinder legs like
a mans when hefittech, but by reafon of his great waight hee is not ableto bend on both
fides together, but either leaneth tothe righe hand or to the left and fo fleepeth: It is falíe
that they haueno ioynts orarticles intheirlegs, for when they pleafe they canvie, bend,
and moue them, but after they grow old,they vfe notto lie downe or ftrainethem by rea-
fon of their great weight, but take their reit leaning te atree:and ifthey did not bend their
legs, they couldneuer go any ordinary and ftayed pace. Their feet are round like aliorf-
fes, but fo as they reach from the middle euery way two fpansleneth, andare as broad as
a buthell, hauing fiue diftin@ toes vpon each foot, the which toes are very little clouen,
to the intent that the foot may be ftrongers and yet parted, that when he treadeth vppon 19
foft grounde, the weyght of his body preffe not downetheleggeto deepe. Hee hathno
nailes vpon his toes, his taile islike an Oxes taile, hauing alite haire at the end, and the
refiduethereof peeled and without haire: He hathnotany briftly hairs to couer his back :
and thus much tor their feuerall parts and their vfes.
A There is not any creature fo cipable of vnderítanding as an Elephant;and therefore it
sw. eR is requifiteto tarry fomewhatthe longer in expreffing the feuerall properties, and natu-
rall qualities thereof, which fundry and variable inclinations, cannotchoofe but brin
great delight to the reader. "They haue a wonderfull Ioue to their owae Countrey, foas
| althoughthey be neuer fo well delighted with diuers meats and ioyesin other places;yet
eAliams in memory thereof they fend forth teares, and they louealfo the waters, riuers,and ma- 49
Tzetzes. — pifhes, foasthey are notvnfitly called Ripary fuchas liue by the riuers fides: although
I ries they cannot fwim by reafon of their great and heauy bodies, vntill they be taught, Alfo
they neuer liue folitary but in great flocks, except chey be ficke or watch theic yong ones,
Play. and for either of chefe they remaine aduenturous vnto death,the eldeftleadeth the herd,
andthe fecond driueth them forward, if they meetany man they giuehim way, and goe
Leo M ont of his fight. Rs |
Their voiceis called by the word Barrire, that is to bray and thereupon the Elephants
Feflus themfelus are called Barr? 5 for his voice commeth out of his mouth and noftrilstogither,
Phiomele — likeas whena man fpeakethbreathing; wherefore Arifforle calleth it rawcity,or hoarfnes,
«ber. —— \ikethelowfound ofa Trumpet, this found is verie terrible in batrailes as fhallbe after-
ward declared. |
They liue vponthe fruits of plants and rootes, and with their truncksand heads, ouer-
throw the tops of trees, and eat theboughes and bodies ofthem , and many times vpon
dd Elcph. theleaues of trees he deuoureth Chameleons, whereby he is poifoned and dieth if hee
Pimy. eat not immediately a wilde Oliue. They eat earth often without harme, but if they eat it
Solinus fildome, it 1s hurtfulland procureth paine in their biliies ; fo alfo they eat ftones. The
are fo louing to their fellowes, that they will not eat their meatalone, but hauing founda
prey, they go and inuite the refidue tother feaftesand cheere; more like to reafonable
ciuill men, then vareafonable brute beats. here are certaine noble melonsine£rhiopia,
whichthe Elephants being (harpe-fmelling-beaftes do winde a'ereat way off, andby the 4o
condu& of their nofes cometothofe Gardens of Melons,and there eat and deuour chem:
t Whenthey aretamed they will eate Bailie either whole or grounde : of whole-at one
timeis giuen them nine Macedonian Bufhels, but of meale fix and of drinke eyther wine
or water thirty Macedonianpintes atatime,thatis fourteen gallons,butthis is obferned,
that they drinkenot wine except in warre, when they are to fight, but wateratall times,
whereof they will not tft, excepritbe muddy and not cleare, for theyauoid cleare wa-
charms Vb loathing to feetheir owne (naddow therein; and therefore when the Indians are to
$ vien 4m, paflethe water with their Elephants, they choofe darkeand cloudy nightes wherein the
Afecret. | mooneaffordethno light.Ifthey perceiuebuta moufe run ouer their meat, they will not
Pliny, eat thereof, forthere js in them a great hatred ofthis creature. Alfo they wil eat dryed.
Figges, Grapes, Onions, Bulrufhes, Palmes ,and Iuy leaues : There is a Regionin India;
Afecretina Called Phalacr#ss, which fignifieth Balde; becaufe of an herbe growing therein, which cau,
countrey of feth euery liuing thing that eateth therof, to loofe both horn and haire; and thereforcno,
ine man can be more induftrious or warie to auoide thofe places, then isan Elephant, andto
eAchanus beare cuery greenething growing in that place when he paffeth thoroughite! 5.
Se E TEE TOY
|l.
li
2a
a
39°
eA lianus.
Hermolaus,
59
It
Of the Elephant. . 197
It will forbearedrinke eight daies together, and drinke wineto drunkenneffe likean . aM
Ape. It is delighted aboue meafure with {weer fauours, oyntments, and fmelling flowers,
for which caufe their keepes will inthe Summer timeleadthem intothe medowes offlo- eli
wers, where they ofthemfelues will by the quicknesof their {melling, chufe out and ga- NAT dH
ther the fweeteft howers,and put them into a basket if their keeper haueanyswhich being flowers. at
filled, like daintie and neat men, they alfo defire to wath, and fo will go and-fecke out wa- 444" if
ter to wafh themfelues,and of theit owne accord returne backe againe cothe basket of flo- i
wers, which ifthey find not, they will bray and callforthem. Afterward beingled into
theirftable, they will not eat meatvntill they take of their lowers and dreffe the brimmes
ro oftheirmaungers therewith, and likewife ftrew their roome or {tanding place, pleafing
themfelues with their meat, becaufe of thefauor of the Flowers ftucke about their cratch,
like dainty fed perfons which fettheir difhes with greene hearbs, and puttheminto their
cupsof wine. He |
Their pace is very flow, for a child may ouertake them by reafon of their high andlarg
bodies (except intheirfeare) and for that caufethey cannot fwim : as alfo, by reafon that cj...
thetoesoftheirfeerare very {hort and finally diuided. Whenthey arebrought into a : he fhiping
fhip, they hauea bridge made of wood, and couered with earth, and greene boughes are! of Elephants
fet on either fide, fo thatthey immagine they go vpon theland vntill they enter into the:
fhips becaufe the bougheskeepethem from fight of the Sea, They are moft chaft;and
se keepe true vnto their males without allinconftantloue or feperation, admitting no adul- "a
teries amongeft them, and like men which ta(tof Venus nocforany corporall luft, but for W
defire of heires and fucceffors intheir families, fo do Elephants, without allvnchaft and if
vnlawfullluft, take their veneriall complements, forthe continuation of their kind, and
never aboue thrice in all their daies, either male or female fuffer carnall copulation (but j|
the femaléonely twice. )Yet is their rage great when the female prouoketh them,andal- ws. |
though they fight not among themfelues for their females, (except very fildome) yet do m
theyfo burne in this fury, that many times they ouerthrow trees and houfes in: India by
their tuskes, and running their head likeaRamagainftthem ; wherefore then they keepe
them low & down by fubtra&tion oftheir meat, & alío bring fome ftranger to beat them
‘go T herewasa certaine cunning hunter fentinto Mauritania by the RomanEmp.to hunt and n
take Elephants; ona day hefawa goodly youngElephant in copulation with another, & i1
inftantly athird aproched witha direfull braying, as if he would haue eaten vp al the com- E
pany;andas itafterward appeared, hewas anarriuall tothe female, which wefaw inco-
pulation with the other male : when he approched neere, both ofthem fet themfelues to Aem.
combatjwhichthey performd like fome vnrefiftable waues ofthe Sea, orasthe hils which
are fnaken together by an earthquake, wherein eachonecharged the other moft furioufly |
fortheir loue, to the terror and admiration ofallthe beholders, andfoatlaft becam both n
difarmed ef their teeth and bornes by their often blowes.before one had ouercome the o- Mn
cher;and fo atlaft by the hunters were parted afunder, being euer afterward quiet from
fuch contentions about their females for copulation.
The Indians feparate the ftables of the females far afunder fromthe males, becaufeat :
‘that time they ouerthrowe their houfes. They are modeft and (hamefaftin thisa&ion, The place &
for they feeke the Defarts, woodes, and fecret places for procreation, and fomtimes the ax copols .
waters, becaufe the waters doe fupport the Male inthat a&ion, whereby hee afcendeth tion
anid defcendeth from the backe ofthe female with more eafe: and once it was feent, that Plz. ; )
inVirgea (a Countrey ofthe Ceraféens) two Elephants did engenderout of India, other- i
wifethey couple not out of their owne countreys : When they goe to copulation;tbey i
. turnetheir heads towards the eaft, but whether inremembrance of Paradife, or for the Ab ian
ertus. |
Mandragoras or for any other caufe, I cannot tell: the female fitteth while (ha is couerd. hi (|
go They begin to ingender, the maleat (ixe, ten, twelue, fifteene or twenty yeare olde, the 1
female notbeforeten yeares old: They couplebutfiue daies intwo yeares, and neuer af- iy |
ter the female is filled till (he haue beene cleare one whole yeare, andafter the fecond co- sohnys, il
ulation, he neuer more toucheth his female. Atthat time the male breatheth foorth at T he time of i
bis nofeacertaine fat humor likea menftruous thing, but the female bath them nottilhir aps |
place of cotiception be opened : and alway the day aiter her filling; fhe watheth:her felfe °""* | fe
before fhereturne to the flocke. SE The |
—————
DICAS une Si SS
sas
s
rs ex
aeons ra ee
Ac havus.
"
m
108. The Hiflory of Fonre-footed Beafts.
Arefeotle. The tinte of their going with yong is accordingtofometwo years, and accordijig tó o-
Lies | ther three, the occafion of this diuerfity is, becaufetheirtime of cophlation cannot cer-
with young. tainely be kaowae, becaufe oftheir fecrecy,for the greater bodies that beafts haue,they
are the leffe fruitfull. She is deliueredin great paine, leaning vpon her hinder Legges.
They neuet bring forth but oneat a time,and thatis not much greater then a great cow-
Disdau -- calfe(of three monthes old,) which thenourifheth fixeor eight yeare. Asfoone as itis
Pagi. Calued,itfeeth and goeth, and fucketh with the mouth, not with the trunke, and fo.grow-
cLhanms. ethrolagreavftarure. . | T
- The females when they hauecaluedare moft fierce, for feare of their young ones,but
ifaman comeandtouch them, they are notangry, for itfeemeth they vnderftandthat 1
he toucherhithem not for any defire totake or harme them, butrather to ftrokeand.ad-
Lodel mirethem. Sometimes they.goemtothe Water to the belly and there calue for feare of
the temale & the Dragon : the male neuer forfaketh her, but keepeth with herforthelike feare of the
dum Dragon, and feede and defend their young ones with fingular loue and conftancyevnto
s death: as appeareth by the example of one, that heard the braying of her calfe fallen into
. «^: a ditchand notable to arife, the female ranne vnto it, andfor haít felldowne vpponit;
Taetzets + (9 crufhingitto death;and breaking her owne Necke with one and the fame violente
lodeoint1218052 Yo
Astheyliuein heards, fo when they are to paffeouera ryuer or Water, they fend ouer
theleaftor youngeftfirft, becaufe their great bodies together fhouldnot.caufethe deepé 2$
water to well or rifeabouetheir heigth : the other ftand onthebancke and obferue howe
deepe he wadeth, andío make account that the greater may with moreaflurance follow
Plutarch — aftertheyounger andfmaller;then they the elder and taller; and the females cárry ouer
Aehanus — their Calues vpon theirfnowts & long eminentteeth binding them faft with theirtrunks,
Philoftratus, (likeas withtopes or male girts that they may not fall) being fometime holpenby the
male; wherein appeareth an admirable point of naturall wifedomesboth in the carriage of
their youngandin fending of theleffer foremoft ; not onely for the reafon aforefaid, but
alfo becatifethey being hunted and profecuted, itis requifite that the greateftand ftrong-
eft comeia the reare and hindmoft part, for the fafeguarde of the weaker, again ft the fury
of their perfecutors;beirig betterableto fight thenthe formoft, whom in naturalloueand 30
pollicy, they fet fartheftfrom the danger.
Mutius which had beene thrice Confull affirmeth, that he faw Elephants brought on
(hore at Pateolrin italy :they were caufed to goe outof the fbip backeward, all along the
"155^ bridgethat was made forthem, thatfotbe fight of theSea mightterrifie them, and caufe
bene them more willingly to come on land,and thatthey might not beterrified with thelen gth
phants out of the bridge from thecontinent. Pliny and Solinus affirme,that they will not goe onfhip-
* peo « boord,vnulltheir keeper by fome intelligible figne of oath, make promife vnto thenrof
tue. — — theirreturnebackeagaine: EE
They fometimeas hath beenefaid fight oneagainft another; and when the weaker is
A ak zo, Ouercome, heis fo much abafed and caft downe in minde, that euer after: he feareth the 4o
ting | VOyce ofthe conqueror. | WEE |
qa They areneuer fo fierce, violent, or wilde, but the fight ofa Ramme tameth and dif
mayeththem, for they feare his horaessfor which caufe the Egiptians picture an Elé-
phant andaRamme, to fignifiea foolifhkiag that runneth away for a fearefull fightin the
Gillis field. Andnot onely a Ramme, butalfo the gtuneling clamour or cry of Hogs: by which
e/ELa 5 — meanestheRomanes ouerthrew the Carthaginians; and Pirrhws which trufted ouermuch
Calius to their Elephants. When Antipater befieged the-Megarians very ftraitly with many Ele-
eue ,: phants, the Citizens tooke certaine Swine and anointed them with pitch, then fetthem
Rams,(wine, onfire and turned them out among the Elephants; who crying horribly by reafon of the
e fire on their bodies, fo diftemperdthe Elephants, that all the wit of the Macedonians could .¢
Volateranns not reftraine them from madnefle; fury, and flying vpon their owne company, onely be-
caufeofthecry of the Swine. And to takeaway that feare from Elephants, they bring vp
with them when they are tamed, young Pigges and Swine euer fince that time. V hen E-
lephants are chafed m hunting, if the Lions feethem, they runnefrom themlike Hin de-
calfes from the Dogges of Hunters, and yet /phicrates fayeth, that among the Hé/perian
or
m
Ge
Of the Elephant. —.—. 199 4j
or wefterne Aethiopians, Lions fet vponthe young Calues of Elephants and wound them: ij
butatthefight of the mothers, which come with fpeede to them, when they heare them j
cry, the Lions runneaway ;and whenthe mothers finde their young ones imbruedin their dU
ownebloud, they themfelues arefoinraged that they killthem, and fo retirefrom them, Thécmelm eile
after which timethe Lions returne and eate their flefh. They will not indure the fauour of Maa Tu
a Moufe; butrefüfe the meat which they haue run ouer : in ihe riuer Ganges of dta there ded Calucs. it
are blew Wormes of fixty cubits long hauing two armes; thefe when the Elephants come : anes ee no
to drinke:in that river, take their trunks in their bandes aad pullthem off. Thereare Dra- ' ffe do Mut
»: gonsamong the Aethiopians, whichare thirty yards ot paces long, thefe haueno riamea ’
remongthe inhabitants but Eleohant-illers. And among the Zndramsal{o there is as an in-
bred and natine harefull hoftlity: berwixte Dragonsiand: Elephants: for which caufethe , Zehignus
Dragons being not ignorant that theElephants feed vponthe finites and leaues of green i
trees, doe fecretly conuay them felues intothem or tothe toppesof rockes : coucring SM
their hinder part with leaues;and letting his head and fore parthang downe likearopeon Td
aliddainewhentheElephant.comimeth to cropthetop ofthetree, fhe leapeth intohis . Nu
fact and diggeth out his eies, andbecaufe thatreuenge of malice istolittleto fatisiea-
Serprnt; fhe twineth her gable-like-body about tlie throat of theamazed Elephant, and jn
fo ftaigleth him to'death. | 2007. v | | H
Agane they marke the footfteps ofthe Elephant when he goeth to feed, and fo with i
(yo theif tales; net: in and intanglehislegs and feet: when the Elephant perceiueth and fec-
leth them, he putteth downe histrurike to remoue and vnty their knots and ginnes ; then
one ofthen thrufteth his poifoned ftinging-head into his Noftrils, andfo (top vp his i | |
breath, theother;pri ckand gore his tender-belly-parts. Someagaiae meet him and flye A UE |
vpon his eiesand pull them foorth, fo that at the laft he muft yeeld to their rage, and fall ee he
downevpon them; killing them in his death by his fall, whom he could not refift or oner- Oe B
‘come being aliue : and this muftbe vnderftood,that forfomuchasElephants gotogither — DENM bee)
by flockesand heards, the fubtill Dragons let the foremoft paffe, and fet vpon the hind- v ee HN
moft;thatfo they may not beoppreffed with multitude; — 2556 205 7s 7. : i iT.
1 Alfoitisreported that the blood of anElephant is the coldeft blood in the world, and _ EUH
*3e that Dragonsin the fcorching heate ofSummer cannot get any thing to coolethem; ex- ae il
| ceptthis blood;for which caufe they hidethemfelus in riuers and brooks whether the Ele | 1 jid
phantscometo drinke, and when he putteth downe his trunke they take hold thereof,and ma
inftantly in great numbers leape vp vnto hiseare, which is naked, bare, and without de- \
fence: where out they fuckethe blood of the Elephant vntill he fall downe dead, and fo i
they perifh bothtogether. virt d vow Of Cinnaba j
^"'Ofthis blood commeth thatancient cinnabaris,madeby commixture of the blood of * fs ee, dubi Voi
Elephants and Draggons both together, whichaloneis able and nothing bitit, to make tu a
thebeft reprefentation of blood in painting. Some haue corrupted it with Goats-blood, B n
and callit Milton, and Mimum and Monochroma : it hath a moft rare and fingaler vertue a- | Bins i |
40 gainft all poyfons, befide the vnmatcheable property aforefaid. ! | ae ie
"' "ThéfeSerpents or Dragons arebred in Taprobona,in whofe heads are many pretious TA *.
ftones; with fücbinaturallfeales or figuratiue impreffions asifthey were framed:by. the
' thande of man, for Podi/ippus and Tzetzes affirme,that they haue feen one of them taken
E mime
wer =
ee a 03037
" A '
out ofa Dragons head, hauing vpon it the liuely and artificial ftampe ofa Chariot, =: Ed da of E
Elephants are enimies to wilde Bulles;and the R/zzecerets. for in the games of Pompey, PL Mi :
when an Elephantand a Rhinoceros were brought together, the Rhinoreros ranne inftantly
* and whet his horne vppon aftone, and fo prepared himfelfeto fight, ftriking moft ofallat i
the belly of cheElephant, becaufehe knewe that it was the tendereft and moft penetrable i
part of the body. post :
5° The Rhinoceros was as long as the Elephant, but the legges thereof were much fhorter
- andas the Rhivecerotes (harpen their hornes vppon the ftones, {odoe the Elephants their j |
‘teeth vpontrees : the (harpneffe of cither yeeldethi not to any ftecle. Efpecrallthe Rhind- e/Aelianus i
- €erot teareth and pricketh the legs ofthe Elephant? They fight in the woods for no other crn jo TER Vs |
caufe, but for the meat they lue vpon, bat ifthe Rhinocerot getnotthe aduantage of the idgwhd |
Elephants belly but ft vpon him in fome other part of his body, hee isfoone put to E^ nil |
x worft, | TIT
IP
Se L1 TE
M—— ——À— 9 — — a ——À—
cae. epum
200 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
worft, by the fharpenes ofthe yuory tooth which pierceth through his morethen buff
hard-skinne (nottobe pierced with any dart) with great facility, being feton:withth
fiengthoffo ablean aduerfary. The Tygrealfo feareth notan Elephant, but isfierce
Enftahius and ftronger, for heleapeth vponhis head and teareth out histhroat, butthe Gryphin:
which ouercomealmoft all beafts,are not able to ftand with the Lyons or Elephants:
The females are far more ftrong, chearefull, and couragious then the males;and alíc
they areapt to beare the greater burthens ; but in War the male is more gracefull and ac:
gin ceptable, becaufe heis taller, giuing;more affured enfignes of victory and fortitude :fo1
ons & corage their ftrengthisadmirable,as may be conie&urd by that whichis formerly recited of theit ro
ofmaleand trunke, and Vartoman affirmeth, that he faw three Elephants with their onely heades;driuc- s
Gilling. agreatfhip out ofthe Sea-water where it was faftened vnto thefhore. VVhen he is mof
loaded he goeth fureft, for he can carry a woodden Tower on his backe withthirty men
therein and their fufficient foodeand warlike iuftruments. siti, 25:
Theking of India was woont to go to warre with 30000. Elephants of war, and befide
Alberts — thefehehadalfofollowed him 3000. ofthe chiefelt and ftrongeft im Jndia, whicharáis
"The ftrength commaund would ouerthrowtrees, Houfes, VValles, or any fuch thing flanding againft
and burthen
ofanEleph, lim:and indeedvpontbefe were the Jndians wontto fight, for the defence of theircoaft,
and country. The fartheft region of that continentis called Partalis,inbabited by de Gan-
garides and Calinge,theking whereof was wont to hauefeüen hundred Elephants p watch
his Army, and there was no meane princein all Zdia which was not Lord of many Ele- 20
Pliny, phants. Theking of Palibotre kept in ftipend, eight thoufand euery day, andleyond his
ha a territory was theking of Medubeand Molinda, which had foure hundred Elephants. Thefe
ners of Elep. fightwith men, and ouerthrowe all that come within their reach, both witktrunkes and
Solinus ^ teeth.
There werecertaineofficersand guidersofthefe Elephants, which werecalled Elephan-
tarche, whoe were the gouernorsot fixteene Elephants, and they which did inftituteand
teach them Martiall difcipline, were called Elephanta gogi . The: millitary Elephant did
P ne, Cty 4-perfons on his bare backe,onefighting ontheright hand, another fighting on the
tionof Ele. lefthand, athird which ftood fighting backward from the Elephants head, andafourthin
phansfor themiddle of thefe holding the raines and guiding the beaftto the defcretion ofthe Soul- 3e
B ja, Gies, euenasthe pilotina {hiv guideth the fterne, wherein was required an equall know-
ledge and dexterity, forthey vnderftand any language quickly, for when the Jndsan which
ruled them {aid, {trike heere on theright hand,or els on the left, or refraineand ftand ftil,
no reafonable man could yeald readier obedience. They did faften by iron chaines ,firft of
allvpon the elephantthat was to beare ten, fifteene, twenty , or thirty men, on either
fide, two panniers ofiron bound vnderneath their belly,and vpon them the like panniers
of wood hollow,wherin they place their men at armes; and couered them ouer with {mall
boards, for thetrunk ofthe elephant was couered with amaile for defence, andvpon that
abroad fword and two cubits long : this (as alfo the wodden Caftle or paniers aforfaid)
were fattened firft to the necke,and then to the rumpe of the elephant.Being thusarmed, 49
they entred the battell,and they fhewed vnto the beaft to make them more fierce, wine,
red liquor made of rice, and white cloth, for atthe fight of any of thefe, his courage and
rageincreafeth aboue all meafure 5 then at the found of the Trumpet he beginneth with
teeth to ftrike,teare,beate, fpoyle,take vp into the aire, caft down again, flamp vpon men
vnder feet, ouerthtowwithhistrunke,and make way for his riders to pierce with Speare,
fhield, and fword;fothathis horrible voice, his wonderfull body, histetrible force, his
admirable skill, his ready and inclinable obedience, and his ftraunge and fildomefeene
fhape, produced in a maine battell no meane accidents and ouerturnes. For this caufe we
read how that Pyrrhus firftofall, produced elephants againft the Romans in Lucania : af-
terward A4/druballin Affrica, Antiochus in the Eaft, and Jugurtha in Numidia. b.
Againft thefe new kindes of Caftle-fighting and Souldier-bearing-beaftes, on the
Theta, Contrary they inuented New kindes of ftratagems, as is before fette downe, and alfo
gainft eleph. new inftrumentes of Warre, for a Centuryon in Lucania with anew deuifed fharp fword,
cutte offthetrunke ofthisBeaft : againe other inuented, that two armed Horffes fhould
drawacharriot, andinthe fame armed men with Iauclins and fharpefpeares, the fpecdy
Horfles
PC T.
— — — E
Of the Elephant.
- horfes fhould withallforce run vpon the Elephants, and the fpeate-rmen dire&ing their
courfeand Weapons fome vpon thé beaft, other vponthe riders, did not oncly wound
the beaft, but alfoby celerity ofthe horfes, efcape all danger.
Other againc fentagainft him armed Souldiers, hauing their Ármour made full of
fharpeprickes or piercing piked Nayles, fothat when the beaft did ftrikeat them with
his trunke, he receiued gricuous woundes by his owne blowes . Againe there were
certaine young men Souldiers, armed with light armour, which being mounted vppon
fwift Horffes, could caft Darts with fingular facility, and without the reach of the beaft,
many times wounding him with long fpeares, andío by example ofthe Horfe-men, the
1o foote-men, grew more bold, and with piles in the earth annoyed the belly of the Beaft,
and vtterly vanquifbing it and the rider. Againe, they deuifed flings to caft (tones, wher-
by they beate off the riders, and many times ouerchrewe the Caftle-bearer,as it were by
fome violent ftroke ofa Cannot (hot 5 neither was there euerany more eafic way to dif:
afterthefe monfter-feeming-Soldiers,then by cafting of ftones,and laftly they would fuf
fertheir Elephants and their riders by poore hopes and appearances of feare, to enter
into the middeft among them, and fo begirte andinclofe them, that they tooke the Ele-
phants aliues andalfo more fhooters of Darts carried in Chariots with the ftronge courfe
of Horfles, didfo annoy them, that whereas their bodies were great and vnweldy ,not
nimbleto ftir outof place, it became more eafie tokill an elephant then a Horffe,becaufe
20 many fhootersat one time could pierce fo fairea marke with vnrefiftable weapons. And
chefe things are related by Pzgetius.
Atthe laftthe fight with Elephants turned into a publike game or paftime, both to fee
them fought withall by men, and alfo among themtelues. When certaine prifoners of
the Romans were taken by Azziball, he firft conftrained themto skirmifh among them-
felues, and fo flew one another except onely one ; and he was by the like commaunde-
ment forced to fight with an Elephant , but vpon ‘condition of liberty ifheefcapedaliue:
and thereupon ioyned Combat, and flew the Elephant, to the great griefe and amaze-
mentofallthe Carthaginians; but going home, according toagreement, -Anniball fea-
ringthat by this fa& thofe great beafts wouldgrow into contempt, fent certaine Horfe-
3o mentolillhim by theway. T
oP i
Theirtrunke or handis mofteafieto be cutoff ; forfo it happened in the zdility ortem-
201
Games of
Elephants,
ple office of Claudius , Antonius and Pofthumusbeing confuls, andafterwardin the Circus, Fenefella.
when the Zuculli werethe commons officers. And when Pompey was confull the fecond
time, there were i7. or 20. which at onetime fought within the Circws,at the dedication
of the Temple of Venus the Vidforia, where the Getulians fought with them with Speares
and Dartes ; for their happened an admirable accident, one of the Souldiers who hauin
ahurt in his feetedid creepe vppon hisknees betwixtthe Legges ofthe Elephants, and
caft vpthe Darts ouer his head into the beaftes belly, which fell downeround about him,
tothe great pleafure ofthe beholders, fo that many ofthe elephants perifhed rather by
Artthen the ftrength ofthe Souldier. No leffewas the Miracle ofanother flaine withone
ftroke, for a pile ran into his temples through his eie, and there Tlacke fo faft, that itcould
not be pulled forth againe ; which thing was afterward affayed by Julius Cefar,andinthe
third time of his conful{hip, there were twenty Elephantes, which in the Games fought
with fue hundred men, andfo many with Towers on their backes, bearing threefcore
men in euery Tower. (3
"Toconclude, elephants areafraid of firejand Martiall made this Epigram ofa Bulflaine
by an elephant, which was wontto. domineer in all their triumphant games, wherewiths
all Twill concludethis di(courfe.: < . " 5105 YORI HOW O Sil
321i Ti Qui modo per totam flammis flimulatus arenam -
Suffulerat vaptas Taurus in aftra pilas
Occubuit tandem ecornuto ardorepetitus ri ficri uh
Dum facilem tolli fic elephantaputat.
2
"Inthe next place it is goodtorelate the ftory ofthe taking and taming of elephants, for The taking
inzzbia about the Froglodite, the hunting and taking of elephants haue giuen many of Elephants
names to feuerall Townes, as Elephantina; and Elephantis, Epithere, Philethera, and che
bui hun-
P/ y 6
Strabo.
Me
vase AE uic
xp ER a eri M
Mal a iie pee
iri
T — M
202
Pliny,
Albertus.
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafls.
hunting of Elephants by Prolemaés by the port Saba, the City Daraba,and Lycha. In Af-
frickexhey take them in great ditches, wherinto when they are fallen, the people prefent-
ly with boughes, mattocks, leauers, and digging downeot high raifed places, take them
out avaine,and fo turne them intoa valley wrought by thelabour ofman, moft firmely
walled on both fides, where with famine they tame him: for whenhe would gently take
aboughatthe hand of aman, they adiudged him tamed, and grew familiar wich him,lea-
ding him away withoutall {cruple. TET
Butthe zdians víeanother more ingenious and fpeedy meanes to tame them,which
isthis;firft;they digalfo a great ditch,and place fuch meate therein as the beaft loueth,
who winding it and comming thereunto, for defire thereof fallethinto the foffe or ditch:
being fo fallen inand notableto come forth againe, one commeth to him with Whips,
beating him very griuoufly fora good fpace,tothe great griefe ofthe beaft,whothrough
his inclofing can neither runne away nor helpe himfefe 5 then commieth another during
this timeof punifhmentand blameth the firft man for beating the beaft, who, departeth
prefently as oneafraid of his rebuke, the other pittieth the beaft, and ftroaketh him, and
fo goeth away : then commeth the Whipper againe, and fcourgeth the Elephantas be:
foreand that more grieuoufly to his greater torment fora good {pace together : where-
vpon the time fulfilled,the other com meth againe arid fighteth with the Whipper, and
forcibly feemeth to driue him away, and relicuethe poore beafts and this they dóe fuc-
ceffiucly three or fourtimes ;fo atchelaftheElephant groweth to know and loue his de-
liuerer ; who by that meanes draweth him out and leadeth himaway quietly : While this
| thing is doing; the {micer and Whipper vfetha ftrange and vnwontedkind of habit, fo
as he may neuer be knowrie by the Elephant after heis tamed, for feare of reuenge :of
which you (ballare moreafterward; in the farther difcourfe and opening the nature of
thisheaftunco oui si vd uw sel bon: 200 q5cod99515 13 Lc EK
| Arrianws and Strabo relate another:way. whereby the Indians take their Elephantes,
which becaufe they Write vpon their owne eye-fight; of the things they knewe affuredly,
Thaite thought good to expreffethe deuife. Foureor fiue Hunters; firft ofall’ chufe out
{ome plaine place, without Trees or Hilles)but: declining ;: by the fpace:of fomeifoure
or fiuefurlongs 5 this they dig ikea wide Ditch as aforefaid, and withthe earthithey take
vp; they raife Walls aboutitlikea tench,.and in the fides ofthe crench they make cer-
: tainé dennes with holes;to convay inlight to thes WVatch-men, whom they placethere:
in, to. giuenoticeand obferue when the Elephants areinclofedsthen make they:anarow
bridge cóuered:with cartlr at the farther end ofthetrench, thattbebeaftes may dread
no fallacy zandfor'the inoré {peedy efiecting & compafiing their defire, they alfoinclude
in the trerich three of foure tame female Elephants;to eritifeanddraw into them thé wild
ODessicóiódqsi3 iO 25 " redd iet roqqz »032332 bio 98 Gro
Now thefe beaftes in tlie! day tinie feede not fo bolily asin thenight,and therefore
they cannot éafily-be deceitred or taken in the lights bur inthe nightgreartockes ofthem
followthe Captaine , (as we havealready fhewed,) and fo coniming neere this trench,
partly by.chevoice, and partlyeby the fauour and fmellofthe females;they aredrawen
into the trench then the Watch«men with allípeedé;, pu Il downe thebridgejand-other
of chem gociüto the next 'Eownes tocall for-helpe; whovppon the firft notice thereof;
cometo the place’ mounted vppon thebefkand ftrongeft: tame Elepbaates, andfocóm-
paífechem about, giung meate in their prefenceto the tame, but befiedgiüg the inelofed,
they keepe them fromallimeateand foode, vntill they be fo weakened that they daréen-
terinamong cheng :but in tliis manner s:they: ture in their tame Elephantesánd goe
ynder their bellyes, and{o whenthey come neere the Wilde Elephatites;. they-fpeedily
conuaye themfelues vnder his:bellye and lay: vnaüoydable fetters vppon their feete :
then prouoketthey thetame ones to. beaté andofight with the Wilde, who by reafon of
the manacles vpon their feete, are eafily-ouerthrowemand fall to:thegnound ; being on
the ground, they put halters vpon theirmeckes tade.oftaw.Oxe hidesjand fo bind them
to\the tame imi domeftitall Bléphantess And while theplycon the gudundes they get
rer P
^? ypponthem, and toche infenrthat theyrRyders may:b¢ withoutdaunger ofharmeby
them; they curthe’skinne of their neckes!ronndabontt ina: circles witht ia fharpe fwordy
” egal and
io
20
jo
42
50
—— a
| Of tbe Elephant.
and vpponthe wounde they tyeandfaften a rope, that fo the payne may conftraine the
Beaft tobe quiet, fo that by this they beginne to feeletheir owne weakeneffe, and leaue
offtheir wildenefie, betaking themfelues to the mercy of their new Maifters.
Being thus raifed from the earth againe, and yoaked by the neckesand Legges to the
tamed Elephants, they are fafely led home into ftables, where they ate faftened to great
| pillers by their neckes, and ifthey refufeto eate their meate, with Tymbrels, Cimbals
| Harpes, and other muficallinftruments;they are fo entifed fromfullen Wildeneffe. that
they forgettheir firft natures;and yeald allouing obedience to men,a *
* conquerors and vnrefiftable maifters.
1o -' Thefe beaftes by their fagacity and naturall inftin&, do fometime forefeetheir owne
perill, and difcouer the traines and fecret intentions of the hunters, {0 as they cannot bee eens
drawen into the ditches and foffes by any allurements: but prefaging their owne miffor-
tunes, türne backeagaine vpon their hunters, euén through the middett of them, and fo
feeke tofaue themfelucs by flight, ouerthtowing their enimies that dare approch vnto
them Atwhichtimethere is afierce fight, to the great {laughter many times both of
men and beaftes ; for the mento ftay his fight, bend their fpeares,and charge their darts
and arrowes, to ftrikétlie Elephant dire&ly on che face, and ifthe beaft perceiue that he
hath ouerthrowneany man, inftantly hee makethto him, taketh him ir his teeth, lifting:
him vp iito the aire, and cafting him downe againe, and ftampethvpon him, wounding
go him many timeswith his teeth or hornes wherby he putteth him to cruell torments and
feaueth hinrnottillthe be dead.’ |
And when they inuade or fet vpona man, they fpread forthitheir broad eares, (which
are fafhioned like the VVinges of Oftriches) as thefailesofa fhip, and drawing vp their
trunk vnder their teeth their nofes ftand forth like the beake of fome fhip, & fo rofh they. 1
with vnrefiftableviolence vponthe weake bodiesoóf men, ouerturning them inno other
fort, then a mighty great hulke or man of Warre, the little Oaresor Whirries in the
M s data pm boold-adi y
And as the Trumpets in Warre giuethe fignes of fighting, fo do thefe fend forth fuch
|. terrible yelling androaring clamors,asbringethino meane aftonifhment to hisperfecu-
i!| 30 tours: befide the lamientable and mournefull voyces of men, by them woundedand fal- |
lentothe earth; fome hauing their kneesand bones broken, other their eiestrodeout of id ii
2,02
s to their vi&torious
— : ee =
Spe sini ee cc EE XE
m c E a
PEios aca hate
—— — € €
DÀ
nci
—
their head, other their Nofes preffed flatto their faces, and their whole vifages fo diffi- ui fe
gured and diffauoured ina moment, that their necreft friends kindred,and acquaintance " D:
cannot knowethem . Thefe alfo fillthe fpatious aire with direfull cryes, thatare heard a i |
great way off, into the Townesand citties adioyning, hauing no other meanesto efcape
out ofthe way, and from the teeth of the beaft, except he {trike his tooth into fomeroot,
and there it fticke faft vntill the poore ouerthrowen man can creepe afide and faue him-
felfe by flight. |
In this confli&;fometime the Elephants, andfomtimes men are the conquerors,by |
o bringing vpon the beafts diuers terrours and manacles, out ofwhich they are not very ea- Eo Ur
fily deliuered: for menne alfo hauetheir trumpets, and fo makethe Woodesand fieldes ta NEP
ting with them, theratling of their Armourand fhieldes, and their owne howling and H
|. Whooping, kindling fires onthe earth, cafting both fire-braundsand burning Torches |
| into the face ofthe Elephant, by allwhichthe huge beaftis not a little difgraced and ter: i |
| rified. So that being bereft of their wits,they turne backand run into the ditch which they i,
| fo carefully auoyded before.
|
|
|
ER
——
ü )
|. Butiftheirrage proceede vndeterred and men be forced to yeald vnto them, forth they i i
| . gointothe woods, making the trees to bend vnto them asa dog or an Oxe doththe ftand- ha
|. ing corneat harueft: breaking off their tops and branches, which hinder theircourfeand I it M
3? flight, as another beaft would crop offthe eares of cornes but where they are taller then i pog
| _ the Woods,there they ftraine euery ioyntand member inthem to get groundand over: i D T
| goctheir Hunters jwhichthey may performe and attaine more cafily, becaufe oftheir n
| cuftomary aboad in thofe places: and when they are efcapedout of thefight of their fol- " 1
| — lowers,and make account that they are freed from farther perfecution, then caftthey of i i
| all feare, and compound their diftra&ed fenfesinto aremembranceof meat, and fo ga- ' *
ther
|
204, The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
ther their foodfrom Palmes, Trees or buthes ; afterward betaking themfelues to reftand
quietnefie. ;
Bur iftheir Hunterscome againe into their fight, they alfo againe take them totheir
heels, vntillthey hauc gotten more ground from them, and then they reftagaine : and if
the funne declyne, andlightof day failethe Hunters, and darkeneffe make an end of the
chafe ; then doe they compaffe in the beafts way, and {et the wood a fire, (for Elephants
/— feare fireasmuchas Lyons :) So that by all this it appearerh , that the fabulous tales of
Gabinius the Roman writer of Elephants; are not to be belieued 5 when he affirmeth,that
Elephants will fight againftand refiftthe violence of fire. Id
The Troglodite huntand take Elephants after another manner, for they climbe vp in-
tothe trees, and there fit till the flockes of Elephantes paffeby, and vppon thelaft, the
Watch-man fuddenly leapeth (with great courage) taking hold vpon his taile and fo fly-
ding down to his Legges, and with afharpe Axe which he hath hanging at his backe cüt-
teththe Nerues and tinnewes of his Legges with (o great celerity, that the beaft cannot
PI turneabontto relieue it felfe, before (hee be woundedand made vnableto revenge her
à harme,or prevent her taking: and fometimes fhe falleth downe onthe wounded fide,
and Crufheththe Hunter-watch-manto death, or elfe with her forcein runnio g,dafheth
. outhis braines againft a tree. T Ty |
Salo, The Elephant eaters ( called Elephantephagiy doe obferue the like pollicy, for by ftealth
Other waies and fecretly they fet vppon the hindmoft, or elfethe wandring folitary Elephant, and 2e
Mad) cutre his finnewes, which caufeth the beaft ro fall downe, whom prefently they beheade,
ephants, —— c dafterward they eate the hinder parts of this Beaftío caft downeand taken.
Otheramong theaforefaid Tragiodyte, vie a more eafie, cunning and leffe perillous
kind oftaking Elephantss for they {et ontheground very {trong charged bent-bowes,
which arekeptby manye-of their fttongeft young men,and fowhen the flockes of Ele-
plants paff by they fhootetheir fharp arzowes dipped in the gall of Serpents,and wound
{ome oneofthem, atid follow him by the blood, vntill he be vnableto make refiftance.
Thereare three at euery bowe, two which holdit, and one that draweth the (tring.' Other
againe, watch thetrees whereunto the beaft leaneth when he fleepeth, neere fome VVa-
ters, and the famethey cutte halfe afunder, whereunto when hee declyneth hisbodye, 39
the Tree is ouerturned and the Beaftalfo,and beeing vnabletorifeagaine becaufe of the
(hott Neruesand no flexions in his Legs, there he lyeth, tillthe VVatch-man come and
cut off his head.
Ariffotle defcribeth another manner of taking Elephants in this forte 5 The Hunter
(faith he) getteth vp vpona tamed Elephant, and followeth the Wilde one tillhee haue o-
uertaken it, then commaundeth he the tame beaftto {trike the other, and fo continueth
chafing and beating bim,tilhe haue wearied him and broken his vntameablenature. Then :
doth therider leapevppon the weariedand tyred Elephant, and witha fharpe pointed
Sickle doth gonerne him after thetame one, andfoin fhort {pace he groweth gentle.And
fomeofthem when theryder alightethfrom their backes, grow Wildeand fierce againe; 49
for which caufe, they binde their foreleggeswith ftrong bands, and by this meanes they
take both great and {mall; oldand young ones; butas the old ones are more wilde and ob-
ftinate, and fo difficultto betaken, fo the younger keepe fo much with the elder, thata
like impoffibility or difficulty interpofeth it felfe from apprehending them.
In the Cafpian lake, thereare certaine fi(hes (called Oxyrinchi) out of whomis made fuch
a firme glew, that it will not be diffolued inten daies after ithathtaken hold, for which
caufethey vic itinthetaking of Elephants.
There are inthe Ifland Zeira many Elephants, whom they take on this manner : In the
Mountaines they make certaine cloyfters in the earth, hauing two great Trees ftanding
at the mouth ofthe cloyfters, and inthofetrees they hang vp a great par-cullis gate,with- 59
inthat Cloyfler they placea tame female Elephant. at the time of their vfuall copulati-
on:the wild Elephants doe fpeedily windeher, and make to her, and fo atthe laft hauing
found the way betwixt the two trees, enter into her ;fometimetwenty and fometime thir-
tyatatime : then arethere two men in the faid trees which cutthe rope whereby the gate
hangeth, fo itfalleth downeand includeththe Elephants, where they fuffer them x
or
C ione
CE
| Of the Elephant Ss 205
for fixe or feuen daies without meate; whereby they.are fo infeebled and famiíhed, that
they arenot able to find vpon theirlegs. | . adi 561 6!
is Bhentwoorthree ftronge men enter in amonge them; and with great ftaues and
Clubbes, belabour and cudgell them, till by that meanes they growtame;and gentle; and
althonghan Elephan: bea monfter-great-beaftand very fübill, yet by thefe and fuch like
meanes do the inhabitants of India and Metbispiavake many of them, witha very fmallla-
bour, to their greataduantage. : 3g ! ex on Be
~oo Again ft thefe flights of men, may be oppofed the fubrill and cautelous euaftons of rhefubtilty |
thebeaft aucyding:all the foot:ftepsiof men, ifchey {mell them vpon any herbe or leafe o! Elephants
| zo and for their fight withthe Hunters, they obferae this order, Firft ofall, they fet thenv aes
foremost which hauéthe beftceethy that fo they may notbe afraid of Combar,andwhen
thepareweaty; by breaking dows of trees’ they efcape and fly away. Butfor their Hun-
ting; theyknow that they are not hunted in 44 for. o othericaute, then for their teeth,
addtheteforctodifcónrage the hunters, rheyfetrhem which haue the worft teeth be-
fore; andireferue the ftrongeft for; the fecond encounter :fortheirwifedome or naturall
| difcretion is heereintobeadmired; that they swill fo: difpofeehemfelues in alltheir bat-
tailes when they-arein:cháfe; thav euer they fightby courfe; and inclofe the youngeft
frori perill, fo chat lying vnderthe-beliy of their Dammes they can fcarce be Ícene: and
whenone of them flyeth they all (ye away, to their vfuall refting places, ftryuing which
EZ of therb (nallgoe foremoft : Andifitat any timethey cometo a wideand deepe Ditch,
| — whith:they:cannot;paffe ouer without a bridge: then one of them defcendeth , and
oeth: downe into the: Ditch, and ftandetli tranfuerfe or Croffe the fame, by his great
bodyefilling vppe the empty partes jand the refidue- paffe ouer vpon his backe as vpona
ridge. ; ade! Viy W268 } wits i ae
Afterward when they are all oucr, they tarry and kelpe their felloweout of the
Ditchor Trench againe, by thisflightor deuife ;:one of them putteth downe to him his:
Legge,and the otherin the Ditch windeth histrunke about the fame, the refidue ftan- i
detsby caft in bundels of Sprigs: with their monthes 5 whiehtheElephantwarily and: > | |
fpecdily putteth vnder his feete, and foraifeth himfelfe out of the Trench againe, and des Eiern | ites
| go partethi with his fellowes. AM OF bedvytis Tul ne »orira eer doidw ass Hei |
i Butifchey fall id:and cánnot finde any helpd:or meanes to come forth;they»laye! ug 5
afide their haturall Wilde difpofition, and are contentedto take meateanddrinkeatthe, — —- y |
handes of men; whofe prefence beforethey abhorred ;and being deliuered they thinke> s i MEAM
fio more vpon their former condition, but in forgetfulneffe thereof remaine obedient to ; :
theirdeliuerers. |. 5^ ino af 3. ¢20ide i. ogg vv |
Being thus takenas it bath beene faid, itis alfo expedientto expreffe by what Art and |
meanesthey ate Cicurated and tamed. Firít ofall therefore when they are taken; they T he art of ta
are Bftenedto fome Tree or Piller in theearth, foas they can neyther kicke backeward sming clepha.
nor Leape forwarde, and there hunger, thirft; and famine, liketwoo moft iftronge and d
forcible Rvders abate their naturall wildeneffe, ftrength, feare, and hatred of men: Af-
terward when their keepers perceive by their deie&ion of minde, that they beginneto
: be mollified and altered, then they giue vnto them meate out of their hands, vpon whom ‘
the beaft doth cafta farre more fauorable and cheerefull eie, confidering their owne
| bondage;andfo atthelaft neceffity frameth them vato acontentedand traétable courfe
| andinclination. | , d I 9t]
| Bur the sadsans by great labour and induftry take their young Calues at their Wate~:
ring places and foleade them away, intifing them by many allurementes of meate to?
loue and obey them; foasthey grow to vnderftand the Jadian language but the elder Jn~"
dian Elephants doe very hardly and fildome grow tame; becaufe of their remembrance:
50 of their former liberty, by any bands and oppreffion 5 neuertheleffe by iaftrumentall mue :
ficke, ioyned with fone of their coutrey fongs and ditties they. abate their fierceneffe and:
bring downetheir high vntra&able ftomacks; Ío as without all barids they remaine quiet, Ao j
eaccable and obedient, taking theit meate whichislayedbeforethem: |. 200.07
Pliny and Solinus prefcribethe iuyce of Barly to bégiuen tothem for their mitificati-^
| on, whereunto alfoagreeth Diefcersdes (calling thatkind of drinke ye) gri reafon * ay i |
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106 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
heetcofis;bytàufe ofthe tarte fharpnefie inbarly water ifit flandalittléwhile; andther-
fore alfo they preicribe vineger and afhes to rub the:beafts mouth, toric hath powerin it
topierce {tones jal {harp thingspenitrateaeepe into his flefh;and alter bis naturez the in-
Plutarch hentzon wheteot1sattributed to Democritus.
2). Being thustamed they grow into ciuilland familiar vfes, for Ce/ar afcendedintothe
Gapitallbezwixt foure haridred Elephants;: carring at either fide: burning Torches; and
"s Hehaogobilus brought foure W. aggons drawne with Elephantes ina£zcazum; and men
Phibfiratus commonlyride vpon them, for Apollonius fawe neererhe Ryuer Indus, a Boy of thirteen
»yeareold ryding alonevponan Elephant, fpurring and pricking hitnas freely as any man
will doa leane Horffes 3/1 (2:510. i02 90 133 Siw 3651 ji 1
Thetakine 920 Whey aretauglittoberid one of their hinderlegges to take vp their Ryder, whoalfo
ypottherri- muftreccinehelpe from fome other prefent ftanders by, or elfe it is impoffibletomount
vd onthe backeofto high aipalfrey » . They which arenot àccuftomed. to ride vppon thefe
beaftes, are affe&ed with vomiting and cafting ;like men when’ they firftofalltakethe
' Sea IT heyareculed withoutbridle. orrames, onely byalong crooked piece of Wood,
bending like a:Sickle; andinayled with fharpe Nayles,no man can itte: more fafely and
Nearchys — fhoredofly:vpoona Horffe or Mule then they doe which Ryde:vppon the Elephants.
Strabo, Phe 7zdianswihtheirleffer Elephantes (which they:callbaftard Elephantes) plow their
Retro for ground and'córne.: jo dierflviiisdi TO vh Ile vers diavh
pow’ “o> The common price of Elephantes.is at theleaft fiue hundred Nobles, and foine-
The price of tinyes two:thoüfand. The 24íaz NVomenare moft chaftand continent, yetforan Ele-
Elephants. gem M ; : e : :
phantthey takeargreat prideto be hired for Vhoores; forthey imagine that the fame
and.receiued:oppinyon: of their beautye, docth connteruayle and: couer thé fhame-
fullloffe of their honefty (as Arrianus wrytethin hisbooke of Jndians.)
5c: Sincecditetitethat Elephaats haue: been tamed, their natures & difpofitions haue
bene the: better-obferued and difcouered; for they willingly obey their keepers;lear:
b c ning allfeates of Armes, totake vp {tones and caft them, and to fwimme s fo that srrabo
VAFTOTAAHELE
[65/771
neési SS phbrire c pipe 3 1o INO 2115: L4
ce — Matianns which was thrice Confullaffirmedto P», that hefawan Elephantwhich
Ploy, learnedthe Greekeletters, and was able with his tongueto Writethefe wordes. Autos e-
Thewlear- goo Tadegrapfalaphuratekelt anetheea ;thatis, I Wrote thefe thinges and dedicated: the
ning in ters Op/pighn{y póyls:but in thefé a&ions of Writing; the hand of theteacher muftbe alfo
prefentto teach him how to:frame the Letters ; andthen as Aelianus fayeth they will
Wryte vppon Tables, and followe the true proportion of the Chara&ers-expreffed
before therr face, whereupon they looke as attentiuely asany Grammarian. InIndia
xi are taught many fportes,as to Daunce and Leape, which caufed Martiall to Wryte
^rmthus ; » | 2 |
- table gentle- atfirmethithere was no poffeffion or wealth comparable toa chariot or Waggon of Ele-
: iT ürpes effeda quod tralmnt bifontes
Of vcn Et melles dareiufa quad choreas
ore iniged Negro bellua nil legat magiftro
coc ly coqQuas (peacula non putet deorum.
| WhenthePrizes of Germanicus Cafar were played; there were many Elephantes which
acted ftrange feates or partes, foure of them went vppon Ropes and ouer the: Tables of
meate,wbere on they fer their feete fo warily that they neuer touched any of the ghefts,
the boardes or ftanding Cupnes being fully furnifhed. And alfo they learned to daunce
after: Pipes by meafure; fometime Dauncing foftly, and fometime apace, and then
againe leaping vpright, according tothenumber ofthe thing {ung or played vpon the in-
firument :and they are dpt to learne,remember, meditate, andconceiue {uch things,as a
man can hardly performie. - ibi
» Theirinduftrious care to performe the thinges they are taught, appeareth heere-
in, bycaufe when they arefecretand alone by themtelues, they will practife leaping,dan-
cing and other ftrange feats,which they could not learnfuddenly in the prefence of their
maifters (as' Pliny affirmeth) for certaine truth ofan Elephant which was dull and hard of
T vn-
*
20 |
30
4?
5°
Of the Elephant. T,
vnderftanding, his keeper found him in thenight’ pra&ifing thofethingeswhichhee had
taught him with many ftripes the day before,and cold not preuaile by reafon of the byalis
flow conceit.
Their was an Elephant playing vpon a Cymball, and others of hisfellowes dauncing ’
about him, for there was faítened to either of both of his forelegs one Cyriball , and an-
other hanged to his trunke, the beaft would obferue iufttime, and {trike vppon one; ant
then the other, to the admiration of all the beholders. There was a certaine banquet pre
pared for Elephants vponalow bed ina palour fet with diuers difhes and pois of VV
whereinto were admitted twelue, fixe males, apparelled like men, and fixe feinaiesapp:
| xo relledlike women: when they faw it, they fat downe with great modefty,taking nceveand
| therelike difcreet temperat ghefts, neither rauening vppon one difh or other, and wher
they fhould drinke,they tooke the cup receiuing in the liquor very manerly and for {port
& fefauity wouldthrough their trunks fquirt or caft a litle of their drink vpon their atte:
dants 5 fo that this beaft is not onely of an admirable greatnes but ofa more wondert
meakeneffe and docibility. Ayiffo
They are faid to difeerne betwixt kings and common perfons, for they adoreand ^^^
bend vnto them, poyntingto their Crownes, which caufed Martial! xo Write this T.i.
traflichons . -
Quid pins. c fupplex elephas te Cafar adorat
20 Non facit hoc inffus,nulloque docente magiftro
Hit modo qui tauro tam metuendus erat
Crede mibi numen [entit e tlle tuum.
39
| 40
59
| ; > | !
| elfe {ome greenc herbe, and lift it vp to heauen in token of their innocency and implorati- Pm. i RAT til
on oftheir ówne weakenes : ándiin like manner do they when they eate any herbe by na- e/liuti DAD ADS '
| . turaliaftin&tto cure their difeafes : firftthey liftit vp to the heauens(as it were to pray tor a hb
| * adeuincbleffing vpon it) and then deuoureit. T | Lh | | ‘
| Y l n .
| | EDT
| MT D
| EMI a
| DUM.
d ee M MCHCEMENEEES ID MEN I E I M RM MEE. IG DU reci deme
The King of zzdiazs was watched with foure and twenty Elephants, who were taupe ut
to forbeare fleepe, and to come in their turnes at cértaine houres, ando were the E &lep
faichfull,carefull and inuincible. And as there be ofthem three kindes, the Palu/irsans
or Marifhye Elephantes are hare-brained and inconftant, the Elephantes ofthe \oun-
taines ate{ubtilland euill natured, lying in waite to deftroy and deuoure, butthe Cam-
peftriall Elephants are meeke, Gentle, Docible, andapt to imitate men . Intheie ss sie
vnderftanding of their country language, of obedience to Princes, gouernment, aiid of-
fices; the loue and pleafure of glory and praife:and alfo that which isnotalway ia mien 5
namely, equity, wifedome, and probity. } ;
They haue alfoakinde of Religion, forthey worfhippe, reuerence, and obferue tie
courfe of the Sunne, Moone, and Starres; for when the Moone fhineth, they goe'to
tlie Waters whereinfheis apparant, and when the Sunne arifeth, they falute and reuc
rence her face: anditisobferued in -4¢hiopia, that when the Moone ischaunged vnl
her primeand appearance) thefe Beaftes by a fecret motion of nature,take boughes trom ’
ofthe trees they feede vpon, and firft of all lift them vp to heauen, and then looke vppon »
the Mooiieywhichthey doe many times together 5 asitwere in fupplication to her. In
like manner they reuerence the Sunneryfing, holding vp theirtrunke or hand to heaven,
in congratulation of her rifing.
Iuba waswoonttofay; that: t
his beaft was: acceptable to thofe Gods which ruled Sea
and Land, bycaufe of their reuerence to. Sunne and Moone,and therefore Prolomiez ,
¢
Philopator offered foure Elephants ina facrifice ( to recouerthe quietneffe of his mind)
thinking that the Gods would haue beene wel
] pleafed therewith, but finding that his "^
fearefull dreames and vifions departed nor from him, but rather his difquietnefizincrea-
fed; fearing that the Gods were angry with him for chacadtion hemadetoure Elephants. 7/55.
tl
Crifiic
ed there
of braffe;and dedicated themto thefuiz; that fo by this deede he might purchafepárdon P/eaic
forthe former offence.
This religion oftheits, alfo appeareth before their death, for whenthey fecleany mors 7,
tall woundes, or other naturall fignes oftheir later end, either theytake vp the duft;or
208 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
I cannot omic their care, tobury and couet the dead carkafes of their companions, or a-
Txetzes. — ny other of their kind; for finding them dead they paffe not hy them ull they haue lamen-
ted their common mifery, by cafting duftand earthon them, and alfo greene boughes,
in token of facrifice, holding it execrable to doe otherwife : and they know by a naturall
inftin&. fome affured fore-tokens of their owne death. Befides when they waxe oldand
vnfit to gather their owne meate, or fight for chemfelues the younger of them feed ,nou-
rifh, and defend them, yeathey raife them out of Ditches and trenches into which they
are fallen, exempting them from alllabour and perill, and interpofing their owne bodies
for their prote&ion: neither do they forfakethem ia ficknefle, orin their woundes, but ,
ftandto them, pulling Darts out of their bodies, and helping both like skilfull Chirurgi-
ans tocure their woundes, and alfo like faithfull frieades to fupply their wants.
Againe how much they loue their young which isa naturall part of religion we haue
fhewed before. Aptivater fuppofeth that they hauea kinde of diuination or diuine vader-
Písys, Standing of lawand equity, for when King Bochus, had condemned thirty mento be torne
Their vnder- and trod in pieces by Elephants, and tying them hand and fooreto blocks or pieces of
ra te 4, Wood, caftthem among thirty Elephants, his feruants and officers could not by al their
equity wit,skil,or prouocation; make the beafts touch one of them : fo that it was apparant, they
{corned and difdained to ferue any mans cruell difpofition, or to be the minifters of tyra-
Aeliame, Dyandmurther. They moreoucr hauenot onely an obferuation of chaftity among them-
The rcuenge felues,butalfoare, reuengers of whoredome and adulterers in other, as may appeare by 29
of adulteryes thefe examples in Hiftory.
byElephants | A certaine Elephaatfeeing his Maifter abfent, andanother man in bedde with his
Miftreffe, he went vnto the bed and flew themboth.Thelike was done at Rome where the
Elephant hauing flaineboth the adulterer and adultereffe, he couered them with the bed,
clothes vntill his keeper returned home, andthen by fignes drew him into his lodging
place, where he vncouered the adulterers, and (hewed him his bloody tooth that tooke
reuenge vponthem both for fucha villany : whereat the maifter wondering,was the more
pacified becaufe of the manifeft-committed iniquity.. And not onely thus deale they a-
gainft the Woman, but they alfo fpare not to reuenge theadultery of men; yea oftheir
owne keeper : for there was a rich man which had married a Wifenot very amiable or 3e ||
louely, but like himfelfe for wealth, riches, and poffeffions,which he hauing gained, firft
of all fet his heart to loue another, more fitting his luftfoll fancye, and being defirous to
_ marry her, ftrangled hisrich il-fauored Wife, and buried her not farre from the Ele-
phants ftable,and fo married withthe other, and brought her home to his houfe: the
Elephant abhorring fuch deteftable murther, brought the new married Wife to thé
place vhere the other was buried ; and with his teeth digged yppethe ground and fhew-
ed her the naked bodye of her predeceffour, intymating therby vnto her fecretly , how
yaworthely fhe had married with a man,murtherer of his former wife. jio
Their loue and concord with all mankind is moft notorious, efpecially to their kee-
Hte ersand Women: for ifthrough wrath they be incenfed againft their keepers, they kill 49
persandall_ them,andafterwarde by way of repentance, they confume themfelues with mourning :
pns M And for the manifefting of this point Arrianus telleth a notable {tory ofan Indian, who
p had brought vp from a Foalea white Elephant, both louing itand being beloued of ita-
gaine, he was thereupon carried with great admiration. Theking hearing of this White
Elephant, fent vato the man for it, requiring it to be given him for a prefent, whereat-
the man was much grieued, that another man fhould poffeffe that which he had fo ten-
i
A
- T » Sn ——— - z
rape pe seal aed TR ES E sdb la NE. MIU Tcr rum a E reo ES x - S ER ue i Ca d = - !
== : E : - - exi. : coal rd = —— ————— — == == ^ ert
: IT XC TREE eae : E : xu ;
Es = Saree Rt wees see d E IR E em s VT MM 2 , RII so X T LC EM UST us p^ 272
eeu orc a ERES mARGEXG = ESE et ae ESR ee PINE acr ens ep eae Seige mee Or EE = TT o EM
and rd
emen SE AN Sa
md Siu. n Api dien cin OSS ne
-
er
derly educated and loved, fitting himto his boweand purpofes , and therefore likea
n. ryuall in his Elephants loue, refolued to deny theking, and to fhift for himfelfe infome
' other place: whereupon he fled intoa defert region with his Elephant, and theking vn-
derftanding thereof, grew offended with him, fent meffengers after him to take away the 59
Elephant, and withall to bring the man backe againe, to receive punifhment for hiscon-
tempt.
i When they came tothe place where he remained and began to take order fortheir
jj apprehenfion, the man afcendedintoa fteepe place andthere kept the kings meflengers
off from him by cafting of ftones, and fo alfo did the beaft like asone that had receiued
| . fome
Of the Elephant. 209
fomeiniury by them, atlaft,they gotneare the Indian & caft him down, but the Eleph.
made vpon them, killing fomeof them, and defending his maifter and nourifher, put the
refidue to flight, and then taking vp his maifter with his tranke carried him fafe into his
lodging,which thing is worthy to be remembred asa noble vaderftanding part both of a
Jouing friend and faithfull feruant: 2104 :
The like may be faid of the Elephant of Porus, carrying his wounded maifterthe king
| inthebattel hefoughtwith Alexander, for thebeaft drew che Darts gently out of his mar.
ftersbody withoucall paine, and did not cafthimvntill he perceiued him tobe dead and
without blood and breath, and then did firftofall bend his owne body as neare the earth®
ro as he could,that if his maifter had any lifeleft in him, he might not receiue any harme iri
| his alighting or falling downe.Generally asis already faid they loueall menafter they be
| tamed;for if they meeta man erring out of his way they gently bring him into theright 4-^ yi. tss
gaine, yet being wilde are they afraide ofthe foot-fteps of men if they winde their trea- their keepers
dings before they fee their perfons ,and when they find an herbethat yeeldeth a fufpition: ae ~~ :
ofa mans prefence, they fmell thereurito one by one, and if al agree in one fauourthelaft them not.
beaft lifteth vppe his voice and crieth outforatoken and watchword to makethemallüie == ^-^
away. : nbn ] 31 à
: Cicero affirmeth that they come fo neare to a mans difpofition, that their fall
company or Nation feemeth to ouergoe or equall moft men in fenceand vnderftan-
20 ding. 3 "a n
Rt the fight of a beautifull woman they leaue offall rageand grow meeke and gentle, _
andtherefore Aclianws faith, that there was an Elephant in Egypt which was in loue with nes
| awomanthat fold Corrals, the felfe fame woman was wooed by Ari(fophanes, and tbere- men.
fore it was not likely that fhe was chofen by the Elephant without fingular admiration of
hir beauty, wherein 4ri/tophanes might fay as neuer man could, that he hadan Elephant
for his riuall, and this alfo didthe Elephant manife ft vnto the man,for ona day in the mar-
ket he breughther cercaine Apples and put them into her bofome, holding his Trunkea Plusards
great while therein, bandling:and playing with her brefts. Another likewifeloueda Syrian ~
woman, with whofeafpedt he was fuddaitiely taken, and in admiration ofherfaceftroked —.— ape!) |
3o the fame with his trunke, with teftification “of farther loue : the woman likewife failed not it [TR
toframe forthe Elephant amorous deuifes with Beadsand corals;filuer and {uch thin gs a |
. asare gratefull to thefe brute beaftes,fo fhee eaioyed his laborand diligence to her great i Hania |
profit; and he hir loueandkindnes withoutal offence to. his contentment, whichcaufed | Por EM
| Horat. to write this verfe :
Quid tibi vis mulier nigris digniffimabarris. m
| |
| Atlaft,the woman died, whomthe Elephant miffing, like a louer diftra&edbetwixt loue
| and forrow fell befide himfelfe and fo perifhed. Neither ought any man to maruel at fuch ‘hia!
| 4g apaffion in this beaft, who hath fuch a memory asis attributed vnto him,and vnderftan- 4 Ó
ding of his chargeand bufines as may appeare by manifold examples, for A4zzipater affir- NBO ae
meth that he faw an Elephant that knewe againe and tooke acquaintance of his maifter " i
which had nourifhed him in his youth, after many yeares abfence.
Whenthey arehurt by any man, they feldome forgeta reuenge, andfo alfo they re-
| méberon the contrary torecompence al benefitsasit hath bin manifefted already.They Their reuége -
| obferue things done both in waightand meafure,efpecially in their owne meate. Agno ofharmes &
i . . , à : obferuation
writeth that an Elephant was kept in a great mans houfe in Syria, hauing a’manappointed o¢ the mefure a
to bee his ouerfeer, who did daily defraude the Beaft of his allowance : but on adayas of their meat |
his maifter looked on, he broughtthe whole meafure and gaue it to him: the Beaft feeing
o thefame, and remembring howe he had ferued him in times paft, in the prefence of his
maifter exaétly deuidedthe corne into two parts, and fo laied one of them afide: by this
fa& fhewing the fraud of the feruant to his maifter, Thelike ftorie is related by Plutarch
and Aelianws, ofanother Elephant, difcouering to his mafter the falfhood and priuy theft
ofan vniuft feruant. hil. n
| Tes ^ About |
|$
ype
E rs
Ene
queis
Pew er la ERE
T
NH.
ji.
210
Strabo
Gillius.
Gilliut.
Philoftratus.
Their mour-
ningin fecret
Ariftotle,
The length
of their life.
Arrianus
Agi.
of the eating
Elephants
Strabo.
Pliny.
Solinus
VATtOMANHS .
The difeafes
of elephants.
Ariftotle.
eAchanus
Solinus
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
About rychain Affricke there are certaine fprings of water, which ifat any time they
dry vp, by the teeth of Elephants they are openedand recouered againe. They are mott
gentle and mecke, neuer fighting or ftriking man or Beaft, except they be prouoked, and
then being angred they wil take vp a maa intheir trunke and caft him into the ayre likean
Arrow, foas many times he is dead before him come to ground. Plutarch affirmeth, that
in Romea boy pricking the trunke of-an Elephant with a goad, the beaft caught him, and
lift him vp into the aire to fhoore him away and kill him : but the people and ftanders by
fecing it, made fo great anoifeand crye thereat, that the beaft (ec him downe again faire
and foftly without any harmeto him at all; as if he thoughtit fufficient tohaue put him
in feare of fucha death. mL
Inthe night time they feemeto lament with fighes and teares their captivity and bon-
dage, but ifany cometo that{peede,like vato modelt perfons they refraine fuddenly,and
area(hamedto be found either murmuring or forrowing. They liue along age, euen to
209.0r 300. yeares, if ficknes or woundes preuent nottheir life :and fome buttoa 120.
yeates they areintheir beft (trength of body at threefcore, for then beginneth their
outh.. . | |
Iuba king of Lybia wiiteth, that he hath feene tame Elephantes which haue defcended
fromthe father tothe fonne, (by way of inheritance) many generations : & that Prolema-
us Philadelphus had an Elephant, which contiuued aliue many Ages, and another of Se-
leuchus Nicanor whichremainedaliue to the laftouerthrow ofall che Antiochi.
‘The inbabitants of Taxd/ain India affirme,thatthey had an Elephant at the leaft three
hundred and fifty yeares old; for they faidit was the fame that fought fo faithfully with
Alexander forking Porws,for which caufe Alexander cald him Aiax,& did afterward dedi-
cate him to the Sunne, and put certaine golden cbaines about his teeth, with this inferip-
tion ypon them: Alexander filius Iouts Atacem foli: Alexander the fonne. of Iupiter, con-
fecrateththis Ajax to the Summe. The like ftory is related by Zuba, concerning the age ofan
Elephant, which had the impreffion of a Tower on his teeth and was taken in 4¢las 400.
eares after the {ame was engrauen. . me
There are certaine people in the world whicheate Elephants, and are therefore called
10
20
ofthe Nomades ( Elephantophagi) Elephant-eaters, as is alreadye declared: there areof 30 |
thefe which dwell in Daraba, neerethe wood Eumenes, beyond the citty Saba, wherethere
isa place (called the hunting of Elephants. The Treg /edyt« liue alfo heereupon, the peo-
ple of 4ffricke cald 4/ache, which liuein Mountains, do likwife eat the flefh of Elephants,
andthe Adiabare or Megabari. The Nomades haue Citties running vpon Charriots, and
the people next vnto their Territory, cut Elephantes in peeces, and both felland eat
them.
Some vfethe hard fleth of thebacke, and other commend aboueall the delicates of
the world the reines of the Elephants, fo that it is a wonder that Aelianus would write,that
there was nothing in an Elephant good for meat exceptthe trunke, the lips andthe mar-
row of his hornes, or teeth. The skin of this Beatt is exceeding hard, not to be pierced by 40 |
any dart; whereupon came the prouerbe Culicem hand ewrat Elephas Indicus, the Indian
Elephant careth not for the biting ofa Gnat, to fignifie, afufficient ability.to refiftall e-
uill, and that Noble minds muft not reuenge {mall iniuries.
It cannot be butin füch huge and vaft bodies there fhouldalfo be nourifhed fome di-
feafes, and chat many (as.Strabofaith) wherefore firft of all ther is no creatur in the world
leffe able to endure cold or winter, for their impatiency of cold bringeth inflamation.Al-
foin Summer, whenthe fame is hoteft, they coole one another by cafting durty and fil-
thy water vpon each other;or elfe run into the rougheft woods of greateft(hadow.It hath
bin fhewed already that they deuour Chameleons, andthereof perifh, except they eata
wilde Oliue.
Whenthey füffer inflamation andare bound in the bellie either black wine or nothing
will cure them. When they drinke a Leach they are greeuoufly pained :for their wounds
by darts or otherwife, they are cured by fwines fle(n, or Dittanie, or by Oile, or by the
flower of the Oliue. They fall mad fometime, for which I knowe no other cure buttotye
them vppe fat in yron chaines. When they are tired for want of fleepe they are recoue-
red
$9
esq si Ofobe:Eleke 5.
ted by rubbing their fho ulders with falt,Oileand water. Cowes milke warmed and infu-
fed into their eies, cureth all euilsin them, andthey prefently like reafonable men ac-
knowledge the benefit of the medicine. ;
The medicinall vertues in this beaft are by Authours obferued to be thefe: The blood
211
'The medi-
cines in Ele»
ofan Elephant and the athes ofa Weafill, cure the great Leprofie : andthe fameblood phants.
is profitable againftall Rhewmaticke fluxes and the Seiatica. The fleth dryed and cold,or Marcellas
heauy fatand cold is abhominable:for ifit be fod and ftseped in vineger with fennel-feede,
and giuentoaVVoman with child, it makethher prefently fuffer abortement. Butifa man
taftthereoffalted and fteeped with the feede atorefaide,itcurethanoldcough. The
10 fatte isa good Antidote either by oyntment or perfume: it curethalfo the payne im the
head. | j
The Iuory or tooth is cold and dry in the firft degree, and the whole fubftance thereof
Corroborateththe hart and helperh conception sit is often adulterated by fi(hes and
Dogges bones burnt, and by White marble. There tsa Spedium made of Iuory in this
manner. Takea pound of Iuory cut into pieces;and put into a raw new earthen pot, coue-
ring & glewing che couer withlomeround about,and fo letit burne til the pot be thrugh-
ly hardened : afterward take off the potand beate your Iuory into {mall powder ,andbe-
ing fo beaten, fift it, then put it into a glaffe and poure vpon it two pound of diftilled rofe
Water, andlet it dry. ‘Thirdly beateit vnto powder againe, and fift itthe fecond time
20 and put into itagaine fo much rofe water as at the firft, thenle: it dry, and put thereunto
as much Campbire as willlye vponthree or foure fingle Groats, and worke italtogether
vpon a marble ftone intolittle Cakes, and fo lay them vp where the ayre may not corrupt
andalterthem . The vettue heereot is very pretious again(t fpittyng of bloode , and
the bloody-fixe, andalfo itis giuen for refrigeration without. daunger of byndinge or
afttiGtion. |
Aftera manis deliuered from the lethargye, peftilence, or fudden forgetfulneffe,
let him be purged and take the powder ofluory and Hiera Ruff, diunke outof fweete wa-
ter: This pówder with Hony atticke, taketh away the fpottes in the face: the fame with
wilde mints drunk with water,refiftethand auoydeth the Leprofie at the beginning. The
3o powder of Iuory burnt and drunke with Goates blood, doeth wonderfully cure all the
paynes, and expell thelittle (tones in the raynes and bla dder : Combes made of Iuory
are moft wholfome, the touching ofthe trunke cureththe headache : The liver is profita-
bleagainftthe falling euil the fame vertue hath the gall Gif he haue any) againft the falling
euill.
The fime by anointing, curetha lowfie skin and taketh away that power which breed-
eththefe vermine: the fame perfumed eafeth Agues, helpeth a woman in trauaile, and
driueth gnats. or marfh-flyes out ofa houfe.
OF THE ELKE.
StheElephant laft handled could notliuein amy countrey of
Ffidorus ,
Rafis
Albertua
x:
Mx T.
the world butin the whot Efterne, and Sowtherne Regions, «t. t.e or
(o the Elke on the contrary is moft impatient ofallheate, and their abode.
keepeth not buc in the Northerneand cold contries : for Po- Boxarus bare
lenia andthe countries vnder that clymate will not preferue Balizce. |
an Elke liue, as it hath byn often tryed by experience: for c.i, {
shich caufe, they are not found but in the colder Northerne breedi |
regions ;as Ru(ia, Pru/Sia, Hungaria, and 1lliria, inthe wood Elkes. T
Hercynia, andamong the Boru/Sian-Scythians, but moft plen-
tifully in Scandinania, (which Paufanias calleth the Celtes )for Nie
all the auncients called the Kingdomes of Germany andthe North, Celtaram Regiones.
Countryes inhabited by the Celts. |
This beaft iscalled in Greeke_Alke, and in Latine Alces, or Alce, which was a name of The name of i I
one of 4c «ons Dogges in Ovid: the Tutkes, Yalachians, the Hungarians, 7a ins, the Illiri- **'5 beat, | ' | |
ans i i
ES The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Lhe figure of the Elke with bornes. :
x ». :
"
S SSS DL ^ 4
AA np UU" '
lta Lun a [
! NEA. py"
ji
L
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LEUTE 2
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= s
AAA n
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+
ans and Polonians Los, in the fingular, and plurally Zeffie;for many Elkes? Albertus Mag-
nus calleth it Alchesand Aloy,and afterward Equsceruus'a Horfle-Hart. The Germans,
Elch, Ellend,and Elent, by ametathefis of Alke,or Alce: andfor my part, takeit to bethe
sara daa {ame beaft which Pliny calleth Machlis, for there is nothing attributed to an Elke whichal-
Terras am ERE
Machlis. © fo dothnot belong to Machlis. |
" T be Elke without bornes.
1 LEE
i EE Saw es
! ih ] ES - 5 T DOG
: leute SSS SSS
ia Me: 5 MN —— —— — ME
Wi — Ss SS : — a
: iy CE aa CES SS SS :
i zz —— ZA) SS NOTA
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=>
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272335252
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My
Ur
Of the Elke. 213
I find not any vnreconcileable differenceamong authours concerrting this beaft, ex-
eept in Ce/ar lib. 6. of his Commentaries, who by the relation of other (not by his owne oo de
fight) writeth thatthere are Elkes in the Hercynian wood, like vnto Goats in their fpotted an Elke. :
skins, who haue no hornes, nor ioynts in their legs to bend withall, but fleepe by leaning
vnto trees like Elephants, becaufe when they are downe on the ground they can neuer
rifeagaine.But the truth is, that they are like to Roes or Hartes, becaufe Goates haueno
{potted skins, but Deere haue, and there may eafily bea flip from Capreaa Roe, to Capra
a Goat:and C/ar himfelfe confeffeth, that the fimilitude is in their {potted skins, which
are not competible in Goats but in Roes.
so Andwhereashe writeththat they haueno Horns, the error of this relator may be this,
thateyther he had onely feenea young one before the hornes came forth, or elfe an old
one, that had lately lofthis hornes; and by this Tfuppofe that theauthoririe of Cefar is (u-
fficiently anfwered, fo as we may proceed to the defcription of this beaft collected out of
theauncient writers ,Paufaniass Vopifcus Cefar and Solinus Pliny and the later writers con-
fenting with them in all hinges, (excepting Ce/ar in thetwo thingsaforefaid. ) Albertus».
Magnus, Mathaus,Michsanus, Seb. Munjter, Era[mus Stella, Iohannes Bonarus, Baoron of.
Balizcea Poloniam, Iohannes Kentmannus Io. Pontanus. Antonius Schnebergerus,Chy iftopho-
rus Wirfangus and that moft worthy learned man Georgius Joachimus of Rhetia,and Baoron
Sigtf/mund. . | Of the quau
20 Paufanias fuppofeth it to bea beaft betwixt a Hart anda Camell, and Albertus betwixta tity and tte
Hartand a Horffe ; who therefore as it hath beene faide, calleth it Eguz-eeruus, a Horfle- 77
hart 5 but I rather by the hornesafterward defcribed,and by the foot which Bozarus had, ene
do take & hold it to be as bigge euery waie astwo Hartes, and greater then a Horffe, be-
caufe of the labour and qualities attributed thereunto : Whereuntoalfo agreeth Alber- The taming
tus. A | their labor.
In Swedia and Rigathey aretamedand put into Coaches or Charriottesto draw men
through great fnowes, and vponthe yfe in the winter timethey alfo aremoftfwifte, and. A//errws.
will run more miles in one day,then a Horffe capat three. They were wont to be prefents
for princes, becaufe of their fingular ftrength andfwiftnes, for which caufe Alciatus rela-
3o tethin anemblem, the anfwer of Alexander toone that asked him a queftion about cele-
rity ; whether haft doth not alway make waft : which Alexander denied by the example of
the Elke in thefe Verfes : :
- Aleiata gentis infigniafuftinet Alce
Conftat Alexandrum fic re(pondiffe roganti.
Nunquam inquit differre velens quod cy indicat Alce
Vnguibus cy (meeden)fert (apaballemeenos)
Qui tot obiniffet tempore gefta breui
Fortior hee dubites, ocyor anne fiet ?
Pliny afirmeth (in my opinion) verie trueliethat this beaft is likeanOxe, exceptinhis’ 5,4...
40 haire, which is more liketo a hart: his vper lip is fo great and hangeth ouerthe neather fo and OF
farre, thathe cannot eat going forward, becaufe it doubleth vnder his mouth, butas hee feeding.
eatcth he goeth backward likea Sea-crabbe,and fo gathereth vp che graffe that laie vnder p.
his feet. His mane is diuersboth vpontherop of his neck, andalfo vnderneath his throat
it buncheth like a beard or curled locke of haire, howbeit, they arealwaie maned on the;
top ofthe necke. Theirnecke isverie (hortand dothnotinanfwere tothe proportion of
the refidue ofthe body, and therefore I haue expreffed both figures of the Elkes.
Their forehead is verie broad, two {pans at the leaft : it hath two verie large hornes,
xhichwe haue heerealfo expreffed, both forthe right fide and the left : fo as they bende
toward the backe in the plaine edge,and the fpires or pikes ftand forward to the face:bothr
males and females haue hornes, they are folide at the root and ro«nd,but afterward bran-
ched, and grow out of their cie-lids, they are broader then a Haits,andare alfo verie hea- Afup fer.
uie; for they weigh at the leaft twelue pounds, and are notaboue two foote long, and the. Kestmannus
bredth meafured from thelongeft fpiere to the other oppofite fide, about teninches : the poztazw.
root next cothe skin, is more then a man can well griplein his hand, andthercfore here is
exprefled the figure of both hores, bothin male and female ; for there is is not any dif-
. erence
*
mmi
E
E ^
AE:
"cern
a
E
DIU ree
Sas
*
n
Se
eoe
e Me mal. et
D
EIL
c des
B
wm
ME at aa ur
A EE "Tips EE
SSeS SS
I : v MEET za “Ses —— a S riae keene EE Se ue ccc dere S ^ae E T"
- - 4 ar “2 - : Pi. == SE SE — E :
: : - ca: e EIE = = - |-" A
EST : = = anche : z a ee SS SS = a == = MES LLLI — Ss &, M
s = SS Ko a Le = : s E c — T
sme n ers E on TL SLT ELI Ea : X — Se A ea a tiii en ee m d Y TED
: : = = = —— SSS SSS E o Piet
' BENTL T-.
Beafts,
The Hiftory of Foure-footed
SS
X
LL T NS = SR
eS SSS
owe
AAR SS SS =
CCCII
ference in their natures that I can learne, and thefe hornes they loofe euery yeate. His
earsand backare verielong, and hanging down, the colourfor the moft partlikea Hart,
and fometime white,and Muz/fer affirmeth, that in the Summer they are of rufiet color,
Sieifiewndas and in the Winter browne or blackifhcoloured. His forelegs withoutall ioynts to bend,
Baro,
The mann
heerein refembling an Elephant, andtherefore it fleepeth leaning to pofts or Trees, aiid
. Of the color notlying onthe ground. Hishooues are clouenlike a Harts, and with the forefeete He
- pierceththe Dogges that hunt him; for he fighteth not with his hornes,but with his foré-
er P SE S
of their &ght legges. Itisa melancholycke beaft and fcarefull to be feene, hauingan ambling pace,
N
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| Of the Elke. OTE)
anid keeping in the wets watry, aad mar(hy places jdeliehting in nothing but ia moyfture:
| — The Gelhis facatid fwecte, but ingratefull to the palate, and engendereth melancholy:
| The Germans call this Beaft El/end, which in their language fignifieth miferable or wret-
| chedjandintrath iftherep ore thereof be notfalfeyit is in a moftiniferable and swretched
cafe; foreuery daie thoroéuch out the yeare it hath the falling ficknes; arid'continueth in
the pangs thereof, vnull the hoofe’of his right forefooté touch hisleft eareywhich coms
| méétto páffe buc by che extreametotnientes of the body, forwhilft the merbersare rea-
| ehBedaüdftretched with many firáines and conuulfions (as it falleth outin tbatGickeneffey
© py chaatitethe aforefaid foore tubbeth the faide eare, and iriimiediatelie théreupon the
| xo beaftis delivered fromhis panges: whereby weateto admire the workes of out ereatour,
meritedgyer hachhéalfoprouided4 remedy for that euill in the hoofe of his ewrie foote;
placeUfcüre;^ »o vsm dave s | ab eli Loro
|| Tbeyluein heardéand dockestogetheria Séapdiuanua, arid when thewatets'aretro-
| zenvpjthewildemountaine Woluesfet voon them in great niultitudes together whom
they receiuein battellvpon the yfe, fighting moft fiercely and ctuelly til onéparcbe van-
| quifhedIn the mieane time the busbandmen of the countrey obferue this combate; and
when they fee one fide goe to the wall, they perfecute them, andtake the victours part;
! 20 for itisindifferentto take either théone fide or the other; but moft commonly the Elkes
| a¥ecohgiierors by réafon of theit forefeet, for with them they ‘pierce the VVolis or dogs
| — Skins;dswith any fharpe'pointédfpeareorlauelyn. ^ ^ ^
|. - Some haucbeene of opinion, that thefe are wilde Affes, but they are led hereinto with
| flo reafonexcept becaufechey arevféd for trauell and burthen as is before faid, for there
iso proportion orrefemblance of body betwixt them: befides;they haueclouen hoofs;
for the imóft part, although Siei/imundus Baro affiraie, that there aie fome'ofthis kinde
which have their hóoues whole andvndeuided.’ Being wilde itisa moft fearefull crea-
ture, and rather defireth to lie hid in fecret, then to flye,except pürfued by hunters; and
thereis nd dangeriri hunting of this beaftexepta man come tight before him, for on his
3o fides he may fately ftrike and wound him, but ifthe beaft faften his forefeet on hin, hee
cannótefcape without death: ‘Notwithftanding itis a Beaft (as hath been faid) as great
as two Harts vet is itaboue meafure fearefull,and if it receive any {mall wound, or fhot;
inftantly it falleth downe and yeeldeth to death,as Bowarws hunting with Sigifmund the fe-
condking of Polonia in the woods of Lituania tr yed with his owne hand, for with his hun-
ting fpear he pierced onea very little way in the skin in the prefence of thek. who prefent-
| ly fell downe dead. |
Infome countries ofauncient time (fayeth Pau /anias) they tooke them on this manet.
| — They hauing found out the field or hill where thebea(ts are lodged, they compafle it in
|. bythefpace ofathoufand paces round in circle with welts and toils inuented for that pur-
|? titude«hocommonly felling his hunters hideth bimfelfe in fome deepe ditch or caue
|. ofthe earth, forche nature of this beaft hath frameato it felíea moft fharpe fagacity or
| quicke fent of fmelling being notheerein inferiour to any ofthe beft dogs inthe worlde,
| becaufeit cana great way off difcouer the hunters, & many times while men areabroad
in hunting of other beafts, this is fuddainely ftarted out ofher lodging place, and fo dif-
couered, chafed, and taken. ^^ . )
Othéragaine takeit by the fatiie meanes that they take Elephants, for when they haue
found the trees whereunto they leane,they fo cut and fawe them, that when the beaft
| comineth, hee ouerthroweth theft, and falleth downe with them, and fo is taken a-
| 50 lige.”
| reread that there vere Elkesinthe triumph of Aarelian at Rome, and inthe games
dedicated by Apalfoand Dianaand celebrated by Valerius Publicola vere many Eleph-Elks
and Tigres.Likewifethere wereten Elkes at Rome vnder Gardiagus. NN hen they are cha-
fed eagerly and can find no placeto reft themfelues in and lie fecret, they run to the Wa-
| fers, andtherein fland, taking vp water into their mouths, and within fhort {pace ^ fo
d eate
which Hauing laid fó'heauy an infi&aity vpon this poore beaft, wherewith heis:daily totJ
makingthe torments of the difeafe to be theapothecary for applying the remedy to the!
- ——À c n ^l i mr! j s , oly na
pofe;then do they drawin their nets round like a purffe.and fo inclofethe beafts by mul.
The place of
his. abode.’
The name of
thigbealtiny
the Germain
toeng & the
true bigaifica
tien thereof.
The ficknes
of Elkes.
Their fight
with Wolues
The manner
to huntthem
without dan
ger.
€
their admira
bie feare and
pufllanizuty
the auncient
maner of ta-
king Elkes.
Vopifcus,
Their refit-
ancein the
yyaters,
en
T em
—
D
X RE
LIT TE ETC. E
A sa:
ux
EI
cu v murus
taper n
Edeka:
Durus enm
Furtado d
esencia ta ix. metit S
[
y
L
|
n
a
oats
.
1
;
IE
V WEILE
=a
DOR ee a ore nee Tx $ = x : = > = : ERU EET RU eL ores e Bes «bab ‘
= DUE ell Da ART LE a COE AT a c LS en — 2 KJ a
ET oy Make al E co ee EE a ae Se A ee eM MSIE oe ee Sea ee oM ee eee
ot TREE RI = es — TE ———ÀÀ E SSS = SSS SS SS == See m UE Recta a 7
x Res
De T PUER RECTE.
Ss
:
Mó o The Hiflorie of Foure-fovted Beafts.
2 heateit, that being fquirted or fhot/out ofthem vpponthe Dogges;.the heat thereof fo
CMunfler, opreflethand fcaldeth them; thacthey dare not once-approach or come .nigliher-aty
rp Daore«o sIdgseitn drone si niod) atigide ssWa fi: f eidilito enzeaO ad T
The medicin 5s. The greateftvertue of medicine that I can learng or finde re be inthis beat), is in the
inanElkes’ hyofe,forchatworne ina Ring, itrefifteth andfreeth aman from#he falling-euill, the
we Grampe, and cureth the fits or pangs, if it beput;on when he isin his foming extremity
" -** alfofcrapedinto powder and putiato VV ine and drunke, itis vledimRelonia ápain&&e the
|. .; fame euill.In like forethey mingle it with Triacle, andapplie itto the heart, or'elíe hange
to itabouttheir necke for anamuletto touchtheir skin againft that difeafe: and becaufe that
;
q1590 sd1
IO |
bothin auncienttime, andalfo nowa:daies, this beaft.is (ildome feene and more.fildome -.
taken, the.hoofe thereof being fo often approoued for the vfes before faid , therarity (I
fay thereofymaketh itto be fold very deare,which would be (if they could be found Or.ta-
ken) in moreplentifull maner« | 55636 51032 € donis
Some Mounte-bankes fellin {teed cherofa Bugles hoofe, but it may be eafily-deferied
_ by feraping;fos it isfaid) itfmelledh very fweet, whereas a Bugles fauoureth very illand
. ftrong. - Itisobferued alfothat it hath not this vertue except it be cut offfrom thebeaft
while heis yetaliue, and thatin che months of Auguftand September, at what time thefé
Elks aremoft of allannoyed withthe falling ficknes, andthenithath ftrongeft vertueto
cure it in others. . | 9) T ju ¢ v 3 2 tled
.. Others affirme, it wanteth his operation if itbe cut offfroma young one whichneuer
tafted ofcatpall copulation;and fo hathnotbin dulled thereby: but howfoeuer, thisis
certaine, that fometimes it cureth, andfometime it faileth, andas there can. be giuen no
goodreafon of the cure, fo I rather afcribe itto a fuperftitious conceite or beleete ofthe
partie that weareth it, rather then toany hidden or affured worke of nature. The skianes.
_ Of this beat are dreffed by Tawyers, with the fat of fifhesand Alum,to make breft-plates,
Thevfeof andro fhelter one from raine and they fell chem for. three or foure Nobles apiece; but
therrskins. i Cracouia for fifteen Florens.It may be difcerned from.a Harts skin by blowing vponit,
for the breath will come through likeas ina Buffe, and the hairs of this beaft haue alfo hol-
low paflages in them when they growvppon the backe of the beaft;or.elíe foone after the
skin is taken off. | ET 158 25!
Somealfo vfetheneruesagainftthe crampe, binding the offended member therwith,
Ant Schne and heerewith doe we conclude this ftorie ofan Elke, referring the reader tothe fableof.
leer. Alei d related before in Gacus if he haue defire to know it forthe affinitie betwixt the name.
| thereofand .4lses an Elke. |
OP THESPERRET
Take it to be moft true without all exception; thatthe.Grzci-
ans cala Ferret Gala Agria,a wilde VV eafill, 1c## and Phereoi-, 49
kos, although Etymelogus and Hefyehius afcribethereafon of
hie Bathe this latter name to her lodging vnder Oakes) and Oliue-trees.
in Gteeke, Icf is alo wasacommon name ofall Weafils, to thofe.Gre-
cians which neuer knew or faw any other then one kinde of.
them, oras Selaliger againft Cardan will haue. it, tofignifie a
\ DH] wilde Campeftriall W eafill, and nota tamekind, being dome-
“J fticalland living in houfes, and that thefe differ onely from
oneanother in placeand manner ofliuing, andnotin colour, ftature or. qualities. And,
where Ari/tophanes citeth t among other beafts which are deuourers of fifh,in my opini-
theetymolo nthereis no beaft that more defireth fifh; then Ferrets and Cattes, and for this caufe it; 5°
ey oflaysa hathhis name I$ qua/i Ichthus, of eating of fifh;and yetI cannot confent vnto them ~~
po which wil baueit defcendand hunt fifh in the waters like Otters or Beauers : forit abhor-
Ferretsfwim Feth both fwimmingor dyuing, but ncer to the waters ithunteth fifh, where forthe moft
net, part being wilde it remaineth.
Md oa The Latines call this beaft Viverra, and Fure, and Furet#s, and Furectus, becaufe (as
fnall
20
30
— — HE
10
20
39
40
5c
“A
el
Of the Ferret
fhall be afterward manifefted) it prey-
eth vppon Conies in their holes, and
liueth vppon ftealth, and in the earth
willkila cony fix times as bigge as her
felfe but being abroadon the land, in
the open air is nothing fo wild, ftrong
or ful of corage.From /éys is deriued
Iltiffus, and the Germaine J/tis, for a
Ferret: thisis caldbythe French ra-
ron, Furet, and Fufon, and Fufet : by
the Spaniards Furoz,and Furam;and.
from the Englifh Ferret is the Ger-
main Fret deriued by a common 5ys-
cope, and in the time of Georgius Agri-
colait wascalledin Germany Furette,
and Frettell,and theEnglith word fee-
ruethalío tobe deriued from rrezzain
Latine, which by alike Syzeopeis con-
tracted of serra, asto any indiffe-
rent learned man it may appear atthe
firft fight of deriuation.
But heerein feemeth an vnreconci-
lable difference, thatitis reported of
the 7ys by Gaza, the interpretour of
Arifforle that it was moft greedye of
Hony, and for that caufeit w ll feeke
out the hyues of Bees,and enter them
withoutall feare of ftings . But when
Pliny {peaketh of 7é¥ys,he doth not cal
it Viserrajor once attribute vnto itthe
loue of honie, butrather the hatered
and loathing thereof, in fo higha de-
gree, that if hetaftof it, he falleth in-
to confumptions,and hardly efcapeth
death. And thefe things Sealiger alled-
geth againftCarzaz, onely to prooue
that 7£jsand Vinerra, are two deftin&
beatts, & that Cardaz was miftaken 1n
affirming, thatthey were but feuerall
names, exprefling one and the fame
beaft.
Theanfwere whereunto may be ve-
ry eafte,tor althogh Piizy leaueth with
outreherfal their loue ofhony jit doth
not neceflarily follow, that they loue
itnot(as Ariffotle before him conftant
ly affirmeth) and sealiger nameth no
author,nor bringeth any reafon to de-
monftrate their hate of honey, or any
harmewhich infueththem by eating
thereof: and therefore againft his au-
thority may Strabo be oppofed, who
<= rA
7)
ee
ec
—
—
"A
in histhired booke , f, peaking of the Conies of Spaine, and of their hunters and ftarters,
out of their holes, he taketh and nameth indifferently withoutall ditin&ionand excepti-
on, Viuzrra, and Ic7ys, forthe one and other. Vzpbus tranflateth 7é#ys, a Martall; but wich-
out reafon;forthe fame man finding in 4riffotle thatthere is War betwixt Locufts aad
Serpentes, whichis fitly called Ophiomachia 5 whereas Arifforlenameth Akrisa Locuft,
Vi HE fae
217
Their corage
and nature in
the earth.
Sealsger.
vh
Whether Fer
rits be IGys,
m
5
218
x LE a ee
Gaza
Their feue-
ral partes.
Countrey of
breed.
lidorus.
Perottus.
Their drink-
ing ef bloud,
"Agricola,
Their prouo
cation ta hüt
Their colour
and cyes
ones,
ET Ti ue eT rut TIT ario KDE RE NE TEE ETE eS ve pco s c cR A ee
I
—-— M
Same
oe
eei
"Their food
= ay
An
»
i
Wn
i
M
|
The Hiflory of Foure-foeted Beajis. 3]
heefalleth in doubt whether it were notbetterto be7éZysa Martell, oras other copies |
haue it 4/pis an Afpe, which can by no meanes agree vntothem, for there is akind of Lo-
cufts(called Opbiemachum)becaufe of their continual combats with Serpents. And there-
forenot to flande any longer vppon this difference, ommitting alfothe coniecture of
Tzetzes, which confoundeth 1éfys with Atlus a Glead or Kyte, which canot ftand reafo- |
nable, becaufe Homer faith there was a kind of caps made of the haires of 7é¢ys, nor yet of |
Albertus his newe found name of Avkatines nor Aueennahis Katyz jor the french Fz/fau
which is a Poul-cat. "o EA ( ?
I willdefcend to the defcription ofthe parts and qualities, wherein the Authors them- |
felues at variance, make their owne réconcilement,by attributing the fame things to the 15
1éyaand Ferret,exceptthat efan obfcure authour, which faith that s¢7ys is Ankacinor as
bigas a Grey-hound, and that it is wifer & more induftrious in his youch and tender age;
then in his perfection of ftrengthand yeares. |
Thefe Ferrets are leffer then the Mal/teaz or Gentlewomens Dogs, and they were firfte
of all brought out of 4/fricke into Spaine,and theretore are called by Strab, Affrican wea-
fils, becaufe of their fimilitude with Weatils : for Spaine, Italy, France, and Germany, haue
not thisbéaftbred among them,but broughtto them outof other Countries.Bat in En-
land they breed naturally ofthe quantity aforefaid,and they aretamed to hunt Conies
out ofthe earth. It is a bolde and audatious beaft, enemy to allother except his owne kind,
drinkingand fucking in the blood ofthe beaft itbiteth, but eateth not the fleth. When 55
the Warriner fetteth it downeto hunt, hee firft ofall maketh a great noifeto fray allthe |
Coniesthat are abroad into their holes, and fo hauing frighted chem pitchethhis nets,&
then pütteth his tame Ferret into theearth, hauingalong ftring or cord withbels about
hirnecke, whofe mouth he muzzleth, that fo it may notbitethe cony, butonely terrifie
her out of her borougband earth with her prefence or clawes 5 which being perfourmed,
fheis by Dogs chafed into the nets, and there ouetwhelmed,as is aforefaid in the hiftory
of the conies. | ;
_ There body is longer forthe proportion then their quantity may affoord, forlhaue |
{een them two fpans long but very thin and {mal.Their colour is variable ,fomtime black, |
aod white onthe belly, but moft commonly ofa yellowsth fandy colour, likehermeline 44 d
or wooll, died in vrine. The head little likea moufes, and therefore into whatfoeuer hole ,
or chinke fhe putteth itin, all her body will eafily follow after. "Theeies fmall, but fiery,
like red hot yron, and therefore fhe feeth moft clearely in the darke : Her voyceisa why-
ning cry, neither doth fhechaungeit asa Cat: She hathonely two teeth in the neather
chap, ftanding outand not ioyned or growing together. The genital of the male is ofabo-
nyfub{tance (wherein Pliny and Sealigeragree witli Cardan and Straho forthe 1cFys alfoy&
therefore italway ftandeth ftiffe, andis notleffer at one time then atother. Thepleafure
of the fence in copulation is notinthe yard or genital part, butin the nerues,mufcles,and
tunicles wherein the faid genitall runneth. When they are in copulation the femalelyeth
downe or bendeth her knees, and continually cryethlike a Cat, cither becaufe the Male
E XC ONE 48
incheth and claweth her skin with his fharpe nailes, or elfebecaufeoftherigidityofhis — ^|
Thenumber genital’ And when the female defireth copulation, except fhee bee with conuenient
oftheir yong fpeede brought toa Male, or he fuffered to come to her, (he {welleth and dyeth. ‘They
arc very fruitfull in procreation, for they bring foorch feauen or eightata time, bearing
them in their littie belly not abouefortiedaies. . The young ones newly littered are
blind 30. daies togither, and within 40. daies after they can fee, they may befet to hun-
ting. Thenoblemen of France keep them for this pleafure, whoare greatly given to hunt
conies,and they arefoldther fora Frenchcrown. Young boies and {chollers alfo vfe them
to putthem into the holes of rockes and Walles to hunt out Birdes, and likewife into hol-
low Trees where out they bring the Birdsinthe clawes of their feet,
They are nourifhed being tamed with milke, or with barlie breade, andthey can fafta
very long time. When they go, they contra& their long backe and make it ftand vpright
inthe middle,roundlikea bowle. When they are touched, they finell like a Martell,and
they fleepe very much: being wilde, they liue vpon the blood of conies, Hennes, Chic-
kens, Hares, or other fuch things, which they can finde and ouermaifter. In their fleepe
alfo
$913
Of the Fitch.
alfo they dreame, which appeareth by whyning and crying intheirfleepe, whereas along
fly (called a Fryer) flying to the flaming candels in the night, is accounted among poy-
fons, the Antidote and refifter thereof is by Pliny affirmed to be a Goats gall or liuer,mix-
ed witha Ferret, or wilde Weafill, andthe gall of Ferrets is held pretious againft the poi- The medi-
219
fon of Afpes, although the fle(h and teeth of aferret be accounted poyfon. Likewife the hee t hip
all ofa Ferret is commended again(t the falling difeafe,and not onely the gal (faith Mar-
¢ellus) but the whole body, ifit be rofted, drefled, and eaten fafting, like a young pig. It is
faid by Ra//s and Albertus, that if the head ofa wolfe be hanged vp in a doue-cote, neither
cat,Ferret, weafil, Stoate,or other noyfome beaft dare to enter therein. Thefe ferrets are
ro Keptin little hutches, inhoufes and there fed, where they fleepe much: theyare of a very
20
3o
E
whottemperature or conftitution, and therefore quickly difgeft their meate, and being
wild by reafon of their fear, they rather feeke their meatin the nightthen in the day time.
OF THE FITCH OR POV L-CAT.
Ys :
I P bhi; NN 2 NN
Yj Yj (/ tl USS mi +o Gi, pen) ) N —— ÁÀBÉ—— =
M TRU ANN Apu ——ÀÀ HEIN rey
—————— AN SENS NN zz EUN T Pert
AN M à) —— =O) V eg em
aN aM MG = LN
———SS= E—) =
a] He difference of aPoul-cat from the wild-cat,is becaufe of her ftrong ftin- Idores.
king fauour, and thereforeis called putorins of Putore becaufe of his ill VU gast
{inel] : foralweafils being incenfed and prouoktto wrath, fmell (trongly j& thereof.
JOD SEC efpecially the Poul-cat ; likewife when in the fpring timethey endeuour
i 25108571] procreation, for which caufe amongthe Germans (whenthey would ex-
preífean infamous VVhoore or whoore-maifter) they fay they ftinke like an 7^;sthat 15a
fitchor Poul-cat, TheErench call this beaft patos and Poytois, asit is to be ‘ound in Ca-
rolus Figulus, the Sauoyens Pouttett, the Illirians and Bohemians Tchors, and the Polo-
nians dra ; and Scaliger calleth it in Latine (Catzm fuinam) by another name thé Pute- 4. si
: . A : quantí
rius.Itis greater thenan ordinary weafill, butleffer thenthewilde Martell, and yet com- ty and nature
monly fatter : the haires of ic are neither fmoothand of onelength, or of one colour ; for of this beat
the fhort hairesare fomewhat yellowi(h, and thelong onesblacke, fo as one would thinke pat f re
thatin many places of the body, there were fpottes of diuers colours, but yet about the it
mouth itis moft ordinarily white. à
The skin is ftiffe, harfh, and rugged in handling, and therefore long lafting in Gar-
ments, yet becaufe the beaftis alwaicfat;the fauor of itis fo rank, that it is notin any great The skins &
requeft, and moreouer it is {aid thatit offendeth theheade, and procureth ache therein ; vfe ofthem,
and therefore it is fold cheaperthen a Foye skinne, andthe fatteftis alway the worft ofall.
The skinners approue the skins of fitcbies and Martils beft, whichare killed in winter, be-
caufetheit fefhand luftis much lower, and therefore renderetha leffe hurtfull fmell then
at other times, The taile is not abouetwo handes or palmes long y and therefore fhor-
ter then isia Martilles. Inall other partes of the bodye it equalleth a Martill , or ex-
cecdeth very little} hauing thinner Neckes, bit larger and greater Bellies, the Taile,
Legges, and breaft, are alfo fa blacker colour, butthebelly and fides , more yellow.
Some haue delivered thatthe leftlegges thereof are (horter then theright legs but ie i
YE? dA oun
E
1
i}
n
1
E
|
i
i
E DARE MERC
CT
ru
Pi eee 2
De
220 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
founde vntrue by daily experience : They keepe in the toppes of houfes and (ecret
corners, delighting to kil and eat hens and chickens, whofe craftin deuouring his prey is
fingular,for co the intent that the filly creatures to be deuoured may not bewray them to
Yidorus. the houfe-keepers, the firft part that they lay hold vpon with their mouths is the heade of
* ‘Their meate
and fubtletig the hen and chicken, and by that means flayeth his crying by cropping off the head.Some
nottobe — ofthefeFitches wander andkeep in the woods, and thereby liue vpon birds and mife, and
ddcyed.— fuchthings : fome againe liue by the Sea fides in rockes, and they take Fifhes, like Beuers
and Otters: and fome cre epe into the caues of hollow trees, where they eat Frogges, and
moftof all they delight to be neare ftals of cattel,hay-houfes, and houfes,where they meet ta
oftentimes with Egs, wherein they delight aboue al other kinds of meat. And thus much
GE: EE -F OX,
for this beaft.
20
a 9
SES
: i 2
2 |
UN
NN
i) N
A
f | N
| AC P.
mu - AI a
n edt Mh (oos
vs ie
— |l | m
Je \ ' (jl i ^
dio (^^ MN
jur Quid
C
2
Kit |
|
| |
ca m$
Dac Se ee
| E Of the Foxe. > | 231
Foxis called in Hebrew Sehzal,andin Chaldee Thaal, and The teueral.
therefore in fal, 61. wherethe Hebrew readeth Schwalim, ¢. aei
there the Chaldee tranflateth it Thealaia, the Arabians call languages.
him Thaleb, and Auicen calleth a Foxe fometime Chabel, and
allo Chalcail ; che Greeke Septuagints Alopekon,and vulgar-.
ly Alopex aud -Alopon,the Latines Vulpes, and Yulpecula of
Volipes his tumbling pace, the Italians Volpe, the French Reg
"ard , anda little Foxe Regnardeau; the Spaniards Rapofa of
rauening; the Germans Fuchs,the Flemings Yos, and the Il-
lyrians Zefa.
The Epithets exprefing the nature hereof among writers, both poets an dothers;are
—À
— OS
NU
mr me———
d
- A
v E.
XL
|ro
E
thefe: crafty, waty, deceictull, ftinking, {trong- finelling, quicke-{melling, tayled,wat- +4., ; ithitd | i
like or contentious, wicked and rough, the Grecians fiery colored;and fubril for flaugh- of Foxes u
ter, andtherfore Chrift called Herod a Fox, becaufe he vnderftood how by crafty means n
uem
heiought to entrap andkilhim : and al the auncientes called fuchkind of men Vulpiones,
which euery nation vnder heauen doth imitate. "n
| There are ftore of Foxesin the Alpine regions of Helueria, and amongft the Caffians Erreur
| they abound, fo thattbeir multitude maketh themtame, comming into the Cities, dnd por i
| attending pon menliketame Dogs. The Foxes of Sardinia are very Rauenous, forthey Aehazus.
! zo kilthe ftrongeft Ramis and Goats, and alfo young Calues ,andin Egypt they are lefler then
| theyare in Grecia, and moftcommonly all Foxes are of ftature like to à fheapheards dog. zumo
Their colour is reddi(h and more white toward the head: In Mofcoutaarebothblacke & — |
white, Viz :aboutthe river //zga, blacke anc afh-coloured, and in the prouince of V/ling Ariftotle,
al black,& thefeare of the fmaller fort,which are norifhed co make caps of their skins, and Albertus.
are therforefoldat twenty or thirty Floreus a skin.In Spaine they are al white, and their cea
skins are often brought by the merchantsto befold at Franchfordmart. ———— 7
Inthe Septentrionall or Northern woods , thereare black, white;and red Foxes,and. Ofaus mage
fuchas arecald Crucigere, that is Croffe-bearing Foxes, for on their backs & orethwart
| their fhoulders there is a blacke croffe, like an Affes :and there are Foxesafperfed ouer
ge with blacke {pots,and al thefeare of one and the fame malignaunt and crafty nature: and
thefe (faith Georg: Fabritius ) are diftinguifhed by their regions or babitatioris : for it is
moft cominonly feene, that Foxes which keepe and breed toward the South and Weft,
are ofanaíh colour, andliketo Wolues, hauingloofe hanging haires, asisto be feene
both in Spaine and Italy; and thefe are noted by two names among tbe Germaines, froni
the colour of their throats.One kind of them is cailed Koler, whofe throat feemeth to be
{prinkled and darkned with cole-duft, vpon white o as the tops ofthe hair apeare blacke,
the foot and flalke being white. "a
The other Birkfuch/e, becaufe their throat is al white; and of this kind the moft fplen- mir ]
dent white; is moft pretious.A fecond there is (called Kreutzfucbfe) becaufe ofthecroffe — « | na |
| 4g it beareth vpon his backe and fhoulders downe to his forefeet, being in other partes like "m
the former,excepr the throat which is blacker then any ofthe other before fpoken of and
thefe arenot bredde in Germany , but broughe thither from other nations. et |
A third kind is of a bright skie-colour (called Blawwfu/che) and chis colour hath gi- EDIT M
uenadifferent name to Horffes, which they call Blaww/chimmell, but in the Foxes it DELI QUT
is much more mingled, and thefe foxes which haue rougher and deeper haire are called i LE
Braudfuchfe. | —
The Mofcouians and Tartarians make moftaccount of the blacke skins becaufe their prin- if
cesarid great Nobles weare them in their garments: yetare they more eafily adulterated i
| . vandcounterfaited by the fume or fmoke of Torches made of pitch. The white and blewe, if
|. 5? chins areleffe eftcemed, becaufe the haire falleth off, and are alfo leffer chen the other:the hal
redonesare moft plentifull, and Scaliger affirmeth, that hefaw skins brought iato Fraunce i
by certaine merchants, which had diuers white baires difpofed in rowes very elegantlye ; M
v»on them, and in diuers placesthey grewalfo fingle. In Norwegiaand Swetiaas there are i yl
white Harts and Beares, fo thereare alfo white foxes ; In Wolocha they are blacks itis af- n nA
firmed by s:gifmundus Liber the vi&ure ofthe Croff.bearing-fox which is leffe then the: i
formeris heere following expteffed and fet downe. V 3 'The p
POT ANIMAE ME Ur ee
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The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
THE CRVCIGERAN FOXE.
2/1
IL Z / )/ Dn
QW yy NN NS
NS Yi N
Erpents, Apes, and Foxes, and al other dangerous harmeful beafts,
haue{mall eies, but fheepeand Oxen which are (imple, very great
36 eyes. The Germans when they. difcribe a good Horffe, they deci-
RS pher in him the outward parts of many beaftes, from whom (it fee-
y to him fhorteares,along and buthy taile, an eafieand foft treading
y ftep, (for thefe belong toa Foxe.) The male Foxe hath ahard bony
A/S v genitall, his taile is long and hairy at the end, his temperament or
conttitution is whot, as appeareth both bycaufeof his refemblance or fimilitude with
Doggesand Weafils,andalfo his ranke and fironge fmelling fauour 5 for being dead,his
skinne hath power in it of heating,and his fat or oyle after a deco&tionisofthe fame force
& condition. | *
The greateft occafion of his hunting isthe benefit of his skinne, for his flefb is inall
things likea Dogs,andalthough Galen, Mnefimachus,and Siluius affirme, that in the Au-
The flefh of
Foxes cuilto *
beeaten, — ing Cubs) thatis young, tender, and norfinelling : but. £tius and Rafs affirme,(and that
with great reafon) thatthieir fleth, and the: flefh of Hedg-hogs and Hares, is notagreea-
ble to thenature of man.
But theit skinne retaineth the qualities of the whot beaftbeing pulled off, by reafon
of thelong and foft haire growing thereupon ; and the skins of Cubs which are preferred
before the elder, are of leaft value, becaufe their haire is apt to fall off, which being thin
doth not admit any deepe rootings of thehaire. The Thracians in the time of Xenophon,
wore Caps of Foxesskinnes vpon their heades and eares, in the coldeft and hardeft win-
_tersyand from hence it commeth, that infome Authors the couers of mens heads;(com-
The vf of
their skinnes
monly called in Greeke Pericephalea) are termed Alopecia, or Alopecis: and for this pur- 56
pofe in Germany atthis day, they flit afunder the skin of foxes tailes, and fow ittogether
againe,adding to ita fufficient number till it be framed intoa cap: but the skin of the bel-
ly and fides is of more pretious eftimation, becaufe itis more foftand {mooth, and there-
fore is fold fortwice fo muchas the other parts.
Inthe Summer time the skinnes are little worth, becaufe that thenthe beafts aretrou-
BY bled
‘10.
meth) hepartaketh his generofity and froma Foxethey afcribe vn- 36
tume or latter part of theyeare, fome men vfeto eate the fle(h of Foxes, (efpecially be- 40
Of the Foxe... >, | 2.23
bled with the Alopecia, that is, the falling off or loofeneffe of the haire sand therefore then
alfothey are danngerous to bee vied, becaufe ofthat difeafes men which haue the gour,
fhrinking vp ofthe finnewes; or other cold fluxions of the Rhewmein their Legs, can ufe |
nobetter or mo¢, wholefomething then to weare buslins- ofthe skins of Foxessthe Sey- Alev.ab alex
thians make them fhooes,and foale, them with, the backes of Foxe and Myfe skinnes,)vp-
onwhichthey go. ‘Lhe Latines haue a proper, word for the voyce ofa Fox, whichis 'Guaz-)
nia Gannire,to Garine, and itis alfomeraphorically applyedto men; when-byferietching ,
| damoursthey trouble otherss as Terence in Adelph: quid ille gannit? Quidwult.? , And dnm ae
| — plantusallosGannit odiofus ompi toti familia, and, for this voyce did Mantuan.VV rite thisoroxcs, ;
| Lervertes) soo» diw nülos io: piogzod ,nbizicqo:
e bngsi! Putesvlutarelupos, gannire fagaces -vilpeculos, n
| Butyetas Albertus and Conflantinus hauc truely obferued, that. in the time of. his hun-;
| gerhe will barke like alittle Dogge, andthe Harts are greatly afraid of this-ganning of}
| Foxési = f5ü | On y] ilecsy cw alt ) '
| .Ithathbeenealteady (hewedintheftory ofthe Badger, howthe Foxebylayinghisex- | . :
|. crementsin the Badgers den, getteththe (ame zo his owne vie ;for the abode of Foxes ia E sep
the day time is inthe cauesand holes ofthe cirth;and come notabroad ul the night. Thefe earth.
| denshauemany caues inthem and paffiees in and our, that when'the-Tetrars fhalbfer 6/5.
| vponbim.inthe cart b,he may go forth fomeother way:and forafimuchas the VVolíe is am Opis
|. &o enemy tothe Fox¢, helayethin the mouth of hisden,an Herbe,(called Sea-onyon)which
isfo contrary to;the nature ofa, VVolfe, and hefo greatly;terrified thetewith, chathee Zoreaftres
willneuer come ineeretheplace where. it ether groweth orlyeth; the fame isaffirmed of Gills.
the Turdeto faue her young.ones, but I haue notreàd that VVolues willprey vpon Tut-
tles, and therefore we reiect chat as a fable. Ibn os: |
When Ariflomages was-taken by che Lacedembnians, and included into arocke or qua-
rey of ftones,he e(caped out oftheir .handes;by digging-another paffage out ofit then P».
where he was put i 5 faying, thatit;wasa (hame for a. man to haueleffe wit thena fox:
When they arein their deus, they lye vpon their bellies with their hinder Legges ftret;.
| ched forth atlength, like as a mah whei he fleepeth on his belly; and therefore it fcemeth
| go thattheirlegsaréfo framed to creepe and 'pierce: vnder the earth and dig out cheir way
| — aftertheirowne pleafure. à bl
- This js fuch a deuouring beaftthat it forfaketh nothing fitto be eaten, for it killech
Haresand Conaies,and with bis breath drawech fielde, Myce out oftheir holes like asa
Hart draweth out Serpents. with his breath; and. deuoureth them. Hedeuourethalío all
kind of Pullen, they alfo eate Grapes, Apples,and Peates, whereupon camethe prouerbe
in Plautus, Tam facile vinces quam vilpes pyrum come/t. Thou {halt as eafily overcome him,
asa Foxe eateth a Peare : which 1s applyed toany eafie or difpatchable butineffe. In _Ara-
bia yard Syria Palaflina,they arefo raucnous, harmefull, and audacious, thatin the night
by ganning and barking, they inuite one another (as it were) bya Watchworde, toaf-
6 femble in great multitudes together,for to prey vpon all things;and they feare not to car-
The foed of
Serpents
ry into their dens, old fhooes and veffels, ot inftrumentes of husbandry, :for which caufe,
when the husbandinen heare therof, they gather all thinges into their houfes and watch
them... : a
Butas it falleth out in all gluttorious rauening perfons, that. wbilethey ftriueto filtheir theharne:
bellies, they poifon their lives, fp al/o it fareth wich Foxes, for nature hath {o ordained, of Foxes. :
that ifa Foxe eat any meat whereiniare bitter Almondes, they die thereof, ifthey drinke a dentia,
not prefently : and chefame ching do Aloes in their meate worke vppon them, as Seal/ger
affirmeth vponhis owne fight orknowledge.Apacynon or Bear-foot giuen to,dogs,wolues, Serapio,
Foxes, and all other beafts whicharelittered blind, in fat or any other meat killech them,if
5° vomit helpe them not, which falleth out very fieldome, andthe feeds of this. hearbe haue
the fame opetation.Icisreported by Democrsrus, that if wilderue be fecretly hunge vnder
a Hens wiag ,no Fox wil meddlewith her, and the fame writer alo declareth for approo-
ued, that if you mingle the gal ofa Fox, ora cat, with their ordinary foode, they fhall re-
maine free from the dangers of chefe beafts.
r á : 2lari ^ : i wpon the Their carnal
When they engender aud admit cop ulation, they are ioyned like dogs, the male'y peste SUN
ee — — e:
i Iu tiec Basti $T Wan Ln
SERE T er e m
RE eva rer eii.
aE one
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224 The Liftory of Foure_footed Beats. |
female sandthe female when fhe perceiuech lier wombe filled, (hee departeth andliuech- — |
very fecret;for it falleth out very feldome thata female or Bitch-Foxe is taken great with
young. She bringech forch ordinarily foureata time, and thofe blinde and imperfe&,
without Articles in their Legges, which are perfectedand framed by licking, for Beares,
Wolues, Lyons, Foxes, Dogges, and Ti hoes which are Multipara and Multifida, chat is
fruitefull, bzaringe many at one cime, aad alfo Ciouen or flitte-tooted, into many
clawes, haue notche benefit of nature to perfect their young ones in their wombes.
_ Kytes; vultures, and Eagles lye in wayt to deftroy the Foxes Cubs or Whelpes. Fox-:
es do not onely engender with their owne kinde, but alfo with VVolues, Dogges,or any
other beaftes of equall proportion, both of quantity and time of going with yong, fothe '1e:
Latonian Dogsare engendered by a Dogge and a Foxe, and the Hyena, ofa Wolteand a
Foxe (as Albertus affrmeth ) and the Szmiuulpa of an Ape and a Foxe, asisalready inthe
{tory of Apes declared. i | 2i
There be alfo many euils wherewithall Foxesare annoyed, and firft ofall hefalleth >
The difeates {OMetime into madnefle as a Dogge, and the {ame euils follow a madde Foxe, which al-
ofFoxes. ready are manifeftedto accompany a mad Dog, and that more often in Summer then in
winter, | |
a ts. > NN hena Foxe feelethhimfelfe ficke, nature hath taught him to eate the gum of Pine-
ols : trees, wherewithiall he is not onely cured, butalfo receiueth length of daies. They areal-
eA, — lovexed withthe falling away of their haire, called therefore Alopecia, becaufe Foxesare 26 -
moft commonly vexed therewith, and as we fee in plantes, that fome of them dryeand
5 confume through want of moyfture to feede them, other are fuffocatedand choaked by
aboundance, andas it were drowned in humidity : fo ithappenethin haire, which erow-
eth out of the body of beaftes, and the heades of men, no otherwife chen plants out of the
earth,and are therefore tobe nourifhed by humours ; which if they faileand waxe drye,
the haire alfo (horteneth with them, andas it were rotteth away in length : but if theya-
bound and ouerflowe, then do they loofen the rootes of the haire,and caufe them to fall
_ offtorally. |
This difeafe is called Alopecia,and the other Ophia/is, becaufe it is not generall, buton-
ly particular in one member er part ofthe body or head, & there it windeth or indenteth 36 |
like a Serpents figure. |
Mychaell Ferus affirmeth , that fometime the liuer ofthe Foxe inflameth,andthen itis
not cured bat bythe vicerousblood flowing tothe skin, and that euill blood caufeth the
Alopecia, or falling away of the haire, for which caufe (as is already faid)a Foxes skin is lit-
tle worth thar is taken in the fummer time.
PR AS. The length ofthe life ofa Foxe is not certaine'y knowen, yet as Szwmp/rus and others
e length ^ai / :
ofther Lite, affirme, itis longerthen thelifeofa Dog. Ifthevrine of a Foxe fall vpon the graffe or o-
| ther Herbs it drieth and killeththem,and the earth remaineth barren euer afterward. The
fauour of a Foxe is more {trong then of any other vulgar bealt, he ftinckethar Nofe and
taile, for which caufe Martial calleth it Oldam Vulpem, an Olent or {melling beaft 49
Hic olidam clamofus ages in retia vulpem.
- Touching the hunting ortaking of Fóxes, I approue the opinion of Xenophon, whoa--
The huncing üoucheth, leporum capturam venatice fiudta quam vulpium digniorem y thatis, the Hun-
and taking of ting ofthe Hareisa more noble game or paftimethen the hunting ofthe Foxe.
Foxes. - This beaftis more fearefullofa Dogge thena Hare, forthe onely barking of Dogges
Aaah caufech him torife many times from his denne or lodgings out of the earth, or fromthe
middle of bufhes, briars, and brambles, wherein he hid himfelfe : and for his hunting this
Oppianus isto be obferued; that asin hunting of a’ Hartit hath beenealready related the Hunter
muftdriuethe beaft with the winde, becaufe it hindereth his refrigeration, fo in hun-
ting ofa Foxe he driue him againe the winde, and then he preuenteth all his crafty and
fubcill agitations and diuifes ; for it ftayeth his fpeede in running, and alfo keepeth his fa-
Beliferim. your frefhalway in the Nofe of the Dogs that follow him : forthe Dogges that killa Fox
‘mutt be{wifte; ftronge, and quicke fented ,an ditis not good toput ona few at once, but
agood company together, for be affured the Foxe will notloofehis owne blood till hee
hazzard (ome ofhis enemics,and with his taile which he windeth euery way, doth hee
delude
Varinus
$9
| | Of tbe Foxe. .—. 225 V
deludethe hunters:when the Dogsare preffed neere vnto him,and areready to bite him, Textors E
|! — he ftriketh his taile betwixt his Legs, and with his owne vrine wetteth the fame, and foin- |
| tantly ftriketh it into the dogs mouths, whereof when they haue tafled fo many of them
as it touchedwill commonly leaue offand follow no farther.
| Their teeth are exceeding (harp, andthereforethey feare notto affault or contend with
| beafts, exceeding their ftature,{trength,and quantity. Somtime he leapeth vp intoa tree,
and there ftandeth to be feene and bayed at by the Dogs and Hunters, like asa Champi.
on in fome fort or Caftle,and although firebe caftat him, yer willhe not difcend down a. fp/a”™ ‘
mong the dogs ; yea, he endurethto be beaten and pierced with Hunters fpeares, but at
length being compelled to forfake his holdeand giue ouer to his enemies,;downe he lea-
Gee peth, falling vpon the crew of barking Dogs slike a flath of lightning,and where he layeth
| hold there heneuerloofeth teeth, or afwageth wrath, til other dogs hanetorne his limbs,
| and driuen breath out of hisbody. |
| Ifatany time hetake the earth, then with Terriour dogges they ferret him outofbis |
denagaine.In fome placesthey take vponthem to td him with nets which fildome pro~
ueth, becaufe with his teeth he teareth them in pieces 5 yet by Caleszius chis deuife is allo-:
| wedinthisverfe: | |
E
Vr
'r laqueo Vulpes c decipe caffe foinas. juo
| ^? Butthis muftbe wrouoht vnder the earthin the caues, dennes, or furrowes, made of pur- ti
which isto be performedtwo manner of waies, one by placing the ginin fome perch of gi |
Wood, fo asthat affoone as thebeaft is taken by the Necke, it may prefently fly vp and |
hang him, for otherwife with his teeth hee will fheare it afunder and efcape away aliue:
or elfethat neere the place where the rope is fattened, to flippe vppon theheade of
' the Foxe, there bee placed fomethicke collor or brace, fo as hee can neuet:bire ic afun-
[m der ' L35: NUES |
| The French hauea kind of Ginne to take them by the Legges (which they call Haw/epi- . va hr t
edy and I haue heard offome which haue.found the Foxes Legge in thefame Gin; bitsiA noble in- bow
o ten off with his owne teethfrom his body, rather putting himíelfe tothat torment; with pens ee ph
3° hisowneteeth,then to expe& the mercy ofthe.Hunter, and fo wentaway.vppon three:
|... feet: and other haue counterfeited themfelues dead,reftraining their breathand winking;:
not ftirring any member when they fawthe Hunter come to take them out ofthe Ginne, :
who comming and taking his Legge forth, not fufpe&ingany: life inthem;ío fooneas »The fubtlety
the Foxe perceiueth himfelfe free, away hee went and neuer gaue thankes for his deliue--? apice
| rance: forthis caufe Blonds faith truely, thatonely wifeand olde Hunters are fit to take ; i mn
Foxes,forthey hauefo many deuifes to beguile men, and deliuer themfelus; that it is hard iF "|
to know whenheis fafely taken vntill he be throu ghly dead. i«g no ! I | |
They alfo vfe tofet vp Ginnes for chem bayted with Chickens in Bufbes and Hedges :i: li
© butifthefetterbenotat hand fo foone as the Foxe is infnared, itis daungerous but that hi
|? thebeaftwill deliuer it felfe. Infome placesagaine they fetvp an iron toyle; hauing in itd
| aring forthe foxeto thruftinhishead, and throughthat fharpe pikes, atthé farther end’ 4 |
whereofisplaceda piece of flefh; fo that when the hungry foxe:commeth tobite atthe:! MIL UE
meateandthrufteth in his head, the pikes fticke faftin his necke, and he inevitably infrias | "|
tl. Againe, for thekilling of this beaft they vfe.this:fleiglit, they take of Bácón-greafe-ot [ 1
| 5? Baconasmuchas oneshand, and roft the famealittle, and therewith annoint theirfhoe- TON n
226
The beaftcs
that are ene-
mies of foxes
Albertus
Gillens
D
*
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
and watcheth in fecret till the Beaft come within his reach, andfo giueth him his great
& deadly wound. | tQi95
- Butif che Fox be in the earth, and they haue found his denne then they take this courfe
to workehimout. They takealongthing like a Bee-hiue, and openat one end, and yron
wiers at the other likea grate, andat the open end is feta litde doore to fall downevppon
the mouth, andto inclofe the Fox when he entereth in by touching ofa fmall rod that (up.
porteth thatdoore. This frameis fettothe Foxes dens mouth,and all the other paffages
watched and ftopped. The Fox hauing a defireto go forth, & fecing light by the wiers,mif
deemeth no harme, and entereth into the hiue which is wrought clofe into the mouth of ro |
his den and being entered into it, the rodde turneth the dore faft atthe lower end or en-
traunce, and fo the fox is intrapped, to be difpofed of at thewill ofthe taker.
Foxes areannoied with many enemies,and to beginne with the leaft, the {mall flies and
called gnats do much troubleand infe& them, againtt whome the foxe vfeth this policie :
He taketh a mouthful of ftraw or fofthay,or haire, and fo goeth into the water, dipping his
hinder parts,by litle and litle, then the flies betake themfelues to hisheade, which hekee-
peth out of water, which the fox feeling, dippeth or diueth alfo the fame vnder water to his
mouth, wherein he holdeth the hay as aforefaid, whereunto the flies runneth for fan&uary
or dry refuge, which the fox percejuing, fuddenly cafteth it out of his mouth,and runneth
out of the water, by this meanes eafing himfelfe of al thofe enemiés. |
Inlike manner, as al beafts are his enemies, and hec friend and louing to none. fowith 20
ftrength, courage, and policie, he dealeth with euery one, not onely againft the beaftes of
the land, but alfo againftthe montters ofthefea. When he findeth a neaft of wafpesin the
earth, or in other places,as 1n Trees,he laieth his taileto the hole,and fo gathereth into it
agreat many ofthem, which he prefently da(hethagainft the Wall, or Tree,or ftones ad-
ioyning,andfo'deftroyeth them, and thus he continueth vntill he haue killed them al, and
fo maketh himfelfe executor to their heapes of hony.
His manner is when he perceiueth or feetha flocke of foule to flyeintheaire, to rowle -
him(elfe in red earth, making his skin to looke bloody, andlie vpon his backe, winking with
his cie,and holding in his breath as if he were dead, which thing the birds namely Crows,
Rauensand fach like obferuing, becaufe of the hatred of his perfon, they for ioy alight &
triumph at his ouerthrow,and thisthe foxindureth fora good feafon, till oportunity fer-
uing his turne, and fome of the fowle comeneare his fnowt, then fuddenly hee catcheth
fome one of them in his mouth, feeding vpon him like aluuing and not a dead foxe, and fo
. doth deuourc and eate him, asthe Leopard doth deuoureand eate Apes, and the Sea-frog
other little fifhes.
Inlike fort he deceiueth the Hedgehogge, for when the hedghog perceiueth the foxe
comming to him, herowleth himfelfe togither like a foote-ball,and fo nothing appeareth
outward exeept his prickles, which the fox cannot indureto take into his mouth, and then
the crafty foxtocompaffehis defire,licketh gently the face and fnowt of the Hedgehogge,
3e,
by that meanes bringing him to vnfold himfelfe againe, and to ftand vpon his legs, which 4° |
being done, heinftantly deuoureth, or elfe poifoneth the beaft with the vrine that he ren-
dereth vponthe Hedgehogges face :andat other times hee goethto the waters, and with
histaile draweth fithes to the brimme of the Riuer,and when that he obferueth agood boo-
ju hee caftethithe Fi(hescleaneout ofthe water vppon the dry lande; andthen devoureth
oAllkinds of Hawkes are enemies tofoxes, and foxes to them, becaufe they liue vppon
Carrion; and foin the prouince of Za. Auicen fawa fox and a Crow fighttogethera longe
feafon andthe Crow with histalentes fo bee gripling the foxes mouth, that hecouldenot
barke, and in the meane time fhe beat and picked his head with her bill vatil he bled againe.
The Eagles fight with foxes andkil them,and Olaus Magnus affirmeth,thatin the Northern
Regions they layEgges aud hatch their young in thofe skinnes which they themfelas haue
firippedoff from foxes and other beatts.
- TheKites,Vultures,andwolues are enemies to foxes becanfe they are al flefh-deuouring-
cteaturs,butthefox which hath fo many enemies, by ftrength or fübtilties ouercommethal
«hs 3.odyr loti: j : > ous 5 Where-
ee
Of the Foxe. 22.7 Wl | |
| Whereupon Per/ius calletha fubtill mana Foxe; faying,
Aftutam vapido ferwas [ub pectore vulpem.
The medicinall vfes of this beaftare thefe: firft, (as Plizyand Marcellus affirme) a Fox fod
| jinwatertillnothing ofthe Foxe be left whole except the bones, and the Legges or other T
parts ofa gouty body wathed and daily bathed therein, ic (hall driue away all paine and ou: ii boxte v
| griefe, ftrengthning the defectiue and weake members; foalfo it cureth all the (hrinking "
vpand paines in thefinnewes: and Galen attributeth thefame vertue to an Hyena fod in |
Oyle,and the lameperfon bathed therein, for it hath fuch power to evacuate and draw
| forth whatfoeuer euill humour aboundeth inthe body of maa, that it leauethnothing Bextir
‘ro hurtfull behinde. :
Neuertheleffe, fuchbodies are foone againe replenifhed through euill dyet, and relap- pp
fedinto the fame difeafeagaine. The Fox may be boyled in freth or fale water with annife ; v
and time,and with his skin on wholeand not flit,or elfe his head cut off, there being added id
to the deco&iontwo pintes of oile. 21 |
The fleth ofa Foxe fodandlayedto afore bitten by a Sea-hare, itcureth and healeth | 4/,,j jj
thefame. The Foxes skinne (as is already faid ) is profitable againftall moyfte fluxes in A wm
the skinne ofthe body, and alfo the gowt, and.cold inthe finnewes. The afhes of Foxes
flefli burnt and drunkin wine, is profitable againftthe fhortneffe of breath and ftoppings
| - ofthe liver. . Albertus
|4o The blood ofa Foxe diffe&ed and taken forth ofhis vrine aliue, and fo drunke, brea- Silanes
keth the fone in the bladder, or elfe (as Myrep/ws faieth) killthe Foxe and take theblood:
and drinkea cupfull thereof,andatterward with the fame wath thegenitall parts and with-.
inan hourethe {tone fhall be voyded : the fame vertueis in it being dryed and drunkein
wine withfugar. , |
| Oxyeraton and Foxes blood infufed into the Noftrils of a lethargicke Horffe, cureth AZjriu
| him. The fatisnext toa Bulsand a Swines, foas the fat or larde of Swyne may be vfed for
the fat of Foxes, and the fat of Foxes for the Swyties greafe in medicine. Some do heere-
with annoyntthe places which haue the Crampe, andall trembling and fhaking mem-
bers. Thefatte ofa Foxe and a Drake inclofed inthe belly ofa Goofe, and fo rofted, ,
‘30 with the dripping that commeth from it they annoynt paralyticke members. jon
~The fame with powder of Vine twigs mollified andfodin lye, attenuatethandbring- ug
eth downe all fwelling tumours in the fleth. Thefat alone healeth the Alopecias and loof- /£tiv | :
nefle of the haire ; it is commended in the cure of all fores and vlcers of the head, but the 1 tay |
galland fime with Muftard-feede is moreapproued. The fat is alfo refpe&ed for the cure Lino p MM
of paine inthe eares, ifit be warmed and meltatthe fire and fo inftilled 3andthisis vfed __ |
againfttingling in che eares. If the haires rotaway ona Horffetaile, they recouer chem you Ia
againeby wafhing the place with vrine and branne, with Wine and Oyle, and afterward dir. a m
:
j
Eo
Ges GA
dmm
E
à d
a
i 4
—
| annoyntit with foxes greafe. When fores or vlcers haue procured the haire to fall off Dee — fy)
from the heade, take the head ofa younge foxe burned with the leaues of blacke Orcha- . £¢ineta. bu NRI
nes and Alcyonium and the powder caft vpon the head recouerethagaine the Haire. da s |
Ifthe braine be often giuento infantsand fucking children, it maketh them that they li ENIMS
fhall remaine free from the falling euill. P/izy prefcribetha man which twinkleth with his ipt US. |
gies, and cannot looke ftedfaflly, to weare in a chaine the tongue ofa foxe ; and Marcellus Et lg
biddeth to cut out the tongue of aliue foxe, and fo turne him away, andhange vppe that L
| tongueto dry in purple thred, and afterward put it about his necke that is troubled with : |
| the whiteneffe of the cies, and it fhall cure him. lj T |
Butit is more certainely affirmed, thatthe tongue either dryed or greene,layedto _ Yt Li p
the fle(h wherein is any Dart or other fharpe head, it draweth them forth violently, and Dienst | NM. |
| — renteth not the fleth, but onely where it is entred. The liuer dryed and drunke cureth of- LM
| 3? ten fighing, the fame orthe lights drunke in blacke Wine, openeth the paffages of brca-
thing. The famewafhed in Wyneand dryed in an earthen potin an Ouen yand afterward
feafoned with Sugar, isthe beft medicine in the world for an old cough, for it hath bin ap- ne I
proued to cure it, althoughit hath continued twenty yeares, drinking euery day twofpon- n d
fuls in VVine. TAM JU
The lightes offoxes drunkein Water afterthey haue beene dryedinto powder; help- Pliny. nN
A acy
Sextas
Albertus
Bellonius,
Jfidorgs.
Uancentiug
Bellzac,
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
peth the Melt, and A¢yrep/ws affirmeth, that when he gatie the fame powder toone almoft
fuffocated ina pleurifie, it preuailed fora remedy. Archigene prefcribeth the dried liuer
ofa Fox for the Spleneticke with Oxymell:and Marcellinas for the Mele, drunke after the
fame manner; and Sexts aduileth to drinkeitfimply without compofition of Oxymell.
The gall of a Foxe inftilled into the eares with Oyle, cureth the paine in them, and mixed
with Hony Attickeand annointed vpon the eies, taketh away al dimnes from them, after
an admirable manner. Themelt bound vponthe tumofs and bunches of the breft,cureth
the Melt in mans body. Thereynes dried and mingled with Honie, being anointed vp-
ponkernels, take themaway. For the {welling ofthe chaps, rub thereines of a Fox with»
inthe mouth. The genitals becaufe of their griftly and bouy fubftance, areapproüed for
the difperfing of the ftone in the bladder.
_ The ftones take away pimples and {pots in theface. The dung pounded with Vineger, 1
by anointment cureth the Leprofie fpeedily. Thefe and fuch other vertues medicinal both
the elder and later Phifitians haueobferued in a Fox,wherewithal. we wil conclude this dif-
courfe; fauing that many writers baue deuifd diuers witty inuentions and fablesof Foxes,
vnderthem to expreffe vices of the world, as. when they fer a Foxe in a Friers weed, prea-
ching to a fort of Hens and Geefe, following the fixion of Archilochus Fox,to figmifie how
itreligious paftors in holy habittes beguile the fimple with fubtlity: Alfo ofa Foxe tea-
ching a Hare to fay his Credo or Creed betwixt his legs,and for this caufe almightie God
in his word compareth falle prophets to Foxes Ezek. 13. deltroying the young Grapes
and plants. The Weafill broughta Fox. intoa garner of corne through a{mall hole,and|
when he had filled his belly, he affayed to come outagaine at the fame place, butin vaine,
becaufe his body {welled with ouer eating, and therefore hee was conftrained to come
out as emptie and hun ery as he camein : whereuppon this conference was made betwxit
them :
Forte per anguftam tenuisVoulpecula vimam,
Repferat in cameram frumenti,poftaque rurfus.
Ire forasplenotendebat corporefruftra..
Cui muftela procul, fi vis ait, effugere ifthine
Macracauum repetes arcium, quem macra fubifti.
OF THE GENNET-KAT,
called Genetha.
His beaftis called Gezizocatus, either for the fimilitude it
l| holdeth witha cat, or elfe becaufeit hath beene beleeued
chat it was engendered by a cat, but I rather do affent that
theright name thereof's Ginetta or Gimetha, becaufe they
his name from the place. Albertus (thougha learned man
yet many times he was deceiued in the names of beaftes,)
called this creature Genocha, and the Germaines call iteia
Geamthkatz. The quantity or ftature heereof is greater
thenacat, burleffer thea a Foxe,and therefore I thinke it
about the mold or bignes ot a young Fox of fix moneths old. It isa meekand gentle crea-
ture, except it be prouoked , for in Conftantinople they are kept tame,andarefufferedto
goe vp and downefrom houfeto houfe like cats ; being wilde they loue the valleyes and
lowe places, efpecially the marifhes or landneere the waters, forthe fteepe rocky moun-
=
26
30
arebred ix Spaine withthe Gizzet horfles, andfo taketh 40
taines they cannot endure.Andthefe Cardantaketh for to be of the Weafill kind,becaufe se
the forme and difpofition thereof, efpecially tothe tameand Domefticall Weafill, and
in Spaine they are cald Fozzar being blacke and afh-coloured diftinguifhed and variably,
interlined withmany {pots.
But Sealiger who was delighted to contradict Jerem Cardan, cannot endure to heare of
this comparifon, betwixt VVeafils and Giznet-cats, becaule he faith, the skin ofa Gennit-
ta
paisbigger then 3. Wea-
fils,and thatit refembleth
a Weafill in nothing ex- Gr
: PETS
ceptinthe eares: but Car- AL
a os SE ~ z
dans cóparifon toucheth BO <= d
not the quantity but onc- 22977777 SERM
| m 0% YN
| ly the outward forme and i ia
Cad 4 ANA
| . qualities, andhe himfelfe i AR
| ; We ; Wy
| difagreeth not that itis e- | il ie
ni itv onto AMAA FARE ter
00 Odi eic eo a Or MANN S S
ter. But certainly the skin as NASA us
_ thereofis admirable and NY W SSS SSS ~
| : . S AS NON SNC MR ITNTELS
| beautiful tobehold ;and if S IRAN SAN
| they were not common P
y > E NND
but rare and fildomi found
beaftes, itis no queftion
butthe pricethereof and
due eftimation would ex- NN
cell many others: For the \ sd
abundance of fpots, their \ Zz
=
naturalland vniforme or-
7774
7G
rs
PPL Pe
22427 5
*
PPP
d
Lil A
trie
PERI
DE
12312772247
NC
|20
Zz
der, their fhining {plen-ZZZ
dor and brightneffe, gine 7 E
| placetonoother party OL, a
loured beaft, as you may ei aaa
obferue in the true figure
thereofhere declared.
Oftheskmmne.
| Inthenext place I haue alfo thought goodto expreffe the figüre of che skin taken off
|. which skinne, from thehea detothe toppe of the taile was about foure fpannes and one
39 palmelong, and the taile was as long as thebody being feuered from the skinne :'thela-:
|. titudeorbredth thereof in the middle, was about one {panne in breath the middle of the '
Y i -
de
à
oa b OE SER
ee
/ " t
Ht ! Mh
DUDEN
MA [ 4
HI Í |
i T
— i
emm
TL
— SS a ST
A em a
aM imum eus c
m.
E
rea
giai
AT
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts. °°
belly and the vpper part of the necke, were afh colonred,and in the taile were eight black
circles and fo many white, onc fucceffiuely followin
with blacke fpots,and the refidue yellowith white.
The skinne {melt fweetly and fomewhat like toa Mosk-cat,and from Lyons in Frawee;
they are brought into Germany, three or foure of them being fold for
probablethat it isa little kind of Panther or Leopard, for there is a little» Panther which
hath fuch fpots, and befides offuch a ftature and harmeles difpofition, whofe skin in olde
time was pre tioufly vfed for Garments;and chefauor thereof was very pleafant,and ther-
fore I fuperfeedany further difcourfe heereof, till we come to the declaration of the grea-
JA GOAT Maleand Female.
He male or great Goat-Bucke, is called in Hebrew Atud,
and the leffer ser, and Zeir. The Chaldee tranflateth it
Gen, 13- Teias-iay and Numb. 15, /ze, the Arabians Te-
ws and Maez;: the Perfians 4/feban and Bufan ; the Greci-
an, Tragos, of deuouring or rauening in meat, according
to the verfe : ,
| Tragus ab Edendo quod granafractapane. ——
Alfo Chimares and Ezarchan : the Latines Hireusjandfom- _
time Caper, which word properly fignifietha gelded-goat,
as Martialivfeth it in this verfe:
Dans iueulas.bircum factns es ipfe Caper. |
The Italians Becche, thé Germaines Beck, and for diftin&ion fake, Geiffbecke, and Reeth
Locks and Boeck , the Spaniards Cabron, the French Bowe, the Illyrians Kozel.
-. Thereafon of the Latine word Hirews,is deriued of Hirtus (fignifying rough) by rea-
fon ofthe roughnes oftheir bodies.And itis further tobe vnderftoodethat the generall
kind of goats (which the:Latines diftinguith by Hircus,Caprasand Hoedus)that is;by their
fex, or by their age : the Harbrewes cal them fin
for a goat ofa yeare old, you fhallread Jebeth/¢
word Oz4, the Arabian Schaah, the Perfian Buz, and whereas Leuit,1 6, Serr is put for Ca-
per agelded goate, there the Chaldee renderethit Zephirah, the Arabians 4tud, andthe
Perftan Buzgalate. Andin the fame chapter you fhalread Azazel, which Dauid Kimhiren-
dereth for the name ofa mountaine nere 5777, where goats vfe tofeedeand lodge :and |
the Septuagints tranflate it Apopompaion, fignitying emiffionor fending away,and forthis .
caufe I fuppofe,thatwhen the {cape- goat wasby the prieftfent out ofthe Temple, hee
wentto that mountaine, and therefore che word 4=azel feemeth to be compounded of
Ex,a goats &.dzal Iuit , thatis,he wents for the fcape-goat went & carried away the euil.
The Greeians cal the female goat 44ix which feemeth tobe deriued of Ez the Hebrew 40
word. The Arabians Dakh and Metaham, as] find in Auscen, the Saracens Az fe, the Itali-
Aviwusnus. ans, Peccho, changing, B. from the maleinto P. andthe Spaniards Capron;the Freach Che-
| rre ot Chieure,the Germaines Gerff, the Illyrians Koz4,and the Tufcanes at this day calla
female goat (Zebei.) And this may fuffice forthe names of both maleand female. —
Their natureisto be declared feuerally, except inthofe thinges wherein they aeree
without difference,and firft ofall: the maleisrightly termed Dux e maritus Caprarum
7s theguideand husband of the females,and therefore Virgill {aith ofhimnot improperly,
“vir ereeis ipfe Caper. The hee-goat is the husband ofthe flock :and except in his genitals
Their eue- and boms he differech not in any proportion or fubftance from the female. His hornes
. arelonger and ftronger then are the females,and therefore vpon prouocation he ftriketh ce
* through an ordinary peece ofarmor or fhieldatione blow: his forceand the (harpenes of
; hishornesare fo pregnable.He hath many attributes among thelearned, as left-fided, a-
ged, greedy bearded, fwift, longlegged, horne-bearer, captaine of the flocke, heauy,
rough, hoarf c-voiced, rugged, vnarmed, vncleane, ftrong-fmelling, lecherous, briftler,
wanderer vile, wanton, fharpe, ftinking, two-horned, and fuch like : whereby his nature
. andquilities are fo decipheredas it needeth no long treatife of explication.
gthe other the whole body afperfed
a Noble.It is very
ter beatt.
OF THE
—
The feuerall
ularly Ez, and plurally zzz, Nuomb.15 30
neth. The Chaldee vfethalfo the general ~~
The epithets
Tha Y.
As - x 0 USE
M eres
wA ct au
MCN ee Se og
]
€ VO rhe Goaten NM SUC | 231
There is nobeaftthat is more prone and giuen toluftthen isa Goate, for he ioynieth The veneri-
in copulation before all other beaftes. Seuen daies after it is yeaned and kiddened, it be- 2^ 1 Pon
ginneth and yealdeth feede, although without proofe. Atfeuen monthes old it engen-
derethto procreation, and for this caufe that it beginneth fo foone,it endeth at 5 .yeares, e4elianns
and after that time is reckoned vnable to accomplith that worke of nature . When theE-
gyptians wil defcribe fecundity or ability of generation, they do it by pi&uriüg of a male
| Goate. i Ui IRR NS 77252 am
| That which is moft (trangeand horrible among other beaftesisordinaryand common .....
| among thefe, for in them fcarce the Brother ioyneth with the Sifter, anda Camell can ^.
| vo neucr he broughtto couer his dam: but among thefe the young ones being males, concn" 7
| ERE arce V ig. co As Qobenella
| their mother,euen while they fucke hirmilke.- If they be fat, they areleffe venetons then b: AN
being macilent or leane. Herodotws declareth that in his timea Goat of Mez4efainEgypz,, 5
had carnal copulation witha woman inthe open fight of men,and afterward wasled aboüt^, — V. 5:
to be fcene.- When they defire copulation they-haue a proper voyce wherewithall (asit,.; — i-i
feemeth)they prouoke the femaletoloue. Thisis called in Italy Biccari, & Biecariewhich 4 — i !
*
j
]
| the Venetians apply toallecherous companions as commonly asa prouerb and this they. 7}
| neuer vfebutat thatttine. By reafon of his luft his eies fink deepe into the corners of their. ©
holes(cailed Eirqur)and Apuleius with other Grammarians do deriue the word Hireus wher- *
by thisbeaft is called;from that difpofition. |
4d 3
asi LE d)
| we »
feo By drinking fale water they aremade defirous and apt to procreation.Atthattimethey )
fight mutually one with anotherfor their females and itisaterme among thelate writers, ;
| to call thofe men Hirci-G oats whichare contented to permit other men to lye with their /
| Wines in publique, before their owne faces for gaine, becaufe they imagine that fuchis (ais
the property of Goates. But Ikriow not with what reafon they are moued heereunto, for
there is a memorable ftory to the contrary. A E
In Sibaris there was a young manne called Grathis, which being not able to retainé |
luft, but forfaken of God and giuen ouerto areprobate fence, committed buggery with 4 eres
a female Goate, the whichthing themaifter Goate beheld and looked vpon, and diflem- punithment
bled,concealing his mind and iealoufie for the pollution of his female. Afterward finding °! >¥ss*'y:
o the faid young manafleepe, (for he was a fhepherd) he made all his force vpon him,and
with his hornes dafhed outthe buggerers braines. The man being founde dead on this
manner, and the Goat which he had ravithed delivered of a monfter, hauing a mans face
| anda Goates legs, they called it Si/uauus,and placed it inthe rank of idoll Gods 5 butthe
| wretched man himfelfe was buriedwith more honor then befeemed, forthey gaue hima | |."
| Noble funeral], and finding a riuer in Achz1a which mingled water with another, they cal- ‘a By: 3S
led it Crathis;after che name of that vnnatural and beaftly monfter ; wherupon alfo came i E
the Italian Crathis which Strabo remembreth. By which ftory itis euident, that iealous j Hi à
riuality refteth as wel in Goats as in men of more reafonable capacity and vnderftanding. 42/77
| The females defire of copulation isno leffe then the males, for while thev fuck they ad- Strabo
|4g Mit the male, and atthe feuenth month they conceiue. The beft time of their admiffion to uj
|*- procreation is aboutthe end of Autumne (according to Celumella his opinion.) They are pl
| — notfilled the firft day of copulation, but the fecond, or chird, and thofe which are ioyned and their co- UTE
| in Nouember doe bring forth their young in the fpring whenall thinges grow frefh and Puation. fw UM
reene : wherefore if they chance to be flack,andnot willing to engender or couple,their Mun m" Poo |
keepers vie this fleight or pollicy, to procureand ftir vp their luft. They rub their vdders fir v, the i
| with Nettes vntil theyconftrain blood 8c afterward witha handful of falt and nitre, or elfe goats to ce- 4
| with pepper or Myrrhes after which rubbing, their defire of copulation uiuch increafeth, P^ ! i |
"andit maketh the female to prouokethe male and vndergo him morewillingly ; andthis | cj sous, !
| thing alfo procurethinthem aboundance of milke (as Avifotle affirmeth) he hadfeene Pa
le tryed by making experiment thereof vponthe brefts of Women, virgins,and widdowes: _ Lat ii
|” And generally all the keepers of Cattell doe heerewith rubbe their genitals , for the (t I
furthering and prouoking ia them carnall copulation, with the things aforefaid. BUT. i !
| They being filled and with young, they carry themintheir belly fiue monthesbefore Florenvians HAM
| deliuerance. Afterthree yeares olde the female ceafeth to retaine in her felfe or confer abe gne * ]
| to her Kids the ftrength of nature; and the male after foure, fothatic isnota part of good with young. 2 MN |
| X 2 husban- 1
|
| .
aces AE ee
SEDER Ee ea ES
NS
NN
NS
NS
SS
YN
i
NM
N
SN
m
A
Bey ye
RS
LU
, Lo
The Hiftory of Foure-fotted Beafts.
(232
AAR hte
AN SENSN y
ea ANI SANSA NS
Ww
—Hqau—sÓá— ————— — 008 DIN WWE a — EE
|
| 40
|
|
|
ro bring forth monfters like to other cattle(forallittlebeafts are more apttoengendermon-
2
Ue. Ofthe Goate.
2
|
"T2
5
husbandry to keepe their young which they bring forthafterthofeyears,but rather to kill
them and makethem away ; So alfo itis not good tokeepe their firftinges, or thofewhich +). atic
are firít ofall engendered, but rather the fecond or 3. feed of procreation. Some of them Boks Aa
bring forth twins, and fome more, as it isreported ofthe Goates of Egypt, which bring youns Kids.
forth fiue at atime, becaufe they drinke of the fruitfull riuer of Nélus : for the Goat-heards
of the country do giue thereof to their cattle, and fetch it into all parts of that region,and
in Ieria they breedtwice a yeare, bringing forthfometimethree, foure, or fiue at once,
but 3. atatime areneuer tobe kept, butkilled & eaten, for they are accounted not worth 4r/fztle
their bringing vp; onely cold maketh them to fuffer abortementes, and fometimes they Arifutle
Aelianus,
fters thenthe greater.) ^.
Concerning the timé that they beare yong, it is in Italy 8.years;and being fat they are Ihe ime of
not apt to conceiue, whereforethey make them leane before they admit thenito their iesing. :
bucks. One male is fufficient for ten femals, and fom (faith Varro) prouide but one for 1 ;-
(as Menas,)and other but one for 20.(as Marws.) Ther is no creatur that fmellethfo ftrong th. prone
ly as dotha male Goat, by reafon of his immoderate luft, and in imitation of them thela- (meli or fa
tines call men which baue flrong breaths (Hirezf/j) Goatifh : whereupon Plautus faiteh to 77 oes
: Ei : a Mercat.
an old lecherous fellow which could not keepe his lips from flauering of women,
Cum [fs iam etatis plenus anima foetida
Senex bireoly tuofculere mulierem.
And therefore Tiberius Ce[ar who was fucha filthy and greafie-{melling old man,was cal-
led (Hireus Vetolus) an olde Goate, in the Atellanican comadie . They conie&ure ofmen
that haue hairy legs to be vnchaft and fullofluft,by reafon of their fimilitude with a goat,
and thefe which haue fhril and clamorous voice, the Grecians cal(Margor )that is (Block- pj),
heads.) Thofe which baue cies like to goats they call Aegopoi Goat-eies, that is very red
cies. The Egyptians affirm that their femal goats when Sirius the ftar in the beginning of
dog-daies rifeth with thefun,do continually looke vpon the eaft, and that their attentive
obíeruation is a moft certaine argument of the reuolution, thatis the appearanceand de- Afecretin —
parture ofthe faid dog-daies. The like things do the Libians report of their Goates con- seals geass
| so cerning that ftar,and moreouer that they forefee and forefhew chaunge ofweather, for A45;
they depart from their ftables, and run wantonly abroad before fhowers,and afterwarde
hauing well fed oftheir owne accord returne to their folds againe.
Concerning the defcription of their feuerall parts, it is good to follow the direction of
Coffinius, firft to looke to their age (as 1s before faid ) ifmen defire to prouide Goates for The deferip-
heard-breedand profit, fo as their Kids may be like theru, and they beare young or conti- or BOs
nue procreation eight yearesat the leaft. And for their outward parts, lecthem be firme, properties,
great, well compacted, full of mufcles and the fuperficies of their whole body be foft and
equall, without bunches or indentures : therefore a thicke haire,two dugges hanging vn- Lorenting
der their fnout or chin, are good fignes of the beft Goats.
There are twokinds of Goates,one horned, & ofthis fort the long-fharp-horned-béafls , The feurrall
with broad foreheades, are the moft approued, and by the circles of their hornes their j^ ri
ageis difcerned :Batthe vnhornedare beft for breed, procreation, and milke,andfuch :
are the Ca/pian Goats, which are for the moft part white, flat nofed, and little ofgrowth.
Their ciesare very deepe in their heads, and therefore their fight fharp, ftrong, and con-
tinuall feeing bright and clearein the night, but the colour oftheireyesvariable,liketo 4,7,
the colour of their bodyes ; The males haue moe teeth then the females, forthe females Pjiny,
want their vpper teeth: Bat malesand femals}haue large beards vnder their chins,& this is
called Arnucus, (faith Eryngus) but the reafow heereof is, becaufe that when a Goat is ta-
ken by i beard and drawne out of the fold,all the refidue ftand amazed, and fo alfo when
any of tllem hath eatan Sea-holly (cald Eryngium:) fothat Ariffotle confo undeth Eryngis
um for Aymucum and fo taketh one for another. Once in Lemnos there wasa Male-goate
which had fo much milkwrung out of his papes growing betwixt his legs,that therewith
a Calfe by licking it, receiued the beeftings, but afterward the male Kid begotten by the
fame Goate had thelike vdders, whereat the owner being much amazed, becaufe it wasa
prodigious thing, for his fatiffa&ionasked aep the Oracle, from whom he anne
X 3 uc
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ifull encreafe of his aude . The fe-
{mal of their belly ,exce
e vnder their breaft or forepart of their belly,
Naxes the Goates haue greater gals then in any other part of the world
is held prodigious
he
: butin Cilicia and Phrygia
but plent
nexttot
g
, which the inhabitants fheare off eue
;in Chalcis the Goates haue no gall at all. They haue
d melt which thing no other horned-beaft hath
les haue harfher hairesthen their females,and the Libian Goat/es haue
longas womens,
The Hiflorie of Foure-ooted Beafts
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therewith the fhip-wrights make gable ropes
males haue two vdders vnder their loines
Goates and their vdders |
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| Of the Goat. 235 mu
| and makethe fluffe called Zambelet : and another kind of cloth called Mazhbaliaze. In 47a- Bellow, "A
| bia they make tents of cloth compiled of Affes and goateshaire, and it feemeththat cili-
| cia receiued his name of this kind of cloth, which is called in Latine Ciicium, or elfe that
) this cloth was firft inuented among them, wherevpon it receiued that denomination; but !
| among the Grammarians and Poets, Lana Caprina, (Goates wooll) grew to a prouerbe, to j|
|! fignifie athing of no weight or moment,as it is in Horace: | |
| Alter rixatur de lana f ape caprina Ji
Te | propugnat nugis armatus. 3
Thereare another fortof Goates which are called Syrian Goates, and of fome Mambrin |
| .. -Goates,and moft commonly Indian Goates ; becaufe they are moft. noble in that coun- ai)
| yo : : Sus : , s . — OftbeMem- 3E
| ^ ary,andthat in Coytha; and likewife in theRegion of Damiata, for Mambre isa Mountaine y, ot s; , i
neere Hebron, from whence it is probable, that the word Mambrin commeth ; wherefore an goates, Tod
Ihauethought good to expreffe the figure both of the greateftof that kind,as it was taken a
by-Antonius Mufa. Brafaualus, Phyfitianto the Noble Duke Hercules de effe;at Ferraria, | JM
by one ofthefe Goates brought thither to be feenc. MU
ETE | ^
|
NS ! nike
3° NE y i \ . | u
^ j me A i n i i TET |
| m | T3
j | 5 va
: i 7
i WM ii ; rh "
| NI WM À P B
T | MM) b 1.
ER oU LM it t1
fo. Ll b
: | 341 |
Zu Hefe leffer were found i neg
?«| pi&uredin anoldma- ij | |
5| nufcriptin Germany, : | i
which booke did in- AN NE QE i |
treate of the holy land. UA \ a bi (UM |
| Thegreater Goate I conie&ure to be == Mum
Ho thefamewhich Leo 4fer calleth Adi- GZ EL Cnt
| | p nem ,andis founde in Mauritania, YER t | titi
| 9" beingastallas an Affe, and hath very Zp — "E ul
| long broad eares pendant, and vnder EA BN TM
| them next to their neckes twothinges: à FAUT (ig
| like dugges or pappes, which hange [a= Bb
| downefrom their throate, and thefe UEM M 1 |
| are moft fruitefull in milke, and with A : ‘ 1g
| thefe the Libians plowe, and keepe EB : ae |
| | them in fteadofKieand other Cattle; "rne — T ett
See XUST € = : a
a ac
= Res eins
CROIRE. > " "s
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€
ERIS
ee
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a
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ear
sacar
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bx EL
EET
S. DELE T rre
comes
-
E
RE RC oae dd
Albertus.
How Goates
take breath,
Varro
The quicke
ferice of hea-
ring.
Horace
Alex. Mad.
The vfe af
their feuerall
parts,
- it:and in Summer, the raw fide, and fo the haire keepeth the funne from piercing his skin 45 |
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
for they milkethem, and oftheir milke make Butter and Checfe ; their haire is very fhort,
& they very gentleand familiar, fothatthe faide Leo affirmeth, that when he was a young
man, and loued thofe raf and wanton {ports wherewithall youth are delighted, hee gotte
vp vpon one of thefe, and rode quietly vponthe back of it abouea quarter ofa mile. They
keepe being wilde in the deferts of Lybia,and if at timethey’ ftray or wanderinto Namidia,
and the fieldes thereof, it is accounted by the people and inhabitauntes; a prodigious and
monftrous thing. sath
The leffer kind] conie@ture to be the right Mambrine or Syrian Goat, although fome of
the late writers callitan Indian Goat, the reafon is, becaufe (as hath beene faid) they cal al
firange beafts by thenames of Indians, ifthey findthem notin their owne countrey. The
eares of it are large and broad,as the pi&ure defcribeth, and {uch eareshauethe Goatesof |
Gallia-Narbon, being atthe leaft as broade asa mans fpanne, they are of colour like wilde-
Goates, their hornes verye fharpe, and ftanding not farre diftant one fromthe other, and
haue ftones like a ftone horfe, being in al other parts not vnliketo the vulgarand common
Goat. picks SOC: 3c
Some curious heardf{men (as 4lemaot and Archelaus haue deliuered to the world, that
goats take breath thorough their eares, and P/y/es approueth their conceipt, becaufe hee
had feenc an experiment of a Goat, that his mouth and noftrilles being ftopped faft, neuer-
theleffc he feemed not to be troubled for want of breath :and for thisalfo are alledged the
authority of Oppianus,who writeth of certaine wilde goats called (Argari,) that they haue
a certaine hole or paffage in the middle of their heade, betwixt the hornes, which goeth di-
re@ly vnto the liuer, andthe fame {topped with liquid VVaxe, fuffocateth or ftifleth the
beaft.
-.fthis be true (as Iwoulde notany way extenuatethe authority of the writer) thenit is
very likely that fome haue(without difference) attributed to all kinds of Goats that which
//was propper to this kindealone, for the former opinionisnot reafonable : NenertheleffeI
Jeaue euery man to his owne liberty of heleeuing or refufing.
There is no beaft that heareth fo perfeétly and fo fure asa Goat, for he is not only holp
in this fence with his eates, but alfo hath the organ of hearing in part of histhroate, where-
fore when the Egyptians defcribe a man which hath an excellent eare, they expreffe him . -
by agoat. There are fomekind of goatesin Illyria which haue whole hooues like ahorfe,and
thefeare onely foundein that Region: In all other Nations of the worlde, they are clouen-
ooted. | d
^ "[ hevfe of their feueral parts is fingular, and firfteofal to beginne with their skinne, the
people of Sardinia (as faith Nymphidorws) nourith goates for their skinnes, whereof they
make them garments, being dreffed withthe haite vponthem, and they affirme ftrangevir-
tuein them: namely that they heat their bodies in the VVinter, and coolethem in the füm-
mer,and the haires growing vppon thofe skinnnesareacubitlong, therefore the man that
weareth them in Wintertime,turneth the hary fide next to his bodie, and fo is warmed by
and violence of heat: And thisalfo is vfuall in Swexzaswhere the women weare garments of —
Suidas,
Carinus
Goats haire in the winter, and alfo make their childrens coats thereof, according to Virgils
faying in Moreto, . ;
Et cinct us villofa teguine Capra.
For this caufethe Merchants buy them rough in thofe parts of Savoy neer Geneua;andtheir
choyfe is, ofthe young ones which die naturally, orarekild, or els fuch as were not aboue
-. 2. yearsold.The Tiriansin the Perfian war, wore vpon their backes goat-skins. In auncient
Bayliuss
time they made hereof Diphtera,that was a kind of parchment, wheron they wrote on both
fides,and had the name in Greeke fromthat vfe: which Hermolaus by a metaphorical allu-
fion, ( called Opiffozraphi.)From the vfe of thefe in garments, came the apellation of hatlots
tobe cald Pellices, anda whores bag was called Penula-Scortea, fuchaoneis vied by pilgrims
which go to vifitthe church of Saint James of Calee,and fuch Carriers or foote-poaftes had
wontto viein their iournies,which caufed Martialto write thus ; | |
Ingrediare viam coelo licet [d fereno f.
An f[ubitas ni[quam {cortea depit aquae,
| * The
oe — — — — EE L
REX. uw 1. 4
4
|
Of tbe Goate. 237 TU
The Sandals which men were wont to weare on their feete inthe Eaft Countries were |
al(o made of Goats skins, and there wasa cuftome in Athens, chat men for honour of Bac- m
chus, diddance vpon certain bottels made'of Goats skins,and fulof wind, the which were —— "
placed in the middeft of the Theatre, and the dauncer was to vfe butone Leg, ro thein- Ha
|. tentthat hemight often fall from the flivpery bottels, and make the people {ports where- ait
| ynto Virgillalluded this faying: | | fl i
| eu Mollibus in pratis unctos faliereproveres. |
| "Theteiisalfo a Ladanum tree in Carmania, by the cutting of the barke whereof there yffi-
| — ethforthacertaine gumme, which they take and preferue in a Goats skin; theit vfe in war
! yo wherein the Soxldiers were wontto lie all winter, and therefore we reagthat C/audins the i
Emperourhad giuenhim thirty tents of Goats skinnes for his Souldiers attendant vpon ABO
| the iudges: and the Marriners alfo by thefe defended themfelues from the violence of 2 n
| ftormes vpon the fea :andío I leaue this part of the beaft with remembrance of that
whichis written in holy fcripture Heb. r 1. tharthe people of God in ancienttimes did fly
away from the rageof perfecution, beingapparelled ot rather me anely difguifed in goat
skins; being charitably holpedby the beaftes, that were cruelly putto death by wretched
men. (E 9 il | fostibs boo Tier
Inthe next place the milkeof Goats commeth to be confidered for thatalfo hath biu, M at
| ' is,and wilbe of great account for Butterand Cheefe, which the writers call Tyrepeeia and The milke of
20 Virgill celebrateth thefingular commendation bothof the VVoll and of the milke in thefe 99:55
verles; ie tern :
| Hat quoque nóti Cha novis leniore tuenda AIR YS l
| Nee minor v[ns erit quamuis Milefüs magno T | | | Nie! |
|» Vellera mutentur Tyris incocta rubores Du DNE |
Deufior bine foboles hint largi opta lactis . Uu TEE |
1
qo7 7 Quomaris exbanffo fpumanerit vbere mulefra Mae ih
| cO Leta magis preffis manabunt flumina manonis el " i d UB
LIntI Nee minus interea barbas incanaque menta vid abl
-^Cyniphs tondent hirci etafquecomantes — :
ge 3 V[us inCaftrorum : d miferis velamina nautis. |
Therfore their milk is profitable for Butter, although inferior to a Cows, yet equall tO À Toincreafe J Ln |
fheepes, and the heardfmen giue their goats faltbefore they be deliuered oftheir young, Goats milke 4 LUE I
for this maketh themto abound in: milke. Others with Goatsmilke preferue their VVine Albertus ii o P |
from corruption by fowrenes 5 firfithey put into their wine the twentyeth partfo moch ,.. is j ih
as is of the Wine, and fo let it ftand in the fame veffell coucred three or foure daies, after- the mille of NT i
| ward they turne it into afweet and frefh veffell, and fo it remaineth preferued from all an- Cotes.
noyance of foureneffe. Myrepfist i
Cheefes made of Goats milke were wontto be called VelabrenfesCafei,becaufeamong — . | x WM
o the Romans they were madeat Velabram,and that with fmoke, whereupon Martial made n TRIN, Y
this Diftichon ; | l qr ig
Non quemcunque focum uec fumum cafeus omnem MI
Sed velabrenfem qui bibit : tpfe [apit. ! tt ii
Ariffotleand Iulium Pollux doc commend the Sicilian Cheefe, which was made offhéepe H iM
| and Goats milketogether, and by Atbanews it is called (Cafeus Tromilicusyand by Simoni- n E
des Stromilius. Yn Rbstia of Helnetiathere are excellent Cheefes made of Goates milke 3 1
and cow-mile mixed together. The milkealfo ofa Goat mixed toa womans milke is beft Heryolans
forthe nouri(hment of man, becaufe itis not too fat, yet Galen faith ifit be eaten without i Re
Hony, water, and falt,i¢ curdleth in the belly ofa man like a cheefe and ftrangleth himsand ‘ in |
i
| 4
|
| 5o being fo vfed it purgeth the belly : from thence camethe fiction ofthe Poets, that Jupiter
"| _ wasnourfed by a Goate, and that afterward in bis warre againftthe Titames or Giants, he
| — flew that Goate by the counfell of 7hemés and wore her skin for an armour; and fo hauing
| obtained vi&ory placed the Goate among the ftars, wherupon fhewas called Aixourania, AU cO lE
|! — aheauenly Goate, and fo Germanicus Cajar made this verfe vpon him, and Jupiter bim- ee ie
| felfe was called Agiochbus ~. ' | Dd ud
qp ca Re OE
Lem
118 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Sow eaittavoU) ocio Sie) meme dllapntatur «isi coheed oP) |
Agiochus, 5: 9S Ao ato od à trix effe ouis fi were Inpitér infans oeil bis centbla $250 0 to obaa
OW Hnoxdw 3:3 hera Ctetasmulfüt falifümaGapri: en 2) 20% à 6is3152 nog ssakbbib wads
1 pou Sydere que clara gratumte]tatur alumpritts, io ho , la 3
The-fle(hiofinale Goats is not wholfome for mans bodys butzlie.(le(h ofa. female in the.
Ofthefeth {pring and fall ofthe leafe by reafon ofthe good nourif{hment maybe eaten without dan,
of Goats’ ger, They are worfe then bul-beefesbecaute they atedharperin cancoctionand hotter,
wherefore ifthey difgeftnot well; they increafé melancholy; . Thelinerofa Goatibeing
eaten, doth bring the falling ficknefle; yet being faleed agood {pacesand thenso¢dewith, to
Vine brautches gp other fuch broadieaues;to keepethem,alunder;;andfomewinepouy « ;
red intoithewater when they are almoftfod, they becomevery fwectand delicate meates
and thereforethe Athenians praifed. the Lacedemonians, that in thei feaftwhichthey, cal
led Copide;they {lew a Goat; and held ic fora deuitesmeat! (506: or) cogveem O
v Allo clromachus an Academickeof Carthage,relaterhiata,certainé Fhebane Champions
whieh excelled in ftrength all the Chanipions of hisdime,andthat he did eat contisually,
Goats llefh;foritis very ftcong and remaineth along feafon iuthe body;& doth much
good being difgefted, notwithftanding the.ftrong and ranke {mell thereof, otherwifeit is
dangerous ass already:faid, therefore Fiera having Commended the Kyddswhen hee
: commethtófpeakeofthe:Goat, he writeththus:: i 02253221930 5d lw Id. 2
od iso Cura male olet ficcat fit iam caper improbe 34b fit > ation r::51dsloo Wiens ag
Et Cadat ante focos victima Bacche tuos. *
But Pimy affirmeth, that ifa male Goat eate Barley-bread or, Parfoeps wafhed, the fame
day that he iskilled, then there is po'poifon in his fle(h: the ftones of a Bucke-goat, refift
conco&ion, and beget euil humors in the body : wherefore fucha.banket is cald in Greek
Aegineta. — (Tragos Hulsbertas) for Goats after. their.copulation, have an.euilk eth, not fat, but dry,
and the remedy to maketheir fle(h fweeter, isto geld the male.when he isyoung andten-
Albertus. er, for fo his temperature is amended by a'coldand moifl confütution.
The inhabitants of Portugalleat Goats'flefh, and accountt delicate meat; efpecially
fuch as dwellin the mountaines.In Germany they.inake.of it à kindiof meat which is cal-
led Klobvv/[f and is prepared on this manner: they,takea Goats, Hart newly taken out of 30
Textérs | bis bodie, and flit it into {mall peeces,and break fix Egs vpon it,and the crums of white
y bread, feafoned withfpicesand Saffron; and fo putinto a’ bagge, and{od or-neafted: af-
so gerwardthey areferued vpon the tablesarid ftrewed.ouer with kitohenduger. sce 19s
** sr The guts being f: altedarecalled (Hilla) which the Freach ftuffelike; pudinges;, and call
. SheméSzulei/fes) from whence commeth our Enelifhfawfadges of thisfewetand fatte of
.«: Goarsarethe beftcandlés made, bécaufeit is hard a&dinotouerliquyd . The bloode of
7**-* a Goathathanvnfpeakeable propestie,for it (coureth ruftieyron better then a file;it alfo
ui foftneth an Adamant ftone, and that whichno fire is able to melts fior yron tocbreak, be-
p siu; 38 offüch an inuiricible nature,thatit contemnedhalviolentthings,yetis.it diffolued by
bm ' thewarmebloodiofa Goat. The Loac-ftóne draweth iron, and the. fame!being rubbed 4o
with garlicke, dieth and loofeth that propertie, but being dipped againe in goatsblood, '
reuiuethand recouereth the former nature. Sas I |
Offhanes, pre{cribeth fora remedy of loué, the vrine ofa. Goate to be mingled with.
Spicknard and fo drunk by him whichis ouercome with thar paffion;affuring bim there-
-by that tlie fbal fal inas great lothing aseuer beforethey wer inloving.With.the hoofs
‘of a Goatthey driue away Serpentes,and alfo with the haires by burning and perfuming
Pallagdisd, them in the place wherethe Serpentslodge.VV ith theliornesofgoátsthey.make Bowes,
: for in Delos there was dedicated the horn of a Goat,which was two cubits long anda fpans.
Archaehines. and heereat ought noman to wonder, for that noble bow of Pandaras which Homer com-
mendeth;was made of a horne ofafemale Goat; o5. 1 dies soie 391
Africanus declaveth;thatin auncienttime they made fruitful their Vine-yardsby this
: meanes : they tooke three hornes ofa female goat; and buried them.in the earch with their
Va" ^ pointsortops downeward, tothe roorof the: Vineftocks, leauing.the hollowsops, ftan-
ding alittle outof the ground, and fo when the raine defcended:it filled thehornes,and
foked to the roote of the Vine, perfwading themfelues thereby that they, xeceiued no
{mall
¥
| | ^ Of the Goate.
final aduantagein their Grapes. The gaul of a Female-goat put into a vefleland fet in the
earth, is faid by Albertus to haue a naturall power ia it to draw Goates vnto it,as though
| they receiued great commodity thereby. Likewife, ifyou would haue whitehaires to
|" growinany part ofa Horfe ; (haue offthe haire andannoint the place with the gall ofa
| Goat, fo fhall you haue your defire. The Sabeans, by reafon of the continua'l vfe of Mir-
| theand Frankinfens, grow toa loathing of that fauour : for remedy of which anoyance,
| they perfume their houfesby burning ttirackes in goats skins. And thus much for the fe-
| uerall parts ofa goat. | |
|^ There were in ancient time three kindes of Heardf{-men which receitied dignity one
| ro aboue another ; the firft were called (Bucollsct) Neat-heards, becaufe they keepe the grea-
| ter Cattell: the fecond were ( Opitiones) Shepheards, of their attendaunce vponfheepe:
|. thethird, laft, and loweftkind, were termed, Aepoli and Caprary , thatis (Goat-heards) or
| keepers'of Goates, and {uch were the Zocrentians, who were called Ozolz, becanfe of
| i 2 filthy fmell, for they had the moft parte of their conuerfation amonge other
| eaties. : à
A Goate-heard orkeeper of thefe cattle muft bea fharpe ftearne;harde ; laborious,
patient, bold and chearefull, and fuch a oneas can eafily run ouer the rocks through the
Wilderneffe, and among the bufhes without feare or griefe, fo that he muftnot follow
| — his flockelike other heards; but goe before them : they muftalfo be light and nimble, to
! 2o followthe wandering goats, that runneawaie from their fellowes, and fo bring them back
againe, for Goates arenimble, mooueable, and inconftant, and therefore apt to depart
awaie, except they be reftrained by the heard and his Dogge. Neither haue Goatesa
Captaine or Bell-bearer like vnto fheepe, whom they follow, but euery one is directed
| — after his owne will, and heerein appeareth the pride of this beaft, thathe fcorneth to come
|. behind either catell or fheepe, but alwaies goeth before 5 and alfo in their owne heardes
among themfelues, the Bucke goeth before the Female, for the reuerence of his beard(as
eAlianus faith) the labor of the goat-heard muft be to fee his cattel well fed abroad in the
day time, and well foulded at night, the firft rule therefore inthis husbandry is to deuide
the flockes,andnotto put any great number’ ofthém together, for heerein they differ
3o from fheep, who loue to liuetogether in multitudes, as it were affecting fociety by which.
they thriue betterjand moumenotfo much as when they are alone:but goats loue fingu-
larity, and may well be called Schifmatiks among Cattell, and therefore they thriue beft
lying together infmall numbers, otherwife, in great flockes they arefoone infected with
the peftilence, and therefore in France,they carenotto haue Magaos Greges fed plures: not
| greatflocks, but many. Hc aus be eee
| " "The number of their flocke ought not to exceede fifty, whereupon Farro writeth this
ftory of Gabins a Roman Knight, who hada field vnder the fuburbes containinga thou-
fand Akers ofpafture ground, who feeing à, poore goat-heard bring his goats euery day
| tothe citty, andreceiued for their milke a penya peece, he being led with conetoufnefie,
| 49 proponedto himfelfethis gaine, that ifhe ftored his faid fielde with athoufand Milch- fe-
| male-goates, he alfo (hould receiue fortheir milkea thoufand penceaday 5 whereupon lié
added a&tion to hisintenr; and filled his fielde with a thoufand goates, but the eueiit fell
|. outotherwaies then he expe&ted:for in, fhort time the thultitude infe&ed one another,
|! andfoheloftboth milke and flefh, whereby itis apparant, thatitis not fafe to feed great
flocks ofthefe cattell together. © ks: v TEATRO WC: T AP MR
01 Tn Indian, in the Region Coitha; the inbabican's give their milch-goates dried fifhes
to cate, but their ordinary foodeisleaues, tender braunches, and boughes ofttees, aiid
alfo buthes orbrambles whereupon Yireillwrot inthis mguner: ^: ^ 777—007
Wer c7 C pafeuntar vero filuas c [umma Lycar ^—— MN
: 700577 merente[ate rubas cy amantes arctuadumeos. Senet ee ert Me
They loueto feede on che Molgtiines better then in the vallies and greene fieldes 5 al-
Naics ftriuigto licke vp the yüie or green plants, orto cliibe vpontrees, cropping off
ee °
IL
50
,
| ith their teeth all maner wild herbs, and if they be reftrained and inclofed in fields, then
| they doetheliketo the plants that they find there, wherefore there was an. atincient law a-
mong the Romans, whena man et out his ground tofarme he fliould alwaies p
[a A x E an
uid 25
P.
4
PE Spe ss on e
E ed
240 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
and except with the farmer that he fhould not breede any Goate in his ground, for their
teeth are enemies toalltender plantes : their teeth are allo exitiable to a tree, and Pliny
and Varro affirme, thatthe Goate by licking the Oliuetree maketh it barren; for which
caufe in ancient time, A Goate was not facrifized to Minerwa to whom the Olyue was fa-
cred. |
Thereis no creature that feedeth vpon fuch diuerfity of meat as Goats;for which caufe
theyare elegantly brought iu by Espelss the olde Poet, bragging of theyr belly cheare,
wherein they number vp aboue fiueand twenty feueral things, different in name, nature,
andtaft : and for this caufe,Eu/lathins defended by ftrong argument againft Défarius,that 10
menand cattell which feede vpon diuersthings, haue lefle health then thofe beafts which
cate onc kiid of fruite alone. They loue Tameriske,Alderne;Elme-tree;affarabacke;and Jj
atrecealled 4/atereus,which neuer beareth fruit but only leaues:alfo three leaued-graffe,
yuie, the hearbe Zada, which groweth no where but in Arabia, whereby it commethto
pafie, that many times the haire- of Goatsis found inthe gumbe called Zadanum, for the
peeps greedy defire ofthe gumbe, caufeth them towipethe iuyce fromthe Goates
Card. ee | | |
For the increafe of mike in them, giue them Cinquefoyle fiue daies together before
they drinke, or elfe binde Dittany to their bellies,or (as Lacuna tranflateththe words out
Arto, of Affricanus ) you may lay milke to their bellies ,belike by rubbing it thereupon. The wild
Goats of Creete, eate dittany aforefaid againft the ftroks of Darts: and Serapion auoucheth 29
by the experience of Galen, that goats by licking the leaues of Tamariske, loofe their gall,
and likewife that he faw themlicking Serpents which had newly loft their skins, and the e-
uent therof was that theirage neuer turned or changed into whiteueffe or other external
fignes thereof. - et ret ! :
~Alfo itis deliuered by good obferuationthat ifthey eate or drinke out of veflels of Ta- |
Conftantinus mariske, they fhal neuer haueany Spleen ; if any one of them eate Sea-holly, therefidue. |
ofthe flocke ftand ftill and will not goe forward, till the meate be out of his mouth. The
Grammarians {ay chat Chimera was killed by Bellerophon the fon of Glaucus in the Mountain
Lycivs,and the reafon heereof is, thatthe Poets fained Chimarato bee compofed ofa
Lyon, a Dragon, anda Goate, and in that mountaine allthofe three were kept and fed:for 39
in the top were Lions,in the middle were Goats, and alfoat the foot thereof Serpents. If
they füffer heate or cold they are. much endaungered, for fuch is their naturethatthey
auoideall extremity, and the females with younge are moft ofal moleftedwithcold.I£f — 3
they haue conceiued in the Wynter then many abortementes or cafting their young fol.
Achasus.
loweth. M F "
.; Inlike fort it hapneth if they eate Walnuts (and not to their full) vnripe; therefore ei-
| ther they muftbe fuffered to eate of them tefaciety, or elfe they are not to be permitted
Diofiordes tothem. ^ ov sek 8 vtm T,
~ dfatany time they eate Scammony, Hellebore, Lefferon, or Mercury; they are much
troubled intheir flomach, and loofetheir milke;cfpecially the white Hellebor.The publi- 49 |
cans in the prouince of Cyrene haue all the gouernment of the paftures, and therfore they
Pliny. permitnot Benzwine to grow in their country finding thereby, greate gaine; andifata-
ny time their. fheepe or goats meete with. any braunch thereof, they eate it geedily, but
the fheepe immediatly fall to fleepe andthe goates to Neczing. Agolethros and Sabine
are poyfon toGoates. ‘The Herbecalled in Greeke Rhodedendron,and may, be englifh-
cd Rofe-tree, is poyfonto goates,and yet the fame helpeth a man againft the vemonof
SIIDEOES ie ME Erie Sales ahi A Tiat a ; por sad
i» The prictle or fpindle-trec (called alfo Euonimus) which groweth in the Mount Ocey-
sius (called Ordymo about the bigneffe of a pine-apple-tree, hauing foft leaueslikethe — |
fame, andit buddeth in September, and the floweris like toawhite violet flower,this kil- $9
leth Goates, except they be purged with black Hellebor imediately after, they have eaten
thereof. The Egyptians when they, wil defcribe a man deuouring fheepe or Goats, they
picture the herbe Curi lage or Conyza, becaufeitalfo killeth them. Alfoas Clodryfippus a£-
firmeth they auoide Cumin, for it maketh them mador bringeth vpon them lethargies,
and fuch likeinfitmitiósen d 2i oes Rr 447 poner P id e
bite GSSG ETE -eüsftio21 2
Li | He
He orué
|
Of the Goate.
241
He auoydethalfo the fpettle of man, for it is hurtfullto him, and to the Sea-fith Scolopen- |
ara, and yet he eateth many venemous herbes and groweth fat thereby; and this alfo may eLliauns
be added, that Goats grow fat when they are with young, butby drinking of Honey they,
are weakened, and indaüngered of death. Concerning their drinke, it is heceffary for a
skilfull Goat-herd to obferue the nature of the beaft, and the beft time and place oftheir
watering, according to the faying of Fzrgill: -.... ouoid bap Shine o | |
i bar, ot
har 3g A sinet rin bela ——Iubeo frondentia Capris...
genes Hos tdrbnta fufficere e» fluuios prebere recentes..., red
1o Inthe, Summer they are to be wateredtwice a day; andat other times once onely in the
20
356
? anddie.Sheepe and Goats haue a natural forefight ofthe peftilence or murrain,of earth-
afternoonc: butit is reported of the Goats of Cephalenia, that they drinke not every daie. 4 iftotle.
like other goats, butonely onceortwicein fix moneths,and therefore they-turne, them- pe dye
felues tothe winde or cold aire ofthe fea, and by gawning fuckeinto their mouths or bel- Gece
lies thatwhich feruethithentvinftead ofwater » When the tin declineth, they lie andlooke
not wpon oncanotberbut on the-contrary,andthey which lodge inthe fields take vppe
their reft among their acquaintance. But if they be vfedtofoldor houfe, they remember
it; and repaire thitlieroftheirowne accord: which thing caufed the Poet to write in this
maner: tnoniur Lr wd s» | "
» Atqueip[amemores redeunt in tecta, [mo[que
Ducunt:éi graundo fuperaut vix vbere limen.
Concerning their flables or houfes to lodge infor their defence againft the colde, the
diligent heard-man muftobferue; that nothing muftbelayed vnder the Goat to lie vpon,
and ic is beft to make his ftable vpon ftones, or fome fuch hard flower, and the fame muft
bec:kept andtutned dric euery day from annoyance of their dung, for that hurteth their pui
heads.It is goodto fet the window oftheir (table to che Sun,and from the wind according Wb sali
to the counfell of Zze:// ; ‘ine "
> bon dr flabulaa ventishyberno opponere foli,
Ad medium conuer[a diem cmm fricidus olim
; Jam cadit extremoque irrorat Aquarius anno.
Although goats be ftronger then fheepe, yetthey are neuer fo found, for in buying and
felling ofthem,he was neuer accounted a wife man, that either hoped to buy, or promi-
fedtofell without fault. It was fufficient in open market places, when and where goats wer
tobefold, to promife, Hadze capras rect e effe c biberepoffe reas licite babere, that is, that
the day of their falethey were well; and could drinke, andthey were his owne, and it was
lawfall for him to hauc them. íau1b sd? ofseds. | T
/»Bütfarther noman was vrged, for (Archelaus fayth) they are euer febricitante, becaufe
their breath is whotter, and their copulation more fiery, and therefore their heardmen
muftnot be vnprouided of good and fufficieat medicine to helpe them, andnot onely a-
gainfttheir naturall difeafes but alfo theircontinual horn-wounds which they giüc onea-
nother by their often fightings, and alfo when they afpire to climb vpon fteepeand cra-
gy pointed rockes or trees they often fall andare wounded, infuch cafes they haue no
fuch Phyfitian as their keeper, whofe bagge and box muft beasan Apothecaries fhoppe
to yeelde continuall remedies to al! theiragreeuances. X
The beft meanes to preferue them in healthnextto a good dietand warme lodging,is,
to plant 4/y/fon necre to their {tabling houfes.And their continuall ague {poken of before
is profitable to their body, for when it departeth and leaueth them, prefently they perifh
Florentinus,
quakes, and of wholefome temperate Weather, and ofaboundánce and flore. of
fruites ; but neither of both (hall bee: euet. infefted by the peftilence, if you eiue
ES the powder of a Storkes Ventricle or maweone fpoonfull therofin Water euery
ay. y | n YOT10u0; 4
‘And whereasall otherkindofCattell when they are ficke confume and puleaway by Quinrilsns.
2 Y : little
c
— ative - - - x =
St ame inpatient
jose
2
~ Ete ~~
———
i4 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
— fittleandlitele jonely Goates perith fuddenly, infomuchi as vall tlaat are ficke atevisveco-
“erable, and the otherofthe flocke matt be inftantly let blood and feparate d'before che®
ife&ion ouerfpread all y afid the reafon of their füdden' death is?becaufe of their-à-
boundancéoffoode, which minifterth fpeedy (laxe forthe fire oftheir difealero bürie;
At füch tinies they muff not feedeall the day long; butonely thrice or foüretifnes a day:
be led forth to graffe, and brought in againe totheit flblesJ-. 969 03 50110555
Ifany other ficknefleannoy them they are tobe cured with reede,and the rootes of
white Thorne beate together with yron Peftles, and-mingled with raine Water, and fo
iuen tothe Cattell to be drunke : burif this: medicine helpe not, thesieither fell them a-
way ,orelfe Ribthena, and fale them till you mind to eatethem. Goatesare not troubled.
«eA with Licéor Nits bat onely with Tickes\ ho 2150€) 901 1233
o5. Theréigagertaine Witiécalled atelampodion, theteportis that one Melamposa (hep-
- herd lad ié revealed vntohim, to ourethe madneffe ofa Goates: itisimade of blacke Elle-
bor; and goats milke. Goats are alfo moléfted'and fubie@ tothe fallirig ficknefle anid this
isknowne by their voyce and cold moift braines 3 and therefore chéRoman prieftswere
commaüiided too abftaine from touching fuch beafts; orn forts
ic They atealfo t£oubled wich the gowts the Female-goate eafeth the paine ofhereyes
by pricking them vpon a Bul-rufh, andthe Male-goate by pricking them vpona Thorne;
and fo pituitous matter followeth the pricke ; whereby the fightis recoucred without a-
any harme donetothe Apples and from hence it is fuppofed, chat the Phyfitians learned
Achams. their Parakeutefrs pricking offore eies witha needle.
The Fernales neuer winke in their fleepe, being heerein like the Roe-buckes::'There
are certaineé birds (called Capri-mulgibecaufe oftheir fucking of Goates, and when theíe
or any ofthem haue fucked aGoate (he prefently fallethblinde. fat any ume fhe be trous
P liny -_. . bledwith the Dropfie, an y flue muftbemade vrider her fhoulder, and when the humour
: is auoyded, ftop vp the hole with liquid pitch. They drinke the feedeof Sefelis to make
chem haue an eafie deliverance of their younge, and for that caufe Columell prefcribeth
a pinte offodcorneand Wine to be infufed into their throates in that extremity ; their
other maladies being like vnto fheepe, we will referue their defcription and cure to that
Hiftory. : RYUR Veste ^ xoig cU
Tiefe Goates haue inauncienttimes beene ‘vfed forfacrifices,not onely by the So-
ueraigne commaunde ofalmightye God, butalfo by the pra&ife of Heathen people, for
their perfe& facrifice which confifted ofaRam, a goate, a Hog, anda Bull, wascalled He-
¢atombeand Trytts. 3nd VAR | (103232 'i eg 2r, mario eai
Thereafotiwhy Swine and goates were facrificed among the heathen, was becaufe
tlie Swinedig vp the earth with their Nofes, androoted out the Corne, they were facri-
ficed to Ceres and the Goats fpoile the Vines by biting, for which caüfe, they facrificed
him to Bacchus ; thatío the drunken God might bee pacified with the bloode of that
Beafte; whole hallowed grapes hee had deuoured : Whereuppon the Poet VVryteth
thus: ° (2 Ni | 1508 z'O10vr2b 3t $c
{i lue
,
IAS
nh Sus dederat penas exemploterritus borum. :
cd ^ palmite debueras abftinuiffe Caper ioilion
Quem fpettans aliquis dentes in vite permentem |... coi OG m
Talia non tacito dicta dolore dedit Pv
Rode caper vitemtamen hinccum flabis adavas i
on tuna quod [pargi cormua pofit,erit. 1 Siow of aoneoen
/ When they facrificeda goate in Graecia, they tried him by giuiag him Peafe or cold
"water to drinke, which if he refufed, they alfo refufed him for facrifice, but if lie caftédit,
theytooke and offered him, tar Yo bog
ov Martiallhauing feeneor rather heard of a Countrey prieft, facrififing a goate, and
being affifted by:aCountrey man, when the beaft was flaine the priefi commaunded-the
poorecountrey man to cutte off the flones, Teter vt immunda carnis abiret odar,to let
' thevnwliolfóme vapour ofthe vncleane flefh out of the body. Afterward the prieft be-
ing
20
30
$9
; 49 |
—— Bü — — À—
EN ||
" [3
^ Of the Goate. SN : 243:
ing bufieabout the facrifice,and ftooping downe to the carkeife of the beaft,his coddes
appeared behinde him betwixt his legges,the which when the countrey man faw,hee fud-
denly cut them off with his fharpe knife, thinking that the auncient ceremony of fafting
required this to be done: whereupon Martiall wrot this Epigram,
| Sic modo qui Tufcus fueras mune Gallus arufpea M "
| pumineulas hircumfactus es ipfecaper. .
| "The Mendefians worfhipped Goates both males & females; becaufe as they imagine they
| werelike to their God Pam. The Egyptians alfo deified the male goate for his genitall
|
Gral
members, as other nations did Priapus. The Gentiles hadalfo a brazen goate, where-
zo upon Venus rode in brafle, which picture they calledi(Pandemon) and Venus (Epitragia,)
| Ithinkechat luftcould:notbe better defcribed then by this emblem, for venereous per-
| fonswill fuffer their whoorestodoe any difgrace2vato them, for their carnall pleafure. :
| Andthus much for thefe male and female goates, now follow the ftories of the wilde ;
goates and the kids in order. ESESTENCELAESS
| f Spy IDs iwi
| UCoOFOTHBUGOATE CALLED ^
| by Puixsv.a.DirgRE.... sul ds
ET
r » ^) " dd Li LJ ? Y E LE
edrTe $^ - m m " à €. nei, "ir T : 1
» 5 1* 51 15 [ i? £4 i12 42 à si 3:351
Dorr CSS
[ /{f Nin nu (Ly,
7M i V
p OMe
£3 5 ‘ QU (Coa
NA r ; =
Here is no man that fhallfeethis beaft,bucwill eafily yeeld
|] vntomy opinion, that it is a goate & not a deere, the hair,
44 |, beard and whole proportion of body moft evidently de-
j| monitrating fo much;neitheris there any difficultie herein,
except for the horne which turne forward at the point and
not backward, whichthing yet {warueth not fo much froma
goateasfrom a deare, andtherefore can beno good reafon
toalter my opinion. Thereare of this kinde as Doctor Cay
affirmeth in the Northerne part of Englandsagd that figure:
| 3 whichis engrauenat Rowe ina marble piller being aremen-
| brance of fome hich p/iny fetteth forth; differethin no part from tliis beafts
|. defcriptionand proportion: Yet takeit that it may be broughtinto England from fome -
| 50 othernation and fo be {ene in fome Noble manshoufe; but that infhould be bred there,
|. * I cannot findeany monument of authoritie, but rather I conie&utéthe fame to bebred
in Spain.Of thefe kirids there are three Epigrams in martiall whereby is declared their
mutuall fights killing one another i their feare of dogges and their flefh defired:both of
menand beafts. .».) gl bas owol | bros 225 5o Kl aisdo
13 ae Ih
me eR IU sara qa oa rte ac -
oe
‘t
3
il
Ei
hu
4
v
Py
re
eee e
244
Varro
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The firft Epigram defcribing their wilfull fight one killing another andfo fanidg alabour
toche hunter, for they kill chemfeluestohis hand, is thus. 0000 sar roc bo reac
-Erentibus aduer/is molles concurrere damas, iv Ro idi 3u las
Spec auere canes pradam fiupuit q, [uperbue, quo19der :5nob sd os zi bertus
Vnde leues anima tanto caluerefurore ? WD ian Ses
A picis imbelles tenent quam ferta dama...
; dn mortem paruis comeurrere frontibus audent: :
. Widimus e fati farte iacere pari iT wu bow ads of oilers
Venator cultro nil fupereffe fno... | wA bib cactiga 1sda0 25 .215dmem
(, | Sit pugnant Tauri fie cecidere viri. (o sid nisbo:xsssw no
The fecond Epigram is a Dialogue {peaking tothe Emperour, who tooke caré to'enéreáfe
his game, feeing not onely men were enemies to them but they alfoto oneanotherjwhere-
vpon he writeththis diftichony)) 6 20) 2) est bn 11 201 dogm audi bad
Prelia tam tumidis quanta fit ixa feris 15530 niebul ods bas 231&01
Vis C afar damis parcere mitte canes. |
The thirde Epigram is a complaint of their weake and vnarmed ftate,hauing neither teeth
like Bores,nor hoenes like Harts to defend themfelues,} but lié open tothe vidlénce of all
their enemies: ^ 77. 2 wate
17 f*
Dente timetur Aper defendunt cornua ceruum
Imbelles dama quid nifipreda (umus.
IO |
Thefe ate ofa whitifh yellow colour on the back,and are nouri(hed fometime for the plea- E
fure, and fomtime for the profit of their poffeffors, for they wil fuffer hunting like a Deere
andalfobetamedfor milke like a Goat. Aud heereof I finde no other efpeciall mention a-
mong Authors befide that which is already rehearfed, - ;
OF THE WILDE GOAT, AND THE
figure of the Heluetian Alpian wilde or Rocke- Goat.
*
as
ee
"DE
A
VON ET
| Ilde-goats are transfiguredinto many fimilitudes, andalfo difperfed in-
to many countries beyond the feas and inthe Alpes, the pi@ure ofthe
Alpine wilde Goat is heere {et down. They are alfo to be found in Italy, in
themountaines of Fi/cela and Tetrtca infomuchas thetame goats which
are nourifhed there, are faid tobe deriued of thefe wilde goats; thefeare
| :calld.Czsthbian Goats, becaufe they arebred in the mountaines of Delos
called cinthas\ There are of thefe whichare found in thetops of the Libian mountainesas
great as Oxen, whofe (houlders and leges abound with loofe-fhagay haire, their (hinnes
{mall, their faces are rounde, their cies are hollowe and hard to be {eene. -
Theil
3e
49 |
sap
MEE
mw uot
Pe
Ww NEL S
1
EE |.
rto
20
30
40
$6
Of tbe Goate.
Their hornes crooking backward to their fhoulders; not like other Goats;forthey ftand
farre diftant one from another: and:among all other Goats they are indued witha moft
finguler dexterity ofleaping, forthey leap from one top to another, ftandinga great way
afander,andalthough many timesthey fall downe vpon thehard rocks, which are inter-
pofedbetwixt the Mountaines, yet receiue they no harme:forfuch is the hardneffeof
their members, to refift that violence,and of theyr bornesto breake their fals, that they
neither are offended thereby in head nor legs. " i
Sugh are the Geates of Soractum as Cato Writeth, which leape from Rocke to rocke,
aboue threefcore foote: of this kind are thofe Goates before fpoken off inthe Hiftory of
the tame Goat; whicharethoughtro breath out of their cares, and notout of their No-
firils ; they are very fwift and ftrong horned, the louebetwixt the Dammesand theKids
in this kind; is moftadmirable; for the Damme doth moft carefully educate and nourifh
her young, the younge ones againe, doe moftthapkefully recompence theit mothers
carefulneffe, much like vnto reafonable men, which keepe and nourifh theyrowne pa-
rents ín their olddecrepitage,(which the loue of God and nature doth enioyn them) for
(atiffa&tion of there owne education, fo doe thefe young wild Goates, toward their owne
mothers for in their age they gather their meate and bring itto chem; and kkewife they
runneto the rivers or watering places,and with their mouthes fuckevp water which they
bring toquenchthethirftoftheir parentes : and when as their bodies are Ruffe and vg-
lyetolooke vppon,the younge ones licke them ouer with their tongnes, fo makingthem
Ímoothand neate. | "
Anditfatanyumethe Damme be taken by the Hunters, the young one doth not for-
fake hértill he be alfo infnared: and you would thinke by the behaviour of the imprifoned
Damme towards her young Kids,and likewife ofthe Kid towards his Damme, that they
miittially contend one to give itfelfefor the other: for the dam forfeeing her yong one to
houerabout her in the handes of her enemies, and continually to follow ; with fighes and
teares feemethto with and per(wade them to depart, andto faue themfelues by flight, as
ifthey couldfay inthe language of men, Fugite sili infe[los venatores ne me miferam capti
materno nomine priuate s that isto fay, Runneaway my fons, faueyour felues from thefe
harmefilland-greedy Hunters, leaftifyou be taken with me, be for euer depriuedofthe
nameofa mother. The young ones againe on the other fide wandering about their mo-
thet, bleate forch many amournefull tonge, leaping to the Hunters and looking in their
faces, with pittifullaflpects, asif they faid vnto hit 5 we adiure you ( oh Hunters) bythe
maker of vs al, that you deliuer our mother from you rthraldome, and in fted ofher take
vs hir vnhappy children,bend your hard harts, feare thelawes of God whichforbiddeth
innocétits to be punithed, and confider what -reucrence you oweto the olde age ofamo-
ther; therefore againe (we pray you) let our liuesatiffie you for our dammesliberty But
oor creaturs,when they fee thatnothing can moue the vnexeráble mind ofthe hunters,
they refolueto dye with her whom they cannot deliver, and thereupon oftheir owne |
accord, give themfelues into’ the handes of the Hunters, and{o are led. away with their
mother. ; coma aioe
Concerning the Zibyan goates before fp okenoff which liue in the tops of Mountaines,
they are taken by nets, or {nares, orelfe killed by Darts andarrowes, or forme othierart.of
Hüriting. Butifatany time they difcend downe into the plaine fieldes they are noleffe
troubled, then ifthey were in the waues of forme great water. Andthercforeany man ofa
flow pace may theretakethem; without any great difficulty: 4 b3:5ed: vl
"Thegreateft ben efit that atifech from them istheir:slánneand their hornes ; with their
skinties they are clathed in Winter time againft tempefts; Froftes and Snowe; anditis a
common weede for Shepherds) and Carpenters. The hornesferuethemin fteed of buc-
kets,to draw Water out ofthe running ftreames; wherewithallthey quench their thirfty
forthey may drinke out of chem, as out of cüps s They are-fogreat; that no man isa-
bleto diinkethem offat one draught, and when cunning artifficers haue theharndlin gof
them;they makethem toreceiuexhreé times as imuchmore, 7 50 066 e
tl
vid ,
The felfe fame tlings are Wrytep ofthe Wilde Goates of Egypt, whdare faid newer
i 120 222 RUNI h | noni v3 ieee inicio vebodaro.erto
245
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The Hiftorie-of-Foure-footed Beafts.
tobe hurt by Scorpions: Thereis agreat Citty in Egypt (called Copzz) who were wont
tobe much addi&ed co the worfhip of ///s, and in that place thereare great aboundance
of Scorpions, which with their ftingsand poyfon, do oftentimes giue mortall and dead-
ly woundesto the people, whileft they mourne about the Chappell(forthey worfhip
chat Goddeffe) with funerallamentation : againft the ftinging of thefe Scorpions: the E-
gyptians haue inuented-a thoufand deuifes whereofthis was the principall: Atthe time
of theiraffembly, they turne;jin wildfem:goats naked among the Scorpions lying on the
ground;by whofe prefencethey are deliuered and efcape free from the woundes of the
Serpents, whereupon the Coptites doe religioufly confecrate thefe female Goats to de-
uinity, thinking that ther Idoll 74s did wholy loue them, and therfore they facrificed the
malesbur neuer the females.
Itis reported by Plutarch that wilde Goates docaboue other meate oue mealeand
figges, wherefore in Armeniathereare certaine black Fifhes which are poyfon 5 withthe
pouder or meale of thefe fifhes they couer thefe figges, and caft them abroad where the
Goates do haunt, and affoone as the beafts haue tafted them, they prefently die. Now to
the wilde Goatbefore pi&ured, called in Latine Rapi Capra and Capricornus, and in Greek
a Gargosyand Aigaftros,and of Homer Ixalon of the Germanes Gemmes or Gemmuff,the
Rhetians which fpeake Italian, call it Camwza, the Spaniards Capramontes, the Polonians
Dzykakozayhe Bohemians , Korytan[ki-Kozlik that is tofay, a Carinthian Goate, becaufe
that part of the Alves called Carinthia is neere bordering vpon Bohemia.
Bellonins writeth,thatthe French cal him Chambris, andin their ancient tongue rar,
thisis notvery great of bodye, but hath crooked hornes which bend backeward to his
back, whereupon he ftaieth himfelfe when he falleth from thetlippery Rockesor Moun-
taines. sich |
o: Thefehornesare not fit to fight they arefo fimall and weake, and therefore nature
hath beftowedthem vponthem for the caufe aforefaid.Of all othet-Goats this isthe leaft,
ithath red eies, buta quicke eie-fight, his hornes ate b'acke, being nine or ten fingers
longe; and compzffed about with divers circles, but at the top noneatall, which is (bar
and crooked likea hooke ... They arife atthe roote. Paralelwife, that is by:equall diftance
one fromanother, being hollowthe bredth of ones Thumbe, the refiduefolide like the
Harts2: 2 5 | : Y. ag
"The Males in this kinde differ not from the Females, neither in horne,colour, or pro-
portion of body : they arein bigneffelikethe common Goate, but fomewhat hier. Theie
colouris betwixtbrown and red. Inthe Summer timethey are red, and in the winter time
they are browne. There hath beene {eene of them which were white and blacke in diftin&
colour one fromanother, and the reafonsheereofis, becaufe they chaunge colour many
tunes inthe year. There are fome of them altogether white, but thefe are feldome found;
theyinhabitfor the moft part the Rockes or Mountaines; but not the tops likethe shecks,
neither doc they leape fofaras theforefaidgoats: They come down fomtime to the roots
ofthe Alpes;andthere they licke fand from the rockes, like as the village tame goates to
procure them an appetite.
oc The Heluetians call thefe places intheirnaturall tongue Fult<en,that is Salares : about
thefe places dothe Hunters hide themfelues and fecretly with guns,bowes,or other fuch
iffitumentes they fuddenly fhooteand killthem . Whenthey are hunted they ftepvpto
the fteepeftrocks and moft inacceffiblefor Dogges,by that meanes prouiding their own
fafty : burifthe hunters preffe after thenmand clime wpon the rocks;with hands,and feet,
they leape fromthence, frem (toneto ftone, making their waieto the topsof the Moun-
taines ;fo longas euer they-are ableto goe or climbe,and then they hange by the Hornes
oftheir heade; as ifthey were ready to fall, which caufed Martial to write thus:
dus vier: (on Pendenten fummaCapreamderupe videbis »
- ei nom Om s dir4fwram fperes.decipit illa Ganes. x qe o Sitti TT
“Where théPoetattributeth that to the Roe which belongeth to the wilde goat, and there
they hange many times till they perith, becaufe they.cannotloofe themfelues againe; or
elfe they are;fhótte with guns, or falldowne’ headlong, or elfe aredriuen off by thebun-
ers. From the day of Saint Iames they vfethemfelues to the coldeft partes ofthe Moun-
tains 2
29
————
30
49
5°
5 — — — ED
M
Of the Goate. 247
tains, becaufechey vnderftand winter isapproaching, making cuftome to be their fhield
againft cold weather: there haue bene fome of thefe made tame,fo that they haue difcen:
ded downetothe flocks oftame Goats, whome they do not auoide like the 75ex.
le in Eelsetia do giue it againft dizines in the head, becaufe thefe wilde goats oftentimes
feed vpon thefame, and yet are neuer troubled withthat infirmity, although they runne
| vo roundabout the mountaines. uli
Thereare hunters which drinke the blood of this goat comming hot outofhis body,
immediately after the wound giuen, againft thatficknes. The fat & milke ofa wilde goat
mingled together, haue cured onelong fick ofthe Ptilick.The wilde goats of Creer , being
wounded with poyfoned Dartes, runne prefentlyand eate of the hearbe Dittani,by the
| vertue and iuice whereof, they not onely auoid the arrow which fhicketh in their skin, but
| alfo death, and cure the poyfon. | |
| : Q Eos BEER XD.
».% Auing formerly difcourfed offeuerallkindes of Goates, now itfol- Ofthe name
^ loweth that we fhould alfo intreat ofthe Kid which isthe yffue ofa
BEL Goat; and firft ofthe feueral] names therof.It is called in Hebrew
NER) Ercdi, which becaufe it fignifieth alfo a Lambe, they put vnto it
ex Haifim,andthe plurall matculineis Gedagm,and the feminine Gedi-
JT Sy oth, Gen. 35. wherethe Caldeantranlation hath Gadeiz,the Perfian
(> f 3 Buf-kahale, or elfe Cahali bufan ; for the Pérfians render Cabalefor
vi VD e MAB sheer, in Hebrew Ba fan, for Z/im. The Septuagints render Erifon,
andvulgarly at this day, the Grecians cal him Eriphoi,but the ttuthis chat Eriphor are kids
30 of three or foure months old, and after that time voulltheir procreation, they are called
Chimaroi,the Latines calhim Hoedi ab edendo, from eating (asi/idorws faith forthen their
flefh is tender and fat, and the taft cherof pleafant. The Italians callit Cawretto, or Capret-
1o. and Cianerello ; the Rhetians which {peak Italian, 7/zo/ : the Spaniardes Cabrize, the
Varinus
3
French cherern,the Germans Git/e, or Kit/lem, the Polonians Kozrel.
Ie was a queftioa whether nature would fini(h her: parts vpona young one’out ofthe
dams belly, wherefore a trial! was made vpon a kid which neuer faw his dam, for vpon a
{eafon a diffexion was made vpon a Female-goate great with young, and out of her belly
was her young one taken aliue, fo as it could neuerfee the mother the fame kid was put
intoa houfe where were many boales full of wine, oyle, milke; and Hony and other ly-
|| & quid thinges : therealfo ‘lay befide bim diuerskindes offruits, both ofthe vine, of corne,
and of plants; atlatt this kid wasfeencto arife andftand vpon his feete, and as if fomebo-
dy hadtold him that his Legges were iade to walkevpon; he fhooke offall that moifté
|. meffe whichhebrought with him eutof his mothers belly, afterwardes he feratched his
| fidewith hisfoorejand then wentand fmelled atall the former veffels; and atlaft comming
tothe inilke-boule, he füpped and licked thereof; which whenthe behouldersfaw, they
| allcryed oucthat Hipocrates tule was moft erue, Animalium naturas effe indocf a5 that is to
| fay the natures of creatures are notformed by Art, but of their owne inclination.
| ""Thereis nothing more wanton thera Kid, whereupon Ouid made this verfe:
| | ?c splendidlor vitro tenero la[cinior Boedo: 9 ^ 97 4 Inos sn
| 1s They often iumpe andleape among themfelues and then they promife faite weather jbüt |j uus,
|
|
|
|
|
50
| NS they keep continually with the flocks and depart not from their mothers ,or continually
fucke and licke vp their meat: alfothey for-fhew a ftorm,and therfore they muftbe gathe-
red to dieit folds according to the Poets faying s ff rne fine modogue: | Tig o
v a pabula delbent cum tutas vefperadime ^ 221.025E 031GOW 9
),noosCampellatzaulas monftrabunt Ad fore nimbos. 110 2910089 26:
From thefe wilde goats bath that fame herbe(called Doronicum) and ofthe. Grecians, d
Dorenieu ,giuena name among the Germaines Genie[[eb Worts, that is, wilde-goats-herb, i n
being excellentto cure the Collick, and therefore highly efteemed among the Arabians sais j M.
Grecians,and Mauritanians.Itis hot and dry inthe fecond degree, and the countrey peo- |
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249
Anatolus
Varro
Palladins
Albertus
Arnoldus
The Hiflorie of Foure-fobted Beafts.
If Geefe fwallow the haires of Kids or Goats they die thereof. Kids areinotto be feparated
from their Dammes, or weaned tillthey bethree months old, at which time they may be
ioynedtothe flockes : they-are nourifhed when they areyoung after the fame maaner as
they be at ayear old, except that they muftbe more narrowly looked vnto, leafttheir laf-
ciutoufneffe ouerchrowtheir age : and befides their Milk, you muftgiue vnto them three
ipihbrcde gerens thetoppesof lentilestender leaues, or fmall twigges of trees: and
| whereascommonly they are broughtforth in twinnes, itis beft, to choofe out the ftrong-
eftheaded kid for the flock, and to fel the other away to the Burchers Outofthe rennet of
the Calues or Kidsis the Congulation.
There wasacertaine law (as appeareth by CERA in the bid a the ciuill Lawyers,
that fhooes fhould be madeofthe skinnes of Kids, asappeared by auncienr Marble mo-
numents at Rome, which thing Martzall approueth in: his verfes to Phebus ; fhewing how
_timealtereth al things and thatthe skins of kids which were wontto couer bald Heads E
now DUM barelegs; stheverfes are thefe that follow,
0 Ocdina tabi pelle Contegents ;
Nuda tempore verticemquecalua
Fefliue tibi phebe dixit ille
Qui dixit caput effe caleiatum.
Outofthe hide ofa Kidis madegood glue;and in thetime of Cicero they ftuffed beddes
with Kids haire: their fefh hath been much efteemed for delicate meat; & for that caufe
dreffedand trimmed fundry waies ; the beft Kids for meate hauebeen (aid to come from
Melos,or.Vobratia, ox Viburtinum, whicl neuer tafted graffe,but hane more milke in them
then blood ; according to the faying of Jauenall :
. De viburtine veniet pinguifimus agro
Heoedulus ce toto erege mollior nefcius berba
Hee dum aufus virgas humilis mordere falicti.
Fot this caufe they mayfafely be eatenall the yearelong while they fucke, both ofmen
of temperate andwhot conftitution, for they areleffe hurtfull then the Rammes, and doe
eafily difgeft,andnourifh temperately,forthey engender thinne and moyftblood,andaal-
2 fo helpe all. whot and temperate bodies , and they are at the beft ied as. they áre
neither. too olde , that. is aboue fixe monthes, nor. two younge that is vnder twoo
mene NES.
-. The red orfandy acieuted are thebeft, yet istheir fleth hurtfüll tothe Collicie.. Si-
meon Sethi affirmeth, thatifa man eate aida liuer before he drinkeinthe morning, hefhal
notbe.ouer drunke that day. Ce/rus.alfo prefcribeth it in the fickenefle of the Hol y-fire.
They are wholefome, fod, roafted, or baked; butthe ribs are beft fodde. Platina iid
one way whereby i it Was dicffed.à in-his time for a delicate difhe; they tooke fome fielde
Herbes and fat broath, two Whites of anEegge well beaten together, with twoo héades
of Garlike,a little Saffioà. anda little Pepper, with the Kiddes_ flefh, putall together into
20
a dith rotted before at the fire, vponafpitte (with Parfely; Rofemary, and Lawrelleaues) 49
and fo ferud out with that fauce, and fet it on the table: butifthey did not cate ic beforei it
was colde, itweakened the eye- fight; andraifed vp veneriallufi. 1 9-4) 34 blo
| Thebloode alfo.ofaKid was made.into a bludding, and giuen to.be eaten of chem
vihigh haue the bloody-flixe. They hatié-alfo deuifed to dreflea Kidde whot; andto fill
his belly with Spices. and other good thingse likewife it is fodin Milke with Lawrell, with
diuers other fafhions , which euery. Cookeis able-to pra&áfe without the Imonledge of
learnin "t
ABE thus.I might conclude ue dildomáe ok Kiddes. with a temerpbraunce a
their conftellation in the Waggoner. vppon the Bulles Horne; which the Poets ob-
véríet 03 10, ai cis dis ii:1:03 qa»
Quantus ab wdc Qenieus plusislibus, Hoédi.. H
Thefe Snares rife in the Evening aboutthe Nones of © Goberand in n Diskaberashey
were wontto facrifice a kid with wine to. Fauaus. Thereisa byrd called caprilus which is a
great deuourer of kiddes and Lanibes;andthe, farne: alfois hunted by a Dragon;for when
fhe .
$
. feruefor fignes àndtokens forethewing Rayo and Slondy meaebicrs eh em fo Mrd $9
Dum.
Of the Goate. 24:9
fhe laath filled hir felfe wich thefe beaftes; being weariedand idle, the Dragon doth eafily
fet v/pon bit and ouer take her. Alfo when they fi(h for the Worim feuen Cubits long in
the Riu Indus, they bait their hooke with a lambe or Kid, as isreported by 4e/i4nm 5 and
the-aupCientes were wont by infpe&ion into the intralsof Kiddes, to declare orfearch
into (hinges.to come, as Gyraldws among{t other their fuperftitious vanities rehear-
fetla, } Hi t : held:
The manifold medicinal properties of Goates come nowin the end of this ftory to be
declared, and firft ofallitis to bee noted, that thefe properties are feuerall; both inthe
Male; female, and Kidde ; and therefore they are notto be confounded, bur as the dely-
| 1o gence oflearned Authors hath inuented, andleft them feuerally recorded, fo they re-
|". quireat our handswhich arethe heyres of fuch benificiall helpes, the fame care and need-
full curtifie;- 12 Odom ET toot Hs
Thete are fome which doe continually nourifh Goates in ftables neeretheir dwelling digi dk
Houfes with an ópiniorithat they help to continue them in health, for cheancientes or- ciues arifing
dained that a man which had beene bitten or ftroke by Serpents, and could noteafilybe 77 vice
| curedthereof, fhould bee lodged ina Goates ftable. The haires ofa Goate-buckebur- tou
| iie and: perfumed inthe prefence or vnder a man whofe genitall is decayed it cureth serie,
| him. », L
| .. The poulder of a Wine bottell made ofa Goates skinne witha little Rozen doethnot
| 2o onely ftanchthe bloode ofa greene-wounde, but alfo cure the fame. The powder of the
| A Homewith Nitre and Tamariske feede, butter,and Oyle after thehead is (hauen by an- Phey
nointing it therewith ftrengthneth the haire from falling off, when it growethagaine aad
cureththe Alopecia, anda horne burntto powder and mingled with meale, cureth the ¢
chippings in the head and the fcabs: for taking away the fmell ofthe arme-pits, they take
the Horne of an old Goat and eitherfcrapeor burnethe fame, then adde they to it a like RR HAN! \
quantity of Mirrhe, the Goates gall, and firft{crape or fhaueoffthehaire,and afterward — | DEAL
rub themtherewith euéry day andthey are cured by that perfrication. DiofCorsdes H
_ 'Thebloudfryed ina panne, and afterwardes drunke with Wine , isa preferuatiue a-
ainft intoxications, and cureth thebioody-flixe, and the bloode in a Seare-cloath is ap- «ftiv»
3o plyedagainft the goute, and clenfeth away all Leprofies, andif the bloode come forth of
TEE
WE theNofewithout ftay, then rubbethe Nofe with this bloud ofa Goate. Itbeing fitted to i LAE
meate cureth allthe paines of the inward partes :being fodde vppen coales flayeth jx "T PN |
the loofeneffe of the belly, and the fameapplyed to the belly mixed with fine lower, and gi 4 |
| Rozen eafeththe paine in the fmall guts ; the (ame mixed with the marrowofa Goate h
which hath beene fedwith Lentiles cureththe Dropfie, andbeing drunke alone breaketh
the ftonein thereines, and with Parfly drunke in Wine alfo diffolueth the {tone in the 4 hy
bladder;and preuentethall fuch calculating grauell in timeto come. : H |
There isa Medicine called by the Apothecaryes Disina manus, Gods hand,againfl che TT |
ftone,and they make it in this maner.VVhen Grapes beginto waxe ripe, they take a new. Affertws, il M | :
earthen pot and poureinto it Water, and{eeth the fame till all the fcumme or earthy fub- | |
ftancethereof be eieted : & the fame pot clenfed, then take out of the flock a Male Goat t
of foure year old, or thereabouts, and receiue his bloodasit runneth forth ofhis flaugh- tira Aut
teredbody into that pot, foas you let goethe firft and laft {treame thereof to the ground ULP
and faue the refidue : then let itthicken in the pot, and fo being therein congealed, break
it into many pieceswitha reede, and then couering it withfome linnen cloth, and fet ita- i
broad inthe day time where it may gather dew, andthen the nextday fet it abroad inthe ii
Sunneagaineto exhalethe fame dew, (ifin the meane time there fall no raine) then let it i |
dry, and afterward make thereofa powder, and preferue itin a boxe, and when the euill | DIU SiG |
pincheth, vfe a fpoonefill of it with Wine of Creete,and Philagrias commendeth the ma- j IN
nifold benefit hereof, for he had often tryed it, and with a medicine made of an Affrican ui
Sparrow mixed with this, he procured one to make water, and to voida great ftone which
had notvented his vrinein many daies, and liuedin the meane time in horrible paynes, 4 M
and the fame vertueis attrybuted heereunto, if itbee annointed necre the bladder, and l "wd
!
i
||40
50
onc "9 &
^ ey, ,
250 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beajts.
one be bathed in the warme aire and fo oftentimes both the bath andthe ointment be te-
iterated, Marcellas teacheth how one may maketryall of the vertueof this bloody forif
hetakea Male-goatejand put him vp clofe feuen daies, feeding him inthe iieatie tinie
continually with baics, and afterward caufe a young Boy to kilhim,and receitiehis blo id)
inabladder, and putin the faid bladder {andy {tones like vnto thofe thatare engendeired °
in the bladder of man, within fhort time he fhallfee thofe ftones diffolued and fcarcá to
be found in the bladderof blood, by which he confidently affirmeth,chat norhing inthe
World is of like powerto remooue the ftone, but withalhe willethfome füpetfüirióus ob-
feruations, as namely that he be killed by a chaft perfon : and-omathurfday orfündayor
fuch like: butthe conclufion is thatthe faide blood muft bee dryed to powder in an Quen; M
and afterward prefcribeth thatthree ounces heereof, one ounce of Times one ouriceof |
Peniroyall, three ounces of burned Polypus, one ounce of white Pepper, one! otince of
Apianand one ounce of Loueage-feede to be giuento the party in {weet wine fafting and
hauing no meat in his ftomack vndigefted, and hauing digefte the medicine he’mufteat
refently. | ponmtb
Andtherefore ifitbetrveasall antiquity and experienceapproveth, that the Goates
blood breake:h and diffolueth the Adamant ftone, then much more(faith Jacobus Siluiusy
pi may it worke vppon the {tone in a mans bladder. The flefh of Goats deco&ed in Water;
“iid take away all bunchesandkernels in the body. The fat of this beaftis more moyftthena
females or a kids, andthereforeitismoftftrongin operation, to fcatter, diffolue, and re-
^ folue more then a fheep. hie sio ^
Dioftorides It cureth all fiffures in the lippes mixed with Goofe-greace, Rozen, Pitch; and the
. marrow cf a Hart. Alfo if one be troubled with {wellings in his Temples or inhis Legees;
let him vfe of this fewet halfea pound, anda pound of Capons-greace mixed rherewith,
and {preading it vpen acloth like a feare-cloth, let himapply it to the fore and it (hall help
Marcellas mightily. ; I el
e Alfowhen the necke of an Oxe fwelleth, it hath beeneprooued fora golden rem edy;
to takeandannointit with Goates-greace, liquid Pitch, the marrowe ofa BugieorOxe,
and olde Oyle, and may as well be called Tetrapharmacum, as that of Galen made of Wax,
Colemella Rozen; Pitch, and Goates-fewet. Alfo ifthe blood be fallen into Oxens Legges; itmuf 5. |
be let forth, or elfe itwill breed the mange s and therefore firft of all the place muftbe cut à
withakinfe, and then rubbed with clouts wet in fale and oile, and laft ofallannointed with
old fewet and Goats-greace. 3
Rafs "^ Two ounces of this Goates-greace and a pinte of greene Oyle mixed together, and ,
melted ina potte,and infufed into one that hath the bloody-flixe, cureth him {peedily :
md when the whot dung or fime ofa Goateis mixed with Saffron and applyedto thegouty
Pa ud members Hydropicke, it worketh vpon thema ftrange cure: and fome adheeruntothe
flalks of Iuy beaten; Muftard-feed,and the flower of wilde Cucumber,
The Lyuet of this beatt layed vppon a man that hath beene bitten byamad Dogge,
caufeth him neuer to be afrayd of Water : the fame being fodde, yealdeth a certaine ly- 40 |
quor, andforeeyes being annointed with that liquor, within twelue times recouer s and
drunke in (harpe W ine, and layed to the Nauell, ftayeth the fluxe; alfo fod in Wine no
. {cumine or froth being taken off from it, but permitted to ioine with it,helpeth rhe bloo-
Myrepfus dy-flixc. | | -
AN The entralles ofa Goate eaten are profitable againft the falling fickneffe. The Gall
M killeth the Leprofie, al fwellings and Botches in fuch bodyes, and being mingled with
hien Cheefe, Quickfiluer, and powder of fponge, and made as thickeashony, taket haway the
{pots and burlesin the face. » BM EB i o bugs 5 Wal
It alforooteth outand confumeth dead flefh in a wound, andalfo mingled with bran
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Of tbe Goate. | 251
| andthevrineofa Bull, cureth thefcürffe in the head. 42tius alfo teacheth women how to
|! concejuewith childe, if fhe dip a purple cloth ia Goats-blood, and apply it to her Nauell
|. feuen daies, andafterwarde lie witha man inthe prime and encrealeof the Moone: the
allofawilde Goatis commended priuately, for the helpe of them that are purblind,
| and forall whitenes and vicers in thecies sand when the haires which troublethe eyes be
| pulled vp, if the placebe anoynted with the gallof goates, the haire will neuer growe any
| more. | |
| - Themeltbeing fod, helpeththe Flix, and the Spleene taken hot out out of the beaftes
| belly,and applied to the Spleene ofa man, doeth within (hort time eafe itofall paine, ib.
xo afterward it be hanged vppe inany fume or {moaketo be dryed. Albertus and Rafis fay, redi
| thatifa man eat two Goats ftones,and ptefently lye with his wife, fhe fhall bring foortha
male childe,but if he eatebut one,then fhall'the child haue but one tone. The fyme de-
co&ed with Honny, and layed to vlcers and fwellinges, diffolueth or draweth them,
and minglcd with Vineger, is moft profitably vied to take away blacke fpottes in the
face. ^ 1 383 » Fn w borgnisd
And if hee which'is ficke ofthe falling euill doe eate thereof fifteenepilles, or litde grep,
Balles sit (hall procure vnto him much eafe. If it bee mingled with Moufe-dunge;toa-
fed at thefire and fpriokled with Honney, and fo anuointed vppon balde places, where
| you woulde haue the hayre to growe againe, and mingled with Vineger wherein a
20 fea-onion hath bin (teeped;and bound to the forehead or temples ,affwageth the pain of
the brain-pan. wos T.3 b "E
| The pattorall Cartbaginians, to the intent thatthe ‘humour flowing out at their Chil-
| drens nofes, may neuer hurt them, burnea vaineinthe!crowne of the head with Wooll,
whenthey are foure yearcold, and thereby they conceiue that they arekeptand confer-
ued in perpetüall good health : aad if when they bürne their children, ithey fell.into a:
| crampe, they eafed them prefently by cafting vppon them the vrine ofgoates. Whena Herodotus.
man isthickeof hearing, mingle together the gallof an Oxe, and the vrine ofarGoate;
and infüfed into the eares, although there bee in them a verye' mattery- fub-
| ftance. n E ] de)
igo Galen prefcribeth this potion to ‘euacuate that Water which lyeth betwixt che skinne
| by Vrine, if one drinke Hyfope Water and the vrine of agoat * Likewife it helpeth.
| the Dropfie, sand the dufte of an Elephauntes tooth drunke in this goates Vrine;.
| ie diffolueth the ftone inthe reynes and bladder, without all fearefull perill and daun-
| er. V 2113. sto vi2urob
| ~The medicines arifing out ofthe female goatare thefe, we findthatthe Female-goaty pyyy, . .
! and thedand toad being fodden together, are cures of fingular woorth for che difeafes-of É
allliuing foure-footed-beatts. The (Magi) or wifemen fay, thatthe right eie ofpagreche
| living Lizard, being taken outand his hedforthwith ftrok off and put ina goats skinis ofa
reat force againft quartan Agues. Theathes ofa goatshide befmeared ouer withoilés Pliny,
| 49 taketh away the {potsin theface. The fame afhes made of a goates hide, recouerech the
| — blifters and gals ofthe feet. The fhauiug ofthe Goates skinne, being rubbed withpum- Marcelisi >
mice (tone, and mixed with Vineger,is an excellent approued goodremedy forthefmal |,
| | Ls AD
*
| Ifa woman bleed ouermuch at thenofe,let her breafts be bound with a thong made of Marsellus
a goats skinne. The fame being fodden with the haire onit, the iaycebeing foked vppe;
| or lie in a goates skinne, ifat any time the paffion mooueth them toits yetitis hutt- ,,
| full fortheir heade, by reafon of the ranke {mell, and not for any other particuler priuat "D
| . caufe. 'sdissp50t (Clim
| a? Goats haires being burnt, do appeafeall yffues of blood, which being mixed with Avrelsauns
__ Vineger they are good to ftaunch the bleeding at nofe,and you may blow intheir noftrils dodidhA
| — goats haires burntand whole, andalfomyrthe mixed with goats haires fo burnt. The fame hes E
| — alfo burned and mingled with pitch and Vineger, helpeth the bleeding at nofeand being 5,41.
| putin the nofethey ftir vplethargies. — . boast Marcellus.
| $i: coc The Sextus.
flaieth the belly. It is not good for thofe that haue the falling fickneffe to fleepe Marcellas
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252; The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Pliny, The fauorof the Goats horne or of the haire doth the like, Goats dung in fweet. water,.
doth expellthe ftone in the body, fo doth the athes'of Goats hairein likemaner y Which
being burnedand brufed,and giuenina medicine, they doe mightily helpe and recouer
| the ftrangury. Itis alfo reported that Goats horne and the haires being burnt; will drive
Marcellus away Serpents: and their athes foked or annoynted, is very good againít (troles'or ftin-
ging of Serpents. | astbsoclo adr evi
P/izyen. To ftay the uxin the belly, take the hairs that grow behind on the Goats fitting place,
and burnethem which being tempered with beacen Barly and oile,muft be perfumed vn-
Hippocrates dera mans feat. | sdió:bsilaas Bag.
Goats fleth being rofted by the fire where dead men are burnt yis good for thofe that
hauethe falling ficknes: The fame isa good remedie againft the falling ficknes. Itis good
for fuchto abfteine from Hogs fleh, beefe, or Goats flefh. They that drinke goats blood
wax pale prefently onit,whichis excellentto get out fpots of any thing: tcalfo very sood
againftthofe that are intoxicat with poyfon;and therefore mutt be drunk with wines and
Marcellas being fod with marrow, it is good againft thefame difeafe, fo is the male-Goates blood.
The roote of finke-foyledrunke in wine,he'peth il humors.Goats bloodalfo,either ofthe
Difcorides — male or of the female, af wageth the inwards and the flowin gs orlaskesof the belly: itis
good for thofe that hauethe Dropfic, being tempered with honye,andalfo fodden with
marrow. Sio idit :
Somevfe it againft the bloodie Flixand paineofthe belly, being alfofodden with mar-
row,itis good againft the (ame difeafe. If you mix Goats blood with chifel Íteeptin broth
and alittie Rofin put into it, whereof makea plaifter andlay it to the belly or other patts,
and it recouerethany paine thereabouts. | j gil)
‘The fat ofthe male Goat is more fafter, and therfore good for thofe that haue the bloo.
dy flix. The fub{tance,ofa Goat is fat, yet is notthe fat of a Goat fo moiftas a Íwines, but
-. forbitings;& thofethatare grieued in their bellie goats fat is better then fwines, not be-
caufe it hath more operation in it to expellthe greefe, but by reafon it is thicke, whereas
the Swines greace will run about like oyle : neither is the fac of Kyds fo warine and dry as
female- Goats, neither the male-Goats fo fat as the gelded Goats, in Latin called(Hircusy
alfo female- oats fat is more bindingtheuthe Lallow of Oxen, but the males fat is good
againftScorpions made ina perfume. It isalío good for thofe that are poyfoned with
Freach green flyes called (Cawtharides.) Being tempered with wax it taketh,away the ftin-
ging of Serpents, it helpeth any biting or wound : If a womans breaft grieue her after her
deliuery of child, lether feeth husked Barley and fcallions, and the fatofa male-Goate,
4,5 Whereoflet her drinkea little. Againfttheach of the eies;take.Goatsfat and thee pstogi-
Ploy, XR ther, with alittlewarmewater. e^ ! | 1
Almofteuerie greef of the body if it be no woüd,wil be more eafily recouerdb y plaifters,
butifthegrecfe be asit were grounded, (orau old greefe) letit be burned, and vpon the
«oi placefofcorched, put Butter or the fat ofa male-Goat it will allo recouer and healkibes
Sextus
(hus,
Pl Py °
Mareellinus
Galen.
[972777 P
Gallen
and Chilblanes.It helpeththe kings euill, fo doeth the fat of the female-Goates helpe the 4°
Collerse!é:. fame difeafe The males fat mixed with Ar/eniete, taketh away the roughnes of thenails:
, italfo,iealeth thenailes ofthe Leprofie withoutany paine : itexpelleth the Cartharidans
^ * being applyed with the iuyce of the grape that groweth ona wilde Vine. This goates fat is
profitable:to helpe any about the ftaightnes of their mouths or lips, being tempred with
Pliny. waxit allaiethforesand blifters, and with pitchan d Brimftone it healeth them; andbein
applied with hony and the iuyce ofa brambell, it cureth the fi wellings arifiig in the hands
,., or fingers,efpecially in curing offellons. ... ..:. .~. '
s The fat ofa Bull well falted, or ifit be inanach.or gricfe, dipt itinoile without faltjand
| vis foafterthefame manneris the Male-goats fat vfed, which being tempered with rofes;ta-
;1€
24
3€
9vw^ Keth away the wheales or blifters that rifethinthe. night, being alfo dropped into theears jo
of onethat is deafe,it recouereth him. a
ec Ithelpeth the falling ficknes, putting theretoas much ofthe galof Buls;iuft ofthe fame
Aefeulapius ! weight;and feeth ic together, and then late itin the skinneof the gall thatit touch not the
«teet ground, and drinke it out ofthe water. Itis alfo good againft the ftinging of Scorpions
being applied with Butter and the meale of (Zea) warmed and wafhed with red Wine.
The
~ 3
|
i "
Of the Goate. Cd
| Thebroath thatis confe&ed of Goats fatfodden, is excellent for thofe that aretrou-
| ‘bled with the Pthificke, to fup nowaadtliena fewe, alfo it helperhthe cough being tem. eric:
eredwithnewfweet wine,thatan ounce may be put ina goblet & fo mixed with a branch
ofRue- It beingalío fodden with husked barly, eafeth chofe that haue fretting in the
uts. tira :
* Thefamealfofodden with barley flower and wine made of pomegranates and Cheefe,
| Jerit be giuen tothofe that are troubled withthe bloody flixe, and let chem take it wich the
| iuyceofhuskedbady. — ' ^
©. Rafisalfo faith that the fat ofa fierce Lyon is offüch fingular account, thatifa g'y- Dc; iae,
| ro fterbemadc ofit, with the water of barly fod, eitherwiththe water oftofted meale, and
| boyled Swmach,and fodiffolued with waxe, it isa moft pretious remedyfor thefwelling JR
| of theinwards. But Goats fat doth much help the griefes of the inward parts that nothing alee
| commeth forth but cold water: The fat of the Buck- goat many vie (being fod with bread Phinge We
anda(hes) againft the bloody flixe, and alfo the fhe-goates fat being taken out of her back Vou eA
alone beinga little cold, and then fupped vp : Other allow the fatto be fodder wich Bar- Rat:
ly flower, Cinnamon, annife,and vineger mixed together. The fame fat taken {o out of 1 tita
the backe mixed with batly bran; and Cinnamon, annife; and vineger, of each ofthema- Py. a
like and feeth thereof, and being ftrained giue it the patient that is difeafed with the bloo-
| — dyflixe, andit (hall moft fpeedily help him. | | |
| 2o- : Thefamealfo mixed with Pellitory and Ciprian Waxe, may be laideto the gowte.
| Alfo fodden with Goates Dunge and Saffron, and layed on the gout it affwagech the
| riefe.-: Hn Gs n ;
I The marrow of the Female-goate, inthe forth place next afterthe marrow ofthe r
Hart, the Calfe, and the Bullis commended of Diofcorides, but the laft ofallis the fheeps |
fat. The Harts is moft renowned ofall, next the’ Calues, then the Buck-goats, and Jatt of
all the Female-goats. To help the griefe of eies. Take the marrow of Goats, and annoyat | un
our eies; and it will cure them: Goates blood fodde widimarrowmay betakenagainft — t Wm iL
all toxicall po yfon. Eos : 59 2892) | WO a
| pliny faith, that theyr dung being annointed with Hony, is good forthe watering or ERE
go dropping ofthe eyes,and their marrow againft aches. The blood of Goates their mar- 52 b MN
row, and their Liuer, is very goodto eafe the belly. Goates blood fodden with the mar- i d M
rowhelpeth the blody flix, and thofe that liaue the dropfie,and yet Ithinkthatthe bucks P | HI Jl
is morceffe&ualand of greater operation fo it be eaten with maftick. Alfothegoatsmar- —.... I! |
row is good for the eies of Horfes. iis E bas ead -
The right Horne ofa Goat is of fome heldto be of more effe& then the other,which - I
[rather hold to be fuperftitious, whatfoeuer other reafon or fecret quality the Horne prj,
——— —
—
—— Y
Soe
Maresllus
a RT Res
€————
EE ut
Marcellus
a
EX
| may afford forthe bitings of Serpents, take Goates horne andburne the haires ofthem, . i | | :
| "andtheafhesofthemfoked in Water, and Goates Milke with the horne,and wildeMar- .. mr a
gerom,and three cups ofwineputtogether,an¢ being drunk againft the ftinging ofanad- | i 4 B
i 2 E
| ag der expelleththe poiton. - Sexiut, 1 UB
| 4 Theathes of Goates horne being all annointed with Oyle, tempered with Mirtle, i
ftayeth the fweating of thebody. Harts horne and Goats being burned and (if it berequi.
fite; is good to wath theteeth withall, and it will make them looke white, and the gums
foft. It isalfo good againftthe bloody-flixe, and watering ofthe eyes in. regard they are RUM D.
|
| moftvfuall, | 3
| °Yerthey neither affwage the gricfesnor confume them, which are of a could and m"
dry nature: Hartshorne being burnt as alfoa Goates horne, taketh away bitings.Goates c. B
dungorthehorne being burnttoathes, and dipped in vineger, ftoppeth the blood. The |
———R—
CNN pm T Xr
| corrupt blood chat commeth out ofthe Lyuer ofa Bucke-Goateis more effe&uall andof dod
LE betteroperation, and the afhes of a Goates horne or dung foked in Wineorvineger — — i a
! *" andannoint the Noftrils, ftayeth: bleeding atthe Nofe . Goates Horne being burned pir; M
| at the end, andthe pieces or fcorchinges that rife thereof, muftbe fhakenintoanewvef-^ . a v RM
| fell vntillthehorne be quite confirmed, then beateand bruife them with vineger made it a ARTE
| of Sea-onyons, and anoint the euill called Saint Anthonies fire, and it is ofa miraculous " Th (Na
| Operation. a | MS
| ; 7. It 1 iy mu
ee.
254. The Hiftory.of Foure-footed Beafts.
Sextus It will make onefleepe that is troubled: with the weakeneffe of his headand watchin g,
if ithe layed vnder their pillow. Itbeing mixed with bran and oyle of mitte, it keepeth
the haires faft that are falling off the head. The fauour of the Horne burned deferieth the
falling ficknes,fo doth the {mell of the intrals ofa Goat or the liner eaten:likewife it raifeth
vpa lethargick man. They vfealfo the hornes of Harts and Goats to make white the teeth
and to faften thegums.. The fame fhorne or fhaven into mixt Hony, repréffech the luxe
of the belly : Inthe paine ofthe belly perfume the fhauings of the fame, mingled withoile
&burned barly,the fame perfume is good to be laid vponthe vicers of horfes. The hoofes
of Goatsare prefcribed by Palladius tobe burned for the driuing away of Serpentes, and
the duft of them putinto vineger cureth the Alopecias, The duftof their hoofes is good to
rub the teeth withall, alfo to driueaway the fwellings inthe difeafe called S. Authonies fire.
Burne the foote ofthe Goatewith the horne, and referue the duft thereof in a boxe, and
; when you will vfe itwette the place, firft with Wine, and afterwardes caft on the pow-
deri 5425: | | Id sd ,
Theiuy.ce ofa goates head fod with haire, is commended for burftneffein the belly,
and che ancient Magicians gaue the braine of the goats to little infants againft the falling
fickneffe, but preffed through a goldering, che {ame cureth carbunckles in the belly be-
ingtakenwith Hony. |... | hated Bere. si
Ifthe body or head bee rubbed withthat Water or meate which falleth out ofthe
mouth efagoate, mingled with hony and falt they kill all kindeof Lice, andthefame
thing giveth remedy to the paine of the belly, but ifit be taken ouermuch it purgeth. The
broath of the entrals to be gargarized in themouth,cureth the exulceration of the toung
and arteries.:, i
The Lyuer ofthe Female-goate fodde and eaten is giuen againft the falling euill;
andtaketh from them: conuulfion, and with the liquor thereof after it is fod itis good |
to annoine the pur-blinde eies, alfo it is good to holde the eyes open ouer it while
itfeetheth and to receiue into them the fume,and the reafon heerofis becaufe that goats
feeas perfectly inthe nightas in the day time, and therefore Cel/ws faith, thatthis medi- .
cine is moftagreeable to them that cannot fee arallinthenight, as'it hapneth towomen |
whofe monethly courfesare ftopped, and then itis good for themto annoint theyr eies
with the blood ofa Goate, and eate the liner fod or rofted. The pouderofthe lier burnd,
purged and drunke in wine ,cureth the collicke.
Yraltanas ~ AEawomarin trauell or with childebe {wollen vp, let hertake a Goats liuerrowled in
' .., warmeafhes,and let her eat it in foure daies, and drinkeold wine thereunto, fo (hall (he
—' bcdelinered. The gallis contrary toall poyfoned Witch-craft made vpponthe rufticke
_ 5 Weafill, andifthe Kings euillbe dayly touchedtherewith atthe beginning, it willkeepe
Pliny, ^ itfromouer-fpreading;and with beaten Alum it difperfeth {cabs: The old Magicians wer
Marcellus, Wont to fay, that when aman rubbed his eies when he lay down,and put it vnderneath his
- pillow; he fhould fleepe foundly, it driueth away fcabbes inthe head ifit be mingled with
wo fullerschaulke, fo as the haires may dry alittle, and the fame with Honey helpeththeeies, 46
according to the faying of Serenus > |
28 | |
Galen.
Dicfcorides
EI
|
|
|
|
[y
- Hybteimellis faccieum felle caprino
Subueniunt oculis diracaligine pref.
The Phyfitians in application heereofto the cure of eyes take many ways, and mix it with
other drugs,as when they giueitagainft wbiteneffe in the eyes with Hellebore, againfte
wounds and pin and webs with wine, and againft the broken tunicles witha womans milk,
and therefore Ra/is and Albertus do iufily call the gal ofa goatan eie-falue, andalfo bee-
ing inftilled into the eares when they are ful of paine, it cureth them, firft mingling itwith: s
Marcellas. a {crupleof Hony in an earthen fheard, and foinfufing it into theeare, and fhutting it in
with alittle wooll.
Alfo
/
a
Of the (oa
te. 255
Alfoallthepainesin the earesare cured by the ftalkes or iuyce ofleekes, gall of Goats,
and fweete water ; andif there beany rupture inthe eare then vfe therewith a Womans
milke, or warme oyle o
cy iris profitableto vie
quantities of this gal,o
Frofes: likewife againft the cankers inthe gums, and the Squinan-
itwith Hony. For alltumors or fwellingsinthenecke, take equall
f Goofe-greafe,
The fame withthe iuyce of Cyclamyne and alideal
ing well dipped therein and bound to the
reth the faults in the feat by anointment,
o Poetin this verfe s
and the yolke ofan Egge,and thefe being allming-
led together let the offended place be rubbed therewith.
um loofench the belly,and Wool be- Marcellus
Nauell ofthe belly, exoelleth the worms, it cu-
ithath alfo another vertue in it exprefied by the
; Languidus antique purgatur pens Iaccho.
Ac fuper illi ntur facundefelle capella.
The melt fod cureth the bloody-flixe,
is good for them that cánotcontaine vrine in their
being drunk in wine of w
and the bladder burntand giuenin poffet drinke
fleepe,& thefecunds ofafemalegoat Sextus
omen after their deliuery,cieð & cafteth forth their fecun ds Plinses
alfo. The milkeis many waiesauaileable, for Demeratesthe Phyfitian in the recouery of
Confidiathe daughter of Seruiliusw
20 fealon which he fed with Lentiles: fea-crabs
hich had beene Confull, vfedthe milke of Goats along
mixed with this milke, expelleth poyfom, and
the rft milke of a Goat which is milked from her after the weaning of the Kid drunke by
him that hacha quartaneague, eafeth th
gaue as much dunge
infufing into their chapsthe milke of goates : t
milke ftayeth bleeding.
The holy fireisad
touch them, they fall mad: but they onely in
medy goats milke: The roote of the greater
efits thereof. Andfome of theancient Phifitians
of {wallowes as willlie vpon three groats, mixed with this milkea-
gainftaquartane Ague, and when young lambes were ficke,the fhepherds cured them by Columella
go cold vítions in the ficth or belly, when the place
followersand patients toLrinke it againft the ytche, orany biting,
andifatany time there beany ftraire in any member of the body, fothat the Article
Aefculipius taught his
feenieth to decline andloofe his former
he powder of Betony drunke out of Goates
| ht
ifeafe of (heepe almoft incurable, becaufe ifany remedy doe büt
this Malady admit forthe recreation or re-
Silerdeco&ted in Goats milke,cureth thofe
looketh blacke orloofeth fence: and
{trength and humour, it isrecoüéred againe by
binding vnto itlyne-feedefodin Goates milke.-Fanerius aduifeth to wath the face there- pus
withthatthe beauty'of it may
to powder mingle them with one pinte of Goa
theritdiligently, and infufethem into a Horfle
itfhal curehim.:
‘The milke alfo by
o :
4° outof heraliue, and putinto
oftheeies. — ^
bemorefplendant. Take feuen Sea-crabs and béingbeaten
tes milke anda cup of Oyle, andfo ftraine
s mouth which is ficke ofthe headache and
| the counfe all of Philiftion with the inyce of Cabages, Salt’, and Ho-
2- ny, isgiuenagainftthe (hortneffe of breath, and if the right eie ofa Chamelion be pulled
Goats milke,and apply ed to the eyes, it curetl the whitneffe
^5 The fat ofa Bull mixed ith this milkeand infufed into the eares,cureth their mattety
euils, and caufeth them to heare morea
aynoynted therewith, caufeth their teeth to come
theloofeteeth by often rubbing: the corners in the throat,andthe arteries are deliuered
from exulcerations b
mach, and alfo pur
—
$6
ffuredly and fiermely. ‘The gummes of children
forth with leffe paine, andit fafteneth -
y gargarizing this milke, either warmedat the fire, or elfe as it com-
meth forth of the vdder.
'! "The feede of Crefles
a. Phayus
decoétedinthis milkeand drunke, eafeth the paines in the ftO- “a rarcellny
geth being mixed with faltand Hony. Marcellus pre{cribeth this ex-
cellént pargation which (hallneuer make the party ficke, that isa pinte of Goates milke,
two ounces of falt Ammoniacke and one ounce ofthe belt Mecis, beate them altogether
andgiue them to the patient fafting, and fo let him
and ifawoman be with: childand opprefied with headache or haue
wrought in his body,
an Águe;
à
(he may fafe
walkea good whiletillthe mdicine be Hippocrates
ly take this milke fod with Hony,
L 2 The
|
Lhe Hiffory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The Phyfitians makea fpeciall drinke of this milke, which they cal Schiffon sitis {od
inanewearchen pot, andhath putinto itthe branches ofa fig-tree,and (o many cuppes of
{weet water, as there were pintes of mike and when it boyleth, keepeit from teething o-
uer, by putting intoit a filuer veffell with colde water, and being taken from the fire, de-
uide itinto many veffels tillicbe cold, fo the whay wil part from the milke : and fome take
the whay and feeth it agiine till thethird partbe onely left, andafterward fet it abroad in
the Sunne to coole; and this may be fafely drunkefiue dayes together (euery day a pint) |
at fiue fcucral times, agaiaft the falling euil, melancholy, palfies in Leprofies, gowtes ot |
paines in the Articles, andthe fickneffe ofthe liuer, which islike toa plereu&ie.Or let him |
d inke the Goats milke, the third part thereof mingled with hony (as Hippecrates prefcri- 1o, | 3,
beth)or with the feed of Mathrure (as Serenus counfelleth) in this verfe :
Stomacho medentur
"s Semina Mathvi fact a enm latte capella.
ICI
pP.
A draught of Goats milkefodden wich mallowes, anda little fale putto it, repreffeth the
gtipings of dicbellyandif you put a liiclereanetvntoic it wil be more profitable.Goats
-milk tempered with rennet, before it be altogether ftrained, whileit is warme, itmuftbe 20
giuen to thofe chat haue che bloodie flixto drinke, and it will helpethem prefently : puc
Marcellus M0 t0.a good potion of {weet Wine mingled with goates milke, anda li:tle rennet of a
kid(as muchas a nütkernellis) which being tempred with the hand, ler it be giuento the
patient, laboring wich the bloody flix, before it be ftraiaed, for the fpace of three daies.
Let this drinke be giuen one that is tafting about the time he rifeth, and being boyled, |
Marcelle, put fufhicient Barly fowertoit, and being inlike maaner like pap or pottage, youmuft
gine ittothe parieatto drinke for the fame difeafe.. .
Goats milke being fodden halfe away may be giuen to thofe that haue the bloody flix.
Ifthey that be troubled with fretting ofthe gurs,and thef lix, are weakened by reafon of |
Plinius their often going totheftoole. an, m A arly
ey) The broath ofa fat Henne fod withBytter or goats milke, or Sheepes, warmed by it
felfe, or elfe fod with Butter, is very good to be giuen vnto them. Take three ounces of
Amylum, being alind ofmeat, three moneths olde, into as much goats milke fodas you
Marcellus fhallthinke fic, and fo giue it the patient by Ívppofitory meanes forthe bloody Flix. Ox.
Didfeorides en, Sheepes, or goats milke, {taieth the exulcerations and flowings of the belly, fo itbee
fod onthe coales, after the vfe of glifters,ifamans fecret inwards do abound with filch,
butifnot after.the foments be laid to the roots and ftocke ofthe yard, fre(h goates milke
muftbe applied about the meafure Hewsian and no leffe, but it muft not bedone altoge-
therbuta part. The next day let the milke feeth ul che one halfe be dimninithed ;füll taking
away that which isvpermoft (I meane the slinne orfroth that gathereth infetlingyand fo 4o
“Asie, v{e it.- rabies Joes brig, $j s00 02 mcbng 99
nu For the rifings and fowings ofthe belly andthe flix, it is very goodto get cows milke
4 or Goats, as is before mentioned of the Cow.Pamecke being fodin goates milke, helpech
thebelly, being taken twicea day, andfo itis good for the fretting of the guts. Oldbread
b Pleyu tempered withgoatesmilke; being giuen thofe that haue the luxe in their belly twicea
V day,in manner of fupping, itisaprefenthelpe........ lawdatis H
he. The iuyce of planted peafe, foked with goats milke, helpeth the lask of the belly. The
melt is good with goates milke, after one hath fafted two daies; let him drioke goats
milke, that are fedde with luy, without any otherkiade of meate, for three daies to-
2/777
3%
eq Se => ————
1 T gither. cca | um
" / They thatare troubled with the paineofthe meltthebeft rem edy is this : let milche
oats be kept fafting three daies, and in the thirde day let him eate Inie oncly,. and
i Pos ie them bee; milked before they drinke; and let the fafting patient greeued about
if his melt, take three {exiaries Warme of that milke, fo foone as (heis milked, and fo
B
n. : x M il T^
E E 3 ; . = ; 4 : "a
m , , E 2 “te. j a Chak "Mui " 1 x E. : iJ * X * d 1 E H nv - I.
13 í J ! F 3s " * f TAPER MA T f : 2 ] , : i E ‘ ] | > E 4
vct r P" Ate e baut obf as : RE P LAM " : ; ,
hs
it (as. cheefe is acuftonied to be made)and giuen to thofe that haue the Dropfie, they fhal
Of the Goate. 257
fet him drinke itthe fpace of three daies, during which time he (hall not eat nor drinke a-
ny other meate, and it fhall helpehim maruailoufly. He that hath the conlumption of Mavreellus
the Spleene, let him drinke the whay of Goats thatarefed with Tuy . Goats milke alfo
halfefodden, foit be of them that feede on Iuy onely, it may bee giuento children that
aretroubled with the painein the melr. A drinke made of Goats milkeand rennet putto ,
efczslapins
be holpen. Alfo Goats milke killeth the wormes. ,. - Sextus.
Thofe that aretroubled with the ereefe of the reynes,let him take three cups of Creti-
an fod in wine, andfo much of Goats milk, and three and thirty grains of Cowcumber-
ro feed, all welbruifed togither, which hee may drinkeat one draught. Avasolins faith, that
aporenger full of Goats milke, with as much Amylum, whichis as much as three poren- Amitolinss
gers of Sheepes milke, and three ounces of oile, all which well tempered together mult
be giuen througha horne to a horffethat piffeth blood, and it wil remedy thefame: and
polyganius faith, that goates milke and Amylum with three Egges and the iuyce of pellito-
ry is good for the fame difeafe in horfes. The meale of Bettony foked out of Goats milk
flayeth the blood dropping out of the paps. Phifitians do drink certaine medicinesmade pj.
of goats milke tha: increale Venus. St UA Marcellus.
The men of The/filia drinke another roore ofa certaine hearbe (called Orchim) beeing
fofterandnothine inferior with Goats milketo ftirrevp mento carnall copulation , and
Pelagonius.
no they drinkethe harder kind of roote fo temperedto ftay it. Theroote Ragwert (asfome
callit) being giuen to women with childe, itmaketh them that they cannot conceiue, be-
ing of watery condition :again it which Goats milke foked with honey, is an excellentre-
medy. -
‘[fthe hinder parts thatare fomewhat flefhy ftand further out thenthe reft, andopen, Sextus
annojnt them with Goates milke warmed. ' Ifany mans Sheepe be ficke, let him take
~ Goates milke mingled with Wine, and fo let him giue it them to drinke. If Lambes
bee troubled with Agues or fickneffé, let goates milke bee giuen them thorough a
horne. |
Cheefe made of goates milke is an excellent helpe for thofe chat haue. drunke Mifel- c yympellg
Insoniitatus
30 den. For otherbitings of beafts (befides that ofa madde Dogge) goates cheefe wel dri-
edwith wilde Margerom muft be drunk. The fame alfo is excellent againft the fting-
ing of Serpentes ; For all other bitinges and ftinginges of leffer Beaftes, it is alfo a ve-
ry good remedy. Being dryed out of Vineger and Honey, takethaway vlcers and bli-
ers.
This fame cheefe when itis new,(0 it bee wel prefled and no whay left in it, and mixed
with honey, is moftexcellent again {tthe quartan Ague. Goats cheefe alfo repreffeth all Serenus,
dolorsand pun&ions, and being foftandnew, and made with hony, and ceuered witha P/sj»
avollen orlinnen cloath, taketh awaie the puffing vp of the fle(h.Itbeing dryed with fcalli-
ons, you may anoint Saint Antonies fire withit. Being dried out of Hony and Vineger,
(when men do bath) without oile,it may be anointed on blacke wheales. That whichis ^77
fre(h and well riuuated, being laid onthe cies, it quicklie afwageth the paine. It is alío ex-
ceeding good for the pricking of the cies, the grecfe of the head and feete, itisalfo good
for the dropping of the eyes, withalittle warme Water applied vnto it, and if it bee
a {welling of the eies then out of honey, either of which greefes is to bee kept warme with
whay.
"or the grecfe ofa mans yard, feeth goates cheefe and honcy, ofa like quantity in a
-poulteife made in a new earthen pot, and fo laid thereunto twice a day , but firfte wafh the
place with old wine thatis to be cured.Itis good for Carbuncles, and ifa woman be ficke
ofher wombe,and troubled witha Febre; let her takethe fift part of halfe a Chauix of Pet- piss,
Aefculapins
39 tifpurge, and{o much nettle feede, and halfea Che#ix of goates cheefe fcraped, being
tempered withold wine, andafterward being fodden let her fup it vp, and if fhe hauethe
Flix let her drinke the blacke wilde grape, and the rinde ofa Pomegranat,anda nutkernel,
and the rennetofa Bul, thele being wafhed in blacke wine, goats cheefe,and wheat-flower
put them together. j a
: e
L3
258
Dijfcarides
Archigenes
Phineas
Vegetins
Anatolius
Gath
The Hiflorie of Feure-footed Beafts.
The fime or dung offuch females as [iue in the Mountaines drunke in Wine,cureththe — 3
falling euill’s and in Galen; time they eauethe trindles of Goats in Wine againft che Iaun-
dife,and with the fime they annoyntthem that haue the fluxe, and made into a polteffe is
very helpfullagainftthe Collicke :but Marcell prepareth it on this manner : fi: ftit mutt
be fteepedin water and ftrained, with fixty gtaines of pepper, and three porringers of
{weet water, and{o deuideit into three equal potions to be drunle, in three feueral daies:.-
but che body ofthe patient muft be firft wafhed or annointed with Acopus,{o.as all per-
friGtions by fweate may beauoyded. — .' |
etim againftthehardneffe ofthe Spleene prefcribeth a plaifter made of Goats dung, zo. |
barly meale, and the dung alone againft all tumours or fwellings of the mele, Againftwa- — 1:
ter lying betwixtthe skinne, and the skinneandthe leh this is prepared many waies, and
firftagainft the Dropfie, they fecth it in the vrine of a Boy which hathtafted ofpoyfon,
or in the Goates vrine, till it beasthicke that it will ftickeand cleaue, and it wil] purge all
by the belly; and alfothe fhauings of hides which Corriers make, fod in vincger with
Goates dung is accounted in Englanda fingular medicine to reprefíe all hy dropick {wel-
ling inthe legsand belly. ,
Thefime of Female-goates drunke infweete water expelleth the ftone outofthe blad-
der. Againftthe paine in the hippes, the Arabians prefcribe it in this manner,whichthey , |3
call aduftion (betwixt thethumbe and the hand) there is a hollow placewhereinthey put — 3
Wooll diped in Oyle ; afterward they fet on fire little piles of Goates dung in thefame 20 |
Wooll, and there let it burne till the fume and vapour thereofbefenfi bly feltin the hip- |
bone : fome vieto apply thisto the far, but in our time itis all out of vie,and yetfeeingthe |
paines of the hip doerather fall into the thighes, fhinnes and Legges, thenafíend vp into |
the Armesand fhoulders, Aetius and Cornarivs f; aye, that this aduftion for the hips. was
vfed in theauncienttime diuers waies , and fome onthis manner, holding the burning
dung in a paire of. tonges vnto theleg ofthat fide where the paine lieth, vntill theaduftion
be felt inthe hip, and this courfe vfed Diofcorides.
Quintillius led another way, which was this : he firftof all heate the Goates dung, and
therewithall burned the foft and flefhy part of the great toe, nearevnto the Naile, vntill
it pierced to the ficke place ; after fuch vftians, they lay beaten leaues ofleckes with faltto 20 |
the place, butin the hard bodies of country men invredto labour, they apply the dung of &
goats with barly meale and vineger.
The fame with Saffron and Goates fewet, applied to the gowt, healeth it, or elfe mu-
fterdfeede, ftalkes of Iuy, Bittony, or the flower of Wilde cowcumber, the fame drunke
with fpikneard, or other fpice, ftirreth vpa womans flowers and caufeth eafie deliue-
rance, but being beaten into mealeand vin eger andlayed toawomans belly, with weoll
and Frankcumcenfe, ftayeth all fluxes and Iffues: alfolittle bals ofthe fame with haires
and the fat ofa Sea-calfe wrought altogether and perfumed vnder a woman, bath the
fame effect, or elfe the Lyuer ofa Sea-calfeandthe fhauings of Ceder wood.
Pliny affirmeth, that the midwiues ofhis time ftaiedthe greateft luxeofthe belly 4o
by drinking the vrine ofa Goat, and afterwardes anoynting it withtbedungofaHorfe ^
that hath bruifed his hoofe. Goats blood withvineger cureththe fame, and ifan Apletree
haue worms in it, the dung ofa Goateand the vrine ofa man laied to the root driue them
away.
The vrine of Goates blood drunke with vineger, refifteth the ftinging of Serpents,and
alfo being laid to bunches and {wellingsia the fleth, in what part foeuer they be, it difper-
fethand expelleth them. Againftthe ftifneffe ofthe Necke which they call Opifthotonos,
Take vrine of a Goate and the heades of feallions bruzed to iuyce, and infufe them into
theeares; and the fame mingled with the oyle of rofes anda little Nytre, cureth the paie
in the eares by infufion, or by the fmoke perfumed ina Goats horne twenty dayestoge. 59 |
ther. |
Againft naturall deafeneffe take thehorne of a Goate newly flaine, and fill it withthe
vrine and hàng it vp nine daies in the ff,5ke, and afterwards vfe it. Thevrine of a goate
made warme, and inftilled into the 4 4res, and the fimeannoynted with fat is good for
the vaines of the throat. FortheDropfie drinke one fi pooenfull mingled with Cardus,
A and
"— tail
Of the Goate.
and warme itatthefire, alfo mingled with wine or water, it expelleth the ftone in the blad-
der, according to the faying of Serenns: 7
Nec non obfcanus capra: potabitur humor
Obruat hie morbum tabefactaque faxa remittit.
The fame Phyfirian prefcribed Goats trindles to be drunke in wine againft the adis;
and to flay the fluxes of women, thefame dung tied ina cloath about vnquiet children, e-
{pecially women-kind, makeththem more fill, being mingled with wine, cureth the bi-
tings of vipers, and the dung taken ont of the Goats belly and annointed vpon the fore,
curethit with all fpeede : the famevertueit hathto heale men woundedby Scorpions,
xo being decodted in Vineger it cureth alfo the biting ofa mad Dog, mixed with honey and
wine.
Being laid vpona wound it keepeth it from fwelling, it hath the fame vertue mingled
with Barley-meale, but healeth thekings euill; It is víedalfo to ripen fores and ruptures,
beingapplyed to the fuppurations, itkeepeth downe the {wellings of womens brefts , be-
ing firft driedand then fteepedin new wine, and fo laide tothe fore, forit difgefteth in-
flamation. — 2001 |
When the eyelids be thicke, hard;red, and bald ,take goats dung and Moufe dung, of
eytheralike quantity burned, and twice fomuch ofthe powder ofthe Grecian canes
with honey Atticke, andanointthem therewith ; being heate with Vineger and put vpon
2e the fore it cureth Tetters andRing-wormes, and difperfeth Carbuncles in the belly : alfo
being heated in Vineger with cow milke, oileof Cipres and Laurell, it purgeth and cu-
reth al wounds of the legs and fhins;it pulleth out thorns or fharp pricks out of the body,
as that learned Phyfitian Myzie hath proued,as fheepes dung alfo doeth : laying it round
about the wound it cureth burnings and draweth out heat,with oile ofrofes and Vineger
(as Gallen writeth.)
It is alfo commended for broken ioynts, be caufe it fuffereth them not to {well or ftart out
being once fet, therefore it muft be vied with Honey and wine,and it hath the fame ope-
ration for broken ribbes, for it opencth,drawethand healeth: alfo it being deco&ed with
Vineger, it healeth the paines in the nerues although they be ready to rot, and eafeth the
30 painein the joynts : the fime of a fat Goat cureth the gout, and the contraction or fhrin-
king of the nerues ; being dreffed with Vineger and madeas thick as Hony, it helpeththe
trembling members.Itis verie dry, andtherefore CArnoldus faith) it cureth the Fiftula,
making a plaifter thereof with the meale of Beanes, Wine and Leigh, which hath beene
feene wonderfully to drie vp the Fiftula. With Oxymeland Vineger it cureth the Aleprins
but it muftbe burned.
Take feauen bals of Goats dung, worke them in Vineger, then anoint your forehead
therewith, and it eafeth the paine inthe head, or elfe mingle it with oile of rofes, and {pred
it vpona cloath laying it to your Temples, change it morning and euening, and you fhal
find great eafethereby. . .
Ifthe eies befwolneat any time, bind this dung vntothem: being mingled with Li-
quid pitch,and honey, healeththem which are ficke ofthe Quinanfie, being gargarized
in the mouth, he which is ficke ofan olde Cough, let him take the dryed trindles and put
them into the beft wine, and drinke it off, fo (hall he prefently auoid his fleame and filthy
humor and be healed.
The remedies out of A wilde Goat.
The fame vertue which are in the Goats before fpoken of, do alfo belong to the wilde
Goats, the blood taketh away bunches inthe flefh, and being mingled with Sea-palme,
caufeth the hair to falloff. An ointment made of the fat of Goates, is profitable to them
which haue webs in their cies, and the fat of mountaine Goats, helpeth infected Lightes :
His liuer broiled vpon coales and taken alone, helpeth the Flix, burmoft cettainely when
it is dried and drunke in wine : the gawle is good for many things; efpecially it isa Trea-
cleagainftpoifon, fuftufions, whitneffe andbliadneffe of the cies, by annointing, it cu-
| ret
o
|
259 ^ !
RET
—
E C E E E
ae
»-
s gt coner yan timere om iem
= inei SI e ii
FOES
-».
ch
*
ee ee -—— ———
TOR NET EE
E
e Ei ase
With the fatte thereis an ointment made with rofe water, to heale the fiflures ofthe 20
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
reth the purblind andthe webs in the eie, and generally it hath thefame properties in e.
uery part as thetame goats before fpoken of |
Thelike may be faid of the Kyds or young goats, and firft ofall a Kyd being flit affun-
der aliue, and his warme flefh. laideto a poifoned wound; doeth mof affaredl y healethe
fame.Others takethe warm fleth ofkyds and perfumethem with hair,by the fauor where-
of they driueaway Serpents: the skinne newly pulled offjand put vppon thebody beaten
with ftripes, taketh away their paine - others againe vfe it againftthe Crampe, and not
without reafon, forthe tender skinnesof Lambes and Goates, being fprinkled or dip-
pedin Warme Oyle, giueth very much ftrength and patience, to endure the convul-
tion. / IO
Praxagoras prefcribeth the flefh again ft the falling euil,and by gargarizing thebroath
when it was fod, cureth the Quinfie and foreneffe of the throat. Demetrius faith, thatthe
braine being drawne thorough a gold ring and giuen toa: Hawke which hath the fallinge
ficknes, itwill workeadmirably vpon her. Theblood being dried and deco&ed with mar-
row, is good againftall intoxicat paflions and being mingled with fharpe Vineger before
itbe congealed, it helpeth the fpitting of blood : the fame being eaten, cureth allkinde of
Flixes, being taken three daies together. Gallen rehearfeth inthe Antidot o£ Vibane, a-
mong other things the blood of Ky ds to draw the deade young onesout ofthe damnies
lippesand nofe, which is much defired ofwomen, not onely for thebefore rehearfed vir-
tue, butalfo becaufe by annointing they keepe by it their face from Sunne-burning, The
French and Italians call it (pomaro) becaufe it fmelleth like Apples, they put alfo into ir
, muske and Rofe-water,a pound of kyds fewet, and warmeitin a Bath vntillallbee white,
and fo wath it with the aide rofe water, andafterward repofe it ina glaffe: The ointment
which is caled Vaguentum album) is like vnto it: thea(hes of the thighes ofakyd, healeth
burftnes and ftancheth blood :the rennet isalfo commendable againft Hemlocke, or
toad-ftoole, and againftal the poifonfull ftrokes of Sea-beatts 3 Being drunke in Wine ic
ftayeth bleeding and refrefheth excreations of bloode; being taken with Vineger it hel-
pethalfo thet lix,being drunk fafting,it hath fome operation to flay womens flowers. The
lights ofakyddefod and eaten fafting, preferueth from drunkennefe that day, and the
powder of it burned, eafeth the itching of the cies, andpield eyelids, ifitbe applyed like
Stibinm :likewife the bladder ofa female kyd drunke in powder,helpeth the inconftancy
of vrine ; the meltlaide vppon the Spleene ofan infant affi wageth the paineand tumors
thereof ; the liuer is not firfor temperate men, but for weake colliricke men.
The inhabitants of the mount Atlas do gather Exforbium, and corrupt it with Kyddes
milke, but it is difcerned by fires for the good Ewferbium being burned, yeeldeth an vn.
acceptable fauor, and fo we conclu dethis ftorie, with the two Emblems of Altiatus.
Oneagainft them that take muchpaineand make good beginningesbut euell endes, like
a goat whichgiueth a good meffe of milke and ouercurneth it with hir foot +
Quod ftne egregios turpi muculameris orfus
Innoxamaue tuum verteris offieium
Fecsfti quod Capra fui multfraria lactis
Cum ferit & proprias ealee pro fundit opes.
The other Emblem is vpon a Goat, the which by her keeper was conftrained to giuea
young wolfe fuck, who afterward notwithftanding that good turn, deuoureth his nurfe:
and it maie beapplied vnto them which nourifh their owne harmes , and faueatheef from
the gallowes.
Capra lupum non {ponte meo nunc vbere lacto
Quod male paftorisprouida cura iubet 58
Ceruerit ille fimul mea mepoft vbere pafcit ,
Improbitas nullo flectitur obfequio. B
Thercisa prettie comparifon ofa Harlottes louetoa fi(herman which putteth vpon him
a goats skin withthe hornes, to deceiue the Sargus-fith, for that fithlouetha goat aboue
all other creatures, and therefore the fifher-man beguileth her witha falfe appearance,
as the flattering oue of Harlots do fimple minds by fained proteflations.
39
49 |
a et. s
s | 261 :
OF THE GVLON. |
| His beaft was notknown by the f
I2. ancients, but hath bin fince dif- NES oy
.7* coueredinthe Northern parts | yx
RAE as emi nt La m eam
| oftheworld, and becaufe of the great ERE TET |
| vorafity thereof, it is called (Ga/oythat . SES 33) i
|. js,a deuourer in imitation of the veste * "NM
zo Germans, who call fuch deuouring Cs Sy 2E ae
| ercatures Vilfruffjandthe Swedians, EA EN ' i
| Cerff,in Lituania and Mu[couia, is — - eee AES i
| called Roffemokal. It is thought to be vh EE E i
| engendered by a Hyena &a Lioneffe, “EERE |
for inquality it refembleth a Hyana, Mathias 4 4
RA
WE,
3
"
[1
| &itisthefame whichis called (cro- S =
| enta:)itisa deuouring and anvnpro- ( 3r i
| fitable creature, hauing fharper teeth | Ws ik
__ then other creatures. Some thinke it y. LA I
| 2o isderiuedofawolfe and a dog, forit j TS V hy
| isaboutthebignefleofadog:ithath > = Lyi i
the face ofa Cat, the body and taile ILE | i
ofa Foxe; being black of colour: his 3 Ee ji
feetand nailes be moft (harp,his skin 2 PERSE 4 "
rufty,thehairevery fharp,anditfee- —— ^ SS Se i
deth vpon dead carkafes. . Ys i
When ithath foundadeadcarkas ü
he cateth thereof fo violently, that his belly ftandeth out like a bell ; then feeketh he fome H
| narrow paffage betwixt two trees, and there draweth through hisbody;by preffing wher- i
|| $e of, he driueth out the meate which he had eaten: and being fo emptied returneth and de- pl
uoureth as muchas he did before and goeth again & emptyeth himfelfeas in former ma- | rA
ner ;and fo continueth eating and emptying til albe eaten. It may bee that God hath or- 3 LONE |
H
dained fücha creature in thofe countries, to expreffethe abhominable gluttony , ofthe . 3 |
menofthat countrie, that they may know their true deformed nature, and liuely vgly f- d | ^
gure, reprefented in this monfter- eating-beatt: for itisthe fafhion ofthe Noble men in pz :
thofe parts, to fit from noone till midnight, eating and drinking, and neuer rife from the |
tablejbutto difgorge their ftomacks, or eafe their bellies : and then returnwith refrefhed | |
appetites to iugurgitate and confume morc of Gods creatures : wherin they grow tofuch i l 4
ahighth of beaftlinefie, that they loofe both fence and reafon, and know no difference be- . EM B
g tweene head and taile. Such they are in Mufcowiay in. Lituania, and moft (haniefullofálin |
Tartaria. . th: Kofi pez: no 2
Thefethingsare reported by Olaws Magnus, and Mathias Michoa But Iwould to God
that this fame (more thenbeaftly intemporate gluttony) had beene circumféribed and n i)
confined within the limets of thofe vnchriftian or hereticall-apoftaricall-countries, and Ó I
had not fpred it felfe and infe&ed our more ciuell and chriftian partes ofthe World; fo i im |
fhould not nobility, fociery amity good fellowíhip, neighborhood,and honefty,beeuer ^ ^-^. iat !
placed vpou drunken or gluttonous companious : orany man be comendedfor bibbing : * |
and fucking in wine and beerelike a fwine: When in the meane feafonno fparke of grace, i |
or chriftianity, appeareth in them : which notwithftanding they take vpponthem, being
59 hecrein worfethen beaftes, who ftilreferue the notes oftheir nature, and preferue their
liues 5but thefe, loofe the markes of humanity, reafon, memory and fence, with the con-
dicions of their families, applying themfcluesto confume both patrimony and peneein
this voracity,and forget the Badges of chriftians, offering facrifice to nothing buttheir
bellies. The church forfaketh them, thefpirit accurfeth them, the ciuell world abhorteth
them, the Lord condemneth them, the diuillexpeð them, andthe fire of hell ic felfeis
prepared for them, andall {uch deuourers of Gods good creatures; to helpe, &c. 2
J
44-4
-— LE
SUN,
"HL VANS
TA Wisin. ome BB BASS
Cx ee
The kinds of
ulons.
The skinnes
et Gulens.
The country
and defcrip-
tion,
e ddeliante
Lhe Fiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
To helpe their difgeftion, for although the Zieza and Guloz;and fome other monfters
arefübie& to this gluttonie, yetarether many creatures more in the world, who although
they be beaftes andlacke reafon, yet can they not by any famine, flripes, or prouocations
be drawne to exceede their naturall appetites, or meafiirein eating or drinking. There
are of thefe beaftes two kindes, diftinguifhed by coulour, one blacke, and the other likea
Wolfe, they feldome killa man or any liue beaftes, but feede vpon carrion and dead car-
kaffes, as is before faide, yet fometimes when they are hungry, they prey vpon beaftes,as
horfes and fuch like ,and then they fubtlely afcend vp intoatree,and when they feea beaft
vnder thefame, they leape downe vpon him and deftroy him. A Beare is afraid to meete
them, and vnable to match them, by reafon of their fharpe teeth.
This beaft is tamed, and nourifhed, inthe courts of Princes, for no other caufe then
for an example ofincredible voracitie. When he hath filled his belly, ifhe can findno
trees growing fo neare together, as by {liding betwixtethem, hee may expell his excre-
ments, then taketh he an Alder-tree,and with his forefeete rendeth the fame afunder,
and paffeththroughthe middeftof it, forthe caufe aforefaid. When they are wilde, men
killthem with bowes and guns, forno other caufe than for their skins whichare pretious
and profitable, for they are white fpotted, changeably interlined like divers flowers, for
which caufe the greateft princes, and richeft nobles vfethem in garments in the Winter
time : fuch are thekinges of Polonia, Swene-land, Goatland, andthe princes of Germany,
neither is there any skinne which will fooner takea.colour,ormore conftantly tetaine it.
The outward appearanceofthe faide skinne is liketo adamaskt garment, and befides this
outward part there is no other memorable thing woorthy obferuation in this rauenous
beaft, and therefore in Germany itis called a foure-footed Vulture.
© Fcc HE GORGON,
or firange Lybian Beaft.
Mong the manifold and diuers forts of Beafts which arebred
in Afiticke, it is thought that the Gergox is brought foorth
in that countrey. It is a feareful and terrible beaftto behold,
ithath high and thickeeie lids, eies not very great,butmuch
like an Oxes or Bugils, butall fiery-bloudy, which neyther
looke dire&ly forwarde, nor yet vpwards, but continuallye
downetothe earth, and therefore are called in Greeke Caza.
bleponta. From thecrowne of their head. downe totheir nofe
they hauealong hanging mane, which maketh chem to look
» | fearefully. zteateth deacly and poyfonfull hearbs, andif at
any time he fee a Bullor other creature whereofhe is afraid hc prefently caufeth his mane
to ftandvpright, andbeing fo lifted vp, opening his lips, and gaping wide, fendeth forth
of his throata certaine fharpeand horrible breath, which infeðand poyfoneth the air
aboue his head, fo that allliuing creatures which drawin the breath of thataire are gree-
uoufly afüli&ed thereby; loofing both voyce and fight; they fallinto leathalland deadly
convulftons.Icis bredin He/periaand Lybia. ' |
The Poets hauea fi&ion that the Gorgones were the Daughters of Medufaand Phercy-
ns, andare called Steingo, and by Heffodus Stheno, and Euryale inhabiting the Gorgadion
Ilands inthe Aethiopick Ocean, ouer againft the gardens of He/peria. Medufais{aid to haue
the haires of his head tobe lining Serpentes,againft whom Per/éeus fought and cut off his
_hed,forwhich caufe he was placed in heauen onthe North fide of the Zodsacke aboue the
Waggon, and ontheleft hand holding the Gorgons head. The truth is that there were
certaine Amozonian women in.Affricke diners from the Scithzans, againft whom Perfeus
made Warre, and the captaine ofthofe women was called Medufa, whom Perfeus ouer-
threwand cut off her head, and from thence came the Poets fi&iion difcribing it with
Snakes growing out ofitas is aforefaid. Thefe Gorgons are bred in that countrey,and
haue fuch haire about their heads as not onel y exceedeth all other beaftes, butalfo poy:
. | fonet
ro
20
39
40
$9
Of the Goate. 2.63
foneth when he ftandeth vpright.Pliny calleth this beaftcatablepon, becaufe it continually
looketh downeward, and faith that all the parts of it are but fmal exc epting the head which
is very heauy, and exccedeth the proportion of his body whichis neuer lifted vp, but all
lining creatures diethatíec hiseies. —
By which there arifetha queftion whether the poifonwhichhe fendeth foorth, proceede
front his breath or ftom his eyes. Wherupon it is more probable, that likethe Cockatrice
hekilleth by fecing,then by the breath of his mouth whichis not competibleto any other
beafté in ihe world. ‘Befides when thie Souldiots of Marias followed Jugurtha, they fawe
one ofthefe Gorgons, and fuppofing it was fome fheepe, bendingthe head continually
ro tothe each) and mouing flowly, they fet vpon him with their fwordes, whereatthe Beaft
difdaining fuddenly difcouered his ei es\fetting bis haire vpright,at the fight whereof the
Souldiorsfel dowrre dead. ' Hd |
Mariza heating thereof fent other fouldiers to kill thebeafte, but they likewife died as the
former. Atlaftthe inhabitauntes of the countrey, tolde the Captaine the poyfon of this
beafts nature, and that ifhe were nor killed vpon a fedaine with the onely fight of his cies,
he fent death into his hunters : thefi did the Captaihe lay anambuth of fouldiers for him,
who flew him fodainely with their {peares and brought him to the Emperour ; whereupon
Marius fei his skirine co Rome, which was hung vp inthe Temple of Hercules, wherein
the people were feafted after the tritimphessby which it is apparantthat they kill with their
20 cies and not with their breath. |
So that the fable of seruis which reportech that in the fürtheft place of Atlas chefe
Gorgons are bredde, and that they haue but one eiea peece, isnottobe beliewed, excepte
he meane; as elfewhete he confefleth, that there were certaine maides which were fifters
called Gorgons, and were fo beautyfull that all young men wereamazed to beholdethem.
Whereupon it wasfaide,that they were turn ed into {tones : meaning that theirloue bereft
them of theit witte and fence. They were called the daughters of Cetms, andthree ofthem
were made Nimphes, which were called pephredo, Enyo,and thethird Dison, fo calledas
Geraldus faith : becaufe they were olde women fo foone as they were borne, wbereunto
was affigned one eie and one tooth. But to omit thefefables,itis certainethatfharpe pot- |
30 fonedfightes are called Gorgon Blepen,andtherefore we will followe the authority of Pliny
and Atheneus. Tt isa beaftallfet ouer with {cales like a Dragon, hauingno haireexcepton |
his head, great teeth like Swine, hauing wings to fie; and handsto handle;inftature be- gin
twixta Bulland a Calfe. ^ deoz5H sd
There be Ilandes called Gorgonies, wherein thefe monfter-Gorgons werebredde, and
vnto the daies of Pliny,thepeople of that countrey retained fome partof their prodigious
nature. It is reported by Xenophon, that Hanno King of Carthage ranged with his armie in
that region, and founde there certaine women of incredible fwiftneffe and pernifcitie of
foote. Whereot he tooketwo'onely of all that appeared in fight, which hadfuch roughe |
and fharp bodies, as neuer before were feene. Wherefore when they were dead, he hung
o vp their skinnes inthe Temple of Juno,fora monument of their ftraunge natures, which
retained there vntill the deftru&ion of Carthage. By the co nfideration of this beaftthere
appearethone manifeft argument of the creators deuine wifdome and providence, who
hath turned the eies of this beafte downeward to the earth, as it were thereby burying his
poyfon fromthe hurt of man :and fhaddowing them with rough, long, and ftrong haire,
that their poyfoned beames fhould net refleét vpwards,vntill the beaft were prouoked by
feare or danger, the heauines of his head being like a clogge to reftrainethe liberty of his
poyfonfull nature, but what other partes,vertues, or vices, are contained in the compaffe
of this monfter, God onely knoweth, who peraduenturehath permitted itto liue vppon
the face of the earth, for no other caufe but tobea punnifhment and fcourge vnto man-
$9 Lind: andan euident example of his owne wrathfull power to euerlafting deftru&ion.And
thus much may feruefor a difcription of this beaft, vntillby gods prouidence, more can
be knowne thereof,
The
SS EE
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imag dt Met iac qe
vet tmi
itn Mi idem
MESE net
rdi
c DE REC
So eee e
ia
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eee
ae Rae Nera a Se
nr EN an T emn
VERI ac.
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MUTTER ES er Ama at mi ca GEAR EU
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Tm
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
OF THE HARE.
Haieis a four-footed bea(t ofthe earth, which the Hzbrews
call _Arnebet, in the feminine gender, which word gaue occa-
fion to an opinion thatall Hares were females, or at the leaft
thatthe males bring forth young as well as females: whereof
we fhallfee more inthe fequell of this ftory. And the lewes ro
fay that it fignifieth nothing elfe in Hebrew.buta Hare, for
which word Deut. 14.the Chaldee tranflateth Armeba, the
Arabians Erzab the Perfians Kargos. Anicenna caleth it Arne-
beti, Siluatieus, Arnobert, Arnebus, and Arnaben; the Sara-
cens Arreph, the Grecians Leporis, Lagoos, Lagos; Lageoos,
becaufe of his immoderat luft.It is called Prox for his feare,andin Latine Lepus, of Lewi-~
pes fignifieng {wiftnefleof feete, and that ic is not heard when it goeth; howfoeuer fome
men deriue itírom Leporss the Greeke word, others deriue Zages from La, betokening e-
uclation, and Oas fignifiengan eare,becaufe fhe pricketh vpone of her eares when {hee
runneth. The Italians call it Liewora, the French Licure, and Leuruub, Leureteanghe Spani-
Of the feue-
ral name,
ards Hebre, the Germans Haff, or Haa/, the Illyrians Zagitz. 20
E the feue~ > Therebefoure forts of Hares, fome liue inthe mountaines, fome in the fields, fome in
tal kinds, : : :
the marifhes;and fome euery where withoutany certaine place of abode. They ofthe
mountains are moft fwift they ofthe fields leffe nimble,they of the mar(hes mot flow, &
the wandring Hares aremoftdaungerous to follow: for they are fo cu nning in the wayes,
and mufes of the field, running vp the hils and rockes, becaufe by cuftome they knowthe
neareft way, and forbearing downehills, fometime making heads vponthe plain ground,
tothe contufion of the Dogs, and the difmaying of thehunter.
OftheEly- Pollux faith;thattherebe certaine Hares called E/ymai (almoftas big as Foxes) being
anHars — plockifh, of long bodies;and large white {pots vpon the toppe oftheir tailessthefearefo —
called oftheir countrey (like the Elymean Dogs.) There bealfo Hares ‘called Mofchie,fo 3°
_ Called becaufe of their fweet fineil, or elfethat they leaue in their footíteps fucha {trong
Hermolaus, 1@00ur, wheteunto whenthe Dogges{mell, they are {aid to be almoft mad.
At Pifa the Hares be very great, becaufethere they haue more gratefull meatethan in
A fecret in ‘other places.
the Mulchi~ | Intheneather Pannonia they are much fatter and better tafted than they be in /taly,the
M Italian Hare hath his fore-legs low, a part of his backe pale or yellowifh, the belly white,
Oithecon- thecateslong :In Gallia beyond the Alpes, they are alfo white, and therefore fome haue
dieron thoughtthatin the winter time they eate fnow: and thisis certaine, that whenthe fnowe
parts. melteth, their colour is much altered. There hath beene white faired Conies whofe skin
was blacke, and haire of their eares blacke. They are bred in zibia, in Scithia, andin Italy, 40
in the top ofthe mountaines, and fo brought into other countries. Some againe haue bin
white in the Winter,andreturne to their former colour in Summer. There are greatftore
Bow, of white coniesin Vilea,and Lethwanya, but they are leffer efteemed, and fold cheaper.
(schenebergerus faith) the backe ofa Hare is commonly ruffet, or like oliue colourinterli- — :
ned with fome blacke fpots : the common Hareofthe Alpasneuer changeth colour, and
itis greater thanthe ordinary Hare. Thereare white Hares alfo in En gland, and in Mufco-
#ia, there area multitude of Hares of all colours, butno where fo many as in the defert I.
flands, becaufe there are no Foxes thereto kill the young ones, or Eagles which frequent
the higheft mountaines in the continent, and the people that inhabit there regarde not
hunting. tal ze :
| In Athens Mauerates faith) there wereno Hares, but Al/zus affirmeth the contrary. Hares
The Hires of PTOUghrinto Zara die prefently, and if they raunge a little about the countrey, yetre-
Ithaca, tune they backetothe hauen where they cameto lande, and departnot fromthe fhore
tilthey be dead. Hege/ander Delphus writeth, thatin the raign of Antigonus, there was {uch
anumber of Hares in Affipale«(and afterward in Leros)that the inhabitants were e
ne
$9
ro
40
ned to go to the Oracle, and demaund counfell how to refiftthe hares, fromwhom they:
| . receitied-anfweare,that they muft nourifh Dogges andkill them, and whereas they fo a2:
| 4o bounded in Zeros, whichat the peoples owne requeft and care multiplyed totheirgreat:
| — harme, afterward a figne of the hare was placed in heauen,.to remember chem that no-:
thing fo much hurteth mankind, as their owne defires, yet in auncient timethere wasnot:
a hareinthole
countries.
Inthe next place we are to defcribe all the parts and mém :
rableto behold how euery limbeand part of this beaft is compofed for celerity : and firft UC Cd.
ofall the head is round,nimble, fhort, and of conuententlongitude, proneto turn every,
bers of hares, for itis admi-:
artse
waysthe cares longe and lofty likean Affes, for nature hath fo provided, that euery
fearefulland vnarmed creature fhould haue longand large ears; that by hearing it might!
preuenthis enemies,and fauc it fclfe by üight:Thelippes continually: moue fleeping and
3o waking, andfrom the flit which they haue in the middle of their nofejcommeththeterax
of hare-lips, whichare fo deuided in men; for ifa woman with childe fec oneofthemfo- ^
dainly, it is dangerousifthe child proue not hair-lipt.They hauc alío teeth on both fides.
Whatfocuer beaftbe bornein your flocke; having that marke vpon them, whichis
commonly called hares-tooth, neuer fuffer them to fucke thei
r dam, but caftchem awaie
as vnprofitable and Baftard cattell; the necke of a hareislong;fmall,round,foft jaudflexie
bie; the fhoulder-bone ftraight and broad, for her more eafie turning; her legges before
foft and found, ftanding alittle afunder very flexible, broder behind then before,and the
hinder leggeslongerthen theformer, a breaft not narrowe, but fitted to take breath in
~
courfe, a nimble backe and flefhy belly, tender loines, hollow fides, fat buttockes filled:
vp, comely, {trong and neruy loines, the fore
modious taile for courfe. The eies are browne, it is a fubtil beaft, but notbold, it fildome
lookethferward, becaufe it goeth by iumpes.The cie-lids comming from the brows, are
feet very f lexible, onely it wantetha com-
Oftheit (e-
too fhort to couer their cies, and therefore this fenceis very weake in them, and befides
their ouermuch fleepe, their feare of Dogges and fwiftneffe, caufeth them to fee the
leffe ; when they Watch they (huttheir eies, and when they fleep they open them.
. A fecret,
Wherefore the Egyptians when they will (ignifie and open a manifeft matter, they,
fleeping. They watch forthe moft partallthe night: when the eye-lidofa
backe, foasit willnot couer the balloftheeye. The Grecians call it Z4-
pi&urea hare
man is pulled
gophthalmous, that is : hares eies, for fo doeth celizs defineit: itcommeth fometimes,
59 wheninthe cureitis cutaway too much, or elfewhen the hinder lid
other, but concerningthe colour of their eies, itisnot very
ftandeth not vp to meet the
fieldome taken
poffible to difcouer it,as wel tor the caufes aforefaid, as alfo becaufe it is
ras
falleth downe, and:
but dead, yet this is certaine, that with what colour it beginneth, in that it continueth to
the laft, according to Virgils verfes.
“Quem fuga non rapit ore Canum,non occulit vmbra
Concolor immotum f. ub Ioueterra tegit.
Aa
The
veral fences
43
Mi: E me i
I A nu mg
n i [:
n QM E
Dn i
ni
Í ‘Pa
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& u h
TH JE
D : ids
H1 t In
{ [EY
[d
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id
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Dr \
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B
id
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MC ci
ER.
Lp
P1. NN The Hiftorie.of Poure-footed Beafts.
The liuer is fo parted affunder, thata man would thinke there were two livers in one bo.
dy, and Pliny is boldto affirme, that in Br/letum , Thirne, Propontis, Sycynum, Bolba, and o-
ther placesthey areal fuch .. 4rebelaus vppon this occafion affirmeth, thata hare beareth
hice ut young both maie and female, fo that the Gramarians know not of what fex to make it. 4/-
yong like fe- bertusand Democritus are ablolute in this point. NP
males. Blonds confeffeth he canaot tell, the common fort of people fuppofe, they are one
yeare male, andanother female. Aelianus alfo affirmeth fo much, and by relation of his
friend, he ventereth the matter, and faith moreouer, thata male hare was once foundal-
moft dead, whofe belly being opened, there were three young ones aliue taken out of hir
"1 j - bellie,and that oneof themlooked vpaliue, after it hadlyena whileinthe Sunne, andit
put outthetongue as thoughiit defired meat, whereupon milke was brought to it, and fo
it was nourifhed. ; "TET
Butal this is eafily anfwered, ifa man followthe counfell of Archadius, and looke vpon
thefecrets of nature, he (halfinde a moft plaine diftin&ion : butthe hunters obic&that
there befome which are onely females and no. more: but no male that is not alfoa fe-
male,and fo they make him-an Hermaphrodyte INiphus alo affirmeth fo much,for he faw a
Hare which had ftonesand a yard, and yet was great with young, andalfo another which
wanted ftones;and the males genitall, andalfo had young in her: bellye; Romdeleins faith;
that they arerot ftones; butcertaine little bladders filled wich matter; which men find in
female- Hares with young; fuch asarevpon thebelly ofa Beuer, wherein alfo thevulgar
fort are deceiued, taking thofe bunches for ftones,as they do thefe bladders. And the vfe
ofthefe parts both ia Beuers and Hares is this ; thacagainft raine both oneand other fex
fucktherouta certaine humor, andaanoint their bodies all ouer therewith, and fo.arede-
t fended in time ofraine. The belly of aSow,a Bitch, anda Hare, haue many cels in them,
_... becaufethey bring forth many ata time, whena harelyeth downe, fhebendeth her hin-
‘der legs vnder herloines, as all rough-footed-beafts do. eat ilaJieio
They are deceiued which deliuer by authority of holy Scriptures that hares loueto
lodgethem vpon rocks, but we haue manifefted elfe-where, that thofe placesareto bee
vnderítood of Conies. They-haue fore-knowledge both of wind and weather, Summer
eAclians and Winter by their nofes, for inthe Winter they make their formes in the Sun-fhine,
Thes aere becaufe they canot abide froftand cold, and in the Summer they reft towardtheNorth,
giao ca remaining infome higher ground where they receiue colder ayre.
We haue fhewedalready that their fight is dimm, but yet heerin it is true that Plutarch
faith, they haue Vifum indefe[[nm , an indefattigable fence of feeing, fothatthe continu-
ance ina meane degree, counteruaileth inthem the want of excellency: Their hearing is
moftpregnant, for the Egyptians when they fignifie hearing pi&urea hare, and for this
eaufe we haue fhewed you already that their cares are long like hornes, their voyce isa
whyning voice, and therefore Authors call it 7zgitum, as they doea yong childs, accor-
tothe verfe of Ouid : ! | |
Intus aut infanti Vagiat ore Puer.
They reft inthe day time, and walk abroadto feed in the night,neuer feeding near home,
Their timeof either becaufe they are delighted with forren foode, or elfe becaufe they woulde exercife
fleep & food 4. : 5 SAS, inue: s à Y
their legs in going,or elfe by fecret infting of nature,to conceale their forms and lodging
places vnknowne, their harc and blood is colde, which Albertws affigneth for a. caufe of
their night-feeding: they eat alfo grapes, and whenthey are ouercome with heat, they eat
Alan, anherbecalled Lacfuca Leporina,and ofthe Romaines and Hetrurians , Ciferbita, ofthe
Venettans, Lactucinos,ot the French Lacferones, that is, hares Lettuce, hares houfe;hares
pallace, and thereisno difeafe in this beaft the cure whereof fhe doth not feeke for inthis
heatbe. Hares are faid to chewthe cud in the holy Scripture, they neuer drinke,but con-
tentthemfelues with the dew, and for that caufethey often fal rotten. Itis reportedby Phi-
lippus Belor thas whena hare drunke Wine fhee inftantly died, they render their Vrine
backwardes, and their milke is asthicke as a Swines,and ofall creatures they haue milke in
vdders before they deliuer their young. |
They areverie exceedingly giuen to fleepe, becaufe they neuer winke pany :
ome
t- NE S iis.
URS Our ate
af 4
Yo |
20
30
40
Ofthe Hare. 167. n
| fome authors deriuetheir name Zagoz in Grecke, from z4eizto fee, andthereupon the EUM
Grzcians haue acommon prouerbe Lagos Catheudon, afleeping Hate fora difemblin dA
and counterfetting períon , becaufe the Hare feeth when thee fleepeth, for this isan
admirable and rare Worke of nature, that all the refidewe of her bodilye partes
| take their reft, butthe eye flandeth continually fentinell. Haresadmitcopulation backe- oftheir co-
warde,and heerein they are like to Connies, becaufe they breede euery moneth for the pulation and 4 IE
moft patt,and that many ; at that time the female prouoking the male to carnal copulati- $"$*ndring- Ria
| on, and whilethey haue yong ones in theirbelly they admit copulation, whereby it com- |
| meth topaffethatthey donot litter alata time, but many daies afunder, bringing forth d
| 10 oneperfe&t, andanother bald without haire, but al blind like other clouen-footed-beafts. a
Itis reported that twoe Hares brought intothe Itle Carpathas, filled that Hand withfuch Du
aboundance, thatin (hort time they deftroyedal the fruites,whereuppon camethe pro-
| » neibeCarpathius Leporem, to fignifie them which plowand fow their owne miferies. 4
| Itfalleth out by deuine prouidence, that Hares and'other fearefull beafts which are :
| good for meat, fhall multiply to greater numbers in fhort fpace, becaufe they are naked BILE
and vnarmed, lying opentothe violence of men and beafts, butthecruelland malignant — 1 ni |
creatures which liue only vpon the deuouring oftheir mferiours,asthe Lyons,VVolues,
Boxes; aud Beares, conceiue but verie feldome, becaufe there is leffe vfe forthem in the
world,and Godin his creatures keepeth downe the cruellandrauenous, butaduanceth
| 20 the fimple, weake,and defpifed : when the female hath littered her young ones, fhe firfte
licketh them with her tongue,and afterwards feeketh out the male for copulation.
| Hares do fildome waxtame; and yet they are amongft them, whichareneither Placi-
| denor Fara, tame nor wilde;büt middle betwixt both, and Cardane giueth this reafon of m ildom MIHI
their vntamable nature, becaufe they are perfwaded that all men aretheir enemies. Se4li- PIS B ua
gerwriteth, that hefawa tameHareinthe caftleof Mount-Pe/al, whoe with her hinder An example: 4 |
inone litter, but layeththenma furlong one fromanother, that fo fhe may not loofethem
alrogether, if peraduenture men'orbeafteslight vppon them. Neither is (he carefull to othares.
feedeherfelfe alone; but alfo tobe defended againft herenemies, the Eagle, the Hawke, 4. serence " m |
the Fox, andthe Wolfe, for (hefeareth allthefé naturally, neither can there be any peace of the harea i he :
J
E
legges would comeand ftrike the Dogges ofher owne accord, as it were defieng their lae. | BRL
| — fórcejand prouoking chemto follow her. "Therefore fortheir meatetheymaybetamed — ^ Bm meg
| andaccnftomedto the hand ofman, butthey remaine vncapable of al difcipline and ig- i ADAMS
| norant óftheir teachers voice;fo as they canneuer be brought to be obedient to the call See |
| 3@ and command oftheir teacher, neither will go nor comeathis pleafure. : m Nu
| Itisafimplecreature; hauing no defence but to runaway, yetit is fübtilejas may ape ELTE M
| by changing ofherforme,and by fcraping out her foorfteps when fheeleapeth into her quist |
| — formleythatfo fhe may deceiueher hunters ;alfo fhe keepeth not her young ones togither Achams. fi ae
|
The fubtility ji
| " . » “ H
| — madebetwixther and them, but (he rather trufteth the fcratching brambles, the folitarie stint her e-
| , néimn16$,
ao
ets m
———
woods;the ditcliesand corners of rockes or hedges, the bodies of hollow trees and fuch
| go likeplaces, thena diffembling peace with her aduerfaries. : |
| / Ele wilde Hawke when fhetaketh a Hare, the fetteth one of her talants in the earth and
with the other holdeth her prey, firiuing and wraftling with the beaft vntilfhe haué pulled pspertus TUA
ouvlis eies;andtlien killetli him ‘The Foxes alfo compaffe the poor Hare by cunning, for dri ae
in the night time when he falleth into her foot+{teps, he reftraineth his breth,and holdech n Ll
| — dnhisfauor, going forward by litdeand litde;vntilhefind the form of the Hare, and then 8 | B
| athinkiog tofurprize herona fuddaine leapethat her to catch her, but the watchfull Hare M yi !
— —— Ó ere
"mE TENE GEI A
ee.
SON
-dothinot take fleepe aftera'careleffe manner , delighting rather ip fufpition than fecurity,
| . lwhen fhe pereciüethithe approaching offuch agueft, (for fhe windeth bim with her No- id PEN RI |
|. "ftrils)andthinketh it: better to goc from homiesthan make feaftto her foe... i Du umi
| $9. Whercfore fheleapeth oüt'of herforme and runneth away withall {peed (he can. The i |
| Foxe alfofolloweth buta farre off, and (he hearing heradtierfarie no more, betakech her | M
felfetoreftagainesynder forme bramble or other-bufh, fuppofing thatthe ground fhee ati e tA i;
hath gotten thal neuerbe recoüered of her againe : but the prouerbe is old and true, faite oe a |
and foftly gocth far, fothe Fox which feldome getteth meat but winneth it with bis wit 8¢ lg
|
| _ hisheels,folowerhas &ftas hecá,fora flow paceouertaketh the hareat reft,which whé fhe |
|3 bie Ja
|
dm urs
=
|
Hg
ivi Aa. 3 percei- i | ! | |
rm m mm eR e
— wee
ed
x
um En Eur ee gS pee
Aclamts,
The hunting
of hares,
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
petceiueth, forth fhee goeth againe, forfaking her quiet fleepe, for the fauegarde of her
lifej& hauing gone {o much ground as fhe did before, fhe betakech her torett the fecond
time; hoping that now fhee hath quit her felfe from her foe 5 but the Foxes belly hath no
cares, and therefore hunger is to him ikea thoufand whips, or a wholekennel of hounds,
forceing him forward after his game. pati | |
The hare for her better fauegard getteth vp into fome {mal tree, being fleepy and wea-
ry through the Foxes purfute; the Fox commeth to the tree and fhaketh it by the rootes,
and wil not fafferthe hare to takeany reft, for he hopeth that timeand trauel wil bring hir
tohis difh, (he leapes away againe, and letteth no graffe grow vnder hisfeet, hoping that
her heeles (hal deliuet her from the Foxes teeth: A fter followes the Fox, and at length(as ro
the greater purffe ouer waigheth the {maller,and the great horffe of Warre ouerwearietli
thelicce hunting nag,) fo doth the lufty limbes of the Fox, outlaft the weake legges of the
hare, and when fhe can go no more, needes mufther weakenes betray her to hic foe, and
fo was hir flight and want ofreftlike a fickneffe before her death, and the Foxes prefence
like the voice of a paffing bell. | | | /
Andon thecontrary,all the labour of the Foxe, likea gentle andkinde exercife for
the preparing of his ftomacke to fuch a feaft. The fift and leaftkind of Wolues atealfo c-
nemiestohares, and the Weafill docraftily fport and’ play with thehare vntill he haue
wearied him,aind then hangeth faft vpon her throat, and will not loofe her holde, runne
the hare never fo faft, till at laft through want of breath and loffe of blood,the falleth into 2e
the hands of her cruel play-fellow, who turneth {port into good earneft, & taketh nothing
from her but her blood, leauing her carcafle to be deuoured by the hands of others, and
|: ánthis manner is thefecly harc hunted by beaftes : Nowletvs heare how the is hunted of
men. - ya j Wi 5234]
“o> fris before expreffed, that euery limbe ofa hare is compofed for celerity, and there-
fore (he neuer trauellethbut iumpeth, her eares lead her the way in herchafe,for with one
- ofthem fhe harkeneth to thevoice ofthe dogges, and the other fhe ftretcheth forth like
afaile to haften her courfe, alwaies (tretching her hinder-feetbeyond her former, and yet
not hindering them at all, but fometimes when her ardeiit defire maketh her ftraine to
fly from the dogges, (he falleth into the nettes; for fuch isthe ftate of the miferable, that 30)
whiletheyrunne from one perill, theyfalintoanothers according to the faying of holy
Scripture, Efay-24. He that [capeth out of the fnare; foall fall into the ditch. And thisisto be
^. noted, that ifthe hare had the wit to runne forth right; arid neuer toturne, fhecouldnot
be fo eafily ouertaken, but becaufe of herloue to theplace of her breed, there fhe is taken
«.. and loofeth her life where fhe had her beginning : forfhepreferreth thar placeaboueall
' downe. * iu
other for fafty. Againe fomeofthe elder: hares, aflooneas they lieare the Dogges,fiye
tothe toppes of the high mountaines tor they more eafily runne vppe the hill; then
(odo NNherefore the hunter aft fladioufly auoid that difaduantagesandkeepeherdown
in the vallies.In paths and hygh wates fhee runneth more fpeedily , whereforethey.muft 49:
be kept from tharalfo-The hares ofthe mountaiaes dooftentimes exerciféchémfelüesin ^|
theplaine;andthrough pra&ife growacquainted withiibe neareft waiesto their ownlod-
ping; fo that ifat any time the husbandmenfet vpon them in the fieldes, they dally with
themtill they feeme to bealmoft taken; and then on a {uddain take the neareft way to the
mountains, not fufpeéted by the hinterssand fo takefané&tuary in the vnaceeflible places,
whether dogs nor horfe dare afcend,For the hares whichkeep in the bufhesarenotableto..
jndure labour, and not very fwift (by reafon of che paine in cheir feet) growing fatte tho-
rough idlenes and difcontinuance ofrunning, they muft be hunted on this fore ofir ft ofal
they gothrough young woodsand hedges, fuchas grow not very tliicke; for thechicker
‘hedges they leape ouer; but when they come to many thicke places thatthey-muftléape se | ^
ouer, they quickely fall downe and are tired: tg tO 2:8 Rang gs Cil; 9x0
The dogs firftofallgofrom them careleffely, becaufethey cannotfeethem through
the trees, but fuffer them to run in the woods following a farr off by the fcent;vntillatlaft
they getthe fight of her, and then through their better: exercifeand skill; eafily oueritake
her: butthe campeftriall or fielde-hare being leanerof body anid oftner chafed,istaken
. $ with
Of the Hare. 269
with more difficultie, by reafon of her fingular agility, fhetherfore when (he beginsher i
courfe leapeth vp from the groundas if (he flew,afterward paffeth through brambles and '
thicke bufhes with al expedition, and ifar any time fhe come into decpe graffe or corne |
fhe eafilie delmereth her felfe and flideth thorough it.And asivisfaide ofthe Lyons,that —— — B
withtheir tailes they ftirre vp their ftrength and courage, foare the eares of chisbeaft like I
Angels wings, (hips failes, and rowing Oares, to helpe her in her light;for whenfherun+
neth, fhebendeth them backward and vfeth them infteed ofínarpe fpursto prick forward
her dulnes;& in hir courfe fhe taketh not one way but maketh heades like laborinthes to
to circumvent and trouble the dogs, that fo (he may go whether (he wil, alwaies holdin
10 vppe ore care, and bending it at her pleafureto be the moderator of her chafe. Neither
is (hefovnprouidentor prodigallof her fttength, as to fpend ital in one courfe, but ob-
ferueththe force of her profecutor, who if hebe flow and fluggith, fhee is not profufe of
her celerity, but onely walketh gently beforethe Dogges, and yetfafely fromtheir clow-
ches, referuing her greateft ftrengthtoher greateft neceffity, for (he knoweth that fhee
can out-runne the. Doggeswhen fhe pleafeth, and thereforeitisa vaine conceit to trou-
ble her felfe morethentheisvrged. Butiftherebea Doggefellowing her morefwiftly
then the refidew,then fhefetteth forward withalltheforce {hee canjand when the hath
left both hunters and Dogsa great way behind her, fhe getteth to fome little hillor rifin
| ofthe earth, there fheraifeth her felfevpon her hinder legges, like a VVatch-man in his
| 2e Tower, obferuing how farre or neare the enemy approachetb, and perceuingthat fhee
is deliuered f rom purfuit ofall daunger, feemeth to deride the imbecillitie of their for-
ces: : d | cni | Si
The younger hares by reafon oftheir weake members, tread heauier vppon the earth
then the elder, andtherefore leaue the greater fauour behind them and 1n ancient time i
ifthe Hunters had takena young Leuerit, they let her go againe inthe honour of Diana. a
At a yeareoldthey runne very twiftjand their fauour is ftronger in the woods thenin the |
plaine fields. euotci sri DNE
The Hareis followed by thefooteand fo difcryed, efpecially in foft grounds or high 1 EUR
!
RES NU C ER eS
rA
S=cEs =
SRO ee Res E
— —À
Dmm
waies,but ifthey goto therocks,to the mountains, orto the hollow places;they are more "uy n i
3o vncertaine;if they liedown vponthe earth (as they louc to do)in red fallow groutids;they 2 dus EURO E
are eafllydefcryed. —. Reiss York aid we a
When they are ftarted in the plaine fields they run far, butin the Woods they make A B.
fhort courfes:If they heare the Dogges, they raifethemfelues ontheirlegges and runne i | | ,
from them, but iffearefull immagination oppreflethem, as they oftentimes are very fad | op WEN |
and melancholy, fuppofing to heare the noife of Dogges where there are none {uch Ma ia
ftirringy then doe they runne too and fro, fearing and trembling; as if they were fal. ^ | ü
lenmad. ^^ — | TET jor Lu i P
‘Their footftepsin the Wintertimeare more apparant then in the Summer, becaufe M n :
as the nights be longer, fo they trauell farther: neitherdo they fmellin the winter Mor- VL MIN a
| go Rings fofooneasit is day vntill the froftand yce be thawed, but efpecially their footfteps | ! We |
| are vncertainein the full moone, for then they leape and play together fcattring and put- y P E
ting outthefauour nor in the fpringtimealfo whenthey do ingender,, they confound DI UN d
one anothers footfteps by multitude. a1 diY1aa:4l LH
They which will goe foorth to hunt or take pleafure in that paftime, mutt rife earely, BBE, d
leaft they be depriued ofthe fmell of her foote-fteps, fo (hall notthe dogges be able any an W
waieto fiad the Hare, nor the hunters their game and paítime : forthe nature of the foot+ | u "X
ftepremaineth not long; butfuddenly ina manner vanifhethawaie euerie houre.Againe; "h | |
they muft fet the hils and rockes,theriuers and alfo the brooks with nets and gins, there-« a d |
| — byasitwere ftopping vp the flarting holes,paths,and waies,wherein the hare forthé moft meee ek
|g part eruftech,whether they be broad or narrow: The befttime for theeffedting & bringing
Aa 3 | hectof | MI
E A
ins
X
Ee DIY X E cM ctr ie aries
dee e
erga DW = Hr"
ae nui o e
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
heereofis after the Sunnerifing,and not in twy lightor breakeoftheday, leaf the néttes
be fetneare the Hares forme, and (he befcarred away, but ifthey:be fer a farre off, there
is no daungerof her departure after the Sunne is vp, becaufe then {hee giuech her (clfe to
- sleepe: the nets muft befet onthis manner, let the rodes bee pitched vpright; fattning
their {nares to the tops, raifing the net.in the middle, and hange along ftoneat one fide,
_ thatwhenthe Hare is inthe net fhe may not go out agaiae. When the Hare is raifed, hee
which followethhertothenets, mutt driue her in with great cry, and being intheiner; he
muft gently reftraine the Dogs, and make fignification to the hunter that: theis taken, or
elfe ific faile, let bimhewthe contrary. eh luo
The keeper ofthe re:smuftkeepe filence, leaft by hearing of his voice thebeauerted,
and the hunter mutt cake che Dogsand gotothe forme, there to ftart the Hares and die
fafhionwasin auatienttime among the Pagans, fic(t ofallto call vpon Apollo and Diana,
(their immagined Goddes of hunting) to fpeede their fport, to whome they promifed
p oftheir game.But when the dog isfent; forth, and after much winding and cafting a-
out; falleth nto the foorlteppe of rhe Haresthen let him loofe another, and Íceing them
ranneinonecourfe,vncoupleall the houndes, let him follow after, fpeakingto his dogs
by name, fay ing nowe. 4, then B. HoikaC.and {uchlike Words of Art, not prefling them
too eagerly at the beginning, butgeritlie encoraging them to the purfuit. -....,.| oo
The Dogs take this fora figne of ioy, and being glad to gratifie their maifters; runalong
with gallant cry; turning ouer the doubrful footiteps, now oneway, then another, like che
cuts of Indentures, through rough and plain, crooked and ftraight,dire@& and compaffe,
wagging of their tailes, and gliftering with their eies,vntil they find the Hares form : then
they make fignification thereofto the hunter withtheir tailes;voices, and paces ; howe
running together, now flanding ftil deuidedafunder,they fetvponthe beaft who fudain-
ly rifethi;andturnesthe cry ofthe hounds after hir flight, thea maft the hunters cry out:
1o Dogsythere boies; there 72.4 1258,10, C ànd the fhorteft word is fitteftto applawde
the Dogs. «elslsi
Verse hunter alforunne after, fo as he neuer meet the Hareand troublethehounds,
the poore Hare gets her out of fight;and runs tothe place where the was firftiftarred,but
if foe fallinto the nets by the way ,the keeper of theneis muft give token to the hunters by
his hollowing voice, after the vfuall manner of woodmen : O Oha, O che, that the’ gameis
at anend, and then callthe Dogsby name : Ifthe Hare run farre; and ftand long on foot,
and ifthe dogs páffeouer the Hares foot fleps and diftry chem not, then muft the hunter
recalthemwirha peculiar hunting terme, and lead them to the place; or cafting aboutit
asneareas hecan, rebuking the Dogges that rangeat vnceriaincies, and exhorting them
that be diligent’; who;wheirthey haue found the footings againe, run on as before,with al
alacrity.Inthe mean feafon let the hunter ftand (till tilthe dogs do infalliably demonftrat
vnto him that they haue fourid the game againe, then lecthe hunter proceedeas before,
exhorting his dogsto tke {port,and if it laftal day, the hunter muft regard that he reftrain
Io
20
andkeepe the Doggesto the wearyed Hare, leaft if they flarvafrefh one, their labour be 49
loft. - If itbein Summer about noone; let him reft his dogges for ftréngthning of their
feetetill the heat be ouer 5ifitbe fnowy weather, and the wiade fet Northerly, the foote-
fteps remaine longand arenot eafely melted, but if the South winde blowe, the foote
ftepsarevery quickly fhortened: and neitherwhen the fnowe falleth faft, ot the winde
bloweth ftrong; muftthe Dogges beledde foorth to hunting; forthe {now burneth the
Dogeesnofes,andthefrott killeth the heat of the Hares foot; then letthe hunter take his
nets and fomeotliercompanion with him,andgo to the woodes or mountaines, tracing
out the foot: fteps of the beatt inrhe fnow vnto the forme, whichis in fome fteep or fha-
dowed place, where the windes blow'ouer the fnow, for in {uch places doth the Hare feek
herlodging; hauingfoundit, let him not come too neare, leaft he raife her from hir feat, 59
but caftround about, and if he find no footings from that place, he may take it for graun-
tedthat the Hare is found. *
Hauing fo done, let him leaue her, andfeekeanother before the fnow be mele, and the
footings da(hed, hauing refpe&to the time of the day, that fo he may inclofeandtake
them before the euening : then let him draw his nets round about them, compafing the
whole
__
5 TAN Of the Hare. :271
whole plat wherein fhee refteth; and then raife her from her ftoole: if fhe auoide the ner,
he mutt follow her by the foot vnto her next ‘lodging place, which will not be far off if he
“followher clofesfor the fnow doth weary het and clot vpon her hinder feet, fo as the hun-
"ter may take her with his hand, or kil her with his ftaffe, © © 0 i
Blondus (howeth another way of taking Hares: The hunters fpread and deuide them-
felues by che vntilled and rough wais,leading a Grey-hound in à flip, beating thebufhes,
hedgésjand thornesjand many times fending before thema quicke firielling Hound,
whieh raifeth the Hare out of het miife and then‘let eoe the Grey-hound wich hunting
terms,andcryes exhorting him to follow the game ; and many times the Dogs teare the
10 ES ifito many pieces, buc the hunters muft pull chem bleeding from the mouth of their
Opsio: 25Wog Barly Leo? es Hj
Otheis agáirieligin waitebebinde Buthes and trees to takethe Hare ona füdden,arid
fome in the vineyards,for when théy are fat & tefty they are eafily ouertaken,effecially in Ss
"the'eold Of wiritet «Cyrus (as appeareth in Zenophon) was taught to make ditches for the
"trapping of Hares’ in their courfe, andthe Eagles and Hawkes ‘watch the Hare when fhe
s raifed and huritéd by the houndés} and fet vpon her on the right fide, wheteby they kill
‘and take Her; fo that itis true whichwas faid at the beginning jthat’ Hares are hunted by
men4üdbeafts. ^'^' yid 503.10 gr e ; |
Hàcing thus difcourfedof hunting and taking of hares ow it followeth alfo ina word Of parks and
$e ortwoto difcourfe of Parkes or inclofed VVarrens, wherein Hares, Conies, Deere, Yt*ns of
Boares, apnd other fuch beaftes may alwaies bee ready, as it were out ofa ftore-houfe or ie
Íeminary to ferue the pleafure and vie oftheir maifters. Grapaldus faith, that the firft Ro-
man that euer inclofed wilde beafts; was Fuluius Herpinus and Gillis faith that Varro had
the firft warren of Hares : the mannér was (faith Columellay that Richmen poffeffed of il | "un "
] T
1
whole Towns and Lordíhips, neare fome village, inclofed a peece of land by paile, mud-
walljorbüfhe, ftoring the fame with diaers wilde beaftes, and fucha one there wasin the LM
- Lord(hip that Furrebought of Marcus Pifo in Tufeulanum : and Quintus Portentius faw at AEN
Lawretum 2 wood inclofed, containing fifty Akers, wherein were nourifhed all fortes of i .
wild beafts, within the compafie ofa wall. | 1
go Quintus Althea command ed his forefter tocall the beaftes together before him and his
gueftes fitting at fupper, and inftantly he founded his pipe, at the voice whereof there af-
fembled rogethera great company ofall forts, tothe admiration ofthe beholders. Quin- |
tus Puluius hada Parkein Tarquinium, wherein were included not onely allthebeiftes be- ü i M
forefpoken off, but alfo wilde fheepe, and this contamedforty Akers of ground: befides ; OM |
he had two other. Pompatus ere&eda Parkein France, containing the compaffe of three Wi M |
thoufand paces, wherein hee preferued not onely Deere, Hares, and Connies, butalío i dm
Dor-mife, Bees, and other beaftes ; the marinet “whereof eught to be thus; firftthatthe 4 P" g
walles or pales be high, or clofe iointed, foas neither Badgers , nor Cattes may creepe i "E
through, or Wolues, or Foxes, may leape ouer : Wherein ought alfo to be bufhes, and Wo MB E
40 broadtrees forto couer the beaftes again{t heate and cold;and other fecret places to cen- i M WE |
terit their natüres; andto defend them from Eagles and other rauening foules : In which, muta
threé or foure CoupleofHares do quickly multiply intoa great warren. Itisalfogood to iran aint,
fowe Guoards, Mifeline, Corne, Barly, Peies, and fuch like, wherein Hares delight and Po
willthereby quickly waxe fat. For their fatting, che hunters vfe another deuice, they put Di if
waxe into theit’eares, and fo make them deafe, then turne them into the place where they oom |
x. mE ae
flould feed, whete being freed from the feare of founds (becaufe they want hearing)they
grow fat before other of their kind. Bet
Concerning the vfe of their skins,in fome countries they make fleeues and breeches of the civil vfe RU dr |
them, efpeciallj lynings forall outward colde difeafes. Heliogabalus lay vpona bed filled of thei teuc- MN d
«o With flew or woollof Hares, fór then that, thereis nothing more foft, for which caufe the ‘all parie. ; |
Grecians madefputiges tliereof,to clenfe the ies of men. The Gold{mithes vfe the feete
ot Legses of Haresin {teed of brufhes or broomes, to take off the duft from their plate. M (M
The fleth of lares hath euer beene accounted a delicate meate (among all other foure- 1 WOO TRY |
footed-beaftes) asthe "Thrü(h'ámong the foules of the aire, according to the faying of . M Tou ww.
Martial! : ] !
A Anier a d
i i
i
uz E Frais BPS T == - zT mun cn = ^ ra 224 a ome Wise cie rr er ee EA re eem ie ul. PCR DET I -
; 3 c ": “ : - — See SSS SS SS = P y
acm met me e m e nt e
The Hiflorie.of Foure-footed Beafts: —
(s Inter aues Tardus fi quis me iudice certet. poster otoriies
Inter quadrupedes gloria primalepus, vd ctfi si
c. [nauncienttime (as Celius faith) the Brittons, were forbidden to eate Hates; like
as the Jewes by the law of Mofes, Leu. x1 Deut..14.« Plutarch inquireth the reafon whye
_the Jewes woríhip {wine and. Hares becaufe they did not eate their. fie(h: whereunto an-
{wer was made, that they abftained from Hares, becaufe their colour, eares,.and cies,
were like affes 5 wherein,the ignorance of Gods law appeared, for they abftained from
Hares at Gods commandement, becaufe they wetenotclouen-footed,for the Egyptians
accounted all fwift creatures to be partakers of diuinity, ds k eft
Their &c(h ingendereth thicke blood, therefore itis to bee prefcribed for a dry diet,
for it bindeth the belly, procureth vrine, and helpeth the paine in the bowels : bu yet it
is notgood for an ordinary diet, it is hotand dry in the fecond degree, and Pb s it
nouri(heth but little being (o hard, as Gallen witneffeth. HS
- Thebloodis farre more whot then the flefh, it is thinne,and theref ore watery like the
Tke bloud a; Dlood ofall fearefull beaftss the hinder parts from theloinesare moft delicate meate, cal-
ficheatea led in Latine Pulpamentum,itwas wont to be drefled withialt, & Coriander feed, yecthe
forevart is the {weeter, for the manner of the dreffing whereof I leaueto euery mans hu-
mour. It was oncebeleeued that the eating of the hinder loines ofa hare would make one
faire or procure beauty ,wherupon Martiall receiued a hare from Gelliaa friend of his with
this meffage :
Formofus feptem Marce diebus eris.
Andhe retorted the ieft in this manner vpon Gellia;
Sime non fallis fi verum ux mea) dicts
Edifti nunquam Gellia tuleporem.
Lampridius writeth thata certaine Poet played vpon Alexander Seuerus the Emperor for
eating: hares flefhe, which made him faire, whereas in truth hee was very black; Inthis
manner 5 | |
Pulchrum quod vides effenoftrum regem
Quem Syrum [uum detulit propago
Venat ws facitye lepus come[us
Ex quo continuum eapit leporem.
The Emperorfeeing thofe verfes, for Emperors hauing long earesand hands, madean-
{wer vnto themas followeth s |
Pulchrum quod putas e([fe veffrumregem
Vulgari, (miferande) de fabella,
Si verum putas efe non ira[cor
Tantum tucomedas velim lepufculos
Vt fias animi malis repulfis
Pulcher, ne inuideas liuore mentis. ij |
Ifany man finde fault with the Emperors verfes, Erafmus hath already anfweredthe ob-
ie&ion, that Kings and Emperors are not fubie& to lawes of verfefieng, befides his aun-
{wer was in Greekeand this is but cranflated.
The eating of hares procureth fleepe,and thus muchifor the flefhand parts. The E-
|| pethites of a Hare expreffing their natures are, Eared,trufting their feet,feareful, careful,
The epithit fruitefull, dying; raging, vnhorned, little, crafty, cender, (harp-fmelling, fwift, whining,
and wandering ; befide many other Greeke names. When Xerxes gathered his Army to
AME goc againft Graecia, a man brought forth a Hare which fore-fhewed that great Armye
Li: xd , thould worke no ftrangeeíte&. Andanother mare of three yeare old broght forth a hare
Hares, which fpake as fooneas it was littered, biting her mother. with her teeth, and killing her $9
| and whilethey looked vpon her, fucking her dams blood, fethers grew out of her backe in
fafhion of wings, which being done the mofter liftiug vpthe voice, fpake in this manners
Fundite iam lachrymas & {ufpiria miferi mortales,ege hine abeo : that is to {ay JO ye wretched
mor‘all men weepeand fighIgo away : at which words fhe flew away and was neuer feene
more.
There
A Of tbe Hares | ss 273
There were prefent atthefight heereof feuen publikenotaries, which called witneftes
and made inftrumeuts thereupon, (as Antonius Bautius writeth in his Epiflle to Petrus N
| Tolet us of Lyons in the yeare 1537+ In December: ) whereunto the faide Toletus made
thisanfwer, [he daies (hall come (faith he) exceptthe mercy of God preuenttbem, that
| children (hall thinke they doe obedienceto their parents ifthey put them to death:
| . They fhall grieve becaufe they were borne, andfay they are‘adulterate, as the Hare
| that was borne of the Maire. Likewife itis reported by Zé/ander, thar when the Corinthi-
| ans refufed the condué ofthe Lacedemonians, andthe Licedemonians befiedging the Cit.
| ty,felltobevery much afraid, and vnwilling to fcale the walles ; whilesthey {tood in this
| go amaze, fuddenly a Hareleaped out of the towne ditch; which thing when Léfander faw he
| exhorted his Souldiers, faymg ;Benot afraid (O ye spartanes) of this fluggith and vnex-
etcifed people, for youfeethey ftirre noroucofthe city, bur fuffer Hares tolodge vn-
der their Valles ; wheteupon came the: prouerbe ( Dormire lepores fabmoenibas : Hares
| fleepe vnder their. Walles; to figuifte a flothfull, fecure, fluggifh; idleyand vnthrifty
| eople. ^ ^: bes! T 2 Dc Eloenmwosniesbsus!
| j The Eagles of Norwaylay their younge ones in Hares skinnes , whichthemfelues pull
| off, There is alfo a bird in Scithia, aboutthe bignefle ofa Buftard; which bringeth forth
| — twoatatimeé,andkeepethtbem in a Hares skinne which fhe bangetbvpon a bough Hares
were dediéated to lode; becaufe( Xenophon faith) there is no man that feeth a Hare burhe
0 remernbredwhathehathloueds |) oo eee os Lion o le: Ro arillcl mot
Theyfay the citty Bear of Latonia was builded by a figne of good fortune taken from
- a Hare, for when the inhabitants were driuen out of their counzrey they went tothe Ora-
cleto defirea placeto dwellin, from whom they réceiued anfwer, that Diana fhould fhew
| thema dwelling place: they going out of their countrey ahare metwith them which they
confented to follow; arid there to build where the Hare fhould lodge,and they. followed
herto amiyrtle tree; where che hare hid her felfesin which placethey buildeditheircitcy,
| and cuet afterwards retained with veneration a my rde tree. Andthus I willconclude this Padi tl mag
| amorrall difcourfe-of hares; with that Epigram of Martial made vponoccafion ofa hare A EUIS Ne
| — "thatin fportpaffed through the mouthand teethofa tame Lyon; faying that (he was am- n TM E
| 8o bitious inioffering her lifetothe Lyonsteeth inthis wifes ^ 755570 9 Sei as 3099 HOA]
Lolouxd s! Non faeit ad feuoscernix nifi prima lesnes 20 50 tsligtotai sire E. Eu |
seiliezt'a maeris ad te de[cendérétaurus 2090300. oolenim bas oon LP M
i poison oo qefperandatibi effingentis gloriafatà «meo ioo t Muri
| 13853 risorse o |: Quid fugis bos dentesambitiofe lepus ^ 221 es 5tl3 n sors D ;
| ouv bsddu: rac Et qua non cernuntfrangerecollavelint ooo qoi pani! "n m]
| yu 4o eons ND potes hoc tenuis prada [ub hoffe mori. 130 wovit1o 015312: 1 "-
| Thep?wder ofa bare with oyle of mirtle, dryueth away painein thehead, and the fame DU l: '
45 burned exeth the cough: thé powderthercof is: good for theftone in the-bladder :alfO Ty. meai- M i |
the bloodand &rie otahare burnt ina raw pottó powder; afterwards déunke fafting with cins of Hares i
| — NWinednd warme water; itcureththe ftone : and sextas faith; hee made trial] ofit by put- Plinye il | !
| ting a fpoonefull of the powder into Water-wherein wasa fand: ftone, and the fame ftone n ii;
| . -didinftanelymeltand difolue:fo likewife a young late cut out ofthe damsbelly and burnt 5 Li
| . xopowdet; hath the fame operation. A waftcoarmade of hare skins {traightenthe bodies P me)
| ‘of youigeand old: alfo the fame dipped in oyle laide to the fore places ofahorfles Legges jp 1
| wheretheskinne is off by ouer reatching ;itoftemeureth the fore::the blood taken warnie E i
| eutefthebody amendeth Sunneburning, freckles; prmples, and many other faultes ih ! WX o |
| skinheatid faces which Cel/ur prefcribeth to bee doone firft by wathing theplace many a |
3? hourei together; ia the morning with the blood;and afterwardes annoynting it with oile: al
| the fame vertue is in the fat of fwarines mingled with oyle, according to the faying of Se- H 4
venus : r ith scope wed snipic* . | Wi
| sesntbssr condi gyemeas adipes hilari mifertolyao, bovals | lr : ORUM UE
| gerd baw dos ott game malum propere maculofo ex ore fugabis | BOLA
iiec ioo ontsdmguime webleporis morbus delabitur omnis
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The Fiftory if Foure-footed Beafts. —
Italfo cureth and taketh away the thicke skin of the cie it adorneththe skinne, produceth
haireinableplaces;and eafeth the gout.
! - Or no cutim, perduco pilos c fedo podagrani
it Sanguine fi fuerint membra perunifa meo.
Ttbeing fried helpeth thebloody-flixe, vicers in the bowels, an old laske, andtaketh away
the poy{on ofan arrow: It beiag annointed vpon a whot outward vicer it ripeneth it. Af-
tera bath, it cureth agreatleprofieby wafhing. The rennet of a Hare flaieth loofeneffe,
the flefhis profitable for vlcers inthe bowels, it breaketh theftone being beaten, and be-
ing decoéted like a Fox eafeththe goutandthe thrinking vp of the finnewes. The fat with
the flowers of beanes beaten together, draweth thornes ourofthefleth; Ifanaile fticke
iu the fole ofthe foote beat together the fat ofa hare and a rawe fea-crab,then lay itto the
place andright againft it vpon the fame footelay alfotwo or threebeaneflowers,and let
ithe a day anda nightand fo it {hal be cured: andthe fame draweth a poifoned arrow out
ofa Horffe. Andreas tevorteth to Ge/ner that he hath oftenheardthat the fewet ofa Hare
layed tothe crowneofa womans head, expelleth her fecunds, anda dead child ourofthe
wombe. The powder made of this. wool or haire ftauncheth bleeding, if the haires be pul-
led offfrom a liue Hatre;and ftooped into the nofe. . tbid isis .
The powder of the wool of a Hare burned,mingled with the oyle of Mirtles,the gal of
a Bull, and Allum warmed at the fire and annointit vppon the heade, fefteneth the haire
from falling off : alfo the fame powder decoéted with Hony, helpeth the painein thebo-
wels, althionghthey be broken: being taken in a round ball the quantity of a beanetoge-
ther; butthefe medicines muftbe vied.euery day. udzdmisdrasdaa
Araoldds prefcribeth the haiteto-be cut fhort andfo to be taken into thebody againft
bur(ineffe::: A perfume made of the dung and haires of a Hare, and the fat ofafea-calfe;
draweth forth womeris-f lowers. -Thefeede. of awilde Cowcumber,and an: Oy fter fhell
burned; and put into Wine, mingled with the haire ofa Hare; and wooll ofa fheep,with
: the flowerofrofes, cuteth inflamations of womens fecrets áfter their child-birth.. Alfo
Hipocrates prefcribeth the fhel ofa Curtle-fith tobe beaten into wineand layed in theeps
woolland Hates haire, helpeth the falling downe of the wombe:ofa woman with child. If
amausfeete be fcorched with cold, the powder ofa Hares Wooll isa remedy for it. ‘The
head ofa Hare burnedand mingled with fat of Beares and vineger, caufeth haire to come
where itisfallen off, and Ga/lenfaith that fome baue v(ed the whole body ofa hare fo bur-
nedand mingled for the forefaid cure, being layed in manner of a plaifter. |
By eating ofa hareshead thetreinbling of the Nerues and the loffe ofmotion and
fence inthe members receiueth finguler. remedy. Thefe thinges: alfo preferueth teeth
from aking :the powder ofa hares head burned with falemingled together, rubbed vpon
the teeth or if ye will putthereunto. the whiteft feanell; and che-dryed beanes ofa Cutle
fifh. |
-"TheIndians burnetogether the: hates: héad-and mice for this purpofe i; When-ones
. mouth finellech ftrong this powder with fpicknard affwageth the fmell. The braite is good
aeainft poifon. The heart of a Hare batbin yt a theriacall vertuealfo, The braineis pro-
| uedtobàue powet initfor comforting and reparing the memory. The fame fodand ea-
tenhelpethtremblings which hapeneth in theacceflions of fickneffe, fuch as one.is in the
cold fhaking fit of an A gue: It isto bee: noted; that all trembling bath his originall caufe
from the infirmitie or weakeneffe ofthe Nerues, as\is apparantin olde agesalthónghthe
ámmediatcaufes maybe fome cold con(titationjas aboundance of cold humors;drinking
of cold drink, and fuchlike 5 all which tremblings are cured by eating the braine ofa hare
roafted, (faith Diofcorides and Egiveta.sItal{o helpeth children to breed teeth eafily}if che
gummes be rubbed therewith, for ithath the fame power againft inflamation ;tharhony
and Butter hath: being drunke in wineand the ftones thereof rofted and eatensit is good
for him which hath any paine in his bladder,and ifthe vrine exceede ordinary :for ftay-
ing thereoftakethe braine heereofto be drunke in wine. i swt
The tooth ofa hare layed to that part where theteethake, eafeththem. Take the mawe
wich the dung init, and wafhitin old wine fo as the dung may mingle therewith, and then
giucittooncficke of thebloody flixe, and it (hal cure him, ‘The rennet hath the fame ver-
Jn tuc
4^5
YS
198
20
39
49. |
je
«257 MOE GR be Have. | 275
|
|
| ' tmethatisina Calues or Kyds,and whereas Nicander praifeth it inthe firft place, for the
| vertueit hath init againft poyfon, Nicoon an ancient Phifitian gineth it the fecond place, 4, fail
for itis full of fharpe digefting power, and therefore hath a drying, quality. It diflcluech Gallen *
the congealedand coagulated milkein the belly, and alfo clotted blood within in the fto-
mach more effectually, then the rennet of any other beaft, being alway the better for the
c. aches
| Being mingled with vineger, itis drunke againft poyfon, and alfo ifa man or Beaftbee Diefrarie;
| annoynted with it,no Serpent, Scorpion, Spider, or wilde Moufe, whofe teeth are ven0-
mous will venter to fting the body foannoinsted’or elfe inwardly take thereof three{poon-
| ro füls with wineagain(t chefaid bitings,or ofany Sea-fith or Hemlocke after the wound re-
| E ;and with vinegeritis foueraigne again(t all poifon of Chameleons, or the blood of
| — Bulles. : :
| The fame being drunke in vineger or applyed outwardly to womens breafts, difper-
| fet the coagulated milkein them : alfo being mingled with Snailes,oraiy other thelfith,
| which feede vpon greene herbes or leaues, it drawech forth Thornes, Dartes, Arrowes,
or Reedes out of the belly : or mingled with gum of Franckincenfe, Oyle, bird-lime, and
| Bees-glew, of each an equall quantity with vineger, it ftauncheth blood and all yflues of
| blood flowing out ofthe belly : and it alfo ripeneth an old fore, according co the :ay ing of
| Serenus; eh eo
| 20 ooo Stindacas leporis afpera coagula vino.
|. Beinglàyedtothekings cuillin Lint with vineger, ic diff perfeth and cureth it: alfo it hea-
| — leth Cankers, it curethaquartan Aue, alfo mixed with Wineand drubke with vineger,
againftchefalling euill and the ftonein the bladder: If it bee mixed with Sagapamum and
Wine Amyney, and infufed into the eares, giveth help,as alfo the paine of the teeth. It p joftovides
diffolueth blood in the lights and eafeth the paine of blood congealed in your ftomacke:
when one fpiteth blood, if he drinke Samia and Mirde wine, with the rennet ofa hare, ic {hal
giue him very prefent eafe. | 4
"'Thelater learned Phyfitians take a drinke made of vineger and Water, and giue it
warme to eie@ and expell blood out of the Lightes, and ifany drop thereof cleaue in the
NET bowels, then doe they three oz foure times together iterate this potion, andafter apply
and minifter all binding aftringent medicines and emplafters, and for the bloody-flix it is Uy ||
good to be vied: Itis held alfo profitable by Diofcorides and other the ancients, that if the q 1S SEEN |
| ap or breftofa Woman beeannointed therewith, it ftayeth the fucking infantes loofe- 3 Thor wl
nefle ofthe belly, or elfe giuen to the child with Wine, or (ifithauean Ague) with Wa- | | |
ter. ba
There is faith 44rzffotlein the renneta fiery quality,;but not in the highefi degree, for as 3 n
fire diffolueth and difcerneth,fo doth this in milke diftinguifh theayery partfrom the wa- i M"
|^ tery, and the watery from the earthye : Wherefore when onetaftethan olde rennet, he mo al |
| — fhall thinke hee tafteth an old putrified Cheefe,but as leauen is to bread which hardneth x ih i | 1 v
(| 40 ioyneth, and feafoneth the fame, fo is rennet to Cheefe; and therfore both of them haue 1 | |
| 5" thefame qualityes of diffoluing aud binding : Galenaffirmeth that hecured onc of gow- |
ty tumours and fwellings, by applying thereunto olde and ftrong putrified cheefe beaten itd
ina morter, and mixed with the falted fatte orleg ofa Swine. Ifa man ficke ofthebloo- | Dr
j
Marcellus,
E
ua
an
| — dy-flixe drinke thereof ina reere egge two fcruples for three daies together fafting, it will
| procure him remedy. | |
| For pacifieng the Collicke, drinke the rennet ofa Hare : the fame mingled with Goofe
| greafe, ftayethghe incontinenfie of vrine,ic alfo retaineth womens flowers. If icbe drunk ;
| withvineger it helpeth the fecunds andbeing applied with Saffron andthe iuyce of leeks, ii i UN |
| — drinetha dead child outofthewombe. Ificbe drunke three or foure daies together after ele
Vi go Child birth it caufeth barrenneffe. There are (faith P//zy) akind of Wormes which being
|
boundto women before the funne ry(ing in a harts skin, caufe them that they cannot con-
ceiue :this power is called A4fciez. h Wu M
| Ma/farius (aith, thatifa Woman. drinke this rennet to her meate before fhe: snceiue lr Tut l,
| with child, fhe (hallbedeliuered ofa Male child : and fuch is the foolifh opinion ofthem : LN
which affirmeat this day, that if men eate parfly or white buds of blacke yuie, it maketh | aw
them vnable to caraall copulation. The i ! 1 |
MU
276
Actius
Sextit.
PA ie
Galen.
Awcen
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafls. — .
The rennet of a Hare eafeth anddifperfeth al tumors and {wellings in womens breafts,
tlie Lights ofa Hare powdred with falt, with Franckinfens,and white Wine, helpeth him
that is vexed with the falling (ickneffe; if he receiueic thirty dates together. Sex£u afcri-
beth the fame remedy tothe hart, aud Plz) commendeth the Lights to heale the paine:
in the eies;by binding it vpon the eies. Being drunke in powder, it cureth thefecrets . If
the heeles be troubled withkybes they are healed with the fat of Beares ; but if they bee
wrungewith a cold,they.are healed with the duft ofa Hares haire, or the powder ofthe
Lights; Likewife whenthe foore is hurt with ftraightthooes, it hath the fame operation.
The ancient Mag; tooke the skin ofan Oxe in powder, with the vrine of Boies, and {prink-
ledit onthe toes ofthere feete, binding the heart ofa Hare tothe hands of him that hath
a quartan Ague: andfome cure it by hanging the heart ofa young hare or Leueret tothe
necke or arme, in the beginning of tHe fit of him thatis fo vifited. The heart of a hare dri-
ed mixed with Franckincenfe or Manna in white wine drunke thirty daies together,cureth
the falling ficknefie. wehslon |
For the paine in the belly take the fame medicine, and being drunke with warme water
. mingled with Samia, cureth the fluxes of women : alfo if a man that hath the fluxe eat the:
Liner ofa Hare dippéd in fharpe vineger it helpeth him if hee b ec Liuer ficke: orifone
haue the falling fickneffe; eate the quantity ofan ounce thereof, and it helpetli him. The
gall ofa Hare, the Hart, Lungs, Lights and liver ofa Weafill, mixed together,three
drams, one dram of Ca/foreum, fours drams of Myrrha,a dram of vineger and Hony beat
togetherjcureth himthathath a fwimming or dizzineffe in his brain. The gal newly taken
forth mingled with alike portion ofhony, and warme in the skinne ofanonyop, and fo
put into the eare, giueth remedy to him that can heare nothing. '-
Ifhe that ís ficke in the melt, that is if it be oner hard, {wallow downe the meltofa Hare
not touching itwith histeeth, or feeing it with his eies, tt cureth him. Thebelly of a hare
with the intrals tofted and burned in a frying-pan mixed with oyle, andanointed vponthe
head, reftoreth decaied haires. The raines of a hare inueteratedand drunke in Wine, ex-
elleth the ftone, and being fod, cut;and dryedin the fun, helpeththe paine inthe raines,
if it be fwallowed downe and not touched with theteeth. Theraines ofa hare, and ofa
Moorc-henne;cureth them that are poifoned by Spiders, the ftones ofa hare rofted and
drunke in wine, ftaieth the incontinencie of vrine . - Intbe paine of the loines,and ofthe
hip bones they hauethe fame operation. The fecrets and ftones ofhares are giuento men
andwomento makethem apter to copulation and conception, but this opinion hath no
other groundbefide the foecundity ofthe beaftesthat beareththem. They which carry
about withthem the ancklebone ofa hare, (hal neuer be pained in the belly(as p/izy faith.}
So likewife Sextus and Marcellus.
Taketheancklebone out ofaliuehareand haires from her belly, there withall makea
threed and bind the faid bone to him that hath the Collicke, and it (hall eafe hin), The faid
bone alfo beaten topowder is reckoned amonge the chiefe remedies againft the ftone.
NWhen womenhauehard trauel, put it into Greticke-wine with the liquor of penyroyall,
andit procureth {peedy deliuery being bound to the benummed ioynts of a mans legge
bringeth greateafe :fo alfo dothe feete being bruifed and drankein warme wine, relce-
ueththeartericsand fhortneffe of breath: and fome beleeue that by the foote ofahare
cut off aliue, the gout is eafed. |
The fime ofa hare cureth fcortched members, and whereas it was nofmall honourto
virgins in arcienttime,to haue their breftes continually ftand out, euery onewas prefcri-
bed to drinke in wine or fuch other thinges, nine graines of hares dung : the fame drunke
inwineatthe Euening ftaieth coughing in the night, in a po:ion of warme wine itis giuen
tothem that haue the bloodyflix, likewife ifa man be ficke of the Collicke, and drinkthree
IO:
20
39
40 |
pielesthereofin fweet wine, it procureth him much eafe: being deco&ted withhony and j9-
eaten euery day, the quantity ofa beane in defperate cafes, mendeth ruptures in thebo-
wels.
Afclepiades in his medicine whereby heprocured fruitfulnefle to Noble Women, hee
gauethem foure drams of Mirrha, two dramsof Flower-deluce,two of hares dung, con-
feted with colliriall water,and{o put vp into their bellies after ceafing of the flowers, be-
pL. | - fore
a SE
\ Se
I
| sos Ofthe Hedg-hog. 277
forethey lay with their husbands. Albertus and Raphael preícribe this medicine to help
a woman that wanteth milke in her brefts, Cri/fall, white muftard-feed, and Hares dug
put into broath made with Fennell,
E. THE-HEDG-HOG.-
Orafmuch as - | à X ertHinal
* there bee two © ,
| forts ofliedghogs -
| “Tone ofthe fea, dnd "^ ^
| 19 anorherofthelád, ^
our purpofe inthis .:-
placeis only to dif ^
courfe'of the land
hedehóg, theHa-
| brews’ cal him X- ^^
. ped, which ia the
r4. of Efay, and ©
Zephs.2.isfotran- ^ -
flaced' by the Sep-
20 tüapints:alhough ^'^
that fome of the ^^
Hebréwes:woulde ^ ^^
haueit tofignife, | .-
arauening byrde; ^ -
but: fecing that I~” =
finde the word Ka-^ ^; +
paz in mofeHz- '—
brewe dt&ionaries ^ -
. .tofignifie Claadere ^ —
| 39 and Contrabere, &
thatismoftproper _
Of the kinds
efhedghogs,
names,
5
tofhutvp & draw 4 E
together, I doe ra- 7 q |
ther beleeue that “4 dui E
the proper mean- ". va kn |
ning thereof is a ^ / id » ]
hedghog, becaufe —' ^ 4 a
this beaftfo draw- 3] Bh
eth itfelftopither, it ih
| go when it isin danger T |i l
as wee fhall heare |
more at large af-
| | terwatdes, accor-
| . .ding to the olde
vere :
P, m
pp ow online |
= à "e
omi di =
—
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Implici tumque finu (pimoff corporis erem. E ek
: The Arabians callhim Ceufud, or'Confed, the Calde-
ans Caspeda, the Septuagints Mugale. Siluaticus calleth it Agilinm, Anicen Aduldusyand
Aliberba fignifieth a great Mountaine Hedghog :the Grecians Cher,and Acanthonocos,ox
Echinos, by reafon ot the prickes vpon his backe. The Latines Ech;sus, Ericius, Ritius ,He-
yix and Erinatits the Italians Rieezo, and Rizo, the Spaniards Erizo,the Portingals Ours
fo, or Orize, Cache becaufe of hiding themfelues : the French Hert/on,the Germans £245.
as inlower Germany, in Holland, Een Y/erenVercken in Engli(ha Hedghog, oranvrchine:
by which name alfo we calla man that holdeth his Necke in his bofome::the Italians Ge//, 1o
Malax ,& lMlirians Azevusjer Zatho,&Otzéfcbax.So thé for the entrance of this difcourfe we
take itfor granted, that Herzmatius and Echinus fignifie onething,except one of them fig-
nifiethat kind which isliketo a Hogge,andthe other that kinde which is like toa Dogge,
| for they differ in place,or in habitation: fome of them keepe in the mountaines and in the
Thequanti- NVoods or hollow trees,and other about Barnesand houfes : in the Summer timethey :
Kee keepe neare vineyards and buthy places, and gather fruite;laying itvp agaivftwinter.
The parts. Itisabout the biggaeffe ofa Cony, but morelike toa Hogge, being befet and com-
Hermolaws. paffed all ouer with fharpe thoraey haires, as well on the face as on the: feete: and thofe
fharpe prickles are couered witha kind of foft moffe, butwhen the is angred or gathereth
_ her foode the ftriketh them vp by anadmirableinftin@ of nature, as fharpeas pinnes or
- Needles : thefe are haire at the beginning, but afterwardes growto be prickles, which is 26
the leffe to be marueiled at, becaufethere bee Mife in Egypt (as Pliny faith) which haue,
haire like Hedghogs. It hath none of thefe prickles onthe belly, and therefore, when the
: skinis off,itisin all parts like a Hog. | 2: ri:
bertus, His ftonesare inward and cleaue to his loinslikeas a birds,he hath two holes vnder his.
taile,to eicét his excrements, which no creature liuing hath befide him. His meate is:
Apples, Wormes, or Grapes; When he findeth Apples or Grapes on the earth, hee
rowleth himfelfe vppon them, vntill he haue filled all his prickles, and then carrieththem .
hometo his den neuerbearing aboue one in his mouth.And ifit fortunthat one of them
fall off by the way, he likewife fhaketh of all the refidue,and walloweth vponthema freth,
vntill they be all fetled vpon his backe againe, fo foorth hee goeth, making anoyfelikea-39 8
cart wheele. "Pec
And ifhee haue any young onesinhis neft, they pull of his load wherewithall he
isloaded, eating thereof what they pleafe, and laying vppetherefidue forthe time to
come. | |
When they are nourifhed at home in houfes and brought vp tame, they drinke both
Their copu- Milkeand Wine : But thereis an Hearbe (called poromagiton) whereof if they taft, they
rien die prefently. When they are in carnall copulation they ftand vpright, and arenot ioy-
ned like other beaftes, for they imbrace one another, ftanding belly to belly : but the
prickly thornes vppon their backes will not fuffer them to haue copulation like Dogges
or Swine, and for this caufe they are a very little while in copulation, becaufethey cannot 4°
fland long together vpon their hinder Legges « When the female isto.bring forth her. '
young ones, and feeleth the naturall paine ofher deliuery, (he pricketh her owne belly,
to delay and put of her mifery, to her further paine, whereupon camethe prouerbe (as
Erafmus Vichy Echiaus Partum Differt, the hedghog putteth of the littering ofher young
which is alfo applyed againftthem which putofand defer thofe neceflary workes, which
God and nature hath prouided them to vndergoe ; as when a poore man defereth
the paiement of his debt, vntillthe valueand fumme grow to be far more great then the
rincipall.
heir inward j Treinwind difpofitionofthis beaft, appeareth tobee very crafty and full of futtlety,
Their place
of abode.
— — — 3 — - " " "
EDIT TES coe ie che Perm tot eR c — TT .
Se meal disces (ome oe e rS AERE rm Wu eiua —" — —
— —
MET aen
oot
EET ae
: ; | he of . s LÀ * .
| THAN E roc and dil’ by this, becaufe (Licophron faith) that Nawplius hada cunning crooked wit, and was called $9
UN yt POL . . . B
i aay by himaHedghog. When they hide themfelues in their den,they haueanaturall vnder-
i venta ftanding ofthe turning ofthewind, Southand North, and they that are norifhed tame in
a nn houfes, immediatly before that change remoue from one Walto another : the wild ones
4 1m hauetwo holes in their caue the one north,thother fouth, obferuing to ftop the moutha-
Í JN aui gainft che wind,asthe skiful mariner to ftiere & turne the rudder or fails,for which occafi-
Po MI . on Arifferle
/ i 21 : 1 i "rs
i i it id li
IY |
at i i |
i. UIN M
* : a 2 ; : g
L Ken 5 x Ir
re 25 a " > T ap y D e
" RE EUN » os
d I E
| Of the Hedg-hog. 270
‘Aviftorle{aith, that (ome haue held opinion,that they do naturally fore-know the chang of Oppianae.
weather. ;
There is mortall hatred betwixtthe Serpent and the Hedgehog, the Serpent fecketh eee me
out the Hedghogs den, and falleth vpon her to kill her, the Hedghog draweth it felfe vp j
| together round likea foot-ball, fo that nothing appeareth on her but her thorney prickes :
| — whereatthe Serpent biteth in vaine,for the more fhe laborech to anoy the Hedghog, the
| more fhe is wounded and harmethher felfe,y et notwithftanding the height ofher minde,
| and hate of her beart dothnot fuffer her to let gocher hold, till one or both parties bee
| . deftroyed.
to — The Hehghog rowleth vpon the Serpent piercing his skin and ficth, (yea many times
tearing the flefh from the bones) whereby he fcapeth aliueand killeth his aduerfary, car-
| rying the flefh vpon his fpeares, like an honorable banner won from his aduerfary in the
| . field. The Wolfe alfo is afraid ofand flyeth fromthe Hedghog, and thereisalfo a ftory
| of hatred between the Hare and the hedghog, for it is faid thata Hare wasfeenero plucke
| offthe pricklesfrom che Hedghog, and leaue her bald, pieled,and naked without any de-
| —— fence. The Foxisalfoan enemy tothe poore Hedgehogge, and lieth in waite to kill it, for
| the prouerbeis true . Multa nouit vulpes, Echinu Vero vnum magnum : Thatisto fay ,the
Foxe knoweth many deuifes to helpe himfelfe, but the Hedgchogge knowes but
one great one, for by rowling vp her felfe (as before faid) fhee oppofeth the thornes of
| 20 herback, againft the Foxes teeth : whichalone were fufficientto fecure her froma greater
aduerfary 5 but thewily Fox perceiuing that he can no where faften his teeth without dan-
get of himfelfe;piffethvpon the Hedghogs face and poifoneth hir : Wherupon the poor
beaftis forced to lay open himfelfe, and to take breath againft the Foxes ftincking excre-
ment: which thinge the Foxe efpying, loofeth no oportunity, but prefendy teareth the
|! Hedghog in peeces, thus the poore beaft auoiding the poyfon, falleth into the mouth of
his enemy. Ai. | |
The vm of Hedgehogs is, that whenfoeuer they are hunted by men, they draw vp
their Legs and put downe there head to the mofly part of there belly, foas nothing of
them can betaken but there prickles:and perceiuing that (hift wil not feruethe turne,but
|. eo their cafe growing defperate, they render out of their owne bodies certainvrine hurtful
to their skin and back, enuying thatany good thereby fhould euer come to mankind;and
therefore feeing they naturally know the manifold vies of their owne hides, heere is the ENS
cunning of her hunting, to caufe her firft ofall to render her vrine, and afterward to take 1 | a
her, for che vrine maketh thechornes of her back to falloff euery day ,and thereforethey — i 1 TE
take this courfe for their laft refuge : Butin thefecafes the hunters muft poure vppon the Lih.
Hedghog warme water, for feeling warmth fhe prefently vnfolds her felf, arid lyeth open a
whichthe Hunter muft obferue, andinftantly take her by one ofher hinder Legges, fo i wg
hangifig her vp till the bekilled with famine ; otherwile there commeth no benefitby her . a B
waking! § 0370002 gered ne
4E Wi ith the fameskiti lead off ,brufhes are made for garments, fo thatthey complaing il
42/75 T CUN, ]
4? which affirme, that there is no good or profitable condicion comming to mankind by yi ! i:
this beaft. “Againe this is to be refereud and vfedfor dreffing of laxe (as Maffariws faith) of their Heth, et ih i
andalfo itis fet vpona Iaueline at the dore to driue away Dogs. In ancienttimethey did Wu P E
not eate the flefh of Hedgehogs,but nowa daiesmen eate thereof, (ofthem which are of E WE LU
the fwinifh kind.) When the skin is offtheir bodies, they skald it a little in wine and vine-
perjafterward lard itandputitvppon a Spitte; and there letit be rofted, and afterwardes |
|^ eatén,bütifthe head be not cut off t one blowthe üe(hisnotgood. = b ii
| "The Epithits belonging to this beaft are not many 5 itis called red, fharp, maryne, vo- mS |
liblejand rough, whereupon Erafmaus faid, . ? LO un
| 50.
Exhirco in lauem nunquam mutabis Echinum
Andthus much for the natürall and morall partes ofthis Beaft. Now followeth Ed MAR Vt
Pr
1
the medicinal. Tennefprigs of Lawrell, fcauen graines of Pepper, and of Ofpesax a5. Hedghogs | T"
big asa Peafe,the skin of the ribs ofa Hedghog, dryedand beaten caft into three cups of | v uM LS
Water and warmed, fo being drunk of one that hath the Collicke, and let reft, he fhall lu
4 mae Bb 2 in
Ee =
—
We
Rafis
Marcellus
: Aelianus
Diofcorides
Marcellus.
Anicen
Albertuse
7 be Eiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
in perfe& health; but withthis exception , that fora man it mutt bee the membrane ofa
male Hedgehog, and for a woman a female:
The fame membrane or the body ofall Hedgehogs burnt to afhes, hath power iri it
ofclenfing, digefting, and detra&ing, aud therefore it isvfed by Phifitians for takin
downe of proud {welling wounds, and alfo for the clenfing of vlcers and boyles ; butf; oe
cially che powder of the skinne hath that vertue alfo it being rofted with the esd and
afterwardes beate vno powder and annoynted on the head with Hony, cureth TA
CCAS «
The fame powder reftoreth haire: vpon a wound ifit be mingled with Pitch, and if you
adde thereunto Beares-greafe, it willreftore vnto a bald man his head of hairea aine, if
the place be rubbed vntill it be ready to bleed. The fame powder cureth the Fifa | and
fome mingle red Snailes with this duft, applying itin a plaifter to ru ptures and fwellings
in the cods, and being mingled with oile by aneintment it taketh away the butlesin He
face, and being drunkein wine is a remedy againflthe paines of theraines or che water be-
twixt the skinand the fleth.
. A fuffumigation made of a Hedgehogsskin, vnder them that haue their vri
by Gods help (faith my Author) the ds pping {hall be remoued, iit proce iY ae
the ftone; nor from an impoftime. The ficfhfalted, dried, & beat to powder, and fo drunk
with fweete vineger, helpeth the paine in theraines, the beginning of Dropfies conuulli-
ons, and Leprofies ,andall thofe affe tions which the Grzecianscal Cachec¥e. The Moun-
taine Hedghog is better then the dometticall, hauing prickles like Needles pointes, but
Legges like to the other : the meate is of better taft and doth more helpe to the (Mitac
foftning the belly and prouoking the vrine more effectually, and all this which is attribu.
tedto Hedghogs is muchmorepowerfull in the porcupine.
The Hedghog faltedand catenis good againftthe Leprofie, the Crampe, and all fick-
neffe in the Nerues, and Ptificke and paine in the bellye, rifing of windineffeand difficul-
ty of digeftion : the powder anointed on W omen with child alwaies keepeth them from
abortment. The fle(h being flale giuen toa madde'man, cureth him, and being eaten ke-
peth one from the Strangury ; allo being drunke in wine, expelleth the ftone in the blad-
der, and is good againfta quotidian feuer and the bitinges of Serpentes. The fatte of a
Hedgehog ftayeth the fluxe of the bowels; Ifthe fat with warme water and hony be gar.
garized, itamendeth a broken and hoarfe voice, thelefteie being friedwithoile valde
aliquor which caufeth fleepe, ifitbec infufed into the eares with aquill. The gall with the
pave ofa Pecan the milkeofa Dog, cureth the raines s likewife, the faid galldoth not
uffervncomely hairesto grow againe vponthe eie-browes,whereon i
led vp. It maketh alfo a Di DAL. : once they hauebia gil
Warts ofal forts are likewife taken away by the fame, the meltfodand eaten with meat;
it healeth all paines in the melt, and the raines dried are good againfta leprofie or ptificke
comming by vicer, or the difficulty of vrine, the bloody-flixe,and the cough. The dunge
1e
19
30
cnc a c ttn
ofa Hedghog freth,and Sandarachawith vin eger and liquid pitch »being laiedto the head ,40e
ftaieth the falling away of the haire.
Whena man is bitten witha mad dog, or pricked with prickles of a Hed 1
vrine laid there vnto witha fpunge or Wool, is the beft ar or if the By ih
the wound of his foote; let him hold it inthe warme vrine ofa man,andit fhall eaf] fhake
them forth: and Albertusand Ra/isaffirme, that ifthe right «ie ofa Hedghog d ed
with the oile of 4/derze or line-feed, and putina veffell of redbraffe,and afterward v pe
his cies therewith,as withan eie-falue, he fhall fee as well in the darke as in thelight ; And
thus I will conclude this difcourfe, withone ftory thata Hedghog of the earth was dedica-
tedto the Good-god among the foolifh Pagans, and the water Hedghog totheeuill and
that once inthe cittye of Phrigia called 4z4sium when a great famine troubled the shia
bitants,and no facrifice could remoue it, one Euphorbus facrificeda hedghog whereupon
the famine remouedand he was made prieft,and the citty was called Traganes Y b
occafion of that facrifice. P
Of
$e
Of the Hoffe.
OF THE HORSSE.
» Hen I confider the wonderfull worke of God in thecreationof this
) Beaft,enduing itwitha fingular body anda Noble fpirit, the princi-
E pal wherofis alouing and dutifull inclination tothe feruice of man:
Wherein heneuer faileth in peace nor VVarre, being euery way
moreneare vnto him for labour and trauell: andtherefore more
J deare (the food of man onely excepted :) we muft needesaccount
EY it the moftnobleand necefüary creature of all foure footed-beafts,
^ii before whom no one for multitudeand generality of good qualities
ONE.
difcourfefollowing.
^81
isto be preferred compared or equaled,whofe commendations fhalappeareinthewhole +p. c...
names of hor
Itiscalled in Hebrew suf, & a Mare Su/ahy the which word fome deriuefrom si/fignifi- fs.
ing ioy, the Syrians callit Reke/h and Sau/ias, the Arabians Ranica, and the Caldeans Ra-
makim, Sufuatha the Arabians Bagel, the Perfians Afbatha, the Grectans Hippos, and at
this day A/ogo,the Latines Equus, and Caballus, the Italiansand Spaniardes Cauallo,the
Frenchchewall, the Germans Ko//=, the Bohemians Kus, the Illirians Kobyla, the Polo-
ze nians Kory.
Itisalfo profitable to confider the reafon of fome of thefe names, both in the Latine. d deni
& Greektong :andfirítofall Equus feemeth to be deriued, Ab equalitate,from equality, tien of fan-
becaufe they were firftvfed in Charetsand draughtes, and were ioyned together being of dry names
equall ftrength, Legs and ftature, Cabal feemethto be deriued from the Greeke word
Caballes, whichwas a common name for ordinary Hackney-horfles, and Horffes of carri-
age, whereupon Seneca comm endeth Mareus Cato, that in bis triumph of Cenforfhip,
YnoCahallocontentum et ne toto quidem partem enim farine ab vtroque latere dependentes
eccupabant. "Thatistofay,that he was contented with one Horffe for hisownfaddle, and
yet not totally one neither, forthe packes that hung on either fide of him, poffeffed the
o greateftpart, and the true deriuation ofthis word, {eemeth toacord with Capeswhich fig-
go
$o
nifieth a manger, and Als aboundance, beeaufe riding Horffesare more plentifully fed;
and thefe Horffes were alfo vfed fot plowing, according to thefaying of Horace ;
"Optat ephippia bos piger optat arare Caballus.
The Grecians call it Hippos, which feemes tobe deriued from flanding vpon his feete,and
this beaftoncly feemeth to be one of the number ofthem, whichare called Armenta.
And befidesall hiftoriesare filled with appellatiue names of horffes, fuch as thefe are
Alaftor , Acthon,Nicteus,and Orneus the Horffes of Pluto. Acthaa Mare of Agamemnon
yemembred by Homer. Aethion, Statio, Eous, phlego, Pyros : the Horffes of the Sun; Lam-
pus, Podargus, Xampus, Arnon, thehorffes of Erymus :by whofeayde Hereulesis faideto
ouerconie Cygnus, the Sonne of Mars. Balius, Xanthus, and Pedafus , the horffes of Achil-
les, Boriftenes, for whom Adrianus made agraue(as Dion writeth) Bromins, Carns, Calydon,
Camphafus, Cnafius, Corythe and Herpinus two names of Brittaine horffes cited by Martial
and Gillius, Cylarusthefwift horffes of Caffor , Dimos, and Phelos, the horffes of Mars. Eu-
viele, Glauens, and Sthenon, the horffes of Neptune, parthenia and Euripha, Mares belong-
Claudiah
ingtothe Suitars of Hippadamia, {laine by Qenomans . Harpe, another Mare, Phoenix and |
Corax the horffes of Cleoflbenes. Epidamneus who wanthe prizes in the fixty fixe Olimpi-
ade, and caufeda ftatue to be made in Olympus,and his (aid horffes and Chariot called...
pantarces and befide thefe,other Cvacias and Samus.
Alfo podarces, Rhocbus, Strymon, Tagu!, Theron, Thoes, Volner is, which was a horffe of
Prafinum and itis reported that Verus the Emperor fo much affeéted this horffe, that he
not onely caufed him tobe brought into his owne Pallace, and to haue his meate alway
giuenin his prefence, but madeof him a pi&ure with a manger, wherein were Grapes
and Corne, from whence came the firft Golden horffes or prizes of chiualry 5
primu equum volucrem Maf)li muneraregis
Haud [pernenda tulit : |
Bb 3 Vnto
; NW
3
7/
7
|
]
I
i A
Dy
MMM
=o
P,
LL
p,
LLL T 77]
7
T
Y
AN
f
ig
TEL.
IOS
——
Li
L
T
T
[jj
—
Lm gill:
» Of the Horffe.
Vato thefe may be added the affected names of Poets inloue oftheir fanotites, as Khv-
landus Vegiantinus Baiardus, the horífe of Rainaldus, Rubicanus of Argalifas, Hippoery[us
of Rugerius, Frontinus and Fratalatus of Sacrapin, and Rondellius ot Oliwerius. i
"The Epithits that belong toborffes, are either generallor particular; the general may
berehearfed in thisplace, fuch asthefeare following: braffe-footed, continuall, horne-
footed, founding-foored, foming, bridle-bearer, neighing, maned, dufty,four-footed,
fretting, faddle-bearing, watery, or fiveating, whole-footeds and many fuch others both
among the Greekes and Latines,which howfoeuer they may containe diuers Alegories
inthem, and therefore may feeme to be figuratiuely fet downe, yet I thought good be-
vo ing of other opinion to reckoa them heere inthe beginning, that fo the reader may con-
fider;that I would be vawillingto omit any thing in this ftory,which might any way tend
tothe dignity ofthe fubie& we intreatof, orthe expreffing of his nature. Wherefore,
wee will firfte of all beginne with the defcription of the naturall partes of a: good
Horffe. | j :
The haire of a horffe falleth off euery yeare, the neather eyelid or browehath no long
haires growing vpoiiit, and therefore Neon that famous painter of Greece, when hee
had moftcurioufly ltmbed fortha horffes perfeétion, & faild in no part ofnature or art;
but onely in placing hairesvnder his eie, forthat onely fault hee receiued a difgracefull
blame. if
20 ^ thehaire ofthe manes oughtto belong, that part which groweth betwixt the earés;
vponthe Temples, hanging downe betwixt the eyes,the Gracians tearme Procpmion the
Latines Gaprowa;and in Engli(h it may be calleda fore-top, whichis graunted to horffes
notonely for ornament fake, but alfo for neceffitie to defend their eies. Thehorfles are
naturally proud of thefe lockes and manes, as may appear by thofe mares which are kept
for procreation of mules, by copulation with Affes, which at the firft defpife to ingen:
der with thofe fnauelingand fhort haired Stallions. lo 290; cl
Wherefore their keepers (haue off their manes,and their fore-tops,afterwards leading
them to thewaters, wherein while the Mares behold their owne deformity, they growfo
fhamed, deie&ed, and difcouraged, that euer after they admit with quietneffethe Affes
o to couer them. Thereforeit is neuer goodto cut the mane or the fetter-lockes: except
neceffity require, forthe mane and fore-top is an ornamentto the Necke and head, and
thefetter lockes tothe Leggesand fecte : and he thatkeepeth horffes muftas well regard
to haüethem comely for outward grace,as ftronge and able for neceffary labour. Many
vfe to cur the Neckes of their riding Horfles euen, as they doe of their drawing Horffes;
whichthing although it may feeme to be done for greater encreafe, and farther groweth
ofhaire, yet is it vnfeemely foran honeft rider: fome againe cutit to ftand compaff like
a bow,and many vfethe Armenian fafhion, cutting the mane by rowes,leauing fome lon
gerthen other, as it were the batlements ofa Church 5 but the beft fafhion ofall isthe
Petfian cut, wherebythe one halfe ofthe thickneffeis cut away on the left fide, and the o-
theron the right fide fmoothly turned ouer and ‘combed, according to the faying of Vir
Den[aiuba d dextra iactata recumbit in armo.
But ifthe Horffe be double maned and fo the haire fall halfe on the one fide, and halfe on
the other, then cutallthe middle haires away, andleaue both the fides whole: forfuch
was theinuention ofthe Parthians. Ina Coult or young foale tie hinder part is hier then
x fore part, but as he grows in yeares, folikewife the fore part groweth higher thenthe
under: : |
Thisbeaft hath two bones in his head,aud other two difcending from his forehead to the
x Noftrils, twoinferior Gumbes, or Checke-benes, forty teeth, that isto fay, foureand
twenty grynders, foure canyne,andtwelue bitingteeth ; there are feauen croffe ribbes
in his Necke, and feuen from his raines to his hole, his taile hath twelue commifutes,
and two Ragulein hisfore-fhoulders, from his {houlderstohis Legges other two, from
his Leggesto his knees two moe, in his knees thereare twoo fupporters, and from T
| fhin
3
The epith its
of Horfes.
The naturall
outward and
inward parts
of Herfles,
eA lianus.
ir iin
——-
p- TW -— n
——
c du a ee ey ee ee E
= =
>
~
- DUK
E E e IS
D. ans
C lins,
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Bea/ts.
fhin, tothe Articles two mo, there are fixteenc {mall bones in the bottome of his hoofe,
aiid but one in bis breft, in the inward parts there are fix and twenty ribs, from the hinder.
parts to the top of his reynés, the two grinding bones; aud from them to the hinderpart
the Gamba, and from thenceto: the haire of the pafternes, there are two, and the little
ones to the hooües fixteene; fo all the bones in number are accounted a hundted and fe-
uenty- i ;b
-s Now it followethto declare the meafure and number ofthe members ; thereare
| ofthe head there are two moe; and two little ribbesfromthe vpper part ofthe thigh to d
twelue fteps'or degrees intheroofe of his mouth, his tongue is halfe afootlong, the vp- xo
per lip hath twelue ynches,the vader lip fiue; euery one of the checks tea : from the fore-
locke to the Noftrils he hath one foot in length, his two eares containe fix ycnhes,and his
cies foure ynches a peece. From his fore-locke to the Mercurius, thereare contained 8.
ynches, the backbone containeth threeand thirty croffe ribs.From the conuulfial ofthe
reines, to the top of the taile,are twelue commiflures, the length of his Sagala containeth
alfo twelue ynches, from his (noulders to hislegges fix, from his legsto his knees a foote
in length, from the Articles to the hooues foure ynches, in his whole length fixe feete.
— Andthis isthe ftature ofa couragious and middle horfle, for [know there are both big-
ger andleffer. |
The quality and the meafure of the neraes or finnewes is this, from the middle noft-
rils through the headenecke and backe bone, is a dubble file or thredto thetoppeofthe 29
taile which contayneth twelue footin length. The two broad finnews in the necke do con-
taine foure-foot, from the (houlders tothe knees, there are two finnewes, from the knee
tothe bottome of the footthere are foure finnewes, inthe fore-legs there are ten finnews
inthehinderlegges thereare other ten finnewes, from the reynesto the ftones thereare
foure finnewes, fo the whole number of them amounteth to thirty foure:Confequently
the number of the vaines 1s to be declared. In the pallet or roofe of the mouth, there are
two vaines, vnder the eies other two, in the breft other two, and in the legges other twos
foure vnder the paftrones, two inthe ancles, foureinthe crowne ofthe paftrones, foure
out of the thighes, two out of the loines, two outof che Gambaes, oneoutof the tayle,
and twoin the wombe or Matrix, fothe whole number is nine and twenty. IE
There are certaine vaines aboue the eies which are diuidedin horffes, wherin they are
let blood, by making inthem {mall incitions the blood alfo is taken out of the vaines jin
thepalletorroofe ofthe mouth There was an auncient cuftome of letting horffes blood
ypon Saint Sceuens day, by reafon of many holy daies onefucceeding another, butthat
cuftome is now growne out of vie: Alfofome take blood out of the Matrixe vaines, but
thatis notto be admitted in geldings, becaufe with their ftones they lofe a great part of
their heat, excepting extreame neceffity, butout ofthe pallat bloode may beelet euery
moneth, and ftallions when they are keptfrom mares if the vaine of their mouthes bee
opened, falinto blindnes,although itis no good part of husbandry to let them bleed that
yeare, wherein they admit copulation, for the vacuation of blood and feede, isa dubble 4o
charge to nature.
But in the Organicall vaine of the neck, is the beft letting of blood, both in ftoned and
gelded horífes. The later leaches make incifion inthe great vaine called Fontanella, and
alfoin Thymus or Iugulis.Theeies ofa horffe are grey,or glaffy,and itis reported by Au-
gufius, that his eies were much more brighter then other mens, referubling horffes:thefe
cies fee perfe&ly in the night, yet their colour varieth as it doth in men, according to the
caprine and glazie humor. And fometimes it fallethout,that one, andthe fame horfle
hath two cies of diftin& colours. When the eies ofa horffe hang outward,he is called Exe
ophthalmos. Such faire eies are beft, for Bucephalus the horffe of Alexander had fuch eies;
but when the cies hang inward, they arecalled Coeloph-Thalmoi, andthe Parthians count $9
them thebeft horffes, whofe cies are of diuers colours, and are therefore called Hetero¢h
Thalmoi, becaufethe breed of that horffe was faid to take the beginning fron the Parthi-
ans, &thereafon why the people loued notthefe horffes was, becaufe they were fearful,
and aptto run away in warres. |
i The
: | 4o of Rofeaare moft fit for warre : he meaneth aboue all the horffes of Italy. There haue bene
Of tbe Horffe. 285
The eares ofa horffe, aretokens and notes of his ftomacke, asa taileistoaLyon, his Arifetie,
teeth are changed, yet they grow clofe together like a mans.Tt is a hard thing for a Horffe
to hauea good mouth, except his ftallion teeth bee pulled our, for when he is chafed or
heated, he cannot be helde backeby his rider, but difdaineth che bridle: wherefore after
they be three yeareand a halfe old, thofe teeth ought to be pulled forth.In old age;a hor-
fes teeth grow whiter, but in other creatures blacker.
A mare hath two vdders betwixt her thighes, yet bringeth foorth butone ata time:
many of the Mares haueno paps atal, but only they whichare like their dammes. Inthe
heart of a Horffe there isa little bone, likeas inan Oxe, anda Mule, he hath no gall like
| vo Mules, and Affes, and other whole-footed-beaftes, howfoeuer (fome fay) iclyethinhis
belly and others that it cleaueth to his liuer,or to the gut-colon. The final guts ofa horfe
Jie neare that gut, that fo onefide of his belly may bee free and full of paffage; and from
hence it commeth, that the beft Horffes, when they runne or travel hard, hauea noyfe or
rumbling in theit belly. The hip-bone of a horffe is called by fome the Haunch, as the A-
rabians fay the taile,(becaufe therwith he driueth away flies)is called Mu/carinm, it ought
to be long, andfulofhaires. Thelegges are called Gambe of Campo, fignifying treading:
the hooues ofa horffe ought neither to be high nor very low, neither ought the horffe to
reftvpon his ancles, and thofe horffes which haue ftraight bonesin the Articles of their
hinder knees, fet harde on the grounde, and weary theryder: but where the bones are
20 fhort in the fame places, as they arein Dogges,there the horffe alfo breaketh,and woun-
| dethonelegge with another, and therefore fuch horffes are called Cynopode.They haue
alfo quicke flefh in their hooues, and their hooues are fometimes called hornes, vppon
which for their better trauel, men haue deuifed to faften yron plates or fhooes. This hoof
ought to be hard and hollow, that the Beaft may not bec offendsd, when he goeth vppon
ftones; they ought notto be white, nor broade, butalwaies kept moift, thatfothey may [i
trauelthe better, hauing ftrong feet, hard and found hooues, for which caufe the Gre- n
cians callthem Expodes. Qo
" — — MA —À - = See
ONU HU RCSTARIUU e UNARENS Sa a o emm iU E mU puc I TEENS CUIU HMM Torr oic
pictae
LIO Qe—a-eUIper Pe
Forafmuch as it is requifite for euery manto prouide him horffes ofthe beft race, EROR, pA
andtheir kinds are diuersin moft places ofthe world, fo the courfers ofhorffes do many ane paces a | | Za-
3o times beguil the fimpler fort of buyers, by lying and deceiptful affirmation of the wrong Ghee |
countries ofthe beft horffes, which thinge bringeth a confufion: for there are as many
kinds of horffesas nations, Iwill therefore declate feuerally the countries breeding the
horffes, for the Region andaire maketh in them much alteration that fo the reader may in
afhortview feea mufter of horffes made ofall nations. The wildernes of 4rcasasia, and Oppianus nr
Etoliaisas fit for feeding of horffes as The/falie. ‘The horffes ofthe Greekes, Armenians, ie
and Troians are fit for war, of the Greeki/h Twilfpeake moreafterward. — ^^. Apolonins —
Alexandria was wont to take great delight in horflesand combats of horfles : Appole- Horfes with
wins writeth Lib. 5. Aethiopia (as it is reported) breedeth horffes hauing wings and horns. Te n
Varre commendeth the Apulian horfles, and Yolatteranwe writeth, that they and the horffes
very fruitful paftures in Arcadia for cattell, efpecially for breeding horfles 1nd Affes that
are Stallions,for the procreation of Mules,andthe breed of the Arcadian horfes excelleth.
Thefame man prefereth the horffes of Theale & the Grekifh horfles,for they are found
of theit feeteand heade, but not ofcomely buttockes, they haue their backe-bone whole,
great, and fhort. | 7 *O Reellus
Theiattertwo I might haue referred to the whole body of thehorfle. The horfies of
Armenia are very neceffary and conuenient for war, for they and the Capadocians dobreed Alfjrimi
ofthe Parthian horffes,{auing their heads are fomewhat bigger. Of the Hackney or com-
mon horffes, I wil fay more afterward where I touch che difference of horfles, and of their
5° pace. The Barbarian horfles arethe fame as the Lybian horffes. Vegetius commendeth the
horffes of Toringa'and Bargundia after them of Penufci. Britcaine breedeth little horfles &
amblets.Of horffes thatare celebrate of the Ca/piaw mountaine, Sae in the Spanifh. The
horffes of Cappadocia and Armenia haue their breed ofthe Parthians, buc their headesare cyegerins,
bigger, and are ofa moftfamousnobilitie;forthat country beforeany other land, ismoft
commodious for thenourifhing of horfles, according to the verfes of Nemefian:
—
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286 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Cappadecumque motas referat generofapropaga,
; Armata Cy palmas nnper grex omnis auorum. ;
The Cappadocians do pay to the Per/rans eucry yeare, befide filuer, athoufand and fiue
hundred Horfles, &c. The Medes haue the doble of thefe,and they sir-name the Cappado-
-€ians horffes famous and {wift,for he faith, that whiles thefe are young, they are accoun-
ted weake by reafon of their young teeth, and their body feeding on milke, but the older
Sirabo, — they grow, fo much thefwifter they are, being very couragious and apt for war and hun-
ting, for they are notafraid of weapons, neither to encounter with wilde beafts. Mazaca
is a citty of Cappadocia, {cituate vnder the mountaine Arges now called Cefarea,as Ewfe- xo
bius remembreth in his Chronicles, and from that citty commeth the Mazaceniawhorfle
for the Cappadocian horffe.And not onely the countrey, but the citty it felfe fometime was
called Cappadocia from this citty or walled towne I fuppofethe horffes of Mazaca were fo
called, which Oppiawus calleth Mazaci, of thefe alfo and more, I will fet downe thefe verfes
Suetonius
of Nemefian :
Sit tibi praterea fonipes Maurufia tellus Quem mittit modo fit gentile fanguine firmus,
Quemque coloratus Mazax defertaper arma Panit, c affiduos docuit tolerarelabores
Ne pigeat quod turpe deformis c aluus Ef illis, quodque infrenes, quod liber vterque,
Quoque iubis pronos cernix diuerberet armos. Nam flectifacilis lafGiuaque colla fecutus
Paret in obfequium lenta moderamine virga. Verbera funt praceptafuge, [umi verbera freni, 29
Quin & promifsi [patiofa per aquoracampi, Curfibus acquirunt commete faneuine vires,
Paulatimque, anidos poft tergarelinquunt. Hand fecus effufis Neves per carulaventis,
Cum fe Threicius Boreas fuper extulit antro Cre Horum tarda venit longi fiduciacurfas *
His etiam'emerito vigor efl iumemilisineua. Naw quecungqne {wis virtus bene floruit amnis.
Non prins off animo quam corpore pa[fa ruina.
And peraduenture Nemefianus vader(tood certairie horffes of Lybia, by the name of tha
Mazation horffes, whenas he ioyns them with the Maurafian horfles,and cal them painted
Mauzacien horffes, whichagreeth not with Cappadocian, writing alfo,that they are ruled
witha {troke of aire infteed ofa bridle, which thing we haue readein Authors-writingef 39
the Ma/ylian horffes in the countrie of Lybia,and whereof we will {peak when we difcourfe
of the Lybian horffes.But the Cappadeeian horffes are fwift and lufty in their oldage, as it
ds related by Oppianns.Avaine if Mazacian horffes be the {ame that the Cappadocian are,
what is the reafon why Ovpianus doth name them apt,vnleffle peraduenture euerie Mazci-
. «n horffc is a Cappadocian, and not otherwife. The horflesiof chalambria, are fo named ofa
Ver place in Lybia, the cheonian horfles are the fame with the Aprirolan horfles. The Colophe-
"o oseer Blansand Magnetians do beftow great labourin breeding of horffes;forthe Colephonians
^: dwellinaplaine,as [haueread in a certaine Greeke author. Szrabe lib.ra.writeth that the
(- Celephenians in times paftdidabound with íea-forces;and haue much excelledin horffe-
men, that wherefoeuer in anie nation there was waged watre, they hiréd and required the 49
aide of the Celophonian bor(íc.men , andfoit was made a common prouerbe : Colophonem ~
Addidit Erafmas:The horfles of Creetarecommended by Oppianus and el(e-where, From
their loines ypward they are asbigge asthe Cyrenian horffes , with well fetthighes, excel-
lent for the foundaesof:heirfeet;and holding theirbreath along time in riding and ther-
3 fore fitfor fingle races or in chariots. nei
The Epean horffes, are remembred of Oppianus and the Epeans avé a people of Achaia,
\ and the Achaian horffes are commended ofthe fame. The Lipidanean kinde of horfles is
more excellent; and he preferreth the The//alian horfles before thofe of Epidaureas but
the Epseotian horfes are biting and ftubborne: Ab/yrt faith, that the Epicotian horfes, &
the Samerican atid Dalmatian; although theyare ftubborne and wil not-abide the bridle, 5°
andbefides are bafeand contemptible,yetthey are bold in war and combats; and there-
fore the Epieettan horfes and the sicilian defpife notif their qualitiesand comely parts be
. Aparantia them;although fometime he hath run awaie from the enemiejas the poet fit:
Boos bad we Quammifepe fugaille verfoegerit hoftes, co Sou. bosco
oss Et patria Epirumveferat. 8 nn isti: 161 auod
Strabo
Eperea
Of the Horffe. 287.
Epiria and chaonia,isalfo a part of Epirus Alpeftrian, although fometimes it be taken for
|. thewhole country of Epirus. The horfles of Chaeniaare commended, as Gratias remem-
| breth, writing of the Sicylian horfles,in thefe verfestothis effe&,thatno man bath pre-
fumed to ftriue with the Chaonians,andthe Achaian hand doth not exprefie their deferts :
Queis Chaonia contendere coatra,
Aufit, vixmerita quas fignat Achata palma. ;
| Theréarea people of Arabis called Erembi, which fomefome call Ichthyophagans,and Opies
| Trogloditans. Vegetius inthe thirde place commendeth the Fre/ian, Horfles for {wiftnefle
| and long continuance of courfe, after the Humnian, Burgundians-Yhe French horfieis the
I1 e fame thacthe Menapians,and S. Hierom writeth, that wordly men are delighted with the
|. French geldings,but Zacharies Affe loofed from his bandes, reioyceth good men.La-
| eius Apileias hath commended che French beafts sfor ifthe young fole be deriued ofa ge-
| nereouskind, ivis'an argument it wil proueano ble beaft. .
| The Gelanóian horfles area kindof bafe horfies notfit for watre, whether this name
| proceed ofa (trange contrey,I haueno certaine knowledge thereof. There isa certaine
river in Sicilia called Gelas, of which country the horfles are of great value and much fet
by... And: alfo the Gelans are a people of Scythia, who in their flight fight vpp-
| onhorffes;of which Lucanus writeth tothis effet. Maffagetes quo fugit equo, fortefque s
| Geloni.AndVirgill; Bifalte quo more [olent , acerque ; Gelonus.Cum fugit in Á bodepen,aut in
"|ae deferta Getarum.Et lac coueretum eum [anguine potat equino, fignifying thus much that the.
Maffagetesand valianut.Gelozs flic away vpon horfles like the 2//4/zazs , when they flye
into Rhodope, or. into the wildernefle ofthe Gelans, and drinke.milke mixed wih horfie-.
blood for hunger and:famine. But thefe fearetull horffes arenot meet for war. Germania
hath greater horffes and hard trotters, whofe pace is very hardandtroublefome. The Ge-
tican horffes runne moft fwiftly The horffzs of the. Greeks haue good found broad feet,
and ofa great body, a comely fine head their forepart fomewhat high offlature;ftraight cL liane
and well compa&ed;and ofa wel fafhioned body, but theioyning of their buttockesnot
foagreeableand anfwerable to the reft:they are moft fwift and. couragious, yet notwith-
| fnding in'all Greecethe Theffilian horflesare moft efteemed; Aeme/ranus writeth alfo
| |go ofthe Greekith horffes. « Greecetherefore yeeldeth choice horfles, and well hoofed. Abjyriws
In Heluetia the horffes are fitted and very expert in war, and efpecially the d/gecian horf- .
fes, which will laftand continue a long time. lou bed
In Spainealfo the horffes are ofa great ftature of body, well proportionedand (trait, :
hauinga fine head, the ioynts oftheir bodies very well deuided, feta part, and ready or ; | y B UR Jl
flexible, fimple and (hort burtockes, but not very ftrongand comely. They are ftronge Pu.
| andable tofuftainethevndergoing or compaffing ofiourneyes,neitheraretheyflender, —.. . 1 |
bodied or fübie& to leanneffe, but they are nothing nimble for coutfe, as (hall appeare. ec ae Nm |
by the words of the Authors following, neither are they fpurted when they are ridden: Ruelus i ho B
from theirgrowing euen to their middleage, they are pliantand eafieto be handled, af-; i
terward they waxe wilde and biting. The Cappadocian horffeis renowned, thelike, or. Le MESE |
the nexttriumph or vi&ory hauethe Spanith horffes in running the ring. Neither doeth ri |
Siuilia yeeld horffes inferior for the ring then thofe:and Affricais accuftomed to bring. | i nM |
foorththe moftfwift Horffes by copulation with the Spani(h bloodeto the vfe of the i M M
faddle. / | MN. ]
Oppianus faith thattheir Iberan horffes are more excellent,and do fo much furre-pafle I |
| — ether horffes in fwiftneffe, how much the Eagle or the winding Hawke in the ayre, & the ij jT
| - Dolphininthe fea excelleth otherbirds and fifhes,butthey are {mal and of little firength
anda corage (although Ab/yrtws affirm eth) if you read him well chat they are ofa great IA |
ftature of bodie, they being rid buta little way doloofe their fwiftnesof pace, they are bg
| 50 ofa comely body, but their hooues are not holloworhard. f (amerarins, hi
The Spanifh horffes are defired of great Princes and Peers : & the Magwates becaufe j
their opinion is thatthey are (wiftand nimble; andoutof Spaine they are refpe&ted for ;
| —lightnesandelegancy. The iudgement ofthe auncients forthe general breed of horffes
| was this, that the greate(t horfles are bred fromthe third climat, to the end of the fixt and
moftofal in Spaine, yet we haue fcene ftronger and bigger horffes bred in the poi
t climat,
—
nin trt
xp me IT T mes
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cuc aaepe
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A C a cm c MIO
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——
Cette ana
—
P
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Dm m
—
288 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beats |
climat, and thofe more able to indure labor then thofethatare vader the thirde or fourth
climat. 02215 Maio » slocvi adit
The Horffes of the Celtiberans fomewhata dufty colour : and they. chaung if they bee:
Albertus tranfportedinto thefarther S paine, and the Parthiax Hortles arelike them in regard they .!
excel in nimblene sand dexterity of running, wherofMarzial writeth thus, Videbis altam li-
.... ciane Bilbilim equis c armis nobilem: which Bilbilisisa:Citty of Celiberia, Of the Callacians
md ~ andGezzets we will fpeake alfo in the Spani(h Horffes:that are bred in the Calpian Moün-
T taine afterward, when wee entreat ofthe differences of Horfles according rotheitdey
ree. L20 19 2240 S2nkuono) eno DUE
The Hunnes bring vp their Horffes ‘hardly, able tovindure coldand hunger; and they:o ,
haue greatand crooked heads, ftaring cies; firaight Noftrils, broad chappes;adflrong: —
andrough Neckes,andlong manes downetotheir Legges ; great ribbes, ftraightbacks,
bufhy tailes , {trong (hankes or Legges, fimall feete; fulland wide. hoofes; their lankes
hollow; ánd all their whole body full of holes. Thereisino fatneffz intheir hatch or but-
tocks, they haueno ftrings in their (innewes orarteries;and they exceede in length more :
then in highth, hauing great bellies hanging downe; big-boned and learineffe (whichisa
deforthitye in other Horffes) inthefe it fhewed their ftatelineffe : their courágeis mo-
derate and wary, and thefeare ableto indure woundes. Thefe Humnian Horffes elfe where
hecalleththem Hannican Horffes;and the fame in times paft Zyamies : but theylaré called.
a daies Vnearian Horffes; | | | si» toas)
"The companies or armies of Humves, wandering vp and downewithmoft{wift horfes
filled althings with {laughter and terror. They are biting & kicking horffes;as moft.Panne-
nicks are (for they call Panenia at this day Hungariay of which there is a prouerbe of Malig=:
nity fprung vp, Now miftivritati aut opinione effen[a metu ferociunt : thatis to fay. They wax
not {tern of rage not_but either by opinion or fear of offenfe affirming. that the Pannoni--
~ans are very fit for War. There is notany that can hold and conftrain or draw the bridles:
in, orloofe’them forth, that rydeth an Indian Horffe when hed praunfeth and rümnéth:.
violently, but füch a one that hath beene trained vppefroin his childhood in-theskill of
.. ,Horffes: thefe men haueaccuftomed to hold them with the bridle}andalfoto break their
-wilfulneffe by {naffles or bits, and thofe that are well skilled in handling Horffes do} com-,
pell them fromtheir vnrulineffe , as reftrainethemwithinafmall.cyrcuit! Yet notwith-
ftanding to makethis circle and finith it,icrequireth the help of hands,and itis.a greatskil
belonging to horfemen. | | | aca cie se EN
They which are moft skilfullofthis art;and cunning dooers of it; know very wel how
to bring their courfe into a circle, whofe compaffeis notto be regarded chiefely when it
lian can beare but two Souldiets fighting togetherat one time. There are amiong the Indi-.
* un P/yllans for therearealfo other Atfricks of that name) Horffes bred no biggerthen
Rams, andthey fay that in Indian there are Horffes with one horne, of which horne drin-
king cups may be miade, hauing thisvertueinthem, thatifyou putpoyfonintothémand |
aman drinke thereof it fhall not hurt him becauferhe horne doth driüe away or expell the 40
euill or poyfon. Whereof you fhall feemoreatlargein the Hiftory of Monocerotes:and
eAlianus himfelfe elfe where,and Philes following him write the fame thing of a cup made
of the horne of an Indian Affe, hauing onehorne. nad
The Z/rian Horfles are of good ablefeete, very flraight, whole backt, and hollow,but
fwift of courfe. The Moores Horffes (faith Oppianws) are moft excellent, as wellto holde
out long courfes,as alfo to indure hard labours: the Lybians next vntotliefe are ofa moft
dutable celerity : they are fhaped alike, exceptthat the Lybian horflesare big, and'ofa
longer body, hauing thicker ribs and fides, and their breft is larger before ontheir.crefts
they can eafily abide the heate of the funand daily thirft. |
Affrica hath beene accuftomed to putthe moftfwifteft horffes of the Spanifhblood ;
tothe víe ofthe faddle: (and Zzuius faithyin Lib. 2 5. that it was acuftome to the Numidi-
ams, beingin battell to leade two horfles together, and in manner of vauters often-
times, in themoft fharpe confli& could leap from the weary horffe toa frefh,(fogreat
was the dexterity ofthe rider and the docibility of the beaft.) From Tunis of Affrica, Maf-
Jat; and Numidia, there are alfo brought very fingular horffes;paffing for running, which
the
Vegerins.
39)
Oppianus,
9
| Of the Hoffe. 189
| the common people call Barbary horífes. The Aa/plians (a people of Lybia) haue verie
| goodhorffes, which they gouerne with a rod without a bridles,from whence Virgil in his
| fourth ofhis Aeseidos calleth them vntamed and wilde Numides : and Si/i5 faith alfo s
! The Numides a nation hauing no slil of the bridle, do leap vp and downe here and there
| and every where, as Martiall writeth :
Hic paffim exultant Numide gens in [cia freni
| Quis inter geminas per Indum nobilis aures
| Quadrupedem [lec it non cedens virga lupati.
| re
| Alfothe rod rules the Maffilian horffe : the fame Nemeftanus writeth oftliofe which hee
calleth Mazacians(as I haue before fpoken of the Cappadocian horfles.) The Doreadzan hor -
fesalthough they are ofa marueilous fwiftnes, yet they are inferior to the Lybian horfes
| inrunning. The Lybian Mares are taken witha pipe, and by thefe allurements they are
| made tame and leaue off all wilde qualities, and whither foeuerthepipe fhalallvre them,
| thither they follow, and the fhepheard when he ftands, they leaue of marching forward,
and ifhe fing more pleafantly, they are fo delighted with it,that they cannot hold teares.
The shepheards ofthefe flockes, make their (hepheards pipe of the tree (called Rhodo-
| daphws ) the found whereof delighteth thofe that go before the heard.Gratins alfo writeth
| 20 tothateffect;
Fingit equos Pifts Numida cre.
| Audax c patiens opleum genus ille vicebit
| Centum actus [pats atque eluct abitur iram
| t Nec magni cultus flerilis quodcunqueremifit
|
|
Terra [ni temue[que fitis reducere riut.
Although the placebe not perfect, yet thatis fpoken concerning the Numidian and Ly- FER
bian horffes, is manifeftas well by the wordes of Oppianus before recited, asalío by that wt eh
which Aelsanus fetteth downe : for (faith he) I haue heard thefe thinges touching the Ly- Se ar Ne.
| 3e bian horfles ofthe men of that nation, that ofall other horffes they are the fwifteft, and Mi and
that they haue no fence of their labors,being lanke by reafon of their flendernes and thin. VUE E SOR
neffe of their fhape, and are wholy of themfelues fit to endure their maifters negligence, | hod"
|
| for their maifters giuetlieni no meat or fodder, neyther doeth any man rubbe or dreffe
| themwiththe curry-combe after they haue labored or traueld: neither do they lay anie 3
| litter or ftraw for them tolie on, nor pare their hooues, butfo fooneas they haue ended |
| their iourney, leaping off their backes, they turne themto feeke their foode : and in like
| manner the men of Lybia worne with leaneffe,and albefmeard with filth do ride on hor- :
fes ofthisfort.
| The horffesand Oxen of A ffrica, which dwell between Getulta and vs, are as outs, that
is, hauing longer lips (theinterpreter tranflates ithooues.) Theirkingestake delight im
| troopes of horfies, fo that there are numbred to him euery yeare onehundred thoufand
Coltes. |
The chalambrian Libians axe before fpoken of, and the Nafauiens we will fpeake of here : up
after. Barbarie breedeth very fewe Horfes, but the Arabians whichinhabite in the defart, ae atk
| and thepeople of Zibia doe breed very many ,and they do not fo muchaccuftome them
to iourneyestand warfare, as to Hunting, and feeding them with Camels milke only twife
a day and night, wheteby they keepe them fine, but very leane, and in the time of graffe,
they turne them outto feede inthe fielde, but they ride noton them. Pent ir |
| The Horfles of Maffilia are equallwith the Zibians. The people of Magnetialiauc been D ER adn y
3? renowned in feeding and bringing vp Horfes, and chey are very skillfull in combate on. NI iN
| Horfe-backe (as Lucama faith.) The Magnetiaus are famous for Horfles, arid the nation of } |
| Nyesia for Oares : Magnetiaisacontrey of Macedonia, bordéritig vppon AT heffalie, fo the tf |
Citty and countrey of 4/falyeth toward Maandrus. Opianus commendeth the Magnetian ls a RA, |
| Horffes. The Moores fight often on Horfe-backe with fpeares but their Horfes are naked o vats! |
| and their bridles made of rufhes. s quM M. v
poem e. si NY
40
a es lemee ZELLE CER OMS GI MAE
p
Ta PELO rata
T meis
BA Mii i RCM
"euin aire
——_—
ere ae
ey
a — tg
IDEE Per. ue DRT Or
MA
AMT ear Le e 3 PRA T RC. roa
D e cm ia C ASIE e t Mo
y 3
ets L
290
Strabo,
m ;
MEUS
“hi
Abfrins
Achanus
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The Maffylians following the Lybians (for the moft part) are furnifhed after that maner,
and they refemble others, hauing litile horfles, both {wift, obedient, and eafily to be ru-
led with a rod.
The collars of their horfes are made of wood or haire, whereby the bridles hange.
The principall horfies of Barbarie are not {wift, but ia refpe& they liue on fodder they
are more handfome and bettet in flefh, which they vfe in eminent daunger when it ftan-
/. deththem vpon to efcape the rage of their enemies. Thus far I haue related the words of.
Leo African Oppianus , touching the norifhing of horffes,among the Lybians, where he fheweth that
they areall alike both in fhape and other proportion. Touching the Neme/ian horfles,they
are all one with the Masrags and Maru/ans(as Strabo witneffeth) calling them nimble and
{wift kinds amongft the Moores.
The Sicilians are fwifter thenthe Moores, and the Mooresare of a more valiaunt cou-
ragé then the Sicilians, or fome {uch like other thing ,who are furnifhed with yellow co-
lours, and fhew to the eye moftíbiningiand {plendant, and which is more they only de-
fire the roaring ofa Lyon, for which when they come to other wilde beafts by way of
hunting, he commendeth them tobe excellent: then he fayth that the yellowis the beft
colour. :
Inthe country of Mauritania are great ;ftore of Lyons, and of the 2azacanos wee
haue fpoke of before fafficiendy. The Median horffes are of exceeding greatneffe, and
the men of that countrey are fo bewitched with the rich attire and fhape of their bodies,
and alfo their horfles being fo loofe with fuperfluity or rankenes,that the horfes take de-
lightintheir maifters, bothin greatnes and infairenes of body, and fuch co(tly furniture
vpon their backes, thatthey feeme to perceiue their owne {tatureand comelines. The
Medes euery year by way of cuftome, pay 3-thoufand horfes. Herodotws alío calleththe
Nifean horfes the Medes, wherof more fhalbe {poke afterwards. The Menapians amongft
our countrimen the onely men, which I fuppofe were once cald French of C«/ar and the
Rugians, (as warricurs for the moft part are in eftimation. Lalfofindthat the Rugians in-
habited chat country whichis now called Rugerland; and that Pawlus Diaconas remem-
breth them lib. r.
16
20
Touching the affaires of Lengobardus, thereare thatfay they departed into Mechelbur- 3o
gia.Thefe arethe right off {pring ofthe Germaines (faith A4lrbamerus) they are counted
as Germaines, botlfin language and vertue.Grativs writeth of the Mareibians, faying the
Marcibians {carceyeld their tough necketo the fword.Zzeil/ alfo declareth Adycemta to be
a countrie of mofte notable horfes : and Gratis commendeth ahorfe fit for huntinge
highly in thefe verfes :
Cen[ule Penei qualis prefunditur anne
The[falus aut patria quem confpexere mycana
Glaucum nempe ingens nempe ardua fundit in auras
Orura quis Eleas potior luftrault arenas? i
Ne tamen hoc attingat opusiactantior ili
Virtus quam frluas duramque lace[fere martem.
"The Mylian horffes were once great in eltimation (as Camerarius writeths Alfothe Mefa-
monians axe a people of Lybia, liuing as fpoilers ofthe (hips of syrtea, Ofallthefe horfes
beforfaid,the Mz//am horfe is the goodlieft, and fitteft to cary thebody ofa King, they
are ofa paffing good fhape, an eafie pace, and verie fubmiffiue to the bridle; hauing alit-
tlehead, anda long and thicke mane, with yellow or browne haires hanging downeon
both fides : Armenia is verie fitfor feeding horfes,wherin isa certain meddow called Hip-
poboans by which they make their journey which pafle from Perfia and Babylon into the
Copia border, in which place they feede fiue hundred Mares which belong vntotheir
ing.
The Mifzan horfes (written with Zotaand fimple Sigma, as Euffathius writethy are the
moftexcellentand beft; fome fay that they hauetheir generation from Germanie,others
out of Armenia, but they hauea certaine kind of fhape like the Parthians.
In India moft of their lining creatures are far greater then in other places (except horfes)
forthe Mifzan horffes, do exceede the Indian horffes, as Herodotus writeth) in hisfea-
1 ig uenth
a?
ge
ro horffesare bred.Someinterpretit to the yellow Nifzean horffe, becaufe allthe horffes of
Nifzanare of this colpur.Betweene Su/imax and Bac riasthereis a place which'the Greeks’
call (W/os) in which the moft fingular finc horffes are bred. Thereare alfo that fappofe
3°
3
o
Of the Horffe. |
uenth booke, defcribing the Perfian horffe.Behindthe fpeares (faith he) came ten Hor-
fes in moftfumptuous furniture, which were 2é/eans, fo called, becaufe there isa great
field named Nié/zus in the countrey of Medica, which yeeldeth horffesof a great ftature.
Afterthefefollowed zupiters chariot drawne with eight horffes; after which Xerxes was
catied ina chariot drawae by 2v;/z4z horfles, and by how much ithe greater the Lybian
Elephant is then the 22/247 horfle, fo much greater are the Ni/ean horffes then the In-
dian (as the fame man faieth) inhis firft booke : buttheking wasaboutto offer a white
horfe,that is of the Né/éan horfes, hauing a better markeas fome expounded.
Therearethat fay that N¢/ews is a plane of Per/is, where the moftfamous and notable
they arehad from the red fea, andal thofe to be of a yellow colour. Herodorus writeth that
Nifeus makethita part of Media. Orpheus alfo writeth that there isa place in the red Sea
called Nifa. Stephanus alfo maketh mention of (Ny/ean Pedion )with the Medes, of which
people the horffes are fo called. Calivs Rhodiginus reproued a certaine man whichtran-
flanted the Iflandith horffes for the Nifean horfles. Pluzarchis faith that Pirrhus had an
apparition ofa Nifean horffe armed and furnifned with a rider,that Alexander the great
was captaine thereof. ;
41e - TheMedeshaue Colts ofa moftnoblekind of horffes, which (asauncient writers do
teachvs, and as we our felues haue feene) men when they begitine the battell witha fierce
encounter are wont to prance valiantly, whichare called Nifzean horfes.
Touching the Paphlagonians about the education of their horffes fee more among the
Venetians : The Parthian horfes ate ofalarge body, couragious, ofa gentle kinde and
moft {ound oftheir feet. Concerning thofe horffes which haue buroneeye, commended
among the Parthians, and of thofe which are diftinguifhed by diuerfitie of colors, from
thofe thatcome forth firft, I haue fpoke already out of Ab/yrtws. The Armenian and Par-
thian horffes are of a fwifter pace then the Siculians and the 7ber? {wifter then the Parthi-
ans, whereof Gratis writeth to this effea : tse iG
Seilicit & Parthis inter [uamolliarura x
Mufit henorum: veniat Candini faxa Taburni ^.
Gargamdue trucem ,aut ligurinas de fuper Alpes
Aute opus excuf(is cadel unguibus, c tamenslli ^ -
Eflauimas fungetque meas feniffusinartes ~~
- Sed inxta vitium po[uir Dens. s
That is to fay among the Parthians there hath remained honor for their foft Countries,
but let him come to the Rockes of Caudmus, Tabernus and too rough Garganus,or vppon
the Ligurian Alpes, then he will quickly fhake offhis hooues :and make a fhew of great
? valiantnes. The horfes of the Celtibarians are foruwhat white} and if they may be brought
into Spaine they change their colour.But the Parthians are alike, for they excell all others
in nimblenes and dexterity ofruaning : How the Parthiaws do make their pace eafie inthe
trotters and hard footing horfles, after the manner of geldings, (hall bee declared after-
wards, for perfia preferreth thefe horfles aboue the cenfure of their pattimonies, afwell to
cary, (hauing aneafie pace) andbeing ofmoft excellent dignity : As for their pace it is
thicke and fhort,and he doth delight and lift vp the rider being not inftru&ed by art, bug.
citectechitby tature: 3 1er eost aah third joa abe
"Amongfttheféamblingnagges, (called ofthe Latines among the commonfort Toto-
nary) their pace is indifferent, and whereas they are not alike, they are fuppófedto haue
fomething common from both3as it hath bin prooued :whereof Fegetius writeth in this:
Triantier.: »Í & 3 CX I mA iif iai ibligi» beet
Ina{hort iourny they haue the more'comelities and grace in going, but when they trauel!
far they are impatient) tuborn) and vnles they betamed wil be ftuborn againft thetider 5
aüdthatwhichisa more greater niaruell, whenthey are chafed, they are ofa delightful?
iod celi Cc 2 come-
291
an CX) zig dc i-i
srt aet Se sai Bi urne. SN TR LE TE
bid
—-
A —
M À—— " ] "
Oper ETE
Ps They
faa SN:
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
qomelines, their necke turneth in manner ofa bow, that it feemeth to lie on their breft.
"TH
The Pharfaltan mares eaerniore bring foales very like their Syre; and therfore very well fo
named, Eque probe, we read ofthe Phaffan horffes whichreceiue their name (from the
Aelianus.
Vegerius
Ploy.
Hebrodon
the marke or brand ofa bird fo namedyor elfe becaufe of their excellent beauty and com-
lineffe.
The Refean horffes Varro fo namethof Rofea, which Volatteranus writeth tobe moft fit
for war : and this Aefea otherwife Rofcea, Fefiws faith, that itis a country in the the coafts
of the Reatien: fo called,becaufethe fields are faid to be moift with that dew.The horfles
of sace if they happentothrow dowatheirrider, they forthwith ftand (lil thatthey may
get vp againe Vegetins hauing commended the Perfian horfles{aith, that the Armenians 10
and Sapharens dofollownext. This Saphirine verily is an I{land in the Arabian coaft, and
the people of Supirialie befide Pontus. The hortes of Epirota, Salmarica,and Dalmatia, al-
thogh they wil not abide to bebridled, yetthey fnewthat they arewarlicke by theirlegs.
The Sardinian horfles are nimbleand fair, but leffer chen others. The Sarmatican kinde
of horffes is feat and wel fa(hionedin this kind, very fit for running, vnmixt,hauing a wel
fet body, a ftrong head,and a comely necke. Some horffes they cal-£togenes, froma
certaine marke which they hauein their fhouldersand colour, which the Sarmatians doe
take vnto themnfelues as very good, with whichthey doe contend about their cruelty,
wherefore they imploy them in warlicke outrodes, but thofe that beare the Eagles marke
in their buttockes and taile, they are difallowed of them, and they reportthat they marke 3o
them fo, becaufe they wil not vfethem,by reafon leaft the riderfhold quickly be deftroy
ed or run into fome trouble.
The Sarmatians whenthey entend any long iourneyes, the day before they keepe
them fafting, giving them a little drinke, and fo they wil ride them a hunderedand fifty
miles continually going. Thefe horffes are very fit for war, and many of them are founde
gelded in ther tender age, and they fay they neuer loofetheirteeth. Itisacuftomeof
Seythia and Sarmatiato geld their horffes to make them more gentle : they are {wift, lide,
and fierce, but very ftubborne aad vntained, neither doeth Creo, (fcituate neare Sicilia)
breedhorfles inferior to the Spani(h, as Vegetivs writeth. The Epirotan and Sicalian hor-
"
{es are nottobedefpifed, if they were well bredand educated they want not comelineffe 30
and good qualities.
The Sieulian horflesare moft fwift. Lztlybenm is a promontory of Sicilialying towards
Lybia, whichacertaine verfe maketh more plain * but as I vaderftandit is the three-clift-
topt-mountaine Aetna, which cafteth forth fire, and couereth the carcaffe of Enceladus
the Gianut, lyengthere vnder, (whereof Oppiazss writeth) and fomeothers alfo . But
(faith he) the Armenians and Parthians haue {wifter courfersby farre, then the Sieulians.
Now, letvs heare Grativs himfelfe, difcourfing of the sieslias horfles, as wel as ofthe
Lybycan. |
Me Sic & ftrymonio facilis tutela Bifalra,
- . Poffent Aetnaas vtinam feferreper artes,
Quiludus Siculis : qutd tum fi turpia colla
Aut tennis dor[o curuatur [puma ? per tllos
Cantalus Grays Agragas, vict equefragofum
Ne broden liquere fera.Q quant us in armis hg
Ille meis cuius dotiles pecuaria fetus
sufficient queis Chaonias contendere contra
! : Aufit-vix merita fignat Achatapalma, 31 op i nnd
But as for Gratius I fufpe&t the place to bevaperfe&t ;for 42774245 isa mountaine of Siei-
lia, having a towne fcicuate inthetop of it bearing the fame name, wheretheir aunceltors
40
werewont to nourifh and bring vp the befthorfies. There is alfo in Sicilza a mountain cal- cg
led Mebrodes, which fome thinke to be fo called by reafon of the plentie of dear, but they
haue noauthor for it, andas forthe printed booke of Gratis, I finde it expreffeth it not
fo welas Virgill fetteth it downe, faieng, that Agragas was a breeder of moftcouragious
and notable horfles: but yet Ser#ius faith (according to Pzndarus)that the Agrigemtinesin
times paft fenttheir horffes to the iufling or: combates of Grecia, returning Mx
! rom
na!
Of the Horffe.
from thence, and we haue alfo read that in Cappadocia whole troopes of horffeshanebin
deftroyed. The men of Delphos by the anfwere of Apollo got herdsand great ftore of hor-
fes from Agrigentine,and tholewere excellent. Ariffophanes calleth thofe great Aetnean
horffes (Canrhiari) either of the greatnefle ofthe mountaine, or elfe great Canibars are
bredinir, or ofthe horfles of Aetna, being notable for fwiftneffe and ruaning. The hor.
festhat are bredin Creez and Cappadocia are alfo moft excellent.
In Greece there are moft notable horfles of The/falie which Abfyrtus faith be the beftin
all Greese. The words of Gratius the Poet {peaking ofthe The/falian horffes are before ve-
293 !
—O———
Me LAU EROTTIQUE
a
cited. The mares of Admetus werethe moft excellent, butas Homer re porveth the Theffa- ,
ro l'a? werc beforethem. The Solitude or wildernes of Areananus is ascommodious to feed Pie
horfles, as T/e//alia.Tt is certaine that Theffalia excels with ho tfles, from whence Xerxes
is faid to haue made a combat, thathe mighttry his horflesthere where he vnderftoode -
the beft breed of Greekith horffesto be, and from whence this prouerbe arofe, Decerne-
tur equa Theffalia (: Viz: )letthe Theffalian Mare be tried by battaile,a prouerbe of ex.
cellent worth, becaufe in old time the chiefeft praife wasof the The/falian Mares : which
is very apparant by the Oraclethat wasdeliuered to the Aezinenfians.Suidas relatech (but
c»
Iknow notoutofwhat author) that The/faléa hath excelent hor{men; T: br afia expert fhoo-
ters, and Jedialight armor : fo hath likewife Creez and Caria.
Erafmus writeth that Theffaltais moftfitto feed horffes, who do far excel the Arcadi-
20 4":and Epidauresas Strabo witnetfeth lib: 8. Cefar was faid (when he was di&ator)to haue
madethefirft(hewamong the Romaines ofthe Horffes, fighting againft buls,and killing
them, whereof Lueiazns writeth thus: Textore
Theffalius [spes bellis feralibus omen. 1 | 4 d j :
That ts to fay : the Theffalian horffe is profitable for fence and deadly confli&&s. There is i nS |
alfo in Theffaliaa citty (named Pella) from whence I deeme the Pellean horfles are fo cal- Ia EDS |
ledofGratius, yettherebe other places called Peila(as Macedonia and Achaia) wherof Gra- i ^l UMEN
Fus writeth thus: Su 1308 URN
ELIT per AN NT T
ERU
= er
SoS ner weapons gite t
Spadices vis Pellai valuere Cormum
3555 Lt tibi deuoga magnum peeuaria Cyrra vet b. |
Phabe decus noftrasagerein fasrariatoufas. SOT des | 1 lm |
j ba II
Which (Cerani) ate mounts of Epirtisand Cyrrba is a Towne of Phecis fcitirate at the foot mU
ofthe hil Parna/fius where Appollo cyrrhans was worfhipped.The Tyrrheans being excel- TU SHIRE. |
lentwarriors are commended of Oppianus out of the Iflands ofthe Tyrrhenean fea(efpeei- 1
ally Corfica and Sardinia) chere be very fhort horfles, butthey are of good courage and j
gentle withall. ; Nm
The Thraciaz horffes are foule and ill-fhapen, being roughalouer their bodyes,and Velatteran: 1 MIS
haning very great fhoulders, which in the Greeke is named (Calomy/ten) fucha oneas wil i
caft downe the rider on the ground from off his backe, they arecrook-backt, or bunched D
out; or els of diuers kinds; and therefore they hauean vnfureand reeling pace, and their !
courfe is yery vnconftant.Ab/yrtus faith the ‘Thracian horfles arethebeft-The Thurnige- Yi i
an horfles are neighborsto Heffzs , which Pliny and Velatteramis fuppofed, are called (Me he ie A
diterranean Cimbri.) "y
There befome thatfuppofe the Venetiansto difcend from a people of Paphlagonia, D; i
(called Venezaus) whichatter the deftru@ion of Troy came to thefe places, and by thefe’ i ips
they make an argument, conie&uring 1t to be good, in regard theyare wholyimployed — ^^ a SAN
about breeding horfles, which at this time faileth altogether, but in former daies they- |
were very careful to follow their bufineffe about the training vp of young moules, whereof j 3
o Homer writeth. And Dysnifins the Tirant of Sicilia ordained, that the breede of horffzs hi
fhouldbe fetcht from hence, to make warlike combats withthem, that among theeGrae- if iN
cians the excellencie ofthe Vetietianbreede fhould remaine; and that a great while after i v CET |
that breed ofhorffes gor the praife. Vuallzchus this daie is called of the Saxones a gelded P
horfe ,& brought outof that countrie whichfometimes was called Dacia. The Lycofpades 1: EUR
and Zycepbotians (hal be fpoken of heerafter. 1 | ! i |
Cc 3 oru Of i M
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Of the choice of good Horffes,
1 Aladius aduifeth to obferue foure things in choyfe of a Stallion horffe,
the forme or outward proportion, the colour, the merrit,and the beau-
ty, all whichareneceflary to be obferued inthe choife of Coltesor cl-
der Horfles, thatthey may be ofa generous race, hauing foftlegs lofty
aces gentle treading, füchas will lead the way sand be not affraid of a-
Sai stand; Dy watersbridge, nor fuddain noifes ; hauing a gentle necke, a fharpe head, .afhort bel-
giblehorfle, Jy, afatbacke,a dapple colour, nimble eares, thicke mane lying on theright fide, adub-
ble bone difcending by his loins, a founding hoofe, and legs that cannot ftand til which
Virgill expreffeth in thefewords: —
Nec non c pecori eft idem delett us equine
Tu medo quos in fem [latuis, [ummittere gentis
Precipuum vam inde a teneris impende laborem
Continnue pecoris, genereff pullus ip aruss
Altius ingreditur C mollia crura reponit.
Primus cy ire viam, c flnuios tentare minaces
Audet, & ignoto fefe committereponti :
Nee vanos horret erepitus illa ardua ceruix j
Argutumquecaput ,brenis aluns, obefaque terga
Luxuriatque torts animo [um pettus honefit
Spadices glaucique color , deterrimus albis
Etgiluo: tam fi qua fonum procul arma dedere
Stare loco we[cit micat auribus c tremit artus
Colleitumque pramens veluit [nbnaribus ignem
Den[a iuba c dextro taf ata recumbit in armo
Ac duplex agitur perlumbos [pina canatque
Tellurem er folida grauiter [onat ungula eornm.
Varro fheweththat at the firft foaling ofa colt,a man may obferue by certain signes how
figns tochufe he will proue when heis in perfe@ion : for ifhebe cheareful,bold, and not terrified ata-
2 good Colt. ny ftrangefight,ifhe run before the company ,be wantonand contend withhis equales
in courfe, and ouer-run them: if he leape ouer a ditch;go ouera bridge; or through wa-
ap ánd being prouoked appeareth mecke, thefeare the mofttruesignes ofan elegiable
olt.
Alfoit is to be confidered, whether they rife quickly, being ftird from their reft, and
runaway {peedily, if their bodies be great, long, full of mufcles, and (harpe, hauing a lit-
tle head, blacke cies, open aad wide noftrils, fharpe pricked cares, a {oft and broad. neck,
notlong,athicke mane curled, and falling on theright fide,a broad and ful breaft,large
fhoulders, and (houlder-bones, round ribs,a little belly, a dubble backe-bone, orat the
leaftnotthin, bunchie or extended hisloines prefied downewards , broad, and well fet,
little and {mal (tones, long taile, with curled boire, highe , ftraighte and: equal legges,
round knees not great, nor bending inward round buttockes, brawny and flefhy thighes,
Columella high, hard, hollow, and round hooues, wel fet to the crowne of their pafterne; hauing
Varro vaines confpicuous and apparant ouer al his body, That colt which atthe time of his foa-
Albertus — ling hath the mofte higheft legges, is likelyeft by common reafonto proue moftable
and noble in hisage, for of al the ioynts in the body the knees and legges grow leaft; and
they which haue Bexibleioynts in their infancy, wil be more nimble and flexible in their
Ora gens And thusmuch forthe parts ofa colc. Now, inthe next place we mutt likewife take
olahesieen Confideration of a horfle vntamed ,and ready forthe faddle.For the outward partes of his
backed or ne bodie faith Xenophon, yeeld euident fignificationof his minde, before he be backed.
werridden, upg willeththatthe ftateof his body bee ftraight,and articulate, his head bony his
checkeslittle,his eies ftanding out,and not fünke into his head, flaming like blood, looking
cruelly ifthe body beblacke, but blacke eis ifthe body be white doc argue a gender and
e oe bet-
Io
29
3o 9
49
59 |
—— SS a eat
» M KE
ET 1 á
Of the Horffe.
| better difpofition : fhortand little eares , the crowne of his head greater then the refidue,
| broad Noftrils, whereby he not onely looketh moreterribly but breatheth more eafily,
| for when one Horffeis angry with another, in their rage they are wont to ftrecch out
| their Noftrils vehemently.
| Thebeake or fnout of a Horffe , ought not to ftand out likea fwynes, but to bend
downe alittle crooked, the headto befo1oynedtothenecke, as 1t may bend more cot-
modioufly, thatis, if the necke be fmall next to thehead, fo willthe necke ftand before
| . therider, and his eies appeare before his feete : andalthough he bee full of ftomacke, yet
| will he neuer be violent or ftiffenecked:It ought alfo to be confidered, whether his cheek-
bonesbe(harpe, tender, or vaequall, ftanding one aboue another, for their imparity ma-
keth the Horffes necke to be hard, and ftubborne.
The backe-bone aboue his fhoulders higher commodious to fetthe faddle vpon;& his
whole body the better compacted, if the backe bone be duble,and fmooth; for then fhall
therider fit more eafily, and the forme ofthe Horfle appeare more delectable. A large
breft fheweth his comlineffe and ftrength, making him fittotake longer reaches without
doubling ofhis Legges;becaufe in abroad breaft the Legs ftand further afunder: large
fideor ribbes fwelling out aboue the belly, for they fhew the ability of the Horffe both to
his foodand worke, a round euen belly and his loines being broad and fhort, caufeth the
forlegs to belifted vp more eafily and the hinderlegs to follow, for the {mal loines do not
2e onely deforme, but enfeeble and oppreffe the Horffe, therefore the loines ought to bee
duble,the ribbes broad and flethy, agreeable to the breaft and fides, buttocks follide and
broad,witha long taile reaching downe to the hecles of his hinder Legges. Thighes full
of finnewes, the bones of his Legges thicke like the poftes of the whole body, but chat
thickneffe ought neither to be of vaines nor flefh, for then they are quickly inflamed and
wounded, when they trauile in rough and fharpe waies: for rf the fefh be cuta little, the
commiffures parte afunder, and caufeth the Horffe to halte, and aboue all other thinges
hauea regard to his feet and therin efpecially to his hoof, for being thick, it is better then
being thin Jlikewife if they be hard,caufeth the pafterne to ftand higher from the ground,
for fo in their pace the foftand hard parts of the foote doe equally fuftaine one another,
zo andthe hard hoofe yealdeth a foundlikea Simbal,for the goodneffe of a horfe appeareth
by thefound of his feete.
tion in Horffes, and firft of alltherefore,a great and flefhy head, great cares, narrow No-
ftrils, hollow eyes,along necke,a mane not hairy, a narrow breaft, hollow fhoulders,
narrow fides,and little fefhy fharpeloines, bare ribs, hard and heauy Legges, knees not
apt to bend, weake thighs, not ftrong,crooked legs, thin, full flethy, plaine and low hoofs’,
all thefe things are to be auoided in the choife of your Ho rffe.
ING n,and we haue fhewed already that in a
62 fullion we are principally to co nfider the colour, forme, merit, and beau-
50 Nobleas any other, . |
The cheefe colours are thefes bay, white, carnation, golden; tüffec, moufe-colour;
flcabitten, foorted, pale and blacke : of all thefe the blacke ot bay is to be preferred. Op-
| pianus maketh diftin&ion of Horfles by their colour in this manner, the gray or blewifh
Nowon the contrary fide it is good alfo to fet downe the faults and fignes of reproba- -
295
Ofthe color,
| — fpotted is fitteftfor the hunting of the Hart, the bright bay forthe Beareand Leopards, ^ |
| theblacke with flaming eies againft the Lyons. The naturall colour ofthe wilde Horffes
| js are
m
AT Am
B p ee OT pen
SS
i A up i rini eM
MEC Rap i ea =
^fi Fe
i4
y»
206 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
areanafhe colour witha blacke ftrake from the head along the backe to thetaile, buta
mong tame Horffes there are many good ones of Black, White, Browne, Red, and flea.
bitten colour. But yetit isto beremembred that feldome or neuer Coultes be foaled
white, buc rather of other colour, degenerating afterward by the increafe of their age.for
fuch Horfles are more liuely, durable,andhealthy, then other of their kinde, and there-
à for Plutarch commendetha white Horffe of SjZ«for his fwiftnes offootand ftomacke : a-
Varrinin mong al colours, firft che blacke, then the bay, next the white; and laft the gray are moft
commended. fy;
Camerarius commendetha certain colour cald in Latin Faris and may b ee englifhedda- 19
ple gray, becaufe ofthe diuers in-textures of colours, which although many nations doe
difalow yet vndoubredly that colour (faith he) isa figne and argument ofa good nature,
confticuted and builded vpon atemporate commixture ofhumors. Where black, white,
and yellow hairesappeare fothat the fight of one of thefe is nothing inferiour to the eque-
ftriall party coloured caparifons: Among Horffes which are diners coloured they which
haue ftars in their forehead and one white foote, were moft commended ; fuch werethe
Thrafian Horffes not admitted in copulation, of which Virgil/ fpeaketh in this manner ;
jó* — Thracius albus
Portat equus buelor soeulis vefticia primi
: Alba pedis, frontemque oftentans arduus albam.
Blacke Horffes alfo which haue one rafiet or {wart foot in their faces, or elfe ablack toung 26
are highly commended for generation, but the pale coloured Horffesate no waies to be
admitted to couer Mares,becaufe their colour is of no acount:& likewife it is feldom feen
that the Fole proueth better then the fire. Tbe bay colour hath bin receiued without ex-
ception for the beft trauailers, for itis fuppofed that Badius (amongft the Latines) is de-
riued ofFadium quia inter coctera animaliafortus vadats becaufe among other creatures he
oeth moftfurelye. |. : |
Itisalfo behoouefull that ina Stallion Horffe, the mane bee ofthe fame colour with the
Artificial — body. Horfle-keepers baue deuifedto make their Mares conceiue ftrange colours, for
make Mares Whenthe Mares would go to the horfe, they paint a Stallion with diuers colours, and fo
conceiuethe. bring him into the fight and prefence of the Mare; where they füffer him to flanda gocd 39 |
pef colt. while vntill the perfectly conceiue in her imagination the true dea and ful impreffion of
thofepicturesand then they fuffer himto couer her;which being performed the concei-
uetha Foale ofthofe colours: In like manner, Pigeons conceiue younge ones of diuers
colours. :
The Germans to mingle the colour of horfes haires (cfpecially to bring blackeamong
white) take the roots offearue, and of fage, and feeth them together in leigh, andthen
wath their horffes all ouer therewith. For the making of their horffes white, they take that
fat which arifeth from the deco&tion ofa moule in an earthen pot, and there withal anoint
the places they would haue white. Alfo they (haue off the haires,and put vpon the balde
place crude hony, and Badggers greafe, which maketh the haires toarifewhite : and ma- 49
ny other meanesarevfedby horfle-leatches, as afterward fhalbe fhewed. In the olde age
of horffe his hair doth naturally change white, aboue all other beafts that we know, and
the Yeon is, becaufe the brain-pan, is amore thin and flender bone, thenthe greatneffe
of hisbody would require, which appeareth by this, that receiuingablow in thatplace,
his lif@is more indangered then by hurting any other member, acording to the obferua-
tion ot Homer : Et qua feta havent capiti letaleque vuluus
Precipue fit equis.
And thus much fhall fuffice for the colour of a Stallion : now followeth the form or out-
Theforme Ward proportion of the body, which ought tobe great and folide, bis ftature aunfwerable
to his ftrength, his fides large, his buttockes round, his breaft broad, his whole body full $e
and rough with knots.of mufcles,his foot dry and folide,hauing a high hoofe attheheele,
The parts of his beaury avethefe, alittle & dry head,the skin almoft cleauing to the bons,
The beautye fhort & pricked eares, great eies broad noftrils,a long andla rge mane and taile,withafo-
ota Stallion. tid and fixed rotundity of his hoofzs,& fuch anone,as thrufteth his head deepe into the
water whenhe drinketh, hisribs and loines, like an Oxes,afmoothand ftraight pip his
RE «ear | T 7. 5,4. ees OD
Of the Horffe. 297
| or hippes long, broad, and f lefhy, his Legges large, fle(hy and dry, the finnewes and
joynáuresthereof great and notflefhy nearethe hoofes: that the hinder part of his bo-
| — dybe higherthen his forepart,like as ina Hart, and this beauty betterappeareth ina leane
| — body then ina fat, for fatneffe couereth many faults; the former parts are thus exprefled
| — by Horace: | |
| - Regibus bic mos eff vbi equos mercantur , opertos
Injpiciunt profi faeies vt [ape decora.
K Molli fulta pede eft, emptorem indueat biantem
: Quod pulchriclunes, breue quod caput ardua cernix.
| ro Ifyouwill make trial of your ftallion whether hebe fit for procreation, Hipparchws teach-
| eth youthis experiment: preffe the genytall member with your two fingers, and with
| Jockes of Woll draw out his feede which being fo drawne out, ifit cleaue and hang toge-’
| ther, foas it will not be cut noreafily parted, it is ademonftration of a good Stalion bur if
|. ithangnottogether like birdlime, buteafily go afunder like milke or whay, fuch a Horfe
isnot to beadmitted to couer your Mares. When Horffes be olde among other faultes The age ofa
| | they engender Foales lame in their feete, and therefore they are to be kept and notto be Stallion,
admitted to copulation nor War, for his rage is like a weake fire among wet ftuble accor-
ding to thefe verfes :
| Morbo gratis aut fegnior annis
| 20 Deficit ,abde domo, nec turpi ignofte [eneca
| Frigidus in venerem fenior fruftraque laborem
Ingratum trabit : & (i quando ad prelia ventum eff
Vt quondam in strpulis magnus fine viribus igna
In cafum furit.
Therefore it behooueth that a Stalion Horffe be not vnder three yeares old when he co- c,/,ur
uereth a Mare, and it is befi for himto beginne at fiue, for fo he will indure in generation
not onely tillhebe twenty yearcold, but alfo to thirty erforty yeares, asin fome coun-
trieshath beene often proued. They áre not to bee admitted to couer aboue fifteene in
one yeare at the moft, anda young Horffe not aboueten or twelue in one yeare ; the refi-
30 duemaybefi uffered with obferuation of their ftrength and nature. ‘ane
The King of Babilon befide his Horfles for War had eight hundreth Stalions, which .
wereadimttedto couer fixe thoufand Mares, fo that euery one had twenty a peece,ther Paladin. y
isalfoa place in Syria neare Apamia, where in one plot of ground were nourifhed thirty | | | s
thoufand Mares, & three thoufand Stalions(as Celins faith) fo that euery Stalion hadan QUI
hundreth Mares tocouer (inthat place) which number exceedeth the proportion of na-
| ture .Ttisalfo to be remembred that Stalions areto befeperated from Mares al the yeare i
long, except at the time of procreation,and then alfo hemuft belargely fed according to ;
thefeverfes. | 35:1
— His animaduerfis,inftant [ab tempus, G omes |
40 so fmpendunt curas denfo diftendere pingut, i
^ Quem legere ducem, b pecori duxere maritum: — aito L f
| Flerente[que fecamt herbas, fluuio[que miniitrant, | ae m"
Farraque : e blando nequeant fi upereffe labori : , MEE 'B E
Inualidique patrum referant ietunianati, | UIN ut
d c Qpfaautem macie tenuant armenta volentes. vit ie |
Atque vbiconcubitus primos iam nota volaptas
| Sollicitat fronde[que negant , & fontibus arcent.
| Sapeetiam cur[u quatinnt,ce Sole fatigant :
Cum grauiter tunfis gemit areafrugibus: G cum
ba Surgentum ad Zephyrum palea iacf antur inanes,
| Hoc faciunt , nimio ne luxu obtuftor vfus
| Sit genitali aruo, c fusleos oblimet inertes. ;
| Sed rapiat fitiens Venerem ,interiu[querecondat, | Abfirtus
Itis alfotobe obferued, that the males which are defigned for procreation be not ouer
much labored, for then he wil be the more weake for generation, nor yet fuffered to bee
| to
a
gm CA
— oie CI
| 1L BT 298 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
ie Ty. ae kh a to idle, forthen acertaine fleamie humour. is increafed in them ,whichlikewife difableth
EE ll them in copulation,and thus much for the males. T7 : 5
EN s. XQ » Almoftalthefamethings which haue bin faid ofthe male, belong to the female, except
et ib |, Thechefs thebelly of the female oughttobe greater;but iftherebeany whit{peckles or {pots inthe
efMares —. o ; ;
E MT ies of the female, füch as are not contra&ed by accident, but breedein them by nature;
A ae fuchaone is refufed for breede, fora Horffeborne offucha Mare, when he commeth to
EM cis be olde, will likewife beaffe&ted with thefame idleneffe :butifit bee afemale, by reafon
of her yearely purgation, fhe may paraduentureauoidthat mifchiefe. |
i Bv Itbehooueth therefore that the Mares appointed for war, be well compacted, ofa de- 19
eee Uy cent quality , being faireand beautifull to looke vpon, the belly and loines being great; in
. Ae a The copula- agenot vader three nor aboueten yeares old. Concerning their admiffionto generation;
che dente it isto beremembred, thatche Latines hauea proper tearme to fignifie the appetite of the
' femaleto the male, which they call (Eqwére) thatis, (Horffing) and they.continue in that
luítfixty daies together, the fignes whereofare thefe: They forfake their company, run- -
" ning not toward the Eaftand Weft, but the contrary, to the North and South : neither
8H! permit they any body to come neare them, vntillthey either bee wearied or meete with
1 gin themale,and ifthey meet witha femalelikethemfelucs;they ioyne neare to her, and feeme
a B to reioyce at her fociety,lifting vp the taile, changing of the voice, and fending forth of
her fecretes, a certainethin humour;fomewhatlike the feede ofa horffe, which is called
Hippomanes. ! 29
They alfo make water more often then at other times, fo that among al thefemales of
EE à Ariffete, | theworld,thereisnonebefideawoman,thatis more greedy of procreation then a Mare,
|). 1 MUST Albertuss — becaufe they want a menftruous purgation and yet eat aboundance of meat, which Virg;4 :
EE 1 5. expreffeth, fetting downe their vnlimitablerage, which carrieth chem ouer mountaines
BEEN 0 i> andriuers inthe time ofthis fury. 20H qu
|) à ÀB 10:01 noi cis Scilicet ante omnes furor ef infignis equarum
Be : - Et mentem venus ifa dedit, quo tempore Glauct
eee Pee sues Potinadesmalis membra abfumpfere quadriga
| B uu ccs dMllas dueit amor traus Gargara, tran[que fonantem
EM ^ aM | Afcamums faperant montes ci flamina tranant. seg
EE Alfoatthat tinde; their genital hangeth forth more then átother times;but if their manes
ee oni be fhorne off, their luft isextingui(hed. Itis reported alfo by Cólwmella that in Spaine,in
the Mountain. Tagrowhich reacheth into Portzgal/ vpon the Ocean,there be Mares which
ragefo far in luft,that by theirardent defireof copulation they conceue by the Southweft
wind, withoutthe company ofa horffe, (cuen as Hens do lay Egges being not trode bya
Cocke) whichare called Aypenemia,but thofe Foales line nottill they be aboue three year
By 5 |! | . A old. And iris the property ofthefe Mares (faith 4wiceny by kicking againft the wind with
ES 0 NE |. their hinder legs,to open their owne wombe, andto receiue in that dele&able aire, wher-
EDT M withall they are fatifficed. «. | ,
E E Alfo he faith, that he heard of an old man; which was borne in the Ile of Pealtupha,that 40 |
) MAUI the Mares therof neuer ceaferunning, from thone end ofthe Ilandto theother, whenthe — "|
) 8g rage of theirluft is vppenthem ; which thing is elegantly defcribed bya Poet. how they
— B 1l turnethemfelues to the Weft; (tanding vpon therockes, and there'draw in the cold aire,
BEES uu which oftentimes maketh them conceiue, wondering that they. conceiue not rather by
ED (7 j i the eaft funrifing or South, then by the wefterly wind bordering vpon the north,the Poets | &
ED 5 il .' words are thefe : ETC bmi NT
ee Continueque amidis vbsfubdita flamina medullis, 2
ee Vere magis (quiawerecalorredit ofsibus) ille
B E Oro omnes verfein Zephyrums flant repibus alti
E 3 ha Exceptantque leues auras z ei f ape fene vllis s 3€ |
W ^ |! Coniugys vento grauia (mmirabile dicfu.) an
B uu av Saxa per, ej [copulos, ei depréffaa conualles ........
' a 351 i v MA | | Diffugiunt non E wre fuos neque Solis ad ortus': <>
n m oto se nolit Beream Caurumá, aut vide Nigerrimus adfler ado
1 ij | i" cod csi Das afeiter cr plumio contriftatfrigorecalun, | bios
au ' x US. Bent
: Ru i
ae ! N Y
gu. |
es WC
: Nace x
| Of; the Horffe. : 299 *
Sometimes Horffes and Mares admit copulation at two yeare old, but thofe Foales neuer
| proueexcellent, but at three yeare old or thirty monthes, they fuffer coniunétion fafely
and with profit, becaufe they ceafe toloofe their teeth. They continueintheirgenerau- — -
on, bearing cuery fecond yeare, the male vntillhe bethirty yeare olde, and che femaleas P^
long as fhe liueth ; but the male ingendereth yearely ; Anditis reported of a horiein O-
| pus,dhat couereda Mare after he was forty yeare old,being oncly holp vp and down fiom
| the Mare. . | Pc rag
Pliny, Oppianus, Aelianus and Ariftotle, doe confidently affirme,that when the King of 5 5.1.4 co
_ Sothia hadallhis generous breede of Horfíe deftroyed by apeflilence (exceptone of his his own dam
| 1e beft Mares anda Stallion which wasa Foale of that Mares) being defirous to conunue
the breede, caufed his horfle-keeper to put the Sonne and Mother together, but the
| * Horffe refufed copulation. with his owne parents. Afterwardthe Horfle-keeper cone-
| ~ redthe Mare with artificiall skinnes, and likewife dreffed the Horffeinfuch manner, as
| one couldnot know the other, wherupon being brought together the fecond time, the
- Stallion coucred his owne mother: Afterward the Horffe keeper difcouered them, the
| one tothe other, whereby they knew the fraude,and grew guiltye in themfelues of ince-
{tious commixtion ; Whereupon they tooke no other reuenge vppon themfelues, but
| rannetothe top of ahighrocke; and there fucceffiuely threw downe themfelues, oneaf-
| teranother,fo ending their miferable daies,& preuentingtheir Maifters hopes; to teach
| go al mankind, that tbey ought not to feeke to thriue by fins agairift nature, the likeis before
rehearfed ofa male Camell.
The very like ftory is reported ofa Horffe in the cozfts of Rea,yet this isnot held to be ge-
nerall : for beafts (as Arzitotle faith) dopromifcuoufly couer one another; the father the
| Daughter, the Sonne the mother, the Brother the Sifter,and this maketh them to be per-
| fe&tbeafts; and the ftories before recited may be true, yet are they extraordinary : othet-
| wifethe common rule of Ozid remaineth true. That it isnot a filthy thing for beafts coob-
| ferue no degrees of nature.
Cocunt ani maliamallo
catera delettu, mechabetur turpeinuerce
o Ferrepatrem tergo, fit equo [na filta coniux.
Thebefttime of the yearefortheioyning of Horffes and Mares for copulation, is from
the vernall equino&iall co the fummer folftice, becaufe then the Coults which are foaled ' IR M
in due time, baucthe greene herbes and allthe warme weather for the fuccour of their in- j | | |
fancy :and if the Mare (after (hee hath beene once couered) refufe the male, let ber refi MN "AM
| — tenne daies,andthen bring her to the male againe; if fhee refufe the fecond time, you i Higa? |
| may takeit for graunted, that fheis filled already. Wherfore feeing it is knowne certain-
ly thata Mare goeth twelue months with young, itis an catie matter fo toorder the time E
ofher copulation, that herfoale may alwaies be delinered in a warme and feaf onable Hime «estes | 3
of theyear:for which caufe there is aninvention for ftiring vp of the luft both inthe male to procure EU M
p and female : the Hymenean (hephere s by the fweetnefle of fongs vpon their pipes, ftirred ho figs to cQ id
vp their Horflesand Mares to copulation, but the more affured way is, to follow the di- ? :
rc&ion of Columella and Abfyrtus to prouokethem by naturall meanes, like as Bulsand
Kyne. sim stt. | i: m |
Andfitft ofall for the male, giue him the taile ofa Hart burned, mingled with wine, | n
and annoint therewithall his tones and genetall member, and fo (hal the dul Srallion be l |
more prone to venery 5 alfo there is akind of Satrrrum which they giueto them in drinke, j |
|. orthepowder ofa horffes ftones ; likewife ifthe female refufe, take (hrimpes beaten f ofte |
| withwater (as thicke as hony) therewithal touch the nature ofthe Marein hir purgation, NN |
| andafterwards hold it toher Nofe, or elfe take hennes dunge mixed with Rozen and i .
) 39 Turpentyne, andannoyntthefecrets of the Mare, which fhall fo far increafe her luft, as M
| it cureth thelothfomneffe better then the fhrimps, and increafeth luft. P
| But you muft regard, that noleane and ill fauoured Mare be annointed, becaufe the | F Ii
| —. horfeisquickly wearied from his luft,and fo delightech only to be tickled therewith wich- YT |
| gut doingany thing. ae |
| Otheragaine doc firft of all bring fome vulger horffeto the Mare, who proucketh |
|
|
and
* 300 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafis. *!
and (ticreth hei to luft, and when he isneare the very faéte offilling her, they lead her a-
way, to amore generous Stallion, to be couered by him: And fo ifnone of thefe meanes
do preuaile with her, they doe rub her fecrets with a Nettle,and that canfeth her to fuffer
the Horffe to enter. |
Democritus alfo faith that it isin our power to caufe our Horffesto bring forth males
ot females ; for ifwe füffer themto couple when the North winde bloweth, orthe third
To ingender day before the full Moone, ox bind his leaft ftone, hee fhall get a male 5 but if whenthe
amie or re- ‘ . . .
male. South wind bloweth, or three daics afterthe full Moone, orbinde the right ftone of the |
Horffe, it will prouea female. : :
Alfo ifatthe time of copulation, the Horffe leape off from the Mare on the right fide; 16
itisa token icwill bea male, but if on the left fide, it wil be a female. Carnall copulation is
moft acceptable to Horffes, and leffe grieuous vnto them then to Neate, for there isno
kind (man only excepted) that is fo venereous and nimble in generation asis a Horffe or
Mare.
The males know their females with whom they liue, although they haue bine buta few
daics together; and if ftrange females fall into their company, they expell them away by
biting, feeding fingleandalone with their female by themfclues; butifany male or other
ftone Horffe come within their walke, then prefently they make force at bim ; if their fe-
male ftir from them, they reftraine her by biting :and inthis time of their rage, they nei-
' ther regard the rider,nor their aduer{ary, nor the bridle, norcruell ftripes,nor fteep hills, 20
nor rocks,or canes ofthe earth,ifthey wind the amorous fauour of their fellowes; accor-
ding to the faying of Pirgil/ in thefe verfes : .
Nowne vides, vt tota tremor pertentet equorum
Corpora, ff tantum notas odor attulit auras ?
Acneque eos iam frena virum, nee verbera fana,
Non [copuli, vupe[d, cane atque obtect aretardant
Flumina, correptos undatorquentia montes.
Tt hath beene alfo receiued, thata barren mare thal conceiue if you take a bunch of leek
bruifed {mall and put intoa cup of VVineand twelue French flies called Cantarides in wa-
ter, putthem two daies together into the genitall ofa mare ike a Glyfter, and afterwards 28
puther to a Horffeanointing her fecrets with thefaid ointment two feuerall times, when
the horfeleaps down from hers or elfe they take Nyter,Sparrows dung Rozen, and Tur-
pentine, thrufting the fame into the mares genitall, whereby it hath been proued, that fe-
cundity oftentimes followed.
Alfo fome vfe Syler ofthe mountaines to procure conception in Mares and Cowes,
and the true figne of conception is, when their nature (that is) the fluent humour,out of
their fecrets ceafeth fora month, or two, or three: and Pliny faith that whena mareis fil-
led fhe changeth her colour, and looketh more red, whichis to be vnderftood not ofher
haire, but of her skinne, lips and cies, her haire ftanding more fullthen before. Then let
The ordring them befeperated from the males, exempting them from moift places, cold, and labour, 49 |
ofa ate forall thefe are enemies to her foaling, and caufe abortement. |
with foale. : . ,
Varro Likewifethey muft not haue too much meate nor too little, but onely a tempe-
Palladitts iss dyetand foftelodging, their better ordering is elegantly defcribed in Firgill in thefe
verícs
Non illas erautbus quifquaminga ducere plauftrus,
Non faltu fuperare viam (it pafjus & aeri
Carpere pratafuga : (luuso[que inmare vapaces.
Saltibus in vacuis pa[cant : ei plena feenndum
Flumina, ec virtdifima gramine vipa :
Spleuncaque tegant : c [aera procubet vmbra. 59
Thisis moft certaine thatifa VVomanin her flowers, touch a mare with foale (orfome-
times doe but fee her) itcaufethto caft her foale, ifthat purgation, bethe firft after her
Oruss virginity: In like manner, ifthey {mellofthe fnuffe ofa candle, or eat bucke-maft or Gen-
tian. The Egyptians when they wil defcribe awoman fuffering abortement, they piéture
aMare treading vpona Wolfe, for ifa Mare kickeata Wolfe ortread wherea P
M eU d ; ene ath
SARS Dates air
P
x
*
e
*
L4
MS
oe ——_——
Bab ~
utu g
LS
4
a
*
*
AES
"D
AD".
duc.
;
Li
A CAS oC cna
*
€
at
a
31;
Of the Horffe. | 301
| hath troad, fheecafteth her foale: Ifan affe couer a Mare, whicha horffe hath formerly
| filled, there followethabortment,but ifa horffe couer a Mare,which an Affe hath former-
ly filled, there followeth no abortment, becaufe the horfles feed is hotter then the Affes,
Ifa Marebe ficke ofabortment or foaling, Pollipody mingled with warme water giuen hir
in ahorne, isa prefentreme dy.
The Scythians when they perceiue their Mares to be quicke. wich foale, they ride vp-
onthem, holding opinion thatthereby, they caft forth their foales with leffe paine and let At
difficulty. They carry their young one ia their wombes as hath beene already faid, twelue ab eee
moneths, but fometimes they come at eleuen moneths and ten daies, and thofeare com- with young.
1o monly males, for the males are fooner perfected inthe womb then thefemales,and com-
| monly the females arefoaled at twelue months or ten daies, and thofe whichtary longer
| are vnprofitableand not worth education. A Mareis moft eafily deliuered of her young
among other beafts,and beareth moft commonly,but one ata time,yer it hath beenfeen
that twins hath proceeded from her. At thetime of her deliuery, fhee hath leffe purgati-
onofblood,then fo great a molde of body canaffoorde, and when fhe bath foaled, thee 4, ifle
denoureth her fecends,.and alfo a thing that cleaueth to her foales fore-heade, beinga o
piece of blacke dlefh called Hippomanes, neither doth fhee füffer her young one tofucke
vntill (he haue eaten thar, for by fraelliagthereunto,the young and old horfles,or other
| of that kind would fal mad, and this thing haue the impofters of the world, vfed fora Phyl-
29 ¢reor amorous cuppe, to draw VVomento loue them, Z77gill fpeakezh thus ofits, -
Queritur C nafeentis Equi de fronte reuulfus
. Et matris prareptus amor. :
| .. Hinc demiem Hippomanes vero quod nomine dicunt
I» Paftores. Lentum diflillat ab inguine virus
| Hippomanes , quod [epe male legereneueres.
| Mifcueruntque herbas c non innoxia verba. p
Andagaine,
| This poifon made intoa candle (Anaxilaws faith) in the burning thereof, there fhall beea ee
| o prefentation of many monftrous horffe-heads. There is verie great poifon contained in Lau a
this Hippomanes, for the Arcadian Phormis made a horffe of braffe at Olympia, and put Hj- " lh
pomanes into the fame, and ifthe horffes atany time had feene this brazen horffe, they Ls M
weare fo farre inraged withluft, that no halters or bands could hold them, but breaking l |
all, runneand leaped vpon the faid brazen horffe, and although it wanted a taile, yet wold li ae l ]
they forfake any beautiful Mareand runne to couer it ; neither when they came vnto it, jl ion a
and foundit by their heeles to be founding and hardbraffe, woulde they defpaire of co- j tie
| pulation, but mote and more, with noife of mouth, rage,and endeuor of body, labor to | Dn :
| leapevponthefame, althoghthe flippery braffe gaue them no admiffion or flay of abod | i. |
vpon the backe of that fubftance, neither could they be drawne from the faide brazea I- TS Hh I
, mage;vntil by thegreat ftrength and cruel ftripes of the riders they were forcibly driuen a.
away. i Jas!
Sonie thinkethis little peece of feth to cleauc to the fore-head, others to the loynes, T
| and many tothe genitals : but howfoeuer it is an vnfpeakeable part of Gods providence, M.
| to make the Mares belly a fepulchre for that poifon; for if it fhould remaine in the males rj Y
asinthe females, the whole race of hor fles would vtterly perith anid be deftroied throgh ie mto
rageofluft, for which caufe the keepers and breeders of horfessdodiligently obferue the ; i
| time oftheir Mares-foaling, and inftantly cut off the fame from the Colte,referuing itin |
the hoofe a Mare, to procure the Stallions to carnal copulation, and the Colt from which
| they cut this piece of fleth,they facrificed it, for itis manifeft faith Elanus that the Mare i |
tb n how louethat foale, from whence fhee hath not eaten and confumed this peece of j |
ein. | ccr 29M 1
| And thispoifon isnot onely powerful in brute beafts, but alfoin reafonablemensfor ia
ifat any time by chance or ignorantly they taftheereof, they likewife fall tobe fo madde Mot]
and precipitate in lufte, raging both with geftures and voice, that they cafte their Ul
lufifull eyes, vppon eueric kind of Women, attempting wherefocuer they meet them T um
owes ^ Dd JH to IM
CR x 215 |
ee
302,
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
torauith or ingender withthem :and befides becaufe ofthis oppreffion of their minde,
their body confumethiand vadeth away : for three daies after the Colt is foaled hee can
hardly touch the ground with his head. It is not goodto tou chthem, for they are har-
med by often handling, onely itis profitable, that it befuffered with the darme in fome
warme and large flable,foas neither it be vexed with cold, nor in daunger to beopprefled
by the Marethorough want ofroome.Alfo their hooves muft belooked voto, leaft their
dung fticking vnto them burne them, afterward when it waxeth ftronger, turnehim out
/"* Gntothe field with his damme, leaftthe Mare ouer-mourne her felfe for want of hirfoale,
V7 “for fuch beafts loue their young ones exceedingly: | 3
After three daies let the Mare bee éxercifed andrid vppe and downe; but with fuch
pace as the foale may followher, for that fhallamend and encreafe her milke. Ifthe Cole
haue foft hooues, it will make him runne more fpeedily vppon the hard ground; or elfe
lay little ftones vnder their feet, for by fuch meanes their hooues are hardned, andifthat
preuaile not, take (wines greafe,and brimftone neuer burned, and the ftalkes of Garlicke
"S bruzed aiid mingled all together, and therewithall anointthe hooues.
The mountames alfoare good for the breeding of Coles for two caufes, firft for thar
in thofe plates their hoones are hardned,and fecondly by their continual afcending and
difcending, their bodiés are better prepared for induring of labour: And thus much may
fuffice for the edüicatihg and nurfing of foales.For their weaning obferuethis rule, firft{fe-
perate them from their dams twentyfoure houres togither, in the next morning let them
be admitted to fucke their belly full, and then remoued to be neuer more fuckled: atv.
moneths old begin to teach them to eat bread or hay, and ata yeare old giue them barly
and bran,and at two yeares old, weane them vtterly.
pe bandling, taming, breaking of
Horffes.
Hey whichare appointed to breake horffes, are calledby
the Grzcians Eporedice,Hipodami and Hipecomi khe Latins
Equifones,Arulatores,and Cociones ji Italian Jo Cozone. Ab-
[yrtus is of opinionthat foales are to be vfed to hand;and to
be begunto betamed at eighteene moneths old, not to be
backed but onely tied by the heade ina halter toa racke or
maunger, fo that it may not be terrified forany extraordi-
nary noife, for whichcaufe they vfe them to brakes, butthe
beft time is at three yeares old, as Crefcetienfis teacheth in
<=! many chapters, wherefore when they begin to behandled,
let him touch the rough partes of his bodie, as the maneand other places , wherein the
1o
:20
30
horffe taketh delight to be handled : neither let him bee ouer feaneare and'Tyrannous , 49
and {eeke to ouercome thebeaftby ftripes, butas C/tere faith, by faire meanes or by hun-
gerandfamine. ^: sdedels inte
Some haue vfedto handlethem fucking, andtohange vpin their prefence-bitsand
bridles, that fo by the fight and hearing the gingling thereof in their eares, they might
row more familiar.And when they came to handto lay vpontheir backesalitle boy flat
on his belly; and afterward co make him fitvpon him formally, holding him by the head,
andthis they doatthree yeare old, but commit him to nolabor vntill he be:foureyeare
old, yet domefticall and {mall horffes for ordinarie vfe are tamed at two yeare. olde, and
the beft time for the effe&ing heereof, is in the moneth of March. | |
Itisálfo goodin riding ofa young horffeto light often, and to get vp againe; then 59
ler him bring him home and vfe him to the ftable, the bottome whereof, is good to be pa-
ued with round ftones; or elfe planks of oake,ftrewing litter vpon it when he lieth down,
thar fo he may liefoftand ftand hard.Itis alfo good to be regarded, thatthe plankes bee
folaid , asthe vrine may continually run off from them, hauing a little clofe: ditch to re-
ceiue it, chat fo the horffes feet may norbehurt thereby, anda good maifter of Tene
dt ; mu
>
LU
T
» Li
P
A ER.
E
Wr >
\
A sOfthe Horffe. s oT 303
muft oftentimes go into his ftable, that fo he may. obferie the vfageof this beatt. The
niangeralío ought to bekept continually cleane forthe receiuing of his prouender;that:
fono filth or noifome thing be mingledtherewith: there ou ghtalfo to be partitions init;
that fo euery beaft may eat his owne allowance; for greedy horfles do not onely fpeedily:
rauen vp their owne meat, but alfo rob their fellowes. ‘Others againe hauelüch weake
ftomackes that they are offended with the breath of their fellowes, ahd will not catcexs
cepttheyeatalone. ^ obnadbur oto ston redo vus tierqasos si! Sod
7? v Therackealfo is to be placed according to their ftature that fo their throat may:nov
betoo much extended, by reaching highs-nor their eyes orheadtroubledsbecaultitis
1o placed toolow. There oughtalfo to be much light inthe table, leaft the beaftaccultos "^ ^»
med to darkeneffe;bc offended at the Sunneélight, and winke ouer much, being nor able
toindure the beams whenhe'is led abroad; but yet the (table muft be warmeand not hor}
for althogh heat do preferu fatnes, yet it bitin peth indifeeftion and hurtetlia horffes va:
ture, therefore inthe Wintertimethe ftable muftbe fo ordered, as the beaft may notbe
offended or fallinto difeafes by ouermuch heat or fuddaine cóld.In the Surhmer tiase lé
them lodge both night and day in the open aire-This alfo in (tabling of your horffes matt
beauoided, namely the fties of Swine, forthe funke, the breath, the gruntlin gofhogs;
isabhominablefor horffes, and nature hathframed no fimpathie or concorde’ betwixte
thenoble and couragious fpirite ofa horfle, and the beaftlie flugei(h:condition of a
be :5Wirre. 10070 yw 3uood1300/&3 vous Shige cd ozotm ni b bwastoag
Remoue alo far awaie from your horfles ftables all kind of fowle, which werewoont
to haunt thofe places, to gatliervp the remnant-graines oftheir prouender; leaning be-
hind them their little fethers, which if the horffe licke vp in his meat; fticke uri his throar;
orelfe their excrements which procurethlheéloofenesofhisbellie, — torio
Itmuftalfobe regarded, that the ftable muft bekept neat, fweet;andcleanejfoasin ,— "cj
abfence of the horffe, it may notly likea place for fwine:The inftruments'alfo,ahd imple: C477
mentsthereof,fuchas are the horfle cloathes, the cürri-combes,themarie-cormbés;tàd:
dies and bridles be difpofed and hung vp in'order behind the horfle, fo as it maieneitlier
trouble him eating or lieng; noryet giue him occafion to gnaw,eat, and deuourthented
3o their owne damage or hurt, for fuch is ché naturéoffome wanton horffes, to pulaffunder
and deftroie whatfoeuer they can reach. “| D eT VIRA O2 1g Jone
They are therefore oftentimes to be exercifedand backed, and principally to bee kept
ina good diet, for want of food deieteth the fpirit of the nobleft horffe; and al fo maketh
the meane herffeto be ofnovie; but on the contrary, a good diet doth not onelie make
ameane horffe to be feraicable, but alfo contiauethe worthand value of the beft, which
thing Poets confidered, when they fained that 47/27 the horfle of Neptune and fome o-
thers were made by Ceres the Goddeffe of corne, which any meane witted man may int
, tetpretto fignifie;that by abundance of prouender the nature of horffes was fo farre ad-
uanced aboue ordinary, that like the fonnes of the Gods they perform incrédible things:
4o whether thereforethey eat chaffe, or hay, ot graffe, or graine, according'to the diuerfi-
ties of countries; let it be wholefome, cleane, freth, and {weet, without duft, gravel, mu-
ftines, or euill fmell. Horst omot D3w ;,esuoord eir rico
In the morning giue them barley or prouender, a little at atimein diftin or feuerál
portions;twiceor thrice one after another;fo as he may chew and eke difgeft it thorogh
ly;otherwife ifhe rauen it in,as héwil do hauing much ata tíme,he rendreth it in his dung
wholeand not difzefted; About three houres after he hath eaten his prouender;giue him
alittle of hay, andthree houres after that his dinners allowance of'eraiae, as inthemor-
ning, and afterwards about two or thteea clock hay againe;andthen fome drink :la(t of
all giue him his allowance of prouender for Sider, witha bottle or twoofhay, which
3? onghtto be moreplentifulthan the former feruings:& yetthefe rulesare nottorbe vnder
ftoodas though they might notbe altered, for the times prefixed may be preuented ifo-
cafion require: Their beft prouénder is oats and barley, yet barly ingendreththe thinner
and better blood, and therefore itis to be preferred, only the meafürejofthe prouender
is lefte to the diferetion of the horfle-kéeper,and there isno meare more wholfome fora
horffe than barly and chaffe; becaufe it wil make him ful of life,and alfo ableto indure la-
bor, yet not ouer fat. ! Dd 2 CASA C
Vegetius
ret Od enol aid
P pm
E
"qr
304. The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
- Ta Englandin many placesthey piue their horífes bread made of Eit ches; beàns ;and
peafe.VVhen one isto makea journey on horfle-back,lethimnot giue lis. horfeto much
prouinderthenoone before; but fomewhat the more hay, and bread fteeped in wine,and
al(ólet bini ferue him fooneratnight than ordinary, that foithebeaft may takethe more
teft. There be which refufeto gine horfles wet prouender or fteeped bread , becaufe they
concciue thátir will breedih them oathfomneffe of meat sbutthe truthiis; areafonable
horfle-keeper preuenteth that mifcheefe, andbefides, the meat ofa horffe 1s-altogither
fo drie;thar the;beaft himfelfeisindangered to Beficke of that difeafe sand therefore it
js asfafe togiue him moiftened foodefometimes, as wellas to giue him bread mingled
Camerariés with fale. i gu oc! tes read ucl od ER
si pidgtis re ite ju ‘ Lid 6
sic Whenahorfleis weary or fweateth, let him not drinke nor eat prouender, but after
he is walkeda litle while, giue him hay, firft ofalcouering, hina witha large cloath;and re:
member, that hay is not to be caft before ahorfle; as itis outof the reeke; but firft of all;
it muftbe pulled, and fhaken betwixt the handes,for the auoiding of duft, and other filth.
.. Reftrain the horffe as muchas you may from eating the litter vnder his feet, for euenthe
~~ bet meat fo'defiled is vaholfome. Itisalfo good fometimes to fuffer him td picke vp his
meatonthe ground betwixt his forelegs, thatwill make his necke to grow ‘thinner, lean-
nerjand more comely.Ler his necke be fat bound in the Stable witha Letlierne collar,
and bind witha rbanicle his fore-leggeto the hinder leg onthe contrary fide, and fo fhal
ies .* Bi ui hislegs be preferuedin more health, becaufe they cannot mooue out oftheir place butize
EE with difficulty, ; «5. Jo be) a 3 ERU
— ll -sc «Concerning the drinke of horffes, fomething more isto beadded in this place;and
namely brackyfhand troubled water, fuchas runneth foftly, as in great pondes, is fitteft
forhorffe, becaufe that water, being hotand thicke nouritheth better, butthefwift Wa-
Rufsius ter is colder, and thefefore more vnliolfomc, but yetin hot times (as inSummer) the
eas) {weet and clearer water is more conuenient if cuftome beenot againftit. - And becaufe
ahorffe (except he drinke freely) can neuer be fat, let his. mouth, oftentimes be wafhed
within. with falrand wine, and that will make him eat and, drinke more liberally : and yet
the running water is more wholfome for horffes, becaufewhatfoeuer is moueably fluent,
is leffefubie& to poyfonthen that which ftandeth ftill; but ifa horffe (weat. or be weary, it 26
is notfafe to let him drinke any thing, except he firft ftale, for in fuch cafes followeth di-
flention. o: vileciornid bone ! | | di Y
: Anditis betterto turne or lead forth your horffz to water;thento bring it vato them.
Andifatany time neceffity caufc this to be done, then letthe Water bevery cleare and
frefh. VotOg slt pent (d s us
. Hisfübleorlodgingoughtto be ordered, as neither it offend him by..coldin winter,
nor yet thorough heatin Summer, for both thefe extremeties are pernicious: andthet-
fore when theweather is extreame colde, then muftthe horffes backeand belly be coue-
red witha cloath,and when on the contrary it exceedeth in heat, then mufthislitter beta- . -
ken away. . Alfoin heate he muft bee couered with linnen to auoide flies, and in cold 4e |
with woollen to helpe nature : likewife it is good toward night to picke, cleanfe, aud
open.his hooues, with fome artificiall iaftrument, and tothruftinto the hollow.cow-
dung, orin defe& thereof horfe-dung with alittle ftrawe;that fo he may notfhakeit out
againe,but this is not good to be done euerie daye, but rather euery fecond day, andit
is goodto mingle therew ithfewet or greace, or elsa newlaideEgge with warmeafhesi
Inauncienttimethey vied not to (hoo their horfíes with yron,vntill the daies of Catullwe,
who remembreththis cuftome,faying : sti
joe cesse Ferream vt [oleam tenaci in voragine mula fi, recmelleeid cutd onim Ie
So thatit fcemeth that this deuife was firft ofalinuented for mules. Thefehorffe-fhooes, 56
oughttobe round like his feet, and not heauy,leaft the horffes nimblenes be thereby hiri-
dered;& great care muftbe had in nailing orfeting thé on,leaftthe tender and fle(hy. part
Pollux, ofthe foorbe thereby pierced.Another charge ofa horffe-keeper isto keepe his horffes
lippes foft, tender,and gentle,foashe may more fencibly feele his bit :andfor this cau fe
let him often tub them with his hands and warme WVater, andif neederequire witlroylé
o NM
" Of the Horffe.
alfo fand in handling ofa horffe this muft be obferued fora generall rule, that neitherhe
come to the horfle right before his face nor behind histaile; becaufe both thefe are dan-
erousto the riders leaft by his heeles or mouth hee harmehim, buton his fide he ma
fafely fet vpon him orhan dle his horfic, and when he leadech him; he muttlikewife goe
on his fide. © Mie Q TIO PIRGT 35* TO TE ioni it te i2u
* Likewife good and painefull dreffing of a horffe is no {mall tieaties toretaine him in
infound and perfe& health: andxherfore he muft often betouched with the cuiry-comb,
and afterward with a handfull of ftrawe, fo as the hand may follow the ftroke:tolay the
' haire fmooth : and their fafhion wasinold time to brufhouer their horfles with alittle
Io
fe
linnen inftrument made like afword; whereby they excuffe all duft from thebeaft : and
heerein it is wifedonie to beginne’at the head amd mane, and fo to defcende to other
parts, and to touch the horffes backe gently: he may wath the head and mane becaufe
it being fo bony itis daungerous leaft the combe offend and breéc the bealt; exceprit
be layed on very tenderly; butitisnot goodto waththe legges, becaufe daily wafhing
foftneth the hoofeby fliding downe ofthe Water, and therefore it isfufficient ónely to
ftroke them downe with hishands.- 5^ o>. LOR Oo ) =}
' 'Thereather part alfo of the belly isnottobe kept ouer clean.for the more it is Se ed
with water,the more is the horffe patnedtherein : when a horffe is dreffed itis goodto (Camerarius
bring hin outoftheftable, thatfoin the open ayre hee may be tyed in a longer halter,
and feeme to beatliberty, whereby he (hall be brought to more cleanneffe anid tra@able
gentleneffe ,ftanding vppon fonie fmooth ftones, till allthe duftand loofe haires both
by thecombe and brath be driuen away, and in the meane time the ftable be emptied,
andthis'isto be performed before'the horffes watering. You muft alfo regarde the skin
wherein the horffes yard runn&h be kept cleane for ifit be ftopped it hinderethvríne;and
makethithehorfle ficke;aod when your horffe is in dreffing, let him haue before ‘Him no
mannerofmeateitherofbayorprouender. ^0 50000 og te
Letthem beleddeto the Water twicea day, and wafhtherein both legges andbel-
ly, exceptin the Winter time, wherein it is not fafe to wet the beaft fo often : ahd ifthere
_ bein them any appearance officknefle and infirmity, or ifyou haue any purpofe to giue
"je vnto thet any kinde of medicine,» then. muft you altogether forbeare to’ Water
t >
40
se
them. ji
— 'Setnevfeto wafhtheir horfleslegges with warme wine-lees to refre(h their ioyntes
and finnewes after hard iournies, which cuftome feemeth very allowable: other vfe iri-
fteed thereof warme difh-water out of thekitchin, and the backes they wafh with colde
water and fale. ^ 2
- '"Nnderneath their tails and neare their yards, you fhal find them in the Summer time
to bemuchannoyed with flies, and therefore it 1$ a needefull part ofthe horflé-keepers
watch-fulnes to looke in thofe places and driue themaway, for fo his charge will take the
betterreft. na9$ yb "fr wo ritestr
^ "And'eüermorethere muft benourifheda mutuall.beneuolence betwixt the horffe
and horffe-keeper,fo as the beaft may delight in theprefence and perfon of his attendant;
and forthis caufe he may bekeptfrom hunger, wet litter, cold in the winter, and flies in
the Summers and furthermore a dilligent caution muft be had,that the beaftbe not pro-
uoked thorough ouermuchfeverity for ifthe horffe by his keepers violence be often dri-
uento his rackeand maunger toauoid ftripes, either he hurteth his fhoulders or legges
by his owne weight or force, orelfe eroweth intoa trembliag at the prefence of a man,
and fo neuer yeeldeth any louing obedience;or els falethinto fome furious and vnreclai-
mable euill qualities. bi
The mafter therfore ought often to enter into his ftable,and takea view of his horffes
vfage, whereby the beaft wil quickly take notice of him,efpecially if he hauebut one,for
itisa greatfollieand peece of ill husbandry totruft Seruantes and notto ouer-see them.
Cate was wontto fay : bist
Frons oteipitio prior:
Thatis, As the forehead isbeforethe nape of thenecke, nos thereby that nature
EC 3 hath
d
U egetius
kr T | UT
CN eS T
306
The furnitur
ofahorfe &
his triming.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed ‘Beafts.
hath fet him higheft and formoft, which fliould not hidehim felfe, but takehiis placevps |
pon himand difchargeit, for itis not (afe or any part of wifdome,to fce by another mans
cies, ot worke altogether by Depnties.: 500000 shoots iie es ys or oT noma
Men muftalíobeaffraid of lending theirhorfles, forthe Germans haue a pretty pro«
uerbe, that they will not truft their wiues at great feafts out of their fight, for commonly,
they learnefome euill fafhion or other more thenthey:had before, arid fo-much more
horfles (after lending) returne-homeagaine to theirmarfters withalteration of ftrength
anid qualityéoxst 51; wollol vera bue wi wei ok this brand Sek
-
Of adorning nd farmi hore tnm
Carinot approue them that cut off their horffes taileyor fore-
top; onc receiued beginning from an ignorant petfwafion
of increafing the firength ofthe Horflesbacke, and rlieother
fromanimmagined comelines, by triming it withribben or
fome deuifed knot, or that it hindred che horffes fight, Inthe
fitt, the beaftiswronged: and depriued of his hélpe. againíte
flies, and-decency of his hinder parts, and in the fecond na*
| ture acufed, for not adorning the horfles forhead: with more
Si 5 |, gawdy and variable coloured hairs, and prouiding á bunch of
haire to weaken his eyes: but neither of tiefe are tollerable, for a wife man once to ima-
gine, aad therefore I will not fpend.any more time:to confite: this: vaine adoring of
Horffes. ib | MAP ,
, Letthe horfle-keepertake heed that heharme not the beaft wheri he putteth: on: his
bridle, for alittle negligence quickly bringetha great offence, by touching; wringing,
and oppreffing any tender partimthe horfles head or: mouth. He muttalway-puton his
bridle on the left fide, and ifthe horffe of his owne accord donotopen.his mouthto the
bit, thenmufthe gently open his mouth wich one finger, andío putt vppon him; andif
Yo
20
by that meanes he opennothis mouth;then prefie or wting his lip‘vpon his great canine 3
tooth, which thing caufeth any horffe to open his mouth. imsdi
. Alfoitmuftbe regarded that the borffe in leading be not drawne after you; forfo will
he be made hard headed,vnwillingto follow : againe his cheekesmuft notbe pinched by
the bridle, leaft the skin grow fenceleffe, and alfo it mu(t not hange long or loofe in his
_mouth, for fo he will be alway biting his bit, and giue effe obedience to his Rider,
Camerarius writeth that he hath f&ene fóme put falt vpon theif bits, whereof the horfe
licking or tafting, became more willing to takeitinto his mouth: and for the better per-
formance heereof, it is neceffaty to obferue by often triall, whatkind or fathioned bitte
beft befeemeth and fitteth the horffes mouth,and finding it, keepe him thereunto conti-
nually : and when it is put on, neither wring his cheekes; ot let him rowle it betwixt his |
teeth. olor ara a ii agio | P3orli
The faddle alfo muftbefo faftned to his backe; as that it may not turne or rowlevpon
_ the fame ; wherefore hewhich layeth itthereupon; moft comeon theleft fide, and gent-
ly without violence or noife, fet it vpon the béaft :fo as neither girths, peytrilljftutrops,
trappings, or crupyard, fall betwixtthe backe ‘and faddle, neither couering therewith
the horffes wither, nor yet touching his‘hips orloynes. . it nwo sii vd
Firftofall letthe peytrill on the breaft be buckled, then the girths in order neere the
forelegs, not vpon the belly, for vpon the belly they wil be fliding off, and that is againft
the rules of riding ; for Bene equitant qui bene cingunt that istofay s they ridewell which
bind faft: and this ought to be done inan open place, where both the rider andthe horfe
"may haue more liberty : wherewithala generous ang great ftomacked beafte is much de-
I'ghted : neither mufthe be tyed or drawne too hard till the rider be feated. Lookealfo
oftento the girthes,thatthey wring notthe fides,or pul of the skin.
Of
Li
40
$9
- =
na
5
zs
tOfihe Hot fes quA ot 307 Ji
| Of riding and fitting on horfebacke. |
Hen youateto get vp and mount on horefcbacke, take hold on thelo-
wer part of che bridle neere the bit, with the leftehand, with fucha di- ,
| flanceasmay bothkeepehim from rifing, nor giue him offenceif you I
take aduantageto get into the faddle,and with the right hand take the i. RUNE
Lr (ns raines on the toppe ofthe fhoulders and the mane; and fo hold them as Dd
| Ao you giué no checketothé Horfes mouth in mounting : there are other n 1
|. gules forthis among riders, wherewithall I willnoc meddle, onely: itis good to vie your
| horffetobacking;bothfadled andbare, afwel frorti the plaine ground,as from blocks and
| rifingssinuented for the eafeiof man. ^ TN hri ih
| Therefore before you goc to Horffcbacke, firft flroke your Horffe and make much of i
|. him withgentlewords, or other ¢onuenient found which the. Horffe. vnderftatideth, and iil
|^. fowillheftand morewillingly ul you be on his:backe : forthis thing;tliereisin Plutarch
| an excellent ftory of Alexander the great, when Bucephalus was firft:of ali prefented to his
| fatherKing Phillip, bya Ti haffalian (called phillenix':) Forwhen the King was perfwadedto
| gofoithintothefieldetotry the qualities of thisheaft,which was fo highly comended for
ge rare partes, and valued atfucha price, asnone but a King might yealde for him: thenthe
| Horffebegannetofnort, and kickejand toadmitno man to come vnto him within the
length ofthe rains, butkept aloftlikea wild ándvntamed Horfle; yealdingno obedience | h
to voice ar other fignes of the riders:whereatthe King fel exceeding angry;and bid chem 8
lead away the vnruly and vntàmed Horfe + Alexander being prefent, complained ofthe
eee see ee ad
ignoranceand fearefulneffe of the riders, and'that they were the caufe why fucha gene- | |
rousand gallant beaft was no better manned. Atthe heating wherof, King Phillip {miled, ai
and yet {fo carried him felfe as though he had not heard the words ofhis Sonne, vntill4- ee!
lexander repeated hisfaying the fecondtime;whereunto his fatherreplyed, what (fir Boy) WE TEC ane
| will you make your felfe more skilfullthenthefe'old cunning riders ? will you layonthem HEREIN: |
tl o 2n imputation of feareand ignorance? yes (faid Alexanileryl will aduentureto handlethis |
Horfle better then any other: yea but ( faide Phsllip) what punifhment then wiltthou vn- , a
dergoe if chou faile and performe not what thou haft faid? What punifhment ( faid Alex | | |
ander ) why Iwill gine them the price ofthe Horffe; VVhereat the King laughed and ftrok pun |
the Wager, and fo had Alexander the raines ofthe Hoiffe deliuered to him, who pre- NUM
fently turned him about againftthe Sun-rifing, that fohe might notbecterrified with the
. fhaddow of the beholdets, and fo led him vp aiid downe foftly two or three tunes and at / i
lat wanthe Horffeto hand, whichhe gently ftroked and applauded : and when he had got» i se :
ten perfe intelligence and vnderftanding of the Horffes ftomacke, he caft off his cloake, i B |
| ‘andaddrefled himfelfe to mount onhis backe;foholding the raines and beating his hand i ' "Wn i
| | ^ andwholebody ashe did not checke or pinchthe Horffes mouth: fo he inclined him firft 1 VPE E
| $? ofaltolay away hisftirred andangry minde, and afterward. paced him toand fro gently NG ae |
which the Horffeindured: Aclaft he put Spurs vnto him, and made him runne, leap, car- vane |
tier, and curuet,to the terroratthe frfto£allthebeholders; & afterward'to their fingular Ce ]
admiration and praife of himfelfe : which caufed the company or trainetoapplaudethis - } Hr Kg
|
| i
| faét, and forced the old man his father; tofend forthteares for ioy :and when Alexander f POR |
| defended from his Horffe, hee could not containe himfelfe, but ‘he muftneedes goc kiffe i y |
and embrace fucha Sonne; whereby it is manifeft, that when a man isto ride ona gene- 4 ii
| "rousfpirited Horffe;he (halbendhim to endurethe burthenby gentleneffe and familiari- noon |
| ty; foas the beaft may ftill know and loue bis rider. : is) jon t E ii
Li Likewife whenthe maiftermounteth, it isrequifit that the feruant be onthe other fide j
| © ofthehorffeto hold the ftitrop, for fo fhall he get vp more furely and fet himfelfemor hu
| ofüy. » erii Mt gil "muss zt Hu |
| diem Horffes aretaught to bend their kneesto takevp their aged and fick Maifte rs,that Yenophom, - 1 ; RDUM | |
| — fothey may betheleffe offended in afceading to their backs;and this cuftom(faith Pollax) VEM Wu
| did firft ofalbegin among the Perfians. mar. Ux
Im. The nun Ww
| | !
i n
1 DM
308 Fhe Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The ancient Germans were fo fingularly exercifed in Horfmanthip, that ftanding vpon
the groundand holding.a Speare or launce in their handes, theymmounted withoutother |
flirrop or vantage vppon their Horffes backs ; and not onely whenthey were ordinarily
attired in common garments,butthenalfo,when they were armed (tho Zul/s Ca/ar take
from themallglory ofchiualryy yet nowadaies the inuention of Saddles with firrops; is
mofteafie both for Horffc and Horffeman, being then better the Pelethrowian invention |
time. a T aia (not mir i vec 9
When the Rider is inhis Saddle, and is welt feated he muft not fit as in a Chaire or cha-
riot, bended together, butrather keepe his body vpright, onely iras. outwardly his '
knees, for fo (hal he be better able to defendhimfelfe;or offend his aduer ary; for he: muft 10
rather feemeto ftand chen to fit ón horfebacke. ek 10
~ The Rider or maiflerof Horffes muft{pare his Horffe inthe heate of Summer; (about
Rallis ae daies) and inthe colde of Winter, and neuer atiany time to ride paftthe twylight
ofthe euening. The Horffe being empty, is moreprone to make water then being full,
and therefore mnft not be hinderedin that defire: and alway after his ftaling,-ride him’
not too faft, vntil hisnerues which were extended to ler forththe vrine be contracted, fet-
led and drawnetogetheragaine. 2 4352329 302 Na nol ii
Ifin the winter time a horfle be to paffe ouera foord of water(whichwilafcend vpiaboue
eAbfirtus belly lec him ftale firft ofal, leaft he fallinto the ftrangury,andalfo be à little eafed of
is loade. [30158 Wisi Snel e ud i | LXE DULY
Thereis no beaftthat cvy orein celerity and fwiftneffe thena horfe, becaufe fo
fooneas he isturned out of band, heinftantly runnethaway fpeedily;and doth walkefoft-
ly as at other times sand thisis a pleafüre tothemyexcept whenthey are prouokedaboue
i their defires: and the counfebof. Xenophon when youare to ride fattorfora wager, isthiss -
bend thevpper part of thebodyforward; {tretching outthe hand that carrieth the raines;
now drawing it in, andthen letting itat length againe ;andtherefore it is good in fuch cas
des to vfe fhort raines;and if the Horffe in his courfe ftretch forth the’ raines ofhis owne
accorde;thenis ita figne of an vnskilfull Rider; or ofaweake and tireable horffe; ..
''Addenot Spurs but in greacneceffity;but guide and prouoke him with voice and riding
rod, for quick and good: metled Horflesjare by the Spur made fierce; and gentle natu-
. red beaftes made fluggards like Affes, which by often beating feem to neglect and difpife
Reipessist) vrsmiinuqacaVV sbicl fied ood zsdw zog smiolisg buselite 5o:
Youth alfo fhorten and lengthen your iourníes ándtimes ofridings foas they may
neither be certaineto the beaft, nior yet ouer long; and {pecially after alongiourney,take
-afhérter if you ride vponthe fame horfle. erin ; valine
‘Firft ofall let him be vfed to plaincand equal waies,and if hebe to leape or goe vppea
hill, itwasaprecept oftheold Gracians, that thenthe Rider muft lay the raines in his
' necke. uricfi i )
If the Horffe atany timebe either more fierce or fluggifh then ordinary, he may be
holp by thefe meanes. Wildeneffe and fiercenefle of Horffes »is like toanger and ragein 40
men 5 and therefore occafions of offence in word and deede muftbeauoided: therefore
-afloone asthe Rider is vpon his backe, let him refi alittle before he fet forward, and then
alfo let the horffe moue buthis own pace ! for as men are offended with fudden violence
and imperious geftures;foalfoare horffes : but ifthe horffe being ftirredto his race, bee
more forward and whotthen ordinary; he mut be gently reftrained by thebridle; and it
‘is better to qualifie their ragein longarid: fpacious dire@ iournies then in often wind-
dings and turnings. d )3Magm zi
7; Butifany manbefofiripleas to thinke that by length of; iourney ot race, his horfle
wil be more meeke, becaufe he may betyred, hee deceiueth himfelfe,foras rage inman
inuenteth hurtful reuenge; and tutneth into. malice by continuance, foalfo in horffes it $9
procureth a headlong ruine (ifit be not preüénted) both to horffeand rider:andthere- —
fore if your horffe be ofa generous fpirit, neuer prouoke himtoferocity,forastheyare — |
wilde and fierce, fo arethey wicked andharmefull. |
It is alfo better to víc light and gentle bridles thea heauy and fharpe, except
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| Jos Ofebe Horffes 5 cox ! 309 Mi
thierider can by hisart fo frame the fharpe,asthe gentle bitte: and alfothe rider muft fo li
frame hinfelfein his art of ryding, that in-the-commotion of his Horfle, hee ‘may not tit
touch any memberor part ofhim, but onely his backe whereupon he fitteth: | ^ - HI
-:Hemuftalfo learne his different termes to inciteand ftir vp his Horflero run forward; hit
which the Grzcians call (clogmos) or elfeto reftraine him and keepe him ‘itr which they hi
|. - call (Poppy/mus) theone clofeth the lippes;andthe othertouchethithepalat: ^ :^* um |
| ' . Ifthe Horffe be fearefull ofany thing, youmutt fhew the thing to him plainly, that fo ea
| bycuftomhe may learne not to be skittifh,and let him fmell thereunto, till he]earre not I UM
to be afraid, butif men beatethem, they do but feare them more; for while they are fo ill i
| 10 handled, they fufpe&tthatthe things wherof they are afraid are thé caufe oftheit ftripes:
| Ialikefort when they go on the onefide, or turne back againe, it is good to vfethe fpurs; |
| — becaufethey eacreafe their terror and peruerfenelfe ; and tbereforeas peaceable encou- Ul
| ragement and friendly perfwafionis thebeftmeanes to perfwade a man in hisfeare; the |
like courfe muft be taken witha Horffe, that fo he may goe ftraight on without doubt or
trembling ; and leameénotto account any thing horrible to his Hire 902€ OW DIBJOTOT |. vipfiit] A |
-uNNhena Horffe is fo tyred and wearied in his iourney thata man would iudge him i P
|
!
vrfitforany labour, take off his Saddle and burthen, and put him into fome ftable or
greenefielde, where he may tumble and rowle over and. ouer, and he fhall eafily recouet:
| —— Inancient time;ifhorffes wereto be trauailed through fnow, they madethem bootes of
| 20 fackclothto weareiutheirioürney. ^ ^ SU OPIBUS
| | j
| ning ora the difpofition.of borffes | i
| ingenetall. - | | ji )
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| Ju Xn
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| Attallat caput, Cj vulgi fe venditet aura, i m |
- Cel[aue cum e[o decoratur tergaleone zi WAT OD . " M"
| « Quam tumidus, quantog, venit [pectabilis adtun bauchesat 2200 25310 he r4
| Compefatque folum, generofoconcita pulfus — ined igila Í M
Vnaula Jub fpolys grauiter redemitis opimis. hos > Som EB % !
| And Pliny affitmeth that whenthey arc ioyned together in chariots,they vnderftand theyr i i
| encouragements of glory and comendation: and therefor’ thereis not any beafte of fo i pot |
| high a ftomach as a horffc. | osi 'oquequsi» , vaslianormo t5 it
| Of the natural difpofitian of bor]fes. | a V tM
Hey louewet places and baths, for which eaufe they are called Philolutra; theyal- tm M
| foloue müficke as hath'beene already declared, andthe whole hoaft or Army * li | | |
1 JM: 2 "M [1i D « H 4 ; ; re . | LET.
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30
AHiftory,
Soleus
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
chesybarites,taughttheir. Horffes to-daunceat the found ofaPipe:and celiws wiitetlhi: |
heereofin this manner; So great (faith he) was theriot and wantonuelfe ofthe:Sybarizs,,.
thatat their common feaftes they brought in horfles co daunce before men ; which thing:
being knowne by the Crotoniate, they offered them- VVarre and agreed vppon the fight:
whereupon, in the day of battell, the Croreniats brought with them: diuers Pipers and
- Minftrils, who vppon afigne giuento them, foundedtheir inftruments, whereupon the
Sibaritan horfles came running & dancing among their aduerfaries;and fo betraiedthém
{elues andtheir riders to the enemy. | iridis sd t icis vec: od mong xd
|». The like ftory is reported by Asheneus, of the people ( called Cardsani) for they alfo.
taught their Horffes to daunce vpon their hinder Legges,.and to worke many ftratíinge re
feates with their forefeete, atthe hearing of certaine meafures played vpon Pipesy» |, ;
_ The Befaleans waged Warre againft the Cardians,and they had to their Captainea
certaine man (called Onaris) who when hee was a Boy:was fold to Cardia ,and there hee
ferued witha Barber : In therime of hisferuice he oftentimes | pee thatthe Oracle had
foretold, how the Cardians (hould be onercome b y the Bé/altqns, and thetefore he to pre-
uentthe worftranne away from his maifter, and camehome fafe to Bi/alta his owne ceun-
try, and was by his countrey men created Captatae.ofall their warlike forces: he vnder-
itanding what trickes the Cardéans taught their Horffesin dancing, brought outof Cardia
certaine Pipes, and taught diuers Bi/s/tams to found and play the meafures vpon them,
whichthe Cardianstaught their Horffes : whereupon when as they ioyned battell with the 20
Cardian Horffes (for all the force ofthe Cardians lay in their Horfes) he commanded his
piping Béifaltans to foundetheir muficke, which the Horffes vnderftood, who prefently
ftood vp vpon their hinder legges, and would not fight any more or goeany further, fo as
they were ouerthrowne by their aduerfaries.
They hauealíoa fingular pleafure in publikefpe&acles ; andtherefore haue beene ob-
feruedtobeprouokednot only by pipes or fuch inftrumentall muficke, but alfo by fongs
or vocallharmony, by variety of colours,and by burning Torches: Diomallo VVritecd
that hefawa Horffe taught to knowand to do reuerenceto à king.
And Texter affirmeth that he fawa Horffeat pars atthe triumphs, tilt, and Turna-
ments made forthe marríage of Lewes thetwelueth to Mary,a Lady of Brittaine, which zo 5
being commaunded by his Ryder to falute the Queene, prefently did bend both his
knees vntoher, andthen rofeagafne running away asfaft as abirdcould ye. —
Homer (cemethalfo to affirme that thereare in Horffes diuine qualityes,vnderftanding
things to come, for being tyed to their mangers they mournd for the death of Patreclus,
and alfo fore-fhewed .denilles what fhould happen vnto him : for which caufe Pliny faiech
of them, that they lament theirloft maifters with teares, and foreknow batailes Virgil
writerhthus of thehorfleof Peas: Poff bellatrix equus,pofitisinfienibus Acthon ~~
Lachrymans quifque humectat erandibusora, — ~> zl
Actuy fins affirmeth ,that c far three daies before he died found hisambling Nag weeping
in the ftable,which was a token of his enfewing death, which thing I (hould not beleeue, 49
except Tranquillus inthe life of Cafar, had related the f: amething , and he addeth moreo-
uer, that the Horfles which were confecrated to Mars for paffing ouer Rabricon, being let
to run wilde abroad without their maifters,becaufe no man might meddle with the horfes
of the Gods, were found to weepe aboundantly and to abftaine fromall meat. Whereof
their could beno caufe giuen but the loueoftheir former maifters. It is alfo reported of
Rodatus,a captain to Charls the great; whoafterthe death ofthe Emp.was made a Monk,
his horfe would neuer fuffer any tocome onhis back except his maiftet; who likewife had
abftained from riding manysyeares : But it happened that certaine Pagans;brakein vpon
the {aid monaftery , whereupon poore Redatas went vnto his horfe,whoafter many. years
difcontinuance, willingly tooke vp his aged maifter vpon his back,and fo caried him vntil 39. |
hetriumphed ouer his aduerfaries, and no maruaile for dogs and horfes are moft louing |
to men, ifthey bebrought vp carefully, and liberally, they recompence the goodturnes |
oftheir benefa&ors. Itis obferued in the nature of horfes that they feldome hurt aman or
child, exceprin their madnes,yer are there malitious horfes,as well as men. It is reported
by Pliny and Tzetzes, that whena foale hath loft his dam;the refidue of the Mares which
giuc fuck, bring it vp,and thatthey are feldom found at variance ;except the barren mares
pullaway the foalesfromthenaturalldams, — j For
| Of the Forffe. 311 . l
For there isio creature fo louing to their young ones, asare Mares, neither any fo defi- |
|' tous of young :for which caufe,when they are barren. themfelues, they labour to fteale
| them away from others, : e n ;
| - They which were wontto runne tafes would performe it vpon Mares newly deliuered Arifere, P
| of Foals, they tyed vp the Foalsat home, and led the Mares tothe begining of the race, WE
| making the endthereofatthe Foales (table; and fo putting the Beaft forward, (herun- :
| neth homewardes more {peedily forthe remembrance ofher Foale. | irn
|. o» a (Of the feare of Forffes and their panier | i M. hi :
, In nature.
5 Orffesare afraid of Elephants in battaile, andlikewife ofa Canty M
» mell, for which caufe when, Cyrm fought againft Cra/usshe ouer- i i
y) lew his Horfleby the fight of Camels, for a Horffe cannot a- ii
S 35 bidetolooke vpon a Camell. Ifa Horffe tread in thefoot-path of al
Pay... IG) 2 Wolfe; heprefently falleth to be aftonifhed ; Likewife, if two or Wi
n rip «o more drawing a charriot, come into the place where a Wolfe hath Eh
«XN BAD ON. 5 troad, they ftandfo füill.asif che Charrietand they werefrozento
26 theearth, faych Aelzemiis and Pliny. Aefculaptus alfoaffirmeth thefame thing of a Horffe,
treaditig ina Bearesfootfteps;and affigneth the reafon to be in fome fecret, betwixt the i
feete'of bothbeaftes; ^^ ^ l'on i
We haue fhewed already, that ifa! Mare ftrikea Wolfe, or treade in the foorfteppes
| thereof, fhe prefe eddy cafteth her Foale; and therefore the Egyptians, when they figni-
fie a VVóman fuffering abortement, picture a Mare kicking a Wolfe. The Dextanian ART
| Horffes being not gelded, dare fight with Lyons, but bemg gelded,likeal other Horffes, Oppiaew EM 5
| theyarefo afraid of Lions, thatnoítripes, nor Spurs, is able to bring them in their pre- qn
|. fence, the Caropion Horfles excepted. PTT : us
| 'Alkind of Swine are enemies to Horfes, the Eftridgealfoisfo feared of aHorfe;thar — |
| 3o the Horlfe dares not appeare in his prefence. Thelike difference alfo,is betwixt a Horffe C^" dar,
xiciesucicbi i Dre cfi
andaBeare. There is a bird which is called Anclorus which neyethlikea Horffe, flying a- Bus ON
| bout;the Horfle doth many times driueit away, but becaufeit is fomewhat blind, and i et j
| cannotfee perfe&ly, therfore the horffe doth oftentimes ketch it,and deuoure it, hating | [ Ero H
| — hisowhevoice ina creature fo vnlike himfelfe: 4 j nup "
| Itisreported by Ari/fotle,thatthe Buftardlouetha Horffe exceedingly, for {eeing other 1 | m"
|
| Beaftes feeding in the paftures, difpifethandabhorreth. them, but as fooneaas euer it fee
| — etháHorffe,it £lyeth vato him forioy, although the Horffe runaway from it: and there- "etn i ad
|^ foretheEgyptians, when they feca weake man: driuing awaya fltonger, they pi&urea hir 1
- Buftard flying to ahorffe. Horffes are alfo taughtto leape; ifa man take hina by the raius; i Md in
| 49 and go ouer the ditch before him; holding him faft,and pullinghimtohim. Butifhebe — l ud
| '* vnwilling,thenlet another come behinde him and ftrike him with a Whip; or witha rod; | p D
|. fowill'heleapeouer without delay; andthus when you haue vied him to leape empty, like- BP | !
wife accuftome him loaded. Firft ouer fmaller and then ouer greater hedges. But at the Mu Pid
beginning let him leape in fofte ground, and being wel pradtized in harder,and when he | r4
beginneth toleape, let the Rider put Spurres vnto him, forfowill he performe his leape
with mote fafety to himfelfe and the rider; and by cuftome hee may leape; and runne as n
wel downethe hil as vp hil; and thereforethe Per/ians, and Nodrifians v{eand accuftome |
- their Horffes to run both down hil, and vp hil. LO |
ThefeEpethits following, dofetneand exprefie the nature of Horfles: ful of ftomach,
o generous, magnanimious, ftrong, ardent, fharpe, couetous fierce, bolde, threatening;
terrible, foaming ; fuch were the Horffes of Arcauania, Argofe,My/ene, Aris, Elis Epid.
Spaine, Thefalt, Farfalis, of whichcountry was Butephalus,che Horffe of Alexander. Balla-
faa prouince addicted to Mabemet hath many of thefeexcellent,great, and {wift horffes, t |
whofe hoofesarefo hatd, that they needeno yron Shooes, although they trauaile ouer mo a
Focks and reuntainés? i00 r3 26) besar eris DOR t some pis etn | TU uo
The CURE |
a era QR
—
>
oe
o —À
m A * * Ss ee:
or
Sa i a ee i;
SEES thie one
v
— —
eS
— EE qr af eL E gee
cé caa secu Fie ES SS
ne MES *
*
PST
312
Textors
vpall pafture, butalfo caufe Horffesto fall into the ftrangury 5 for which caufe they doe
- many valiant aéts, andthrough his own improuidence, fellinto an ambuth of hisfoes, 39 ©
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
The Arabians alfo haue fuch horfes, and inthe kingdom of senega, theyhauenobreed — | 3
of Horffes at all, by reafon ofthe heateoftheir Countrey,whichdoth notonely burne — | 3
buy Horffes very deare, vfing in ftead of hay, the ftalkes of Peafe dryedandcut afunder, ||
and Millet feede, in ftead of Oates, wherewithall they grow exceeding fat, and the loue of
that people, is fo great to Horffes, that they give: for a Horffe furnifhed,nine bond- |
flaues, or if it pleafe them well, fourteen ; but when they haue bought their Horfles,they — |
fend for Witches, and obferue therein this ceremony. |
They make a burning fire with: flickes, putting therein certaine fuming Herbes, after- te |
wardes they take the Horffe by the bridle, and fec him ouer this fmoking fire,annointing ||
him with a very thinne oyntment, muttering fecretly certaine charmes, and afterwardes
hanging other charmes abouttheir Necke in ared skinne;fhutthem vp clofe for fifteene
daies together : then did they bring them forth, affirming that by this meanes, they are
made more valiant, and couragious in war. ite" |
The loue and knowledge 73 Horffes to men.
Nadto this difcourfeof Horffes belongeththeir nature, ei-
ther oflouing or killing men. Of the. nature of Alexanders 29
Horffe before fpoken off.called Busephalus, is fufficiendly —
faid, except thismay be added, that folongas he was naked
and without furniture, he would fuffer any manto come on
his backe; but afterwardes being fadled and furniflied, hee
could endure none but Alexander his maifter: For ifany o-
ther had offered to come neare him, for to ride him, he firft
of all terrified him with his neighing voice, and afterwardes
| troad him vnder foot ifhe rannot away. WWhen Alexander,
was in the Indian Wartes,andryding vpon this Horffe ina certaine batraile, performed
fró which he had neuer bin deliuered aliue, but for the puifancy ofhis Horffe,who feeing
his maiftet befet with fo many enemies, receiued the Dartes into.his owne body; and fo
with violence preffed through the middeft of his enemies, hauing loft much bloode, and
received many woundes, ready to die for paine, not once ftaied his courfe tillhee had |
brought his maifter the King {afe out ofthe battell,and fethim on the ground; whichbe-
ing performed in the fame place hee gaue vppethe ghoaftand dyed, (as it were com-
forting himfelfe with this feruice ) that by his owne death hee had faued the lifeoffucha
Kine : for which caufe, after Alexander had gotten vigtory, inthat very place where his
Horffe died, he built a citty and called it Bucephalon. *
Ttisalfo reported that when Lis the Empereur would haue had his Horffesto teare 40
in pieces his Daughter, becaufe fhewasa Chriftian, he himfelfe was by one ofthembit- “> |
tento death. Neocles the Sonne of Theseiflecles perifhed by thebiting ofa Horffe : neither
heerein onely is the nature of Horffes terrible, becaufe alfo they hauebeentaughtto teare
men in pieces: for it is {aid that Bufris and Diomedes did feede their Horffes with mans
flefh, and therefore Herculestooke the like reuenge ef Diomedes, for hee gaue himto his
Horffes tobe eaten : of Diemedes were thefe veríes made , ? Tue
Vt qui terribiles pro evamen habentibus herbis
Impius bumano vifcerepanit equos. Lena eia
The like alfo is reported of Glaucus (thefon of Sy/fpbas) who fed Horffes with mans flefh _
at Pornia a city of Beotia,and afterward when be could make no more prouifionfor them, 9°
they deuouredtheir maifter : whereof Virgil writeththuss — |
Et mentem venus ipfa dedit quotempore Glauci, |
| Potniades malis mambra abfumpfere quadriga. |
But this is thoughta fi&ion, to expreffe them which by feeding and keeping of Horfles,
confume their wealthand fubftance : and thus much for the natural inclination of Ben :
i
Of the Horffe 0 UC
- Of feuerall Kindes of Horffes.
m
caer Herebe feuerallkinds of horffes which requirea particu-
(er
Coos
1o [3
Y
lar tractate by themfelues, and firfte ofall the naartiall or
great warlicke horffe, which for profit the poet coupleth
1 with theepe :
NM E (eMe | — Lenifiere pecudes c equorum bellica proles.
The parts of this horffe are already defcribed in the Stalli-
/| on, the refidue may be fupplied out of Xenophon and Oppi-
anus, He muftbe ofa fingular courageand docibility with
3 ie | out maime, feare, or other füch iaofirmity.
xo; wÉ^ | Hemufbbeabletorunvp and down the fteepeft hils,to
]eap,and bite, and fight fh battail but with the dire@ion of hisrider: for by thefeis both |
the ftrength of his body and mind difcouered; and aboue al, fucha one as will neuer re-
fufetolabor,thoughthe day be {pent : whereforethe rider muft firft look to the inftituti-
on and firft infttu&ion of his horffe, for knowledge in martiall affaires is not naturall in
menor horffes,and therefore except information and prat&tife adornenature, it cannot
20 be,but either by feare or heady ftubbornes, they will ouerchrowthemfelues and their ri-
ders.Firft ofall they muftnot be geldings, becaufe they are fearefull, bucthey muftbee
{uch as wil retoyce and gather ftomacke atthe voice of muficke, ortrumpets, andat the
ringing of armour: they muftnot beafraid of other horfles, andrefufeno combate, but
beable tolea
mouth.
pehighand far, and ruth into the battell, fighting (as is faid) with heclesand
The principal things which he rnuf learne are thefe: firftto hauea lofty and flexible
necke, andallo to be free, notneeding the fpur 5 for ifhe be fluggith and need often agi- Aerie)
tation too and fro by thehand of the rider, or els ifhe be full of ftomacke and fullen, fo as
he will do nothing but by flattery and faire {peeches, he much troubleth the mind ofthe
go rider : butifhe run into thebattell with the fame outward afpe&t of body, as he doth vn-
toa flocke or company of Mares with lowde voice, high necke, willing minde, and great
force, fo fhall he be bothterrible to looke vppon, and valiantly puiffant in his combate.
Wherefore the rider muft fo cary his hand, as thereynes may drawin the horfles necke,
and not fo eafily, asina common trauelling gelding, but rather fharply to his greeuance
alittle, by which he wil be taught as it were by fignesandtokensto fight, ftand ttill,or run
away.
The inftitu-
The manner of his inftitution may bee this: after the dreffing and furnifhing of yout tion ofa war
horfie as aforefaid, andlikewife the backing, firft ofal mone, ftir, or walk your horffe gent ogra tg?
lie; vntil he be wel acquainted with the cariage of your hand and whole body, andafter-
ward accuftome himto greater and {peedier paceor exercife, vfe him alfoto run longer
races, andalfo by drawing in your hand to ftay orftop fuddenly : for thereare horffes fo
inftructed thatthey can flay themfelues in their fpeedieft courfevpon an inftant, without
any circumambulation, fhaking off the violence of their courfe, likean ordinary trotting
nag,by mounting vp alittle with their forefeet. .
Andalway it isto be remembred that after the mounting on horffe-backe, you muft firft
ofal begin on theleft hand, bending your hand that waie,andalfo co the right hand when
youwould haue your horffeto turne on that fide, Andaboue all other thingshorfles are
delighted with crooked, bending and round courfes, fuchasare in circles and Rings,and
he muftbeaccuftomed to ranfrom other horffes, leaning them behind him, and likewife
e turning toward them and making atthem with his face to them: but headlong and preci-
Acnhaiie pe
tifhed by rafh
pitate courfes, fuch as hunters make without guiding body,hand or horffe,are euerriore nes in riding,
tobe avoided, for manie men haue petifhed from their horffes, as the Poets witneffe of
Nipheus Lencagus, Liver Clopius Remulus, Amycus.And alfo among the Hiftoriographers.
Agenor, Fulco of lerufalem, philly fon of Ludonicus Graffasking of France, and Belakirig
Of Pannonia. -
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The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
DE Horlfé-men, and the orders of (Cbiualry
and Knight-hood.
He principal horfle.men of the world celebratedin ftories,
The honour
ofhorife-
maníhip.
for training, ruling and guiding their horffes according to
the art of warre,may for the dignity of Knight-hood (wher
withall they are honoured) and from whom that Equeftrial
pontinus thatthe Romaine Equeftrial order, was ia the mid-
dle betwixt the Senatours andthe common people, forat
the firft there was no difference betwixt Equites and Indices,
for both of them had for a badge, cognifaunce, or note of
Sie NSt gt. SSS eae SS
by the
Mets
N
qo corda ned dede ode SAGE tn
Ted an orders.
VCI. rae
their honour ,powerto weare a ring of gold,and in the con-
fulthip of Marcus Cicero the title was turnedto Equeftriall or name ofa knight or manat
Armes, by that meanes reconciling himfelfe to the Senate, and affirming that he was de-
riued from thatorder, and from that time came the Equeffer ordo,being as is faid before
the people, and recorded after the people,becaufe of the latter creation thereof: yet had
they not their beginning at this time, but oacly now they firftecame into the orders of 29
the common-wealth ; for they were called (Celeres) vnder Romulus, of one Celer, who at
the command of Romulus flew Remus and he was made the chief iudge of three hundred,
They were afte rward called Flexumines, cyther becaufe they fwayedthe minds ofthem
whom they iudged, or elfe which is more probable, becaufe of martiallingandin firu&-
ine their horffes for war: afterward becaufe they tooke a great company of horffe-men,
Fefhuts without all aide of footmen,atthe citty Trefalum in Thufcia,they were called Trof/ulaz,
and Trofuli,and yet {ome ignorant perfons honored with the title of Trea inremem-
brance of that vi&tory, were afhamed thereof as vnworthy their dignities.
They were forbidden to weare purple like as were the Senators, and their golden Ring
was abadge both ofpeaceand war. The maifter of the horfie among the Romains called 39
Grexcians Hipparchus, and by the Latines Magi/fer Equitum was a degree of honor
next tothe Dicfator, and Marcius the Dictator made the firlt maifter of horfle-men, who
Swidas, was called Spsrius, and fet bim in place nextto himfelfe.Thefe Equeftrial men or knights
uM of (tate were wontto be publicans at the [caft, and it was ordained that no man fhould be
any called into that order, except both he, his father, and grand-father, were free men, and
B were worth in value, twenty thoufand pounds wo» and Tiberius made this law, but after
wardit grew remiffe and not obíerued, whereby bothbond menand Scribes were rewar-
ded with this dignity from the Emper our, for Orations and pleafing fpceches : yet were
the Decurialliudges chofen out of this rank »forindeed by primary and inftitutien,they
vere the lowerand feminary ofthe Roman geatry.Pliny complaineth that this dignity 40 |
which was wont to bea reward for military men, who had aduentured their liuesforthe 5.
honor of their country wasnow beftowed corruptly and for mony vpon meane bribing
4 . perfons.It fhould feeme they had every one ahorffe of honor giuen to him for hisnote,
| _. for ifone of them had grown fat and vnweeldy not able to manage and gouern this horf,
d itwas taken from him And Catetookaway the horfe from Scipio Afatieus)becaufe'hehad
E i intercepted mony ,& from hence cam the terms of their allowance,as Equiffra 455for that
P mony which was paid fora horfeto onekni. & pararium as,for a doublefeeto an Equeft-
. rial man.Among the Athenians the higheft order was of them which were cald Pemtacofia-
1 ^ CTheAtheni- 17577, whichhad plowd fo much landas had fowdan C.buthels of corn,&thenext de-
gree were their Equites, knights or horffemen,becaufe for the defence of their citty they 59
were able euery one tonorith a horffe of war. There wer of thefe in ancient time but 6.C.
: werea / :
EE and afterward they were increafed vnto 1200, and the facrifices which wer madefortheyr
iu Ariftephanes pomps and triumphs,were called Hgpades: and they had liberty to norith their long haic
i 1 Calius which was forbidden to other men, and their taxto the facrifice was at the leaft halteata-
Wi ends. Jent, (which is atthe leaft 300, crowns) and this facrifice was made for the health of their
j : à |] horffes;
| ; ,
ia
SS
orderis deriued, be recited in this place. It is manifeft by St 1o
-
————
- "—
"m
"E
3 À—Á
=<
|- Wf the Hoffe. 9 n
D,
| ! i
| ] |
| hotffes: there were two maifters created ouer thefe, to wage and otder war, and ten in- n
| feriorgouetnoursor wardensto look to theprouifion and nori(hing of borfles. Amon.
the Lacedemoniaosrhey had foure gouernments.The monarchy for the kings, the 4vz-
flecrátyfor che old menthe Olygarchie fox their Epbori ox commiffioners; the Democra tye PH
fortheir young meg; with gotierned; managed, and inftru&ed hotffes. Ne/for chat ancis "
entknight was com mended for this skill, and had therefore giuen himthe title of Hip- hr
etes. po. e p RM AR Rcs $e
Among the Chalcidenjians there wasnota rich man but they took him into this order and
| oc thecrerians likewife did euerhighly account hereof, and made it their higheft degree of
| 10 honor, for euenthe Romans didfometimes gouern whole prouinces with no other then
thefe,and Egipt had this in peculiar;that no orber order,no,nota Senator might be pre-
fident or gouern among them FheAchéanshad this degre in higheftimat, like asthe Ger
| mans their Batasi or ftates. The Citizens of Gepva were and are difguifedwith a perpetu- qj |
| — ity ofthis honour, becaufe in the Latines war, they didnot revolt from tlie Romans and i"
| amongallotherthe Gaditan wer mofthonored herewith; for atone timeand for one bat ay
|. telthey created 400. Thistitleshhath {pred andadornd it felfe with many more degrees ,as i |
thatamong the French Caballary.and Equitesaurati, and fuchasareknights of lerufalem i d m UNA
| anddiuersother,fomefor religion;and fomefor feats ofarmes :whereas the Perfians v- ie i
| fedacertainkind of garment in warre, called Adanduas, from hence commieth the knights (NIS
| 20 Vper garment to be called a mantel, for al the Perfians were horffemen.-The nobleft hor- |
fes and füch as coulde run moft{peedily.and fiwiftly were ioyned together in chariots for i
races, courfes; fpectacles, gamesjand combats, for great values and prizes.
| su Nempe velucrem i
| Sielaudamus equum s facili cuiplurima palma li
| Feruet, > exultat vauco vittoria eireoe | qxo suu baA l4
Andagaine Ovid faith : ^. Sn C teo | TEL
Non ego nobiluins venio [pecfator equorum : ji |
And Horace: — Nec temobilium fugiat certamemequorum | 5 Vos il :
| Primus in certamine. i j ML.
30 Thetewasone Anniceris a Cyrenian moft skilful in this pra&ife;and according to the vain
humors ofmen, was notalitde proud hecrof, and for his loueto Plato would needs in the,
Academy thew him and his fchollers: his skill; andtherefore ioyning his horffes and.cha- i |
riottogither,mademany courfes with fuch an euen and delineat proportion that his hor-
fesand wheeles neuer wandered a hait bredth from the circle or placelimitec, but alway.
keptthefame road and footíteps, whercat euery one marueiled : but Platoréproued the woh
dubble diligence andvaine pra&ife of the man, faying to himin this manner :Itcannot li
be;thata man which hath trauelled and laboured fo much in an art or skil ofno worthor ; an
| vfe inthe common wealth, that euer he can addict his mindto graue, ferious, and profi Dr
table bufineffe, for while he applyeth all his parts and powers of body and foule tothis,he ME
| go istheleffe ableand more vnaptto thofe thinges which are alone more worthy ofadmi- VEA
|" ration. : * TIT
| — The aricient cuftóme wasto víeother mens horffes inthis combate, and thereforein the
funeral of Patroclws; Homer bringeth in Menelaus fing the horffe of Agamemnon. There ' » i
were foure feuerall places wherein thefe games of horffes and chariots were wont to bee ii ee d
| obféruedand kept, and they were called after thefe places, Olympia, Pythia, Nemea, and í "NN
ithmia, andofall thefe the Olympiads werc the cheefe whereofall toriesare full, for they "Nl j|
|, werecclebrated in Olympus euery fifte yeare in clufiuelie, thatis, after the end of euery ‘ j if |
| fourth yeare. | | p | To |
| The writers of Chronicles do agree that the games of Olympus were firftinftituted by | | "n cu ra
$9 Hercules in the 27 52. yeate ofthe world, beginning the worlde from Noahs flood, and n :
| they beginne to recordand number the firft Olympiad to be about the 3185. yeare ofthe Md |
| — world,about feuenteene yeare before the building of Rome. tH Iu
Therewere of thefe Olympiads 328. and the laft of chefe by computation or account i mnn |
| — fellabove the yeare of our Lotd 534. after the birth of Iefus Chrift, the bleffed Sauior of Tot aa a
| | theworld. | | A d s yi 1a
| " E e2 The ]
Him x
—
—
M E ramp ee
=
-
as
B.
"
316
wt?
Pliny.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
- "Theperfe&ionofthefe games began the twenty fiue Olympiad, at what time Pagondas
the Theban was pronounced vi&or : for then were {wift horffzs brought into the games,
and were called (7eleioi) thatis perfec in agility and growth: andthefe are called by Pin-
darus (Monampycia,) afterwarde came in Synors withtwohorfles, and in fucceffionboth
Colts, Mares, and Mules : their courfes are thus expreffed by Pirgill, |
Ergo animos evumque notabis,
Et quis cuique dolor victo, qua gloria palms. |
Nonne vides * tm precipiti certamine campum — le |
Corripuere, runtque effu[um carcere currus z
Cum [pes arrect e inuemum : exultantiaque haurit
Corda panor pulfans, illi inflant verberetorte,
Et proni dant lora : volat vifernidus axis.
Iamque bumiles, iamque elati fublime videntur
"Aeraper vacuum ferri atque affurgere in auras,
Nee mora, necvequies : vt fulue nimbus arena
Tollitur : bume[eunt [punis,flatuque fequentum s
Tantus amer laudum tanta eft victoriacur a,
Sim ad bellamagis fiudium turmafque feroces |
Aut Alphearotis prelabi flumina Pife. 36
Et Iouis in luco currus agitare volantes ^N
Primus equi labor eft atimos atque arma videre |
Bellantum lituo[que pati trac ud, gementem
Ferre rotam c ftabulo frenos audere fonantes |
And Horace expreffeth it in this maner: |
Sunt quos curriculo paluorem Olympicuns
Collegife iuuat ,metaque farindis
Euitatavotis palmaque nobilis
Terrarum dominos euebat ad deos,
Women were wontto be excluded from thefe games, vntill Cymiféa the daughter of Ar- 38 |
chidamus king ofthe Spartans, firftof all other women nourifhedandtrained]horffesfor — 1
thefe currule and Charyot games, and when fhe brought her horffesto Olympus (he ob- |
taind the prize, therfore her horfes was confecrated to Jupiter Olympus and their figures
remained in braffe in his Temple. )
Itisalío faid chat Echeratesa Theffalian ouercame in the Olympian games witha Mare
great with foale: And it is alfo reported that Miltiades the fon of Cimon Stefagora (one of
the tenne captaines of Athens) ran away from Pé/ijfratwsthe Tyrante , and in thetime of
his abfence, he was twice victor at Olympus by foure Mares,the firft time he beftowed the
glory vpon his cozen German Miltiades, his mothers brothers fonne,and the fecond time |
betooke itto himfelfe, for which caufe hewasflaine by thefonsof Pi//ffratus, his Mares 42 | 3
werealfo buried ouer againft him, withan infcription that they had won four gamesinO- — |j
bympus fo chat it appeared, hee ranne diuers timesand neuer mifled vi&ory. At Athens |
they obferuedthefe couríes with horffes in honor of The/ews, and called the place of the
running, Hippadromus. ~ 3
The Latines call it Stadia and Curricalum, and it was appointed in fome plainevalley,
according to the prou erbe ; Equus tu planiciem, in the middeft whereof was a building
called (cirews) whereonthe beholders {tood to looke vpon the paftime,and there were al-
fo places to containethe horffes and Chariots, till they were turned outto run, (called '
Carteres) according to the verfes of silzus 1
Sie vbiprofiluit piceo de carcere preceps $?
i _ Ante fuos it victor Equus. And Horacealfo Jg
Vt cumcarceribus miffos rapit ungula currus
Jnflat equis auriga fuos vincentibus, illum
Preteritun temnen: extremos inter Enutom. ~ à
_ Andheereof camethe pouerbe CA carceribus ad caleemfignifieng, from the egit
ci
IN
Of the Horffe.
theraceto the latter end. Ewrithoniws inuented a chariot called Harma, and was the firfte
that euer rani Olympus with foure horfles in the fame, of whom Vérgdll writeth thus :
Primus Erichthonius carrus & quataior auf is
Iungere Equos rapidi[que injiftere victor, |
Andfrom hence came thetearme Quadrigafor a chariot with foure horffes. There was a
chariot in Athens drawne by oné horffe, and the gamesthereof were called Po/ezzyfferta,
Likewifeat Rome in the Confuall-feafts celebratedfor the honour of Neptune; they ran
with horffes both ioyndand fingle.
There werelikewife games at Rome, called Aequitia,and Equiria5 celebrated euery
1o yeare, the twelfth ofthe calenders of May wherein after the horffes they courfed Foxes
26
| 30
"-0
tyedtopeeces of wood fet on fire, this is called in Latine alfo, Tarmeamentum,and in Ita-
lian by scoppa, Hagiostra,and in French Formierim. There isalfo a playewith horfles for:
children cald Troya, firftinuented by .4/canims when he befieged Alba, & by himbroght
and taught to the Romaines, of which Virgil! {peaketh, faying : |
Incedunt pueri, pariterque ante oraparentum
- Frenatis lucent in equis,
Cornea bina ferunt prefixa baffiliaferra :
Pars leues humeropharetras. |
Tres equitum numero turmasteruique vagantur
Duéctores : pueri biffeni quenque fecuti.
Sianum clamare paratis
Aepytides longe dedit, infonuitque flagella,
Olli difcurrere pares, atque agminaternt
Diduétus foluere choris, vur[u[que vocati
Conuertere vias, infeftaque tela tulere.
Inde alios ineunt cur [us , aliofque recur [us
Aduer fis [patijs,alrermo[a orbibus orbes
Impediunt pueneque cient fimalacha fub armis.
Et nunc tergafuga nudant : nunc [picula vertunt
Infen/i:facta pariter nunc paceferuntur.
Hune morem cur [us atque hae certamina primus
Afcanius, longam muris cum eingeret Albam
Retulit, & prifeos docuit celebare Latinos.
Hine maxima perro
"Accepit Roma, e? patrium feruauit bonorem :
Treiaque nune pueri ,T| vojanum dicitur agmen.
of Herfie. he si Zz
Often Hof mars dris
T is reported of King Salomon , that he had forty thoufandfta-
bles of horffes, for chariots, and twelue thoufand for warre.
The Lybians when they wentto warre, did fight out of their
chariots, and therefore they werefaid vo fight vpon two hor-
fes. The Centaures werethe firftthat.euer taught men to fight
on horffe-back, and theRoman T*rzi4 confifted of twoand
thirty horffe-men, ithe Captaine whereof was: called Beesrio.
A
fand horffemen at onc time into the field, whichneither vfed
armor,nor braffe, nor yron, except only their daggers, anda rope of leather thonges,
wherewithall they entred the battaile and ioyning with their enemie, they, made certain,
ginnes or loopes thereupon, which they ca(t vpon the necks of horífes and men, and {6
with multitudes drew them vnto them, in which draughtthey itrangled them. ^
The Indians vfe the very elfe (amc 4rmour on horffe-backe that they do on foot,but
yetthey lead empty horffes and chariots toleape vp and down vpon sand to refrefh their
| Ec 3 fighting
317
The people of Nomades called Surgaty, broughteightthou- |... 7
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The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
fighting horffes and the number of their horffe-men wereat onetime, fourefcorethou- 3
fand. | ,
When Pharnushes the Arabian, was riding on horffe-backe, a Dogge fuddainely ran
betwixt his horffes legges, wherewithall the horfle being amazed, fuddainely leaped vp-
right, and cait off his Rider, who being brufed withthe fall, fell intoà confumption:
whereupon the Seruantes at the commaundement oftheir Maifter, brought the faide
horfeinto the place where he caft his Rider,and there cut off his legges aboue theknees.
There was alfo a fa(hion for horffes to fightin battailes without bridles: For Faluius Flac-
€i, when the Romaines ouerchrew the Celtiberians in Spaine, caufed them to pull off their
bridles from their horffes, that fo they might runne with all voilence, without reftraint 1e
of Ridersvpon their enemies; whereupon followed victory : for many timesit falleth out
that the horffe hath more courage then his Rider, wherefore a good horfe-man muft
haue skill to annoy his enemie, and defend himfelfe; and likewife, to make his horffeto
come offand on without feare or dread,according to neceffity.
There is aprouerbein Greeke, (Choris hippeis) thatis, (Seorfim equites) the horffemen
are affunder, whereof suidas giueth this reafon : when Datys inuaded the territory efthe
Athenians ranging and deftroying at his pleafure, no man daring to abide his forces,at
his depatture, the Zonians climed vp into trees,and fignified vntothe Athenians, thatthe
horfiemen had broken ranke and were affunder. Whereupon Milssades fct vpon the fca-
tered company, and obtained a noble victory. | 29
Of fighting in warre vpon Horffes.
He moft cruelland fearefullkind offight, is the arming of
horffes, which were called in auncient time Catafraé?i, and | |
Chbanary and Acatafracti, and Ferentary, fighting firt of — 3
all with {peare and afterwardes with {word and fhielde, ca- |
fting fometimesalfo Dartes at one another, and bearing |
/4| bowesto fhootarrowes, their horfles making reomefor 36 |},
4 || them, which way focuer they went : for with fharpe pikes
|| and other crooked-keene-cutting-inftruments, faftened to |
4 || their armour or Chariot-wheeles, inthe violence of their |
courfe, they wounded,killed,ouer-turned, or cut affunder |
whatfoever flefh came in their reach. |
The auncient horfle-men of the Romaines had no breft-plates, (as Polsbius affirmeth)
andtherefore they werenaked in their fore parts, prouiding for the daunger that was be-
hind them, and defending their breafts by their owne celerity :their (hieldes were made
of Oxe skinnes plighted and patted togither, being a little round in compaffe like the fa-
fhion ofa mans belly.
; : ,0
"There was alfo great vfe of fwift horffes in Warre, for the Romaine fouldiors caryed ; Pg
with them two horffes a peece, being taughtand exercifed like Indians, when they had
neede toflie,to leape vpon their empty horfie, forthe {paring of their other : and they
were therefore called Amppiphi, being aptto carry their maifters out of danger,and from
hence CAelianusfaith ) the Romainestooke the patterne of their Phalanx, (called Antifto-
mus) which they vied toterrifie the Barbarians, fetting theirhorfes ina doubblefront, fo
as they appeared headed both waies : and this was alfo the cuftome of of the Germaines,
when the number of their horffe-men wasnot equall, they mingled thefoot-men, with
Alexander, “their li ght horfes, who being experienced to runne fuddainely with the horfe-men, lea-
‘ped into the battaile, and furprized the enemies flying away :and the fame fafhion did 56
the Spaniards alfo vfe(Strabo faich, forthe ternfieng of their enemies, making the foot
‘gen to fallinto the battellamong the horfe-men.
* “Thofe which did fhoot Dartson horfebacke. were called Hippotoxotie,andtherefore | |
Arsftophanesin his difcourfe of byrds;calleth Hawkes by that name,for the refemblance
betwixtthem and horfes, bearing thefe Riders. The hawkes arc fo called in the fwiftne E of
L
$e
*
Of the Horff.
their courfe; & becaufe che talants ofthe Hauke are crooked like bowes. Avianus writeth
that the horfe-men of Alexander carried fpeares in their handes, fourteene cubits long 5
whereunto I cannot confent, for eight cubits is a common fize, as much as any Souldier
onhorfe-backe is able to vic.
In battaile there are wings of Horfe-men, which are fo called, becaufe like Wings they
couer and proteét the Army. And there were alfo Legionary Horfe-men, becaufethey
were ioyned tothe Legions of Souldiers, and the company of Elephants .Foot-men, and
Horffe-men which were wont togoe before the King, were called Agema. Acompany
of Horffes fetlike a Tower ina Quadrangular forme ina fielde was called (Pergus .) The
ro Atmout of Horffes on his front or fore-part,is called (Prometopidia) vpon the cares (Pare-
tia) vpon the checkes (Paria) vpon the breft (Proffernidia) vpon the fides (Parapleuridia)
vpon the loines (Parameridia,) vponthe Legges (Paracnemidia.) And the time of arming
a Horffe is knowne of euery Souldier.
Of Riding.
He Meades, Per[rans and Armenians, werethe firftthatin-
| vented the art of riding and fhooting, (as Strabe {aith,)
pau[anias cald Neptune Hippeos for no other caufe.but that
it was fuppofed he wasthe firft inuented the art of riding.
pollidarus afcribeth it to Bellerophon. Lyfras the Oratorfai-
eth that the Aamazonian NN omen werethe firftof all mor-
tall creatures that firft aduentured to backe Horfles. O-
thers afctibe it co the Cemtaures : But to leaue the inuenti-
)| on,and come to the Art. Damusin the life of Apollonius,
ws fetteth downe the fum of the Art of riding, which briefely
is this. To fit ftraight vpon his Horffe, torule him valiantly, toturne him with the bridle
which way foeuer he pleafeth, to beate him when hee is ftubborne, to auoyde Ditches,
| so Gulfes,and Whyrpooles when he rideth through Waters; going vp ahill, tolengthen
the raines, and to reftraine and drawthem in going down the hill ; now and then to ftroke
his haire,and not alwaies to vfe ftripes. |
Martial hathan excellent Epigrame vppon one Prifew a. rafh-headed-hunter, who nei-
ther feared Hedges, Hils, Dales, Ditches, Rockes, Riuers, nor other perils ; vfing a bridle
to his Horffe but none to his affe&ions, and therefore he telleth him, that he may fooner
breaka Hunters necke, then take away a Hates life : for ther are deceits in therocks,hils,
and plaine fieldes, to fhake the rider from horfebacke to the earth, Thus followeth the
Epigram. |
Parcius vtaris moneo rapiente vereda
m5. Prifce, nec in leopores tam violentus eas.
Sepe [atisfecit prada venator,C «eri
Desidit exenf]us nec rediturus equo.
Infidias c campus babet : nec fuffa, net agger ,
Nee frat faxa lieet, fallere plana [olemt.
Non deerunt qui tanta tibi [pectacula pr eflent :
Inuidiafatifed lewtore cadunt.
Si te delectant animo[a pericula, Thufcw
(Tutior eff virtus )infidiemur apris.
Quid te frenaiuziant temeraria ? Sapius illis
Price datum eft equitem rumpere, quam leporem.
The beftplace for riding , isa barren and plaine Country, Itis reported of Clandius, that
when he had roadea great way inthe Country vpon his enemies aad met no body, here-
turned backe 2gaine into his owne Campe,and blamed the fluggifhnefie of his enemies;
becaufe no oneof them was feene abroad.
Iris reported by Aristotle, that the further aman rideth, the more apt hee quis ; d
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The Fijflorie of Foure-footed Beafts. EON
weepe; and thereafonis, becaufe ofall the motions of thebody,viding is the wholfomeft,
both for the ftomach, and for the hippes ; for a man muftnot fir on horfebacke, as if hee
were carried in a coach; but ratherkeepe his backe-bone vpright.not onelyto betnoued
‘by his Horffe that beareth him, butalfo by himfelfe and therefore hee mutt fit clofeto
the Horffes hips, extending his Legges to the vttermoft, vfing not onely his eies tolooke
before him, but alfo lifting vp his neck to help his fight : for fo the foft pace of the Horfle
doth corroborate the fpiritaboue al other exercifes 5 likewife, the body and ftomack; al-
fo it purgeth the fenfes,and maketh them fbarp : yer fometimes by the violent courfe ofa
Horffe, the breaftofa manor fome other partabout the raines receiue damage,(as fome
haue obferued : ) yetisit not fo much to beafcribed to the motion of riding, asto the vn-
éafte pace, or ratherto the vneafie feat of the rider.
The seythians aboueall other Nations haue the loofeft and broadeft bodies ; andthe
reafon is, becaufe they wrap not their children in fwadling cloathes as other people,and
likewife becaufe they haueno regard vnto their fitting ypon horfeback,and laftly for their
continual floathand eafie:for the men vfe much to ride in Chariots, and Litters, before
they geton horfebacke, bueafter they are accuftomed thereunto they ridefo much, that
their hips and bones fal ful of ache, and they are alfo thereby made vnfit for generation,
becaufe in aiourney ofan hundred Miles they neuer light to eafethemfelues and their
beaftes.
Thefe men hereafter named ,were cxcellent riders & tamers of Horfles. Antomedon, fer-
uant of Achilles, Idaus {eruant to Paraimus; Met; (ews feruant to Turnus; Myrtilus feruant to
Ocnomans s Ceberes {eruant to Darius; Anniceris, fervant to Cyreneus s Pitus to Mefapus s
and Lau/us Siliustemembreth Cyrzus, Durius, Atlas and Iberus.
4L be infiruments of Riding appertaining toa
Horffe.
Good rider muft confider the hardneffe or foftneffe of his
Horffes mouth, that fo hee may temper his bit; fora ftiffe
necked horfle, isnot fo much tobe guided by rod and Spur,
as by bic, and bridle : wherefore it mu ftfometime be har d,&
fometimes gentle. The hard bits are called Lupati, becaufe
they are vnequal, and indented like to a wolues teeth, where-
And silius faith:
Quadrupedem flectit, non cedens virga lupatis.
There is alfo another inftrument made ef yron or Wood (called Pa/fomis) and englifhed
(Barnacles) which is to beput vpon the horffes Nofe,to reftraine his tenatious fury from
biting, and kicking, efpecially at füch timeas he isto be fhod or dreffed. The Indians wer
wontto vieno bridles, like the Grzcians and Celts, but only put vpon their horfes mouth
a piece of araw Oxe skin, faftened roundabout, containing in it certaine yron pricks flan-
ding tothe Horffeslips, putting a longa round trench through his mouth, to theedge
whereof they faften the raines, wherewithal they guide the beaft. "The Turkifh Horfles,
and Spanifh Iennets haue bits with open circlesin the middle, confifting of leather, or I- 5
ron,toreftraine the Horffes fury. The raines are (called Habena) becaufe they makethe
horffes, Habeles, that is, tra&táblejand rulable, to be turned, reftrained; or put forward,
at our pleacure, according to the fayiag of Cilius s
Ferratotalee, atque effufa, largus habena,
Cunctantem tmpellebat equum.
AndVirgill: — Ipfe ter adutta, circum caput egit habena Nci-
IT
30 |
30
49
o
ths 1S Of the Horffe. | S57 nh |
| Neither is thereany Horffe, fwift; or flow, noble, or vnnoble,that can be guided without i
| thefe , which muft be held continually in the hand ofthe rider, they mufl not be vnequal, LA
one longer then another; neither thicke, neither weake, nor brickle. j
| Therewasa certaiae Golden chaine (called 4mpix) wherewithallthe fore-tops of Hor- 3
| fes werewont to bee bound or tyed vp,and thereupon Homer calleth the Horffe of Mars, Hil
(Cryfampix) and from hence came that cuftome of womens frontlets, to be adorned with
| goldand pretious ftones. Thereare alfo other ornaments of Horfes called trappings,and |
| inLatine (Phalera) deriued from Phalon in Greeke, fignifying bright, becaufe they were mill
| wont to puta great deale of Gold and Siluer on them,(as Ziuzw faith ) which Horffes fo A
| vo: trapped, were prefents for great Princes : And there is akind of Achates tone, wherwith- WE
all the Indians do adorne their Horffetrappings »and it was apparent ia Homers time,that
| theyvfedlittle Bels, or founding pieces of Braffe to beefaftened to their horffes bridles | i ji
| andtrappinigs they hanged likewife Iewels, and pearles to the breaft of their Horfles, Jn
| which/irgillexpreffeth inthis manner: | i
Inftratros offro alipdes, pieti[ que tapet is
Aureapett ovibus, demiffe monilia pendent.
Toeti aura, fulum mandunt , [ub dentibus aurum. \ AM
A good horfe-man muftalfo haue a paring knife, wherewithall to purge and open his i08 a RA E
Horffes feet ; this iscalled by Ru/ius (Roffneta) and by others Scalprum. There isakind of iur um
1e Manicleforthepafternes of Horffes (called Namella .) Moreouera-good rider muftpro-
| uidehim ftirrops, (called sub/ellares and Staphe) which although it bee but anew deuife; 1
yetaretheyfo neceffary for euery Ryder, as without chemthey cannot long continue. l
They muft notbe made to ftraight for the foot, becaufe that then they doe not onley hin- i
der motion inthat part, and fo make it benummed and colde, but alfo giue occafion of
great hurt to the Ryder in cafe the Horffe fall, except he canfo temper himfelfe to put but ^i]
a very little part of his foote therein. j ' DA
Therearealfo Spursrequifit toa Rider (called Calearia) becaufe they are faftenedto hae er
theheele ofa man, wherewithall he pricketh his dull Horffe when he would haue him ha- b D LU
ften the iourney ;and the Greekes deriue it from Muops, fignifieng aprickingflye,from — - TES
imitation of which creature it may feeme they tooke this inuention: butthis muftbee re- ma
membred, that theyare prepared for the dulland fluggifh Horffe,and not for thefree a
and fulloflife ; for fuch a Horffe being pricked therwith,runneth forth rather with rage & "
difdaine then for loue ofthe iourney, and many times the torment thereof maketh him : il ERA
by kicking out of his heeles to caft off his rider. i b
Laftly jhe muft haue regard to his Saddle, whereon hee muft fit: for the Barbarians
did vfeto ride vpon bare Horffesbackes, but fince thattime, the wifer fort of horfe-men
| haue inuenteda feate for their owne fecurity. Martiall writeth heereofthus : ;
| Stragula fuccincti, venatur fume veredi, mn
| Nam folet 4 nudo, f Ure. eve ficus eque. l h à | a
| 49 ° 1 > (i ‘ iu n 3
1 — Of hunting Horffes. LOIN |
o
|
Y Vnting Horffes becaufe of their fwiftneffe, were wontto be called d la y
9 (Vertdt) according tothe faying : Sunt et veridi,cur[u pernices ; Al- hr AS
$) though they vfe this kind alfo for pofts, and performance of {pec- [ |
% dy iournies. The males are much better then the females,and ther-
forethey feldome vfeMares in hunting, becaufe they are not fo (M
o wellabletoleape, or endure the woodes, for which caufe Grativs | |
writethin this manner of them ;
Reflat equos finire motis ques arma Diane —— Mn
Admittant : nop amne meas genus audet in artes | n
Efl vitium ex animo : funt quos imbelliafallant : 1 mM
1
|
| Corpora : praueniens quandam eff incommoda virtus.
| Oppianus in his difcourfe of hunting horffes, (as wee haue faidalready) aduifeth to make
choife
322 T be Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
choifeofthem by thecolour;vnto whom Grativs confenteth faying: 0% 1902:
Venanti melius pugnantcolor, optima nigrt. <2 Di
s againft Lyons : and thus much for the hunting Horffes... |... 5056
Of courfers s T light running
| orfles.
-
ribrr
and couragious ;thereforethey did auoidethe VVolfe.
Fter the vf eof Wagons, and Chariots, which; men had in-
uentedfortheir eafe in trauel,& growing to b ce.weary ther-
of,by reafon of many difcommodities,they came alfo to the
vfe of tingle Horffes, which therefore they called courfers,
and now a daies a Horffe for Saddle, whereupon men per-
forme their iournies; and the Poets fay the iouenter heerof,
was Belerophon the Son of Neptune, to whom hisfathergaue
Pegafws the fying Horfle,which therfore they defcribe with
winges, and place fora ftarin heauen likean Angell,becaufe ,, |
ofhis incredible celerity:others attribute it to theinuention
Sefonchofis,aKk. of Egypt, fometo Or#s,when he waged war
againft his brother 7yphon ; For thefe liorfles,are no leffe profitable in war,then in peace,
although none vie them in thefe daies, but common Souldiers, yet in auncient timethe
_ greateft nobles rode vponthem. The Emperor probs had one of thefe Horfles, which
was nothing comely nor very highe, yet would he endure ordinary iournies to runa hun-
dred milea day, whereupon his maifter was wont: tofay merily that hee was better fora
fying, thena fighting Souldier. The Horfles of Spaine are of this kinde, which they call
_ lennets,ofGeuibus theyr knees,becaufewhen the rider is on their backs, he mutt hold his
knees clofe to the Saddle and fides, for his better eafe: Like vnto thefe are the Barbar
Horffes, whom they geld, to keepe them from the hardneffe ofthe Nerues,which hap
neth vnto them in their heateand trauell. There area kinde of Horffes called Lycofpactes.
and the reafon of this nameis,asfome fay 5 becaufe whenthey were Foales, they eícaped
theteeth of Wolues, being fet on by them : and therefore they runthe more fpeedily to
their dying day, for the woundsof Wolues makes a Horffe light-footed ; but this is noc
likely, for feare cannot put that into them which is not bredof nature, euen as we fay that
Viiffes by auoy ding Cirees cup, or Cyclops, was therfore made wife, but rather onthe con-
trary, becaufe he was wife,therefore hee didauoide Circes cup 5 fo likewife wee fay,that
thefe Horfles are not lighter of foot, nor fuller of courage,becaufethey were fet vpon by,
Wolues, and delivered by feare,but becaufe nature hath framed them, nimble, valiant, 40
They that are of blewifh colour; hauing variable {potted Legs (he faichy are fitteftto hunt
Harts :they that are ofa bright gray;to hunt Bears; and Leopards; they thatare bay, or
ofa readifhicolour,to hunt the Boars; they-thatare blacke, hauting glazen eyes; are good
"LQ, |
Y 30
Prt
Aelianus alo faith that thefe Horffes, had a wonderful] knowledge; and fagacity, to
difcerne betwixt Grecians and other nations; for when a Grecian came vntoth em,they
loued them,ftood ftil, and tooke meat at their hands, but ifa Barbarian; or ftranger came
vnto them, they difcerned them by theirnofe,as a dog doththe foot-fteps of a beaft, lif.
ting vp their voice, they ranne as faftaway from themasthey would from any rauening
beaft. Thefe loued not onely their familiars, but aboueall other things, to be neste, fine,
and cleanely in Chariots : For if atany time they came through water,drawing ofa Cha-
riot they tookea pridein clenfing themfelues from alldurte and filthineffe cleauing to
' their legs or face. And that whichis more ftrange, they were vnwilling m race, tobe flai- TN |
edortaken outtherof,as appeared by this ftory related by Feffus. There is faithhe inRom
a great gate called Ratumena, which tooke his name from the death ofa young man, an
Hetrarian,whoe perifhed there in a race of chariots,being conqueror.becanfe his horfes
would not ftay vntillthey cameinto the Capitoll, and fawthe framed earthen Chariots
whichwere placedin the porch of 1apizers Temple by the Romans, and were appointedto
: be fathi-
———
I
r2
Of the Horffe. - | ^ 23
fafhioned in earth by thehand of a cunning potter, the which being wroughtinearth,
and put into the furnace, they grew fo greatthat they could not bee taken out whole ; ac
the fightof thefe, the Horffes of Ratumena ftood ftil, but firftofal, their maifter was {lain
in the courfeby falling off. : ;
The horfles of Turtaria are fo incredibly fwift, that they will goe twentye Germaine
miles in one day. There wasa race of Horfles at Venice(called Lupifere) which were excee-
ding fwift, and the common fame is, that they came vpon this occafion. "There was a cet-
taiae merry fellow which would become furety for euery man, for which hee was com-
monly Iefted at in the whole Citty. Icfortuned on a cay, as he trauailedabroade in the
16 Woodes, that he met with certaine hunters that had takena Wolfe, they feeing him af-
ked him merrily if he would be furety forthe Wolfe, and make good all his damages that
he had done to their flocks, and Foales, who inftantly confeffed hee would vndertake for -
the Wolfe, ifthey would fet bim at liberty, the hunters tooke hisword, and gaue the
Wolfe his life, whereupon he departed without thankes to the hunters.
Afterward in remembrance of this good turne, he brought to the houfe of his furety
agreat company of Mares without marke or brand, which he receiued, and brandedthem
with the image ofa Wolfe, and they weretherfore called (Lupifere) from whom delcen-
ded that gallant race of fwift horffes among the Veneti: vppon thefe ride the poftes,carry-
ing the letters ofkings and Emperors to the appointed places, and thefeare faid to refufe
20 copulation with any other Horffesthat are not oftheirownekindand linage.
The Perfian horffesare alfo exceeding fwift, which indeede haue giuen name vnto all
others, The meffengers ofthe great Cam King of Tartaria, hauetheir poftes fo appoin-
ted at euery fiue and twenty miles end, of thefe running lighthorffes, that they ride vpon
them,two or threc hundred milesa day; Andzhe Pegafarian courfers of France, by the
like change ofhorffes,run from Lyons to Romein fiue or fixe daies. ! |
The Epethits of afwifte running corfer are thefe, winged or wing-bearing,Larke- ^
footed, breathing, fpeedy, light, ftirred, couetous of race, flying, fweating, not flow,
vi&orious, rafh, violent,and Pega/eaz. Virgill alfo defcribetha fwiftand fluggifh horffe
moft excellently in thefe verfes;fending one of them to the Ring, and victory of running,
wm
1| 30 without refpe& of Countrey or foode, they are to bepraifed for enriching his maifter,
and the other for his dulneffe to the mill, the verfes are thefefollowing, ^^ ^^
Nempe volucrem. IM iM
Sie laudamus equum, facili cui plurirsa palma
Feruet, e exultat vauco victoria cn eo.
Nobilis hic, quecunque venit ,degramine Cuius
Clara fuga ante alias, c primus n equore pulus 000 a wollok
Sed venale pecus Corithe,pofteritas C / (trom-ShofTlesog
Hirpini, fi vara iugo victoriafedit, ——. ! IOHw
Nil tibi maiorum ve[petfus , gratia nulla
Vmbrarum , dominos pretijs mutare iubemtur
Exiguis,tritoquetrahunt Epirbediavollo. © 707 fame
Segnipedes, dignique malam verfare Nepoté- 000007 prona
One ofthefefwiftlightborffes is notto be admitted to race or coutfevnril bebe páft three wy
yeare old, and then may he be fafely brought to the ring and put to the firecchitig of his
legsinacompofed or violent pace as PPA Ne Rare Da ee ok og ee
Carpere mox gyrum inisipiat gradibuque fonare. S 2LPBE
Compofitis, finuetque alterna voluminacrurum. iD: pales
Pliny affirmeth that if theteethof Wolues betyed to thefe horffes it wil make them neuer
to giue oucr in race, and whenthe Sarmatians were to takelong ioutnies, the day before
5° they gaue their horffes very little drinkeand no meatat al, and fo would they ride them an
hundred and fifty miles out right. P TORS wisnsH 165
The Arabians alfo in many regions vfe to ride vpon Mares, vpon whom they perform |
great iournies,and King Darius did alfo fight his battailes vpon Mares which had foaless artomanus,
for ifatany time their affaires went to wrack & they in danger,the Mares in temembrance
of their foales at home would carry them away more fpeedily thenany other horfle, rai
thus much for thelight or fwift horfles.
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224. The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
- Of the Gelding.
Hey haue vfed to lib their Horffes and take away their flones,and |
fuch anoneis caled in Latine Camterius or Cantherius whichis de- —
riued of Canterium becaufe they were feared with whotirons, or
.el{e from the fironger boughes or branches of Vines focalledbe- |
caufe they were pruned. In French Chewal Ogre, Cantier, Cheuren, 9)
and Soppa doth interpret the Spanith /anetto to be a Gelding. Itis
Me {aid of CateCen[oriu that he was carried and rode vpon a Gelding,
Grapaldus, ora{much as many Horffes by their feede and {tones are made very fierce, truculent,
(amerarinus
| Canraritz,—. Yfthey be gelded vnder their dams when they fucke, it is'rep Std by fome,that from
They vfeto geldthem in March in the beginning ofthe fpring, afterward being well
nouri(hed they are no leffe ftrong,able and couragious then other vnlibbed,alfo there is 36
a pretty prouerbe Caazherius in FofJa,a Gelding in a Ditch,which is then to be vfed,when
aman vndertaketh a bufines which he is not ableto manage,for a Horffe can do much in
Yun a plaine, but nothing at al in a Ditch. It is reported that Zubellius, Taurea,and C.Affellius,
fought a combate on Horfe-backe neare the Citty ( Capsa,) and when onehad prouoked
anothera good while in the plaine fieldes , Tasvea defcended intoa hollow way,tell ing his
fellow combatant, that except he came downe vnto him, it would bea fight of Horffes and
notofHorfe-men ; Whereunto A/eliius yealded and came downe intothe Ditch : at
whom bis aduerfary iefted,asking him if he did notknow thata Gelding cold do nothing
ina ditch, from whence camethe commion prouerbe aforefaid.
There is alfo another prouerbe (Aathenius in Porta.) A Gelding inthe gate,tofignifiea 49
aman whoafter he had vndertakenthe performance of fome great exploit,his hart faileth |
in the very enterance, for itis reported of one (Su/pecias Galba) who riding out ofthe Cit-
Fefus &yshis horfe tyred in the gate. | TO |
of Ehereis likewife another adagein Plautus which is this: Creze Jc mulier cantherino ritu
aftans fomniat. That is to fay, this Woman fleepes ftanding likea new dreffed Horffe,
and is applied againft them whichina kind of foouth icfture (hut their eies when they talke
or worke :and thus muchfor the Gelding.
nib " i: Of carriering Horffes for pompe or D riumpbe....
is iy blow ci Lice stg soe om bags d jo
3| He nature ofthefe Horffes istolift vp themfelues and rife before,ftanding
vpon their hinder’ Legges, which is not poffiblefor any to doe withouta
537l| generous and gallánt fpirit;andalfo nimble and {trong loinesto beare vp
3 the hinder Legges; for itis not as many fuppofe that this power of rifing
2:72]! before from the fofineffe of his Legges, but ratherfrom. his loines and
|
' an
-- eM : hi el
^ é : t 3 Ó 3 ; Z :
Of the Horffe. .
| hipsbetwixt his hinder Legs,for when hismouth is alittle checked with the bridle he pre-
featly bendeth his hinder pafterns and Andes, and fo lifteth vp his fore parts, thathis bel-
ly-arid yard doe appeare, and in doing heerofthe rider muftnor beare his hand hard, bue
giue himthebridle; that fo he may doeit willingly and with greater grace of the behold-
iersug wos fee 2 81 (ORR ED *
There are fome which teach Horffesto liftvp themfelues by knocking their pafternes
with arod, which the Horffevndetftandeth as wel ashe doth his race, whenheeis ftroke
onthe back by the rider. And in teaching ofa Horfe this feat, it muftbeobferued, that he
tiener haue reft vntil he have learned itjand thatat certain fignesand tokens, hebe taught
| 10 Ofhis owne accord tó performe ditiers and fündry ieftures : but ifafter long riding and Xeuphor.
| . feopiouslabor;hebeginto vnderftand his maifters pleafure;andrife twice or thrice toge-
ther; then you may giuehim theraines,nothing doubting bat tbathee vnderflandeth and
wil be obedient to the pleafureof the rider. Andin this land he is acountedthe beftcarec-
ring Horfe, which wil rife high & oftneft together ; neither isthete any quality fo comen-
dable ina Horfeas this, or that fo draweth and (as it were)fo imprifoneththe cies of old &
| young, andother beholders, for which caufe Marfhall Horffes forferuice of war, are to. ^
i
be inftru&ed herein ; And thus much for this Horfe.
Of load or Pack-horffes.
| Here they kecpHorffes in beards and flocks ,they haue fome which are
not fitforthe faddie;nor for the wars, andthereforearetobe employed
forthecarringof burthens;or to the cart;althogh(as Fe/fws faith) mules
were firft vfedforcarrying and draught 5 but for as much as all Nations
hauc not Mules,they are therfore inforcedto vf Horfles,and for this
| purpofethe Geldingsare muchbetter then the floned Horffes ; wher-
fore the countrymen of moft nations take Horffes, for this purpofe, after they be old,patt
breeding; or hauc fomeother blemifh ia winde or lim, wherby they are difabledto trauell
vndera nian:for fo greatis the greedines of our age,that horífesare not {pared fo long as
| 3° they be able toline; according to the common prouerbe CAffznis equis Mulis feria nulla)
Horffes, Mules,and Affzs, keepe no hollidaies : where the law of God concerning the Sa-
both isnot obferucd; for the nouri(hing of horffes doth counteruailethe charges. A-
monethefe may be remembred thofelittle Nags called Hinni & Ginmi poken of already
inthe difcorfe of A fles,wherof fom are generated betwixta Horfe and an Affeyand others i MA |
fal to be very little, through fome fickneffe which happeneth vnto them in their dams bel- PO T. *
ly :thefe are vfed with (horne manes according tothe faying of Propertius: buc mea deton-
Js aucta eft eynthia manuts . They are vied for pleafure,to carry the youngfonnes of noble
Wo
"m
VA
men and Gentle men. Therere alfo herffes called Equi funales becaufe intheir triumphs he |
| © they wereled witha halter next after the triumph. 7 i ch i —
| 49 nt ae p :
| | Of wilde Horffes, tbe S ea-horfe, and the Hart-borfe — nou
(called Hippellaphus.) | l ; MET
N the daies ofGerdianus there were brought to Rome forty i i
wilde Horffes, and inthe map of Gordzanus wood, there were É ^ |
pi&ured three hundred. They arecalled in Latine Equiferi, i di
and in Greck Hippagréi,they abound in Spain;& in the Alpes, Bun | |
and in the deferts of Acthiopia there are many ofthem, which | LOCUM
have twolong venomous teeth ftanding out of their mouth:
| they differ alo in their hoofes ftom other Horfes, for they are i | |
| clouen-footed like Harts, and chey haue along mane growing i M
| allalong their backetotheir taile : And ifatany ttme the inha- Oppiaaus Auer ||
| i | hey abftaine from he gE a
habitants take them by ginnes and other flights, they fall fo fullen thatt ney abftai hs
meateand drinke difdaining to be keptin any feruitudeor bondage, the Wilde H Yn ll nu
326
Albertus,
Ariftotle
TP
[NA rl Ern (
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
of India hauc but one horne: In the Alpes they are of anafh-colour, with a blacke lift
downe their backes.. The wilde horfles of Scythia, neare the Riuer Hypanis, are cleane
white. The wilde horfles of Syrialiuein flockes and heards togither, and in euery hearde
they haue one Captaine or Maifter ouer the refidue, and if it Fortune that any of the,
younger horffes leape vpon a Mare; this captaine-horffe runneth after hing,never giuing
ouer till he hath bit offhis ftones. . bu Áo
There are wilde horfles in Bru/bia which are like to other horffes in all parts, excepting
their backes, whichare fofoft and weake, that they cannot endure to be fat vppon, ney-
therarethey eafily tamed,andthe people ofthe country eat their Gefh : In Polonia there
isakindeof wilde horffe which hath horneslikea Hart, and therefore I take itto bee the
fame which is called Hypellaphus, whofe pi&ure 1s heere defcribed asit was taken heerein
England, by that learned Phyfitian Dec£er Cay.
The figureof Hi pevrapuys.
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| Of the Horffe.
| — buttheirneckesfofhortthatthey can neither drinke their drinkener eattheir meat vpon
| the ground, except they bend downevpon their knees. The males in this kind ‘doe onely
| beare hornes, and fuch as do not grow out ofthe Crownes of their head,bütasit were out
ofthe middle on either fide, itle aboue the eiesand fo bend to the fides: They arefharp
and full of bunches like Harts, no where fmooth but inthe tops of the {peers, and where
| the vaines run to carry nutriment to their whole length, whichis couered with a hairye
skin : they are not fo roughat the beginning ot at the firft proffes {pecially in the for- part
| asthey are in thefecond, for that onely is full of wrinckles; from the bottom to the middle
| they growe ftraight, but from thence they are a little recurued; they haue onely three
| zo fpeers or profies, the two lower turne awry, butthe vppermoft groweth vprightto hea-
uen, yetfometimes it fallech out (as thekeepers of the faide beaft afürmed) thateither b
| — ficknesorelfethrough want of food, thelett horn hath but two branches : Inlength they
| * areoneRoman footandahalfe, and one finger and a halfe in bredth, at theroote two Ro-
man palmes. The top ofone ofthe hornesis diftant from thetop ofthe otherthreeRo-
| * man feetand three fingers, and thelower fpeere of one horne is diftant from the lower of
| theother,two Roman feet meafured from the roots : in fubftance and collor they are like
to Harts hornes, they waiedrogether withthe-dry broken fpongy-bone of the forehead,
| fiue pouind anda halfe, and halfean-ounce. (I meane fixteene ounces to the pound:) they
| falloffeuery yeare in the month of Aprili like to Harts, andthey are not hollow. The
| be bredth of their fore-heads betwixt the hornes is two Roman palmes and halfe,the top of
the crown betwixt thehorns is hollowon the hinder parr,andin that fiecel lieth the brain
which difcendeth downe to the middie region of the eies.
Theyr teeth arelike Harts and inwardly in their cheekes they grow like furrowes bigger
then ina Horffe; the tooth rifing out fharp abouethethroat,asit fhould feeme that none
ofhis meate fhould fall thereinto ynbruifed. This beaft inhis young ageis of a moufe or
Affe colour ; but in his elderage itis more yellowifh, efpecially in the extreame partes of
his body :the haire {mooth but moftofallonhis legges, but vnder his belly,in the inner
art of his knee, thetop of his Neck, breaft, fhoulders,and back-bone not fo fmooth : Ia
| heigth it was about 22. handfuls andthree fingers, being much {wifter then any horfesthe
female beareth euery y eare asthe keeper faidin Norway two atatime, but in England it
brought forth butone. 4 MA, p^
The efn ofit is blacke,andthe fibere broad like an Oxes sbut being dreffed like harts
fleth andbaked inan Ouen,ittafted much {weeter. It eateth commonly graffe;but in eng-
land feldomeafter the fafhion of horffes, which forbeare hay when they may haue breads
* butleaues, rindes oftrees, bread and Oats, are moft acceptable vnto it. It reachethnatu-
rally thirty hand breadths high,but ifany thing be higher which it doth affe& : it ftandeth
vp vpon the hinder legs,and with the forelegs there imbrafeth or leaneth to thetree, and
» | - with his mouth biteth off his defire.
- It drinketh water andalfo Engli(h Ale in great plenty yet without drunkenneffe ; and
| 1. there were that gaué it wine, but if it drinke plentifully it became drunk. It is a moft plea-
! *? fantcreature being tamed , butbeing wilde is very fierce, andan enemy to maakind,per-
| fecuting men not only when he feeth them by the eie, but alfo by the fagacity of hisnofe
| ~ followingbyfootemore certainly then any horfe, for which caufe they whichkept them
| — nearethe high waies, did euery yeare cut offtheir hornes witha faw : It fetteth both vpon
horfe and foot-men ; trampling and treading them vnder foot whom he did ouermatch,
when hefmelleth a man before hee feeth him, hee vttereth a voice like the gruntling ofa
| Swine being without his female : it doth mot naturally affe&ta woman, thrufting out his
| enital (which is like a Harts)as if it difcernd fexes.In Norway, they cal itan Elke or Elend,
| buritisplaine they are deceiued in fo calling it, becaufe it hath not the legges ofan Elke,
_ which neuer bend, nor yet the hornes, as by conference may appeare. M uchleffe can I
| 9 beleeue ittobethe Zzppardizsbecaufe the female wanteth hornes, and the head is likea
Mules; butyet it may be that it is akind of Elke,for the hornes are not alwaies alike, orra-
| — therthe Elke is a kind of Horffe-hart, which Ariffotle calleth Arrocho/ins of Arracotosa re-
| eionof 4/[j4; and heerein Ileaue euery man to hisiudgment 5 referring the reader vnto
|
| the former difcourfes of aElke and the Tragelaphus, m
| Ff2 | m 3
| |
H
227
!
j
rt
TR
biu
hr
i
^ ul a
i
Deae s pn
iere, om
= = " ^ » — ix x. -
VETTER upto aita Ir Meg I MN ee rm E a
Lir" = ae = MERC TL oM
ney
8
The Fiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
OF THE SEAHORSE,
ES
rr rA
TELA rz rid
20
SF] He Sca-horffe, calledin Greeke Hippotomos,and in Latine
"€ M Fquus Fluuiatilis 5 Itis a moft vgly and filthy beaft, fo cal-
Il ledbecauféin his voiceand marie he refembleth a Horfie,
fone S| 077.25 | but in his head an Oxeora Calfes in the refidue of his bo-
€ Ge) MW BCG dy a Swine, for which caufe fome Greecians call him foni-
SS MX ATO & RO j| times a Sea-horffz, and fometimesa Sea-oxe, which thing
| hath moued many learned men in our time toaffitme,
thata Sea-horffe was neuer feene ;whereunto I would eafi-
ly fubfcribe (faith Bellonias) were it not thattheauncient
figures ofa Sea-horfle, altogether refembledthat which is
heere exprefied 5 And was iately to beefeeneat Conftantinople, from whom this picture
was taken. It liugth for the moft part in 2(//z« ,yer is it of a doubtful life,for it brings forth
and breedeth on theland, and by thepropottion ofthe Legges it feemeth rather to bee
made for going, then for fwimming : for in the night time it eaterh both Hay and frutes,
forragingiato corne ficldes and devouring whatfoener commeth in the way ; And there-
fore I thought it fit to beinferted into this ftory. As for the Sea-calfe, which commeth
fometimes to land onely to take fleepe, I. didnot indge it to belong to this dicourfe, be-
caufe it feedeth onely in the waters. | |
This picture was taken out the Colo Inthe Vatican at Rome, reprefenting the Ri-
uer Aylus, and eating ofa Crocadile: and thus I referue the farther difcourfe of this beaft
yntothe Hiftory of Fifhes, adding only thus much,thatit ought to be no wonder to con-
fider fuch monfters to come out of the Sea, which refemble horffes in their beads, feeing
therein are alfo creatures like vnte Grapesand fwords.
The Or/ean Indians do hunta beaftwith one horne, hauing the body ofa Horffe; and
the head ofa Hart, The Aerhizpians likewife hauea beaft, in thenecke like vnto aHorfle,
andthe feetand legslike vntoan Oxe. The Rhinocephalus hatha necke likea Horfle,and
alfo the other parts of his body, buticis faid tobreath out aire whichkillech men. Pan fami
aswriteth, that inthe Temple of Gabales thereis the picture of a Horffz, whichfrom his
breaft backwardsis likea whale. xamp/acenus writeth, that in the Scythian Ocean, ther are
Ilands wherein the people are called Hiippopodes, hauing thebodyes of men but the feete
of Horffes,andthe Lamya heereafter to be declared ; hath the feete of a Horfle, but in o«
ther things the members ofa Goat: and thus much for the feuerall kinds of Horffes; both
for them thatare propetly {o called,and alfo for any other which like baftards retaine
any refemblance of nature with this Noble and profitable kind of beaft. of
39 |
49
5°
— A ae
€ os
—— — — pm]!
— ——7
— — — —
anime
-—
Se — ae
eee EIS
Of the Horfe. | | 319
- pia a 77 he diet of. Horffes and their length
; od » offlife.
=) Auing thus difcourfed ofthe kinds of horffes, and their feueral accidents,
and vies, both fer War, and peace, pleafure, and neceffity 5 now likewife
itfolloweth, ‘that we fhould proceed to their dyet,and manner offeeding: *
WS wherein wee are firft ofall to confider, that the naturall'conftitution ofa
wel! Horfle, is whotand temperate. Whot, becaufe of his Leuity, and Veloci- Rufsins
ty, and length of life; temperate becaufe he is dofable, pleafant, and gentle towardes his® a
maiftet'andkeeper. Hetherefore that willkeepe Horfles,’ muft prouide for them aboun-’ ui
dance of meate, for all other cattell may be pinched without any great danger; only hor- uh
{es can endure no penury. (Varro faith)that in feéding of Horffes,we muft confider three
things’; firft of all what foode the country wherein wee liue doth yeald; fecondly when it:
muft be giuen: thirdly by whom, but {pecially the place of feeding Horflesis to be con-
Sanaa ie pat en gn
Be ern
| 10
TNT
| fidered;for although Goates can litte in the Motintaines, better then in the greene fields, T
| — yerHorffes liue better in the greene fieldes, then they can inthe Mountaines. For which i
| ' catife when we chufe pafture for horffes,we muft fee that it be fac;fuchas groweth in med- m
| 4e dowes;that in the winter time it may befunny,& in the fummer it may beopenaand cold,
| neither fofoft vnder foot, but that the Horffes hoofes may feele fome hardneffe;for hor- 3
| fes;Mules,and Affes, do loue wel greene graffe, and fruits, yet principally they grow fat prudiu, i
with drinking ; When they are in the ftables, lecthem hauedry hay. A Mare when {hee i
hath foaled giue herbarly, and generally atall times in the Winter feafon Bullimung,ora
mixture ofal kinds of graine is fit for them in the houfe, according to thefe verfes of Ne- |
etian s | bas i
| Inde vbi pubentes ealamos durauerit eftas Ls ] ME
Latfente[quevrens herbas ficcauerit omnem - — * snos ( ? ur
Menfibus humorem,culmifquearmarit, arifias f E an Ni
Ordea tum, palea(que leues, prebere memento ser d a
Puluere quin etiaw,puras fecernerefruges ds ,D9Ho7t 193 SLE Uf
Cura fit, atque toros, manibus, percurrere equorum FOO ALIA LY
Gaudeat vz plaufn, fonipes, letumque,velacet, -— —5- : EE UN
Corpus, cb altores rapiat per vicera fuecos, EO BOE AAS (2 UNA
Jd curent famuli, comitumque animofaiunentus. —— i ; 4
| 3°
We haue fhewed already, that they mufthaue ftraw; or litter tolievpon, and Pollax doth
fet downe thekinds of meates for Horffes,as Barly, Hay, or French wheat, rife, and hay; N 1 "
for hard and dry meatis fitteft for Horffes, becaufe it doth not fill them with wind but al BAM
/-. greenmeatis theleffe aproued, by reafon of inflamation. 'Three-leaud-egraffe is alfo good i Ti
49 forhorffes, efpecially ifthey be young, for chaffe, hay, gaffe, and Oats, aretheir natu-
raland pleafing foode : and although graffe be moift, yet in the young age ofa Horffe;he
delights in moiftmeates, for they ftretch out hisbelly and encreafe his groath;büt when CUL
he is elder, then oughthe to benourifhed with dryer foodesas chaffe, barly, Oates, and ER ULM
fuch things. For although chaffe, by reafon of their drynes make nota Horffe fat yet doe nt d
they preferue him in perfe ftrength,for al hard things which are defolud with difficulty, |
doretaine their force of nutriment longer, but fofter meats donotfo ; therefore the beft AUR
dict or habitude for Horffes istoretainethe meane betwixtfatneffe and leannes. For fat- il LA d
neffe miniftreth many humors to the nourifhment of fickneffe, and leanneffe diminifheth | 4
o natural ftrength, maketh the body deformed. In fome countries they giue their horfles i j
| 9? vine branches in the Autumne, to moue their bellies, and increafe their ftrength. — if UN
| The hearb Medica which aboundeth in Media, is-very noürifhableto Horffes,butthe , 47,5), (y e EM ly
firft ftalkesare refufed, faith Arifforle, the refidue being watered with ftincking Water sis Dicfsotides - i
moft commodious. In Italy they fat their horffes with Tripholey, in Calabriawith Swllayog — d
Arthritica and the Thrajianss neare che Riuer nn dem a greene Thiftle, - I. i
3 a ni M
Y o —
ma
ee
c pa
a
xe
Mm
SU RU E SOROS gE UL gu mes ee rut t e SS Se ees
SES
ee
ORE RES, m
ae
33°
Thetitieof
' theyrlife, \.
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Inthe fpring time giue your younger Horffes Bullimung for many daies together, for
that will not onely make them fat, but alfo purge theirbellies : for this purgation is moft
neceffary for Horffes, which iscalled foyling; and ought to continuetén daies together,
without any other meat, giuing them the eleventh day a little Barly, andfo forward to the
fourteeneth ;after which day, continue them in that diet ten daies longer, and then bring
them forth to exercife alittle, and when as they fweat, annoint them with Oyle;and.ifthe
weather bee colde, keepe afire in the fable: And you muft remember, when the Horfle
beginnethto purge, that he be kept from Barley and diinke, and giue him greene meat,
or Bullimumg , wherof that is beftthat groweth neare the Sea fide...)
1
But if the Horffe goe to foile in Aprill;after fiuc. daies. bring him forth, and wath him 10
all ouer with Water, then wiping his haire from all wet.and filth, andloofeHaires; ponte
vpon him Wine and Oyle, pzeffing it fímooth vppon his backe, downeto his skinne, folet
him be wipedall over againe and carried into the flable, tobe dieted with Ma/line, or Bul-
limung asbefore, except he be troubled with the Glaunders,and then he muft notfeed on
it inthe daye time, leaftthrough the heate of the Sunne, he fallinto.the Mange orinto
madnefle. .. ib: d 4 Gta sa
Itisalfo requifite that while we fcede our Horffes with green Corne, they be les blood
in thevaines of the breaft, andalío cuttein the roofe of their mouths, that fo thofe places
being emptied which were ftuffed with, corruption, the vacuety may bereplenifhedwith
better blood ;a Horfle thus dieted (hall not onely liue in more, health and free from fick- 26
neffe, but alfo be more fironge to vndergoe his labour. rs ONITR
With the blood that commeth out of him, mingled with Niter, Vineger, and Oyle,
you fhall anneint him allouer, iffo be he bee fubie&t to the Glaunders, or to the Mange,
and then kgepe him in the ftable fiue. daies together, fuffering no:curri-combe to come
vpon him, vntill the fixe day, feeding him in the meane time with greene Corne, or Bulli-
mung sand thenbring him forthagaine, wafhing him al over with water, and rubbing him
witha hard whifp, vntill the humor or moi(tures be wholy wiped off, and he fed as before
fourteene daies together.
If you pleafe not to keep him in the ftable, then inthefpring time, turne him outinfome
meddow, or greene pafture, and there let him feedat his owne pleafure ; for it hath binof- 36
ten proved, that fuch adyet hath recouered many ficke Horfles, |
It is reported of the Horote,and Gedru/y and ménof Free/eland the Macedonians and
Lydians, doe feede their Horffes withfithes : Likewifethe peonians which inhabit about
Prafius neare the Mountaine Orbelus, doc feede their Horfles andall cattell which they
yoake with fi(hes. adii | dia.
Concerning the drinke of Horffes we haue fpoken elfwhere, andtherefore we fhalnot
need to fay any thing of it eere, except that the drinking much, and the horfie thruftin
his head in deepe intothe troubled water, is an vnfalible.figne of his goodneffesandthe
cuftome offome is, for ro giue their horffes. mafhes made of water and corne fod toge-
ther, or elfe, Beare; Aleior Wine, by drinking whereof, they encreafetheir fpiritsand 40
ftomach. bi. Y. | git: ^
Albertus faith, chat fome to make their Horffes fat,take Snailes, and beate themin pie-
ces;fo putting them into their meates whereby they grow to a falfefatneffe, which is ea-
fily difolued.. By eating of blacke Hellibor, Oxen, Horffes and Swine;arekilled : and thus
muchfor thefoode of Horfle. PR stu"
.. Concerning thevoice of Horffes, the Latines call him, Hzzzituns, andthe Grecians,
Phruma,and Phrumatefia; but this is certaine that from their very foaling the females
havea fhrill and fharper voice then the males, which is fuller,and broader, vntill they be
two yeare old, andafter copulation their voice-encreafeth, fo continuing vnullthey bee
twenty yeare olde, after which time, it falleth, and decreafeth againe.
Thelength of a:Horfles life, (according to Ariffotle) is eighteen or twenty yeares,
and if they beewellitendedand regarded in their youth : Ithath beene found, that fome
have lived vnto fiue audtwenty, or thirty year old. The femalsliue longer thenthe males,
becaufe of their generation, for the immoderate luft of Horffes, fhortneth their daies,
Andit hathbeene found that a Mare hath liuedto forty, or fifty yeares, anda Horffeto
| £33 three
$9
Ofthe Hoffe.
| three and thirty : wherefore I do léaue the relation of Pliny and Atheneus, to be cenfured
ss j
EW |
| by the Reader, who affirme, that horffes in theit time, liued threefcore or Ícauenty M |
| ycares. » apio: 4s fessi MUI i}
| Albertus alfo affirmeth, that a Souldiourtold him fora certaine truth, that he knew a | i
horffe which lived ull he was three {core yeares olde, and at that age, didferuice in tlie l
| field. And Augu/t. :N1phusalfoaffirmeth, that the Riders of Ferdinand the firft, told him, bur
| there was ahorfle in their maifters {table of feuenty yeare old. The age ofa horfie may be i
| known by histeeth, and the Per/ian, Bohemian ,Epirian,& Sycilian horffes Jiuclonger then i
| the Spanifp or Nwmidian.Intheir years, the female neuer groweth after fiue,nor the male "i
| 1o after é.in height or length,foas the male are foner perfited inthe womb then the femals; i
| onthecontrary the females do fooner grow to their perfection after their foalling then n
| — themales. r "
| The males haue moreteeth then the females, andin each fex they which haue feweft M
|. teeth,liue not folong, and in their old age, their teeth grow white. Now theirageisdif- te,
| cerned by their teeth on this manner, the firft foure, thatistwoaboue, andtwo beneath, hi |
| — bechanged, after they be thirty yeare olde, anda yeare after the foure nextare changed ud
| - irilike manner, againe afteranother yeare, foure more are chaunged,fo that after foure VEI E
| yeare,andfixmonths,he loofeth no teeth, except the caniné, which commeth again in M m
|. thefiftand fixt yeares fo that afterwards theirage cannotbe diferned, becaufe in thefea- DAL.
| 4e uenth yeare, they areal filled; An other vnfained note of their age, is the hollowneffe 1 A
oftheirtemples, and their eye-lids beginning to wax gray, and their teeth hanging out i
of their mouths. They alfo haue litle blackes in themiddle of their teeth. Some trye the i
age oftheir horfles,as.a wife and learned man writeth, by confidering twelue teeth, fixe ji
aboue;and fix beneath.for the old horffes haue longer and thinner teeth, which are black: T RAN
atthetop, andthere are certaine broaches or wrinckles in their teeth, which being filled, Du
the marke is faid to be out oftheir mouth. UEM
Some try theage of their horffes by their checkes, for they pull vp the skin from the i i
bones, and if it will quickly fal backe againe iato his former place,they take it for an affu- ;
redtoken ofthe herffes youth: but if i£ it ftandeout and fal flowly downe, then onthe | |
3e contrary, they iudge the horffeto be old,and thus much for theage and dyet of horffes. ELTE
Of tbevfesof Horffe-flefh, Mares milke, and. : | | | | |
other parts.
There werecertaine people in Scythia, which were called
Hippophagi, becaufethey liued vpon horffe-fleth ; fuchalfo
p l
& s are ; ; | it TA
| werethe Sarmazians andthe Fazdals:likewife in Seythiathe D | i n
| leffe, neare Taurica Cher {onne(]us,the people donot onelie NIV |
eatthefleth of horffes, but alfo their milk,and make cheefe D ie
thereof. Athaeneus alfo affirmeth, thatthe manner ofthean-
cient Perfians was, vpon the feafts of their natiuities to roft Pa! ae
| an Oxe,an Affe, a Horffe, anda Cammell whole,and fo fet d L4
| them before their guefts. | IM |
| Inlike fort, they eat horfe-fiefh and Camels-flefh at Da- i m
| aa[cue , and in Polonia wilde horffes , efpeciallye that part, which groweth vnder the 3 ao
| mane.The Sarmatians make meat of Millet feed, and mingle it with Mares milk, or with DOM |
| bloodtaken out ofthe vaines oftheir legs, wherewithall they make puddings, and this is Mat:michou pa Um
| their chiefe food. So likewife doe the T’artarians , who hauing a horffe ficke, cut off his viz Past: venetus |
ceror wound, and fo kil him and eat his flefh. The Gothes alfo in the daiesof Virgil did "hut WM
| so drinkethe blood of horffes,as appeareth by thefe verfes : l EUN
| profuit inzen[os eit us auertere c inter ors ME !
Ima ferme pedis, falientem [anguine venam 114 1 HA
BifAlte quo more folent, acerque Gelonus : | 1 i
Cumfugit in Rbadapem, atque indeferta Getarum i a hb, |
Et lac coneretum cum fanguinepotat equino. The i .
“Fah oe Aha athe ee ary
SS ee ee ==: [— E
\ in
3
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beajts.
The poets doalfo faine , that Pelias ;the Sonne of Tiras and Neptune, was'educated
bya Mare, and Metabus broughtvp his Daughter Camillus with Mares: milke; becaufe
fhe was borne wilde, hee alfo bredde her among the bufhes, according to thefe verfess
— Hic natamindumis, interque horrentialufica
Armentalisequa, e lactefarino
Nutribat,tenerisimmulzensvbera labris. -
The Tartarians drinke/Mares milke, which they dreffelike white wine, and call it CPusais;
whereof Paulus Venetus rehearfeth thisftory. Theking of Tartar faith he, nourifhetha-
boue ten thoufand milke white horffes and Mares, and euery yeare, vppen the eight and
twenty day of Auguft,they obferue a folemn feaft,wherein the milk of thefe white mares
is dreffedand fet forth in comely veffels. |
Afterward theking taketh a bowle full thereof, and peureth it onthe ground rounde
about him, being fo taught by his Magitians to offer facrifice to the goddes of his coun-
try: For they perfwade him, thatthe gods licke vp that milkefpilt on the ground, and af-
terwards the king drinketh vp therefidew, and befides him no body that day, except it
beofthekingslignage;or ofthe country of Horiach(for the people of that country shave
liberty to taftthereofthat day, ) becaufe ofa battaile which once they obtained for the
great Cam. | ex sie
The property of this milke istoloofen the belly; and becaufeit is thinand hathinofat
in it, therefore it eafily difcendeth, and doeth not curdle inthe ftomacke,andit is fayde
that the Scythians can keep it twelue daies togither therwithal fatisfying their hunger,&
quenching their thirft, and thus much fhall fatisfie for the naturall difcourfes of horfles;
heereafter followeth the morrall. !
The morrall difcourfe of Horffes, concerning fictions,
pi&ures, and other deuifes.
Nd firft ofall the morrall dignity ofhorffes, chereisa cele-
ftriall conftellation called Azppos, according to thefe verfes
of Arratus thustranflated :
Huic Equus illeinbaon quatiens fulgore micanti
Summum contingit caput aluo flellaque tngens una.
The Latines call this ftarre Pegafus, andthey fay that hee is
thefonne of Neptune and Gorgon 5, Medufa with ftriking his
foot vpona Rock in Hel/icon a mountaine of B otia, opened
afountaine, whichafter bis name was called Hippoerene. O-
to Pratusthefonneof Abas the king ofthe Argives, Antiathe kinges wifefell in loue with
her ghueft, and making itknowne vnto him,promifed him halfehir husbands kingdome
if he woulde lie with her, but he likean honeft man abhorring fo foule afact, vtterly refu-
fedto accomplith the defireand di(honefty ofthe luftfull Queene; wherupon fhee being
affraid leaft he (hould difclofe it vntotheking, preuented him by her owne complaint,
enforming the king that he would haue rauifhed her : when the king heardthisaccufation
(becaufe he loued Belleraphon wel,) would not giue puni(hment himfelfe, but fenthim to
Schenobeas the father of Queen 4atia, that hein defence of his daughters chaftity might:
take reuenge vpon him, who prefently caft him to Chimera, which at that time depopu-
IQ
20
30
fated all the coaft of Hyeva : but Belleraphow by the helpe ofthe horffe Pega/us did botho- 5e
uercome and auoide the monfter, and being weaty of his life perceiuing that there was
no goodnor truth vpon the earth, determined to forfake the world and flyeto heauen:
who comming neare to Heauen, cafting downe his eiesto theearth, trembled to fee
how farre hee was diftant from it, and fo his heart fainting for feare, fell downe backe-
warde and perifhed, but his horfle kept on his flight to heauen, and was there
: called
thers tell the tale inthis fort, at what time Belleraphow came 40 :
>
|
|
|
|
placed among the frs by Iupite
Chiron the Centaure hada Daugh
Theas and afterward Hippe, becau
perfwaded by Aeolus (the fonn of Hell
wherupon fhe conceiued with child,an
from her father into the woods,
to him, but hee foll
whereupon fhee defired ofthe Goddes
| prayer was graunted, and fhee after her deliuery,
! vo mongftthefürs. |
^ Ochersfay that fheewas a prophete
Goddes, was therefore metamorphize
that becaufe (hee gaue ouer to worfhip
to the fitft ale of Bellerophon, who aftert
lor attempted to fly to heauen,
offhistider, who perithedin thefield, Alecus apo tefe alefe,
Of the Horffe. voti
t. Euripides telleth the tale otherwife, for hee faith chat:
ter nourt(hed in the mountaine Peligs which wis called.
fe of her exceeding hunting on horfft backe, {hee was
en, a Nephew of Iupiters; tolet him lie with her,
dwhen the time of her deliuerance cam, fhe fled
for fearetheloffe of her virginity íhould be knowne vn-
Daughters departure,
gafus was placed in heauen.
But to comenearerto the defcription ofthe p
fome others fay, that it isa beaft bred in Aethiopia, hauing the head
3e buthorned, and wings much greaterehe
vp into theaire like a bird, but onely ftretc
only prefence is terrible to all creatures,
butforthetruth heereof (although Pliny an
will Het downenothing for trueth and certainety,
horffe velueres, and Alipedes, fo the errour of that figure,
on to the framing of this newe Monfter pegafus, then anyc et
gory.
Likewife Iknoweno caufe why the poe
| Mare, and hiddehirfelfeinthe heards of Onctus,
4o lowed her to thofe fields, and perceiuing that heewas deceiued, turned himfelfe alfo
into a horffe, and fo hadto doe with her,
fellintoa very i
wathed her fel
reat fury,
ein the Riuer Z4doz,
for which caufe
fhebrought foorth Arion.
Andthe Arcadians alfo hada certain
brance of this rauifhment of Ceres, fitting ina
from all creatures, and whereunto they offer
skinne, fitting like a woman in all parts; with along gar
head ofa horffe with the pi&ures of many Dragons,
ing in one of her handsa Dolphin, and inthe othera Do
owed her tofee what was the caufe of his
ithat her father might notfee her in travaile, her
wasturned intoa mare, and placed a-
but Iupiter trobledhis horffe with a
nthe winges gf an Eagle;
ffe; andbecaufe the reuealed the counfels of the.
din that fhape in the place aforefaid. Othersfay,
Diana, fhe loft her firft prelence : but toreturne
he death of Chbimara, growing proud for his va-
fury and fo.he(hook
becaufe ofhis error: and Pe-
oetical horffe, Albertus Magnus and.
and feete ofa horffe,
which he not doth lift
heth them out when he runneth, whereby his
vnto whom heis enemy, but efpecially to men :
d fome others feemeto affirme as muchyyet
becaufe as the poets call euery fwifte
hath rather giuen occafi-
her reafonable Ali-
ts fhoulde faine, that Ceres was turned intoa
whereat Ceres wasgree
Neptune falling inloue with her, fol-
uoufly offended, and
fhee was called Erinnis : yet afterwardes fhee
By all which it is not eafie for euery man toknowe an
plenty effood fignified by Ceres, doth not
butalfo theimmoderate v
and that the Goddes of the Heathen wete
men.
Diana alfoamong th
Mares which 7/yffes had lo
Ryder, and they fay that Zippo
of Diana, and skill of Acfeulapins, by che vertu
yo vnto life againe: Whereupon Jupiter being
fe therof draweth men to 1
laying afide al her rage and fury,at the fulnes of time
e Denne, wherein they had a great remem-
Denne;wherein they fay (he hidde hir felfe
diuine worfhip.They pi&ure her ina colts
ment downe to her ancles; but the
and other fuch wilde beafts, hold-
ue.
d conceiue their meaning, that
only maintaine men,Fowls,Beafts,and Fifhes;
-
nordinate luft and concupifence,
more rather tobe accounted beaftesthen
e Arcadians was called Eurippa, for the finding out ofthofe
ft: which Vlyffes erected a ftatue
litus being tornein piecesby
e of certaine Hearb
for Neptune the greate
Horffes through the loue
es hee was reftored
fore’ vexed and angry with stint
or
33
gute Sh
"d
oe SE s
i
yt )
" t s
| eae
=
oe
334
Texter.
Heliodorus
(«lists
Gyraldns
Fefíus
A
The Hiflorie of. Foure-footed Beafts.
for fuch aninuention, deluding as itwere the fury ofthe Goddes, killed him withlight-
nings and thtufthim downeto hell, becaufe no wretched manwoulde feare death if fuch.
& oD
deuifcs mighttake placd :which fa& Margil defcribeth inthefeverfes:. . ;
sooo adt Trinia Hippolitum fecretis alma recondit hw y
Sedibus nymphe Aegeria nemoriqne relegat
eremo o dolus obi in filuis Italesignobilius auum t
E. qob - Exigerit ,verfoque vbi nomine virbiws effet mol
Vande etiam Tridiatemplo luci{qne f[aeratis,
Cornipedes arééntur equi quod litore currum
Et iuuenem Monftris pautdi effudere marinis.
i —
The Poetsalfo do attribute vato the night,blacke horfles,and vnto the day white.Hoer
faith) that the names ofthe day-horffesare Lampus & Phaethon, to the moon theyafctibe,
two horffes, one blacke and another white the reafon of thefe inuentions,for the day and
the nightis, to fignific their fpeedy courfe or reuolution by the fwiftnes of horffes, and
of the darkenes of the night by the blacke horffes, and thelight ofthe day by the white, |
and the Moonewhich for the moft part is hiddeand couered with earth, both encreafing
and decreafing, they had the fame reafonto fignifie her fhadowed part by ablack horfe,
and herbright part by a white one. |
Lm
Thelike fixtion they had of Hesate, whom Aufonias calleth Tergeminay becaufe thee is
defcribed with the heade of a Horffe, a Dogge, anda wilde Man, the horfle on the right
. hand, the Dogge onthe left hand,andthe wilde man inthe middle - whereby they decla-
red, howvulgar, iliiterate;and vnciuilized men, do participate in their conditions,thela-
bors andenuyof brutebeafts. — |
We may alforead inthe Annales of Tacitus, that in his time there was a Temple rai-
fedto Equefitriall fortune,thatis, for the honor of them which managed horffesto their
owne profit, and the good of their countrey, and that F#/uins the Przetor in Spaine, be-
caufe he obtained a victory again ft the Celsiberians, by the valiant diligence of his horffe-
men, was the firftthatbuilded that temple.Likewife, there was another temple in Bestia
for the fame caufe,de dicated vnto Hercules. |
The auncient Pagans call che Godde of Horfles £/ppena, as the Godde of Oxen Bs- ;
bona. It isalfo apparant, that many Nations vile to Sacrifice horffes, for at Salentiauma
' horffe was caft aliueinto thefyre and offered to Zapiter. Likewife the Lacedemonians facti-
fycedahorfetothe winds:at Rome alfo they facrificed a horfe to Mars,& thetof cam the
terme of Equus Ocfober , which was facrificed euery yeare in O&ober,in Campus Martius,
This horffe was often taken out ofa chariot,which was a Conqueror in race, & floodon
the right haud, affoneas he was killed fom onecaried his taile toa place called egia,and
for his headthere was accontinuall combate betwixt che inhabitants ofthe ftreetes(Subar-
7a) and (Saera via) which of them fhould poffeffe it : for the Suburans would haue faftened
it tothe wal of Regia, and the Sacrausens to the Towet.Mazillia. bad
The reafon why they facrifyced a horfe, fome haue conie&urd becauf e the Romans
were the off-fpring of the Troyans, and they being deceiued by a horffe, their pofterity
made that Sacrifice for punifhment of horffes : but it is more reafonable, that becaufe
they Sactificed a conquering horfle; they did it onely for the honour of Mars (the god
of vidtorie) or els becaufe they would fignifie, that flying awaie in battell was to be puni»
fhed by the example of facrificing ofa fwift horffe. quc
The Carmani didalfo worfhip Mars, and becaufe they had no horffes to vfein warre,
they were forced to vfe Affes, for which caufethey Sacrificedan Affe vnto him. Thereis
another fable amongltthe Poets, thatthe Methimnaans were commaunded by the Ora-
cleto afta Virgin into the Sea to Neptune,which they performd : now there wasa yong
man whofe name was (Ezmallus) which wasin loue with the {aid Virgin, and feeing hir in
the Waters, fwum after her to faueher, but both of them were couered with the waters
ofthe Sea, yetafter acertaine fpace, Exmallus returned backe again, and brought newes
thatthe virgin liued among the pharies ofthe Sea,and that he after that he had kept Nep-
. tunes horfes, by the helpe ofa great waue, efcapedawaie by fwimming; forthe poets fain
that Neptunes chariot was drawn by horffes of the fea;acording to thefe verfes of Gilsse:
Ex Now
t
i^]
Z-—
5°
Of the Horffe. 335
Non Aliter quotiens perlabitur &quora currt
-Extremamque petit Phabaacubilia Tethyn
vesd: Franatis neptunus equis. :
| Theyalío faine thatthe Sunne is drawne with two fwift white Horffes from whence came dolcry by
thatabhomination, thatthe Kings of Judea had ere&ed Horffes and Chariots in honor of Ry uen
the Sunne, which were fet at the entrance ofthe Temple ofthe Lord ; which Horfles were
deftroyed by 70//45,as we reade in holy Scripture. Andthe manner oftheir abhominati-
om wás that whenthey did worfhip tothe Sunng they roade «pon thofe Horffes from the
| Munfter.
: entrance of the Temple to the chamber-of WNethan-melech. The Perfians alfo facrificed a
10° Horfle to Apollo according to thefe verfes of Ouid :
| placat equum Per is, rady hyperiona cinci us
Ne detur [celeri vittima tarda deo.
| And for this caufe the Mafagetes (acrificed a horffe (the fwifteft of all Beafts) vnto the fun,
| the fwifteft ofall the Gods. Phileftratus alfo recordeth, tiat Palamedes gaue charge to tbe
| Grzcians to facrificeto the Surine rifing a white horfle. The Rhodians in honor of the San
| did caft yearly away into theSea, the Chariots dedicated tothe Sunne,inimagination
| that the Sunne was carried about the VVorldiná Chariot, drawen by fixe Horfles. ;
Asthe Army ofthePerfians did proceede forward on their iournie, the fire which The ceremo
they did (call holy and eternally was lifted vp on Silueralters : Prefently after this, there 7 Of tbe Por
| 20 followedthe Wife-men; and after thofe wife-men came 165. young men, being cloathed hi
| withas many red little-garmentsas there are daies. intheyear : Inftantly vpon che fame,
| came the holy Chariots of Jupiter, which was drawneby white Horffes ; after which, with *
a refplendant magnitude the Horffe ofthe Sun was feene to appeare (for fo it was called)
andthis was the manner of their facrifice. : («lius
‘The King of Indrans alfo (as is faid) when the daies beganto waxelong, hie defcended
downe tothe Riuer Zzdus, and thereuntofacrificed black Horffes and Buls, for the Buls in
ancienttime were confecratedto the riuers, and horffes alfo were throwne therinto aliue,
as the Troians didinto Xanthus: is Varrmus
The Vezeti (which worfhiped Diomedes with finguler honor) did facrifice to him à whit strato
30 horfie : when the Thebanes made war on the Lacedemonians, itis laid that Cada/vs apeared
inavifionto Pelapidas one of the Thebane Captaines, andtold him thatnowthe Lacede- i ee
monianswere a Leuctya,and would take vengance vpon the Thebanes,and their Daughters; can
Whereupon Pelapidas to auert that mifchiefe,caufed a young foale to be gallantly attired, Penn at
and the day before they ioyned battel, to be led toa Sepulcher of their virgins, and ther ak
tobelilledandfacrificed. — . "|
The The/falians obferued this cuftomeat their marriges and nuptial facrifices the man |
| tooke a Horffe of War armed and furnifhed, which he ledintothe Temple, after the fa-
crifice ended he delinered the raines ofthe bridle into the hands of his Wife who led the :
fame Horffe home againe, but for what fignification or caufe this rite was obferued, dels Plutarch, i t AME D
| "4o 7 which relateththe ftory fheweth not, but faieth he referreth himfelfe to the T/e//4/- ea
| aus to declare their ownereafons of this obferuation, and thus much fhall (uffice concer- d UR
ning thefacrificing of Horffes. m. BOUT ARN y
| Another moral-honor done vnto them was their burial ; For we haue fhewed already ^ orrilof ME TE
that Velucer the Horffe of ers the Emperour was honourably buried, the Mares of Cz- A il d.
non which had won three games at Olympus, were likewife interred nearehis owne body. i MY
The Scithians atthe burial of their kings ved for to ftrangle one of his harlots,his cupbe- aT te
rer, his Cooke, his Horffe-keeper, his meffenger,and alfo Horffes and other cattell ; and [s pel a
aftera yearethey do this thefecond time; taking fifty of his deareft feruantes which were wu |
| natural seythians and (trangled them ; Likewife fifty of hisbe(t Ho:ffes, out of whole bel- lal
lies they pul out their bowels and guttes, and filling their bellies vppe againe with chafte, .
they fowe them vp : then make they halfe an arch vpon twopofts ftandiog vpright, and
| ?? likewife the other halfe vpontwo other poftes ouer the kings graue 5 Likewile fattening in { | "M
| the earth diuers other fhatp pofts vpon which they put the fifty horffes,fo faftening them : nasci wr
with thicke piecesoftimber alalongtheir neckand back,fo that the fhoulders of thehor- Du AD)
| fes reft von the fore-arch and their bellies on the hinder their legs landing vpward, then i | | |
| oe bridie | ]
336 The Hiffory of Foure-footed Beafts.
bridle they the horffes, and ftretch foorth the reynes oftheir bridles-vnto the poattes |
ofthe earth, afterwards vpon euery one of the dead horffesthey lay aidead man, putting |
_aftake through his backe out of his necke, and the neather part of thefaid flake they faft-
enin thepofte, which pierceth or goeth thorongh thehorfle, and thus hauing compat |
fedaboutthegraue of their king, with fuch horffes and horffe-men; they depart; leauing
both one and the other to the confümption of nature; andafter this manner did they: ba:
ry all cheirkings. (n 3 snini29 vor. al Sbsor ws ims’ vd b»yoxfls!
Adrian buried his hunting horffe, Egomaus his Mares; Partberit and Eripha.Like-
wife Miltiades , Euagoras,and Auguftusthe Emperor: At Agrigentum alfo chereare many |
oe. piramides eceGed vpon the fepulchres of horfles,and thus much thal fuffice forthe buri- 1e |
Auclniit all ofhorfles. i AT sm Sas,
Pliny. We haue fhewed you already how menand women haue bin transformed into hor- ;
fes, according to the fi&ion ofthe Poets, as of Saturne, Iupiter, Neptune, Ceres,: Hippes,
Feftus and Ocyrrhoes the daughtrts of Chiron In like fort there haue beene predictions or often-
Predi@ions “tations of things to come, taken from a Wolfe,a Fox,and a Serpent;and.a Horfle, which
or augurifms | ;
sbyhodes Were called 4u/picia Pedeftria, Y.
Dreames alio haue beene declared by horffes, for Publixs Vatiziusin the Macedonian
watre, comming towards Rome in thenighttime, füppofed he faw two yong men of ex-
cellent beauty to meet him, andtell him that Perfes the king was taken by Paulus; which
thing he declared to the Senate, butwasby them putinto'prifonasa‘contemnerofthe 290 3
Maiefty and honor of that Captaine, but afterwards it appeard by the letters of Paul that ;
Perfes was taken thatvery day; whereupon Fatizius was delivered out of prifony andre-
Paler Max. warded with land andliberty.
| Italo apeareth that the fame day that Ca/for and Pollux wafhed away the fweat of them
felues and their horffes, in the lake of Juturne, that they watched for the fafety of the Ro-
man Empire, and their Temple which was ioyned to thefame fountain being faft locked,
ypon a fuddaine flew open without the hand of man. ijeotaé
Aeneas Mo in Virgil faith,that he knew war woulde follow by the appearance of foure
horffes,which ina green field fet vpon a whole campe, whereuppon in Fargill he {peaketh
thus to.Anchifes. | |
Quatuor bic primum omen Equos in gramine vidi
Trndentes campum late candere nonalt
Et pater Aachtfes bellum o terra bo[pitapartes
Belle armantur equi, bellum hae armenta minantur
Sedtamen ydem olim curru fuccedere [ueti
Quadrupedes & frena iugoconcordia ferre
Spes eff pacis att.
Lutan alfo fpeaketh to the fame purpofe that horffes prefage wares
primus ab equorea percufirs cufpide [axis
Theffalisus fonipes bellis feralibus omen 49 |3
Exilutt. RE 1
Alexander alfo writeth, that the Germans were wontto bring vp white horffeswhichwer |)
neuer víedto labour, by whofe neighing they were forewarned of warres, and of other
ftrange euentes. It is valgarly knowne how Darius came to the kingdome of Perfia, after |
it wasagreed among {tthe feuen princes, that he whofe horffe did firftneigh inthe mor-
ning ina place appointed, fhould be faluted king, Ebares his rider in the night time tooke
one of the Mares which he knew his maifters horffe loued, and ledd herinto the fuburbs, |
and there tied her, afterward he broughtthither Daria; his horfe, andled him about hir2, |
or threc times, andat length fuffered him to couer her, and fo ledde them both away to-
gither. M ge
Inthe next morning the princes metas fooneas day brake, and road vp and downthe |
fübburbs;vntilatlaftthey came to the place where the Mare of Darius wastiedthe night ^ | 3
before, whereuntothe horffe of Darizz ran nei ghing ftrongly and prefently it thundered
and lightned inacleere day : whereuppon the refidue of the princes alighted fromtheir
horfes and did reuerenceto king Darius, whom by diuine appointment wasthus aduan-
cedtothe Scepter. Althogh
m d
a aed
i
i Of the Horffe.
Although there befome that {ay Eboresby handling ofa Mares genitall and keeping
his hand warme, vntillthey came to the place aforelaide, there firoking the Noftrils of
his maifters horffe, caufed him thus to neigh and win the kingáome, yet /rat her incline
tothe former opinion which was related by Herodotus in his Thalia.
There haue alfo beene horfles of ftrange fafhions, for as we haue (hewed afready,thae
a Mare did bring forth a Hare, foalfo (Zimy faych) an Oxe did bring foortha Foale. Acro
didihew certaine Hermaphrodite mares, wherewithallhis chariot -wasdrawne, which was
| athingworththe fight, that the Monarcke of the worlde (hould fic vpon Monfters.
| tali Cay hada horffe which had clouen hooueslike a mans fingers, atid becaufe he
ro was foaled at that time when the fouth-fayers had pronounced that hee (hould haue the.
| anymantobacke him but himlelfe, whichafterwardshe dedicated in the Temple of Ve-
| rythecount-Palatipe had likewife a horffe with (ie legs : Thus much may fuffice for the
| monfter horfles. 1251 ni zem ipods
In the next place itis good to enquire what the Césrauresare; who are deferibed by -
the Poets to hatietheir forepart like men; and their hittder pare like horfles, the occafion Of Centaurs
| wherofisthus related by Pindarus:that Centaurus the Sonne of Ixioz, committed bugge-"
| de ry wich the mares of Mignetia, vader the mountaine Pelins,fcom whence came that mon-.
|. ftrous bifth ià thevpper part refembling the father and inthe neatherthe mother-Thefe:
faith hepoffeffed the mountaines and deface places of Theffaly, being giuen to all inan-
| ger of Lattociny and Depreedation. They were called alfoHippocentauri: And fome faye
| that they were firft ofall nouri(hedby the Nimphes inthe mountaine Pelizs, who after-
wards being the firft chat tamed horffes, were thoughtto be halfe men, and halfe horfes,
| pecaufethey were feene backward, aid trom hence caine the fable that they were tamed
by Hercules, which was one of his greateft labours: But yet that ao man may wonder Or,
thinke ir impoffible chatfüch monRrouscreatures (hould haueexiftencein nature, thefe
authorities following may perfwadefufficiently. ^^ kairnt 62 GUMBO!
30° Platarchin his banket of wifemen, afirmechy there was ahorffe-keeper which broght
into the houfe of Periander an’ infantor rather 4?monfter which he had got vpon'a'Mare,
which Bad the head; necke, bands 4nd'voice of a child;and the other partes like. a horffe,
Dioeles ptefently iudgedit to beea monfter, and fignified contentions and flrifes in the.
world:But Thales told Pertander he was ofanéther opinion, namely, that it was no mon-
fter, but a meere natural! birth from fuch a copulition jand therefore aduifed Pertander,
that either he fhould keepe no riders’, or els let therm haue wines. "^ SA
claudius C afar alfo writeth, thatin the tine of his raigne there'was fucha ore borne
in Theffaly; which dyed the fame day it was borne: arid Pliny that he afterwards faw it fea
foned in hony, brought out of Egypttobe fhewed to the Emperor! Thefe Centateres Ho-
mer calletly Feray, that is Fer wilde perfons.The Lapithéahd the Centaures are {aid tobe
very likethe’onetothe other and Wate alfo once very louing, but they féll astefwardsto
deadly war, by reafon the Centaures ina banket being drunk ;offered toráüifh the femals
ofthe rapirbe, for which caufe the zapztbsflew them in their iéalofrejwheron fell a mortal,
war , whereby the poets figtifie howintemperancy in men & beafts doth not only bring
with itcthér fins butalfo caufech müch flaughter. AndfoIconclüdethe ftoty of Cez-
t4u7es , holding it poffiblethat such fhould be generated by vacleane and vn hattirall co-
pulation;but vnpoffible that they fhéuld liue long afcer birth;and therefore the Ceszanrs
ofthePoets are nothing els but mea fitting on horffebacke; miftaken for one entire crea-
ture which were diuided; and fo Iconclude with the verfeof Horace: 00799
E vsdiimdwu. souls pit esscttG nieioscqo 203 979r Vea WSs oed
fo Husnano capiti cernicem pictor Equip od os CR C ion
Hoe monftrum pitü Centaurus fores V 0 s
- + Ux Gg A Of
QC 3or ah 6505313502, 2209180 159319 ( Dear £ 55111 Z 1T Sw
wo ox BBs "E $5 # » - zt £ d £I Hee " —
337
Ot Monzfter
ho
rics
| gouerniment of che world, therefore he nourifhedhim carefully, aud neuer permitted Pines -
nus, for he conceiued, that fach a frange beaftbredde in his owne flocke was a prediction ,,,
| - : { ; T peti > . Dion.
| vato hin of great honor. The Palatine ot Virwa hada horfle foled with fiuelegs,ind Hen- 5,
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AU 338 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
n | : y: |
M Of the flatues and figures of Horffes.
: £33 | Lis was no final dignity tharthe ancient Cephalenes did flamp
J | their mony with che picture ofa horfle, for furely from them
Polar.
it came, that coine was firtte of all called currant, becaufe of
the ymage of a fpeedy horfle, wherewithal it wes imprinted.
Textor alfo writeth, that amongeftthe auncientes there was a |
cuftome to make the Charaéter ofa horfle in the forehead of zo. | 4
aboud-flaue;there was alfo ymages of horffemen and horffes ||
renownedin many countries for the honor of botli fach were |
the ftatues ofthe Amazons (cald Aippiades (who by Zy/ias the |!
are faide to be the firft that euer backed horffes : Such was the ftatue of Clalia, ft
Quintus Martius; Tremulus, Domitianus, and manye other both men and women: for |
the Romaines had the Equeftriall ftatues in great reuerence and ceremony, no doubt in |
imitation ofthe Grzcians, but with this difference, that they pt&ured none but the fwift [|
horffes, but the Romans;horffes and chariots,and from hence came the cuftometo haue |
chariots in triumph. 1
n . Butthiscuftometo haue fix horffes ina chariot was brought inlaft of all by Augufius.ro | Y:
Y IM Ariftodemus pi&uredthe chariots and wagener.Pifcrates the woman Pizbo with a Wagon. -
Aden | | Euthycrates thefonne of Ly/ippus expreffed the Equeftriall combate at the Oracle of Trz- |
"M phonium with fingularart,alfo many Chariots of Medea,the horffe and his cariage : there q
were alfo earthen chariots at Rome in the porch of Iupiters Temple, as we hauie (hewed |
before in the difcourfe of chariots. ET
When Conjtantinus the great tooka view ofthe citie of Rome,and paffing from place |
to place, came atlength to Forum Traiani, the moft exquifire building ofall the world,he
flood amazedat the admirable frame of Giants, which were lineally deciphered therein,
t1] whereof difparing to imitateany part of that worke,he chofe oncly to ere& the picture of
4] fucha horffe & prince,asinthe middle of the fame was erected, in remembrance of Tra- 30
a eimi: jane,and{o much he intimated to his followers: clofeby him ftoodthat princely Hormif- — .
j da (a pertian) who madethe Emperor this anfwere ; 4772 imperator flabulum tale condi u-
n Deto fi vales: Equus quem fabricare difponis ita late fuccedat ut ifle quemvidemus: Q Noble
tpi Empe. before you makefüch a horffe, firft ofall builde fucha ftable; that your workein
i all parts may be correfpondentto this which you propofe vnto your felfe toimitate. |
| _ Metellus the Macedonian raifed two porches which were compaffed about-withtwo. | |)
f borffes without infcription or dedication, which now are compafied, with the porches i
o
Ims
tas riceverai. a
e que AE Ph E
iy ait $ of OZaui& the row of Equeftrial ftatues in the front of the faid buildin gs,nowthe grea. q
MI P teft ornament of that place, he alfo brought out of Macedonia. Audit is (aidthar Alexan- .
a n derthe great caufed Ly/ippus (that (ingular workeman) to frame the pictures ofall thofe 49:3
knights which in his company were laineat theRiuer Graicum,.and alfo to: place.his |
ownepictureamongftthem. |... iad m |
In the citty of Romethere are two mountaines called Equilini, inone of them are. the.
bathes of Dioclefian,and the great Marble horfles, with two men halfe naked, -holdinge
their reines, being moft fingular workemanthip, whereof one hath this infcriptio. inla- |
tine letters Opus Praxitelis, the vwork of Praxitiles,the other Opus pbidis thevvork of Phi-
dias : and itis cleare, that they were brought thither by Tyridates king of Armenia, for
whofe entertainment Nera caufed the Theatre of Pompey to be couered all ouer- with gold
Caeci in the {pace of one daie. The ftory of the Troian horfieis vulgarlieknown,which is alfo.ca- |
; led Equus Durateus, or Durens, whereinthe Grecian princes hidthemfelues, whenthey se 3
tooke Troy, according to thefe verfes : duse Liana ane !
gum
=
ees
SASS ps ae
E
———
SR ee
| Neceum duratens Troianis pergamapartu " , }
Inflammeafcit Equus nocturno gratugenarum. |
RU The truth whereof itandeth thus, the Gracians making fhewthat they had vowed a vow |
VAM vnto Pallas, framed a horfle of fo great bignes, that it coulde not be taken ipto Troy, ex- |
ad | ; cept |
! b |
ui |
il
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n
:]
M
y A "d , * S yt .
X T ; j J E » ls i wr
2 i G EC ran ^ "PE. 3 Ü
| " , . " : / ^ WES
| cept the gates were pulled downe ;andthis they placed hard tothe walsof Troy: Sinori Wi
| tthe. counte rfet runagaty being then within the wals among the Proyans,perfwaded then ^ M
| do pull downe their wals and pul in that wooden horfle 5 affirming that if they could get itj n
| palla; would ftand fo friendly to them thatthe Grzctans (hould neuer beableto mooue ! |
warréagainftthem: wherefore they pull downetheir gates, and part of their wall; and by i
that meanes do bring the horffe intothe citty : while the Troyans were thus revelling and i
making metry with themfelues and not thinking ofany harme might enfuevpon them; Hn
cheleaders ofthe Gracianarmy who by deceit allthis while kept themfelues clofe hid;
(euer fince which time the Greciansare tearme dofall nations deceitfully.onafuddaine
| zo rofe out of their lurking places, and fo going forward inuadedthecitty, being deftitute
ofany defence, and by this meanes fub dewedit. re od -boiniigenk
| Othersare of opinion, that the poets fiction of the Troyan-horffe, was no^ other-ba
| this,that therewas amountaine heare Troy called Equusand by aduantage thereof Troy
| was taken,whereantoVirgill feemethtoalude,fiyings ' | ;siditinio:
In [lar montis Equum diniza Palladisarte — : hod whtiod £o
obo. . Aedificant. | xb a ow 512515, aris bas
| Forthey faie that Pallas and Epews made the horffe;and therefore Iconie&ture, thatthe
| ‘Trojan horffe was nothiug elfe butan engine ofwar, like vato that whichis called Aries:
| For (Paufanias faith) that Epews was the inuenter, thereof. And Higinias faith, that the
!|'2e Troyanhorffe was Machina eppugnateira, a devife of war, to ouerthrowthe wals.
| Of this horffe there was a brazen image at Athens in Acropolis; with this infcription,
| Charidemus, Fuanceli filius calenenatus dicauit. NN her ‘Alexander looked vponhis own
| pidareat Ephefus which Apelles had drawne with all his skill, the king did not commend
|. $taccotding to theworth thereof: It fortuned that a horffe was brought into the roome;
who prefentlie neighed atthe picture of Alexanders horffe, fmelling vnto itas toa lining
horffe where at Apellés fpakethus to theking: Pu
Ho men Hippos evice fan graphicoteros.
Cata polu. ^ : d
That isto fay : the horffe isa better difcernet ofttuth then you:
There was one Phormis which went from Mazalusin Arcadia into Scicilia, to ferue lh
Gelon the Sonne of Dinomenes,vnder whom and his brothet Hiero hearofe to great eftate E
of wealth,and therefore he gaue many guifts to Apollo at Delphos, and made two brazen: DES ORE"
horffes withtheit riders at Olympiassecting Dronifius the Grecianvpon onc;and Simon E« DIM OM
genenta vpon the other. Hy: rd OD RD. | 4
Aemilius Cenforinus (a cruel Tirant in Scicilia) beftowed great gifts vpon fuch as could in- AT
vent new kind of Torments 5 there was one Aruntius Paterculus, hoping to receiue from: * Nn
him fome great reward made abrazen horffe, and prefented it to the Tirant: to include EN a
thereinfüch as he fhould condemne to death: at the receipt whereof. Aemilius which was | "
neuer iuftbefore, firft ofall put the author into ic, that lié mighttake experience how cur- BIS F
i) {edathing itwasto minifter vato crueltie. | jJ A s DE E ! 7
4 Apelles alfo painted Clytus on horffe-backe haftening to war, and hisarmour bearer: et
reaching his helmet vntohim, fo lively that other dumb beafts were affraid of his horfle.’ E orca
And excellent wasthe skil of 2ealees who had fo pictured a horffe foaming that the be-| Bee ON x
holders were wonttotake their handkerchefs to wipe it yom his mouth:and thus much; bui PE
for the morrall vfes of horffes. | LO RR? d
Of the feuerall difeafes of Horffes and on M
theig cures. eonim Sinn Ba |
T ER Isl Being in this difcourfe:I haue principally aymed atthe pleasure,delight,and: 2 a |
EATS yeaa profite of Englifhimen, I hauc thought good:to difcource of the difeases. of!
Zz pos x horffes arid their cures in the words of our owne.countrymen M. Blundeviley. ! |
eus and M. Markham whofe works of chefe matters are to be recorded like the Z/- hl li
liads of Homer in many places and (euerall Monumentes, tothe the entent dhatenuyor; ——— TUM "M
Barbarifme may neuer beable zo buriethem in obliuion, or negle& to root.theni out of; B
the world,without the lofie of other memo rable labors, Gg 2 Where- - ii
l
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34.0 The Hiflerie of Foure-footed Beafts. |
Wherefore good Reader, for the en fuing Tra&ate of difeafes and cures compiled
them, after that [ had read quer thelabors of C. Gefzer, and compared it with them,tind-
ing nothing of fubftance in him, which is not more materially,perf picuoutly,profitably,
and familiarly, either extracted or expreffed by them, ina method moft fitting this Hy- |
ftory, [haue thoght goodto follow thé in the defcription of the difeafe and the remedy, | |
fitít (according to time) declaring them in the words of 44. Blund. and afterwards in the
words of M. Markam methodically one after the other in the fame place:wherwithal I truft
the lining authors will not bé difpleafed, that fo you may with one labour examin both;
and I hope; that neither they nor any of their friends or Schollers fhallreceiue any infte ro |
caufe of offence, by adding this part of their ftudies to our labors, neither their bookes
imprinted, beany way difgraced or hindered, butrather reuiued, renobled , and honou- à
red. ‘To begiane therefore (faith Maifter Bluzdeuill ) after the difcourfe ofthe nature ofa
horffefolloweththofethings which areagain(t nature, the knowledge whereofis as need
fully profitableas the ocher. Things againftnacure be thofe whereby the heathfull eftate
ofa horffes body is decayed, whichare in number three. Thatis,the caufes,the ficknes,
and the accidentes ; of thetwo firftin order, and the other promifcuoufly as neede re- |
quireth, 5: | | tre»
ios Of canfes and kinds thereof. 4
He caufesof fickenes be vnnaturall affects, or euill difpofi- d
tions preceding fickneffe, and prouoking the fame; which
of chemfelues do not hinder the a&ions ofthe bodye,but
by meanes of fickneffe comming betwixt.eOfcaufes, fome
be called internal; and fome Externall. Internall bethofe
that breede within the body ofthe beatt, as euill iuice- Ex-
ternall bechofe that chance outwardly to the bo dy,as heat;
cold, or the ftin ging of a Serpent, and füchlike. I5 knowing
the caufe of euery difeafe, confifteth the chiefe skill ofthe
. Ferrer, For vnleffe heknoweth the caufe of the difeafe, itis 30 ||
impoffible for him to cureit wel and skilfully. Andtherefore I withal Ferrersto be dili- 1
gentín feeking to know the caufes of all difeafes, as wel in the parts fimiler,as inftrumen-
tall sand to know whether füch caufes be fimple, or compound : foras they be fimple or
compound,fo do they engender fimple or compound difeafes.
Of Jickneffe what it is, and bow many generall kinds there be, alfa
Blundevile
— ee
_ With what order the difeafes of Horflesare heerein declared. And
finally, ofthe foure times, belonging to euery.
fickneffe.
cs cknes isan euillaffe& contrary to nature, hindring of it felfe, fomea&ion
: PN of the body. Offickenes there bethree generallkindes, whereofthe firfte
3? confiftetü in the parts'simyler the (ccond in the parts inftrumental ; and
ow thethird in both parts togither. The firftkiad, is called ofthe Latines 7s-
See! zemperies thatis to fay, euill temperature, whichiseither simple or coms
pound. [cis (imple, when one quality onlie dothabound or exceed too much,as to be too
hot ortoo colds itis compound, as when manie qualities do exceed, as when the body is
too hoe and too drie, ortoo cold and too moift. The fecondkind is called Mala conftitutio,
that is tolày an euil {tate or compofition which ist® be confidered,e yther by the thape,
number, quaatity; or fight ofthe member, or part euell affected or difeafed. The thirde 5°
kindis called Vnitatis folutio chat is to faie, the loofening or diuifion ofthe vnitie, which
asit may. chaunce diuerflies fo it hath diuers names accordinglie:for iffuch folution
or diuifton beina bone, thenitiscalled a fra&ure , if itbe in anie flefhie part, then itis |
calleda woundeorvlcer; inthevaines a rupture, inthe finnews a conuulfion or crampey
and inthe skin an excoriation. Y
40
Againe,
»
ia ent
Of the Horffe. 241
Againe, of difeafes, fome be called long, andfome (harpe and (hort, called ofthe La-
tines, Morbi accuti, which be perillous, and do quickly killthe body. The long, dotarrye
| longer by it. Yet moreouer thereis ficknesby it felfe, and ficknes by confent. Sickneffe
by icfelfe, is that which being in fome member, hindereththe a&ion thereof by it fclíe.
Sickneffeby confent, is deriued out of one member into another, through theneighbor-
hood and community that is betwixt them :as the pain of the head which commeth from
| theftomacke.
| Thusthe learned Phyfitians which write of mans body, do diuide fickneffe.But 4D/7-
| tus writing of horffe-leach craft, faith of thar ficknes or rather malady (for fo hetermeth
| po it, vfing that worde as agenerall name toall maaner of difeafes that beina horffe) there
be fourekinds : that is to fay,the moift malady ,the dry malady the malady of the ioynts,
andthe malady betwixt the fle andthe skin. The moift malady is that which we call the
Glanders : the dry maladie is an incurable confumption, which fome perhaps would call
the mourning of the cheine, but not rightly, as (hall well appeare vnto you heereafter :
| The malady of the ioynts comprehendethalgriefes and forances that bein the ioyntes :
| Andthe malady betwixtthe fleth and the skin, is that which we call the fcab: vnto which
foure kindes of maladies Yegetivsaddeththree others, that is, the Farcine, the paine of
the Reynes or Kidneys, and the cankered Mangeneffe, moftcommonly called of the old
| writersthe Leprofie; and fo maketh feanenkinds of maladies, vnder whichall other par-
| ‘20 ticular difeafes are comprehended. ;
| Againe, Laurentius Rusffue veth an other kind of diuifion of ficknes.Of horffes difea-
© {es (faith he) fome be naturall,and fome accidenrall.The natural bethofe that do come
| either throughthe exceffe, or lacke of engendring feed, or by error of nature, in miffor-
| ming the young, orelfe by fome defe& ofthe damme or fire, in that perhaps they be di-
feafed within, and haue their feed corrupted. |
| The accidentall difeafes be thofe that come by chaunce, as by furfetting of cold, heat,
[3 and fuch like thing.'But forafmuch as none of thefe writers doe followtheir owne diuifi-
| ons,nor handle the partes thereofaccordingly : toauoide their confufion, and to teach
phinely: Ithoughtgoodand profitable therefore to vfethis my owne diuifion and order
3o heere following.
Firftthen, of difeafes fome be inward,and fome be outward. The inward bethofethat
breede within the horffes bodie, andare properly called maladies and difeafes, whereof
fome doocupy althe whole bodie,and (ome particular parts or members of the body.
Ofthofe then that occupie allthe body, and not be accident to any priuate mem-
ber,I do firfttrear, as of Agues, of the Peftilence, and fuch like,and then of thofe thatbe
incident to euery patticluar member, beginning atthe head, and fo proceede orderly
throughourall the members, euendowne tothe fole of the foot, obferuing therein fo nie
as I can, thefelfe same order that Galen vseth in his booke, De locus male aff ecfis, decla-
ring firft, what manner of difease it is, and how itis called in Englifh, and alfo in Italian,
becaufe the Kings ftableis neuer without stalian riders, of whome our Ferrers haue bor-
? rowed many names, as you (hal perceive heerafter. Then the caufes whereof it proceeds,
and the fignes how.to know it, and finally, the cure and diet belonging tothe same, and
becaufe I find not inward difeafes enow to anfweare euery part of the body, 7 doe not let
| to enterlace them with outward difeafes, incident to thofe partes, yea rather, I leaue
| out no outwarde difeafe belonging to anie particular member, and to the en-
| tent you maie the betterknow to what difeafes or forances euerie part or member of the
horffes bodie is moft commonly fubie&-And note by the way, that I call thofe outward
difeáfes that proceede not of any inwarde caufe, but of fome outwarde caufe, as whena
' horffeis fhouldered by meanes of some outward caufe, or his backe galled withthe sad-
go dle, or his fides spurgalled ,or his hooue cloid with a naile, and fuch like, which properly
may be calledforances.or griefes. mae eh, a ene Ex
Thirdly, Italke of thofe difeafes as wel outward as inward ,that maie indifferently chance
| in anie part of the bdie, a3. of Impoftuines, cankerous Vlcers, W oundes, Fiftules, Bur-
| binges, Brousinges, Breaking of bones, and fuchlike.. Fourthly, becaufe moft difcases
are lrealedeither by letting of blood, by taking vp of'vains, by purgation,or elsby caute:
m ona Gg 3 rifation
BL EERE SIE
342
Blundevile &
The Eiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
rifation, that is to fay, by giuing the fire: I talke of thofe foure neceflary things feuerally
by themfelues and finally, Ifhew you the true order of paring and fhooing all man-
ner of hooues, according as the cyuerfity of hooues require : and to the intent you
may the better vnderítand mee, you hauethe perfe& fhapes ofall neceffary fhooes ,
plainely fer forth in figures before your eyes. Thus much touching mine order. which I
haue hitherto obferued.
Now it isneceflary to know, that to euery difeafe or malady, belongeth foure feuerall
times, that is to fay, the beginning, the increafing,the ftate,and declination, which times
are diligently to be obferuedofthe Ferrer, becaufe they require diuersapplying of me-
dicine: for that medicine which was mecteto be vfedin the beginning of the difeafe, per-
haps is notto be vfedin the declination thereof : and that which is requifite, and vety
needefull, to be applyed in the ftate or chiefeft of the difeafe, may bevery dangerousto
be viedinthe beginning. And thereforethe Ferrer oughtto bea man of iudgement,and
able to difcerne one time from another,to the intent he may apply his medicines righdy.
Hither of caufes and fickneffe in generall. Nowitisalfo meete, that we fpeake in general
of figues whereby ficknefleis kaowne.
Of the fignes of fickneffe in general.
SRG Be Ickneffe according tothe learned Phyfitians, is knowne foure man-
AG ner of waies : firft by infeparable or fubftantiall accidents, as by the
= PS: fhape, number, quality, and fight of the part or member difeafed.
SA For if it bee otherwife formed, or more or leffein numberor
RV quantity, or elfe otberwife placed then it oughtto be, thenitis not
y well. Secondly, fickneffe is knowne by alteration of the quality, as
if it betoo hot, ortoo cold, too moift, or too dry. Thirdly, when
R the aétion ofany member is hurtor letted, as when the cie-fight is
not perfeg, it is a manifeft(igne that the eie is euill affected or ficke. Likewife, when there
breedeth no good blood in the body, it isan euidét token that theliueris not wel. Fourth-
o
ly, fickneffe is known by the excrementsthat come from the beaft,as by dung, or tale : '
foritbis dung be too ftrong offent, full of whole Cornes, or of Wormes,too hardor
too foft, or euill coloured, it is atoken that he isnot well in his body: fo likewife ifhis ftale
be too thicke, or too thinne,too white, ortoo red, it betokeneth fome furfet,raw digefti-
on, or elfe fome griefe in his reynes, bladder or ftones. But Vegetivs faith, that itis beít
knowne, whether a Horffe be ficke or not, or toward fickneffe, b y thefe fignes heere follo-
wing : for if he be moreflowand heauy in his trotting, or gallopping, harder of Spurre,
_ then he was woontto be, or fpreadeth his litter abroad with his feete, often tumbling in
the nighifeafon, fetching his breath fhortand violently, loud fnufflingin the Nofe,and
cafting out vapors at his Noftrils, or lyeth downe immediatly after his prouender, or ma-
kethlong draughts in his drinking, or in the night feafon is now downe, and now on foot,
or if inthe next morning he bevery hot in his pafternes, or betwixt his eares, or that his
eares hang more thenthey are wont todoe: againe, ifhis eye-fight be dim, and his cies
hollow in his head, his haires ftanding right vp, and his fanks hollow and empty, whenfo-
cuertwo or three ofthefe fignes doe concur together, thenit is to be thought, faith /zge-
gius thatthe Horffe is not well, and thereforehee would hauehim im mediatly tobeefe-
parated fromhis companyons thatbee whole, and to bee placed by himfelfe vntill his
difeafe bee perfe&ly knowne and cured, and efpecially if it bee any contagious dif-
eale. | Mes C PME ua
_. I haue feene diuers Ferrers heere in England to vfethat for the triall ofa Horffes fick-
neffe, which Ineuerread inany Author,thatis,to feele his ftonés; whether they be hot
or cold. and to fmell at his noftrils,and fo: by the fauour thereofto iudge what fickneffe
the Horffe bath. Truely I thinke that no euill waie, ifthey can difcerne with their fenfe
of fmelling, the diuerfity of fauours, that commeth outof his Noftrils, and thenaptly
apply the fame to the humours whercof fuch (auours bee bred, and fo orderly tofecke
| ECC: ou;
Ie
44
59
elisa ~ -—
eS ae
T ;
a
Of the Horffe. 343
| out the originall caufe of his fickenes. But I feare mee, that more Ferrers {mell without i
| judgement, than with fuch iudgement, and no maruell why, fithtbat few or none beler- NI
ned, or haue beene brought vp with skilful maifters.But from hence forth I truft that my } |
trauaile, will caufe fuch Ferrersas can read, and haue fome vnderftanding alre ady,to bee |
more diligent in feeking after knowledge then they haue bin heeretofore, whereby they i
fhallbethe better ableto feruetheir countrey, and alfoto profit chemfelues, with good |
| fame; wheras now for lackeofknowledgethey incurre much flander. ii
Of the Feauer and the diners kinds thereof | M Ihe
| aM
| 4g inahorffe.
Thinke it will feeme ftraunge vnto fome, to heare that a horffe fhoulde haue an Ague ; 3
or Feauer, but it wasnot {trange vntothe men of oldetime, as to Ab/yrtus, Hierocles, Blundevite T MM
Xenophon, Vegetius and {uch like olde Souldiors sthoroughlie experimented in horffes D o DTE
gricfes. A Feuer, according to the le arned Phifitians, is an vrinaturall and immoderate u
| hea*, which proceeding firft from the hart, fpreadeth itíelfe thoroughout all the arteries |
and vaines of the bodie and fo letteth the a&tions thereof. n
Of Feauers there bethree generallkindes, whereof the firft, is that which breedeth in |
the fpirites, being inflamed or heated more than their nature requireth. The fecond T
| 20 breedethin thehumors, being alfo diftemperedby heat. Thethird inthe firme parts of |
the body, being continually hot. What fpirits and humors be, hath beene told you be- "
fore in the keepers Office. Ofthefe three generall kinds doc {pring many other fpeciall i
kinds, as Quotidians, Tertians, Quartanes, Feauers Hectique, and very many others, "
wheteunto mans body is fubieé, whereofnone ofmy Authors do treat,vnle(fe Vegetius, ;
' who fpeaketh fomewhat ofa Feauer Quotidian, ofa Feauer continuall, and alfo of afea- b
uer Accidentall. He fpeakethalfo of Summer, Autumne, and Winter Feauers, without | |
making any great difference betwixt them, morethen that one is worfe than another, by
rexfon of the time and feafon of the yeare, fo that in effe& all is but one Feauer-Where- | EN
|. foreaccording vnto Abjértus opinion, Iwillbreefely fhew youfirft the caufes whercof it a
| 3e proceedes, and then the fignes howtoknowit, and fiaally howto cure the fame. ME
The Feauer chaunceth fometime by furfetting of extreame labour or exercife, as of ELT W
too muchtrauelling, and efpecially in hot weather,oftoo {wift gallopping and running, bon WM i
and fometime by extreame heat of the Sunne, andalfoby extreame cold ofthe ayre, and " Zh |
fometime itbreedeth of crudity or raw digeftion, which many times happeneth by ouer Dou
greedy eating of fweet green corne,or of fuch prouender as was not throughly dried nor
clenfed :forafter fuch greedy eating, and {pecially of fuch meat, neuer followeth perfect
digeftion. The fignes to know a Feauer bethefe Thehorffe doth continually hold downe
his head,and isnotabletoliftit vp, his eies are euen blown foas heécannot eafily open j
them : yea and many times they be watering, the flefh of his lippes andof all his bodye ; n.
go islu(hand feeble, his {tones hange low; his body is hot, and his breath is very hotteand p MUS. |
ftrong, he ftandeth weakly on his legges,and in his going draweth them lazily after him, sum en I
yea hee cannot goe but very foftly, and that ftaggering heereandtherche willlie downe M IINE
f
on his fide,and is not ableto turne himfelfe orto wallow; he forfakethhisrneatbothhay — — —
and prouender, and is defirous of nothing but of drinke, whichas Ab/rigeTaith, is anaf- 5 i BUE d
{ured token ofa Feauer + he alfo (lcepeth but little, The cure and diet, Let himbloodin \ i M
the face and Temples, and alfo ia the pallate of his mouth, and the firft day giuchim no Pi | |
meat, butonely warme drinke, and that by littleand little. Afterward giue him.continu- i |
ally graffe, or elfe very {weet hay wet in water,and let him be kept warme, andfometime V RINT
|
|... walke him vppeand downe faire and foftly ina temperate ayre; and then let him reft, and n.
| ~ whenyoufcethat he beginnesto amend, giue him by little and little at once barly faire | H
| $0 fifted and wel fodden, and alfo mundified, thatis to fay, the huskepulledaway¢, likeas T |
| when you blanch Almonds, ! T |
of iret 5
RE
T
Vari TU E Li ME i. rum — eU mL cur LEER n. rre
RETI
Qu
a ee
ii
LL =
a SE SV
EO eee AZ oe
Tw
Blundevile VES
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Of diners forts of Fevers, according to V igetius, and firft
of that which continueth but one day.
Ü 71 He Feauer ofone day calledby the Geeekname Ephenera,or els by the Latin
[4j name Diaria, chaunceth many times through the rafhneffe and {mall difcreti-
«iie on of thekeeper, or fomeotherthat letteth notto ridea horffe vameafura-
[57/5953 bly either before orafter watering, whereby the horffe'afterward in the fta-
ble entreth intoan extreame heate, and fo fallethinro his Feuer, which you fhall know
partly, by his waterifh and bloodfhotten eyes, and partly, by his fhort, violent and hot
breathing, and panting-
Moreouer, he will forfake his meate,and his Legs wil wax ftiffe and feeble. The cure.
Lethim haue reft all the next day following, and be comforted with warme meate,tken
let him be walked vp and downe faireand {oftly, and fo by litdle and little brought againe
to his former eftate.
Of the Feauer continuall.
in Italian by the Latine name Febris continua, which {pringeth offome inflamation
or extreame heate, bredde inthe principall members or inwarde partes, about the
heart, which is knowne in this fort. The Horffe dothnot take his accuftomed reft, where-
by his flefh doth fal away euery day more and more, and fometime there doth appear hot
inflamations in his flankes,and aboue his withers. The cure, Purge his headby fq uirting
into his Noftrils mansvrine, or the Water of an Oxethat/ hath beene refteda certaine
time, to the intent {uch water may be the Rtronger, and then giue him the drinke writen in
thenext Chapter.
7 | He Feuer continuall, is that which continueth without intermiiffion, and is called ae
Of the Feuer takenin the Autumne, that is to fay, atthe. 38
fall of the leafe.
q FaHorffechance togeta Feauer at the fall of the leafe, caufe him immediatly tobe ler
blood inthe necke vairie , andalfo in the . _.< furrow ofthe roofe of his mouth,and
then give him this drinke. Take of Iermander foure ouncés,of Gum dragant, and of
dryedrofes, of each one ounce, beatthem all into fine powder, and put them into a quart
of Ale;adding thereunto of Oyle oliue foure ourices, andof Hony as much; and giue it
the Horffelukewarme, | | | bi
Io!
jid vi | Of the Feuer in Summer feafon al T : UI
3| Feuer taken in Summer feafon is much worfe then in any othertime, and
efpecjally ifit be taken inthe Dogge daics , for then theaccidents bemore
j321| furious. The fignes be thefe: hisartirés wil beate euidently,and hee will
|: SU hed his fede when he faleth,and his going wil be Vnorderly. "The cure.
[CE er Ad 1 Lethim blood ina vaine that he hath in his hinder Ratichj about fourefin-
gers beneath the fundament, or if you cannot finde that vaine, let him blood inthe necke
vaine, toward the withers, and ifitbe needefull youmay giue him alfo chis drinke. Take
theinyceofa handfullof Parflein mingled with Gum dragant; with Enferis; atid'a fewe se
Damaske rofes,beatén ill into fine powder; and then put thereunto’ {ufficient quantity
ofale made fweetewith Hony. 2125601 .pomlbaucr: oll pak aSbbol Jow PAB
| 2i of
Of the Horffe. | | ! Ws
Of the Feuer in winter. |
Horffeto drinkethereoflukewarnie. . AIC APR etna E nus
Astouching his dyet, let his waterbealwaies lukewarme wherein wouldbe puta little Bu Wn
| ge Wheatmeale,and remember to giuehim no meatefo longas his fic continueth. And | TN
| becaufeinall Agues it is good to quicken the naturall heate of the Herfle,by rubbing and 26) 08 IM
fretting his body, it hall not be amiffe in fome faire day to vfethis fri&ion, called ot the | t5 RI MN |
|
fe] Orthe Feauer in Winter, it fhall be goodto take the powder ofthe drugs laft
(4 mentioned, and witha quill or reede, to blowe it vp into his left Noftril to li mr Pa
e| make him to necfe. Itfhall begoodalío to lethim blcodeinthenecke vaiuey Blandevil: AE TH EN ]
213! and in the palat ofthe mouth, andthento giue him one of thefe drinkes heere ee
following. Take of Ircos fixe ounces, of round Pepper one ounce, of Bay-berties, and of ‘Sa i
|: thefeede of Smallage, of each one ounce;andlet him drinke therm with fodden Wine. mR
Or elfe take a pint of good Milke, and put therein of Oylefoure ounces, of Saffron one Wl NONU
fcruple, of Myrrhetwo fcruples, ofthe feede of Smallagea fpoonefull, and make him bc PM i
| drinke that : or make himthis drinke. Take of Ariftoloch, otherwife: called round Haic- 1 EDT
| | woitoncounce, of Gention, of Ifop, of Wormwoode, of Sothernwood, ofeach one i Ae
ounce, of dry fat Figs fixe ounces, of che feede of Smallage three ounces, of Rue a hand- Th ina i
| full, boile them all ina cleane veffell with Riuér Water, voull the third part be confumed, Doa i d
AW d
|
ancient writers Apotorapie, which 1s made in this forc. Takeof Damaske Rofes one pound, : "
| of olde Oyle apinte, of {trong vineger a pinte anda halfe, ofMintes and Rue beaten into PI ai
| powder, of each one ounce anda halfe, together. with one oldedry Nut; beate themand | h FM
mingle them together, then being {trained and made lnkwarme,rub and chafeal the hor- E
fesbody therewith againft the haire, vntill he beginneth to fweate; then fet him vp inthe 2d MO
warmeft place of the ftable, and couer him well.
3o Of the Feuer which commeth of raw digeflion ^... in
or of repletion.
"M
lowing. The Horffe willblow atthe nofe more then hee is accuftomed to doe, fec- E UN
methtofetchhis winde onely at his nofe, and his breath willbee fhort; hotand dry; :
you fhall fee his flanks walke, and his backe to beate. The cure. Caufe him tobeletblood TONG
aboundantly in the head,and palat of his mouth, and by {quirting warme vinegerinthe ^"^^ ^ AMAT h
morning into his noftrils, force bim to neefe : andif hec beecoftiue, let his fundament po nw li
| _ beraked,orelfe giue him a glifter to cafe the paine in hishead. And as touching his dyer, bu wy n
| 40 giuchim butlitde prouender, or hay, neither let him drink much nor often, but betwixt | (08 MEE i
| — times, Butin any wife let him be well rubbed and chafed, and that a good while together, pony
| andifyouvfethe friction declared in thelaft chapter before in fuch fortas there is faid, iz ph Mr 4
fhall do him very much good. | : em
Oufhallknow ifthe Feuer proceedeth ofany inch caufe, by thefefignes heere fol- AUTE DIM | ;
|
i
| Of the Feuer accidentall comming of fome wlcer in the... BE |
| mouth or throat. i | : 3 lisi |
| He Horffe not being wellkept and gouerned, after that he hath beenelet blood iri | E d
| : haar sis tin |
| go the vpper partes: yea, andalfo befidesthatofhisowne nature is fubieg vnto thé hi
diftillation in histhroate, or partesthere about, the painefull {welling or'vicer whet!
of, caufeththe Horffeto fall into a gricuous Ague. Whereof, befides the former reme:
se
a
dies aptto purgehumors, it fhall be neceflary alfo, to let him bloode in the vaine of the ire OMIT à
head, and in the palat ofhis mouth, and to bee fhort in allthofe places wherethe difeafe ELO A!
| caufethmoftgricfe. Andifthe Horffc bee fo fore pained as he cannot fwallow ath ES | | th |
| : " Ii T4 i
| vae
| UR (it.
| «t$ ii Wil
l "n
Blundevile
The Hiftorie of Fomre-footed "Beafts.
his meate, it (hall bee good to giue him lukewarme water, mingled with Barly meale,or
wheat meae, and befides that, to make him {wallow downe feuen fops fopped in wine one
after another,at onetime: fome vfe at the fecondtime to dip fuch fops in {weet faltet oile.
"Thus far egetiw.
| Of phe Pefiilint A ghe.
TT feemeth by Laurentius Rufius, that Horffes be Alfo fubie@ toa peftilent fener, which
"f almoft incureable, is called of him Zzferzzitas Epidimialis that is to fay a contagious and to
"pefüiferous difeafe, whereof there dyed in one yearé in Rome aboue a thoufand Hor-
fes, which as I take it came by fome corruption of theaire, whereunto Rome in the chiefe
of Summeris much fubie@, or elfe corrupt humors inthe body inge ndered by vnkinde
‘food,by reafon perhaps that the City wasthen peftered with more horfe-men then there
could be corueniently harbored or fed. Laurentius himfelfe renderetbino caufe therof,but
"onely ffiewethfignes how toknow it; whieh be thefe. The Horffe Holdeth down his head,
Blundevile
-eateth little or nothing, his eyes waterifh, and his flanks doe continually beat. The cure.
Firft gine him this glifter. Take of the pulpeof Coloquintida one ounce, of Dragantum
oneounceanda haife, of Centuary and Wormwood, ofeach one handfull, of Cafforenm
halfe an ounce. boile them in water, then being ftrained, diffolue therein, of Gerologun-
dinum fixe ounces, of falt an ounce anda halfe, andhalfe a pound of Oyle oliue,and mi- 29 |
‘nifter it lukewarme with’a horne, or pipe made of purpofe. Make alfo this plaifter for his
head : take of Squilla fiue ounces, of Elder; of Caffereum, of Muftard feed and of Euforbz-
am, ofeach two ounces, diffolüe the fanie intheiuyce of Daffodill, and of Sage, dnd laie
ito the Temples ofhis head next vnto his eares;or elfe giue him any of thefe three drinks
heere following ; take of thebeftTriacle two orthree ounces, and diftemper it in good
wine, and giue it him with à horne; or elfelet him drink euery morning thefpace of three
daies, one pound or two ofthe tuyce of Elder rootes, or elfe giue him euery morning to
cate, a good quantity of Venus haire, called ofthe Latines Capillws Veneris newly and frefh
gathered;but if it be oldchen boile it in water,and giue him the deco&ion thereofto drink
with ahorne. Li Vee ATS
! F5 yvel ra (és ;
Martins opinion and experience touching a Horffes ..
| ent terio * Reuer. 239016 "d ;
jj Hough Martin halienot feene fo many feueralllindes of feuers, to chance
to Horffes, yet he confeffeth thata Horffe will haue a feiuer, arid faith that
you fhatknow it by thefe fignes. For after the Horffe hath beené ficke two
orthree daies, if you looke onhis tongue, you fhall fecát almoft raw and
ISTE
ble, recle and ftagger whenhhis fit commeth; which fitwil keepe his due howers; both of
comming and 4lfo of continuance, vnleffe you prevent it by putting the horffe into a heat,
which would be done fo fone as you fee him begin to tremble, either by riding him, or
tying vphis Legs. and by chafing him vp and downe in the ftable, vatil he leaue fhaking;
2
andthenlet himbekept warm, and ftand on the bit the fpaceoftwo houres;that done;you ,
may giué himfome hay, byalittle aconces and giuéhim warme water ;vith a litle ground
mault twice a day, the fpace of three or foure daies, and once a day wafh his tongue with
Alomwater, vineger, and Sage. But ifyou fee that all this prevailes not, then purge him
with this drinke, after that he hath fattedalonenight. Take of Aloes one ounce, of Aga-
rickehalfe an ounce, of Lycoras and Annis fcedes of eacha dram, beaten to powder,and 5o |
let him drinke it witha quart of white wine lukewarme, and made {weet with a little Hony,
inthe morning fafting; and let him be chafed alittle after it,and be kept warme, and fuffe-
sedto fland on thebit meatleffe two or three houres after and he fhall recouer his health — |
againe quickly.
Ep of
!fcalt, with the heate that coms out of his body, and he wil (hake and trem- 4o
39
| Oftbe:Horfe. — 347 l
Of, ‘fickne/fe in generall, and the Feuer. ; il
N general, ficknes is an oppofit foe to nature, warring againftthe li
agents ofthe body and minde , feeking to confound thofe actions ih
y which vphold and maintaine the bodies flrength and liuely-hood : Markb itt
Who ceucteth to haue larger definition of fickneffe, let him reade ^27 A
Vegeffus Rufius, or'excellent Maifter Blundiuile, who inthat hath bin !
admirably well-deferuing plainefull. For mine owne part, my ia-
y tent isto write nothing more then mine own experience, and what i
T MAR Ihaueapprouedin Horffes difeafes moft auaileable : and firft ofthe ni
Feuer or Ague ina Horffe, though it beca difeafe fcldomeor not atallnoted by our Me- |
channicall Horffe Farriors, who cure many times what they know not, andkil] wherthey
might cure, knew they the caufe : yet Ihaue my felfefeene oflate (both by the demon-
| .— ftate opinions ofothers better learned, and by the effe&s of the difeafe) fome two Hor-
fes which I dare auouch were mightily tormented with a Feaner : though diuers Leeches
had thereof giuen diuers opinions, onefaying it was thebots, by reafon ofhis immode-
|. tate languifhmentéanother affirmed him tobe bewitcht, by reafon of his great fhaking,
heauineffe, and fweating : but I haue found irand approued itto be a Feuer, both in effect,
| © nature; andquality;the cure whercofis thus : forthe originall caufe ofa Feuer, is {urfet,
| breeding putrifa&ioninthe blood:then when his fhaking beginneth,take three new laide d
| — Egges,breake them ina difh, and beate them together, then mixe thereto fiue or fixe |
>
a ==
SEAS
Se
{poonefuls ofex cellent good 4444 vite, and giue ithim in a horne, then bridle him, and 4 |
infome Clofeor Court, chafe him til his (haking ceafe and he beginnetofweat:thenfet — . if
him vp and cloath him warme: And during the time ofhis ficlneffe, giue him no waterto i P
drinke, but before he drinkeit, boile therein Mallowes, Sorrell, Purflaine, of each two of inr
three handfuls. a
As for hisfoode, let itbeefodden Barly,and now andthenalittle Rye inthe fheafeto Y Es mi
| a clenfeand purge him, chiefely if he be drye inwardly and grow coftiue. ThisIhauepro- — . D
ued vneffe&tleffe forthis difeafe, andalfo much auaileable for any other inward fickneffe |
| proceeding either of raw digeftion, too extreame riding, or other furfet. Diuers haue "n
written diverfly of diuers Agues, and I coulde prefcribe receiptes for them, but fince I
haue not beene exberimented inthemal,I meane to omicthem,intending notto exceede
| mine owne knowledge inany thing. "wc Irae de nig
|
|
|
Of the Peftilence. Pies
| esas He Peftilence is acontagious difeafe, proceeding as Pelagonius faith, fortn i
| I ES eM) time of onermuchlabour, heate, colde, hunger, aad fometime offudden
runningafter long reft, or of the retention or holding of ftale orvrine; or plypdevile
of drinking coldewater whiles the Horfle is hot and {weating;for allthefe — : üt. T
* things dobreedecorrupt humors in the Horffes body, whereofthe Pefti- P ni". |
|. lence doth chiefely proceede, or elfe of the corruption oftheaire; poyfoning thebreath, i
| whereby the Beaftes fhould liue; which alfo happeneth fometime ofthe corruption of'e-
|
sa
——
- M3
euill vapors and exhalations that {pring out of the earth;and after great floodes or earth- a
|. quakes,andfometime by meanes of fome cuill diftillation or influence of the Planettes, i |
| . cortupting (ometime the plants and fruits ofthe earth, and fometime diuers kinde of 9 »
|. tell, ahd fometime both men, Women and children, as wee daiely fee by experience, It UN
| © feemeth that this euill or mifchiefe in times pafte came fuddenly, without giuing any wat- i
| go nung, for none of mine Authors doth declare any fignes how toknow whether a Horffe IM
|^. haththis difeafe or not, but onely affirme, thatif one Horfle do. die of it; al his fellowes | | m
| thatbearehim company will follow after, ifthey bee not remedied in time : fo that as fat DENU I
| asTéanlearne, the fudden death of onc or two, firft, muft bee the onely meane to knowe _ d UN MM
| that this difeafe doeth reigne. And theremedy that they giue is this. Firft feparate the | BE ty ch
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34.8
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
whole from the ficke: yea and haue them cleane out of the aire of thofe that be dead, the
bodies whereofas Vegetias faith, if they benot deep buried, will isfedal the reft. And let
them blood as wel inthe neck,as inthe mouth, & then giue them this drink:take of Gen-
tian, of Ariftoloch, of Bay berries, of Myrrhe, ofthe fcraping of Iuory, of eachlikequan-
- tity, beatetliem into fine powder, and giue as welltothe fickeas tothe whole, whome.
ou would preferuc from this contagion, euery day a {poonefull ortwo of this powder .
ina pinte of good wine, folong as you thall fee itneedefull. This medicine before rehear- ;
fed,is called.ofthe ancient writers Diapente, that ey 3a compofition of fine fimples a
and is praifedto be a foueraigne medicineand preferuatiue againft al inward difeafes,and
therefore they would haue fuchas trauell by the way, to carty of this powder alwaies a- 1e
bout them.
There be many other Medicines which Ileaue to write, becaufe if I(hould rehearfe
euery mans medicine, my booke would be infinite, I for my part would vfe no other then
either that before expreffed, or elfe wine and treacle oncly.
Of tbe difeafes in the bead.
He head is fubie&to diuers difeafes according to the diuers pattes thereof: forin.
^|. the pannicles or little fine skins cleauing to the bones, and couering the braine, do
moft properly breed headach and-migram. Againe in thefubftance of the braine
Blundevile
(which ina Horffe isasmuch in quantity as isalmoftthe braine ofa meane hog)dobreede
the Frenfie, madneffe, fleeping euill, thepalley andforgetfulneffe. Finally, in the ventri-’
cles or celles of the braine, and in thofe condu&sthrough which the fpiritsannimall doe
giue feeling and mouing to the bod
thenight mare, the Apoplexy;the p
Rheume, which ina Horffeis called che Glaunders, but firft ofheadach,
C
:
^ Ofheadeach.
y,do.breede the turnfick or ftaggers, the faling euill,
alfie, and the conuulfion or Cramp, the Catarre or
* s
foe!
,
F7 He headeach, either commeth offome inward caufes : as offome cholerickhumor,,
| bredinthe pannicles of the braine, or.elfe offom outward caufe, as of extream heat
or cold, offome blow, or of fome violent fauour. Ewmelus faith , that it commeth of
raw digeftion : but Martin faith moft commonly of cold: the fignes be thefe. The Horfle
will hang downe his head, andalfo hang downe his eares, his fight willbe dimme , his eies
fwollen and waterifh, and he will forfakehis meat, The,cure. Let him bloode in the palat
of his mouth. Alfo purge his head with this perfume.’ Take of Garlike ftalkes a handfull,
all to broken in fhort pieces, and a good quantity of Frankencenfe, and being put intoa
chafingdifh of freth coales;holde the chafingdiíh vnder the Horfles Noftrils, fo asthe
furne may afcende vp into his head: andinvfing him thusonce or twice; it wil make him 40
/ tocaftarthenofe,and fo purge his head ofal filth. Pelogoniust: aith,thatitispoodto pouer '
into his Noftrils:wine, wherein hath beenefodden Euferbium ; Céntuary,and Franken-
celice c 10515
-pireen
. S ) j
AMISZZZ AR
DEZ
«Of the frenzy andmadnafe a Hof,
j
ü
st
dewey) "HeleimedPhyficians dotnake diuers kindes, as well of frenfie, as of mad-
! EU neffe, which are not needéfüllto be recited, fith I could neuerread’ in any
Author norleaine ofany Ferrer,that a horffe were fübie&t to the one halfe
ofthem. Abfirtus, Hieracles, Enmelus, Pelaganias,and Hippocrates, do white
fimply defurere c rabie: that istofay, ofthe madneffe ofa Horffe. But jn-
deede uegetins inhis fecand booke of horfeleach-craft, feemeth to make foure mad paffi-
ous belon ging toa Horlfe, intitüling his Chapters inthis fort, Ze Apprefo, de Frenetico, de
Cardiatis de Rabio[o the effects wherof though Ifearemeitwil be to no-
to content ft aps haüe read the Author as welas I my felfe, I wil heere briefly re.
19,
Tp
eagle the fame. ^
z
contentfuchas perh
5
no great purpofe,yet
20:
30
59
| i
| Of the Horffe. | 24. i
When fome naughty blood (faith he) doth ftrikethe filme or pannacle of thebrain,in
one part onely,and maketh the fame grieuoully to ake, then the beatt becommeth 457;- i
ofwm, that isto fay, as it feemeth by his owne words next following, both dul of mind and |
of fight. This word Appio/um, isa frange word, and notto be found againein any other ‘|
Author,and becaufe.in this paffion, the one fide of the head is onely grieved, the Horfle
turneth round, as though hewent ina Mill. But when the poyfon of fuchcorrupt blood
dothinfe& the mid braine, then the Horfe becommeth Frantike,and willleape and fling, TH
and wil rnn againftthe wals. And if [uch blood filleth the vaines ofthe ftomach, or breaft, i ,
- thénitinfeð as well the heart asthe brain, andcaufethalienation ofmind,and thebo- ae
vo dy to fweate, and this difeafe is called of Vegetius, Pajfocardtaca, which if Equus Appiofus 8 WU
| chance to haue,thenhe becommeth Rabrofus , that 1s tofay, ftarke mad. For faith he, by a
| ouermuch heat of the liuer and blood, the vaines, andartires of the heart are choked v . |
| for griefeand paine whereof the Horffe biteth himfelfe,and gnaweth his owne flefh. D!
Oftwo forts of mad horfes, I beleeue I haue feene my felfe heere in this Realme. For I |
|
| fawoncea black Sweathland Horffe ‘as I tooke him to be)in my Lord of Hunfdons fiable
| at Hunfdon, comming thither by chance with my Lord Morley, which Horffe would
| — ftand all day long biting ofthe manger, and eat little meate or none, fuflering no manto
| — aprochvatohim,by which his doings,and partly by his colour and complexion, I iudged
him to be vexed withamelancholy madneffe, called ofthe Phyfitians, Mawia,or rather |
2o Melancholia, which commeth ofa corrupt Melancholy, and filthy blood or humor,fom- a
time fpred.throughout althevaines of the body, and fometimes perhaps remaining only 4
inthe head, or elfe inthe fpleene, or places next adioyning. The other mad Horffe was a "
Roane of Maifters Afhleies, maifter of the Jewell houfe, which with his teeth cruthed his i
maifters right forefinger in pieces, whileft he offered him a little hay to eate, whereby hee x
loftina manner the vie of his whole hand,tothegreat griefe ofal hisfriends and alfo ofal ate
the mufes, which were wont to be much delighted with fuch paffing fweete mufick as that Han
his fine quauering hand could fometime make vpon diuers inftrumentes,but efpecially UNE
vpon the Virginals. d Kk
This Horffe I fay thoughhe could eat his meat, dtinke his drink, and fleepe : yet if hee
o Were neuerfo little offended, he would take on like a {pirit,and both bite and ftike atany AM
manthat came nigh him: yeaand would bite himfelfe by the (houlders moft terribly.pul SM" |
ling away lumps of fleth, fo broad as a mans hand : and whenfoeuer hewas ridden, he was IIN a
faine tobe mufled witha muffell of iron, made of purpofe to keepe him from biting either an
of his rider or himfelfe, which no doubt proceeded offome kinde of frenzy or madnes, | EN
whereunto the Horfle wa fubie&,by meanes that hotblood (as I take it) abounded ouer- E i
| — muchin bim. But now as touching the caufes; fignes, and cure of Horffes madnefle, you
| — fhalhearethe opinion of old writers : for Martin neuer tooke fuch curein hand; Abjirtus,
'andthe other Authors before mentioned fay, that the madneffe of a Horffe commeth ei- E
| — ‘ther by meines offome extreame heat taken by traueling,or long ftanding in the hot fun, ee ie
or elfe by cating ouer many fitches, orby {ome hot bloode reforring tothe panicles of a gt
49 thebrain or through aboundance of choler remaining in the vaines;or elfe by drinking of ae ee
Íome vety ynwholfome water. The fignes bee thefe, he wil bite the manger, and his owne
body, andrun vpon euery man thatcomes nigh him, he will continually fhake his eares,
and flare with his eies,and fomeat the mouth : and alfo as Hipocrates faith, hee will forfake
his meatand pine himfelfe with hunger.
The cure. Caufe him to be let blood in his Legs aboundanly, whichis doone (as I take
it) to diuert the bloode from his head. Notwithftanding it were notamiffe, to lethim
bloodin the Neck and breftvains. Then giue him this drinke: rakethe roots of wildCow- M
cumber,and boile itin harfhred wine,& put thereuntoalitle Nitre, and giueit him witha ° ma wi
horn lukwarm :orifyou can get no Cucumber, then take Rue,& Mints, and boile them fi
inthe wine. It were not amiffe alfo to addethereunto a handfull ofblacke Elleborus, for
thatisa very good herbe againft madnes. E umelitus (aith, that ifyou giue him mans dung
in wine to drink 5. mornings together; wil heale him:alfo to take of black Elleborus2.or
E
——
6
| — 3,handfuls,& boile it ina fufficient quantity of ftcong vineger, &therwith rub and chafe Vt M. M | i"
| — bothhishead andall hisbody once or twice a day, forthe oftner his head is rubbed the a) Le
| Hh better NS I |
> ane”
es
QU S
t
id
n
"TAM
I
|
ee
Markham.
Blundevile
Markham.
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
better, and often exercife is very profitable to al his body. Some againe would hauethe
skin of his head to be pierced in diuers places with an hot iron, to let out the euillhumors:
but ifaone ofall this will preuaile, then thelaít remedy: is to geldhim of both his ftones,
or elfe of one atthe leaf, for either that wil heale him or elfe nothing.As touching the di-
etand vfagc ofa mad Horffe, the Authors doe not agree, for fome would haue him kept
ina clofe, darkeand quiet houfe, voyde from allnoife, whichas Abfrews faith; will eicher
make him madder, or elfekill him out of hand, His diet would be thin,thatís to fay: with-
out any prouender, arid chat daie that he isletblood and receiueth his drinke; they would
haue him faft vntilleuen, and then to haue a warme math of Barly meale: yea, methinkes ro
it were notámiffe to feed him only with warm mafhes and hay, and that byalittleatonce --
la
Another of the Head-ache.
vntill he befomewhat recouered.
He Head-acheas moft are opynionated, proceedeth of cold and raft digeftion, the
cure is, takea Goofe feather annointed with Oyle de bay and thruftit vp into the
horfles noftrils,to make him neefe.then take a wreath of Peafe-ftraw or wet bay and
putting firethereunto, hold it vnder the horffes nofe, {fo as thefmoke may afcend vp into
his head, then being thus perfumed, take a knife and pricke bim in the pallat of the mouth,
fo as he may lickevp and chaw his own blood, which done, haue great care in keeping his
head warme,and doubt nothisrecouery. — » nim,
Of the fleeping eull.
His is a difeafe forcing the beaft continually to fleepe, whether he wilor not, taking
his memory and appetite cleane away, and therefore is called of the Phyfitians Ze-
thargus, it proceedeth of aboundance of flegme moiftening the brain ouermuch
Itis eafie toknowit, by the continuall fleeping ofthe Horffe. The cure of this difeafeac-
cording to Pelagonius Vegetius, and others; is in this fort. Let him bloode in. thenecke,
and then giuc him this drinke : Take of Camomileand Motherwort, of each two or three
handfuls,and boile them ina fufficient quantity of water and put thereunto a little wheat
bran, falt and vineger,and let him drinke a pinte ofthat euery day, the{pace of three or
foure daies together. Itis good alfo to perfume and chafe his hed, with Time & Peniroy-
allfodden together in vineger,or with Brimttone and feathers burned vpon a chafingdifn
ofcoales vnder his nofe :andto prouokehim toneefe, by blowing pepperand Pyrethre
beaten to powder, vp into hisnoftrils : yea and to aunoint the palate of hismouth, with
Hony and Muftard mingled together, and in his drinke, which would be alwaies warme
water; to put Parfly feede, and Fennell feede, to pronoke vrine. His Legs alfo would bee
bathed, and hishooues filled with wheat bran, falc, and vineger, fodden togither, and laid
too fo hotas heemay indure it,and in any cafe fuffer him not to fleepe butkeepe him
waking and flirring, by continual crying vnto him,or pricking -him with fome fharp thing
that cannot paffe through the skin, orelfe by beating bim with a whip, and this doing he
fhall recouer. P ]
Another of the fleeping etiill.
He flecping euil in ahorffe, differeth nothing from that which the Phyfitians cal the
Lethargy in men, for it prouoketh the horffe to fleep continually, without dififting,
robbing his memory and appetite of their qualities : the knowledge thereof is eafily
knowne by his drowfineffe,and the cure in this fort: Let one ftand by him,and either with
fearefull noife or ftripes, perforce keepe him waking : then lethim bloode vnder the eies,
and in thenecke,and then takealeafe or two of the beft Tabateo, which being dryedand
beaten to powder, witha quill blow it vp into his noftrils, and gine him to drinke vineget,
falc, and Muftard mingled well together to which if you putalittle Honye, it fhall not
be
20
30
jo
Of the Horfje.
beamiffe: and alfo whet he drinketh any water, put thereto eithér Fennel-feedes, Anny- |
feedes or Pepper. »whstió
Ofa Horffe that istaken.
T MA P
2
Horffe is faid to be taken when heis depriued of his feeling and mouing, fo as he is 5 landevile
ableto ftir no manner of way, but remaineth in fuch flateand forme,as he was taken -
in. Which difeafeis called ofthe Phyfitians by the Greeke name Catalep/is, and in .
Latine Deprehenfio, or Congelatio and of Vegetius, Sideratio,which alfo calleth thofe beafts
19 that haue this difeafe Jumenta fideratitea. The phyfitiansfay, that ic commeth of aboun-
dance of Phlegme and choler mixt together, or ele of melancholy blood whichis a cold
dry humor opreffing the hinder parts of the brain. But Hegetiws {aich,thatit coms of forse
extreame outward cold, ftriking fodainely into theempty vaines, or fome extreameheate
or raw digeftion, or elfe offome great hunger, caufed by long fafting. It is eafie to knowe
by the deícription before mentioned. | | | Mur n
As touching the cure Vegeriss faith, that ifitcome of colde, then it is goodto giue.,
him to drinke, one ounceof Laferpitium, with Wineand Oyle mixt together, and made’
lukewarme : if of heat, then to give it him with water and hony : if of crudity, then to heale
him by fafting :ifof hunger, then by feeding him well with Peafe, But Martin faith, that
| 2© this difeafe is called ofthe French-men Suyprins,and it commeth(aShe faith) moft chiefly
ofcold takenaftera hear, & he wifheth ahorfle thatis thus taken, to be cured inthis fort.
Firft to be letblood on both fides of thebreaft, andthen tobe put ina heat either by con-
tinuall ftirring and molefting him, or elfe ifhe wil ftir by no meanes, then to bury him all:
faue the head in a warme dunghil;and ther to fet him lie vntil bis limbs haue fome feeling. :
And before youfo bury him, it fhallbe good to giue him this drinke. Take of Malmfie
three pints, and putthereuntoa quarterne of Suger, and fome Cinamon and Cloues,and
lethim drinke it good and warme, and vntill he be perfectly whole, let him bekept warm,
and often exercifed and walked vp and down in the ftable, and thinly dieted, and drink no-
thing but warme water, wherein if you putfomeFennelland Parfly feed,to proucke him:
| 3? rovrinesit thal be che better. And ifhe cannot dung, let him bee raked, and hauea glifter:
made of the broath of Mallowes and frefh Butter.
- Another of a Horffe that is taken.
Horffe which is bereft of his feeling, moouing or ftirring, is faid to be taken, and in
A curt fo he is, in that heis atrelted by fo vallainous a difeafe, yet fome Farriors not
wel vnderftanding the ground of the difeafe,confter the word taken, to bee ftciken
by fome Plannet or euill fpirit, which is falfe, for it proceedeth of too great aboundance
_ of femeand choler,fimboliz‘d togethes, the cure is thus.Let him blood in his fpur vains ,
and his breaft vaines,and then by foulding him in aboundant number ofcloaths, driuc
him into an extreame {weat, during which time of his fweating,let one chafe his legs with
oyle de bay,then after he hath {weat the fpace of two houres, abate his cloaths moderatly,
and throughly after he is dry, annoint himall quer with Oyle Petrolinm, andia twice of
thrice dreffing him he wil be found.
Of the Staggers.
Hisisa dizzineffe ofthe head, called in Latine vertigo, and ofthe Italiansas | te- pyuydevile
jo member Capiftura, Iccommeth offome corrupt bloode, or groffe and tough hu-
mors oppreffing the brain, from whence proceedeth a vaporous fpirit,diffolued by
a weake heat, which troubleth all the head. Thefignes bethefe 5 dimneffe of fight, theree-
ling and ftaggering of the Horffe, who for very pain wil chruft his head againít the walles,
and forfake his meate. The cure according to Mar/iz is thus.
Ah Hh 2 Let
Markhap.
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Markham.
Blundevile
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Let him blood inthe temple vaines, and chen withaknife make anholean inch long
ouerwart his forehead, hard vnderneath his fore-top, and raife the skinne witha Cornet;
thrufting it vpward towards the head-ftalea good handfull, and then put ina taint diptin
Turpentine and hogsgreace molten together, renewing the taint euery day once vatillit
be whole, and do the like vpon the ridge of the rampe, but methinkes it were better to do
the like, inthe powle of his head, or nape ofhis necke, for fo fhould the euil humors haue
both waies the eafter and fpeedier paflage: and as touching his dyet, let him haueconti-
nually warme drinke, and mafhes, and once a day be walked vp and downe faireandfofily
to exercife his body.
Of the Staggers.
He Staggers is a dizy difeafe. breeding frenzy in a Horffe, which ifit benotinftant-
ly helped, is mortali :thecureisthus. Let him blood inthe temple vaines, and then
aply to his temples cloath wet in the iuyce of Garlike,and Aqua vite mixt together :
if you crufh Garlike and putitin his eares, itis excellent : or if you flithis forehead, and
loofening the skin from the bone, taintit with Turpentine and Sallet-oyle, it will vndoub-
tedly help him.
Of the falling eui.
His isa kind of convulfionor crampe, called of the Latins by the Greek name Epi-
lepfia, in Italian, Z/morbo caduco, depriuing thebeaftat certaine times, and fora cer-
taine {pace of the vfe of feeling, hearing and fecing, and ofalthe other fenfes. And
although it bea difeafe that hath bin feldome feene to chance vnto Horfes of this Coun-
trey, yet itappearethby Ab/rrus, and allo by Vegetivs,and diuers others, that Horffes be
fubie& therunto. For Ab/irtus writing to his friend Tiberius Claudius faith, that vnto hor-
feschanceth many timesthe falling fickneffe. The fignes whereofarethefe. The Horffe
will fall down fuddenly,partly through therefolution of his members, and partly through
_ diftenfion of his sinnewes, and al hisbody will quiver and quake,andfomtime he wil fome
atthe mouth. Vegetins againe writeth in this fort : by a certaine courfe ofthe Moonehor-
20
fesand other beafts many times do fal, and die fora timeas wel as men. The figns wherof 39
arethefe. Being fallen, their bodies wili quiver and quake, and their mouths will fome, and
when a man would thinke thar they would die out of hand,they rife fuddenly vp and fal to
their meat. And by feeling the griftle of their Noftrils with your finger, you thall know
whether they wil fal often or not: for the more cold the griftle be,the oftner, and the leffe
cold it be, the feldomer, they wil fal. The cure.
#* Lethim bloode aboundantly in the necke vaines, and within fiue daies after let him
blood againe in the temple vaines and let him ftand in a warme and darke ftable,and an^
noint al his body with comfortable ointments, and his head and eares with O yleof Bay,
and liquid Pitch or Tar, mingled together. And alfo put fometherof into his eares, and
andthen make a Biggen for him of fome foft warm skin,as ofa fheepes skin, or els of can.
uas, ftuffed vnderneath with woll, and make him this purging drink. Take of Radifh roots
two ounces, ofthe root ofthe herb called in Latine Pazax or panaces, andof Scammony,
of eachone ounce, beate al thefe things together, and boile them ina quart of Hony, and
at fundry times as you fhal fee it needefull, giue hima good fpoonefull or two of this ina
quart of Ale lukewarme, whereunto would be put three or foure fpoonefuls of oyle. Itis
goodalfoto blowthe powder of Motherwort, or of Pyrethrum, vp into his noftrils, and
ifthe difeafe do continue ftil for al this, thenit (hal be needeful to pearfe the skinne ofhis
forehead in diuers places with a hotiron, andtolet out the humors oppreffing his braine.
of the nigbt Mare.
His is a difeafe oppreffing either man or beaft inthe night feafon when he fleepeth,
fo as he cannot drawe his breath, and is called ofthe Latines zseubus. It commeth
ofa continual crudity or raw digeftion of the ftomach, from whence grofle vapors
afcen-
40
a
| 40
Of the Horffe.
afcending vp into the head, do oppreffe the braine, and al the fenfitiue powers, fo as the
cannot do their office, in gining perfe& feeling and mouing to the body.: And if this dif-
eafe chanciag often toa man, be not cured in time, it may perhaps growtoa worfe mif-
chiefe;as to the faling euil, madneffe, or Apopelexy. But I could neuer learne that Hor-
fes werefübiect tothis difeafe, neither by relation, nor yet by reading but only inan old
Englith writer, who fheweth neither caufe nor fignes, how to know whenakorfle hathit,
but onely teacheth how to cure it with a fond foolifh charme, which becaufe ic may per-
haps make you gentle Reader to laugh, aswel as it did me, for recreation fake I will heere
- rchearfe it. Take a flint ftone that hath a hole of his owne kinde, and hang it ouer him, and
10
26
mH
writeina bill.
|o qnnominepatris , Oe.
Saint George our Ladies Knight,
He walked day, fo did he night,
Vatill he her found,
He her beate, and he her bound,
Till truely her troath [be him plight,
That fhe would not come within the night,
There as [aint George our Ladies knight,
caos Naméd was three times, faint George.
And hang this fcriptureouer him, and Jet him alone : with fuch proper charmes asthis is,
the falte Friers in times paft were wont to charmethe mony out of plaine folks purfes.
Of the Apoplexy.
He Apoplexy, isa difeafe depriuing all the whole body of fenfe and mouing. And
if it depriue but part ofthe body, then itis called of the Latines by the Greeke name
Paraly/is,in our tongue apalfie. It proceedes of cold, groffe,and tough humors;op-
preffing the braineall at once, which may breed partly of crudities and raw digeftion, and
partly by meanes of fome hurt in the head, taken by a fall, ftripe, or otherwife. Astouch-
ing Apoplexy, few or none writing of horfleach-craft do make any mention thereof : but
of the Palfie Yegetias writeth in this manner. A Horffe(faithhe) may haue the palfie as wel
as a man, which isknowne by thefefignes. He will go grouelling and fideling likea Crab,
carrying his necke awry, as ifit were broken, and goeth crookedly with his legs, beating
his head again(t the wals and yetforfaketh not his meate nor drink, and his prouender fee-
meth moiftand wet. The cure. Let him blood in the temple vaine, on the contrary fide
- ofthe wrying of hisnecke, and annoint his necke with comfortable ointment, and fplent it
with fplents of woodto make it ftand right, and let him fland in a warme ftable, and giue
him fuch drinks asare recited in the next chapter following. But if all this profiteth not,
then draw his necke with a hot yron onthe contrary fide: that is to fay on the whole fide,
from the neather part of the eare downe to the fhoulders,and drawalfo a good long {trike
on his temple, on that fide and onthe other temple make him alittle {tar in this fort," and
from his raines to his mid backe, draw little lines, in manner ofa ragged flaffe, andthat
willheale hin.
Of the (Crampe or convulfion of the finnewes.
and Mufcles.
Conuulfion or crampe, isa forceable and painefull contra&ion or drawing toge-
ther of the finnewes and Mufcles which doe happen fometime through the whole
body, and fometime but in one part or member only. And according as the body
may be diuerfely drawne, fo do the Phyfitians,and alfo mine Authors that write of horfc-
leach craft, giue it diuersnames. | For ifthe body bedrawne forward, then they callit in
Greeke Emprofthotonas, in Latine Tenfto ad anteriora. And if the body be drawne backe, ic
is called in Greeke Opi/thotonos, in Latine erro ad pefleriora.
Hh 3 But
353
Blusdevile
m iln e Sh rie pi > BES ee ge OE Ss 2
- me ree AM T =
eb
E Mr, Jet Aa do.
=
reri pira oe
u
bi
A118
ihe
T
but
Wig
hh
TET
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ng n
LEM.
rta Ege
Der EON ELE ESL GUIER— ec inim
NS ies
Sed M
^
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beajis.
But ifthebody be farke and ftraite, bowing neither forward, nor backward, then it is
called fimply in Greeke Tetanos,in Latine Diftenfo or Rigor: which names alfo areappli-
edto the like conuulfions ofthe necke. Notwithftanding, Vegetins writing of this dieafe;
intituleth his chapters de Roborofis,a {range terme, and notto be found againe iiraiy o-
ther Author. A conuulfion asTfaid before, may chanceas well to one part or member of
tlie body,as tothe wholebody : as tothe eie, to the skin ofthe forehead, to the rootes of
the congue, to the iawes, to thelips, to thearme, hand or Legge : that i5 today, whenfoe-
uer the finnew ot mufcleferning to the mooutng of that part, is euillaffe&ed or grieued.
Of which conuulfions,though therbe many diucrs caufes : yet Hippocrates bringeththem
allinto two : that is to fay, into fulneffe and emptineffe:for when a conuulfion procee-
deth either offome inflamation offuperluous eating or drinking, or forlacke of due pur-
gation, or of ouermuch reftand lacke ofexercife,allfuch caufes areto be referredtore-
pletion or fulneffe. Butifa conuulíion come by means of ouermuch purging or bleeding,
or much watching, extreame labor, long fafting, or by wounding or pricking of the fin-
newes, thea al fuch caufes areto be referred vnto emptineffe. And if the conuulfion pro-
ceede of fulneffe, it chanceth fuddenly, and all at once, but if of emptyneffe,then it com-
meth by litdeand little ; and leifurely.
Befides thefe kindes of conuulfions, there is alfo chancing many times in a mans fin-
ets, Legges and toes,anotherkind of conuulfion, which may bee, called a windye con-
uulfion, for thacit proceedes of fome gro ffe or rough vapor, entred into the braunches
ofthe finnewes, which maketh them ro: {well likea Lute ftring in moyft weather, which
_though it be very painefullfor the time, yet it may bee foone driuen away, by chafing Or
rubbing the member grieued with a warme cloath. And thiskind of conuulfion or cramp
chanceth alfo many times to a Horfles hinder Legs, ftandingin the ftable.
For I hauefeenefome my felfe, that haue had one of their hinder Legges drawne vp
with the crampealmoft tothe belly fo ftiffe and hard, as no man hath beeneable to ftir it,
neither could the Horffe himfelfe fet it down tothe ground ofa long feafon, which I think
mightbe foone remedied : firft by continuall chafing, fretting, or rubbing his Legs with
a good wifpe, and then by tying vp the other bindér Legge, or elie the forelegge on the
fore fide wherby he fhould be forced to fec down the pained Leg. Thus far I haue difcour- 39
- fed of the Conuulfion of finnewes, and of the caufes therof, according to the opinions of
the learned Phyfitians. Now I wil briefly fhew youthe caufes, fignes, and cure thereof,
NE i
according tothe do&tine of mine Authors that write of horfeleach-craft.
Abjiytus faith, that this difeafe doeth come, eitherby driuing the Horffeintoa fweate
- when he haltech, or for that he hath rroden vpon fome naile, or by taking cold after iour-
nying and {weating in Winter feafon, whereby hislippes are clung together, orbylong
lying and reft after {weating, whereby the finnewes of his forelegges be nummed;or by
hauing fome ftripe of his priuy members, or by long trauelliag in che colde Mountaines,
where fnowe and Ife doth abound. For Theomneftus WN riteth, that comming out of pao-
#ia, with the King and his army, and paffing ouer the Mountaines to goe into Italy, there
fell fuchaboundance of fnow, as not onely many Souldiers dyed, fitting ftillon their hor-
fes backs, with their Weapons in their handes, being fo ftarke and ftifte, and cleauing fo
fat to their Saddles,as they cold no: eafily be pulled out of them : butalfo diuers horfies
in their going were fonu mmed asthey could not bow their legs: yea and fome were found
ftarke dead, ftanding ftilon their feete,and few Horffes or noneefcaped at that time free
from this conuulfion, offinnewes, infomuch that Theommne/tus his owne Horffe whichhe
Joued dearely, was fore vexed therewith. The fignes to know whether a Horffe bee trou-
bled with the conuulfion in the finnewes or not, beerhefe.
His head and necke will befo ftiffeand flarke as hee can bow.it no manner of way, his
cS
Io
29
I eet
49
eares wil fndrightvp, andhis eies will be hollow in his head, andthe flefhy partstherof 59
in the greatcorners, will be turned backward, hislips will be clung faft together, foas hee
cannot open hismouth, and his tongue fo nummed as he can neither eate nor drinke, his
backboneandtaile wil befo ftiffe, as he cannot moue it one way. nor other, and his Legs
fo füiffe, as they will not bow, andbeing layed hee is not able to rife, and fpecially on his
hinder Legges, but falleth downe on his buttockes, likea Dogge when hee fittethon the
ground;
|
|
X E E
At ] M -
key Mw
|
n Gf the Horffe. |
ground, and by meanes ofthe conuulfionin his backe; his bladder alío for neighbour-
hoode fake, fuffereth, whereby che Horffecannot ftale but with great painc. The cure.
Put him intoa fweat, cither by burying him all (aue the head in fome warme dunghill, or
ifhebea horfle of price, cary him into a hot houfe, where is nofmoak, and lethim fweat
there. Then annoint all his body, heade, necke, legges, and allwith oyle of Cypres, and
oile of Bay mingledtogether.Or elfe with one of thefe ointments. Take of Hogs-greace
two pound, of Turpentine halfea pound, of Pepper beaten in powder one dramme, of
new Wax one pound, of olde Oyletwo pound, boile all thefe together, and being made
very watme, annointall his body therewith. Or els with this ointment. Take of new wax
yo one pound, of Turpentine foure ounces, of oile de Bay as much,of Opopanax two oun-
ces, of Deeres fewer and oileof Storarjof each three ounces, melt.al thefe together, and
annointall his body therewith.
Itisgoodalfoto bath his head with the decodtion of Fitches, or els of Lupines, and
make him this drink.Take xx. graines of long Pepper, finely beaten into powder, of Ce-
dartwoounces,of Nitre one ounce;of Lacerpitium asmuch as a Beane, and mingle all
thefetogether witha fufficient quantity of white Wine ; and gine him thereof todrinkea
quart euery Morning and Euening for the {pace of three or foure daies,or elfe this drink.
Take of Opopanaxtwo ounces;of Storar three ounces,of Gentian three ounces,of Man-
na Succarie,three ounces, of Myr one fcruple,oflong Pepper two fcruples,g tue him this
3o with old Wine: ormake hima drinke of Lacerpitium, Cumin, Annis feed; Fenegreeke;
Bay berties,and old oyle. 1032: v
In old timethey were wontto let him bloode in the Temples;which Ahfrtws doth not
alow, faying that it will caufe the finuewes of his lips to dry vp, fo as the horffe being not
ablero moue thém,fliall pine for hunger. As touching his diet,giue him atthe firft warm
mafhes,and fuch foft meat as he may eafily get down,and wet haie, bringing him to har-
der food by little and little. Andinany cafe, lethim beikept very warme, andridden or
walked oncea day to exercife his legges andlims.Theomneftus cured his horffe; as he fai- -
etb;by placing him ia a warm ftable, and by making acleer fire without any fmoak round
about him, and the horffe not being ableto open hisiawes of himfelfe, hee caufed his
o mouth tobe opened, and putthereiníops dipt ina confedion called Emtrigonconditum,
andalío annointed al his bodie witha medicine or ointment called Acopwm (the making
whereof herafter followeth) diffolued in Cypres oile, which made himto fal into a fweat,
and being before halfe dead and more, brought himagaineto his feeling and mouing,fo
as he did rife and eat his meat.
Of: the (rampe or convulfions of | the Sinnewes
or Mufcles.
=) Convulfion or cramp,isa forcible drawing together of the finnewes;
i /|| sometimes vüiuerfally ouer che whole bo dy as I haue feene one horffé
in my life time,and sometimes but in one part or member, as 7 haue
ly, either natural,or els accidental : natural,as proceeding of cold win-
die humours ingendred inthe body, and disperfed into thofe partes,
worke therethe effects of greeuance.Accidental,isby wounding or pricking the finnews
ofwhich immediatly eafuetha convulfion.Ifit be naturall,and the difease generally dis-
perfedsthen the cure is thus:dig a great deep holein fome old dunghil,& there bury him
all faue the head, fo as he may fweate there for the {pace of two houtes at the leaft,then
o takehim out, and anoint his body all ouer with Narueoile, Turpentine, and Deares fu-
et mingled together on the fire; and bathe his heade inthe iuice of Rueand Camo mile.
Then giue him to drinke old Ale brewd with Sinamon, Ginger, Fenecreeke andlong
Pepper: of each three ounces. As for his dyet, let it be warme mafhes, fodden wheat and
hay, thoroughly carded witha pairc of wool cards : let him be kept veric warme and ay-
red abroad oncea daic at the leaft. i
$
knowne andhelpt diuers. Thefe convulfions hauc two grounds, name- . -
$5
NM L
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TT
os
MÀ
ME MESE
xg
CER re REN CS:
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mme RARE
[o D RR
A
Blundevile
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Ifthis convulfion be not onely in one member, thenitis fufficientif euery daye with
hard ropes of hay or ftraw you rub and chafe that part exceedingly, and apply thereto a
fittle quantity of the oyle Pepper. If theconvulíion be. accidental, proceeding offome
hurt,whereby the finnews is wounded or prickt, then {hal you incontinently take vp the
finnew fo wounded, fearching the wound with great difcretion, andcut it’ cleane infun-
der, then thal you endeuor to healevp the fame with vaguents,plaifters & balms,as fhall
be hereafter mentioned inthe chapters of wounds and vicers, of what kind or nature foe:
uer.
Ofthecoldinthe head.
fi ) eg 19
Ccording to the cold which the horffe hath taken, is new or old; great or fmall,and
alío according as humors doabound in his head,andasfuch humors be thicke or
thin; fois the difeafe more orleffe daungerous. For f the -horflecafteth little orno
matter outof his nofe, nor hath no very great cough but onely heauy in his heade, and
perhaps lightly cougheth now and then, it is a figne chat he is {topped in the head; which
we were wont to call the pofe.But ifhis head be ful of humors congeald by fome extream
cold taken of long time paft,andthat he cafteth fowle filthy matter out atthe nofe, and
cougheth greeuoufly,then it isa figne that hee hath either the Glaunders; or the Stran-
gullion, mourning of the cheine, or confumption of the lungs; Forallfuch difeafes doe
breed forthe moft partofthe Rhueme or diftillation that commeth from the head. Of 20
the cures whereof we leaue to fpeake , vntill wecometo talke of the difeafes in the throat,
minding heere to fhew you howto healethe pofe orcolde before mentioned,
-. Martin faith, itis good to purge his head, by perfuming him with Frankencence,and
alfo to prouoke him toneeze by thrafting two Goofe feathers diptinoyle de Bay vp in-
co his noftrils and then totrot him vppe and downe halfe an houre, for thefe feathers will
make him to caftimmediatly at the nofe.Laurentins Rusfrus would haue him tobe perfu-
Markham. 15 :
med with Wheat, Penneroyal,and fage sodden well togither and put intoa bag fo hot as
may be, which bagge would be fo clofe faftened to his head, that all the fauourthereof
may afcend vp into his noftrils, and hisheadalfo would be couered'and kept warme:and
to prouoke himto neeze, he would haue youto bind afoft cloutannointed withfope;or 30
els with Butter and oyle de Bay vnto a flicke, and tothruft that vp and downe iato lis no-
flrils,fo highas you may. conueniently goe, and let him be kept warm and drink no cold
water. Yea, it íbalbe good forthree or foure daies,to boile in his watera little. Fenegreck,
wheate meale,andafew Annis feeds. And euerie daie after that you hauepurged his head
by perfuming him, or by making him to neeze, caufe him to be trotted vp and downe,
either in the warme Sunne,or els in the hou(c halfean hour, which wouldbe done before
you water him, and giue him his prouender.
Of the cold in the head,
49
vw He pofe or coldinahorffe,is the moft generall difeafe that hapneth, and
z*oX9- istheeafieft perceiued, both by ftopping, ratling in the nofe, and cough-
ride himforth;andtotrot him vp and downe very faft ullhis cold break, and then gently
to gallop him alittle, which moderate exercife with warme keeping will quickly recouer
him againe 5 butif the cold hath had long refidencein him, and ftill encreafeth,then you
fhall giue him this drinke three daies togither. _ Take of trong Ale one quart, of thebeft
Treakle fix penniworth, of long Pepper and graines, ofeachas much beaten to powder, $9
ofthe inice of Garlicke two fpoonefuls, boile allthefetogither, and giueit the horffe to
drinke,fowarme as he may füffer it,and then trotte him vp and downe by the fpace ofan
houre or more, and keepe him warme, giuing him to drinke no cold water.
e*sv52374| butto keepe him warme euery Morning and Euening after his water, to
of
Of the Horffe. >> 337 | j
|] Of tbe difeafes of tbe eies.
|
| Orffeseies be fubie&to diuers griefes, as to bewateri(h or blood-(hotten, tobee glusdevile n
Im . dim of fight, tohauethe pin and web,andthe haw whereof fome comes of inward |
| eaufes,as of humors reforting to the eies,and fome of outward, as of cold, heate,
| or firipe.
| Of: weeping or watering eies.
{
| 1e his,as Laurentius Ru/sius {aith,may come fometime by confluence of humors,and l
Íometime by fome ftripe, whofe cure Ileaue to recite, becaufe it doeth not differ 1
| much from Martins experience heere following : take of Pitch, Rofen and Mattick, 1
| alike quantity, melt them togither. Then with a little fticke, hauinga clout bound tothe ; i
| endthereof and dipt therein, anoint che Temple vaines on both sides,a hand fulaboue |
| the eies,as broad asa Teftern, and then clap vnto it immediately a few flockes of like co- |
four to the horffe, holding them clofe to his head with your hand,vntill they, fticke faft vn- 1 TODA
to his head, then let him blood on both sides (if both sides be infected) a handfull vnder | MCA
theeies. Rus/ivs alfo thinketh it good to wath his eies oncea day with pure white wine, | ELE tae
and then to blow therein alittle of Zartarnm,and of Pomis ftone, beaten into fine pow- i
29 der. |
| Of watering eyes.
| VV Atering eies commeth moft commonly infome ftripe or blowe, andthe cure is Markham.
| -. xhus.Lay vnto his Templesa plaifter of Turpentine and Pitch molten together,
i
|
| thenwath his cies with white Wine, and afterward blow the pouder of burnt Allomeinto _ l
thefame. | | :
Of bloud_fhotten eies, alfo for a blow, or itching E
and rubbing inthe eies.
39 Artin neuer vfedany other medicine, then this water heere following, wherewith JU M an E
he didalwaies healethe forefaid griefes : take of pure Rofe water,of Malmefie, of Blundevile THETSE,
Fennel water,of eachthree fponfuls, of Tutia as much as you can easily take with Hh | | :
your thumbeand finger, of cloues a dozen beaten into fine powders minglethem toge- .__ / - » B
ther, and being luke warme, or cold if you will, wath the inward part ofthe eie! with a fea- 1 4a
ther dipt therein twicea day vntill he be whole. Rus/iws faith that to bleudfhotten cies it
is good to lay chewhite of an Egge, orto wafh them with the iuice of Selidonye.
| c eAnother of blood-[Dotten eies, or any other fore eie, comming - Mura
| ofrume of other humor. | | | li i J
E e Or any fore eye make this water take ofthe water of Eye-bright, of Rofewater, and Mar kham, it min |
| Malmefey, of each three fpoonefuls, of Cloues 6. or feauen beaten to fine powder; i UM
of the inice of Houfelicke two fpoonefuls, mix all thefe togither and wath the horffes | Nu. ]
cies therewith oncea day, and itwill recouer him.
Of dimneffe of fight, and alfo for the pin and web, or any other [pot CaN tg | |
[ |
inthe eie.
| Eum] F the horffe be dim ofsight, or hath any pearle growing inhis eie, or thin film “ 3l dà
| zm couering the ball of his eie, than £45//7s would haue youtake of pomis ftone p/usdevile hi Hn E
| 50 [ERE of Tartarüm, and of fal Gemma, of each like weight, and being beaten into ir a
| very fine powder toblow alittle of that in his eie, continuing fo to do euerie | | TER EN
| daie once or twice, vntill he be whole. Martz faith, that hee alwaies vfed to blow a little WM Hi "M | 2
| fandiuoire into the eie once a day which simple heaffirmeth co be of fuch force, asit will it DTE, |
| breake any pearleor web in (hott fpace, and make the eie very cleare and faire. Rus/iue W | |
| . among(t anumber of other medicines, praifeth moftal the pewder ofa blacke flint ftonc. RS M
m Dn
| ü i
| ; ee Ul | 4
| | i ——_ |
RUN aE TINO T ITE E
i
Peri 1
558 The Hifory of Fowre-fosted Be
Of the Pin and Web, and other dnneffe. .. ^
Markham. Peor tocurethePinne, Web, Peatle,Fylme, or other dimneffé;vfe this meaites folloz
wing: Take of Sandiuere,the powder of burnt Allom, andthepowder of black Flint:
ftone of each like quantity : and once a day blowalitdethereofintocthe horffss eye, and
it willweare away fuchimperfec&t matter, and make the cie cleere. ret se
Of the Ha», called of the Italians,
" Al onghia de eli octhi; EY P
whe
His isa griftle couering fometime more then onehalfe of the eie. It proceedeth
Blundevile of groffe and tough humours, difcending out of the heade, which Haw, as Martin
faith, would be cut away in this fort.Firft pull both the eyelids open with two feue-
ralIthreds,ftitched witha needleto either ofthe lids. Thencatch holde of the Haw with.
another needle andthred, and pullit out fo far as you miay cutre it round the bredth ofa
penny, andleaue the blacke behind.For by cutting away too much of the fat and blacke
ofthe eie; the horffe many times becommeth blear eied.And the haw being clean taken
away, fquirta littie white wine or beere into his eie. CEMEUTTOTSTARTO REGAT uen
eA nother of the Haw.
$i Hawisa groffegriffell growing vader the eyeofa hoxffe; and couering more then
Markham. Ace halfe of his {ight 5 which ifhe bee fuftered will in fhorctime perrifh: thecie: the
cure isthus, Lay your thumbe vnder his eie,in the very hollow, then with younfin-
ger pull downethe lid, and with a fharpe needle and thred take hold of the haw,and pluc-
king it out, witha fhatpeknife cutitaway the compaffe of a penny, or more, that done,
wath the eie withalittleBeere. © 29:5 9° 2h 50180 |
iis Of Lunaticke cies. LEE wa 7d |
Egetius writeth De oculo lwnarico, but he fheweth neither caufenor fignes thereof,
Blundevile | but onely faith that the old men tearmed it fo, becaufe it maketh the eie fometim
tolooke as though it were couered with white, and fometime cleare. ib SED
Martin faith, that the horffe that hath this difeafe, is blind at certain times of the Moone,
infomuch thathe feeth almoftnothing atall during that time, and then his eyes will look
ellowifh : yea, and fomewhat reddith, which difeafe according to Martiz, isto becured
in this fort.Firftvfe the plaifter mentioned before in the chapter of waterifh or weeping
eies, in fuch order asis there prefcribed,and then witha fharpe knife make two flittes on 4o
both fides of his head an inchlong, fomewhat towardes the nofe, a handfull beneath the -
cies, not touching the vaine : and with a cornet loofen the skinne vpward the breadth ofa
groat, andthrufttherein a tound peece ofleather, as broadas a two penny peece, Witha
hole in the middeftto keepethe whole open, and looke to it oncea day, thatthe matter
may not be flopped, but continually runthefpace often daies, then takethe leather out,
and heale the wound with alittle flax diptinthe falue heere following: Take of Turpen-
tine, of hony, of wax, of cach like quantity, and boile them togither, which beinga little
warmed, wil be liquid to ferue your purpofe,and take not away the plaifters from the tem
ples vatil they fal away ofthemfelues which being fallen, then witha {mal hot drawinge
yron, makea ftarreia the midft of each Temple vaine wherethe plaifter did lie. Which 59
ftar would hauea holein the middeft made with the button end of your drawing yron.
520 |
Another of lunaticke or moone cies.
Markham. Q! thefe Lunaticke eyes, I, haue. knowne diuers : they are blindeat certainetimes
A of the Moone, they are very redde, fiery, and full of filme: they come’ with
ra ~ Ouer-
20
40
Of tbe Horffe.
ouer-riding, and extraordinary heat and fury; the cure ofthemis dtsdagkobon'thà
Temples of his heada plaifter of Pitch, Rozen, and Maftickmolten togither very excee-
ding hot:then witha little round yron made for the purpofe, burne three or foure holes
an jnch or more vnderneath his eies, andannoint.thofe holes euery day with Hogges
greace, then putivinhis cies eucry day witha little Hony, and in fhort time he wil reco-
uerhisfight. ^^ ^" ) Dislasr
Of the Canker tm tbe eie.
34 His commeth ofaranke and corrupt blood difcending from the head into
| theeie. The fignes: You (hall fee red pimples, fome fmall,and fome! great,
and be full of corrupt matter- The cure according to Martinis thus. Firfte,
| lethimbloodonthatsidethe necke thatthe eieis greeued, the quantity of
apottle, Thentake of Rochalum, of greene Coporas ofeach half a pound, of white Co-
potas one ounce, andboile them in thtce pints of running water ; vntillthe halfe be con-
firmed, then take it from the fire, and oncea day wath his eie with this water being made
loke warme with a fine linnen cloath,and clenfethe eietherewith fo oftas it may look raw,
contitiuing this todo euery day vntillit be whole.
Of difcafes incident to the eares, and poll of the
| ^71: head; and firftofan Impoftume in the |
Jii Care.
Mpoftumes breed cither by reafon of fomeblow or brusing,
or els of euil humors congealed in the eare by fome extream
colde, the signes bee apparant, by the burning and paincfull
{welling of the eareand partthereabout. The cureaccording
to Marti isinthisfort. Firft, ripe the impoftume with this
plaifter. Take of Linefeed beaten into powder, of wheat Flo-
wer; of each halfeapint, ofhonya pint, of Hogges greace or
barrowes greace one pound. YWVarme al thefe thinges togither
inan earthen pot; and ftir them continuallie with a flat {tick or
flice, vntill they be thoroughly mingled and incorporated togither, and then fpreade
fome of this plaifter being warmevpon a peece of linnen cloath, or foft whiteleather,fo
broad asthe fwellingand no more, andlay it warme vnto it, andfolet it remaine one
wholeday,andthen renewe it with fre(h ointment, continuing fo to doevntillit breake,
then lance the fore, fo that it may haue paffage downeward, and taintit to the bottome
with a taint of dax diptinthis ointment: take of Mel Rofatum, of oyle oliue and turpen-
tine, ofeachtwo ounces, and minglethem togither, andmake hima biggen of Canuas
toclofeinthe fore;fo as the taint with the ointment may abide within,renewing the taint
orca day, vntillit be whole.Butifthe horffe hauc paine in his cares, without any great
{welling or innpoftumation, then thruftin alitle blacke woolldipt in oile of Camomile,
and that will heale it. | |
Of the Poll euill,
| Hisis a difeafe like a Fiftula growing betwixt the eares and the poll or nape of
‘the necke, and proceedeth of euill humors gathered togither in that place ,ot
| els of fomeblow or brufe, for that is the weakeft and tendereft part ofall the
| head, and therefore fooneft offended, which rude Carters do little confider
-
4 7, ( X
9^1
.
v
whlftint
ftocks, and therefore no horffe is more fübiect to this difeafe then the cart horffe,and this
difeafe commeth moft in winter feafon. The fignes, You fhall perceiue it by the {welling
: of
Sone!
ian s
heir fury they beat their horffes vpon that place of the head with their whippe- :
359
both withia and without vponthe eye-lids, andalthe eye will looke redde, 57,,1,./;],
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The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
ofthe place;which by continuance of time will breake itfelfe, rotting more inward then
outward, andthercforeis more perilous ifit be not cured in time ;and the fooner it be ta-
ken in hand the better. The cure according to Martin is thus. Ifitbenor broken, ripeit
witha plaifter ofhogges gréacelaid vntoitfo hotas may bee, and makea biggen forthe
Poll of his head tokeepe it from colde; which biggen would haue woholes open;fo as
hiseares may ftande out, andi renew the plaifter euery day once vntill it breake, keeping
the fore placeas warme as may be.
Andifyou fee that itwill not breakefo foone as youwoulde haue it, then there asit is
fofteftand moft meeteftto be opened, take around hot yron, as big as yourlittle finger,
and (harpeat the point, and two inches beneath that foft place, thruftitin a good deepe-
neffe vpwarde, fovas the point of the yron may come out at the ripeft place, to the intent
that the matter may difcend downeward,and come out at the neather hole;whi ch would
bealwaieskeptopen;and therefore taint it with ataint of flax dipt in hogs greace,and lay
aplaifter of hogges greace alfo vpon the fame, renewing it euery day once the fpace of
foure daies, whichis done cheefely to killthe heat ofthe fire.
_. Thenat the foure daies end, take of Turpentine halfe a pound, cleane wafhed in nine
fundry waters, and after that throughly dried, by thrufting out the Water witha fliceon
thedifhes fide,then put thereunto two yolkes of Egges, and alittle faffron, andmingle
them welltogether : that done, fearch the depth of the hole with a whole quil, and make
ataint of apeece of fpunge,folong asit may reachthe bottome, and fo bigge as it may
fill the wound; andannoint the taint with the aforefaide. ointment, and thruft it into the
wound, either with that quill, or elfe by winding it vp with your finger and thumbe, by li-
tleand little vntill you havethruftit home: and then lay on the plaifter ofhoeges greace
made luke warme, renuing iteuery day once or twice vntilit be whole. But if the fwelling
ceafe, then youneed notto vie the plaifter, but onely to taintit, andas the matter de-
creafeth, fo make your tairit euerie dayeleffer and lefler, vntill the wounde bee perfe&ly
whole.
Of tbe Vines.
Blundevile He Viues becertaine kirnels growing vnder thehorffes care, proceeding of fome
Markham.
handful of Sorrel, and lap it ina Bur-docke leafe, and roaft itin the hot embers likea war-
d. rancke or corrupt bloode reforting tothe place, which within are ful of little white
. grains, like white fale kirnels. The Italians cal them Vinele, which if they bee fuffered
to grow, Laurentius Rusfius faith, that they will greeuoufly paine the horffe in his throat,
foas he thal not beable to {wallow his meat, norto brech- They be eafie to know. forthe
may befelt andalfo feene: The cure according vnto Martis, isin this fort: Firft drawe
them right down in the midftwitha hot yron, trom the root of the ear fo far asthe tip of
the eare wil reach, being puld down :andvnderthe root againe draw two ftrikes on each
fide like a broad arrow head, then in the midft of the firft line launce them with alauncet,
To
29
30
and taking hold of the kirnels with a paire of pinfons, pul them fo far forward, as you may 49
cut the kirnels out without hurting the vaines that done, filthe hole with white falte. But
Hierocles would haue them to bee curedin this fort : takea peece of fpunge’ fowfedwel in
ftrong Vineger, and bind that roche fore, renewing it twice a day vntilit hath rotted the
kirnels, that done,lancethe neathermoft part where the matter lieth, and Jet it out, and
then fillitvp with falt finely brated, andthe next day wafhal the filth away with warm wa-
ter,and annoint the place with honie and fitch-flower mingled togither. But beware you
touch noneof the kirnels with your bare finger for feare of venoming theplace, which is
verie apt fora Fiftula to breed in. !
eA m of. thefQiues.
"He Viuesbe certainekitnels, growing vader the horffes eare; which come of cor-
rupt blood, the cureisdiuerfly fpokeand written of, but this isthe beft meanwhich
Ihaue tried : that if you findethe kernelsto enflame and greeue the horfle, takea
den
5?
ee UR
v
E
Of the Horffe.
|
|
|
| den,then being taken out ofthe fire,apply it fo hotas may be to the fore-part,fuffering ít ! |
toliethereunto the {pace ofa day anda night,and then renew it,till fuch time that it ripen |
|' — andbreakthefore,whichit wil in fhortfpace do. When it is broken and the vilde matter | |
taken away, you fhal healevp the fore place with the yolk ofan Egge, halfe a fpooneful of |
| hony,and as much wheat-flower as wil ferüe to make it thicke, plaifter-wife, which being il
| bound thereunto, wil in three or foure daies healethe fame.
Wo
Ov
=
a EE
f
ES
| | - Of theCankerous Vlcer in the nofe.
| His difeafe is a fretting humor,eating and confuming the flefh,and making ital raw cie |
| deut within, and notbeing holpen in time wil eatthrough the griftle of the nofe. It com-
| meth of corrupt blood, or elfe of fharp humors ingendered by meanes offome ex- |
| treame cold. The fignes be thefe. He wil bleedeat the nofe, anda! the fleth within wil be d THUMB
| raw, and filthy ftinking fauours and matter wil come outat the nofe. The cure according D uw
| to Martin is thus. Take of green Coporas, of Allum, of each one pound,of white Copo- i
ras one quarterne, and boile chefe in a pottle of running water, vntila pint be confumed, |
then take it off, and putthereunto halfe a pinte of hony : then caufe his head to be holden i
| vp witha drinking ftaffe,& fquirt into his noftrils with a fquirt of braffe,or rather of Elder, 4
fome ofthis water being lukewarme, three orfoure times one after another, but betwixt ; in
| 4o cuery {quirting, gine him liberty to hold downe his head, and to blow out the filthy mat-
| ter, for otherwife perhaps you may choke him. Aud after thisit (halbe good alío without 1
holding vp his head any more, to wath andrub his Noftrils with a fine cloute boundtoa
white fticks end, and wet in the water aforefaid, and ferue him thus once a day vatill he be,
| whole. *
e | Ofbleeding at thenofe.
Hane feen Horfies my felfe, that haue bled at thenofe, which haue had neither fore nor i D TUA M
vlcerintheir Nofe,and therefore I cannot choofe, but fay with the Phyfitians, that ic 3h | o ES
commeth by meansthat the vaine which endeth in that place, is either opened, broken maus
ji go 9! fettered. Itis opened many times by meanesthat blood aboundethtoo much, or for 79) CE O
that it is too fine, or too fubtill, and fo pierceth through the vaine, Againe itmay bebro- | § EOM i
ken by fome violent ftrain, cut or blow. And finally jit may bee fretted or gnawn through, EE
by the fharpneffe ofthe blood, or elfe of fome other humor contained therein. Astou- i Suh a eRe | i
| ching the cure, Martin faith, it is good to takea pinte of red Wine, andto putthereina 4 i B |
quartern of Bole'Armeny, beaten into fine powder, and being made lukewarm, to voure e à
the one halfe therofthe fitft day into his noftril that bleedeth,caufing his head to bec hol- 5
den vp, foas the liquor may not fal out, and the next day to giue him the other halfe.But ei es
|. if chisipreuailethnot, then I for my part would caufe him to be letblood in the breftvaine, M rh
| — onthefame fide that he bleedeth atfeueral times : then take of Frankencenfe one ounce, ES
^1 7 of Aloes halfe an ounce, and beate them into powder, and minglethem throughly with (LP TROU
| 4 the whites of egges, vntil it be fothickas hony,and with foft Hares haire, thruftit vp into ^ i bn
his noftrill, filling the hole fo full, as it cannot fallout, or elfe fil his Noftrils ful of Affes i HEN
dung,or Hogs dung, for either of them is excellent good to reftraine any fluxe of blood. Mq ü
| )
,
| quur of the bleeding at the nofe, or to launch Fluxe of blood in at A Hh |
| i ' o0 any fort, | Jg i |
Haueknowne many Horffes in great danger by bleeding, andI haue tryed diuersré- Acykbhag;. |
médies for the fame, yet haue I not found any more certaine then this: take a fpoone- t ii
| *.' fulortwoofhis blood, and put itin a Sawcer, and fetit vpon a chafingdifh of coles, &' o ROM M
5 lecitboile til itbeal dryed vp into powder, then take that powder, and if hee bleede at the . MN
|. nofe,withaCane or quil blowthe fame vp into his Noftrils: if his bleeding come of any | ol s |
| wound or other accident, then into the wounde putthefame powder, whichisa prefent h ELM
remedy. New Horfe-dung or earth, isa prefent remedy, applyed to the bleeding place , i hint
and fo are Sage leaues bruifed and put into the wound. | | A
:
li Of
362 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts. — j
Blundevile Of the difeafesin the mouth, and firft of " bloudy rifts or chops in the palat of |
| the mouth. |
‘His difeafeis called ofthe Italians, Palatina, which as Laurentius Rusfiusfaith;com-
meth by eating hay or prouenderthat is full of pricking feedes, which by continual
~ pricking & frectingthe furrowes ofthe mouth do caufe them torankle,and to bleed
cortupt and ftinking matter, which you (bal quickly remedy ,as Martin faith, by wafhing
firftthefore places with vineger and fale, and then by annointing the fame with hony.
Ofthe bladders in a Hor(fes mouth which our old Ferrers were wont ta cal the Gigs. The Italians
- call them Froncelle. 10
Hefe be litle foft fwellings or rather puftuls with blacke heads, growing in the infide?
of his lips, next vnto the great iaw-teeth, whichare fo painful vnto the horfe,as they
make him to let his meat fal out of his mouth,or atthe leaft to keepeit in his mouth
vnchawed,whereby the horffe profpereth not. Rufiusfaith, thatthey come either by eat-
ting too much cold graffe, or elfe pricking, dufty and filthy prouender, The cure wherof,
according to Martin, isin this fort. Slit them with alauncet,and thruft out allthe corrup-
tion, and then wath thefore placeswithalittle vineger and falc, or els with Alum water.
Of the bladdersin a Horfe mouth.
Markham. Ome Horffeswill haue bladders like paps growing intheinfide of theirlips, nextto 20
S cheir great teeth,whichare much painful: the cure whereof is thus. Takea fharp paire
of fhears,and clip them away clofe tothe gum, and then wath the fore place with run-
ning water, Allum and hony boiled together, til it he whole.
Of the Lampaffe. *
He Lampaffe, called ofthe Italians Lampafeuss proceedeth of the aboundance of
«4 blood;reforting to the firft furrow ofthe mouth, Imeanethat whichis next vnto
the vpper foreteeth, canfing the faid furrow to {well fo high as the Herffes teeth,fo
as he cannot chew hiis meate,but is forced to let it fall out ofhis mouth. The remedyis
to cutal the fuperfitious defhaway, with a crooked hotiron made of purpofe, which eue- 30,
ry Smith can do. 33
2 Another of the Lampaffe.
; He Lampaffe is athick fpungy fleth, growing ouer a horfles vppet teethshindering
Markham. the coniun@ion of his chaps, in fuch fort that hee can hardly eat? thecure isas fol-
loweth. Cutallthatnaughty flethaway with ahot yron,and then rub thefore well
with falt, which the moftignorant Smith can do fufficiently. |
Of the Canker in the mouth.
| | | ; Maii; 40
pg. His difeafe as Martin faith, isarawnefle of the mouth and ‘tongue, which is fullof
Blundevile blifters,fo as he cannot eat his meate. Which proceedes of fome vnnaturall heate;
comming fromthe ftomach. For the cure whereof, take of Allum halfea pound, of
Hony a quarter ofa pinte, of columbine leaues,of Sage leaues of eacha handfull: boileal
thefe together in three pints of water, vntill a pinte be confumed and wath the fore places
therewith fo as it may bleede, continuing foto do euery day once vntillit be whole.
4 Another of the Canker in tbe mouth.
His difeafeproceedeth of diuers caufes,asof vnnaturall heatof che ftomach;offoule $6
feeding, or ofthe ruft or vennome of fome bit or fnaffell, vridifcretly lookt vnto : the
Markham. : Weg yh :
cure is thus. Wath thefore place with ftrong vineger,made thick withthe powder of Al-
lum, two orthtee daies together, euery time vntil it bleede , which will killthe poyfonand
vigor ofthe exulcerated matter : then make this water, take of running water a quart, of
Allum foureounces, of Hony foure or fiue fpooncfuls, of Wood-bineleaues, of Sage-
leaues,
Of the Horffe. 363
feaues, and of Collombine-leaues, of each halfea handful, boileal thefe together til oria
| halfe beconfumed, then take it off, and euery day with the water warmed, wath the fore
vatil it be whole.
| Of the heat inthe mouth and lips. b cv ii.
SP metine the heat that commeth out of the ftomach breedeth no Canker, but maketh
| hh d caufeth the horf: eme ^ Blundevilé
the mouth hot, and caufeth the horfe to forfake his meat. The cure wherof, as Martin TIN
| po faithsisin this fort. Pirft, turne vp his vpperlip, and iageeit lightly witha launcer, foas DEN d
| jt may bleede, and then wafh boththat and al his mouth and.tongue with Vinegerand
SS
ee — o E.
| Of the tongue being hurt with the bit or etherwife.
| Fthetonguebe cut or hurtany manner of way, Martin faith, itis good firft to wath it
| with Allum water,and then to takethe leaues of black Bramble and to chop them togi-
ther fmall witha little lard, that done to binde it vp ina little clout, making it round like
| aball, thenhauing diptthe round end in hony, rub the tengite therewith: continuing fo
|, todo oncea day vntil it be whole. roy kore 9 RN dh !
cus
ER Sp ene pt
s
i em
Of the Barbies, or Paps underneath tha"
tongue. PRR 52 Sd
Hefebe two little paps, called ofthe Italians Barbole, growing naturally(as Ithinke) j
| ineuery Horffes mouth vnderneath the tongue, inthe neather iawes, which ifthey i
fhoot of any length, Ruiz faith, that they wil hinder the Horffes feeding ;and therefore i
he and Martin alfo would haue them to be clipt away with a paire of fheeres, and that don,
the Horffes mouth to be wafhed with vineger and fale. sists "
lm SC
30 eir ^c Oftlepaine in the teeth and gums) of the Wolfes teeth, and
| ^ | law-teeth.
dia mper tete prone qn
Horfe may haue paine in his teeth, partly by difcent of humors from his head down Np |
into histeethand gums, which is to be perceiued by the rankneffe and fwelling of 1 4APUMIEM
the gums, and partly hauing two extraordinary teeth called the wolfesteeth,which ] M
betwo littleteeth growing in the vpper iawes, next vnto the great grinding teeth, which a Hi
are fo paineful tothe Horfe, as he cannot endureto chaw his meat, but is forced either to J
| — Jetitfalout of his mouth, or elfe to keepe it ftil halfe chawed, whereby the Horfe profpe-
reth not, but waxerh Jeane and poore, and he wil do the likealfo when his vpper law-teeth E i
| | 4o be fo far growneasthey ouerhang the neather Iaw-teeth; and therewith be fo fhatp,as in Enn o
| mouing his iawes they cut and race theinfides of his cheeks, euenas they were raced with - 4
aknife. And firft as touching the cure of the paine in the teeth, that commerh by meanes ee at, |
offome diftillation : Vegetins faith, it is goodto rubal the outfide of his gums with fine i ae
|! chalkeand ftroug vineger mingledtogether, or elfe after thatyou haue wafhedthe gums i Y
| with vineger,to ftrew onthem of Pomegranate piles. But methinkes that befides this, it i 1 |
were notamiffe to ftop the temple vains, with the plaifter before mentioned, in the chap- li
| terofweepingand waterifn cies. The cure of the Wolfes teeth, and of the iaw-teethac- (m igh
| coding to Martin isin this fort. Firft caufe the horfle headto be tyed vp to fome rafter BU S |
|. or poft,and his mouth to be openedwith acord, fo wide as you may eafily fee enery part kl
IS. thereof... :
Then takea round {trong iron toole;halfa yardlong,and made ar the one end inal points |
|' likevntothe Carpenters gouge wherewith he maketh his holesto be bored witha wimble
| oraugor,& with yourleft hand fetthe edge of your tooleat the foot of the wolfs teeth,on ET |
| theoutfide of the taw,turning the hollow fide of thetoole downward, holding your hand MM
| fteadily {0 as the toole may not flip from the forefaid tooth: then having a mallet in your :
lia right li i |
/
Hy
»
1l
in
"
if
i :
Sw
LI
364
Blundevile thtuft ic clean out of his head: that done, ferue the other
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beajts.
right band {trike vpon thehead of the toole one preity blow, and therwith you fhal loofen
the tooth, and caufeit to bend inward : then ftaying the midít of your toole vpon thehor-
(es neather iaw, wrinch the tooth outward, with the infide or hollow fide ofthe tooleyand
‘WV olfes tooth on the other fide
inlike manner, and/fill vp the.empty places with fale finely braied. But if the vpper iawe-
tceth doalfo ouerhang theneatherteeth, & fo cut the infide of his mouthas is aforefaid,
then keeping his mouth ftil open, take your toole and mallet,and pare al thofe teeth fhor-
;.; ter,runningalongft them euen from thefirft vnto the lat; turning thehollow fideofyour
bui j
A dy a
toole towards the teeth fo (hal not the toole cut the infide of his cheekes;andthe backeot
roimd fide being turned toward the forefaid checkes, and that doone wath all his mouth
with vineget and{alt,andiechim go. ^^,
Why the difeafesin the necke, withers and batte, be declared beere before the difeafes
in the throate.
T Y Auing hitherto fpoken of the difeafesincidenttoa horffes head,and toal the parts
thereof, natural order requireth that we (hold now difcendintothe throat, as a part
nextadiacent to the mouth. But forafmuch as the difeafesin the throate haue not
oncly afinity with the head, butalfo with the lungs and other inw ard parts, wbichare ma-
nytimes grieued by meanes of diftillation comming from the head, and through the
throat ; I wil fpeake of the difeafes, incident to the necke, withers, and backe ofa Horfie,
tothe intent that when I cometotalke of fuch difeafes, as rheumes and diftillations doe
caufe,I may discourfe of them orderly withoutinterruption.
Of the Cricke inthe necke.
Ecaufea Cricke is no other thing buta kind of conuulfion, and for thatwe hauefpo-
D ken fafficiently bofore of al kinds thereof in the chapter of conuulfion : Ipurpofenot
heere therefore to trouble you with many wordes, but onely (hewe you Rufiusopimion,
and alfo Martins experience therein. The cricke then called of the Italians Sci» or Lucer-
doaccording to Ru(iusyand according to Martin is, when the Horfle,cannot turne his
neck any maner of way, but hold it ftil right forth, infomuch ashe cannot take his meate
from the ground butby times, and that very flowly , Ru/us faith it commeth by meanes
of fome great weight laid on the hotffes fhoulders, or elfe by ouermuch drying vp ofthe
finnewesofthe necke. The cure whereof according to Martz is in this fort. Drawhim
witha hot iron from the root of the eare on both fides ofthe necke,through the midftof
the fame euen down rothebreatt, a ftraw deep,fo.as both ends may meetvponthe breaft:
then make hole in his forehead, hard vnder the fore-top, and thruft ina cornet vpwarde
betwixt the skinand the flefh a handfull deepe, then putin a Goofe feather, doubled inthe
mid(t and annointed. with Hogs-greace to keepethe hole open, to the intent the matter
TO |
20
39 13!
may run out the f, paceoften daies. But euery day during that time, the hole muft be clen- 49 | 3
fed once, andthe feather alfo clenfed and frefh annointed, and fo put in again. And once
a day let him ftand vpon the bit one houreortwo, or beridden two or three miles abroad
by fuchaoneas wil beare his head, and make him to bring it in. But ifthe Cricke be fuch
as the Horffe cannot holde his necke ftraite, but cleane awry, as I hauefeene diners my
felfe : then I thinke it not good that the Horffe be drawne with a hot iron on both fides of
the necke;butonely onthe contrary fide. As for example,if he bend his head towardthe
' right fide, then to draw him asis aforefaid onely on the lefte fide, and to vfe the reftofthe
cure as isabouefaide, and if neede bee you may fplent him alfo with handfome ftaues
meete for the purpofe to makehis necke ftand right.
i _ . Oflenues in theneck,
Wenisa certaine kirnelllikea tumor of fwelling, theinfide whereof his hard likea
griftle,and fpongious like a skin ful of wrets.Of Wens, fomebe great, and fome be
fmall. Againe, fome bevery painefull, and fomenot painefulatall. The Phyfitians
fay, that they proceede ofgroffe and vicious humors, but Vegetins faith that they chance
to
^19
Of the Horffe. 365
toa Horffe by taking cold, or by drinking of waters that be extreame cold. The cureac-
cording to Marti is thus : take of Mallowes, Sage,and red nettles, of each onc handful,
boile them in running water, and put therunto a litle butter, and hony,and when the herbs
be foft, take them outand allto bruife them, and put thereunto ofoile of Bay two ounces,
andtwo ounces of Hogs-greace, and warme them together ouer the fire, mingling them
welltogethers that done, plaifter it vpon a piece of leather fo big as the Wen, and lay itto
fo hot as the Horfe may endure it, renewing it euery day in fuch fort, thefpace of eight
daies, and if you perceiue that it will come to no head, then lance it from the midft ofthe
Wen downward,fo deep as the matter in the bottom may be difcouered and let out,that
doone, heale it vp with this falue : take of Turpentine a quarter, and wafh it ninetimes in
faire new water, then putthereunto the yolk ofan egge, and alittle Englifh Saffron bea-
ten into powder, and makea taint or rowle of Flax, and dip it in that ointment, and lay it
ynto the fore, renewing the fame euery day once vntil it be whole.
10
Of fivelling in the necke after bloodletting.
am His may come ofthe feame being rufty, and fo caufing the vaine to rankle,or elfe by
meanes offome cold wind ftriking fuddainely into the hole. The cureaccording to
Martin is thus. Firftannoint itwith oyle of Camomell warmed, and then lay vpon it a it-
4o tle hay wet in cold water,and bind it about it with a cloth,renewing it euery day the fpace
offiue daies,to fee whecher it wil grow toa head, orelfe vanifh away. If it grow toa head,
then giucita flit with a lancer, andopen it with a Cornet that the matter may come out.
Then heale it vp, by tainting it with Flax dipt in Turpentin and Hogs-greace molten to-
gether, dreffing it fooncea day vntilit be whole. i
How to flaumch blood.
Ea Horffebe let blood when the figne is in the necke,the vaine perhaps willnotleaue |...
bleeding fo fooneas a man would haue it, which ifany fuch thing chance,then Rusíué
o faith, it is good to binde thereuntoalietle new Horfe dung temperedwith chalkeand
{trong vineger; and not to remooue it from thence the {pace of three dates, or elfe tolay
thereunto burnt filke, felt, or cloath, for al {uch things wil ftaunch blood. €
Of the falling of the Creff.
His commeth for the moft part of pouerty, and {pecially when a fat Horfe falletha- Blundevile
way fodainely. The cure according to Martin is thus. Draw his Creft the deepnes
a {traw, on the contrary fide witha hot iron, the edge of which iron would be halfe
aninch broad, and make your beginning and ending fomewhat beyond the fall, fo.as the
firft draught may go all the way hard vppon the edge of the mane, euen vnderneath the
rootes of the fame, bearing your hand right downward, into the neckeward, then anfwer
that with another draught beneath, & fo far diftant from the firftas the fal is broad, com-
paffing as it were al the fall, but (lon the contrary fide : and betwixt thofe two draughts
right in the midft, draw a third draught, then witha button ironof an inch about, burne
at each endá hole, and alfo in the {paces betwixt the draughts, make diuers holes diftant
three fingers broade one from another : that done, to flake the fire annointit euery day
once, for the {pace of nine daies with a feather dipt infrefh butter moulten, Then take
Mallowes and Sage, of eachonea handfull, boile them well inrunning water, and wafh
the burning away vntill it be raw fefh,then dry it vp with this powder. Take of hony halfe
a pinte, and fo much vnfle& lime as wil make that hony thicke like paaft : then hold itina
fire-pan ouer the fire vntil it be baked fo hard as it may be madein powder, and fprinkle
that vpon thefore places.
3
His Of
A
n
BIN arce a
Ub A
ee oaks min a Ne SS IMG Em = ee -$ es
=
Se AL
ER
nmm
i
j
1
4
n
i
etn i, c E a ee ee Lm
=
SSE,
Markham.
blundevile E
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafls.
Of the falling of the cref. |
3| Hefalling ofthe Creft isoccafioned moft commonly through poterty :
yetfomrimes I haue feen it chance through the il proportion of the creft,
which being hye, thickeand heauy, the necke thin and weake vnderneath,
is notable to fupport or fuftaine it vp, how euer it be there isremedy for
2A! both: ifit proceede of pouerty, firit try by good keeping to get it vp a-
aine, butif tt wil not rife, or that the originall of the difeafe be in the il fa(hion of the creft,
thenlet this bethe cure : Firft with your hand raife vpthe Creftas you would haueit
ftand, or rather more to that fide from which it declineth, then take vp the skin betweene 10 |
our fingers on that fide from which the Creft fwarueth, and with afharpeknife cutaway — |
thebreadth of very neere an inch, andthe length of foure inches, which doone ftitche vp
the skinne together againe with three or foure flitches;and by meanes of firings weights,
or other deuifes, keepe the creft perforce leaning on that fide;applying thereunto a plai-
fter of Deeres tewet and Turpentine, boiled together,tillthe fore bee healed : and at the
felfe fame inflantthat by this maner of infition you draw together and ftraiten the skin on
thatfide, you (hal in this fort giue liberty tothe other fide,wherby the creft may the eafier
attaine to his place : Take a hot yron made in fafhion ofa knife, the edge being aquarter
ofan inch broad,and therewith from the vpper: part of his creft vnto the neathet part of
the fame extending towardes his fhoulder, draw three lines inthis forme, | andthe 20
fame anoint daily withfreth butter,vntilfuch time as it be perfe@ly whole. | By this
manner of cure, you may make any laue-eard Horffe, to be as pricke eard | | | &com-
ly, as any other Horfe whatfocuer.
Of the manaineffe of the maine.
\
23 He mangineffe proceedeth ofrankenefie of blood,or of pouerty, oflowfines,
2r or elfe of rubbing where a mangy Horflehath rubbed, or offilchy duftlying
eT inthe mane for lacke of good dreffing. The fignes be apparant bythe itching |
ISSUE and rubbing of the Horffe, and the fcabbes,fretting both flefh and skin. The 30 |
cure according to Martz, is thus: take of frefh greafe one pound, of quickfiluerhalfean — |
ounce, of Brimftoneone ounce, of rape oyle halfea pint, mingle them together, and ftir
them continually ina pot with aflice, vntil) the quickfiluer be fo wrought with the reft, as
youth all perceive no quickfiluer therein. That done,take a blunt knife, or an old Horfle-
. combe, and fcratch all the mangy places therewith yntill it bee raw and bloody, and then
"-annointit with this ointment, inthefunfhine ifit may be, tothe intent the ointment may
finke in : orelfe hold beforeita fire-pan or fome broad bar ofiron made hot, to makethe
ointment to melt into the flefh. And ifyou fee that within the {pace of three dayes after,
with this onceannointing ,he leaue not rubbing then marke in what place he rubbeth,and
dreffe that place againe, and you fhall fee it heale quickly. y NE ad 40
Reena 407: falling ofthe haire of the mane.
T T falleth for the moft part, becaufe itis eaten with little Wormes.,tretting the rootes in
funder, whichaccording to Martin youfhall remedy in this fort, Annointthe mane
and Creft with fope, then make {trong lie and wafhall the mane and Creft withall,and
that wil kill the wormes, within twice or thrice wafhing. Aes
Of ariefes in the withers.
8
Oa horffes withers and backe,do chatice many griefesand forances, which (1
as Rusfus faith, do fometime proceed of inward caufes,as ofthe cotrup- |
tion of humors,and fometime ofoutward caufes, asthroughthegaling — |
M and pinching of fome naughty faddle, or by fome heauy burthenlaideon — '
i thehorfles-backe or fuch like.Andof fuch gricfes fome be but fuperficiall
blifters
EF. Ofthe Hof. S69
| — blifters, fwellings, light gals or brufings :and be eafily cured. Some againe do pierce to
___ the very bone, and be dangerous, and efpecially ifthey bee nighthe backe bone ; let vs
| firft then fhew you the cure of the fimaller griefes, and then ofthe greater. |
Another of bliftrings, or fmall fwellings in the withers or backe and
| : gallings.
i " [
| =) Henfoeuer you fez any {welling rife, then Martin wouldehaue youto:
| bind alitle hot horfe dung vntout,and that willatiwageit. Ifnot, chen
| 10 tapricke it round about the {welling, either witha feame, or els with Blundevile
afharpe pointed knife not too deepe, but fo as it may pierce the skin,
| 3| and make the blood to iffue forth. That done; take of Mallowes or eife
of fmallage, two or chree handfuls,and boile them in running Water
vatill hey be fofoftas pap: Then ftrainethe water from it, and brufe the hearbs ina trean
| — difh, putting thereuntoa little Hogges greaceor els fallet oile, or fheepes fewet, or any
| other frefh greace, boile themand {tir them togither, not frying them hard, but fo as it
may befoftand fupple, and then witha clout late it warme vpon the fore, renewing it c-
ucrie daie once vntill the fwelling be gone.For this will either driue it awaie, or els bring
it into hisheade, which lightlie chàunceth not, voleffe there bee fome griftle or boane
| 26 perifhed. NAE jv
Rusfiusbiddeth you, fofoone as you feeany {willing rife, to {naue the place with ara-
for and lay thereunto this plaifter: take a little wheat flower andthe white of an egge bea-
ten togither, and {preadeit on alittle clout , whichbeeing laidé yntothe {welling two or
a
See
SS Sa s
three daies and not remoued, wil bring it to a heade, and when you come to take it off, bel NU
| pullitaway fo foftly as you can poffible, and whereas you see the corruption gathred to- RM hd
| gither, then inthe lowelt place thereof, pierce it vpwarde with ia fharpe yron fomewhat . Nb ds
| hot, thatthe corruption may come out, and annointthe fore place euerie day once with E I
|o. ling, then wath the place with water and salt, or els with warme Wine, and springle this
39 pouder thereon: take of vnflea&t lime beaten into fine pouder, and mingle ic withvhomie
vntil it beasthickeas any paaft , and make rolles or bals thereof, and bake them in a fire-
| pan ouer the fire, vntil they be fo hardas they may be broughtto pouder,for this is ave- i
| * ne good pouder to drie vp anie galling or fore. The pouder of Mirre or burnt filke, fealt, !
or cloath, or anie olde poft; isalfo good forfu ch purpofes; but whenfoeuer you vfe this
freíh battery or Hogges greace, butifthe skinnebeonely chafed off, without anie (wel- [ A]
Ager a
|
| pouder oflime and honie, let the place be wafhed, asis aforefadei ^^ ^ 5. D Bs
| JORG : | | Pil! fo lor! yotao., brid [ WIN |
| ^ Of creat fwellings and inflammations ina Horffes 0 ooo vo sus | m
| - > ‘withers. a ] IOP Va Sn LA Ion vost val " UM "
| T . | yo ad T. " lari Rd Lus ru
P3 F theswellingbe verie great, thenthe cureaccording to Martin is thus.’ Firft drawe BET n
round about the {welling with a hotte Tron, and then croffe him witlithesame yron in jd NE, D
* maner ofa checker, then take a rodnde hot yron having a (harpe point, and thrufte ie il d."
into the swelling place on each fide Vptoward the point of the witherss to the incencthe | i uw
matter may iffue downward at the holes. GIS), LOO Bie thee Og £ nrTorarg i "mu
| “That done, taint both the holes with a taint dipt in hogges 'gréace to kilthe fire, and s |
Alf annoint al the othnr burnt places therewith, continuing fotó doe vntilthe fwelling ns)
be affwaged, renewingit every day once ,vntil the fiery niatterbe clean fallen away and ify Sas
then taint him againe with wafhed Wire mingled with yolkesof Egges and Saffron | : pa |
+ infuchmanner as hátlibeencaforefaide, reneiing the taint euerie day once ‘wntill itbee i
whole. * ' UY sut [2 ow 20 digit erstuo 2 o2 fto WOt100q f
Ifyou feethatthe fwelling for allthis goe not away; thenitis à figne offormeimpoftu- ; |
| mation within, and therefore it fhalbe neceffary to lance it,and to let out the corruption; M HW
| thentake of Hony halfea pinte, of Verdigreafe two ounces beaten to powder, and min- EO IU
gle it together with the Hony, then boyle them ina pot vnrill it looke red,then being luk- hd. : MT i :
yarme, make eitherataintor plaitter, according as the wound thal require, renewing the "na i)
| go
‘fame
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268
Blundevile
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
fameenery day once, vntilitbe whole. Butthe fore may be fo vehement, that for lacke
of looking in time, it will pierce downeward betwixt both (houlders towardthe intrailes,
which is very daungerous: yea, andas Rws/fus faith, mortal], becaufe the corruption of -
the fore infe&ingthe lungs and hart (which bé the vitall partes and chiefc prefervers of
life)the body muftneeds decay.And therefore Martin would haue you to fil the hole with
the faluelaft mentioned,and tothruft in aftcrwarde a peece of a fpunge, aswell to. keepe
the hole open, as alfo to fucke out the corruption, renewing it euery day once, vntillit
bewhole.
Of the bornes or hard knobs growing under the faddle
fide.
His is a dead skin likea peece of feather, called of the Itallans Corn, thatis tofay,a
horne, for that itis hard vnder hand, and commerh by meanes of fome ftraight fad-
“~~ dle, pinching the horffe more on the one fidethan on the other:or els on both fides
equally. The cure whereofaccording to Martin, isin this fort: Annoint them with frefh
butter or Hogges greace, vntil they be mollified and made fo foftas you may either cut
them, or pull them away, and then wafhthe wound with mans ftale, or with white wine,
and dry it with powder of vnflea& lime mixt with hony. |
Of Wenaes or knobs growing about the [addle
fertis.
Hefe be great harde knobs growing moftcommonly betwixt tworibs, apparantto
the eie; which by their hardneffe feemeto come of fome old brufe, andare called of
Italians Je Curf. The cure whereof, according to Martin is thus. . Firft mollifie them, by
annointing them with Hogges greace euery day once or twice, the fpaceof eight daies,
and if you perceiue that itwill cometo no head with this, thenlance it from the middle
downeward, that the matter may come out: then taint it with wafhed Turpentine ;yolkes
of Egges, and fatforon mingled togyther asis aforefaid, renewing the taint euery daye
once vatillitbe whole. = . c
do hte
Of the Nauill gall.
"T He Nauill gal is abrufe on the backe behind the faddle right againft the Nauill of the
horffe, and thereoftaketh his name.Itcommeth eitherby fplitting ofthe faddle be- — '
hind, or for lacke of ftuffing, or by meanes of the hinder buckle fretting that place, or
elfe by fome great weight laid on his backe :you (hal perceiue itby the puffed vppe, and
fpungy fle(h, looking like rotten lightes or lunges, and therefore is called of the Italians
Pulmone, ox Pulmoncello.The cure whereof according to Martin, is thus. Cut it round a-
bout with afharpe knife.orrafor euen to thebone, leauing no rotten flefh behinde : that
done, take the white ofan Egge and falt beaten togither, and lay chat plaifterwifeto the
forévponalittle towey renewing it oncea day the {pace of two daies. Then take ofhony
àquarterneofa pint, aud. of Verdigreafe an ounce beat into penetra and boile them to-
gither ina pot, ftirring it ftill vatil it looke redde, and being luke warme, make a praifter
with towe and clap it tothe wound, wafhing and clenfing well the wound firft with allittle
warine Vineger or white Wine, continuing it oncea day, vatill it begin to heale and skin,
then dry it vp; by fprinkliag thereonthis pouderfollowing. Takeof hony a quarterne,
andas much of vnfle@ limeas will thicken the hony like vnto paaft, and ina fire pan ouer
the fires ftir itftil vntil it be hard baked, fo asit mày bec beaten into pouder, but before
outhrow on thepowder, wath the wound firft with warme Vineger, continuing fo to do 7? |
yntill it-be perfectly skinned and whole. :
Sie an ii jer
———
; atest? Of tbe Hoffe. ei - 369
of. the favaying of the backe.
| His is called of the Italians, Ma/fzrute, and according to Rusféus and Martins opi- Blundevile
| © | nions,commeth either by fome great ftraine, or elfe by heauy burthens : you (hal
—— perceiue it by the reeling and roling ofthe horffes hinder parts in his going,which
will falter many times, and {way fometimes backward, and fometime fideling, and be rea-
dy to fall euen tothe ground ,and the horffe being laide, is fcant able to get vp. Thecure
according to Martin is thus-Couer his backe with a (heeps skin, comming hot from the
|. fheepes backe, laying the le(hy fide next vnto his backe, and lay a howfing cloath vpon
FO rhe(ame tokeepe his backe as warme as may be, and fo let it continue, vatil it beginneto
| fmel :thentake the old skin away, andlay anew vnto it, continuing fo to do the {pace of
| three weekes.And ifhe amend not with this, then draw his backe with a hot yron out on
| both fides of the ridge of his backe, from the Pitch ofthe Buttockes vntoa handful with-
inthe faddle, and letéuery line be an inch diftant one from another, and then againe o-
| — uerthwart checker-wife, but let not fuch ftroks be very deep, and fo burned as euery onc
| looke yellow, thenlay onthis charge following. Take pitch one pound,of Rozen halfe
a pound, of bole Armony halfea pound made in powder, and halfea pinte of Tarre,and
| boile all chefe cogitherina por, {tiring it vntill every thing bee molten and thoroughlie
| 4o mingled togither, theh beingluke warme, dawbealthe burning therewith very thicke,
| andthereupon clap as many Bockes ofthe horffes colour, as youcan make toabide on;
| — andremóue it notbefore it falaway it felfe, and ifitbe in Summer, you may turne him to
graffe.
of the weakene[fe in the backe.
T dothappeareby Laurentius Rus/rus, that there isan other kind of weakeneffe in the
backe, called in Italian /e gotte,or merfecatura de le reni,that is to fay, the fretting or bi-
ting of thereines, which as the faid R«s/7 faith proceedeth of abundance of humors,
| refortingto that place, whereby all the hinder partes of the horfe doe leefe their feeling
| 89 and ftrength, and the horffe falleth downe onthe ground : yea, and fuch humors refor-
| ting tothe hart,do fuffocate the fame, and in two or three houres do caufe thehorffe to
' die. The remedie according to Rws/is,is in this fort: Lethim bleod abundantlie in the
necke, and draw his backe witha hot yron, in fuch sort asis declared in the laft Chapter.
He saith alfo it is good to make him {wim through a river, and to rowell him on his han-
ches, nigh the huckle bones 3and to make the haire to growagaine, itis goodas he faith
to aynoint the place with hogges greace, and three leaned graffe flamped together.
| signe Of Hydebound. | rey
| cM iy
49 Idebound, is when the skinne cleaueth fo faft to the horffes backe, that a man can- iini " |
| notpulicfrom the fle(h with his hand,which Rueilius calleth Cortago : it commeth ic M DES |
| meth for the moft part of pouertie, or els when the horffe after some great heate : " on
| hath beene fuffered to fland long in the raine or wet weather, for thatwil caufe the skinne li n
to fhrinke, and to cling to his ribs.Itisknowneby the leanneffe of the horffe,and gantnes 1) aA d 1
ofhis bely,andby faft fticking ofthe skin vnto the ribs when you pulat it with your hand. NOM mon Y
"The cure according to Martinis thus.Let him blood on both fides the bellie in the flanke TU v. |
| vaines betwixtthef lanke andthe girding place: that done, giuehim this drinke. Takea E hing kt
| uartof white Wine, or els of good Ale, andput thereunto three ounces of good fallec ee |
/ oyle,ofCummin one ounce, of Annis feedes two ounces, of Licorastwo ounces, bea- ENT UN
| tenalinto fine powder, and giue it him luke warme with a horne. And whenhe hath drunk 1589 pth Ne
| Jet one ftanding at his huckle-bone, rub him hard with his hand along the back, and ouer- iM n
| — thwart the ribbes the {pace of halfe an houre : that done, fethiminawarme ftable, and a
| let him ftand in litter yp to the belly ,and couerall his backe and ribs with a facke firft tho- |
roughly foked in atub ofcold water, and then well and hard wroung, and ouer that cafte
Y^ \ ano- N
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370 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts. |]
another cloath, and girde it faft with a furcingle, ftuffing him wellabout the backewith | |
frefh ftraw, continuing thusto doe euery day once the fj pateofa weeke, during which
__.. time giue him no cold waterbutlukewarme, and puttherein.a) little ground mault. The
~~ wet facke wil caufethe backe to gather heat ic felfe, and the skititoloofen from the Aefh}
and if you will beftow more coft, you may annoint all his body with wineandoile min-
gledtogither, according to the opinion of the old writers which no doubt 153 very coms
fortable thing, and muft needs fupplethe skinne, and loofen it ftom rhe eth.’ ani
| — NR
Of the difeafes imthe throat and lungs, and why the eviefes of the fBoulders and’ 0205 |
hippes be not mentioned before among ft the griefes of phesl.ovond s3q25d E
withers and backe: | e1d 230221 03 20 !
: ri , 3530913: th)
Blundevile oer perhaps would looke heere,that for fo much as I haue declared the difeafes.of
the necke, withersand backe, that 1(hould alfo follow ón'nowwiththe griefes of the
fhoulders and hips.But fich that {vch griefes for the moft part doth caufe a hórfe.to lialt;
and that it requireth fome skill toknow when a horfe haltethj.whetherthefault:be in his
fhoulder, hip, legge, ioynt, or foot, I thinke it is not goodto feperate thofe: parts affun-
der, fpecially fith nature hath ioynedthem togither, that is to fay, the fhoulders tothe |
forelegs,and the hips to the hinder legges. Andtherefore according to natures order, I |
will treate of chem in their proper place : that is to fay, after that I haue fhewed al the di- |
{eafes that bein theinward horfes body, not onely abouethe midriffe, asthe difeafes o£ ^^. | |
the throat, lungs, breaft, and hart, but alfo vnderthe midriffe, as thofe ofthe ftomacke;
liuer, guts, and ofall the reft.And firft, as touching the difeafes ofthe throat, the Glaun-
ders, and Strangullion, to al horfes is moft common.
Of the Glauders and Strangulion, [o called according to the Italian name,
Stranguijlion.
Oft Ferrers do takethe Glanders and Scrangullion to bee all one difeafe , but it is
notfo, for theglanders is that which the Phyfitians call 'Zron/illz, andthe Stran-
“gullion is that which they call in Latine 426:24, in Greeke Synanchi, and we com-
monly call itin Englifh, the {quinnancy, or Quinzie. Tron/ille, is interpreted by them to. .
be inflammations ofthe kitnels, called in Latine G/asdes the Italian Glandule,which lie on. |
both fides ofthe throat, vnderneath theroote ofthetoongue, nigh vnto the fwallowin i
place, of which word Glandes, or Glandula, I thinke we borrow this name glanders. For
when the horfeis troubled with this difeafe, hee hath great kirnels vnderneath his iawes ^ |
eafie to be feene or felt, paining him fo, as he can not eafily {wallow down his meat which |
commeth firftofcold diftiiation out of the head : But if fach larnels be not inflamed,they
will perhaps goe away ofthemfelues, or elf€ by layinga little hot horfe-dung and ftrawe
vntothem, the warmth thereof wil diffolue them ,and make them to vanith away. 40
But if they be inflamed, they will not go away but encreafe and wax greater and greater,
and be more painful euery daie then other, and caufe the horffe to caft continually filthie
matter at his nofe: The cure whereof according to Martinis thus : Firft ripe the kirnels
with this plaifter. Take of brantwo handfuls, or as much as will thicken a quart of wine or
Ale: then put thereunto halfea pounde of hogges greace, and boile thenitogither, and
lay it hotto the fore witha cloath, renewing it euery day vntilit be ready tobreake, then
Janceit,and let out althe matter, and taiatit with a taint of flax diptin this falue : Take of
Turpentine, of hogs greace, of each like quantity, and alittle waxe, and melt them togi-
ther, andrenewthe taint euerie daie vntilit be whole. Laurentins Ruffius faith, thatthis di-
feafe is verie common to colts, becaufe in them doth abound fluxible moifture, apt to be T
diffolued with euerie little heat, andto turneto putrifa&ion: and therefore if thehorfe
benot ouer young, he would haue you firfttolet him bloode in the necke vaine, and then
to lay vntothe fame forea ripening playfterymade of Mallowes, Linfeeds,Rew,Worm-
wood, ground Tuy, Oile of Baies, add Dialthea, andto annoint histhroat alfo, and all the
fore place with frefh butter : and the fore being ripe, to lance it, or els to rowed it, thatthic
mattermaycomeforth =~ But
39 I
=
at
r-
|?" Of the Horffe. ‘ ! ,
| But the kernels wil not decreafe, then pulthem away by the rootes, and to dry vp thé
| vlcerous place with an ointment madeof vníle&t lime, Pepper, Brimftone, Nitrum, and
|
| oile Oliue.It (hall be alfo goodto purge his head by pertuming him euery day once, in
| fuch fort as hath beene before declared. And letthe horffe be kept warm about che head
| andftandin a warme ftable,and let him drinke no cold water:but if you fee that after you
| haue taken away the kirnels, the horfle doth not for all chat leaue cafting filthy matter at
| ‘thenofe,then itis to be feared, that hee hath fome {pice ofthe mourning of the Chine,
pov difeafes proceed of one caufe, and therefore I thinke good to fpeake of it heere
| . prefently. :
los But firft I will {er downea drinke which I hauefeene prooued vppon aliorfe that I
thought could neuer hauebin recoueted of the fame difeafe, and yet it did recouer him
| invery thort fpace, fo as he trauelled immediarely after many miles, without the helpe
| ofany other medicine.
|
|
Lg A drinke for the Strangullion or Glaunders,
Sasa Ake of warm milkas it commeth from the Cowa quart, or inftead there-
XA ofa quart of new Beere or Ale warmed, and put thereunto of moulten
| 254 Butter the quantity of an Egge :and then take one head of Garlicke, firít
SJ dean pilled and then flamped fmal, which you muftputinto the milke or
ZA! drinke being made luke warme; aad giueit the horfe with a horne, and
immediately afterthe drinke be given, catch hold of his tongue with your hand, and ha-
|^ uing broken two raw Egges either vpon his foreteeth, or again(t the {tafe wherewith his
head is holden vp, caft thofe broken Egges, thels and all into histhroat, making him to
| fwallow downethe fame, that doone , ride him vp and downetill he beginne to fweate,
| then fet him vp couered warme with anold couérletand ftraw; not fuffering hina to eate
nor drinke for the fpace of two or threc houres after, and let his drinke for the fpace of
| two ot three dates, bee fomewhat warme, whereinto itis good to put a handfull or two
| ofbranor ground malt, and in giuing the faid drinke, itfhall not beamiffe to poure fome
30 thereofinto either noftrill. ;
of the mourning of the chine. »
gj His word mourning ofthe Chine, is a corrupt name borrowed ofthe French
| roong, wherein itis cald More defchiew, that 1s to fay the death of the backes
RG NES) Becaufe many do hold this opinion that this difeafe doth confume. the mar-
| EROS row of the backe: for remedy whereof, they vfe ftrange kinds of cures . For
fome taking it tobea rheume, go about to ftop it; by layinga ftri&tiue, or binding char-
ges tothe nape ofthe necke.Some againe; dotwine outthe pitch of thé backe with a long
o vire thruftvp into the horffes head, and fo into his neckeand backe, with whacreafon I
* know not. Well, I know that few horfles do recouer thathaüethis difeafe. Some againe
thinke that the lungs of the horfe be rotten, and that the horfedoth caft thenaourat his
nofe, But Martin faith, that he hath cut vp diuers horfies which haue'been iudged to haue
dyed of the mourning ofthe chine,but he could Gndneuet eitherback or liingsto be pe-
| rithed, but onely the liuer, and moft commonly that fide of the liner, which an fwearetli
thenoftrill whereat he cafteth, whereof we will talkein his proper place, whemwe' conte
to fpeake of the difeafesin the Liner. The Italians do call this-difeafe Ciamonriosthe olde
Authors do cal itthe moift malady, whereof Theomne/tus maketh two differences .Forsri
| theone the matter which he dothcaftat the nofeis white,and'doeth not fell arall: and
|^. inthe other, that which he cafteth is filthy and fticking corruption. They proceed both
! eg of cold humors congealed in the head,butmore abounding in the onethentia thé others
by reafon perhaps thacthe horffe was not curedin time: for of colde firft: commeththe
Pofe,and the cough, then the Glanders, and laf ofall the mourning ofthe chine. When
the horfe cafteth matter atthe nofe that is not ftinking, he may eafily be curéd byfurch re-
| medyes ashane beenebefore declared in the chapter ofthe Pofes butit thematterbelve:
3 £y
*
Blundevile
aa
ee sper ares em hans assent gm
—
iac
im
E
=
C EES Oa Juri HR EC
pc peur
‘The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
ry filthy and {tincking, then itis very hardeto cure. Notwithftanding, it fhall not grieue
me to write vnto you heere, the experience of Theomne/tus, and of Laurentius ‘RufCius.
Theowne/tws cure isthus. Take of Water and hony called ofthe Phyfitians Hydremel, a
quart, and put thereunto three ounces of oyle, and powre that into his noftrill euerye
morning thefpace ofthree daies : and ifthat donot profit him, then let him drinke eue-
ry day, or once intwo daies, a quart of olde wine, mingled with fome of the medicine
or rather the precious meate,called of the olde writers Tetraphramacum, and that will re-
ftore him to his former eftate, Laurentius Rus/ivs {aith,that of al difeafes ther isnon more
petillous, nor more to be fufpected, than the rheume which commeth of cold, for hor-
fes haue large Conduites, and are full of moifture, and therefore if colde once enter, it
findeth matter inough to worke on, tobreede continuall diftillation, as well outwardly
at thenofe, as inwardly, defcending downeto the vital] part in fuch fort, as it doth not
fuffocat the fame.
The fignesaccording to the faid Rusfus be thefe, the horfe doth caft matter continu-
ally atthe nofe, fometime thinne and fometime thicke, his noftrils, eares;and al his out-
ward parts, wil be cold to the feeling, his eyes, head, and all his body heauy, and he will
cough, and haue fiai appetite to his meatyand lefle to his drinke, and fometime he will
tremble and fhake : his cure is in chis fort. Purge his head, partly by perfuming him, and
partly by making him to neeze in fuch fort, as hath beene before taught in the chapter
of the pofe, which waies of perfuming and purging his head as they bee good, fo doeth
Rossius praife thefe two heere following to be molt excellent : the firft is this : Take of
the ftalkes of tes alba otherwife called Brioni, or wilde Vine, two or three good hand-
fuls, and being brufed, put them into alinnen bagge , and faften thebagge to the hor-
fes head, fo ashe may receiue the {cent vp into his noftrils, without touching the hearb
wiih his mouth, and this will caufe the humors to run downe aboundantly.. The fecond
medicine; Take of Euforbiuin beaten into fine powder, three ounces, ofthe iuice of
Betes one pound, of Swines blood halfea pound, boile al thefe togither vntil they bee
throughly mingled togither,and liquide like an ointment, and then take it from the fire
and put thereunto one ounce more of Euforbium and minglethem againethoroughly
togither, and preferue the fame in a box, to vfe at needefill times in this fort : Maketwo
{tiffe long rowles or tampins of linnen clowtes, or fach like ftuffe, (harpe pointed like fu-
er-loues : which tampins are called of the phyfitians in Latine Pe/7, and being annoin-
ted with the ointment aforefaid, thruft them vp into the horffes no ftrils, and let thema-
bide therein a pretty whilk, then pul them out, and you fhal fee fuch abundance ofmat-
ter come forth at his nofe, as is marueilous to behold : Ras/siusalfo praifeth verye much
this medicine heere following.
Take as much of the middle barkeofan Elder tree, growing on the water fide, as will
fila newearthen pot ofa meanefize, putting thereunto as much cleere water asa potwll
hold, and Jevit boile vntilone halfe be confumed : and then to be filled vppe againe with
frefh water, continuing fo to doe three times one after another, and at thelaft timerhat 40
the onehalfeis confümed, take ic from thefire, and ftraine it thro ghalinnen cloth: Then
take two partes of that decogtion, and one part of hogges greace, or Butter and being
warmedagaine togither,giue the horffe to drinke thereof one horneful, and poure ano-
ther hornefull into his noftril that cafteth, and whenfoeuer you giue him this medicine,
letthe horfe bee empty and fafting, and keepe him without meat alfo twoor three hours
after, forthis is a very good drinke foranye fickneffe that commeth of cold. Moreouer,
openthe skinne of his foreheade; and of his temples, and alfo of his taile with afharpe
horyron,thatthe corrupt humours may yflue outward. That done; take hot brickes,or
elfe a par of frefliburning oales,and hold itnigh vnto his belly and fankes,:to the en-
tent that they may bee thoroughly warmed, and being fo warmed aunointthemaloüer
with oylede Bay, or Dialthea, to defend his body from the cold, and lethis head be well
cóuered; and al his belykept warme. Yea and it were good to bath his head fometime,as
Ras/i faith wich a bath made of Rew, Wormewoode, Sage, Iuneper, Bay leaues, and
Hyfop.And let his drinke be warme water mingled with Wheat meale ; yea, and tomake
ivthe more comfortable, it were goo d as Rus/ius faith, to put thereunto fome Cinamon,
] Ginger,
r1
Ic
20
30
5°
10
3
Of the Horffe. rou
Ginger, Galingale,& fuch hot pieces. And his meat in Winter feafon would bee no other
but fodden corne, or warme mathes, made of ground Maltand wheat bran : in fummer
feafon if he went to graffe, I think it would do him moft good, fothat he go in a dry warm
ground;for by feeding alwaies downeward, he fhall purge his head the better as uus
faith. Thus much ofthe Glariders,and mourning of the Chinié: Now we wil {peake fom-
what of the ftrangullion, according to the opinion ofthe Authors, though notto the fa-
tiffa&ion perhaps of our Englifh Ferrers. rosaiwi auda eb bns
Of the iran izullion er Squinancy.
He Strangullion, called ofthe Latines Angina,according to thePhyfitians is an in-
flamation ofthe inward partes ofthe throate, and as] faide before, is called ofthe
. Greeks Synanchi, which is as muchto fay in Englithas ftrangling, wherofthisname
ftrangullionas I chinke is deriuéd forthis difeafe doth ftran gle euery man or beaft,and
therefore is numbredamongft the perilous and (barp difeafes called of the Latines Morbi
accuti, of which ftrangilng the phyfitians in mans body make foure differences. The firft
and worft is, when no part within the mouth nor without, appereth manifeftly to be infla-
med, and yet the patientis in great perillof ftrangling. The fecond is, whentheinwarde
parts of the throat onely beinflamed. The third is, when the inward and outward partes
of thethroat be both inflamed. Thefourthis, when the mufcles of the necke are infía-
med, or the inward ioynts thereof fo loofened, as they ftraiten thereby both the throatyor
wefand, or wind-pipe: for fhort breath is incident to all the foure kinds before recited and
they proceedeall of one caufe : that isto fay, offome collerick or bloody-fluxion, which
comes out of the branches of the throat-vaines into thofe parts,and there breedeth [ome
hot inflamation But now to proue tliat a horfe is fubie@ to this difeafe,you (hall hear what
Abfirtus , Hieretles, Vegetius, and others doe fay, Abfirtws writing to his friend a certaine
Ferrer or horfe-leach, called 4i/loricus, fpeaketh inthis manner. When a Horfe hath the
ftrangvllion it quickly killeth him the fignes whereof be thefe. His temples will be hollow,
his tong will fwelland hang out of his mouth, his cies alfo will be fwollen, and the paflage
of his throat ftopt fo as he can neither eat nor drinke. Allthefe fignes be alfo confirmed by
Hierocles.
Moreouer, Vegetius rendereth the caufe of this difeafe; affirming that it proceedethof
aboundance of fubtile blood, which after long trauell will infametheinward or outward
mufcles of thethroat or wifand,or fuch affluence of blood may come,by vfe of hot meats
after great trauell, being fo alteratiue, as they caufe thofe parts to fwell in füch fortas the
Horfe canneither eatnor drinke, nor draw his breath. The cure according to vegetins is
inthis fore.
Firft bath his month andtongue well with hot water, and then annoinrit with the gal of
a Bull,that done giue him this drinke. Take of old oyletwo pound, of olde winea quart,
nine figs, and nine Leekes heads well ftamped and braied together. And after you haue
| 49 boiledthefe awhile before you ftraine them, put therunto alittle Nitrum Alexandrinum,
|
and giue him a quarte ofthis euery morning and euening, Ab/itus and Hierecles would
haue you to let him blood in the palate of his mouth, and alfo to pourewine andoile into
his noftrils and alfo giue him to drinkethis deco&ion of Figsand Nitrum fodden toge-
ther,or elfe to anoint his throat within with nite oyle and hony,or elfe with hony & hogs
dung mingled together,which differeth not much from Galen his medicine, to be giuen
vnto man. For he faith, that hony mingled with the powder of hogs dung that is white,
and fwallowed downe, doth remedy the fquanancy prefently. abjrtus alfo praifeth the
oyntment made of Bdellium, and when the inflamation beginneth fomwhat to decreafe,
he faieth it is good to purge the horfe, by giuing him wild Cocumber, and Nitre to drink.
5° Let his meatbe graffe ifit may be gotten, or elfe wethay, and fprinkled with Nitre. Let
his drinke alfo be lukewarme water with fome barly meale in it,
Of the Cough.
F Coughes, fome be outwardand fome be inwarde. Thofe bee outward which
doe come ofoutward caufes, as by eatinga feather, or by eating dufty or fharpe
NS. | v | ftraw
373
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x98
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
ftrawandfuchlike things : which tickling his throate; canfech him to cough: you fhal per-
ceiue it by wagging and wrying his head in his coughing, and by ftamping fomtime with
his foote, laboring to getout the thing that gricueth, him, and cannot. ‘The cure accor-
ding to Martin is chus. Take a Willow wand, rowled throughout witha finelinnen clour,
andthen annointitallouer with hony, and thruft it downe his throat;drawing your hand
to and fro,to theintent it may either driué down the thing that grieueth him;or elfe bring
it vp, and do this twice or thrice, annointing every time the fticke with frefh hony;
Of the inward and wet cough
IO -
F inward Coughs fomebe wetand fome be dry: The wetcough isthat commeth
of cold, taken afterfome great heat giuen tothe Horffe, diffoluing humors, which
_...,., being afterward con gealed, do caufe obítru&ion and ftoppiug in the lungs. Andl
callirthe wet cough, becaufethe Horfe in his coughing, will voide moift matter at his
mouthafter that itis once broken. The fignes be thefe.. The Horffe will beheauy,and his
cies wil runa water, and he wil forfake his meate, and when he cougheth, he thrufteth out
his head, and reacheth with great paineat the firft, as though hee: had a dry cough, vntill
the eame be broken, and then hee will cough more hollow, whichis a figne of amend-
ment. Andtherfore,according to Martins experience,to the intent the fleam may breake
the fooner, it fhalbeneceflary to keepe him warme, by clothing him witha doublecloth, 20
and by littering him vp to the belly with freth ftraw,and then to giue him this drinke : take
ofbarly onepeck;andboile it in 2 ,or3.gallons of faire water ,vntilthe barly begin to burft,
and boile therewith ofbruifed Licoras, of Annis-feedes, or Raifins, of each oae pound,
then flraine it, and to that liquor put ofhony a pinte, anda quarterne of Sugarcandy, and
keepeit clofe ina pot toferue the horfetherwith foute feuerall mornings, and caftnota-
way thefodden barly with the reft ofthe ftrainings, but make it hot euery day to perfume
the horfewithal, being put ina bag, and tyed to his hed,and ifthe horfe will eat of itjit (hal
do him the more good. And this perfuming in winter feafon would be vfedabout ten of
theclocke inthe morning, when the Sun is of fome height, tothe intentthe horfe may be
walked abroad, ifthe Sun fhine, to exercife him moderatly. And vntillhis cough wearea- 30
way, faile not to giue him warm water,with a little ground mault. And as his cough brea-
keth more and more, fo let his water euery beleffe warmed then other,
ofthe dry cough.
His feemethto come of fome groffe and tough humor cleaning hard to the hollow
places of thelungs which ftoppeththe wind- pips, fo as the horfe cannot eafily draw
7^ hisbreath, andif it continue, it wil either grow to the purfick, or elfe breake his wind
altogether. The figns be thefe. Hewil cough both often,drily,and alfo vehemently,with-
wy
out, voiding at thenofe, or mouth .Thecure,according to Martin, is inthis fort. Takea 40
|
clofe earthen pot,and put therein three pints offtrong vineger, and foure egs, fhels and
all vnbroken,and foure Garlikeheads cleane pilled and bruifed,and fetthe pot being very
clofe couered in fome warme dunghill, and there let it ftanda wholenight: and thenext
morning with your hand take out the egges, which will be fo foftasfilke, andlay themby,
' vntill youhane ftrained the Garlike and Vineger through a faire cloath, then put to that
liquor, a quarterneof hony, and halfea quarterne of Sugarcandy, and two ounces of Ly-
coras,and two ounces of Annis-feedes, beaten al into fine powder. And then the Horffe
hauing faftedal the night before, in the morning betwixt feuen and eight ofthe clocke,
open his mouth witha cord,andwhorle therein one of the egges, fo as he may fwallow it
downe,and then immediately poure inafter ita horneful ofthe aforefaide drinke, being 59
_ firft madelukewarme, and caft in another egge, with another horne full af drinke, and fo
continue to do, vntill he hath fwallowed vp all the egges, and drunke vp allthe drinke: and
then bridle him, and couer him with warmer cloathes then he had before, and bring him
into the ftable,and ther let him ftand on the bit, at the bare rack; wel littered vp to thebel-
lysthefpace of two houres, Then vnbit him, and ifit be in winter, offer him a handfull of
Whea-
Of the Horffe. | 273 -
wheaten ftraw :ifin fummer giue him graffe, and let him eatno hay,vnleffe it be very wel Blundevilf
dufted,and fprinkled with water,and giue him not much thereof. And therefore you (hal
| . need to giue him the more prouender,which alfo moft be wel clenfed ofal filth and duft,
and giuc him no water,the {pace of 9.daies. And if you perceiue thatthe cough doth not
weare away then ifit bein winter, purge him with thefe pilles. Take of lard two pound laid
| inwatertwo houres : then take nothing butthe cleane fat thereof, and ftainp itin à mor-
ter,and thereto put of Licoras, of Annis-feeds, of Fenegreeke, of each beaten into pow- |
der three ounces,of Aloesin powder two ounces of Agerick one ounce. Knead the{e to-
_ gether like paaft;and make thereof fix bals as big as an egge. Then the horfehauing fated
| 1o ouer night, giue him the next morning thefepilles one after another, anointed with hon
| and oile mingled together in a platter, and to the intent he may {wallow them down whe-
| — therhewilor not,when youhaue openéd his mouth catch hold of his tong,and hold it fait
| while you whirle in one ofthe pils, that done, thruft it into his throat witha roling-pin, &
| thenlet his tongue go vntill he hath fwallowed it downe :then giue him inlike mapnerall
| the reft ofthe pilles, and let him ftandon the bit warme cloathed and littered, thefpaceof
| . threeboures at the leaft andafter chat; gine him a little wet hay, and warrhe water witha
| — little ground maultin itto drinke, and let him drinke io other but warme water the fpace
|." ofawecke. And nowandthenina fairefunny day, it fhall be goodto trot him one houre
| abroad to breath him.
20
| Of the fretized, broken and rotten lungs.
‘His proceedeth as Abjirtusand Theomneftusfaich, either ofan extreame cough, ot
of vehement running, or leaping, or of ouer greedy drinking after great thirft for
the lungs be inclofed ina very thin filmeor skin,and therefore eafie to be broken,
which ifit be not cured in time, doth growto apoftumation, and to corruption, oppref-
fing all the lungs, which of old Authors is called Vowmica, and Suppuratio. Buc Theomneftus
faith, that broken lungs, and rottenlungs, betwo diuers difeafes,and haue diüers fignes;
and diuers cres. The fignes of broken lungs bethefe. The Horfe draweth his wind (hort;
go and by little atonce, he will turne his head often toward the place grieued;and groneth in
- his breathing, he is afraid to cough,and yet coughethas though he had eaten finall bones.
The fame Theomneftws healeda friends horfe of bis, whofe lunges were fretized, or rather
broken as he faith, by coritinual eating fale, with this manner of cute here following: Let
the Horffe haue quiet and reft, and then let him blood inthe hanches, where the vaines
appeare moft: and giue him to drinke the {pace of feuen daies batly or rather Ores fodden
in Goates milke : or if you can getno milke, boileit in water, and put therein fomethicke
| collops oflardeand of Deeres fewet, andlet him drinke that: and let his common drinke
in winterfeafon be the deco&ion of wheat meale; and ia fummer time, the decoction of d d
| — barly;and thisas hefayth wil binde hislungs againe together. Vegetius vtterly difalloweth BG OS
| letting of blood in any fuch difeafe as this is,& all maner of fharp medicynes, forfeare of B
|* prouoking the cough, by means whérofthe broken places can neuer heale perfeétly. And i in
|
| _ therforeneither hismedicines nor meat would be harfh, but fmooth, gentle and cooling. il RIO M
The beftimedicine that may be giuen him atall times is this : take of Fenegreeke, and of UP MN
Linceede, ofeach halfea pound, of Gum dragagant, of Maftick, ofMyrrhe, of Sugar, of it Phd |
Fitch flower, ofeach one ounce. Let allthefethings be beaten ‘into fine powdef,and then LO a
infufed one whole night ina fufficient quantity of warme Water, and the next day giue M ^
him a quatte of this lukewarme, putting thereunto two or three ounces of oile ofRofes; i ips
continuing fo to do many dayes together,and ifthe difeafe benew, this wil healhirn : yea | |
|. and it will eafc him very-tiuchalthoughthe difeafe be old, which is thought vicurable.
| © And inwinter feafon fo long as he ftandeth in the ftable, let him drink no cold water, and
let his meatbe cleane without duft, but in fummer feafon it were beftto let him runne to
|^. griffe, for fo long as he eateth graffe, a man {hal feantly perceiue this difeafe. Thus much
of broken lungs, | ToS | gv 70103 QDISHOIT -
er Kk 3c: s n.i bec esf
376 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafls.
Of putvified and rotten lungs. ' " | |
"He fignes to know whether a Horffes Jungs be putrified or rotten, according to
db orheomneffus axe thefe. The Horffe will eat and drinke greedilyer thenhe was wont
to do,he (balbeoftner vexed witha cough;andin coughing he will caftlittle lumps
of matter out at his mouth. The cure whereof according to Tacomueffus,is thus. Giue
himto drinke euery morning,the {pace of feuen daies the iuycc of Purflain mingled with
OyleofRofes, and adthereuntoa little tragagantum chat hath beenlayedbeforein fteep te |
in Goates milke, or elfe in Barly or Ocen milke, ftrained out ofthe corne. Whenthe A-
poftume is broken, thena very ftrong vile and euill fauour will come out of his Noftrils :
for remedy whereof, it fhall be good to giue him the. fpaceof feuen daies this drink here
following : take ofthe roote called Coftustwo ounces, and of Cafia or elfe of Cinamon
three ounces beaten into fine powder, anda fewe Raifinsy and giue it him to drinke with
‘wine. ButVegetius would haue him to be cured in this fort and with leffe coft Laflure you.
Take of Frankincenfe and Ariftoloch, of each two ounces, beaten into fine powder,and
giue him that with wine, or elfe take of vnburnt Brimftone two ounces.and of Ariftoloch
one ounce and a halfe beaten into powder, and giue him thatwith wine. And hee would
hauc youalfo to draw his breaftwith/a hotiron, to theintent the humors may iflue forth
outwardly. 20
Of fhortne(fe of breath.
Horffe may haue thottneffé of breath, by hafty running after drinking, or vpona
full Stomach, or by the difcending of humors vnto his throat. or lungs, after fom ex-
'.""treame heate diffoluing the faid humors, which fo long as there is nothing broken,
may in the beginning be cafily holpen. Thefignes bec thefe. The Horffe willcontinually
pant, and fetch his breath fhort, which wil come very hot outat his nofe, and in his brea-
thing he will {quife in the nofe,and his flanks will beate thicke.: yeaand fome cannotfetch
their breach vnleffe they-holdtheirneckes right outand ftraight, whi ch difeafeis called of 30/3
the old writers by the Greeke name Orthopnwa. Thecure. Let him blood in thé neck, and |
giue him this drinke, take ofwine, andoile, of each a pint, of Frankincenfe halfe an ounce;
and oftheiuyce of Horehound halfea pinte. Itis good alfo to poure into his throate ho-
ny, butter and Hogs-greace moulten together,and madelakewarme, Tiberivsfaith,icis
oodtogiue him whole egges, (hels andall, fteeped and made/foft in vineger : that isto
fay,the fict day three,the fecond day fiue;and the third day feuen,and to power wine and
and oile iato his noftrils:1 for my part would take nothing but Annis-feedes, Licoras and
Sugarcandy;beaten all into fine powder.giue him that to drinke, with wine and oile ming-
ledtogethere 55s iss | | sls bac wisi
*
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|
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Fi piwis
irisat ile 33 ald 16 4°)
cto Of the Purficke. Wem "^
7T Hisisafhortnesofbreath, andthe horfethatis fo difeafed is called ofthe Italians,
A, Canalo pulinoyor Belo, which Lchinke is deriued ofthe Latin word Vulfus, by chan-
^. (ging ¥, into B,aad [think differeth not much from him that hath brokea lungs; cal-
led of vegetius and other old writers val/us, for fuch fhortnefle of breath coms either of
the fame caufes, or elfe muchlike, asaboundance of groffz humors;cleauing harde to the
hollow places of the lungs, and ftopping the wind-pips. And the wind being kept in;doth
relort downeward as Rufius faith, into the Horfles. guts, and {o,caufeth his flanks,to beat
continually withoutordcr; that is tofay, more fwiftly-and hier vp to thebacke; then the 5°
flankesofany Horffe that is found of wind. Andif the difeate be old, itis feldome orine=
uer cured; and though I fiade many -medicines, prefcrided by,diuers Authors, fewe or
none do content me, vnleffe it be that of Yegetins, recitedbefore in the Chapter of broken — |
lungs. And if that preuaileth not, then Ithinke itwere not amiffe according to Ru/iusto
purge him with this drinke, heere following : take of Maiden haire, of Ireos, of Ath, of Li-
coras,
- Of the Horffe. : 377
coras, of Fenegreeke, of Raifins;of each halfe an ounce, of Cardanum, of pepper, of bit« Blundevile
| ter Almonds, of Baurach, of each, two ounces, ofnettle feede, and of Ariftoloch, of cach
| three ounces, boile them al together in a fufficient quantity of waterjand in that deco&ti-
on diffolue halfe an ounce of Agarike, and two oun.of Coloquintida, together with two
pound of Hony, and giue him of this a pinte ora quarte at diuers times : and ifitbetoo:
thick make it thinner, by putting therunto water wherin Licoras bath beene fodden , and
ifneede be you may alfo draw both his flankes croffe-wife with a hotiron, to reftraine the
beating of them, and alfo flit his Noftrils, to give him more aire. And ifit bee infummer
turnchim to graffc, if in winter let bim be kept warme, and giue him now and then alictle
o fodden wheat. Rufus would baue it to bee giuen him three daies together andalfo newe
fweet wine to drinke, or elfe other good wine mingled with Licoras water.
Of a Confumption.
_, Confumptionis none other thing butan exulceration of the lunges, proceeding of .
A fome fretting or gnawing humor,de{cending out of the head into the lungs. And I
take it to be that difeafe which the old writers are wontto cal the dry Malady : which
| perhaps fome wold rather interpret to be the mourning ofthe chine, with whom I intend
| notto ftriue. But thus much I muft needes fay, that euery Horffe hauing the mourning
| 4o ofthe Chine, doth continually caftat the nofe, but in the dry Malady it is contrary. For
| all the Authorsthat write thereof affirme, that the Horffe auoideth nothing at the Nofe.
Andthefigus be to know the dry Malady, according to their do@rin, be thefe. His flefh
doth cleane confume away, his belly is gaunt, and the skinne thereof {o harde ftretched,
or rather fhrunke vp,as if you ftrike on him with your hand it willfound like a Tabar, and
he will be hollow backt,and forfake his meat,and though he eatethit,(as Ab/firtwsfaithyyet
he doth not digeftir, nor profpereth not withall, he would cough and cannot but hicking-
ly,as though he had eaten fmall bones. And this difeafe isiudged of all the Authorsto.
be incurable. Notwithftanding, they fay, that itis good to purge his head withfuch per-
| fumes ashaue beene (hewed you before in the Chapter ofthe Glanders, and alfo to giue
| go himalwaies Coleworts, chopt fall with his prouender. Some would haue him to drinke
|^ the warmeblood offucking pigs new flaine, and fome the iuyce of Leekes, with oileand
wine mingling together. Others praife wine and Frankincenfe, fome oyleand Rue, (ome
would hauc his body to be purged andfet to graffe.
VMCf-tietEMSo cM
GENERE o cop nr
Such ruo ede s
e RETE
Of the con[umption of the flefh, ana how to make a leane . i
Harfe fat.
Artin faith that ifa Horfe take a great cold after a heat it wil caufe his eth to watts pr Y
and his skin to wax hard and dry, aud to cleaue faft to his fides, and hee fhallhaue Ba b
49 no appetite vato his meat, and the fillets of his backe wil falaway, and alltheflefh “ dus RE |
of his buttocks, and of his fhoulders, will be confumed, The cure whereot is thus. Take BEGUN
two fheepes heads vat lead, boile them in three gallons of Ale;or faire running water, M "
vntill the eth be confumed from the bones, that done, ftrain it through a fine cloth;and. 43 RN
then put thereunto of Sugar one pound, of Cinamon two ounces, of conferue of Rofes, v e |
| of Barberries,of Cherries, of each two ounces; and mingle them together, and giuethe Wea it
| Horfle euery day inthe morning, a quart thereoflukewarme, vntil all be fpent: and after | i
| euery time he drinketh, lethim be walked vp and downe inthe ftable, or elfe abroade if B amd: |
| — theweatherbe warme, aad not windy, and let him neither eate nor drinke intwo houres Bm rd
| - after,andlet him drinke no cold water, but lukewarme, the {pace of fifteene daies,and let i Pine is
| him befed by little amd little, with fuch meate as the Horfe hath moft appetite vnto. But I P
| ifthe horfe bene(h and tertder,& fo wax lean without any apparant griefe or difeafe, then |
|
'
the old writers would haue him tobe fed now and then with partched Wheat, and alfo to
| drinke VVine with his water, and eate continually wheate bran mingled with his prouen- TATUR TI^
| der, vntill hec waxe ftronge, and hee mutt be often dreffed and trimmed, and lye fofte, MME ] uw
Ea Kk 3 with- V ULM NI |
hu |
à (d
"ON
378 The Hiftory of Fourefooted Beafts.
without the which things his meat will do him but little good. And his meat muftbe fine
and cleane, and giuen him often and by littcleat once. Ruffims faith,that ifa Horffe eating
his meatwith good appetite, doth notfor al that profper, but is ftilleane : then itis good |
togiuehim Sage, Sauin, Bay berries, Earth-nuttes, and Boares greace, to drinke with |
wine : or to giue him the intrals ofa Barbell or Tench, with white Wine. He faith aifo |
that fodden Beanes mingled with Branne and Salt, will makea leane Horffe fat in very |
BEEN 0 3. fhort fpace. |
DEN ||—— - Ofgriefein the breaft.
| BI i Blundevile 3
e
Be
Aurentius Rujfius writeth ofa difeafe called in Italian Grauezza di petto, 10
which hath not beene ii experience among ft our Ferrers, that I can learn.
thus. Let him bloode on both fides ofthe brea(t in the accoftomed vaines, arid rowell
bim vnderthe breaft,andtwicea daye turne the rowells with your hand, to moouethe
humours thatthey may yffue forth , andlec him goefo roweled the fpace of fifteene
Of the paine of the heart called Anticor that js to fay, Contrary
to the heart. 20
His proceedeth of aboundance of ranke blood bred with good feeding &
ouermuch reft : which blood reforting to the inward parts doth fuffocate
the heart, and many times caufeth fwellinges to appeare before the breatt,
whichwill grow vpwardetothe necke, and then itkilleth the Horfle. The
d fignes. The Horfe will bang downe his headin the manger, forfaking his
meate,and is not able to lift vp his head. The cure according to Marti isthus. Let him
blood on both fides aboundantly in the plat vaines,and then giue him this drinke stake
a quart of malmefie, and putthereunto halfe a quarterne of Sugar, and two ounces of Ci-
. namon, and giueit himlukewarme, then keepe him warme in the ftable, ftuffing him well 30
about the ftomach that the wind offend him no manner of way, and giue him warme wa-
ter with mault alawiesto drinke, and giue him fuch meate as he will eate. And ifthefwel:
ling do appeare, then befidesletting him blood, ftrikethe fwelling n diuers places with
your fleame that the corruption may goe forth : and annoint theplace with warme Hogs
ereace and thatwil either make it to weare away or elfe to grow toa head, if it be couered |
andkept ware. |
: Of tired Hor ffes.
Icaufe we are in hand ficere with the vitall pattes, and that when the Horffesbetyred
with ouermuch labour, their vitall {pirics wax feeble;Ithinke it beft to fpeakofthem 49
even heere, not withlong difcourfing as Vegerius vfeth, but briefely tofhewyou how
to refre(h the poore Horffe bauing neede thereof, whichis doone chiefely by giving him
ret, warmth and good feeding, as withwarme mafhes and plenty of prouender. And to
quicken hisfpirits, it fhallbe good to pourea little oyle and vineger into his Noftrils, and
to giue him the drinke of (heeps heads recited beforeinthe Chapter of confumption of
theflefh, yea andalfo tobath his Legges with this bath : take of Mallowes; of Sage; of
each two or three handfuls, and aRofe-cake : boile thefe things together, and being boy-
led,then put vnto ita good quantity ‘of butter or of Sallet-oyle. Or elfe make him this
charge: take of Bole Armony and of Wheat-flower of each halfea pound, and alitrle Ro-
zen beaten into powder, and a quart of (trong vineger, and mingle themitogether, and 59
couer all his Legs therewith, and if it be fummer, turne him to graffe. ;
»
Of the Horffe.
Of the difeafed parts under the midriffe, and firftofthe
| flomacke.
Heold Authors make mention of many difeafes incident to a horfes ftomacke, as
loathing of meat, fpewing vp his drinke, furfetting of prouender, the hungry cuil,
and fuch like, which few ofour Ferrers haue obferued : andthercfore I wil breefely
fpeake of as many as I thinke neceffary to bee knowne, and firft of theloathing of meate.
10 Of the loathing of meat.
Horffe may loath his meat through the imtemperature of his ftomack, as fot
that itis too hot or too cold.Ifhis ftomacke be too hot, then moft common-
| ly it will either infame his mouth and: make itto breake outin bliflers, yea
| and perhaps caufe fome cancker to breed there.’ The cure of all which thirigs
| OE
hath beene taught before. But if he forfake his meat onely for very heat, which you fhal
perceiueby the hotneffe of his breath and mouth,then coole his flomack’by giuing him
cold water mingled with alittle Vinegerandoileto drinke, or elfe giue him this drinke.
Take of milke, and of wine, of each one pinte, and putthereunto three ounces of Me/ Ro-
5o fatum and wath al his mouth with Vineger and file. If his ftomacke betoo colde, then his
haire wil ftare and ftand right vp, which A4b//rtusand others were wont to cüre;by giuing
the horfe good wine and ojle to drinke, and fome would feethin wine Rew, or Sage, fome
wouldadde thereuntowhite Pepper and Mirre, fome woulde giue him Onions and Roc-
ket feed to drinke with wine, Againe there be other fomewhich prefcribe the blood, ofa
young Sow with old wine. 4bfirtus would haue the horfe to eatthe green blades of whear,
ifthe time of the yeare wil ferue for it. Columella {aith,that ifa horffe or anie other beafte,
doloathhis meate itis good to giue him wines and thefeede of Gith, or elfe Wine and
flampt garlicke.
Of cating out his drinke.
8 , | Mui
, Egetiusfaith, thatthe horfe may haue fucha Palfie proceeding of cold in his ftomack
as he is notable to keepe his drinke; but many times to caft itout again at his moath.
The remedy whereofisto let him blood inthe necke, and to giue him cordial drinkes,
that is to fay, made of hotteand comfortable fpices, andalfo to annoint alhis breaft and
vider his fhoulders with hot oyles, and to purge his head, by blowing vp into his No-
' ftrils, pouders that prouoke neezing,fuch as haue beenetaught you before: .
| Of furfetting with glut of prouender.
He glut of prouender or other meat not digefted,: doth caufeahorfeto haue great
4° paine in his body, foas hee is not ableto flande onhis feete; but lyeth downe, and
waltereth as though he hadthe Bots. The cure whereof according to Martins expé-
rience, isin this fort. Let him blood in thenetke, then trot him vppeand downe forthe
{pace ofan houre; and if he cannot ftale, drawout his yard; and wath it witha little white
wine, luke warme; ahd thruftinto his yard either a brufed cloule of Garlicke;:or elfe ality
tle oile of Cammomile, with à wax candle. If he cannot dung, then rake his fundament;
and giue him this glifter.Take of Mallowstwo or three handt{uls, andboile them ina pot:
tleoffairerunning water, and when the mallowsbe fodden, then ftrainé itjánd putthere:
vota quart of fre(h Butter; and halfe a pinte of oile Oliues:and hauing receiued this gli-
fter, lead him vp and downe; vntill he hath‘emptied his belly then fet hir vp,.and Keepe
him hungry the {pace of three or foure daies,and the hay that heeateth, let it befprinke-
$0 led with water, and let him drinke water, wherein fhoüld be put alitde bran,and when he
hath drunke, giue him thebranto eate, and give him little or no prouender at al, forthe
{pace of eight or cen daies. ? 159/015] Sv tetail "Te
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379
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380
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Of another kind of [urfetting with meat or drinke, calledof vs,
founderingin the body. '
"His difeafeis called.of the old writers in Greeke Grithiafis, in Latine Hordiatio, it
comniethas they lay by cating of much provender fuddainely after labour; whilft
Blutdevile .. ~~. the horfeis hotand panting, whereby his meate not being digefted, breedeth e-
vill humors, which by little andlidle dofpread thoroughout his members, and at length
do opprefie all his body, and doe cleane takeaway his ftrength, and make him infucha
cafe,as he can neither goe, nor bow hisioyntes, nor being laide, he is notable to rifea-
gaine,neither canhe ftale but with great paine.It may come alfo, as they faie,of drinking
too muchin trauelling by the waie whenthe horfe is hor, but then it 1s noto dangerous,
as when it commeth of cating too much.
-—- But howfocuer it commeth, they faieall, that the humours will immediatelie reforte
downe into the horfeslegges, and feetjand make him to.caft his hooues : andtherfore I
muft needs iudge it to beno other thing buta plaine foundering which word foundering
is borrowed,as I take ir,of the French word Funds, that is tofay, molten.For foundering
is a melting or diffolutionof humors, which the Italians cal »fuffene, Martiz maketh di-
ners kindes of foundering, as thefoundering ofthe bodie, which the French men call
moft commonly Morfuzds, and foundering inthe legs and feet, alfo foundering before
and behind, which fome Authors doe denie, as Magi/fer Maurus, and Laurentius Rufus,
affirming that there are fewer humors bebind than before, andthat.they cannot eafily
be diffolued or molten,being fo far diftant from the hart, & the other vital parts. VV here-
unto a man mightanlwere; that the natural heat ofthe hart doth not caufe diffolution of
humors, but fome vnnaturall and accidentall heate, fpred throughout all the members,
which is daily proued by good experience: For we fec horfes foundered. not only before
or behindjbut alfo of al fourelegs at once, which moftcommonly chanceth either by ta-
king cold fodenly aftera great heate, ‘as by ftanding ftil vpon fome cold pauement, or a-
broad in the cold wind,or els perhaps the horfe trauelling by the way and being in a fweat
was fuffred to ftand in fome cold-water whilft he did drinke,which was worfe then his drin-
king : for in the mean time the cold entering at his feet, afcended vpward,and congealed
the humors which the heatbefore had diffolued, and thereby when he :commeth once to
reft,he waxeth ftiffe and lame of his legs But leauing to {peak of foundering in thelegs, as
wel beforeas behind,vntil we come to the griefs in thelegs. & feet, we intend to talk here
only of foundringin the body according to Martins experience. The fignes to know ifa
horfe befoundered'in the body.be thefe.His haire wil ftare;and he wil be chil,and fhrug
for cold,and forfake his meat hanging down his head;and quiuer after cold water,and af-
ter2. ot 3. daies he wil beginto:cough.The cure;according to Martin is thus.Firft {cour
his belly with the glifter laftmentioned, and then giue him a comfortable drink made in
16
20
30
this fort ‘Take of Malmfie aquart, of Sugar halfea quartern,of hony halfe a quarternejof 4°
Sinamon halfean ounce; of Licorasand Annis feedesy of each two {poonfuls,beaten into
fine powder swhich being put into the Malmfie, warme them togither atthe fire; fo as the
hony may be molten jand then giue it him lukewarm :that done; walke him vp and.down
in the warme ftablethe fpace of halfe anhoure, and then let him ftand onthe bit 2. org:
houres without meat, butlet himbewarme couered; and wel littered;'and giue hir hay:
fprinkled with a little waterjand-clean fifted prouender bya little atonce; and let his water
be warmed with alittle oromad Malttherein.And ify oufee him fomewhat cheered, then
fet him blood:ia the neck,arid.alfo perfume him once a day witha little Frankincenfe, and
víeto walke him abroad whenthe weatherisfaire and not windy;ot els in the houfeifthe
weather be foule : and by thus vfing him you fhal quickly recouer hime: 191]
ia 50 Of the hungry euill.
wj Bt
^T Hisisa verie great defireto eat, following fomegreat emptineffe; or lacke of meates
- X anditis called ofthe olde Authorusby the Greeke name Bulimos, which isas much
| to
; $0
10
20
Of the Horffe.: l
to fay, asa great hunger proceeding, as the Phyfitians fay, atthe firft offorne extréame
outward cold, taken by long travelling in cold barren places, and efpecially where fnow
aboundeth, which outward cold caufeth the ftomacke to be cold and the inward powers
tobe feeble. The cureaccording to Abfyrtus and Hierocles, isin thebeginniog to com^
fortthe horfes ftomacke, by giving him bread fopt in wine. And ifyoube ina place of
reft,to giue him wheat flower and wineto drinke, or to make him cakes or bals offlow-
er and wine kneadedtogither, and to feed him with that, or with wine and nuttes of pine
trees. Hierocles faith, ifany fuchthing chaunce by the way whereas no flower is to be had;
then it (hallbebeftto giue him wine and earth wroughttogither, eitherto drinke or elfe
toate in bals. hase |
Of the difeafein the liner.
; Lithe olde Authors fpeake much ofthe paine in the liuer, but none of
&Y || them do declarewhereof it commeth, or by what meanes, faving that
Hippocrates faith, that fome horfes get it by violent running vpon fome
ftony or hard ground. Ifor my part thinke that the liuer of a horfeis
| fubie& toas many difeafesas the liuer ofa man, and therefore may be
pained diuerfly. Asfometimeby the intemperatneffe of the fame; as
for that itis perhaps too hot, ortoo cold, too moift,or too dry :fometimes by meanes of
euill humors, as choler, or flegme abounding inthe fame, according s the liuer is ey-
ther hot or cold : for heat breedeth choler, and cold, flegme, by means of which intem«
perature proceedeth all the weakenes oftheliuer.It may be painedalfo fometime by ob-
ftru&ion and ftopping, and fometime by hard knobs, inflammation, Apoftume, or vicer
bred therein, fometime by confumption of the fubftance thereof: The fignes of heate and
hot humors, bethefe, loathing of meat, great thirft, and loofenes of belly, voiding dung
of ftrong fent, andleaaneffe of body. The fignes ofcold, and cold humors be thefe :ap-
petite to meat without thirlt, a belly neither continually loofe nor ftiptike,but betweene
times,no ftrong fent of dung, norleanneffe of body, by which kind of fignes, both firfte
and laft mentioned; and fuch like, the weakeaeffe & greefe of the liver is alfo to bee lear-
ned and fought out-Ob ftrudtion or {topping moft commonly chancethby travelling ot
3o lab oring vpona full ftomacke, whereby the meat not being perfe&ly digefted, breedech
groffeand tough huinoutrs, which humours by vehemency ofthe labour, are alfo driuen
violently into thef mall vaines, whereby the liuer (hould receiue good nutriment, and fo
breedethobitru&tion and ftopping. The fignes whereof in mans body is heauineffe and
diftenfion, or fwelling, with fome griefe inthe right fide vader the fhort ribs, and efpe-
cially when he laboureth imediately after meat, which things I beleeue if it were diligent
ly obferued, were eafie enough to find ina horfe;by his heauie going at his fetting forth
and often turning his head to the fide greeued. Ofan olde obftru&ion, and efpecially if
the humors becholericke, breedeth many timesa hardeknobon the liuer, called ofthe
Phyfitians Scherrus; which in mans body may befelt, ifthe body bee not ouer fat : and it
49 i more eafie for him tolieon theright fide than onthelefte, becaufe that lying on the
left fide, the weight ofthe knob would oppreffe the ftomacke and vitall partes verye fore,
by which fignes rüethinkes a dilligentFerrermaylearne, whether ahorfe hath any fuch
difeafe or not. The inflammation ofthe liuer:commeth by meanes thatthe blood either
through the abundance, thinneffe, boiling heat; or fharpenes thereof,or elfethroughthe
violenceof fome outwarde caufe; breaketh out ofthe vaines;and f loweth into the bodie
of theliuer, and ciere being out of his proper vefiels doth immediatly putrifie and isin-
flamed, and th erewith corrupteth fo much lefhie fubftaunce ofthe liueras is imbrewed
withallsand therefore forthe moft part; the hollowfide ofthe liuer isconfumed :yeajand
o formetime the full fide:
This hotte bloody/matterthen is-properlie called an inflammation, which by naturall
heate is afterwarde turned. intoaplaine corruption, and then itis calledan-Impoftume,
which if it breake out and run, then itis calledaw Vlcer; or filthie fore : Thus youfee, of
one euill'Fountaitie may fpring diuers greefs, requiting diuers cures. And thogh none of
mine Authours, tiorianie other Ferrer that [know haue waded thus farre; yet 1 pei
: * ‘ x goo
381
Inge co eee eS
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EE e EET
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as ee —— : nas sre TP -
TU Special Aio ees ont ae Sa en rm erm vie
t 3 - 5a Sa ai eror og
— oe
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
blusdevile goodby witing thus much, to giue fuch Ferrers as be wife, difcreetand diligent; occa-
fion to feeke for more knowledge and vnderftanding than is taught them, and methinkes
that it is a great (hame;that the Ferrers of this age fhould not know much more than the
Ferrers of oldtite, fith that befides that, the olde mens knowledge isnot hidden from
them,they haue alfo their own experience, and timealfo bringeth euery day new things
to light.But nowto proceede in difcourfing of theliuer according tothe Phyfitians doc-
trine as I haue begunne, I fay then ofan inflammation in the hollowe fide of theliuer, the
fignes be thefe: loathing of meat, great thirft, loofenes of belly, eafie lyeng on the right
fide, and paineful lyeng on the left.But if the inflammation beon thefull fide or {welling
fide of che liuer, then the patient is trobled with difficulty of breathing with a dry cough
and grecuous paine,pulling and twitching the wind-pipe, and to lie vpon the right fide is
more painful thanthe left, andthe fwelling may be felt witha mans hande. Butyou muft
vnderftand by the way, that al thefe things laft mentioned be the fignes of fome great in
flammation, for {mal inflammations hauenofuch fignes, but are to be iudged onely by
gricfe vnder the fhort ribs and fetching ofthe breath.
The fignes of Apoftumation is painefuland great heate- The fignes of Vicerations
is decreafe ofthe heat with feeblenes and fainting. For the filthy matter flowing abroad
with euil vapours corrupteth the heart, and many times caufeth death. The fignes of the
confumption ofthe liuer, (hal bee declared in the next chapter, and as for the curiag of
al other difeafes before mentioned, experience muf firft teach it ere Ecan write it. Not- 20 .
withftanding, Icannot thinke but that fuch things as are good to heale thelike difeafes
in mansbody are alfo good for a horfe, for hisliuer islikein fubftaunce and fhape toa
mans liuer, differing in nothing but onely in greatneffe.And therefore I would with you
to learne at the Phyfitians hands, who I amfure firft, as touching the weakenes of the Li- -
uer, proceeding of the vntemperatenes thereof, wil bid you to heale euery fuch vntem-
peratnes by his contrary 5 thatis to fay, heat, by colde, and drineffe by moifture :and fo
contrary: And therefore it (bal bee veryeneceffary for youto learnethe qualities, na-
tures, and vertues of hearbs,drugs,andal other fimples, and how to apply them in time.
And for to healethe obftcuGtion of the liuer, they wil counfel you perhaps to make the
horfe drinkes of fuch fimples as thefebe, Agrimony, Fumitory, Camomile, VWWorme-
wood, Licoras, Annis feeds, Smallage, Períly, Spiknard, Gentian, Succorie, Endiue,
Sperage,Lupins, the vertues whereof youfhalllearne in the herbals: but amongeft all
fimples, there is none more praifed than the liuer ofa VVoolfe beaten into powder, and
mingled in any medicine thatis made for any difeafe in the liuer.
The cure of an inflammation confifteth in letting blood, and in bathing or fomenting
the fore place with fuch hearbesand oyles, as may mollifie and difperfe humors abroad,
wherewith fome fimples that be aftrigent would be alwaies mingled: yea, and in al other
medicines that beapplyed to the liuer, for any manner of difeafes. Simples that mollifie
and difperfe bethefe: Linfeed, Fenegreeke: Camomel, Annisfeedes, Meliot : and fuch
like things.Simples aftringent be thefe : Red Rofe leaues,Bramble leaues,VVormwood,
Plantaine, Mirrhe, Mafticke, Stirax, and fuch like. Apoftumes are to beripendand voi-
^ ded .Vicersmuftbe clenfed, and fcowred downward either by the belly or by Vrine : and
therefore the vfe of fuch fimples as prouoke vrine in fuch cafe is neceffary: The olde wri-
ters ofhorfeleach craft do fay, that when a horfeis greeued in his lier, he wil forfake his:
$30
40
meat,and his body wil wafte, hismouth wil be dry,histongue rough and harfh : yea,and it ~
wil{mel, and he wil refufe tolye on that fide where his priefe is. The:cure whereofaccor-
ding to Ab/rtusisin this fort. Let him drink fampt Ireos with winealayed with'water.
Hee praifeth alfo an hearbe muchlikevnto Calamint : called of Pliny, Pelymeri4, ox let
him drinke Sauerie with wine and oyle.Ithinke that Agrimony or liuer-woortis as good
as thebeft ofthem. Ab/ivtus would haue his body to be chafed with wine and oile mixt to
gither : and to be wel littered that he may liefoft :and his prouendet that fhouldbe gi-
uen him to be fteeped firft in warme water: and now and then ome Nitrum tobe putin
his drinke: | Of thecon[nmptien inthe Liner. 531024 113: dod
Josiscie that noinward member ofa horfe doth fuffer fo much as the lungs and fuer,
$9
and that notfo muchby continual asby vnordinate, and vntimely txauaile, labour, -
and
1o
20
[9] a—
i cee
o
while I may profit themanie way.
* Ofthe Horffe.
and exetcife, whereby either the horfes lunges, or his liuer do moft commonly perith,
andis confumed : yea, and fometime both, Ofthe confumption ofthe lungs, we haue
talked fufficiently before : therefore let vs shew you heerethe caufes whereofthe con-
fumptionof the liuer proceedeth, The Phyfitians fay, that it may come of anie humour,
but chiefelie and moft commonlie ofcholericke matter, fhedthroughoutthe fubítance
of the liuer, which putrifieng by little aad little, and leifurely, doe:h at length corrupt
and perifh all the fübftance ofthe liver, which thing in mans body doth firi proceede,
as the phyfitians fay, either by eating corrupt meates, or elfe by continuall drinking of
Íweet wines. : j
But methinkes thatthe confumption ofa horfes liuer, fhould come by fome extream
heat,infiaming the blood, which afterward being putrified, doeth corrupt and exulce-
rate the fubftance of theliuer.For after inflammation, as I faide before, commeth Apo-
ftumation, and then exulceration, which is very hardto cure, becaufe the fubftance of
the liuer isfpongeouslike vnto the Lunges. Andwhilfttheliueris fo corrupted, there
can bee no good digeftion, for lacke whereof the body receiueth nogood nutriment,
and therefore muftineedes alfolanguiíh and confume. The fignes according to Marr
tin bethefe. . | | a
The horfe will forfake his meat, and wil ftande ftretching himfelfe in length, and ne-
ver couettolie downe, and his breath will be fo {trong asno man can abide it, and he wil
continually caft yellowifh matter atthe one no(rill, or elfe at both, according as one or
both fides ofthelyueris corrupted, and on that fide that he cafteth moft,he will haue vn-
der his iaw, euen aboutthe mid(t thereof aknob or kirnellas much asa Walnut, which
when Martin findeth; hee committeth his carcaffeto the Crowes, taking him to bee paft
cure: Butifhe wereletblood in time, and had fuch drinkesgiuen him, asare goodto
comfortand ftrength the liuer,he thinketh that the horfe might berecouered. [neuer
readany medicinefor the wafting of the liner, as Iremember, but this onely diet ,which
I found in an oldeEnglith booke. Lethim drinke for the fpace of three daies no other
thing but warme wort, and let him eate no other meat but Oates baked in an ouev, and
Jet him ftand meatleffe the fir (t night before you giue him the woort : But I thinke it were
go notamiffe to put intothe wort that he dijaketh euery morning fome good confe&ion or
powder made of Agrimony, ted Rofe leaues, Saccharum, Rofaceum, Diarchadon, AAbba-.
tis, Diafantalon, Licoras and ofthe Jiuer ofa Woolfe,' and fuch other fimples as doe
comfort and ftrengthen the liuer, or elfe to giue himthe famethings with Goates milke
lukewatme.
Of the difeafes in the Gall.
UES N my opinion the gall ofa horfe is fubie& to divers difeafes, as wel as the gal
is As | of aman, as to obítru&ion, whercof commetb the fulneffe and emptines of
$71. 5 the bladder and likewife the ftoneinthegall. But obfttu&ion may, chaunce
eee 861 two manner of waies : Fitft, when the waie, whereby the choler fhould pro-
de from theliuer.vntothe bladder ofthe gallas vnto his receptacle, is. lopped, and
thereby the bladder remaineth empty, whereof may {pring diuers euill accidents : as vor
mitting, the lax or bloody flix. Secondly, when the way whereby füch choler (hould yf
(ueforth of the bladder of the Gall downe into the guts is fhut vp, wherby the bladder is
ouer fulland aboundeth with too much choler, which caufeth heauinefle, fuffocation,
belching, hear,thirft, and difpofition to angrinefle. The fignes.of both kinds of obftru&ti-
onin the gall is coftiuenes and yellowifhnes of skininfe&ed with the yellow Taundis. The
ftone in the gall which is fomewhat blackith proceedeth of the obftru&ion of the con-
duites of the bladder, whereby the choler being long kept in, waxeth dry and turneth at
length to harde grauell or ftones, whereof becaufe thercis neither fignes nor any grec-
uous accident knowne tothe Phyfitians, [ leaneto talkeanie farther thereof, and thera-
ther for that none of mine Authors do make anie mention of the gall at all. Notwithftan-
ding to giue fome light vnto the lerned Ferrets, and that they may the better vuderftand
the inward partes ofa horfe, I thought good to writethusmuch, thinking, itno time loft
x?
393
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q be Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Of the difeayes in the Spleene.
THe Splene,as I haue faidbeforein many places, is the receptacle of melancholy,
and of the dregs of blood; and is fübie& to the like difeafes that the liuer i5 , that is
to fay, to {welling, obftru&ion, hard knobs and inflamation :forthe fubftance of
the fpleneis fpongeous, and therefortapt to fucke in al filth andto dilate it felfejy here-
fore being ful it muft needs fwel, which wil appeare in the left fide vnder the fhort ribs,
and fuch {welling caufeth alfo (hortneffe of breath, and efpecially when the body doth
labour of tranel.It is painful alfo to lieon the right fide, becaufethefplene being {wollen
fo oppreffeth the midriffe, and efpecially when the (tomacke is ful of meat, and the pati-
ent hath woife difgeftion than appetite, andis troubled with much winde, both vpwarde
and downeward.Moreouer the vapor of the humor doth offend the hart,making it faint
and cauifeth althe body to be heauy and dul, and if fuch {welling be fuffered to go vncu-
red, then ifitbe amelancholy humor, and abounding ouer-much, it waxeth euery day
thicker and thicker, caufing obftru&ion not onely in the vaines and artires, which isto
be perceiuied by heauine ffe and greefe on the left fide, bur alfo inthe fpleneit felf, where-
as by vertue of the heatit is hardned euery day more and more, and foby little and lit-
tle waxeth to ahardknob,which doth not only occupy al the fub(tance of the fplene,but
alfo many timesal the left fide ofthe wombe, and thereby maketh the euil accidents or
griefes before recited much more than they were.
Nowas touching the infammation ofthe fplene which chaunceth very fildome, for
fo muchas every inflammation proceedeth of pure blood, which fildome entereth into
thefplene: I fhal notneed to make many words, but refer you ouer to the chapter of the
Liver, for in füch cafe they differ not, but proceeding of like caufe, hauealfo like fignes,
and do requirelike cure. The old writers fay, that horfes be ofcenjereeued with griefe in
the fplene, and {pecially in Summer feafon with greedy eating of {weet green meats, and
they cal thofehorfes L/emofos, that is to fay fplenetike. The fignes whereof (fay they) are |
thefe, hard {welling on the left fide, (hort breath, often groning,and greedy appetite to
meat, The remedie whereof according to Abfirtus is to make a horfe to fweat oncea day
during.a certaine time, by riding him or otherwif trauelling him, and to poureintohis
left noftril euery day the iuycc of mirabolans mingled with wine and water, amounting in
. alto the quantity ofa pint.But methinks it would do him more good, ifhe drank itas Hie-
yocles would haue him to do. Ewmelius praifeththis drinke : take of Cumminfeed and of
hony, of eackfix ounces, and of Lacerpitiumas much asa beane, of Vinegera pint, and
put al thefe into three quartes of water, and let it ftand fo al night, and the next morning
giuethehorfethereofto drinke, being kept over nightfafting. Theonne/tws praifeththe
deco&ion of Capers, efpecially i£ the barke of the rootthereof may be gotten fodden in
water toa firrop.Or elfe make him a drinke of Garlick, Nitrum, Hore-houndjand worm-
wood, fodden in harfh wine : and he would haue the left fide to be bathed in warme water
and to behard rubbed. And ifal this wil not helpe, then to giue him the fire which Ab/r-
tus dothnot allowfaying the fplene lyeth fo, as it cannot eafily bee fired, todo himanye
good.But forfomuch as the liner and{plene aremembers much occupied in the ingen-
dringand feperating of humors, many euilaccidents and griefes doe take their firft be-
sinning of them, as the Iandis, called in a horfe, the yellowes, drineffe of body,andcon-
fumption of the fle(h, without any apparant caufe why, which the Phifitians call Arrophia
alfo euill habite ofthe bodie, called of them Chachexia,and the Dropfie. But firft wee will
fpeake ofthe Iaundis or Yellowes.
Of the Yellowes.
HePhyfitians in a mans body do maketwo kinds of Iandis : thatis tofay, the Yel-
low proceeding of choler difperfed throughout the whole body, and dieng the skin
yellow, and the blacke proceeding of melancholic, difperfed likewife throughout
the whole bodie,and making al the skin blacke.And asthe yellow Iaundis commeth M
i oR CAR M o the
Of the Horffe. | 385
the mof part, either by obftruéction or ftopping ofthe cundits belonging tothe bladder
ofthe gall, which (as I aid before) is the receptableofCholer,or by fome inflamation of
the liuer,wherby the blood is conuerted into choler,& fo {preadeth throughout the bo-
dy :euenfo the black Iandis cometh by meane of fome obftru@ion ia the liaer-vain, that
goethtothe fplene;no: fuffering thefpleene to do his office, in receiuing the dregs of the
blood from the liuer,wherin they abound too much, or elfe for that che { pleene isalready
too ful of dregs, and fo theddeththein backe againe into the vaines. But as forthe blacke
Iandis they haue not bin obferued to be in horfes as in mé, by any of our Ferrers in thefe
daies that I can learn. And yer the old writers of horfeleach-craft, do feemeto make two
1o kindes of Landis, called of them Cholera, thatis to fay, the dry Choler, andalfo the moift
choler. The figns ofthe dry choler,as Abjrtus faith,is great heat in the body,and coftiue-
neffe of the belly wherof itis faid to be dry. Moreouer,the horfe wil not couet to lie down,
becaufe he is fo pained in his body, and his mouth will be hotand dry.
Itcommeth, as he faith, by obítru&ion of the cundit, wherby the choler fhould refore
into the bladder of the gal, and by obítru&ionalfo of the vrin veflels, foas he cannot ftale,
The cure according to his experience, is to giue him a glifter made of oile, water aud Ni-
trum,%<to give him no prouender, beforethat you haue raked his fundament, and to po-
wer the decoGion of Mallowes mingled with {weet wine into hisnoftrils and let his rneate
be graffe, or elfe fweet hay {prinkled with Nitre and water, andhe muft reft from labor, &
20 be oftenrubbed, Herocles would haue him to drinke the deco&ion of wild coleworts fod-
den in wine, Again ofthe moift choler of Iandis,thefe arethe fignes. The horfes cies will
looke yellow, and hisnofirils willopen wide, his earesand his flanks wil fweat,and his ftale
will be yellow and cholerick, and he wil grone when he lieth downe, which difeafe the taid
Abfirtus was wont to heale, as he faith,by giuingthe Horffe a drinke made of Timeand
Cumin, of eachlike quantity ftampt together, and mingled with wine, hony,and watery
andalfo by letting him blood in the pafterns. This laft difeafe feemeth to differ nothing at,
all from that which our Ferrers cal the yellowes. The figns wherof, according to Martin,
be thefe. The Horfe will bee faint,andi{weatas hee ftandethin the ftable, and forfakehis
meat :and his tes, and the infide of his lips and all his mouth within will be yellow. The
| go cure whereof according to himis inthis fort. Let him bloode in the Necke vaine, a good,
quantity, and then giuc him this drinke : take of white wine, of Alea quart, and put there-
unto of Saffron, turmericke, of each halfe an ounce, and the iuyce that is wroong out of a
handfull of Celendine, and being lukewarme, giue itthe Horfe to drinke,andkeepe him
warmethe {pace of three or foure daics, giving him warme water witha little bran in it.
| OftheYelzwes — FO | |
P[sHe yellowes isa general difeafein horffes, and differ nothing from the yellow-iandife.
in men : it is mortall, and many horfes die chereof ; the fignes to knowitis thus: pull Lian;
downe the lids ofthe horffes eies, andthe white ofthe eie will beeyellow,theiofide of his MArFbam.
4 lips wil be yellow, and gums, the cure followeth. Firft let him bloode inthe palat ofthe
mouth,thathe may flick vp the fame, then giue him this drink: take of ftrong Alea quart,
of the greene ordure of Geefe ftrained, three or foure fpoonefuls : ofthe inyce of Salen-
dineas much, of faffron balfe an ounce, mixthefe together, and being warme; giue it the
horfe to drinke. : [3]
"Of the euill habit of the body, andof the dropfie. sas)
AS touching the drines and confamotion of the fle(h, without any apparant caufe why,
called of the Phyfitians as I faid before Atrophia, Yknow not what to fay more then I
haue already before inthe chap.of confumption of the fle(h, and therefore refort thither.
Andas for the euil habit of the body, which is to be euil colored, heauy,dul,& ofno force;
ftrength,nor liuelines,conimeth not for lack of nutriment,but for lack of good nutriment,
o for thatthe bloodis corrupted with flegme,choler, or melancholy, proceeding eicher fro
thefpleene;or elfe through weakencffe of the ftomach or Liuer;caufing euill digeftion,or
it may come by foule feeding : yea, & alfo for lacke of moderate exercife. The euilihabit
ofthe body, is next cofia to the dropfic, whereofthough our Ferrers hauehadno expe-
'rience, yet becaufe mine old Authors writing of horfelcach-craft do fpeak much thereof:
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The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Ithinke it good heere briefely to fhew you their experience therein , that isto fay, howto
know it,and alfo how to cureit. Butfithnone of them do fhew the caufe whereof it pro-
ceedes, Ithinke it meete firft thereforeto declare vatoyouthe caufes therof according
tothe do&trin ofthe learned Phyfitians which in mans body do makethree kinds of drop-
fies, calling the firft Anafarcasthefecond Afcites and the third Timpanias. Anafarea, isan
vniaerfallfwelling of the body through the aboundance of water, lying betwixtthe skin
andthe Seth, and differeth not from the difeafe laft mentioned, called Cachexéa, that is to
fay, evill habit of the bloode, fauing that the body 1s more {woln in this then in Cachexta,
albeit they proceede both oflike cautesas of coldneffeand weakenefle of the liuer, or by
meanes thatthe hart, fpleene, ftomack, and other members feruing to digeftion,be grie-
ned or difeated. 4/éites isa {welling in the couering of the belly, called of the Phyfitians,
Abdomen comprehending both the skin, the fat,cight mufcles,and the filme or panicle cal-
led peritoneum, through the aboundance of fome whayith humor entred into the fame,
which befides the caufes before alledged, proceedeth moft chiefely by means that fome
ofthe veffels within be broken or rather cracked, out of the which, though the blood be-
ing fomewhat groffe cannot yffue forth,yetthe whayifh humor being fubti], may run out
into thebelly, like water diftilling chrougha cracked pot. |
Timpanias called of vscommonly the Timpany, is a {welling of the aforefaid covering of
the belly, throughthe aboundance of wind entred into the fame, which wind is ingende-
redof crudity and euill digeftion, and whileft iraboundeth in the ftomach,or other intrals
finding no yffue out,t¢ breaketh in violently through the final cundits among the panicles
6f the aforefaid couering, not without great paine to the patient, and fo by toffing to and
fto, windeth at length into the {pace of the coucring itfelfe. But furely fuch wind cannot
bealtogetlier void of moifture.
NotwWithftanding, the body fwelleth not fo much with thiskinde of dropfieas with the o-
ther kind called 4/cites. The figns ofthe dropfie is fhortnes of breath, fwelling of the bo-
dy,euil colours lothing of meat, and great defire to drinke ,efpecially in the dropfie called
[cites in whichalfoche belly wil found likea bottle halfe ful of water : but inthe Tz»panie
jt wil foundlikea Tabar. But now though mine authors make not fo many kinds of drop-
fies, yet they fay al generally thaca horfe is much fubiecto the dropfie. The figns accor-
ding to Ab/rrtus and Hierocles,be thefe. His belly, legs, and ftones, wil be fwollen, but his
Back; buttocks, and flanks,wilbe dryed and fhrunke vp to the very bones.
'Moreoier;the vaines of his face and temples and alfo the vaines vnder his tong wil be fo
hidden;as you cannotfeethem ,andif you thruft your finger hardagainft his body, you
fhal leaue the print cherof behind, forthe fleth lacking natural heat wil not returne again
tohis place, and when the horfelyeth down he fpreadeth himfelfe abroad, not being able
to lie round together on his belly, and the haire of his back by rubbing wil fal away. Pela-
_. gonivein Chewing thefigns ofthe dropfie, not much differing from the Phyfitians firft re-
cited, feetheth to make two kinds therof, calling the one the Timpany, which for difference
fake may be called in Englith the wind dropfie, and the other the waterdropfie, Notwith-
flanding both hane one cure, fo farreas I can perceine, which isin this fort. Let him bee
warme coüered, and walkeda good while together in the fun to prouoke {weat, and let all
his body-be weland often rubbed alongft the haire,& let him feed vpon Colworts, final-
lage, and Elming boughs, and ofal other thinges that may loofen the belly, or prouoke
vrin.and let his common meat be grafleitit may be gotten,ifnor,then hay fprinkled with
5 watérand Nstrüm. Itisgoodalfo to giue him akinde of pulfe called Cich, fteepeda day
and a‘nightin water, and then taken out; and laidfo as the water may drop away ftom it.
pélagontiés would haue him to drink Parfly flampt with wine,or the root of the herb called
in Latin Pavax, with wine. Bur ifthe'fwelling of the belly wil not decreafe for al this,then
ra
20
3o |
4o
——— Óe€—À—Í PRA
flit’a litleholevnder his belly ahandful behind the nauil,& putintothatholea hollowreed 59 |)
‘ot {ome other pipe,that the water or wind may go out,not al at ofice,but by litle and lictle
at divers times and beware that you make not the hole ouer wide,leaft the caule of the bel-
ly £ downe thereunto, and when al the water 1s cleanerun out then heale vp the wound as
you do al other wounds, and let the horfe drinkeas little asis poffible; Uc
20
| go
Of the Horff.
Of the euill habit of the flomacke.
I: your horfe either by inward ficknes, or by prefent furfetgrowto a loath ofhis meate , Markham,
or by weakeneffeof his ftomak caft vp his meat and drinke, this (hall be the cure for the
fame : firft,inall the drinke he drinks, let him haue the powder of hot {pices,as namely of
Ginger Ánnis-feeds, Lycoras, Sinamon,and Pepper, then blow vp into his Noftrils the
-powder of Tobacco to occafionhirn to neefe; in {tantly after he hath earen any meat, for an
houretogether after; letone ftandby him, and hold at his Nofea piece of fower Leuen
fteept in vineger,then annointall his breaft ouer withthe Oyle of Ginnuper and Peppe
.
mixt together. : ^ Jai - à
Of the difeafes of the guts of a Horfe, and firft of the
Colike. . e
THe guttes ofa Horfe may be difeafed with diuers gricfes as with the Collick, with
Eon with the Lax, with the bloody-flixe and wormes. The collick is a grec-
uous painein the great gut, calledofthe Phyfitians Colzz, whereof this difeafe ta-
keth his name, which gut;becaufe it is very large andample,and ful of corners, itis aptto
receiue diuers mattersand (o becommeth fubiect to diuers griefes:For fomtime it is tor-
mented with the aboundance of groffe humors gotten betwixt the panicle of the faid gut,
and fometime with winde hauing no y flue out, fometime with inflamation, and fometime
with fharp fretting humors. Butfo faras I can learn,a horfe is moftcommonly troubled
with the colike that commeth of wind, andtherefore our Ferrers dotearm it the wind co-
like. The fignes whereof be thefe. The Horfe will forfake his meat,and lie downe and wal-
low and walter vpon the ground, and ftanding on his feet he will ftamp for very paine with
his fore-feetand ftrike on his belly with his hinder foot and looke often towards his belly,
which alfo towards the flanks wil fwell,and{eeme greater tothe cie then it was wont tobe.
The cure wherofaccording to Martin, isin thisfort; take a quart of Malmefie, of cloues,
pepper,Sinamon, of each halfe an ounce, of Sugar halfe a quarterne, and giueit the horfe;
lukewarme, and annoint his flanks with oyle of Bay, and then bridle him and trot himim-
mediately vpand downe the fpace of an houre, vntil_he dung,and if he will not dung then.
rake him, and ii neede be prouoke him to dung; by putting into hisfundament an onyon
pilled and iagged witha knife croffe-wife, foasthe inyce thereofmay tickle his fundas
ment,and for the fpace of three or foure daies let him drinke no cold water, and let hin:
bekept warm. Ru/ivs was wont to vfe this kindof cnre: take a good big reede a fpan long
or more,and being annointed with oyle, thruft it into the horfes fundament, faftning the
outward end therofvnto his taile, fo as it cannot flip out, and then hauing firft annointed,
& chaféd al the horfes belly with fome hot oyle,caufe him to be ridden haftily vp & down
fome hilly ground, and that will make him to voide the winde out of his belly through the:
49 reed. which done,let him be kept warm and fed with good prouender,and warm mafhes
made of wheat meale, and fennell feed, and let him drink no cold water vntil he be whole.;
Abjivtus wouldhaue you to giuehima glifter made of wilde Cucumber, or elfe of bens:
dung, Nitrum, and ftrong wine. |
Of Cofliueneffe, or belly-bound.
XOftiuéneffe iswhena horfeis bound in the belly and cannot dung, which may come |
by glut of prouender, or onermuch feeding and reft, whereof we haue talked fuffici-.
ent before, alfo by wind, groffe humors, or cold caufing ob(tru&ion, and ftopping in the
E guts. "Thecure whereof, according to Martin, isin this fort. Take of the deco&tion of
Mallowes a quarte and put thereuuto balfe a pinte of Oyle, or in ftead thereof, halfe a.
pinte offrefh Butter,andone ounce of Beedicfe laxatine, and poure that into bis fun--
dament with a little Horne meete for the purpofe, that doone, clappe histaile to his
fundament , holding it ftill with your band, hil another dothleade him in his hands
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The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
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allthat in his belly, bring himvnto the ftable, and there let him ftanda while on the bitte
welcouered,and warme littered, and then giue him a little hay, and let his drinkebe war-
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' med, itfballnotbe amiffealfo to giue him that night a warme math.
Ofthe Laxe.
He Italians call this difeafe Ragiatura,and the Herfe that hath this difeafe Cawallo
Arragiato, or Sforato. It may comethrough the aboundance of cholerike humors
difcending from the Liuer or gall, downe to the guts. But Au/fusfaith, chat it com-
methmoftcommonly by drinking ouermuch colde water immediately after prouender,
or by fuddentrauelling vpona ful ftomach, before his meat be dygefted;or by hafty run-
ning, or galloping immediately after water. If this difeafe continue long, it wil make the
Horfe very weake and feeble, foas he (hall not beableto fland on his legs. Notwithftan-
ding, fith nature feeling her felfe oppreffed, endeuoureth thus to eafe herfelfe by expel-
.. fingthofe humors that grieue her,I wold not with you fuddenly to ftop it,leaft fom werfe
' incorineniencegrow thereof. But if you fee that the Horfe loofeth his flefh, andwaxeth
more duland feeblethen he was wont to be, then giue him this drinke often expetimen-
ted by Martis, and that thal ftop him: take of beane-flower, and of bole Armony of each
a quarterne, mingle thefé things together ina quart of red wine,and giue it him lukwarm,
andlet him reftand be kept warme, and Jet bim d rinke no cold drinke butlukewarm, and
put therein alitde beane flower, and let him not drinke but oncea day, and then not ouer
much for the fpece of three or foure daies.
ofthe bloody fixe.
J T feemeth by the old writers, tbata horfe isalfo fübie& tothe bloody Flixe. For Abjir-
tuc, Hierocles, and Democritus, {ay allwith one voice, that the guts of a horfe may be fo
. exulcerated, that he wil voide bloody‘matter at his fundament: yea; and his fundament
cherwith will fal out, which difeafe they cal Dé/enteriawhich is is as muchto fay, as apain-
ful exulceration of the guts, vnder the which,the old men as it feemeth by the wordes of
Hierosles, arid Ab/irtus, would compreliend the difeafe called ofthe Phyfitians Tewa/mus,
chat is to fay, d defire to dung often, aridto do but little, and that with great paine : And
alfo another difeafe called Procidentia ani, that is to fay, the falling out ofthe fundament,
which the Phyfitians doaccountas feueral difeafes. Notwithftanding, for fomuchas Dy-
fenteria,and Tenafmus, do fpring botlroflike caufes: yea, and alfo for thatthe falling out
ofthe fundament hath fome affinity with them, [wil follow mine Authors, in ioyning
them altogether in this onechapter.
The Phyfitians make diuers kindes of bloody-flixe, forfometime the fat of theflimy
filth which is voided, is fprinMed with a little blood, fometime the matter that voydeth is
mixt with thefcraping of the guts, and fometime itis waterifh bloode, like: water wherein
flefh hath beene wafhed, and fometime blood mixt with melancholy, andfometime pure
blood, and by the mixture of the matter you fhall know in mans body, whether the vlce-
ration be inthe inner {mal guts or no, ifitbee the matter and blood wil be perfeétly mixt
togither,but ifit be inthe outward guts,then they be not mingled together, but come out
feuerall, the blood moft commonly following the matter Of this kind is that difeafe called
before Tena/mus, for that is anvlcer in the right gut feruing the fundamentand doth pro-
ceede cuenasthe Flixe doth of fome fharpe humors, which being violently driven, and
hauing to paffe through many crookedand narrow waies, do cleaue to the guts, and with
their fharpeneffe fretthem, caufing exulceration and grieuous paine- The flixealfo may 59 |
come offome extreame cold, heat or moiftneffe, or by meane of receiuing fome violent
purgation, hauing therein ouer much Scamony, orfuch like violent fimple, or through
weakeneffe ofthe Liuer, or other membersferuingto digeftion. Now as touching thefal-
ling out ofthe fundament, the Phyfitians fay, that it commeththrough the refolution or
weakeneffe of the mufcles;feruing to draw vp the fundament which refolution may come
part-
»
: Of the Horffe. ony 289 |
| partly by ouer«muchftraining; and partly they may beloofened by ouermucli moiflures | |
| for which caufe children being ful ofmoifture are more fübie&t tothis difeafethen mens |
| And forthe felfe fame caufe Ithinke chat Horffes having very moyft bodyesbefubiect
thereunto. Thus having fhewed you the caufes of the difeafes before recited, wil fhew.
-_youthe cure prefcribed by the old writers. Abfirtvs would haue the fundament on the
outfide to be cutround about, but fo as the inward ringe thereof be not touched, for that
were dangerous and wouldkil the horfe, for fo much as his fandament would neuer abide Ha hi)
| within his body, and that done, he would haue you to giue him to drinke the powder of NT ji
viripe Pomgranat fhels, called in Latine Malicarium, together with wine and water, which i TH
| xo indeede becaufe it is aftringentis nottobe mifliked: but as for cutting of the fundament, UN
Iaffüre you I cannotiudge what he fhould meane thereby, vnleffe it be to widen the fun-
| dament, by giuing it long flits or cuts on the outfide, but well [know that it may caufe n
more paine, and greater inflamation. And therefore methinkes it were better in this cafe |
to follow the Phyfitians precepts, which is firft to confider whether the fundament being
fallen out bee infamed or not, for ifit bee not infamed, then it (hall bee good to an-
noynt itfirft with Oyle of Rofesfomewhat warmed, or elfe to wa(hit with warme red
| wine. dd
But if it be inflamed,then to bath it wel.firft witha fpunge dipt in the deco&ion of Mal-
| owes, Camomile, Linefeede and Fenegreek, and alfo to annoint it wel with oyle of Cà:
| ae momilcand Dill mingled togetlier, toaffwagethe fwelling;and then to thruftit in againe
faire and foftly, with a foft linnen cloth. That done, it fhall be goed to bathe ali the place
| about with red wine wherein hath beene fodden Acatium, Galles, Acorné cups, parings
of Quinces, and fuch like fimples as beaftringent, and then tothrow on fome aftringent
| owder made of bole Armony,Frankincens,Sanguis Draconis,Myrth, Acatium,andfuch |...
| like: yea,and alfo to giuethe Horffe this drinke much praifed ofall the old writers. Take .-
|
———————
dent aap mete en rie Se Se eye
sie SO ae a
of Saffron one ounce, of Myrrhtwo ounces, of the hearb calledin Latine brotonsmna-
med in fome of our Englith herbals Sothernwood, three ounces, of Parfly one ounce,of
garden Rue,otherwife called herb Gracethree ounces, of Piritheum, otherwife called of
| fome people fpittlewort, and of Tfope ofeach two ounces, of Caffia which is like Cyna-
go mon, one ounce. Let al thefe things be beaten in fine powder & then mingled with chalk
and {trong vineger wrought into paaft, of which paaft male little cakes, and dry them in H
| the fhadow, and being dryed, diffolue fome of thent iria fufficient quantity of barly milk, |i
| or iuyce called of the old writers,and alfoofthe: Phyfitians, Cremor Ptifane ,and giue to à
| the Horfeto drinke thereof witha horne, for the medicine as the Authors write, dothnot - ..os)..
|
-onely heale the bloody-flixe and the other two difeafes before recited, bur alfoifit be gi- i
uen witha quart of warme water it will heale al griefe and pain in the belly, andalfo ofthe i
bladder, that commerhforlacke offtaling. And being giuen with fweete wineit will heale
"thebiting of any Serpent or mad dog. isrisistsob eror A yar
T y: ursi . OfthelWermesi lonobuarüntodik
Se edi cupa is 2n e^
4° TN aHorffes guts do breed three kindes of wormés, euenas there doth in mans body, »lundevile
though they be notaltogether like in fhape.The firft long and round;euen]ike to thofe
» that cdildicn do moft commonly voyde;andare called by the generall name wormes.
-'Thefecond little worms hauing great heads and fmalllong tailes like a needle; andbe cal-
led Bots: The 3 be fhortand thick like the end ofa mans little finger,and thetefore be caid
/Troncheons :and thoughthey haue divers fhapesaccording to the diuerfity ofthe place
perhapswhere they brced;or elfe according to the figure of the putrified matter whereby
- they breéde: yet no doubt they proceede allofone caufe, that is tofay; ofa raw, groffc
-andflegmatike matter apt to putryfa&ion, ingendred moft commonly by foule feeding,
| »« -andasthey proceedeof one felfé caufe, fo alfo hauethey likefignes, and like cure. The
- fignésbethefe. The Horfe wil forfake his meate forthe Troricheons and the Bots wil co-
uet alwaies to the niawand paine him fore. He willalfolye downe and wallow and ftan-
| whe he will lamp and ftrike at his belly with his hinder foote, and looke often toward his
| elly. EY NM odt stas 3 SS S vio
The cure according to Martinis thus: take of fweet milkea quart, of hony a quarterne,
NS Ll 3 and T th |
ems
IM
x UU
we
Sa TERE
Ares ae
T TT d di
queo
> *
>
390 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
and giue it himlukewarme, and walke him vppeand downe for the {pace ofan houre,
and fo let him reft for that day, with as little meate or drinke as may bee, and fuffer him
not tolye downe. Then the next day give him this drinke: take of berbe-Gracea handful, |
of Sauinas much, and being wel ftampt, put therunto alittle Brimftone,and a little foote
ofa Chiinny, beaten into fine powder, and put all thefe things together ina quart of wort
or Ale, and there let them lye in fteepe the {pace of anhoure ortwo, thenftraineit well — |
through a faire cloath, and giue itthe Horffeto drinke lukewarme, then bridle him and
walke him vp and downe the {pace of an houre : that donebring him into the ftable, and
Jet him ftand on the bit two or three houres, and then giue hima little Hay. Laurentius
Ruffiu: faith, thatit is good to giue the Horfe the warme guts ofa young hen witha falt re
three daies together in the morning, and not tolet him drinke vntill it bee noone. Some
fay that itis good to ride him having his bit firft annointed with dung comming hor from
the man : fome againe vfe to giue him a quantity of Brimftone, and halfe as muchRozen
beaten into powder and mingled together with his prouender, whichhe muft cate a good
while before he drinketh.
Thaue found by often triall, that if you giue the horfe with a hornea good pretty diíh-
fullof fale brine,be it defh brine or cheefe brine, it wil kil any of the threekinds of worms,
and make the horfeto auoide them dead in (hort time after. .
Of Wormes in generall. 20 |
Ges ' Efidesthe Bottes, thereare other WWorms, which lie in the great paunchor
belly ofa Horfe, and they bee fhining, of colour like a Snake, fixe inches in
4. length, great inthe midít and dy at both endes; andas muchasafpindle:
15:522 9551 they caufe great paine in a Horffes belly,as you fhall perceiue by his continu-
all friking of himfelfe on the belly with his foot, thecureisthus : Giue him two orthree
mornings together new Milke and Garlike boyled together, or chopt hay in his prouen-
der either ofboth will ferue: itkilleth the wormesand maketh theme voids
Markham. |
Of the paine in the kidweynes. ' ge |
Ethinkes that theKidnies ofa Horfe fhould be fubie& toas many griefes
4| as the kidnies ofa man,as to inflamation, obftru&ion, Apoftumes and
Vicers, and {pecially to obftru&ion that commeth by meanes of fome -
ftone or grauell gathered togetherin the kidnies whereby the Horfe can-
Bu BU) not ftale but with paine, for I haue feene divers horffes my felfe that haue
voided much erauell in their ftale, which without doubt did come from thekidnies, but
my Authors doe referre fuch griefes to the bladder and vrine, and write ofno difeafe bur
onely ofthe inflamation of the kidnies, whichis, called ofthem 2ephritis and fo it is cald
ofthe Phyfitians. Itcommethas they fay by fome great ftraine ouer fome ditch, or elfe 40
_ by bearing fome great burthen. Thefignes whereof be thefe. The Horfewillgorolling
behindeand ftaggering; his ftones will (hrinke vp, and his ftale will be blackifhand thick.
[think this difeafe differech not from that which we called before the fwaying of the back
when we talked of the griefes in thebacke and loines, and therefore reforte thither. The
cure ofthis difeafe, according tothe beft of the old writers is in this fort. Bath hisbacke
and loines with wine; Oyle, and Nitrum warmed together, after that youhauefo bathed
him, let him be couered with warme cloathes,and ftand littered vp to the belly with ftraw,
foas he may lye fofte, and giue him fuch drinkes as may prouoke Vrine,as thefethatbee |
made with Dill, Fennell, Annis, Smallage, Parfly, Spikenard, Myrrheand Caffia. Some — |
fay itis good to giue himakind of pulfe called Cich with Wine. Some againe:doepraife 5e
Ewes Milke or elfe Oyleand Deeres fewet moltentogether and giuen himtodrink,orthe — |
" roote of the herbe called 4/phodelus, Englifhed by {ome Daffadill, fodden in wine; —:
Blusdevile Wek we
Of the difeafes beloneing to the bladder and vrine of
Pry | co iooaHerfes © 12:201
Hitre-
| ^. Of the Horffe. 391 |
| Jerocles faith, thata horfe is fübie& tothreekinds of difeafes incident to the blad- M
| der or vrine, thefirfte is called szazguria, the fecond Dyfuriay the third Jfeuria. i |
| Stranguria, otherwife called in Latine Szil/ieidium, and of our old Ferrers, accor- li
| — dingtotheFrench name Chewdepis, is when the horfe is prouoked toftale often, and (|
|! voidethnothing buta few droppes which commethas the pbyfitians fay, either through l
| ~ thefharpenes ofthe vrine, or by fome exulceration of the bladder, or elfe by meanes of
{ome Apoftume in the liuer or kidnies, which Apoftume being broken, the matterrefor- i
| teth downe into the bladder, and with the fharpenesthereof caufeth a continuall prouo-
| cation of piffing: | M
| ze — Dyfaria is when horfe cannot piffe but with great labour and paine, which for dife- Ad RR
| — rencefake I wil cal from hence forth the paine-piffe.It may come fometime through the ea
| weakeneffe of the bladder and coldeintemperature thereof, and fometime through the Ton MI
| abundance of flegmatike and groffe humours; ftopping the necke of the bladder. Ifchu-
|! — ría,is whenthe horffe cannot piffe at all, and therefore may be called the piffuppreft, or MENU
fappreffiion of vrine, whether you will : methinkes alwaies that the (horter andthe more | Ue lus
| proper the nameis,the betterand more eafie it isto pronounce. "n |
It may comeasthe Phifitians fay, by weakneffeofthe bladder, or for that the, Vater |
conduit is ftopt with groffe humors, or with matter difcending from theliuer or kidnies, n
or withthe tone: yeaand fometimes by meanes of fome inflammation or hardknobbe !
| 20 growing atthe mouth of the conduit,or forthat the finnewes of the bladder is nummed, j
fo as the bladder is without feeling : or it may come by retention,and long holding of the :
|! — water, moft of which caufes Hierecles alfo reciteth, adding thereunto that it may chaunce
toa horfe thorough ouer-much reft and ydlenes, and alfo by meanes of fomeextreame
cold,and efpecially in winter feafon, forthe which warmth of the fire is a prefent reme-
dy.But now mine Authors donot (hewfor euery oneof thefe three kinds of difeafes fe-
uerall fignes, but onely fay, that when a horfe eannot ftale,he wil ftandas thogh he would
| ftale, and thruft oat his yardalitde,andalfo forvery paine, ftand beating bis tail betwixt: :
histhighes.
Neither do they feemeto appoint feuerall cures, but do makea hochpoch, mingling :
Ruso Pe ese SST SD
TUM
50 them altogither,fome of them praifing one thing and fome another : For fome fay itis
£
ood to mingle t
heiuice of leekes with fweete fmelling wine and oile together, andto
oA 96 za eau RE EMI: X
his right noftrill, and then to walke him vpand downe vpon it, and that will make himto
ftale.Some fay itis good to giue him Swallage feed, or elfe the root of wilde Fennell fod- i
den with wine to drinke, orto put finefharpe Onions, cleane pilled, andfomewhatbru- i
fed into his fundament, and to chafe him immediately vppon it, either by riding him or T 3
| otherwife,and tha (hall caufe him co ftale prefently.It is good alfo to bathal his backand l
| Joines with warme water. bolig f
"The fcraping ofthe inward parts of his owne hooues beaten into powder and mingled {i
with wine and powred into hisright noftril will make him to ftale, if you chafe him vpon E
o it,andthe rather as Hierocles faith, if you carry. him tofome fheepes coator other place
where fheepeare wontto fland, the fm el of whofe dung and piffe, without anyother me-
dicineas he faith, will prouokehim to ftale, . 3
Some will giuethe horffe white Dogges dung dried and mingled with falt, wine, and
Amoniacum to drinke;fomehogges dunge onely with Wine, andfome thé dregges of
| horfe-piffe withwine, and many other medicines which Ileaueto reheatfefor feareof — ...
| being too tedious, aud efpecially, fich Martins experience doethfollow heereat hand,a-
| grecing inall points with Lanrentius Rufus cure, which isin this fort. Firft draw out his
| yard and wath it wellin white wine, and fcoure it well, becaufeit willbe many times ftop- BT
| ped with durtand other baggagetogither, 'and bardned like a ftone, and then puta little p ST
| oileof Cammomile into the conduit with awax candleanda brufed cloue of Garlick,and 4 i
| «o that will prouokehim to ftale-And ifthat willnothelpe. "Take of Parfly two handfuls, of it
-. Coriander one handful, ftampethem and ftraine them with a quart of white wine, and
| diffolue therein one ounce ofcake:Sope;and giue it luke warme vnto the horfeto drinke
| and keepe himas warmeasimay be,and let hiny drinke no cold water for the fpaceoffiue
| or fix dayes,and when you would hauc him to ftale, let it be eyther vpon plenty of ftrawe,
or | | bo
TRE ST
SS ae
ES
ee
392 (he Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
orvponfome greene plot,or els in a fheeps coat, the fauor whereof wil greatly prouoke
himto flale,ashath binaforefaid. — |
* Of pifime blood.
Elagonius faith, that ifa horfe be onermuch laboured, or ouercharged wich heauy
burthen, or ouer fat, he will many times piffe blood, and the rather as I thinke, for
that fome vaineis broken within the horfes body, andthen cleereblood will come
forth many times yas the Phyfitians fay, without any piffeatall. Bur if the blood be per-
fc&ly mingled togither with his ftale, then itis a figne that it commeth from the kidnies
hauing fome {tone therein, which through vehemeut labour, doeth frecthe kidniesand 16
vaines thereof, and fo caufe them to bleed, through which while the vrine paffeth, muft
needs beinfected and died with the blood. It may comealfo by fome ftripe, or from the
mufcle that inclofech thenecke of the bladder. The cure, according to Pelagonius, Abfir-
tus, Hierocles,and the reft, is thus.Lecthe horfe blood ia the palate ofthe mouth,to con-
uertthe blood the contrary way,then take of Tragagant that hath been fteeped in wine,
halfean ounce, and of Poppy feede one dram and once fcruple, and of Suraxas much,
and twelue Pineaple kirnels :letall thefe things be beaten and mingled wel togither,and
giue the horfe thereof euery morning, the {pace of feauen daies, the quantity ofa hafell-
nut diftempered in a quart of wine: methinkes that the quantity ofa Walnut weretoo
little for fo much wine.Some write that it is good to make him a drinke withthe root of 19
the hearbe 4/phopelus, which fome call Dattadil mingled with wheat flowerand Sumach
fodden long in water,and fo to bee giuen the horfe with fome wine added thereunto, or
make him a drinke of Goats milk and oile, (training thereunto a little Fromenty. 4zato-
Tius faiththat it good to giue the horfe three daies togither, fodden beanes cleanepilled
-whereunto would be added fome Deeres fewet anda little wine.
. Of the Colt euill. .
Blundevile His name Colt euil, in my iudgement, doeth properly fiznifie that difeafe, which
4 d thephyfitians cal Préapifmus, which isa continual ftanding together, with an vn»
natural {welling of the yarde proceeding of fome winde, filling the artires and hol-
Jow finnew or pipe of the yard, or elfe throughthe abundance of fzed, which do chance "T |
‘oftentimes toman, and [think fometimeto ftoned horfes.Notwithftandiag Martin faith
that the colt euil is a (welling of chetheathe ofthe yard and part ofthe belly thereabout,
cauféd of corrupt feed,comming out ofthe yard and remaining within the (heath where
itputrifieth.And geldings moft commonly are fubie& to this difzafz, not being able for
Jacke ofnatiral heat,to expel their feed any further. For horfes, as Martin faith, are fiel-
‘dome troubled with this difeafe becaufe of their heat, vnlefleit be when they hauebeene
ouer trauailed, or otherwife weakened. The cure, according to him; isthus.: Wath the
fheath cleane within with Luke-warme Vineger, then draw out his yard.and wafh thatal-
‘fo: that doneride him into fome running ftteame vppe tothe belly; toffing him therein
:tooand fro toalay the heat of the membets;and vfe him thus two or three daies and hee 49. |
-fhalbe whole. » ood
Another of the Colt enill,
| FP He Colt euill isa difeafe that commeth to ftoned horfes through rankenes of na-
PUT UPS 1 ture and wantof vent, it appeareth inhis cod and (heathe, which wilfwell-excee-
t dingly;thecureisnothing , for ifyou wil but euery day, twice or thtice dduehim
eto the mid-fideinfome Pond or runniag riuer;the fwelling will fall and the horfe wil doe
"Wel.Ifthehorfe beofyeeres;'and troubled with this gricfe;ifyou put him toa Mare it is
“not amiffe,for ftanding ftil ina ftable without exercife;is a great occafion of this difeafe,
büg Jolla c? Of the mattering of theyard. n
[TF eommiethatcouering time, whenthe horfeand mare both are ouer-hot;andfo per-
- | haps burnethemfelues.: The cureaccordingto Martin is thus. ‘Takea pinte of white
* ^ wine, and boile therein aquarterne of róche Alome; and {quirt thereof into his yarde
three orfoure fi quirtfuls, oneafteranother, andthruftthe Íquirt fo far as the liquor inay
-‘pierceto the bottome;to fcowre away the bloody matter, continuing thusto do. oncea
:day vntilhebewhole. — | MAE TM of
‘
$9
| (0 Oftbe Horffe. 393
? Of the fhedding of feed. — *
: His difeafe is called ofthe Phy fitians Gonorrhea, which may come fometime tho- Blundevile
| rough aboundance and rankeneffe of feed, and fometime by the weakenes of the
flores and feed veffels not ableto retainethe feed vntill it be digefted and chickned. |
| — Vegetius faith, chatthis difeafe will make the horfe very faint and weake, and efpecially in |
| Summerfeafon;For cure whereof, thefaid Yegerius would haue the horfe to be ridden in- M
/'" tofomecoldwater, euen vp tothe belly, fo as his ftones may bee couered in water, and Bui
| — then his fundament being firftbathed with warme water andoile, he would haue youto it be
| '? thruftin your hand andarme cuen to the very bladder, and foftly to rubbe and claw the 3
fame, andthe partsthereabouts, which be the feed veffels : that doneto cover himwarm
| thathetakeno cold, and euery day he woulde haue you to giue thehorfe hogges dung
) to drinke with red wine vntil he be whole. I for my part, if [thought it came of weakenes,
as is aforefaide,which I would iudge by the waterifhineffe of the feed and vnluftines of the
horfe, would giuehim red wine to drinke, and put therein a little Acatinm, the iuyce of
Plantaine, andalitcle Mafticke, and bath his backe with redde Wineand oyle of Rofes
mingledtogither.
Ofthe falling of the yard.
29 TT commethas I take it, through the weakenes of the member, by meanes of fome re-
(olution in the mufcles and finnewes feruing the fame, caufed at the firft (perhaps) by
fome great ftraine or fkcipe on the backe.It may come alfo by wearines and tiring. For
remedy whereof, 4b/irtus was wont to wath the yard with fale water from the fea ifit may
be gotten, and if not with water and fale, and if that preuailed not, he would al to pricke
the outmoftskinne of the yard with a fharpe needle but not deepe, and then wath all the
prickes with ftrong Vineger,and that did make the horfe as he faith, to draw vp his yarde
againe immediately : yea,and this alfo will remedy the falling out of the fundament.Pela-
gonius would haue you to put intothepipe ofhis yard, hony and falt boiled togicher and
made liquid, or elfe a quicke fly, or agraine of Frankencenfeora cloue of Garlicke clean
pilled, and fomewhat brufed, and alfo to powre on his backoile, wine ,Nitre made warm
and mingled togither. But Martins experience isinthis fort. Firft wath the yarde with
warm white wine,and then anointit with oylofRofesand hony mingled togither,and put
it vp into the fheath, and make hima cod-peece of Canvas to keepe it ftill vp, and dreffe
him thus euery day oncevntil itbe whole.Andin any cafelet his backe bekept warme,ei-
ther with a dubble cloath, or elfe witha charge made of bole Armonie, Egges, wheate-
flower, Sauguis Draconis, Turpentine, and Vineger, or els lay ona wet facke, whichbeing
couered withanother dry cloath wil keepe his backe very warme. :
Of the fivelling of the Cod and flones.
TCR UT
LTXGU a fe a IE a cel ot ta ecce qe: - ae =
Lp a se LE eae m T
- 4
=== Bfirtusfaith, that the inflammation and {welling ofthe cod and ftones, 3
| : || commeth by meanes of fome wound, or by the flinging of fome Ser- i
| pent, orby fighting one horfe with another.For remedy whereof, hee í |
was woont to bath the cod with water wherein hathbeene fodden the
roots of wilde Cucumber and falt,and thento anneintit with anoint- De
| ment made of Cerufa oile, Goates greace, andthe white of an Egge.
| Some againe would haue the cod to be bathed in warme Water, Nitrumand Vineger Wit
togither, andalfo to beannoínted with an óintment made of chalke, or of potters earth, jj
Oxe dung, cumin, Waterand Vineger,or elfe to beannointed with theiuice oftheherb |
! $9 solanum, called of fome night-fhade, or with the iuyceof Hemblocke growing on dung- i
| hils: yeaand alfo to belet bloud in the fankes. But Martin faith, that the {welling of the "
| cods commeth for the moft part after fome fickneffe or furfetting with colde, and then it bg
| isafigne ofamendment. Thecure according to his experienceis in this fort.Firftlet him
blood on both fides the danke veines. Thentake of oile of Rofes,of V ineger of each halfe pita . |
a a j WIN. Jj
394. The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
a pinte, and halfe a quarterne of Bole Armony beaten to powder. Minglethemtogither | J
inacrufe, and being luke-warme, annoint the cods therewith with two or three feathers
bound togither, and the next day ride him into the water fo as his coddes may be within
the water, giuing him two or three turnes therein, and fo returne faire and foftly.to rhe
fable, and when he is dry annoint him againe as before continuing thus to do euery day
once vntil they be whole. The faid Martin faith alfo, the cods nay be {wollen by meanes
offofne hurt or euil humors reforting into the Cod, andthen hewouldhaue youcouer |
the cods witha charge made of Bole Armony and Vineger wrought togither, renewing it
euery day-once vntil the {welling goaway orthatit breake of it felfe, andif it breakethen To
taint it with Mel Rofatum, aud make him a breech of Canuas to keepe it in, renewing the
taint euery day once vntil it be whole.
Of incer ding aud brufing.
; His termeincording is borrowed of the Italian word 7scerdato, whichin plain En-
Blundevile glifhisas much to fay as burften, and might be more rightly tearmed of ys vncod-
ded, For whena horfeis burften, his guts falleth downeinto the cod making itto
{well. The Italians as take it did calit /neordato becaufe the gutfollowes the {tring of the
ftone called of chem Z/eordone, or Lachorda, whereof Incordato feemesto be deriued with
fome reafon. According to which reafon we fhould cal it rather in ftringhed than inchor- 20) 7
ded, for Chorda doth fignifiea ftring or chord.Notwithianding, fich that incording is al-
ready received inthe ftable, I for my partam very well content therewith minding notto
contend againftit. But now you haue to note, that either man or beaft may be burften di-
uerily,andaccording to the names of the partes greeued, the Phyfitians doe gine it di-
uers names : for you fhall vnderftande, that nextvntothe thickeoutward skinneof the — |
belly, thereisalfo another inward thin skin couering althe mufcles, the Caule, and the |
guts of the belly, called ofthe Anatomifts Peritoneum, which skin commeth from both |
artesand fides of the backe, and is faftened to the midriffe aboue,andalfo tothe bot-
tome of the belly beaeath, to keepe inal the contentsof theneather belly.And therefore
ifthe skin be broken, or ouer fore (trained or ftretched,then either fome partofthe canle 39 |)
or gutsflippeth downe, fometime into the cod, fometime not fo farre. | j a
Ifthe gut slip downe into the cod, then it is called ofthe Phyfitians by the Greek name
Enterocele, that isto fay, gut-burften. But ifthe caule fall downe into the cod, then it is
called ofthe Phyfitians Epsplocele, that isto fay, Caule-burften.But either of the difeafes
is moft properlie incident tothe male kind, for the femal kind hath no cod.Notwithftan-
ding they may be foburften, as either gut or caule may fal downe into their natures,han
ging there like a bag: But if it fal not downe fo lowe, but remaineth abouenigh vnto the
priay members or flankes, which place is called ot the Latines segwen,then of that place
the burfting is calledot the phyfitians Bubonccele, whereunto Iknowe not what Englifh
name to giue, vnleffe I fhould cal it fanke-burften: Moreouer the cod or danke maybee 49 |
fometime fwollen, by meanes of fome waterifh humour gathered together in thefame, |
which is called ofthe phyfitians Hydrocele, that is to fay, water -burften,andfometime the
cod may be fwollen by meanes of fome ‘hard peece of eth cleaving to the thin skins or
panicles of the ftones, and then itis called of the phyfitians sartocele, thatis to fay ,flefh-
burften. y
Butforafmuchas none of mine Authors, Martin nor anie other Ferrer in thefe daies
that Iknowe, haueintermedled with anie kind of burfting, but onely with that whereig
the gut falleth downe into the cod : leauing all thereft apart, I wil onely talke of this 5 and
that according to Martins experience, whichtaffure you differeth not much fromthe
precepts of the old writers : But firit youfhal vnderftand, that the gut burften,and flanke 5°
burftea, doth proceed both of one caufe, that is tofay, by meanesthat the skinne; called |
before Peritoneum js either fore ftrained, or elfe broken,cither by fome ftripe of another
horfe,or els by fome train in leaping ouer an hedge;ditch,or pale,or otherwife: yeaand
many times in paffinga carier,throngh the carelefnes ofthe rider ftoping the horfe fo-
denly without giuing warning, wherby the horfeis forcedto caft his hinder legs ab eT.
| andío
|
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|
|
|
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|20
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p
e
Of the Horffe.
fo ftraineth or burfteththe skin aforefaid, by meanes whereof the gutfalleth downe into
the cod. Thefignes be thefe. The horfe will forfake his meat, and ftand fhoringand lean-
ning alwaies on that fide that he is hurt: and on that fide, if you fearch with your hande,
betwixtthe ftone and thethigh vpward to the body, and fomewhat aboue the ftoneyou
fhall &ndthe gutit felfe big and hardin the feeling,whereas on the other fide you thal find
no fachthing. The cure according to Martin is thus.Bring the horfe into fome houfe or
place that hath ouer head a ftrong balk or beame going ouerthwart, and ftrew that place
thicke with ftrawe : then put on foure pafternes with foure ringes on his feete, and then
faften the one end ofa long rope to oneof thofe Ringes, then thread all he other rings
with the loofe end of the Rope, and fo draweall his foure feete togither, and caft him on
the ftraw. |
That done, caft the rope ouer the baulke, and hoife the horfefoas hemay lye flatteon
his backe, with his legs vpward without fttuggling. Then bath his ftones well with warme
Water and Butter molten togither, and the {tones being fomewhat warme, and wel mol-
lified, raife them vp from the body with both your hands being clofed by the fingers faft
|." togither, and holdingthe ftones in your hands in fuch manner, worke downe the gut in-
tothe body of the horfe, by ftriking it downward continually with your two thumbs,one
labouring immediately after another, vntill you perceiuethat fide of theftonetobeefo
fo {mal as the other, and bauine fo difcorded, that is to fay, returnd the gut into his right
place ; take a lift oftwo fingers broad throughly annointed with frefh butter, and tic his
{tones both togither with the fame fo nigh as may bee, not ouer hard, but fo as you may
put your finger betwixt. That done, take the horfe quietly down,and lead him faire and
foftly into the fable, whereas he muft {tand warme, andnot be flirred for the {pace of 3.
weckes.But forget not the next day after his difcording to vnloofenthe liftand to take it
away andas wel at that time as every day once or twice after, to cafta difh or two of cold
water vpinto his cods and that wil caufe, him to fhrinke vppe his ftones and thereby re-
firaine the gut from falling downe,and at the three weekes end be fure,it were not amiffe
to geld the ftoneon that fide away, {o {hall he neuer be encorded againe onthat fide.But
let him not eat much nor drinke much, and let his:drinke be alway ¢s warme.
Of: she botch in the graines of a hor fe
EF a horfebe fullofhumoursand then fuddenly laboured, the humours will refort into
the weakeft parts,and there gather together and breede a botcb, and efpecially inthe
hinder parts betwixt the thighes, not farre from the cods. The fignes be thefe. The hin-
der lepges wil be alfwollen, and efpecially from the houghes vpwarde, and if you feele
withyour hand you (hal findagreatkind ofiwelling, and if it be round and hardit wil ga-
thertoahead. The cure according to Martinis thus. Firft ripest with a plaifter : take of
Wheat-flower, of Turpentine, and of bony, of each like quantity, flirring it together to
make a ftiffe plaifter,and with a cloth lay it vntothe fore, renewing it eucry day once vn-
til it breake or waxefoft, and then launceit as the matter may runne downeward: Then
taint it wich Turpentine and Hogges greace moulten togither, renewing it euery daye
once, vatil it be wholes . | |
Of the difeafes incident to the wombe of a Mare, and (pecially
of barrenne[[e.
Tfeemeth by fomewriters, thatthe wombe ofa Mareis fubiect to certaine difeafes;
though not fo many as the wombe ofa Woman, as to afcent, defceut, falling out;
convulfion, barrenneffe, aborfment, yea-Ariffotle and others do not let to write, that
| ?" menfttual blood doth naturally void from the Mare, as from the Woman, though it bee
folittle in quantity,as it cannot be well perceived. But fith none of mine Authors haue
written thereofto any parpofe, nor any Ferterofthis time that I knowes haue hadany
experience in fuch matters I wil pafie chem all ouer with filence,fauing barrennes,where-
of Ppromifed before in his dueplacc, to declare vnto you the caufes arid füch kind of gn
bus for
395
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Blundevile | EU
Lhe Eiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
for the fame, as the old writers have taught. A Marethen may be barren throu ghthe vn-
temperatenefic ofthe wombe or matrix, aswell for that it is too hot and fiery,orelfeto | |
cold and moift, or too dry, or elfe too (hort, or too narrow, orhauin g the necke thereof
turned awry, or by meanes of fome obítru&ion or ftopping in the matrix, or for that the |3
mare istoo fat ortooleanc,and many times mares goe barren, for that theybe notwell | 4
horfed. Wel, the cure of barrenneffe that commeth through the fault of the matrixe or
wombe according to theold writers is thus. Take a good handful of Leckes, ftampthem |
ina morter with halfe a glaffe ful of wine, then put thereunto twelueFlies, calledofthe
Apothecaries Castharides, of diuers colours, if they may be gotten, then ftraine altoge-
ther with afufficient quantity of water to ferue the mare therewith two daies together, ye
by powring the fame into her nature with a horn or glifter-pipe madeofpurpofe, and at
the end of three daies next following offerthe horfe vnto herthat (hould couer her, and
immediately after that (he is coueced, wath her nature twice together with cold water.
Another receipt for the fame purpofe.
Ake of Nitrum, of fparrowes dung, and Turpentine, of each alike quantitye well
wrought together and made like fuppofitory, and putthat into her nature, and
it wil caufe her to defire the horfe and alfo to conceiue, Hippocrates {aith,that itis
good alfo to putanettle into thehorfes mouth that fhould couer her. - a
Of the Itch, Scabbe, and mangine(fe in the taile,
and falling of the taile.
fel N fpringtime horfes many times are trobled with the troncheons in their fun
dament, and then they wilrubbe their taile, and breake the haire thereof, and
yetin his taile perhaps, fhal be neither itch, fcurtfe nor {cabbe: whereforeif |
you rake the horfe wel with your handannointed with Sope, and fearchfor — |
thofe tronchensand pul them cleane out, you thal caufe himto leaue rubbing : andif |
you fee that che haire doe fal awaieit felfe, then it isa figne, thatit is either eaten with J
wormes, or that there is fome {curffe or {cab fretting the hair, and caufing fuch an itch 3°" |
in his taile as the horfe is alwaies rubbing the fame.As touching the wormes, fcurffe or
{cab, it fhalbe good to annointall the taile wich fo pe,and then to wath it cleane euen to
the ground with ftronge lie, and that wilkil the wormes, and make the haire to growe a-
gaine.And if much of the tailebe worneawaie, it (hall bee needefüll to keepe the taile
continually wet, with afpunge dipt in faire water,and that will make the haire to growe
very faft. But if the horfes taile be maungy,then healethatlileas you do the mangineffe
of the maine beforerchearfed.Againe, ifthere breed any Canker in the taile (which wil
confume both flefh and bone, and as Lawrentins Rufiius faith, makethe ioyntes to fall a-
way one by one) it (hallbe good as Martin faith, to wafh all his taile with Aquafortis, x o
ftrong water made inthis fort: take of greene Coporas, of Alum, ofeach one pounde, 4
of white coporas,a quarterne:Boileal thefe things togither in three quartes of runninge — |
water ina ftrong earthen pot, vntil one halfe be confumed, and then with a littlé of this
water being made luke-warme, wath his taile witha little clour,or Flax boundtotheend”
ofa fticke, continuing fo to do euery day once vntil it be whole.
Of the Scabbe.
He Scab is a foule fcurffe in diuers parts ofa horfes body,& commeth of poue
or ilkeeping , or many times by going amongft woodes wherein they areinfe&ed |
with water boughes : itis moft incident to olde horfes, which wil die thereof, and
chiefely inthe {pring time when the newe blood appeares: the cure whereof Ihauefpo- " |
kenbefore.
How to know when a borfe balteth before in what part bis eriefe ss. 3
, Being now come totalke ofthe griefes in the fhoulders, legs, hips, houghes, ioyntes,
and
—
Ima
: ^N CP Of ale Fores sits 397 Ap
| and hooues, caufing the horfe moft commonly to halt: Ithinkeit goodfirft to fhew you
| the way how to find in what part of his legs thehorfe is grieved wbenhe halteth either be- $i
fore or behind. And firft you haue to confider that ifa horfe halteth before, it muft be Cy^ B
ther inhis fhoulders, in his legs, or in his feet. Ifit bein his fhouldersand new hurt, the |
horfe wil not lift that leg, but traile it nigh the ground.If it be old hurt, he wil caftthat Lec
further from him in his going then the other, and i£ he beturnedon the forefide, then he |
wil hale fo much the more. Ifa horíe halteth in the leg, it is either in the knee, in the fhank, CU
or els in the paftern ioynt,if it be either intheknee, or paftern ioynt, he will not bowthat 1 de
leg in his going like the other, but go very ftifly vpon it. fhe halteth in the fhank,, then it 115 RUM
10 isby means of {ome {plent,wind-gal, or fuch apparant griefe, apt to be {een or felt. If he wig
haltin the foot, it is either in the cronet,heele,in the toe,in the quarters;orfole of the foots
| If it be in the cronet the griefe wil be apparant,the skin being broken or{welen fome man-
| ner of way : if inthe heele,as by ouerreach or otherwife,chen he wil tread inoft on the toe:
| ifvponany ofthe quarters,then going on the edge ofa bankor hilly ground, he will hal
| more then on theplain ground;and by the horfes comming toward you,and going from
youvpon fueh edge or banck, youfhall eafily perceiue whether his griefe be in the inward
| quarter or inthe outward quarter : the quarter is to be vnderftood, from, the mid-hooue
| tothe heele. ini
| | Af he halt inthetoe,which is not commonly feen,then he wil tred more vpon the hecle;
20 Ifthe griefe be in the fole of his foot,then hewillialtal after one fort vpon any ground;vn-
| leffe it be vpon the ftones. And to be {ure in what part ofthe foote thegriefeis, it fhallbe MU
| good fitft to make him go vpon the plain ground, and then vpona hard & ftony ground: HE
yea,and alfo a banky ground. Thus hauing declared vnto you in generally how to know in
| what parta horfeis grieued when he halteth before :I thinke it meete firftto fhew you or-.
derly ail the particular griefes and forances,whereunto the fore-parts ofa horfeis fubie&,
together with the caufes, figns and cure thereof. That done,I will {peak of halting behind,
and fhew you firft generally where the griefe is, and then particulary declare vnto you e- EN
uery griefe incident tothe hinder partsofa horfe. And laftly, I will fpeake of fuch griefes Hai a
and forances as are commonly in both parts,that isto fay,as wel tothe forelegs and fore- .
30 feet, as tothe hinder legs and hinder feet. xor J
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Ofthe griefe and pinching in the fhoulder.. nent deo DII
Hiscommeth either by laboring and ftraining the Horfetoo young, or elfeby fome V MM
| greatburthen ; you (bal perceiue it by the narrownes ofthe breft; and by confuming p XL OT
| fieth of the fhoulders,infomuch as the forepart of the (houlder bone wil fticke ont,and be x
a great deal higher then the flefh. And if itbe of long continuance, he wilbe very hollow Hes. Im
in che brisket towards the armeholes, and he wilgo wider beneath at the feet, then aboue ! a
attheknees. The cure according to Martin isthus. Giue him aflit ofati inchlong witha t i5
o fharpknife or rafor vpon both fidesan inch vnder the (hovlder bones: then witha Swans aa a
quil putintothe flit, blow vp firft the one fhoulder and then the other, as big as,can poffi- ud |
| ble, euen vp tothe withers, & with your hand ftrike the winde equally into euery place of i ar g
| the fhoulders. And when they be both ful, then beat althe windy places with a good ha- zu]
felwandor withboth your hands, clapping vpon the places puffed vp with wind, fo faftas ANTE d)
| they can walke one after another over al the fhoulder : then witha flat flice ofiron;loofen mn
| the skin within from the flefh: that done,rowel the two flits or.cuts with two round rowels
|
|
made ofthe vpper leather ofan old (hoo, witha hole in the middeft thatthe matter may hl 15
yffue forth, and let {uch rowles be 3.inches broad, and fo put in as they may-lie plain and PU t |
flat withinthe cut: then makea charge to lay vpon the fame in thisfort..: 14.55.07 do ELT
| '" Take fPitch,and rofen, ofeach one pound, of tar halfea pinte, boile thefe things alto; ^. Mi
| go gether in apot, and when itisfomwhat cooled, talea fücke with a wollen clout bound fait ui
| to the endthereof, and dip it into this charge, and couer or daube.al the fhoulder there; t dul LAN
with. That done, clap.thereunto a pounde of Floxe of fuch colouras the Horfeis, or as vo MMR I
nigh vnto the fame as may be, euery other day clenfe both the woundes androwelssand |
putthem in againe, continuing thus to dothe {pace of fifteene daies. Sees quies add
ua
Mm D Then | UM 1 |
398
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Teit take them out,and healevp the wounds with two taints of Flax diptin Turpentine,
aid hogs greafe molten together, renewing the fame euery day once, vntil the wounds be
whole. Butlet che cliargelye ftil,yvntill it fal away of it fclfe;dndlet the horfe run to graffe,
vneill he hath had a froft or two.
| Of the yiiiuinz of thefboulder.
His commieth fometime by a fal,and fometime by turning toofuddenly in fome vn
: cuen ground, or by rafh running out of fome doore, or by fome ftripe of another
27) horfe; or by fome fudden ftop in paffing a Cariere : you fhal perceiue it in his going
by trailing his legsvpon the ground, fo clofe vato himfelfe as heecan poffible. Thecure,
according to Martin is thus: Let him bloodthe quantity of three pintes, onthebreaft in
the palat vaine, receiving the blood ina pot, and thereunto put firfta quart of flrong vi-
fieger, and halfe a doozen broken egges, fhelles and'all and fo muchwheat-flower as will
thickenall that liquor. That done, put thereunto bole Armony beaten into fine powder
one pounde, Sazegsis Draconis two ounces, and mingle them altogether; foas the flower
may notbeperceiued,andifitbe too ftiffe, you may make it more liquid or foft, witha
little vineger. Then with your hand daube al the fhoulder fromthe mane downward; and
betwixt the fore-bowels all again ftthe haire, and letnot the horfe departout oftharplace,
vütillthe chatge be furely faftved vnto the skin. Z j15 dr ai 2d slog adl
^?'That done; carry him into the ftable; and tie him vpto the racke, and fuffer him notto
lie down al that day,and giue him alittle meat, dieting him moderatly the fpace of fifteen
daies : duririg which time, he may not ftir out of his place, but onely to lye downe, and e-
uéry dayonceteftefh the fhoulder poiatwith this charge, laying ftill new vpow'the olde;
aid at che fifteene daies end, lead him abroad to fee how he goeth, and if he be fomewhat
amended, then let him refk without travelling the fpace of one month, and that fhal bring
his fhoulder to perfe&ion. But ifhe be neuerthe better for this that is donesthan it fhal
be needefulto rowell him with a leather rowell vpon the fhoulder point, and to keepe him
rowelled the {pace of fifteene daies, renewing the rowel, and clenfing the wound euerv o-
to
20
'
ther day, and then walke him vp and downe faireand foftly, and cirne him alwaiesonthe 39 |
contrary fide tothe fore, and when hee goeth vpright, pul out the rowelland healethe
wound witha taint of flax diptin Tutpentine,and hogs greace molten together. And ifal
this will not ferue, then it fhal be needful to draw bim checker wife with a hot iron ouer all
the fhoulderpointyandalfo make him to draw ina plough euery day two houres at the
Jeaft;tofettle his ioynts for the fpace of three weekes or a month; and if any thing wilhelp
him, thefe two laft remedies wil help him,and make him to go vpright againe.
pum 1; 95 dia 325 Of plaiting in the fhiulder.
Lu
"p7His comméthbyfome dangerous fliding or flipping, wherby the fhoulder parteth
d from the breaft; and fo leanes an open rift, notin the skin, buciin the flefh and filme
Lo pexe vnder the skin;and fo he halteth & is notableto goe, you-fhal perceiue-itby
rtáiling his legge after him in his going. The cure according to Martinis thus. Firft puta
paire of {trait pafternes on his fore-feet, keeping him Rilinthe fable without difquieting
him. Then take-of Dialthea one pound, of fallet-oyleone pinteyofoylede bayes halfea
pound, of frefh buttet halfea pound ;imeltal thefethings together irr apipkin,andannoint
the btieued place therwith,andalforound aboutthe infide of thefhouldery and within two
or three dates after)both that place and all the fhoulder befides wilfwel bes slates)
Then either prick him witha lancet or fleame, inalthe {welling places, or elfe with fom
other (hárp Hot iron, the head whereof would beaninch long, ‘tothe intencthiatthe:cor-
ruption may runout,and vfe to annointit fli] with the fame ointmeht But if yon feethatit
wWilnotgo away but fwel til, and gather to a head;then lance it where thefwellingrdotliga-
ther moftánd is foft vnderthe finger, & then tainritwich flax dipinthis ointment :tàke
of Turpéntineand of hogs greafe of ach two ounces, and mele them together renewing
Of
e
the taint twice aday vittilitbe whole." ^* 00090 Ur eins!
49
5°
|
Of the Horffe. 399
Of the fhoulder picht.
His is whenthe fhoulder point or pitch ofthe (houlder is difplafed, which gricfe is Blundevile
called ofthe Italians spallato,and itcommeth by reafon of fome great fal forward ruth
or ftraine. The fignes bethefe. That fhoulderpoint wil fticke out further then his fellow,
andthe Horfe will halt right downe. The cure according to Martinis thus. Firftmake him
to{wim ina deepe water vp and down a doozen turnes,and that (hal make the ioynt tore-
turne in his place. Then make two tough pins of afhen wood as muchas your little finger,
o fharp atthe points, each one fiue inches long: that done, flit the skin an inch aboue the
point,and an inch beneath the point of the fhoulder, and thruft in one of the pins from a-
boue downward,foas both ends may equally fick without the skin. And ifthe pin of wood
wilnoteafily paffe through, youmay make it way firft with aniron pin. That done, make
other two holes croffe tothe firít holes, fo as the other pin may croffe the firft pintighcin
the midft with a right croffe, and the firft pin would be fomewhat flat in the mideft, to the
intent that the other being round, may paffethe better without (top and clofethe iufter
together. !
Then takea peece ofalittle line fomwhat bigger then a whipcord,andat one end make
aloope, which being put ouer one of the pinsends,wind the reft of the line good & ftraite
2o aboutthe pins ends, foas it may lye betwixt the pins ends and the skin; and faftenthe laft
end witha pack neecle anda pack thread jvnto the reft of the cord. fo asit may not flip:and
to do well, both the prickes and the cord would be firftannointed with alittle hogs ereace;
Then bring him into the ftable,and let him reftthe {pace of ?.daies , butlet him lve down
1
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TEE EU EE GC Esc mx Se E
1
as littleas may be, and put on a paflerne on the fore leg, fo as itmay be bound witha cord ; mo V
vnto the foot ofthe manger, to keepe that legge alwaies whileft he ftandeth in the ftable B ud
more forward then the other. And at the nine daies end take out the prickes,and annoint i po
the fore places with alitle Dialthea, or with hogs greafe, and then turn him outto grafle. a
ree "
Of the selling of the forelegs after great labor. l B ty
il { lil fil ;
? : EDU
3 G Reat labor and heat caufeth humors to refort down into the legs making them fwel, ! a |
The curewhereof, according to Martin isthns. Bath them with buttered beere or E CN
els with this bath here following: take of Mallovves 5. handfuls,a rofe cake,Sage one hind- ME
ful: boile them together in a fufficient quantity of vvater, and vvhen the Mallovves bee "n
foft, put in halfea pound of butter. and halfea pinte of Sallet-oile, and then being fome- i
what vvarme, vvath the fvvelling thervvith every day once,the {pace of three or 4.daies. E
Andif the welling wil not go away with this, then take Wine lees, and Cumin, and boile i
them together, and putthereuntoa litde wheate-flower, and chargeal the fwelling there-
with, and walke him often: and if it will notferue, then take vp the greatveine abouethe ^
E knee on the infide, fuffering him not to bleed from aboue, but al from beneath.
Of the Foundering in the forelegs.
epe caufe of this griefe is declared beforein the Chapter of foundering inthe body, M o E
whereas I (hewed you, that ifa horfebe foundred in the body, thehumors wil imme- " TUN.
diatly refort downe into his legs, as Martin faith within the {pace of 24. houres,and then mor
the horfewil go crovching al vpon the hinder legs, his forelegs being fo ftiffe, as he is not | JAM
ableto bowthem. The cure whereof, according to Martin, is in thisfort. Garter each leg i
immediatly one handful aboue the knee, witha lift goodand hard, and then walke him or i
chafehim, and fo put him inaheat,and being fomewhat warmed, let him bloodin both i
thebreaft vaines, referuing the blood to make a charge withal in this manner.
Take of that bloode two quartes, and of Wheate-flower halfe a pecke, and fixe 4 A
Egges, fhelles and all, of bole Armony halfe a pounde, of Sanguis Draconis halfea tn Ii
quarterne , anda quaite of flronge Vineger : mingle them altogether, and charge all Eu p |
his fhoulders,Breaft, Backe, Loynes, and Forelegges therewith, and then walke him 4 |
Mm 2 vpon TRUE 1 rh |
ete
4.00 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
vpon fome hard ground, fuffering him not to fland ftill, and when the charge is dry, res
fieíh itagaine. And hauing walked him three or 4.houres together,lead him into the fta-
. — ble, and giue him a little warm water with ground maul in it,and then a litle hay and pro-
- endet, and then walke him againe, either in the houfe, or elfe abroad, arid continuethus
1 HER RON the {pace of foure daies : and when allthe charge is fpent, couer him well with a houfin
ie Wo ug cloth ,andlet him both ftand & lye warme, and eat but little meat during the foure daies,
EE SS Butif you fee thatat the foure daies end he mendeth not a whit, then it isa fign that the
EE, V humor lies in the foot, for the which youmuft fearch with your butter, paring all the foles
» TELE of the fore-feetefo thin as you fhallfee the water yffue through the fole. That done, with
your butter, let him blood at both the tees, and ict him bleede well. Then ftop the veine 19
witha little hogs-greafe, and then tacke oa the (hooes,and Turpentine moltentogether,
and laid vpona little Flax, and cram the place where you did let him blood hard with tow,
to the intentit may be furely ftopt. Then fil both his feet with hogs greafe,and bran fried
together ina ftopping Pan,fo hot acis poffible.And vponthe ftopping clap a piece of lea
ther, or elfetwo {plentstokeepe the ftopping. And immediatly after this, take wo Egges,
beat thern ina di(h, and put cherto bole Armony,andbean-flower fomuchas wil thicken
the fame, and minglethem wel together,& make therof two plaifters, fuch as may clofe
each foot round about, fomwhat above the cronet, and bind it faft with a lift or roler that
it may not fall away, nor be remoued for che {pace ofthree daies, butlet the fole be clen-
fed,and new ftopped euery day once,and the cronets to be remoued euery two daies,con- 29
tinuing fo to do vntillitbe whole. During which time, let him reftvawalked, for feare of
loofening his hooues. But if you feethat he beginto amend, you may walke himfaire and
{oftly oncea day vpon fome foft ground,to exercife his legs and feet, and let him not eat
iuch,noz drink cold water. But ifthis fundering breake out aboue the hooue,which you
fhalperceme by theloofeneffz of the coffin, aboueby the cronet,then when you pare the
fole, you muft take al the fore-part of the fole cleane away Jeauing the heeles whole,to the
intent the humors may haue the freer paffage downeward, and then ftop him, and dreffe
himaboutthe cronet as is before faid.
Of Fouxdring. "
Fall other foranccs, Foundering is fooneft got, and hardlyeft cured : yet ifit may
tags. be perceiued in twenty and fourehoures, and taken in hand by this meanesheere-
after prefcribed, st (halve cured in other owenty gad foure houres: notwithftand-
ing, the fame ceceit, hath cured a horfe that hath bin foundred a year & more, but then it
was longer in bringing it to paffe. Founderiag co mmeth when a horfe is heated, being in
his greafe and very fat. and takerh thereon afuddaine cold which ftriketh downe into his
legs, and taking away the vfc and feeling ther cof. The figne toknowitis;thehorfe cannot
go,but wil fland cripling with alhis foure legstogether : if you offer to turnehim, he wil
coueh his buttocks to the ground, and fome Horfes haue Tfeene fit on their buttocksto 49
feede.
The cure is thus: Let him blood of his two breaft vaines, of his two fhacklevains, and
of his two vaines aboue the cronets of his hinder hooues : ifthe vaines wil bleed,take from
them 3.pintsat leaft, ifthey wil not bleed,then open his neck vain and take fo much from
thence. Saze the blood and let one fland by and ftir itas he bleeds leftit grow into lumps,
when he hath don bleeding,take as mueh wheat-floweras wil thicken the blood, the whits
of 20. Egges, and three orfoure yolkes, then takea good quantity of Bolearminacke,and
a pinte of {trong vineger, incorporate althefe wel together, and withal charge his backe,
necke, head, and eares : thentakeewo long rags of cloathand dip inthe fame charge, and
withal garter him fo ftraite as may beaboue both his knees of his forelegs,then let hiskee- se |
pet take him outto fome {tony caufie, or high-way paued with ftone, and there one follo-
wing him witha cudgel,let him trot vp and down for the {pace ofan hour or two or more
| that don,fethim vp and giue him fome meat and for his drinke let him hauca warm math:
fome three or foure houres after this, take off his garters,and fet him in fome pond of wa-
ter vptothe mid-fide, and folet him ftand for two houres, then take him outand {et him
bi
Of the Hofe. ^ agg
vp, the next day pul off his fhooes, and pare his feet very thin, and let him blood both of
his heeles and toes, then fet on his (hooes again and ftop them with hogs greafeand bran:
boilinghot,and fplint them vp, and fo turnehim out to run,and he fhall befound.
Of the fplent as wellin the infide or outfide of the kneesas other where in
290 the Legees.
His foranceto any mans fecling is a very griftle fometime asbig as a Walnut, and |
| fometime no more then a Hafel nut, which is called of the Italians, Spinella, and it : I
| 10 commeth, as Laurentius Rufiwsfaith, by tranelling the horfetooyounge, or by op- Blundevile
preffing him with heauy burthens offending his tendef finnewes, and fo. caufethhim to.
halt. [t is eafie- toknow becaufe t is apparant to the eye, and if you pinch it with your
thumbe and finger, the horfe will fhrinke vp his leg. The cure whereof according to Mar-
tinjisinthisfort. -
Warhat wel wich warm water,and fhane offthe haire;andlightly fcarifieal the fore pla
ces with the point of a rafor, fo as the bloode may yffue forth. Then take of Cantharides
halfea fpoonefulland of Euforbium as much, beaten into fine powder, and mingle them.
| together with a fpoonefull ofoilede bay, and then melt them ina little pan, ftirring them i;
| well together, fo asthey may not boile ouer, and being fo boiling hot, take two or 5. feà- :
| 4o thers, andannointall the fore place therewith. That done, letnotthe Horfe ftit fromthe!
place where you fo drefle him for one houre after, to the intent he fhake not offthe oint~.| LU
ment: Then carry bim fairandfoftly into the fable; and tye him as he may notreach with. TAN
his head beneath the manger; for otherwife hee wil couet to bite away the fmartingand : E
pricking medicine; which ifit {hould touch his lips,would quickly fetch of the skin. And :
alfo let him ftand withoutlitcer all that day and night, )
The next dayannoint the fore place with freth butter, continging foto do euery day
onceforthe fpaceof9.daies, for this fhalallay theheate ofthe medicine, and caufe both i
that, andthecrufkto fall away of it felfe;and therewith either cleane take away the fplent, ,
orat theleaft remoue st out of theknee into theleg,and fo much diminifh it; asthe Horfe
3o fhalgoe tight vp, and halte nomore through occafion thereof. Laurentius Rufus would),
haue the fplentto bé cured by fiering it longft wife and ouerthwart. I hauc feen thefplent
to be cleane takenaway thus, firft hauing clipt away the haire etowing vpon the hard place,
you muft beatit with a good big flick of hafillalmofta foot long, in which fticke fomwhat
diftant from the one end thereof would be fetfaft afharp pricke ofa little piece of fteele, '
to pricke the fore place therewith, once or twice to make the bloode yflue out, never lea- ^ ^ l
| uingto beat it firft foftly, and then harder and harder vntil it waxeth foft in euery place to”
| the feeling, and to thruft outthe bloud, partly with the fticke, leaning on it with both your,
| -hands,and partly with your thumbs: that done, wind about the fore place with a piece of : y
double red wollen cloth,holding itfo as it may lye clofe thereunto, then feare it vpon the. EU
| 4o cloth with the flat fide of your fearing iron, made hot, and not red-hot, but fo asitmay DE LUN i
| not burne through the cloth, that done, take away the cloth,and lay vpon theforea peece A
of íhoomakers wax, madelike a little cake, fo broad as is the fore place, and then fear that : |
| into his Legs with your fearing iron, vntill the waxbe throughly molten, dryed,and fun- i MEZ
| ken into the fore : that don,feare another piece of waxe in like manner intothe fore, vntill; tup EA:
| — itbedryed vp,andthen you may trauell your horfe immediatly vponitif you will,for he; NN
willnot haltno more. a
| of tle folent. M EN —
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LOCUS I Rm
| Splent isa forance of theleaft moment, vnleffe itbee on the knee, or elfea through
| Splent, both which cannot bee cured : A Splent is afpungy harde griffell or bone;
| growing faft on the infide of the fhin-bone ofa Horffe, wherea little making ftark
thefinnewes compelsa Horffefomewhat to ftumble : the cures are diuers and thus they |
be. Ifthe fplent be young, tender, and but new inbreeding,then caftthe horfe, and take mere) |
a fpoonefull of that Oylecalled Petrolium, and with that Oyle rubbe the Splenttill you t I
make it foft, thentake a fleame;fuchas you let a horfe bloud withall, and ftrike the fplent l bi
Mm 3 in A Y
Markham. di
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Blundevile |
Markham.
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
intwo or three places, then with yourtwothombes thruft it hardjand you thal fee crufhe
mattera blood come out, which is the,very Spleent, then fet him vp and let him reft, or
runat graffe fora wecke or more: othersfor a young Spleent do thus: take a hafell fticke:
and cut it quare, and therewithall beate the fplint till it be foft, then take a blew cloath and
lay vppon thefplent, and take.a Taylors preffing yronmade hot and tub it vpand downe
vpon the cloath ouer the fplent and it fhail take it cleane away. But ifthe fplent be old &
great and growne to the perfe&ion of hardneffe, then you mutt caft the Horfeand witha
{harp knife flit down the {plent,then take Cantharides and Eu forbium, of eachlikequan-
tity,and boylethem in Oyle debay,and with that fillvp-the flit, and renewe itforthree to
daies together ,thentake it away, anoyt the & place with Oyle debay, Oyle of Rofes or
Tar,vntillit be whole. .
, " ; E] 1
of Malander.
"Malander is akinde of feab growing in the forme of lines; or ftrokes, o-
uerthwart thebent of the knee, and hath long haires with ftubborne
rootes, like thebriftles ofa Bore which corrupteth and cankereth the
fleth, like the rootes ofa childas fcabbed head : and ifit bee great itwill
make the Horfe to go ftiffe atthe fetting forth, and alfoto halt. This dif-
lacke of cleane keeping, and good rubbing. The cureaccording to Martin, is thus. Firft
wath it welbwith warm water,then fhaue both haireand Ícab clean away, leaving nothing
butthe bare defh, whereuntolay this plaifter. Take a {poonefull of Sope, and as much of
lime? minglethem together, that it maybe like paaft, and {preadas muchon aclout as
will couer the fore, and binde it faft on with alift, renewing it euery day oncethe {pace of
two or three daies, and at the three dayes end, take away the plaifter and annoint the fore
with oyle of Rofes madelukewarme,and that fhallfetch away the crnft-{curfe, bred. by
meanes of the plaifter, which being taken away, wath the fore place well euery day once
with his owne ftale, or elfe with mans vrine and thénimmediately ftraw vpon itthe pow-
derofburnt oyfteríhels, continuing thus to do euery day once, vntillit be whole. 39
Another of the Mallander. |
onthe infidejat the bending of the kne,tt will make ahorfe go ftark,& ftumble much
he cure is inthis forte. Caftthe Horfe, and with fome inftrumentpluck offthe dry
{cab that wil fticke thereon, dodrub it till it bleede, then take and bind it thereto for three
daies, in which {pace you (halifee a white asker on the fore;then take that off, andannoint
it with oyle of Rofes or frefh butter, vntillit be throughly cured.
: Mallander isa peeui(h foranceand commeth of ill keeping, it is on the fore-legs,iuft
cafe proceedeth fometime of corruptbloode, but moft commonly for. 20
40
Of an upper attaint or ouerreach upon the backe finnew of the [banke, fomewbat
. aboue the ioynt.
=| He Italians call thisforance Atrinc7o, which is a painefullfwelling ofthe
maifter finiew, by meanesthatthe Horfe dothfometime ouerteach,and
li (trike that finnew with thetoe of his hinder foote, which caufeth himto
ie sia) halt. The fignes be apparantby the {welling of the place, and by the hor-
| DOE feshalting. The cure, according to Martin, isthus : wafhthe place with
wárme water, and fhaue all the haire fo farre as the fwelling goeth, and fcarifie euery part
of the fore place lightly with the point ofa rafor;that the bloode may yffue forth. Then
take of Cantharides and of Euforbium, of eacli halfe an ounce, mingle them together with
halfea quarterne of Sope, and with aflice fpread fome of this oyntmentouer althe fore,
faffering himto reft thereas you dreffe him for one halfe houre after, and then you may
carry him into the ftable, and there let him ftand without litter and tyedas hath beene
faid before in the Chapter of thefplecne; and the next day dreffe him with thefame oint-
ment
$9
Of the Horffe. Su A03
| ointment ofceagaine, euenas you did before. And thethitde daye annointthe place
with ftefh Butter, continuing foto do the fpace ofnine daies, andatthe nine daiesend
make him this bath.Take of Mallowes three handfuls, a Rofe-cake, of Sage an handfull.
| Boilethemtogither inafufficient quantity of water.And whenthe Mallowes befoft,put 7:
| — inhalfea pounde of Butter, and halfe apinte of Salletoyle; andthen being fomewhat
warme; Wath the fore placethetéwitheuery day once, the {pace ofthree or foure dayes.
| inc w Sidi Of anethér-taint.
| EN ' * : :
| pais isa little bladder ful ofielly;much like vnto a wind-gal, not apparant to the eie, Blundevile
| E bucto the feeling, growing inthe midft of the pafterne, fomewhat abouethe fruth.
| Itcommethby a ftraine, or elfe by {ome wrench, or by any ouer-reach, and maketh the
| — horfetohalt:Thefignes be thefe. The neathet-ioynt toward the Fewterlocke willbe hot.
in feeling, and fomewhat fwollen-The cure,according to Martin is in this fort. Tic him
| aboue the ioyntwitlialift fomewhat harde, and that will caufe. the bladder to appeare to:
the eye. Then lance it witha fharpe pointed knife, and thru ft out al the ielly. That doone,
| lay vntoit thewhite of an Egge, anda litle (alt beatentogether, and laid vppon Flaxe or
Towe, and binde it faft vnto thefore, renewing it once a day the {pace of foure or fiue
daies during which time let him reft, and then you may boldly labour him.
enh mane nS I —-
deze
m" Of an Ataint.
| N Atiaintis a gricfe that commeth by an ouer-reach, as clapping one legge vppon Markham.
another, or by fome other horfés treading vpon hisheels;the cureis:takeaíharp ^^ $
| knifeand cut out the ouer-reach, thatis, if it beneuer fo deepe likea hole, cutit plain and
| fmooth, howe broade foeuer you make it, then wath it with Beere and Salt, andlay to it | a
Hogges greafe, Wax, Turpentine,andRozen,of each like quantity boiled and mingled ee
togither, and this wil in few daies heale him, be it neuer fofore. /
Dam
j iM
Of «n ouer-reach vpon the hele. | | [EN
His is acut, fo as theskinne hangcs downe at the heele, made withthe toe ofthe nM
hinder foot, and is apparant to the eie, and it wil caufethe horfe fomewhat to halt.
| "Ihe cure whereofaccording to Martinis thus. Cut away theskinnethat hangeth
| | downe,and binde a little Flaxe dipt in the white of an Egge, mingled with a little bole
| Armony, renewing iteuery day once thefpace ofthree or foure daies, and that will :
Im helei. ^ : 1
| i Of falfe quarters. —- | ] i
His isa riftefometime inthe out fide, but moftcommonly in the infide of the |
| 49 . hooue; becaufe the infide is euer the weaker part, which fides are commonly cald mies |?
! quarters, and therof this forance taketh his name, and is calleda falfe quarter, that — on ck hi
is to fay,actafed or vnfound quarter,which name indeed is borrowed ofthe kalians;cal. I quo pa:
| lingitin theirtoong Falfo quarto.It commeth by euil(hooing,and partly by euil paring. in ab
| The fignes bethefe.The horfe wil for the moft part halt,and therift wil bleed, and is ap- Td
| parant to theeye. The cure according to Martinis thus. Ifthe horfe hale, then pul off the t i:
|! fhooe,ánd cut fo muchaway on that fide of the fhooe where the griefeis, as the fhooe a ith
| — being immediately put onagaine, the rift may be vncouered. Then open the rift with a «fj MUR |
| Rofenet or drawer,and fil the rift with a role of Towe dipt in Turpentine, Waxe, and ea ai Ve
|». Sheepes fewet molten, renewing it euery day once, vntil it be whole» Andthe rift being
| $9 clofedin the top, draw him betwixt the haire and the hooue with ahot yron ouerthwart |
| that place, to the intent that the hooue may fhooteal whole downeward, and when the . H |
| horfe goeth vprighr, ride him with no other fhooe, vntil his hooue bethroughly harde- ER |
,
ned againe,
! i
- 3 : UM E 40008
|
| | oia of |
b |
fi
t
4.03. The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafls. ==
ie vr as Of halting behind; ben hehe the ariefe is... n dip |
slundevile Y Eahorfe hale behind, the griefe muft either be inthe hip, inthe ftiffle, inthehough;in;
the hamime, in thelegge, in theneather ioyrit;: pafterneor foot. Ifhe halt in the hippe
of anew hurt, the horfe wil go fideling;and not followe fo well with that leggeas with
the other.But if it be old hurt, the fore hippe wil thriak and be lower then the other.And
is beft{eene,when hee goethvp a hil, orvpon the edge of fome banke, fo as the woorfte
leggé may go onthe higher fide, for chen he wil haltio much more, becaufeitis paineful
"wnto hinito go fo vneuenly wrinching his legge: If the griefe bee inthe ftiflle; then the
horfé in his going wil caftthe ftiffleioynt outward, andthe bone on the iftfide'wil be farre
bigger than the other. 9383 | [icio 31
Ifthe griefebee inthe hough, then it isby meanes of fome Spauen, orfomeother
hurt apparant tothecie.And chelikemay befaid of theham, wherein may befeene the
Selandet, or {uch likeapparant forance, caufing the horfe to halt : Ifthegriefe be eyther
in the leg; pafterne or foot, then you fhal finde it by fuch fignes as haue bin taught you
before. And therefore let vs now fpeake of thofe forances, that are properly" incident to
tlie hinder legs. nd be |
| ^ Ofthe String-halt. |
He String-hault isa difeafe that maketh a horfe twitch vp his legge fodenly, and fo ^"
MA hault much,itcommeth fometimes naturally and fometimes caufualiy by means
Markham. of fome great cold whereby the fianewes are ftrained : the beft curethereof, isto
diga pitin fome dunghil, as deepe as the horfeis fie, and fet the horfe in ,& couer him
withavarnie dung, and fo let him ftande the {pace of two houres, then take him out and
make him cleane,and then bath him al ouer with Traine-oile made warmie,and it wil help
him. |. AA
Ofa barfe that is hipped, or burt in thehippes.
He horfe is faid to be hipt, when the hip-bone is remooued out of his right place,
which griefeis called of the Italians Mal del ancha.It cummeth moft commonly by
fome great tripe or ftraine, flipping, fliding, or falling. The fignes bethefe. The
horfe wil halt, and in his going he wil go fideling, and the forehip wil fal lower than the
other, andthe flefhin proceffe of time will confume cleane away.And ifit be fuffredto
run fo long, it wil neuer be reftored ynto his preftine eftate. The beft way as Martin fayth
to make him go vpright, is to chargehis hip andbacke with Pitch and Rozen moltento-
gither, and laid on warme, and then fome floxof his owne colour to be clapped vppon
the fame, and folet him runto graffe, vntil he go vpright.But the fore hip wil nener rife
againe fo highas the other.Ifthe horfe be not hipped, but onely hurt inthe hip,and that
30
IO.
newly, then firfttake of vile deBays of Dialthea, of Nerual, of Swines-greaceymelt them 4o |
altogither, ftirring them continually vnul they bethroughly mingled togither,andan-
nointthe fore place againftche haire with this oiatment euery day once, the fpace ofa
fortnight,and make the ointment to finke wel into the flefh,by holdinga hot broad barre
ouer the place anointed, weauing yourhandtooandfro, vatilthe ointment beentred
into theskin.And ifatthe fortnights end, you feethat the horfe amendethno whitte for
this,then flita hole downward in his skin, andan inch beneath the hip-bone, making the
holefo wide, as you may eafily thruftein a rowel with your finger, andthenwith alittle
broade slice or yron, lofen the skin fromthe Qefh aboue the bone,. and round about the
fame; fobroadas the rowel may lye flatand plaine betwixt the skinandthe flefh, which
rowel would be made offoft Calues-leather, witha hole inthe midftlike aring, hauing $e
athred tied vnto it, to pul it out when you would clenfe the hole, and ifthe rowel be row-
led about with flax fafttied on, & anointed with thointment vnder written, itwil draw fo
much the more: and thruft in the rowel firft double, and then fpred it abroad; with your
finger. That done,tainr it with a good long taint of flax or tow dipt inalittle Turpentine
andhogs-greace molten togither and made warme, and cleanfe the hole and therowel
euery day once, andalfo renew'the taint euery day for the fpace of afornight.
|
|
- Ofthe Horffe.
| And before you dreffe him, caufe him euery day to be ledde vp and downea foot pacea
| quarter of an houre, to make the humors come downe,andat the fortnights end pul out
| the rowel, and heale vp the wound with the fame flue, making the tainteuery day leffer,
| and leffer vntilit be whol¢.And fofooneas it is whole, draw with a hot yron croffe lines,
of eight or nine inches long, right ouer the hip-bone, foas the rowelled place may bee
in the very midft thereof, and burne him no deeper, but fo as the skin may looke yellow
and then charge al that piace,and oueral his buttocks with this charge. Take of pitch one
| pound, of Rozen halfea pounde, of Tarrehalfe a pinte: Boilethem together, andthen
| ^ being goodand warme, {pred it on witha clout tied in a riuen fticke : and then clap ona
1o few flockes ofthe horfes colour. And ifit bein Summer, let the horfe runneto graffea
while, for the more he trauelleth at his owne wil, the better it is for him.
|
|
|
|
|
Of fiffling, and hurts in the fliffle.
He horfe is faid to be ftiffled, when the {tiling bone isremoued fromthe
$ Im place: but if it be notremoued nor loofened ; and yet the horfe halteth by
4 meanes of fome griefe there, then wefay thatthe horfeis hurt in the {tif-
fle, and not ftiffled. The ftiffle commeth by means of fome blow,or fome
| 75" greatftraine, flipping or fliding. Thefignes bethefe. Ifhe be ftiffled, the
| 20 one bone wil fticke out farther than the other, and is apparanttothe eie. Martin woulde
have you to cure the ftifflein al pointslike vnto the fhoulder-pight, fauing that the pins
|. need notbeefolong, becaufethe füifling place is not fo broadas the fhoulder, and ftan-
| ding inthe ftable, let him haue a pafterne witha Ring on his forelegge,andthereunto fa-
ftena cord, whichcord muft go about his necke, and let it be fe much firained, as it may
bring his fore legge more forward thanthe other to kecpethe bone from flarting out.But
ifthe horfe bee but hurt in the ftifle with fome ftripe or ftraine, then the bone wil not
ftand out, but perhaps the place may be fwollen. The cure according to Martin is thus,
Firft annoint the place with the ointment mentioned before, euery day once the fpace
ofa fortnight, andif the horfe amend not wich this, then rowel him with a hearen rowel,
| 30 or elfe with a quil, and letthe neather hole be fomwhat before the fore place,and clenfe
the hole euery daye, by turning thecowel, continuing fl to annointthe place with the
ointment aforefaid, and that wil make him whole.
Of fenndering bebind.
| His happes moft commonly whena horfe is very far,and hath his greace moulten
| within him, which is foone donewith euery little heate. You (hal perceiue it by his
| going, for he wil be afraide to fet his hinder feet to thegrounde, and he wil bee fo
weake behind, as he wil ftand quivering and thaking and couet alwaies to lie downe. The
| 4o Cure; according to Martinis thus. Firftgarter him abouethe houghes, and then force
| hia to go awhile to put him ina heat, and being fomewhat warme, let him bloode in the
| — thigh vaines, referuing of that blood a pottle;to make him acharge in this fort.Put vnto
| that blood, of Wheat-flowerand of Beane-flower, ofeacha quarter ofa pecke, of Bole
| Armony onepound, of Sanguss Draconds two ounces, fix Egges,thels andal, of Turpen-
| tinehalfeapound, of Vineger a quart, Mingle al thefe thinges togither, and therewith
| charge both his hinder Legges, his Reynes, and Flankes, alagainftthe haire. And ifthe
|. horfe cannot dung, lette himbe raked, and giuchim this glifler :take of Mallowes three
| _ handfuls, and boile them wel in faire Water froma pottletoa quart. Then ftraine itand
| putthereunto halfe a pounde of Butter, and of Sallet Oylea quarter ofa pinte, and ha-
|. uing emptied his belly, giue him alfo this drinketo comforte him ; take of Malmefiea
| go (uart,and putthereuntoa little Cinamon, Mace, and Pepper; beaten into fine powder
and of Oylea quarter of a pinte, and giue the horfe to drinke of that Luke-warme witha
horne. |
That don, let him be walked vp and downea good while togither it he be ableto go:if
nor, then tie him vp to the racke, and let him be hanged with Canuas and ropes, foas he
may
405
cn art COD
Sz
EE ET -
m Sep cR
iia xS RET in
io riri
iM
-
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beaffs.
may ftand vppon the ground with his feet: For the leffe he lieth the better, and pare his
hinder feet thin, votill he deaw come out, and tacking on the (hooes againe, ftoppethe
hooues with bran aud hogs greaceboiledtogither, andlet both his feet having this geere
in ic, be wrapped vp ina cloath euea to his pafternes,and there tie the clout faft. Let his
Blundevile
diet be thinneand let him drinke no colde water, and giue him in winter wet hay; andia
Summer giraffe.
Of the dry Spauen.
He dry Spauin called of the Italians Spanane or Sparauagnd, isa greathardknob as
big asa Walnut growing in the infide of the hough, hard vnder the ioynt,nigh vn-
to the maifter vaine, and caufeth thehorfe to halt,which forance commeth by kind
- becaufe the horfes parents perhaps had the like difeafe at the time of his generation, and
Markham.
fometime by extreame labour and heat diffoluing humors which do defcend thorough
the maifter vaine, continually feeding that place with euilnutriment, and caufeth that
lacetofwel. Which fwelling in continuance of time becommeth fo hard asabone,and
thereforeis called offoine the bone-Spauen. Itneedeth nofignesor tokens to knowe
it becaufeit is very much apparantto the eie, and therefore moft Ferrers doe take itto
be incurable.
Notwithftanding, Martin faith, thatic may bee madeleffe with thefe remedies heere
following. Wath irwith warme water, and (haue offthe haire fo farre as the {welling ex-
tendeth andfcatife the place, fo as it may bleed. Then take of Cantharides one dozen, of
Enforbiumhalfe a fpoonefull, breake them into powder, and boile them togither witha
little oile de Bay, and with two or three feathers bound togither, put it boiling hot vpon
the (ore, and let his taile be tyed vp for wiping away the medicine ;and then within halfe
an houre after,fet him vp inthe ftable,and tic him fo as he may notlie downe al the night
for teare of rubbing off the medicine, and the next day annoint it with frefh butter, con-
tinuing thus to do euery day oncethe {pace offiue or fixe daies, and when the haire is
rowneagaine, draw the fore place with ahot yron. Then take another hot fharpeyron
like a Bodkin, fomewhat bowing at the point, and thrufte icin at the neather end of the
middle-line, and fo vppeward betwixt the skinne and the flefh to the compaffe ofan inch
andahalfe.
And then taint it witha little Turpentine and Hogges-greace moulten together and
made warme, renewing it every day once the fpace of nine daies.Bur remember firftim
mediately after his burning to take vppe the maifter vaine, fuffering him to bleeda little
from aboue, and tie vp the vper end of the vaine, andleaue the neather end open, to the
intent that hee may bleede from beneath vntil it ceafe it felfe, and that fhal dimini(h the
Spauen, or elfe nothing wil dott.
Of the Spanen, both bone and blood.
SEXUS Oubtleffea Spauen isan euil forance, and caufetha horfeto hault princi-
; | pally in the beginning of his griefe, itappeareth on the hinder Legges
| within, and againft the ioynt, and it will beea little fwolne, and fome hor-
RU fes haue athorough Spauen, which appeareth both within and without.
$533524]! Of the Spauen thereare two kindes, the one hard the other foft : That is :
a bone-Spauea, anda blood-Spauen, for thebone-S pauen I holdeit hardeto cure, and
therefore theleffe neceflary tobe dealt withal, except very great occafion vrgey and thus
it may be ho!pen.
Caftthehorfeand witha hot yronflittethe flefh that couereththe Spauen, and then
lay vponthe Spauen, Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile deBay, and an-
noint hislegges round about, either with the oile of Rofes, and with zsgueetum album
ev,
EN)
YO |
20
30
40
jo
camphiratum. Dreffe him thus forthree daies togither, then afterwarde take it awaye —
and forthree daies more lay vntoit onely vponFlaxe and vnflea& lime, then afterward
dreffe it with T arre vntil it be whole.
The
The Cantbarides and Euforbium,wil eat & kil the fpungy bone, the lime wil bring it clean
| away, and the Tarre wil fucke out the poifon, and healeal vp found : but this cure is dan-
| gerous, for ifthe incifion be doneby an vnskilful man, and he either by ignorance or by
| the fwaruing of his hand, burne in twaine the great vainethat runnes croffe the Spauen,
then thehorfe is fpoiled. 1971 iod édrrlobine bog beide d Y e
~ Now for the blood Spatien thatis'exfily helpt, for Thaue knowne?diuers which-haue
» beehebutnewly beginning, helptonely by taking vppe the Spauien vaine, and letting it
| Bleedwel beneath,and then ftop the wound with Sage;ind Salt,but ifit bea greavblood
| Spaten, thenwich a fharpe ktiife;cut itas you burnt the bone Spauen;and take the Spas
uen away, then heale it vp with Hogges-preace and Turpentine onely. Ma niii
b
| ;
| - AP uf LAM « TM ee wy MA ^s eee
OU PSOMIOGE Of she wer Spanen, or through Spanien. onn
i
or,
Tool Hisis a foftfwelling growing on both fides of the hough and feemes to goe
74 cleanethroughthe hough, and therefore may beecalleda through Spauen:
[- ZI Butfor the moftparttlie fwelling is onthe infide,becanfe it is coptinually fed
Bese) ofthe mafter vain; & is.greater than thefwelling on the outftde: The Italians
| calthis forance Laierda, or Gierdone, which feemeth to come ofa. more fluxible humor;
) and not fo vifcous or flimy as the other Spauen doeth, and therefore this waxeth not fo
2 harde, nor growethto the nature ofa ‘bone asthe other doeth, and this is more curable
thenthe other.It needesno fignes, becaufe it is apparantto the eie, and eafie to know by
the délcriptionth ereóf before máde: The cure acéording to Martitiis chus.Firftewafb, 5:5.
(hane; and {eatifie the pláceás before. Then take of Camtharides halfe an ouncejotEufor- ^.
biurá ad ounce broken to powder,& Oyle deBay one ounce,minglethem wel together
colde, without boiliágttiem and diffe the fore therewith two dates togithersahd-euery
day after, yntilthe haire be growne againe, ann oint it with frefli Butter. "Then-firehim
| Both withoutand within, as before) without taintitig him, and: immediately'take vp the
maifter veine,as before : and then for the fpace of nine daíes; annoint himrenery daye
once with Butter, vntilthe fiered placebeginne to fcale, and then wafh it with thisbath.
3o Take of Mallowes three handfuls, of Sage one handful, and as much of red nettles, boile
them in water vntilthey be foft, and put thereunto a litle fre(h butter, and bath the place
cucry day oncefor the fpace of threeor foure daies, andvntil the 'bürning be Whole, Tet sso"
' IO
the horfecomie inno wet. ^ ^ ^ ., . ua oleae aspe :
iar xd v erri ‘eg UR à nens MESS G THEEEOIIOD) S(319315 atid T
po am PPS Of the Sela aep. LiT bri tinte oct 39212051] 9103 01 anita
13 CLI 9X Ji3rioo! 935. ,29912f071 G (9m bit | ;
"[^Hisisakinidof cab breeding inthe ham, whichis the bent ofthe hough ands like
"Xin BY points, t6 thie Malander, proceeding of like caufes, and requireth likecure; and
, cle 4 a i RPS A Á A .
| therefote reforttoxhe Malander.- 3 ak 211.1 Ghedes) hosed btisqd oco
si T 951 ot} ris A. ; js kyr OE OIO6S3994 pe iens n. er sris i log M n '
49 701 ooo ooo 2r Of the bougb boonie, ér bard kaob.: i15 se:
031115111 sinning UU o slilddss? 1o ,22:235-22990H to ,Scubstag É X
"5Hisisaroündfwellingboony; like a P4r bal, growing vpon the tippe or elbow of
^ the hough;sbdthereforeLtliought goodto eal it the hough-boonie:This forance
| 7! Cethnieth’ 6Pome (ipeorbrüfe, 4nd as Martin faith; is curedthus Take around
| Rot yin fomewliat fliarpe at thetetide like a good bigge bodkity;:and letitbefomewhát
| beüdingarthe point.’ ‘Then holding the fore with yodrleftliande; pulling itfomewhat
| fromthe finnewes, pierceit with the yron, being fitt made red horthrufting it beneath
| inthe bottome, and fo vpward into the belly, to the intent that the fame ielly may yffue
!&» downeward outat the hole, and hauing thruftouc al the ielly, taint the hole witha tainte
| $9 of Flaxe diptin Turpentine, and Hogges greace moulten together, andalfo annointe i
| theoutfidewidvHogges gréacemade warme; renewing it;euery daye,pnce vntill the i At
| holebereadyte fhutwp, makingithe caint cuery day lefferandleffer, to theantentit may ery i !
| lieale vp. amis to-s5 vlr v1Sts coos)? DEVI. son ami si bes oodd fiw sad 0 Mea bows s. i i Ue
| Porn sd: we adesw ooo niolotvr sc m ood hecusospiVbggsy of 4 BI |
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Blundevile r ivisaláade off. cabbe,called in Italian, Crappe, which is full of f retting matteri(h
408 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
ud bocel. lOftheCurbe. Liw oTi 1 adibi |
Blundevile Keer His is along {welling beneath.the Elbowofthehough, inthegreat finnewe — |
zc behind,and caufeththe horfe to halt,after thathe hath been a whilelaboured — |
«i5 and thereby fomewhatheated.Forthe more the finnewis ftrained, the grea-
PAGES} rer griefe, which againe by his reft is eafed. This commeth by bearing fome
greatweight when the horfeis younge, otelíe by fome ftraine or wrinch, whereby the
render finnewes are greeucd, or rather bowed (as Rus(ius faith (whereof it is, called in.I-
talian Curba a Curuande,thatis to fay, of bowing for anguifh whereof it doth {wel,which y— |
{welling is apparant tothe eie,and maketh that legge to thew bigger thanthe other. The *
cure according to Martin is thus : Takeof wine-Leeze.a pinte, a porringer ful of Wheat
flower, of Cumin halfe an ounce, and ftirre them well togitlier, and being made warme
charge thefore 3. or 4. daies,and when thefwelling is almoftgone; then drawjit with a
hot yronjand couer theburning with Pitch ‘and Rozen moulten together, and lay it on
good and warme, and clap thereon fome flockes of his owne colour, or fonighas may
begotten, and remoue them not,vatil chey falaway of themfelues.And for the fpace of
nine daiesletthe horffe reft,andcome in no wet. .; OM dete uo
Another of the Curbe.. «- alias Ber $a |
- A Cürbéisaforance that maketh a horfeto halt much, anditappeares vpon his bin-
/^V derlegges; ftraight behind vpon the cambrell place, andalitle beneath the Spa-
** " nenjanditwilbe [wolne as big ashalfea Walnut, the cure followeth : Take a {mall
cordandbind his legges hard aboue it,and beneathit, then beat it, and rub it with a hea-
uy fticketibit growe foft, then withafleame firike it in three or foure places, and with
yourthuimbés crufh out che filthy brufed matter; then loofe the corde, andannoint it
Markham.
with Butter vntil tbe whole. .. , o sondbaritrotnods bns: ewe
?
org
water ,and it breedech in the pafternes for lacke of cleane keeping and good rub-
bing afterthe horfe hath beene iournied, by means wherof the fand & dirt remai-
ning inthe haire, fretteth the skin and fleth, and fo breedeth afcab. Andthereforethofe
horfes that hanelong haire, and are rough aboutthefeet, arefooneft troubled with this
difeafe, ifthey be nocthe cleanlier mira lignes bethefe.His legs wil bee {wollen and
hot, and.watér wil vffue ouvof the fcab, which water hishot and fretting, as it. wil fcalde
offthe haireand breed fcsbs, fo farre as it goeth.The cure, accordingto Martin is thus,
Firftwafh welal the pafternes with Beere and Butter warmed togither, and his legs be-
ing fomewhat dried with a cloth clip away al the haite, fauingthefewter lockes. Then
take of Turpentine, of Hogges-greace, of hony of each like quantity, mingle themto-
pithet in a pot, aud putthereuntoa little Bole Acmony the yelkes of two Egges,and as
imiich Wheac flower as wil thicken thethings afor laidyand make it plaifter-like,and for
thatcaufe hadneed:to be very wel wrought and firred togither, Then witha flice ftrike
fome ofthe plaifted vponfuchapeece oflinnen cleathas wil ferue to goroundabour the
pafterne,and bind it faft.on'witharowler, renewing it oncea day, vntilit be whole, and
49 |
5 2 \
let notthe horfe be travelled rior ftand wet. [v zi chiw ai sotla abe
sully ver vlfei ome) 2d 3sd3 20210: ods 02, wllad 501.020) biswav otbneemonod sty
ame: Eran gion aii 10161 yd methernfabe paltesei o d bn lod sdiss wa basoronvemby ge
T^y Ainesis 4foranice thatcommeth of hot ill humor s:of il keepin iitappearethindie — |
Markham, Y Fetockes;and wil wel in the Winter: time, and wil fendfportha; fharpe waters the
__ haire wil ftare,and the cure is thus : Waththem euery day twice or thrice with gun-
Pouderand Vineger, and they wil be wholein one weeke at the moft. |
of |
Of the Horffe.
Of Mules or kibed heeles called of the Italians Mule.
Hisis akind of {cab breeding behind ,fomewhat aboue the neather ioynt, growing
ouerthwat the fewterlock, which commeth moft commonly for being bred in cold
round,or elfe for lack of good dreffing after that he hath bin labore din foule mire
and dirty waies, which durt lying ftil in his legs,frecteth the skin, and maketh fcabby rifts,
which are foone bred, but not fo foone gotten away, The anguifh wherof maketh hislegs
fomtime to {well,and {pecially in winter and {pring tme,and then thehorfe goeth very ftif-
zo ly,and with great pain. The forance is apparant to the ei¢,and is cured according to Mar-
. tin in this fort. Takea piece of linnen cloth, and with the falue recited in the laft chap.make
fucha plaifter as may couer al the fore place,and binde it faft on that it may not fall off, re-
newing it euery day once vntil the fore leaue running,and beginneth to wax dry then wath.
it euery day once with ftrong water, vntillitbe cleane dryed vp, but sf this forance be but
in breeding,& there is no raw flefh,then it (hal fuffice to anoint it with Sope two or three
daies,and at the three daies end to wath them with alittle Beefe broath or di(h water.
Of Frettifhing.
^ T is a forance that commeth of riding a horfe,til he fweat,and then tofet him
vp withoutlitter,wher he taketh tuddenly coldin his feet,& chiefely before : it appears
vider the heelein the hart of the foot: for it will grow dun,and wax white and crumbly like
a Pomys,& alfo in time it wil (now, by the wrinckles on his hoofe,and the hoofe wil grow
thicke and brickle,he wil not be able to tread, on {tones or hard ground, nor well to trauel
but ftumble and fal:the cure is thus: Take and pare his feet fo thin as may be,then rofttwo
or three Egs, in the Embers very hard,& being extream hot taken out of fire, crufh chem
in his foot,and then clap a piece of leather theron, and fplint it that the Egges may not fal
out,and fo let him run and he will be found.
Of forances or griefes that becommon to alifoure feet.
Itherto we haue declared vnto youthe caufes figns and cure of all fuch griefes as are
X. 4 properly incident, either tothe forelegs, or hinder legs: now therefore we {peake of
thofe gricfes that be common to them bothyand firftof windgals.
Of Windgalles.
He windgall called of the Italians Galla, is a bladder full of corrupt ielly, whereof Blundevile
fome be great and fome bee finall, and do grow on each fide of the ioynt, andis fo
¢ painfull,and efpecially in fummer feafon when the wether is hot and the waies hard,
as the horfeis not able to trauell bur halteth downe right. They come for the moft pare
through extreame labor and heat, whereby the humors being diffolued, doe flow and re-
fortinto the hollow places about the neather ioynts, and there be congealed and couered
witha thin skin like a bladder. They bee apparant to the eie and thereforeneedeno other
fignes to know them. The cure whereof according to Martinisthus. VWafh chem with
water and thaue off the haite, fcarifie them with the point ofa rafor, and drefle them with
Cantharides in the felfe fame mannerasthe fplent in theknee was taught before, andan-
nointthem afterward with butter vntil the skin be whole. Andif this will not healeir,then
draw themwitha hotironlikea ragged ftaffe. That doneflit the middle line which paffeth
right downe through the windgall with a (harpe knife,beginning beneath and fo vpward
the length of halfe aninch, to the intent you may thruftthe ielly outat thathole, then lay
vntoit alittle pitch and rozen molten together, and made lukewarme, and put a few foxe
on it, andthat will healehim. And youmay dry vp the windgall in fuch manner as heere
followeth « Firft chop off the haire fo faras the windgall extendeth, and hauing firiken it
with a fleame, thruft out theielly with your finger. Then takea peece of red wollen cloath
and clap itto the place, and with a hot broad fearing iron feare it, fo astheiron may not
burne through thecloth whichis don to dry vp the humors. Nn Then
409
Markham.
4.19
Markham.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafle.
Then hauing taken away the cloth, lay vnto the place a peece of fhoomakers waxe made
like a flat cake aboutthe breadth of ateftorn,and with your iron not made oucr hot,ftreek
foftly vponittoo and fro, vntillthe faid wax be throughly melted into the fore. Wherup-
on lay a few flox,and let him go. Which flocks will afterward fall away of their owne ac-
cord.
| Of Wisdeals.
Ingals are eafic to cure, they be little fwellings like blebs or bladders, on either fide
the joint next vnto the feuter-locks, as wel before as behind, and they come through
the occafion of great trauellsinhard,grauelly or fandy waies. The cure is. Take Pitch, Ro-
zen, and Mattick, of each like quantity, melethem together,and with a fticklay i round a-
boutthehorfeslegs,and whileft iris hot lay flocks theron : the natare of thisplaifter,is ne-
uer to come away whilft there is any windgall on the Horfes legs, but when they aredried
vp, then it will fallaway ofit{elfe. | ? |
Of wrinching the weather ioynt.
"P His commeth many times by treading awry in fome cart root or otherwife. The figns
be thefe. The ioyntwill be fwollen and fore, and the horfe will halt. The cure whereof
according to Martinis thus : take of Dialthea halfe a pounde, and as much of Neruall.
Mingle them together and anoint the fore place therewith, chafing it well with both your
hands that the oyntment may enter, continuing fo to do euery day once, vntill the oynt-
ment beall fpent, and let the horfe reft.But if this will not prevaile,then wath it with warm
waterand (haue away all the haire faving the fewter-lock. Scarifieit and lay to it Cantha-
rides, and heale itas you do cach fplentin the knee. |
z Of enterfering. ^.
Bes enterfering is to be holpen by fhooing, wee purpofe netto fpeake of it, vntill
$2 we come totalke of the order of pating and,{Hooing all manner of hooues.
Another of Enterfering. "
Nterfering isa griefe that commeth fometimes by ill (hooing ,and fomtimes natural-
ly, when a horfe trots fo narrow that he hewes onleg vpon another, it appéaréth both
before and behind, betweene the feete againft the fet-lockes ; andthere is no remedy but
fhooing him with íhooes made thin and flat on the outfide, and narrow and thicke with,
in. |
Ofthefpakelleall. 007 :
| | i? lotti a
Fahorfe be galled in the patterns, with (hakell; locke paftérne; or halter; anointthefore
place with alittle Hony and Verdigreafe boiled together, vntillit looke réd which isa
good ointment forall gallings on the withers aad im mediatly ftrowvpon the ointinent;
being firft laid vpon the leg, a little chopt flag or tow and that will tick faft, continuing fo
to doeuery day once vntillit be whole. Iti S: omit rt
tte bre
Of hurts in the legs that copmeth by cafting in the halter or collar, 2010"
E2555. T chanceth many times; thara Horffe having fome itchvnder hiseares, is de-
à firous to fcratch the fame with his hider foote which whilefthe reacheth too
' and fro, doth faften in thé coller or halter, wherewith the more that he ftriueth
orturpiag he fnarleth himfelfefoasheis not able to get vp,but hanigeth either by'the neck
ot Legges, vvhich fometimes are galled even tothe hard bone; 2 110 eons!) ott
Rufous calleth fuchkinde of galling capi/tratura, which he was wont to heale with this
iguosr'? s ointé
NT:
[55:2 5)53! the more he galleth his Leggesjand many times it chancethiforxbat heistye ..
ed fo long,by means wherof being laid, and the alter (lack about his feet;rifing perhaps
-
o
20 |
i
30°
48
jo
Of the Horffe.
ointment heere following, praifing it to be excellent good for the cratches, or any fcab,
bruife, or wound: take of oile Oliue one ounce, of Turpentine two or three ounces, mele
them together ouer the fire, and then put thereunto a little wax, and work them well togi-
ther, andannoint the fore place therwith. Martin faith itis good toannoint the fore place
- withthewhite of an eggeandfillet-oile beaten together, and when it commeth to a {cab,
annoint tt with butter being molten, vntill it looke browne, - | ;
Ofthe Cratches or Rats tailes, called of the Italians
Crepaccie. prre
M pius isa kindof long fcabby rifts growing right vp and down in the hinder part, from
the fewterlock vp tothe Curb, and commeth for lacke ofcleane keeping, and is eafily
feene ifyou take vp the horfes foot, and lift vp the haire. The cureaccording to Martin is
thus. Take of Turpentine halfe a pound, ofhony a pint, of hogs-greafe a quarterne, and
3. yolks of Egs, and of bole Armony aquartern, beaten into fine powder, of bean flower
halfea pinte, mingle all thefe welltogether,and makea falue thereof,and with your finger
annointall the fore places, fheading the haireas you go, to the intent youmay the eafier
find them,andalfoto make the falue enter into the skin, and let the horfe comein no wet,
vntill he be whole. |
L
? ofthe Scratches.
See will caufe a horfeto halt fore, and they come only by naughty keeping, and
s they appeare in the patterns vader the Ferlocks,as if the skin were cut ouerthwarc,chat
aman may lay ina wheat-ftraw: the cureis thus : bind vixo thé (the haire being cut cleane
away) black Sope and Lime kned together, for three daies, then lay that by, and annoynt
the placewith butter, and healethe fore with Bores greace and Tar mixt well together.
Of the Ring-bone.
| 3° mesic isa bard grifle growing vponthe cronet, and fometime goeth round about the
cronet,andis called in Italian Soproffe. Laurentius Rufus faith, that it may grow in a-
|... By other place ofthe Leg, but then we cal it nota Ring-bone, but aknot or knob.It com-
| methatthe firft either by fome blow of another Horfe, or by ftriking his owne footea-
— gainftfome ftub, or ftone,or fuchlike cafualty. The paine whereof breederh a vifcous and
| — flimy humor, which reforting to the bones, that are oftheir owne nature coldeand dry,
and in proceffe oftime becommetha bone. The
waxeth hard, cleaueth to fome bone,
fignesbe thefe.
The Horfe will halt, and the hard fwelling is apparantto the eie, being higher then any .
| lace ofthe cronet. The cure according to Martin isthus. Firft wath it wellwich warme
| 4° water,and (haue away all the haire, fo as che fore place may beall difcouered. Then fcari-
fie it lightly with the point of a rafor, fo as thebloude may yffue forth. Then if the fore be
| — broad,take of Euforbium one ounce, ofCantharides halfe an ounce,broken into fine pow-
| der, and of Oyle de Bay one ounce, andiftheforebee but little, the one halfe of chis may
ferue. Boile thefe things together, firring them continually leaft icrun ouer,and with two
or three feathers, lay it boiling hot vnto the fore, & let not the horfe ftir from that place
for halfe an houreafter, then carry him into the {table, both vfing and curing him for the
fpace of nine daies, infuch order ashath been faid before inthe chapter ofthefplent. But
when the haire beginneth to grow again, then fire the fore place with right lines from the
| |. pafterne downeto the coffin ofthe hooue,and let the edge of the drawing iron beasthick
| 39 asthe backe ofa meatknife, andburne him fo deepeas the skinne may looke yellow: that
| done, couer the burning with pitch and rozen molten together, and clap thereon flox of
the Horffes owne colour, or fomewhat nigh the fame, and about three daies after, lay a-
gaine forre of the laft mentioned plaifter, or oyntment, and alfo new floxe vpon the olde,
| andtherelet them remaine, vntill they fall away of themfelues.
—— "he IN s | ! Nn2 But
41
Markham,
"d. "aui
c : - VESTEM puc To S S = ie
eS s DT NR —Í : = — -— = :
MIU de
Kc en
MACC CU ee cM i iy ccc otc o cp CDD cds EC ei [a codem :
-—
em
Markham.
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
But if thefering-bones, or knobs, breede in any other place, then in the cronet, you (hal
cure them, as-is before faid, without firing them.
Of the Ring-bone. ! E | “
Ji eRing-boneis an il difeafe, andapeareth before on the foot aboue the hoofe,a{well
before as behind, and will be fwolne 3. inches broad, anda quarter of an inch or more
of height, and the haire will (tare aud wax thin, and will make a Horfe halt much, thecure
is. Cat the Horfe, and with an iron made flat and thin , burne away that griftle which an-
noies him, then take wax, l'urpentine;Rozen, Tar,and hogs-greafe,of each like quantity, 1g |
mingle them ogether plaifter-wife, and with it cure the fore: this plaifter wilalfo cure a-
_ ny other wound or vicerwhatfoeuer.
. t
ofthe crowne-Jcab.
His isa kind of filthy and ftinking f. cab, breeding round about the feete vpon the cro-
Blundevile | nets, and isan eluifhand painful difeafe, called in Italian Crifaria. Itfeemethto come
and the cronets wilbealwaies mattering and run ona water. The cure according to Mar- d
by meanes thatthe Horfe hath bin bred in fome colde wet foile, ftriking corrupt humors
vp to his feet,and therefore the horfethat hath this griefe is worfe troubled in winter then
infurmmer. The figns bethefe.The haire of the cronets wil be thinand ftaring like briftles,
tin is thus. Take offope, ofhogs-greafe, ofeach halfe a pound, of bole Armony alittle,of -
Turpentine aquartern, and mingle them alltogether, and make a plaifter and bind itfaft
on renewing it cuery day once, vutill itleaue running, andthen wath it with {trong vine-
get being lukewarme euery day once vntillthe fore be cleanedryed vp, andlethim come
in no wet, vntillic be whole. |
Of hurts vpon the eronet croffimg onefoot ouer another, which the
Italians call Suprapofle,
Marais wath it wel with white wine,or witha little ftale,& then lay vnto it the white 39 |
of an Egge mingled with a little chimny foot and falt,and that will dry it vp inthree
or foure daies, if it be renewed euery day once.
Of the quitterbone.
THis isa hard round {welling vpon the cronet, betwixt the heeleand the quarter, and
groweth moft commonly on the infide of the foor, and is commonly called’ of the
Italians Setula, or Seta. It commeth by meanes of grauell gathered viiderneath the
' fhooe, which frerteth the heele, or elfe by the cloying or pricking of {ome naile euell dry-
uen, the anguifh whereof loofeneth the griftle, andio breedeth euill humors, wherofthe 49
quitterbonefpringeth, The fignes be chefe. The horfe will halt, and the {welling is appa-
rantto the eie, which in foure or fiue daies comming toa head, wil breake out with mat. ^
ter ata little deep hole like a Fiftula. The cureacording to Martin is thus. Firft burn about
the quitterbone with hot iron,in manner of balfea circle, and then with the fame yron
draw another right {trike through the midft thereof. Then take of Arfenicke the quantity
ofa Bean beaten into fine powder, and put it into the hole, thrufting it downe to the bot-
tom with a quil, and ftop the mouth of thehole witha littletowe, and bindit fo faft with a
cloth, and cord, as the Horfe may not come atit with his mouth, and fo let it reft for that
day. And the next day, if youfee thatthe fore looketh blacke within, then itis a figne that
the Arfenicke hath wrought well and done his part. ex er
| Thentoallay the burning thereof, taint the hole with flax dipt in hogs ereafe, andtur-
pentine, molten and mingled together, and couer the taint witha bolfter of tow dipt alfo
: intheointmentaforefaid, continuing fo to do euery day once, vntil you haue gotten out
the core. Then fhall you fee whether the loofe griftle in the bottom bevncouered ornot,
andif itbe vncouered, then feele with your finger, or witha quil, whether you benigh ic
. or
|
|
|
|
|
|
59
IO -: HTD |
E
39
40
oos SOfthe Horfe.
ornot. Andifyou be, them raife the griflle witha litle¢rookedinftrument; & pul it clean
-out with a paire of {mall nippers; meete for the pur pofe. That done, taint it againe witha
fullraint diptictheaforefaid oiritment, to affwage the anguith ofthelaft dreffing,and (top
it hard;to theintentthat chehole may notfhrinke togetheror clofe vp, and the next day
take out that taint, and taint it-ahew with the falue or ointmenttaughtin the chap. of the
fhakell gall,renewing it euery day once vntilitbe whole keeping alwaies the mouthofthe
fore as open as you may, tothe intént that it healenot vppe too faft,and let not the horfe
dn any wet, nor trauell, votill he be perfe&ly whole. |
s; Of the Quitter-bone.
Vitter-boneis around hard {welling vponthe cronetofthe hoofe,betwixtthe hoofe
and the quarter, and for the moft part, groweth onthe infide of the foot : the origy-
nall effect therof is the fretting of grauell vnderneath the fhooe, which bruifech the heele,
or elfe by meanes offome ftub, or the pricking, of fome naile, through the paine whereof
the griffell is loofened, breeding euill humors, which beindeede the ground of the Quit-
ter-bone: itis tobe known by the:horffes halting, and by the apparant fwelling to the eie
of thatpart,which in:3. or 4..daies wil! growvntoa head and. breake, euacuating great a-
boundance of filthy matter aca little hole,the care is thus. Take a hot yron, made in fafhi-
onofaknife, and with it burne out the flefb, in compaffe ofa Moone till you come to
feele the griffell, shen burne it outtoo «then take Vardigreafe; freth Butter, and Tar mols
tentogether, and dippe fine Tow therein, flop vp the hole,then lay thereona Sear-cloth
of Deere-fewet and wax;and folet him reft forthe firft day : thenext day, take of Melrofa-
rum, oyleofrofes; wax,and Turpentine ,ofeachlike quantity, infufe them al on the fire
together, and with the falue dreffe the fore morning and evening, tillitbe whole. But if
you find any proud flefhts grow,then forgetnot to lay thereon fomeredlead, or Vardi-
ereafé : and withall, haue an efpeciall regard, thatthe vpper part of the woiind, heale not
fafter then the bottom, for feare offiftulating. ee! |
14a €
| J ) of the Grauelling.
Po
Markham.
His isa fretting vnder the foot, moftcommonly in the infide,and fometime in the Blundevile -
outfide,and fometime in both fides together of the heele« It commeth by mearies
oflittle grauell ftones getting betwixt the hooue, or calking,or fpunge of the (hooe;:
which by continuall labor and treading of the Horfe, doth eat into the quicke, and the ra«
ther, ifhisheele be foftand weake, or that the fhooe doe > flatto his foot, fo as the gra-:
uell being once gotten in; cannot get out. The fignes be thefe. The horfe willhalt, and co-
uet to tread all vppon the toe, to fauour his hecle. The cureaccording to Martín is thus.
Firft pare the hooue, and get out the grauel with a cornet;or drawer, leaning none behind:
for if you doe, it will breede toa quitterbone. That done, (top him with Turpentine and
hogs-greafemolten together, and layd on witha Towe or flax,and then clap on the fhooe
to keepe in the flopping, renewing it euery day once vntillit bee whole. And fuffer the
horfe to come in no wet, vntillhe be throughly whole. Ifa grauelling be not well ftoptto
keepe downe the fle(h, ir will rife higher then the hooue; and not onely require more bu-
fineffe in bolftering it, but alfo put the horfe to more paine. 7
Of crauelling. |
(idle is a hurt will make a horfe to halt;and commeth of grauell and little ftones,
that goeth betweene the fhooe andthe hearte ofthe foote, the cure is: take offtbe
fhooe, and let him be well pared,then fet on the (hooe againe, and ftop it with Pitch, Ro-
go zen and Tallow, and this fhall help. |
Of surbating. | E
His is a beating ofthe Hoouc againft the ground, called of the Italians Sobatitura, it
. X commeth fomtime by means of cuill fhooing, lying too flat to his foote, orby going
Nn 3 long bare-
Markham.
rr
Ru. The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
batefoote, and fomeriine by che hardneffa of the grounde, iand high lifting ofthe Horfe. |
:Asdthofe Horffes that bee lat footed; the coffins: whereofare render and weake; ate |
qnoftcommonly fubie&tto this;forance,. Fhefignes bethefe: the'Ho rfewill halt on both |
his forelegs,and goe ftifely and creepingyas thoughhewerehalte foundered. Theicure,
according to Martitris thasztakeofthis {hooes, pare himas litdeas may.bee,and ifthe
íhooes be not éafie, that is to fay, long, large; and hollow inough, thien make them fo,
aid then racke them on agaive with foureorfiue Nailes: "That done, flop his-feete with - |
branne, and Hogs-greace boyled together;fo horas may-be,and alfo:couer all the coffia
round about with thefame, binding all in together with acloath, anda liftfaftened about to. |
the ioynt, renewing it euery day once; vnull itbee whole, and giue the Horffe during «|
that while warme water, and let him ftand dry and warme, and not be trauelled,vntil he be
LUN
1 KIC
: Whole. | 3f PO LOVE PILE OMUOTS uve
"Xa /0190f4 pritkein'the fole of the foote, by trending on wnalle,or ooo ET
(3133 vee cron up other fharpe thing thatdarbenter «i00 13353172 NSE
LEM eg : [s * : rt ‘ - 1] into the foote. - ai ri V ds 15 1 )
[^ He fignes bethefe, Ifa man be onhis backe when hetreadeth on any fuch thing, he
foie ft fhall feele chat che Horffe will lifzvphis foot, 4and:couet to ftand ftillto haucthélpe.
Buunaeviie |= Andifitchaunceat aày:other time,the halting of the Horfe, andthe hurt irfelfe
willfhew. The cure according to Martin isthus. Pull off the fhooe, and pare thefoote, 29
and with a drawer vncouer the hole, making the: mouth fo broade asa two penny peece,
thentackeon the (hoocagaine, That done, flop it, by powrmg into the hole Turpentine
and Hogs-greace molten together, and lay fonieflaxe jor Towe vpon it, and-ther htop |
allthe Horffesfoote with Horfe-dung, orrather with-Cow-dung, if you can getitj and |
— fplent it either with ftickes; orelfe with an old fhooefole,foastheftopping mayabideim, — |
renewing ic every day once vndll cbe wholejand letthe Horffecome inno wet. ifthis be
not well cured; or looked to in time it will caufe the hooueto breakeaboue, andto leofen
. | round about, and perhaps to fall cleane away. Buviftyou fee that ic begins to breakaboue, |
then makea greater yffue beneath by opening the hole wider,and taking moreofthefole — |
away ,that the flefh may haue the moreliberty. Thentake ofbole Armony halfea quar- 30. |
terne, Beane-flower, and two Egges. Beate them, and mingle them well together, and |
\ make aplaifter thereofvpon Towe, andtay it round about the: cronet,bind it fafton, and |
fo let it remaine the {pace of two daies, and then renew itagaine,not failing fo to do euery
two daies vatill you fce it waxe hard andfitme aboue.. For this plaifler being reftridtiue,
willforce thekumors ta refort all d owneward, which muftbe drawne out with Turpentin .
and Hogs greace as before; vntill ir leaue mattering, and then dry itwp with burnt Alum, |
beaten to powder, and ftrowed vpon ity witha little Flaxe laid againe vpon that, continu-
ing fotodoeivery day once, vntilit be hardened, andletnot the Horfe come inany wet,
vntil he be whole. [o oL miea Rt RIE . M
Of aceloyd ov pricke: ad 40
| , Cddydisa hurt chat commeth of (hooing; Br a Sixt driueth a Naile inthe
Markham. FN quicke, which will make him to halt; and the cureis, to takeoff the fhoo,and:to cut
"the hoofeaway;tolay the fore bare: then lay to it wax, Turpentine, and Deere-dewet |
which wil heale it. | ion | dai
of. the Fiege. ! | |
: "a anro E a Horfe hauing recciued any hurt; as before is faid by nail; bone, fplent, or ftone; or
Xotherwife in the fole of his foot, and not be well dreffed and perfe@ly cured, there will
growin that placea certaine fuperfluous piece of eth, like a Figge:and it will haue little 5o
Sten
< ES * ATE ee ee TUS e : . .
is S UO OR LEE SL e c EE ^ uec H EC T ELITS te 3x Tc t
ER. CR ES & MASA bah e CE qq ip SS. cars X 1 9 nl 15 Ee M x di 3 :
we: X m Er = aT capnt Safe ito UEM ERN D UN s UH JF 1 v a Soe *
- e 5 CU eee es Ed 5 a
qme aii e apne a ne ge T S rens = —'s = n cT "rum = - = tz
mer. en Se RE = a MEE: un i= aA. AK = zs $a er bear m M E x
3 iy grains in itlikea fig,and therefore is rightly called of the Italians 7m fico,thatis.to fay a fig.
yi The cure whereof according to Martin is thus. Cutte itcleane away witha hotiron,and —— |
| keepe the flefh downe with Turpentine, hogs greace, anda little wax laid on with Towe or |
? flaxand ftop thehole hard,that the fleth rife not,renewing itonceaday,vnulitbewhole. — |
3 3 5 |
B m
Y |
Au |
= Ne j |
|
b
er
10
j
| 20
3o
$o
- Of the Horffe.
Of a Retreat.
»rxsa His is the pricking ofa naile, not wel driven in the fhooing, and therefore
Er
yee A The caufe ofthe pricking may bepartly,the rafh driuing of the Smith,and
$e partly theweakenes ofthenaile,orthe hollownes ofthe naile inthe fhank.
ARS AS For i£itbetoo weake;tlie pointmany times bendethawry into the -quicke
ry
hen it fliould go right forch:Tt (latterhand thivereth in the driuing into two parts,wher-
of one pattraceth the twickin. pulling out, or elfe perhaps breaketh cleaneafliinder,and
foremainerh ftil behiadsand this kinde of pricking is worfe than the cloyeng becaufeit
wilrancldeworfe by reafon ofthe flawofyron remaining in theflefh. "Thefignes bee -
thefe.Ifthe Smith thandriveth fuchanaile be fo lewd, as he wil not looke vito it before
the horfe depart, then there 1s no way to knowit, but by the halting of the horfe, and fer-
ching the hooue firft with a hammer by knocking vpon euery clinging. For when you
knock vpon that naile, where the greefe is. The horfe wil fhrinke vp his foote. And ifthat
wil notferu, then pinch oxgripe the hooue witha paire of pinfons round about vntil you
hauefound«he place greeued.. "Ihecureaccording, to Martin is: thus. Firftpuloffthe
fhooejandthen opentlie placegieeued witha butter or drawer,, fo as you may perceiue |
by fecling ot feeing, whethertherebeany peece of naile or not, ifthere be, to pul it our,
andtoftop:the hole with Turpentine, VVaxe,and Sheepes fewet moulten together, and
fo poured hotinto theholeyand thealay a little T owe vppon itjand clap on the, fhooea-
gaine, renewing itthuseuery day,vatil it bewhole, during which time, Jet not.the horfé
come in any wet; and it muft be fo (topped though it be but prickt without any.peece of
naile remaining. And if for lackof loking to it intime;this retreat caufe.the houeto break
aboue;thencure it with the plaifter refteiGtine in {uch order as is mentioned inthe lafte
placefauing one before this; ac) 90 | ae A ei
* Loying is the pricking ofa whole naile called ofthe Italians Zmebiedatur, paflinge
. through thequicke, and remaining ftilin thefame, andis clenchedas other nailes
be, and fo caufeth the horfe to halt. The greeued placeis knowne,by fearching with
the bammerand pinfons, as is before faid : Ifthe horfe halt immediately, then pul off his
(hooe; and openthe hole, vntil it beginto bleed, aud ftop it with the ointment aforefaid 4
in the fame page ofthe Retreat,andclap on the (hooe againe, and the hooue may befo
good, and the harmefolitcle,as you may trance] him immediately vppon it : butifit bee
ranckled, then renew.the ftopping euery day once, let him come inno wet, vntilit bec
whole. | zit
Of loofening the hooue.
ume) His isa parting of the hooue fromthe cronet, called of the Italians, Dé/-
ENDLESS | folatura del vaghia,whichifit be round about, itcommethby meanes of
$4 | foundering, if in part, then by the anguifh caufed by the pricking ofthe
ANG canel naile,piercing the fole of the foot, or by fome quitterbone, Retreat;
5.9) CIES er: : : d k 3 y
pa S5] Grauelling, or Cloying, or fuch like thing : The fignes be thefe. Whenit
is loofened by foundering, then it will breake firftin the fore-part ofthe Cronet, right a-
againft the toes, becaufe the humor doth couetalwaies to defcend towards the toe. A-
gaitie when the pricking ofa canel naile or fuch like cankered thing is the caufe, then the
hooue willoofen round about, equally euenat the firft. But when it proceedeth ofany of
the other hurts laft mentioned «then the hooue wil'breake right abouethe place that is
offended,and moft commonly wil proceed no further. The cure, according to Martin,
is thus.Firft, of which foeuer of thefe caufes it proceeds, befure to open the hoofe inthe
fole of the foot, fos the humor may haue free paffage downeward, aud then reftraine it
aboue with theplaifter reftri&iue before mentioned, and in fuch order as is there writ-
à n teu
rs
m pulled out againe bythe Smith, and is calledof theItalians, 774774 meffa. |
45
4.16 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
ten, andalfoheale vp the wound, as is before taught inthe chap. ofa pricke in the fole of
the foot. NE |
Of cafting the hooue.
TH is is when the coffin falleth clean away from the foor, which comiiethi by füch cau.
fes as were laftrehearfed, andis fo aparantto the eie, asitneedeth no fignes to know
it. The cure, according to Martin is thus. Take of Turpentineyone pound; of Tarre halfe
a pinte, of vawrought Wax halfea pinte. Boilesll thef¢thingestogether,and ftirte them
continually vntil they be throughly mingled, and: compact together. Then make a boore
of leather with.a good ftrong fole meete for the horfes feet,cobelaced or buckled about 15 |
die pafterne, and dreffe his foot wich thefalue aforefaid laid vpon flaxe or Towsiand:bol- ^* |
Ber ocftuffe his foowiith foft laxe; foas the boot niay greeuchim no mannet/ofwaye; — |
Li
renewing it euery day once vntillitbe whole;andthen put him tograffe, 2 5:711.
Of tbebooue bound.) oos dons ooti sd: s^ iiy
fu"rÉS n3 2 , ree rtr
PLFA o? ua
Sea} Hisisa thrinking of all the whole hooue.Tt commeth by drought; for the
Le | hoous perhaps are kept to dry, whenthe horfe ftarideth inthe ftable, arid
fométiine by meanes of heate, or ofouerftraiglit (liooing; The Italians
callthe horfe thus greened Incaftellado. Thefigies bethefe; Thehorfe 29.
A wil haule; and thehooues will behotte, and ifyou -knocke on'them'witha
hammer, they wil found hollow like an empty bottle, and if both the feet be dor hooue-
bound, thé fore foot willbe lefler than the other indeed, and-appeare fo to the eie. The
cure according to Martinis thus, Pull off che fhooes, and fhooe him with halfe moone-
fhooes called Lwnette, the orderand {hape wherof you fhall find among the Ferrets,and
rafeboththe qiiarter's of the hooue witha drawer, ftom the ‘coronet vnto thefole of the
foot, fo deese as you hall fee the dew it felfe come forth. And'if you maketwo rafés on
each fide, it thall be fo muchthe better, and inlarge the hoouethe more. That done,an-
noint all the hooue about, next vnto thecoronet round about, with the ointment pref-
cribed before in the chapter of cafting the hooue continuing fo to do euery day once yn 5o;
tilhebegintoamend for the {pace ofa moneth, andifhe goeth notwellatthemonths — |
ende, then take off the halfe fhooes and pare allthe foles, and früfhes; and allfo thinne
as you tay fee the deaw come forth, and tacke ona whole hoo, and ftop al the foot with:
in with hogs ereaceand bran boiled together, and laide ho to the foot, renewing it dai-
ly once the {pace of nine daies, toche intent the foleniay rife. Butifthis will dono good
then take away the folecleaneand clap ona whole thoe,and ftop the foot with nettles and
falt brayed together, renewing it once a day but not ouer hard,to the intent the fole may
haue libertyto rife, aad being growne againe, let himbe (hod with thelunets,andfentto
grafle, :
Blasdevile 5
49
Of the running Frufb. |
35.3; He Fruthis the tendereft part ofthe hooue towardes the beele, cal-
62 Jed of the Italians Fettone,and becaufe itis fa(hioned like aforked
3% head, the French men cal it Furchette, which word our Ferrers, ei-
N87 ther for not knowing rightly how to pronounce it, or elfe perhaps
(x for eafinefic fake of pronuntiation,do make ita monafillable;& pro
» $2.9 nounce icthe Frufn,in which Frufhbreedeth many timesa roten-
Ae? Ege. neffeor corruption proceeding of humours that commeth out of ., |
A^ thelegge, whereby thelegge is kept cleane from the windgals and ^ |
all cther humours and fwellings by meanes that the humors haue paflage that way. Not-
with{tanding the difcommodity of the foranceis greater than the commodity, becaufeit
maketh the horfes feet (o weak and tender,as he is notable to tred vpon any hard ground
The fignes bethefe,
The
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Of the Hi ore. 417
Thehorfe wil hauk, and fpecially when the paffage ofthe humour is ftopt with anye
£rauel gathered in the Frufh, and not being ftopt it wil continually runne, the fauour
|. whereofwilbeefo ftrong asa manisnotableto abide it, and infome places it wil looke
raw. The cureaccording to Martinis thus. Firfttake offthe (hooeand pare away allthe
corrupt places and make them raw, fo as you may fee thewater yffue out ofthe raw pla-
ces, then tack on the fhooe againe, being firft made wide and large inough. That done,
take of foote one handfull, of falte as much, brufe them welltogither in a dith, and putte
^. thereuntothe white of three Egges, and temper them togither, and with alittle Towe
| dipt therein, ftop all the footeand efpecially the Frufh, and fplent is fo as it may not fall
| Io out, renewing itonce a day the fpace of feuen daies,and then he will bee whole. During
: which timelet the horfereft, and come in no wet, at the feauen daies end leaue {topping
| him, and ride himabroad, andalwaies when he commeth in, lethis fore footebe cleane.
: wafhed, that no grauellremaine therein, without doing any more vntohim.
t
Of tbe Frujb. | | .
| He Fruth isthe tendreftpart of the fole of the foot,which by humors diftilling ma-
| ny times downe fromthe legges, occafion inflamations inthat part, which may ea- Markl
| fily be perceiued by the impoftumation of the fame: thecureis, firft hauing taken ela
| so off the fhooe, pareaway allthe corrupted and naughty matter, vntilthefore looke rawe,
then naile on a hollow fhooe made for the fame purpofe, and take of foote a handeful, of
theiuyce of Houfe-licke and of Creame with the white ofan Egge or two, as muchas
wil thicken the fame : with this ftop vp the fore, and fplint it, fo asit may not fal out, re-
newing it vntilitbewhole : but during the cure, haue regard that the fore foot touch not
| any wet, for that is very much hurtfull.
| Of difeafes av griefes indifferently incident to any part of the body,
but firft of the Leprofie or vninerfallman- —.
ginelfe, called of the old writers
Nee: -- Elephantia.
His isa cankered mangineffe, fpreading ouerall the body, which commeth of a-
bundance of melancholy, corrupt and filthy blood. The fignes bethefe, The horfe
will be al maungy and fcuruy, ful offcabs, and rawe plots aboutthe necke, ande-
uil fauouredto lookeon, and alwayes rubbing and fcratching. - The curesaccording to
Martin is thus.Lethim blood the firft day in the one fide of the necke, and within 2. daies
| afterthat, inthe flanke vaines, and latt of all, inthe vainevnder thetaile.Thenwa(hallthe — |
| — fore places with falt brine, and rubbing them hard with a wifpe of {trawe hard twifted, fo.
as they may bleed well, and be allraw. That doue, annoint the place with this. ointment ::
| — takeof Quicke-filuer one ounce, of Hogges-greace one pound, of Brimftone beaten into:
| | powder a quarterne, of Rape oylea pinte. Mingle thefe thinges well together, vatill the)
| ^? Quicke-filuer be throughly incorporated with the reft,and having annointed all the raw:
places with this ointment, make it to finke into the flefh, by holding and weauing vp and!
downe ouer it, a hot broad barre of yron, and then touch him no more againe, the fpace
of two or three daies, during which time, if you fee that he rubbeth ftillin any place,then!
rub that place againe with an old horfe-combe,to make itraw, and annoint it with frefh’
ointment.But ifall this will not helpe, then with a hot yron and bluntatthe point, fo big:
| asamanslittlefinger,burneall the mangy places, making round holes, paffing only tho-:
rough the skin,and no further. For which intent ít (hall be needefull to pull the skinne.
| — firft from the fleth, with yourleft hand, holding it ftill vntil you haue thruftthe hot yron
| thorough it, and let euery holebeea {panne off one fromanother, and if neede be, you
may annoint thofe holes witha little fope, andlet the horfe bethinne dieted, during his
2? curing time. | | |
Of the Farcin, called in Italian of [ome Il verme and of [ome Farcins.
| Ur isa kind of creeping vlcer growing in knots, following along fome veine, and it
4 prececdethof corrupt blood ingendred in the body;orelfc offome outward hurt,as
418
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
of fpurgalling, or the biting of fome other horfe, or of biting of ticks, or of hogslice, or
fach like caufualties : Or itit be inthe legges, it may come by interferring « Itis eafilye
knowne, partly by the former defcription, and alfo it is apparant tothe cie . The cure, ac-
cording to Martinisithus-Let him bloud in that vaine where it commeth, as nigh the fore
placeas may be, andlet himbleed well, then fire euery knot one by: one, taking the knot
in yourleft hand, and pulling itfo hard as you can from his body to the intent you maye
the better pierce the knot, with ablunt hot yron, ofthe bigneffe ofa mans fore-finger,
wichout doing thebody any hurt, & Jet out the mater,leauing none ynburnd,be it little or
much. Thatdone, annoint euery knotfoburned with Hogges-greace warmed euery day
once, vntill the coares be ready to fall away, and in the meane time prepare a good quan-
uty of old Vrine,andwhien you fee the coares ready to fal, boile the vrine, and putthere-
in alitcle Coporasand falt,and a few flrong nettles, and with that water being warm,waíh
out all the coares andthe corruption. | ^ Eau; |
That done, fill euery hole immediately with the powder offle&lime, continuing thus
to do euery day once, vntill the holes be clofed vp, andif any be more ranker than other,
fill thofe with Verdigreafe,and during this cure, let thehorfe be thinly dieted, that is to
fay with (traw and water onely , vnlefi¢ it be nowe and'then to giu him a loafe of breade.
. For thelower hebe kept, the fooner he will be whole.Andin any wife let his necke be yo-
~ ked in arvolde bottomeleffe paile, or elfe with fhort ftauesto keepe lim from licking the
Markham.
fores,and the leffereft he hath the better.Or do thus. Take a good great Dock-root clean
{craped, and cutte thereof fiue little rundels or cakesto be vied as followeth. Firftwitha
knife make a flit right down in the horfes forhed three inches longe, then with a Cornet
loofenthe skinne within the fleth, foas you may eafily put therein fiue rundels of Docke,
that is to fay, two on each fide of the flitone aboue another, and pat the fift rundlein the
very midftbetwixcthe other foure: that done, faftento each of the flits two fhort fhog-
makers ends, to ferue as lacestotie in the forefaide rundles, foasthey may not fall out,
and clenfe the fore euery day once, forthe vertue ofthe root is fuch, as ic will drawal the
filthy matter from any part of the body yea, though the Farcin be in the hinder Legges,
which matter isto be wiped away from time totime, and new rootes to be thruft into the
theflit according as you fee it neede full.
— Of the Farcion.
"q^ He Fareionis a vilde difeafe; ingendred of ill bloud, flegmaticke matter, and vn-
kindly feeding, itappearéth in a horfe like vato littleknottes in the fle(h, asbiggeas
^. aHafellNutte, theknottes will encreafe daily and inflame, impoftume, and breake
and whentheknotsamountto threefcore, they wileuery night after breedfo many more
till they haue-ouer-rünne the horfes bodye, and with the poifon, whichis mighty and
alfo ftrong, foone bring him to his death: This difeafe is very infe&ious and dangerous
forfome horfes,yet if it betaken in any time it is eafie to beholpen : the cure thereof is in
this manner. Take a fharpe Bodkin and thruft it through the neather part of his nofe, that
he may bleede :or if you willtolet him bloude in the necke-vaine fhall nor beamiffe :then
feele the knots; and asmany asare foft lannce themand let them runne, then take ftrong
Eye, Lime, and Allum, and with the fame bath all his fores and it fhall in fhort {pace cure
him. Thereisalfo another manner of curing this difeafe,and that isthus : Take afharpe
Jaunce-knife, and in the top ofthe horfes forehead, iuft betweene his cies,make a long flit
euen to the fcull: then with a blunt inftrument for the purpofe lofe the fleth from the fcalp
apretty compaffe : then take Carret-rootes cut into little thinne round pieces ,and putte
them betweenethe skinneand thefcull; as many as you can;then clofevp the wound, and
oncea daieannointit with frefh Butter: Thisis a moft fure and approued way to cure the
Farcion,forlookehow this wound thus made, fhall rot, wafte, and grow found, fo (hall
the Farcion breake, drie vp, and be healed, becaufe all the poifon that feedeth the difeafe
fall be altogether drawne into the fore-head, where it {hall dieand wafteaway.The onely
fault ofthis cureis, it will be fomwhat longjand it is a fouleeie-fore vntil it be whole.Some
vícto burne this forance, butthat is naughtand dangerous, as who fo proues it (hal find.
- E el : " A
to |
20
39
49
59
NE."
y
Of the Horfe. 419
A moft approued medicine to cure the F arcion. Y
Ake of 4qua-vit two fpoonfuls of the iuyce of hearbe of grace as much, mingle Markham.
| them together, then take of plegants or Bals of Flax or Toe and fteepethem there-
| in,and ftop them hard into the Horfes eares, then take a needle and athread, and
| | ftitch the tips of his two eares together, by meanes whereofhe cannot fhake outthe me.
dicine, and vfehim thus but three feuerall mornings;and it will killany Farcion whatfo-
cuet, fer it hath bin often approued. |
10 Another medicine of the fame.
| Lit every hard kernell with a fharpcknife, and fillthehole with anointment made of
old Lard, Sope,and gray Salt, for that will eat out the coare, and caufe it to rot, and
fo fall out ofthe one accord.
Of the Canker, called of the Italian Hl Camera, — "A
| Canker is a filthy creeping vicer, fretting and gnawing the fle(h in gret
breadth.In the beginning it is knotty, muchlikea Farcine, and fprea- Blundevile
deth it felfe into diuers places, and being exulcerated, gathereth togi-
ther inlengthinto a wound orfore. This proceedeth of a melancholy
and filthy blood ingendered in the body, which 1fitbe mixt with Salt
humors, it canfeth the more painefull and greeuous exulceration,and
fometimeit commeth of fome filthy wound that is not cleanly kept, the corrupt matter
whereof cankereth other clean parts ofthe body. Itis eafie to be knowne by the defcrip-
tion before. The cure whereof, according to Martin is thus. Frit let him blood in thofe
vaines that be next the fore, and take inough of him. Then take of Alum halfea pound
| of greené Coporas and of white Coporas ofeach one quarterne, anda good handfull of
| Sale: boileall chefe things togither in faire running water, from a pottle toa quart.. And
3o this water being warme, wafh the fore with a cloath, and thea fprinkle thereon the pow-
der of vnfleckedlime,continuing foto do euery day once the fpace of fifteen daies: andif
you fee that the lime do not mortifie the ranke flefh and keepe it from fpreading any fur-
ther then take of blacke Sope halfe a pounde, of Quicke-filuer halfean ounce, and beate
them together ina pot, vntill the Quicke-filuer be fo well mingled with the Sope, as you
can perceiue none ofthe Quicke-filuer in it. And with an yronflice, alter that you haue
wathed the fore with the ftronge water aforefaide, couer the wound with this ointment,
continuing thus to do euery day once, vntill the Canker leaue {preading ‘abroad. And if
|. itleaue fpreading,andthat you fee the ranke fle(h is mortified, and that the edges begin
|" togatheraskin,thenafter che wafhing, dreffe it with the limes before, continuiug foto
vixilit be whole.Aud in the dreffiag, fuffer no filth that Commeth out of the (ore, to re-
maine vpponany whole place about, but wipe it cleane away,’ or elfe wath itaway with
warme water. And let the horfe during this cure, be as thinly dicted as may be, and tho-
roughly exercifed. | fetes
|
|
|
bi
Ofthe Fiftula called of the Italians Fiftula. | | DUET à
|— X “Biftula isa deepehollowe crooking vicer, and for the moft part fpringes of maligne . ui
| gp \humors, ingendered in forme wound, fore, or canker,not throughly healed .It is ea- il
"fie to know by the defcription before. The cure according to Martin is thus. Firfte, all dul
fcarchthe depth ofit with aquill, orwith fome other inftrument of lead, that may be bo- ae
3° wed eiiery way, meet for the purpofe.For viléffe you find the bottome ofit, it wil be very B so
hard to cure: And hauing found the bottome, ifitbein fucha place as you may boldely \ LIN
ctitand make the way open witha launcet or rafor, then nike a (lit right againft the bot- e EST.
tome; fo as you may thrufteia your finger, to fecle whether there be any bone or griftle oe ^
perifhed, or fpungy orloofe efhwhich muftbe gotten out and then taint ic with a ay ie | T
d 23 re) } !
|
=
SSS a ee
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
of flaxe dipt in this ointment. Take ofhony a quarterne, and of Verdigreafe one ounce
beaten into powder. Boile them together, vatill itlooke redde, ftirring it continually,
leaftitrunneouer, and being luke warme, dreffe the taint wherewith, and bolfter the taint
“with a bolfter of flax.And if itbe in fücha place, as the raint cannot conueniently bekept
in-with a band, then faften on each fide of the hole, two ends of Shoomakers thread right
ouer the bolfter tokeepe in thetaint, which ends may hang there as two laces, totye and
vntieat your pleafure, renewing the taint euery day once vntill the foreleaue mattering.
Andthen make thetainteuery day leffer and leffer, varillitbe whole. And clofeit vpin
the end, by fprinckling thereona little fle@ lime. But ifthe FiQula bein füch a placeasa
man canneither cut right againft che bottome, or nigh the fame : then thereis no reme-
dy, butto poure infome (trong water, through fome quill, or fuch like thing fo asit may
goetothe very bottome, and dry vp allthe filthy matter, dreffing him fo twice a day, vn-
till the horfe be whole.
1 nd Of an Aubury.
T85 isa great fpungy Wart full of blood, called of the Italians, Mere, or Selfo, which
may grow inany place of the body,andit hatha root like a Cocks ftone.The cure,ac-
cording to Martin is thus. Tie itwitha thred, fo hardas you can pull it, the thred willeate
by little and lictle in {uch fort, as within feauen or eight duies, it will fall away by irfelfe.
And ifit be fo flatas you can binde nothing about it, then take it away with a fharpe hotte
yron, cutting it round about, and fo deepe as you may leaue none of theroot behind,and
dry it with Verdigreace.Rus/tus faith, that if it grow in aplace full of finnewes, fo as it can-
not be conueniently cutaway with a hot yron, then it is good to eat out the core with the
powder of Refalgar, and then to ftop the hole with flax dipt in the white of an Eggefora
day or two, and laftly,to dric it vp with the powder of vnfle& lime and hony, as before is
taught. |
Of Wounds,
-called wouads, when fome whole partis cut orbroken. Fora wound accor-
Ww ding to the Phifitians, is defined to be afolution diuifion, or parting, ofthe
whole ; For if therebe no folution or parting, then methinkesit ought rather tobe cal-
Ted a brufe then a wound. And therfore wounds are moft commonly made with fharpe or
piercing weapons, and brufes with blunt weapons.Notwith ftanding, if by {uch blunt wea-
pons, anie part of the whole be euidently broken,then it ought to be called awoundas wel
as the other: Of wounds fome be (hallow, and fomebe deepe and hollow: Againe,fome
chance in the flefhy partes, and fome inthe bonye and finnewie places: And thofethat
chauince in the flefhy parts, though they be verie deepe, yetthey benorfo dangerousas
the other, and therefore we will {peak firftof the moft dangerous : Ifa horfz hauea wound
newly made, either in his heade, or in any other place that is full of fianéwes, bones, or
griftles: firft Martin would haue you to wath the wounde wellwith white wine warmed :
That done to fearch the bortome of the wound with fome inftrument meete for the put-
pofe, fuffering it to take as little winde in the meane while as may be Gani.
Then hauing found the depth, ftop the hole clofe with a clout, vntill your falue berea-
die : Then take of Turpentine of Mel Rofatum; of Oile of Rofes, of cach a quarterne, anda
little vnwrought Waxe, and melt them together, and if it be a cut, makea handfome rol
of cleane picked Towe, fo long and fo biggeas may fillthebottome of the wound,which
for the moft partis not fo wide as the mouth of the wound : then make another role grea.
ter than that to fill vp the reft ofthe wounde, evento the harde mouth , and letboth thefe
rolles be annointed with the ointment aforefaid Luke-warm.But ifthe hurt be likea hole
made with fome pricke, then make a ftiffe taint, fuchaoneas may reachthe bottome; an-
nointed with the aforefaid ointment,and bolfter thefame with alittle Towe: And. if che
mouth be not wide inough, fo as the matter may eafily runne forth, if it bein fuch place
you may do it without hurting anie finnew, then giueit apretie flit from the mouth down
ward, that the matter may haue the freer paffage, and inanie wife hauea fpeciall regarde,
that
V Oundscommetli by meanes of fome ftripe or pricke, and they are properly
10
20
39 1
49
58
20
G OftbeHogffe: , so
that the taint may be continually keptin by one meanesor other, as by binding or ftaying
the feme with the ends of (hoomakers thread as.1saforelaid,..And if the hole be deep, & in
fuch placeas you may not cut it, then make your taint ofa fpunge, and fo long as it may
EE
reach tothe bottom, and the taint being madé fomewbatfulljwith contienall turning aid ©) ..
wryingofit;you (hall eafily get it downe,and then dreffe the woundwiththis twicea day, -
clenfing the woundeuery rime witha little whice wine lukewarniEor this {piingesanoins
ted with the ointment aforefaid, willboth draw and fuck vp allshefilchy mattér, and make
it fo faire within as is poffible : and asit begitneth to heale, fo make your taint euery da
> leffez and leffer, vncill itbereadyto clofevp; and neuerleaue tuning it, fo long as it will
ro receiue a taint, be it neuer fo fhort. For hafty healing of woundes breedeth Fiftulas, which
properly beold wotinds, atid therefore muüftbé/éured ike Fiftulas, : nu HJ
yas de loquuitoda101 31526 niftsiteedaiwmo i :29stu:
eni visraost s riter Bauow s Of wounds in Hleflefby parts. 5i |
3414/4
, a"
: ! "nelr 4 |
u
VÀ "T
emi fameointtnent and maner ofproceeding as before; Andif thewonad be large:
»* thento keep mithetaint ortclesyyou thalbe-ain to purtwocor 3-fhoomakers ends om
each fide of the foresleauing thenpdolong as you may tye them togethiers:and loofen;
them when you wilthke Tacesz- 1510700106 Soeoniv 10 itp boc Gain |
| Of old Vlcerser auuds. io s.
AP WEE M
ID f Sq
eo j 14326022231 1 11 3 1911352110 2221C § 10, 12012 E GEL2
Orcure an old-Vicer, as Fiftula, Gall, or Botch orany newreceiued wound; diefe are:
«the beft faluesand moft approued in mine expérience: take of hony-halfe'a piste, of
Deerefewet two ounces, of Vardigreafe beateminto powdetsas much; boyleakthefe'ex::
ceeding welvpon the fire, then withthe fame lukewarme;'taintor plarfterany venemous
fore; and it wil recure it. If you take of wax, Turpedtine, oyle of Rofes; of hegs<preafe, of
each like quantity, and haltefo müch:Tar as anyidne ofthe other fimples; meltalitheferox
gether, and being well incorporated together; citlier taintor pláifter/any: woand, andit
will healeit. Alfo, if you take the greene leaues-of Tobacco bruifed, and putthem into
greene: wound, they will heale it , the athes of Tobacco burnt; if they be trewedyponas
go nye fore thatisneere skinning, it willalfo skin it perfe&ly, and it will incarnate well ifthe
vicer be not too deepe and dangerous. Therebeemany other faliies, plaifters, and vn-
guents which I could fet downe , but fice I haue experienced thefe for moft efe&uallI
omit the othersasfüpertluous. © :- HL DOA SFX ite cD aw Dai aL A
T. Pond cac Of amburtwirlasasraw, (|iooscoi oco si coo T?
1
a] H "
[4 ?] rt
| de : 212218 egor n? MONO | DOL, wer lsod
F the horfe be hurt with an arrow, taiat the hole with hogs greafe and Turpentine mol-
ten together, renewing it euery day once vntil it bewhole.
Of pulling out [biners or thornes.
40 Mat faith, that ifitb ee not very.deepe, fopebeing laid vnto ít al night will make is
to appear,foias you may pul it out witha paire ofnippersiBut if iv be very deep then
you muft open the place with a knife or lancet, and get itout;}and,afterward'heale yp the
wound as hath beene taughtyou before. RvSiusfaith,tharthe rootesofreed being ftampt
and mingled with hony, will draw out any thorne,or{hiuer: and fowill {nailés,as he faith;
being ftampt and wrought with freth butter, arid if theplace befwollen, he faith it.is good
to mollifie it with Hogs-greafe and hony , which wil affwage any new {welling, that com-
meth by firipe or otherwife, | 088 seo
Of bruifines or [seellines,: dodi hain cededshos T
( ? . Ty 1 i: 1
> - ) DOM A OfTOJ - i Ji JOH id ^d158 DES! « e ) I2D
go N Artin faith. Firftprickitwith a eame. Then take of winelees a pint, as much wheat-
flower as willthickenit;andanohnceof cumin. Boilethei together, and laythis
fomewhat watme vato it renewing it euecy day once vntill thefwelling either departe or
elfecometoa head. And if ir do, then lanceit;and heale itvpas'awound." "xe cd
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Tet ore our
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
ren bf Bynbsres ek priekhy or braifedzts o abr is 3d; i iv Oi shi
£325 peg
:
igm nover sglerioa
Blundevile 5 ; ‘Ake of Tar and Beari-flower, and a little oile af Bab fei: ani lay inis vnto the places:
And ifthis dono good; then take Wormes and fallet-oile fryeditogether, orelíe;the:
ointmentof worms, which you fhalkhaueatthe Apothecaries; and oheiof thefe willknit:
ir againe, ifitbe not cleane afünder. EMR vies d PEUT diu
V 3361511 olen of 5insf orton? Lon jq een miris) gite obit
i gnolo} oi: Haw tocure n wound made with harquebuff for. v ci Bot bnksilis gg
* 7T Artin faith. Firft feeke widran inftrument whether the pellet cemain within or.not,
and if it do, you muft get it out with an inftrumentmeete for the purpofe. Then to
kill che fire. Takea little vernithj and thruft ic into;the wound witha feather, an-
nointing it well within with the feather, and afterthat, ftop the mouth faire and foftly with
alittle foftAaxyto kecpe thee wind our, andontheoutfide; charge all the {welling wicltthis
charge stake ofbole Armony a: quartetne; of Linefeede beaten into fine powderhalféa
pound, ofbeaneflowerasmuch, and three or 4. broken egges, fhelsand all; and of Tur-
pentinea quarterne, and a quart of vineger,and mingle them well rogether ouerthe fire,
and being fomewhat warme, chargeall the:foreplace with part thereof, and immediatly
clapa cloth, or a piece of leather vpon it, to keepethe wound fromthe cold aire,continu- ,,
ing bothtéannoiac rhe holewithin with verüifh, and alfo to charge thefwelling without,
the {pace offüure or fiuedaies;and at the-fue daies end, leaue annointing of it,and taint
igwith.a'taint'reaching to the bottom of the wound, and dipped in Turpentine and hogs-
greafe molten togerbersrenewing it every:day twice vixill itbee throughly killed, which
youthall percetueby the mattering ofthe wound, and by falling of the fwelling : for fo
long asthe firehathithe vpper hand, nothicke marterwill yfiue out,but.onely a thin yello-
with water, neither will the fwelling affwage. And then take of Turpentine wafhed in nine
feuerall watersyhalfea poundsand put thereon threeyolkes of egges, and alittle Saffron;
andtaintitwith that ointment) rénewing it cuery day once vntill the wound be whole.
"
5r Sinn qt ii
sy hos aroftinie cof Burning with Limeyer any other fiery thing. <0:
M Artin faith. Firft wath away the Lime, if there bee any, with warme water, Then kill
the fire with oyle and Water:beaten together, drerfing him fo euery daye vntill it
39
beall raw,and then annoint it with hogs greafe,and ftrew thereupon the powder of flec- — -
ked limé;dreffitig him fo:euery day once vntillit be whole. «
Ofthe bising of a mad Dog.
Fa Horfebe bitten with a mad dog,the venom of his teeth will not onely paine him ex-
treamely,/buralfo infe@ all hisblood, and make hin to dye mad. The cureaccording
totheold writersisthus Take of Goàts dung, of fle(h that hath laide long in fale, and of
che herbexebulus; calledof fome Danewort, of each halfe a pound, and xl. walnuts. Stamp
allthefe things togerker,andlay thereof vnto the fore, and this will fucke out the venom,
and healethe wound. Ttts good alfo to giue the Horfe Treacle, and Wine to drinke : yea,
andío ine $ould have the fofeplacéto be fiered with a hotiron:
13 eS Niwot vos:
hab t
40
of bidet by tuskes of 4 cam
E a horfe be hurt with the tuske ofa Béare, lay Ztriel; and Coporas thereunto, and the
powder ofa dogs head being butned,butlet the tong be firft pulled outand caft away.
comu paneer nci dide Tonmovistnon T3969 rina)
ny
-
: Ta bale the biting or flinging of Serpents. !
Lace Rufus faith. Take agood quantity ofthe herb called samicula, ftamp it,and
LJ diftemper it with the milke ofa Cowe, thatis all of one colour, and giue him that to
drinke, and that will heale him. OF
v
59
ams >
b
"
Of the Horfe. —— | | yo
Another medicine for the [ame purpo[e.
M? aplaifter ofOnions, hony and falt,ftamptand mingled together, and lay that
to the fore place, and giuethe horfe wine,and treacle to drink. Abfirtus would haue
youtogiue him white PepperjRue, and Time, to drinke with wine, .
of drinking of horfeleaches.
D E a Horfe chanceto drinke horfeleaches, they will continually fucke his. bloud,and kill
him. The remedy, according to Abfirtus,is to poureoyle into the Horfes mouth which
willmakethem to fallaway and kill them...
Of fwallewina downe hens dung...
I: a horfe {wallow downe hens dung in his hay, it will fret his guts, and make himto void
filthy matter atthe fundament, For remedy whereof, Ab/irtws would haue you to giue
him drinke made of {mallage feede, wine, and hony, and to walke him throughly vpon it,
that he may empty his belly. — . |
10
Of Lice, and how to kill them
382) belike Geefe Lice, butfomewhatbigger,they will breede moft about the eares,
necke, and taile; and ouer athe body. They come of pouerty, and the horfewill bee Blusdevile
alwaies rubbing, andfcratchirig and will eate his meate,and not profper withall, and with
rubbing he will breake all his mane, and taile. The cureaccordingto Martin is thus, An-
noint the placewith fope and quickfiluer, well mingled together, and to a pound of fope,
E
L JIG
put halfean ounce of quickfiluer. D: :
a gone Of Lonfinelfe
Here be Horflesthat willbe Loufie, and it commeth of pouerty, cold, andilkeeping, Markham.
and it is oftneft amongft young horfes,and moft men take little heed vnto it, and yet :
they will dye thereon, the cure is,to wa(hthem three morningstogether in Stau-akerand
warine water. : |
s Howto fawe horffes fum the flinging of flies in
SUMMETr.
A eo the Horffes coat with oyle, and Bay berries,mingled together, ortietothe —
49 L Xhead(tall ofhis collar, a fponge diptin {trong vineger,or {prinkle the ftable with wa-
ter, wherein hearb Grace hath bin laid in fteepe, or perfume the ftable with Iuie, or with
Calomint, or with Gith burned ina pan of coles. inst tT
Of bones being broken out of ioynt.
Er or none of our Ferrers dointermeddle with any fuch griefes,but dorefer it ouer
to the bone fetter, whofe pra&tifed hand, I muft needes confeffe,to be needful in fuch
bufineffe. Notwithftanding, for that it belongeth to the Ferrers art,and alfo for that the
Cld writers do make fome mention therof, I thought good nor to paffe it ouer altogither
5? with filence. Albeit, they fpeake odlye offra&uresin the legs beneath the knee. For they
make little mention or none of bones aboue the knee, taking them to be incurable,vnleffe
it be arib, or fuch like. Ifa bone then be broken ig the leg, itis eafie to perceiue, by fee-
ling theroughneffe and inequality ofthe place grieued, one part being higher then ano-
ther: the cure whereof, according to Ab/irtus, and Hierocles, is in this forte. .
Oo 2 Firft
Markham.
Blundevile
ce m eee ae z rena RESET TE. 1m rate = s Z
Y E a= LL Ey ee Eau o A ain a es DER ee T ge Ah e eM a a Ee
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cS TAE ARS E fe = ed C " T. a cerro 2r T Le SM eo 0 «08 L UTI - P » c
e eo gb pt AMT MR REA A Ld 7 . 3
Imo ap ES EET ree par UI Lo — : - ae — Em —— - — = dni wem " = " " P - P EN Foy
xxm 2 ; - 2 - D x = 28 Sat -— - - : - t"
—— Ó— MÀ MR E DUET ATE BENP TERN EU CIEN e - — - " 1 | 1
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V coeaee.
4M: The Hiflory of Fourezfooted Beaffs.
Firft, putthe bone againe into his right place. That done, wrap itabout with vnwafhe
wooll, binding it fat to the leg with a (mall. lianen roller, foked before in Oyle and vine-
ger mingled together Andletthat roller be laid on,as euen as is poffiblejand vpon that lay
againe more wooll, diptin oyle and vineger, and then fplent ic with three fplents;biddirig
them faftat botliends with achong;andlecche horfes leg be kept ftraight, and right out,
the {pace of forty daies and lét notthebonds beloofenediaboue 5. tiiriesin twenty daies,
vnleffz it fhrinke, and fo require to be new dreft, and bound again. Butfaile not cuery day
once, to poure on the fore place, through the fplentes, oyle and vineger, mingled toge-
ther. Andatthe forty daies end; if you pérceiuethatthe broken place be fowdered toge-
theragain withíome hard knob or griftle : thenloofen the bonds, fo as the horfe may go ro
faireand foftly, vfing from thattime forth tó annoint cheplace' with forme foft ercace or
Oointment.oc & old svo tug o3 ie ! Tio Lum
Of broken bones. ^. c DIT it
! a not for mine owne pait had any great experience in broken bones of a Horfe,be-
* caufe it chanceth feldom, and when it doth chance, whatthrough the horfes brutifh va.
rulineffe, and the immoderate maner ofthe aA, itis almoft held incurable, yet for thelit- '
tle experience I haue, I haue not found for this purpofe any thing fo foueraine or abfolut
good, as oyle of Mandrag,which applyed, couglutinatethand bindeth together any thing
efpecially bones being either fhiuered, or broken. . i i
- Of benes out of; jo)nf.
=] Fa Horfes knee or fhoulder be clean out ofioynt, and.no bone broken, Mar-
tin faith the readieft way is,to bind all the fourelegs togerher, infuchíortas
i= hath bintaught before in the chap. of incording, and thento hoife the Horffe
15er S861 fomewhat from the ground, with his heeles vpward, fofhal the weight and
|
|
L. MÀ
peife of his body, caufethe ioyntto fhootin again into the right place: for by this means
he pleafured not long fincea friend and neighbor of his, who going with his cart from S.
Albons, towards his owne houfe, his Thiller fell and put his fhoulder cleane out ofioynt, 30.
{oashewas neither ableto rife;not being holpen vp, could ftand on his Legs: to which
:* mifchancé Martin being called, made no more adoe, but taking his friendes Cart-rope,
bound the horfes legs all 4: together, and with a leuer being ftaid vpon the Cart-wheele,
they putting their fhouldersto the other end,hoifed vp the horfe clean from the ground, |
the peife of whofe body made thebone to returne into his right place, with fuchaloude
knack or crack, as it might he hearda great way offand the Horfe immedia tly had the vfe
of hisleg fo as he drew in the cart, and wentalfo fafe home without complai ning thereof
euer after. ;
Certaine receipts of plaifters, very good for broken bones, taken
eut of the old Authors writing of borfe- ( aah
é lesch-eraft. ^.
Ake of spuma argenti, of vineger, of each one pound, of Sallet-oyle halfe a pound,of
Amoniacum,and Turpentine, of each 3.three ounces, of waxe, of Rozen, of each two
ounces of Bitumen, of Pitch, of Vardigreafe,of each balfea pound. Boile the vineger,oile
and Spumaargenti together, vntillit wax thick.then put thereunto thePitch,which being
molten, takethe pot from the fire, and put in the Bitumen without ftirring itat aljand chat
being alfo molten,then put in al the reft,& fet the pot again to the fire, and let chem boile
altogether, vntil they bee all vnited in one. That done, {traine it, and make itin a plaifter
forme, and this is called Hierocles plaifter. — ^ o
| | Another receit for broken bones. - |
Akeofliquid Pitch one pound,of wax two ounces,of the pureft & fineft part of Fran-
kincenfe one ounce; of Amoniacum foure ounces, of dry Rofes, and of Galbanum,of
each one ounce; of vineger two pints. Boile firft the vineger and Pitchtogether, then put
in
aX.
I6
20
306
Of the Hore.
inthe Amoniacum,diffolued firft in viaeger,and after that al the reft ofthe aforefaid drugs
and after they haue boyled togéthet,and be vnited in one, ftraine it, and make it plaifter-
wife, and this is called Emplaftrum (lauum, that is to {ay , the yellow plaifter.
An ointment for broken bones.
pat of old'Sallet-oile a quart, and puttherunto of hogs-greafe of spuma witri,of cach
one pound, and lec them boile together, vntil it begin to buble aboue,& let this oint-
ment be very warm when you vie it. Hitherto of al the difeafes belonging to a horfe.Now
therefore my promife was made vnto you to fpeake of thofe things wherein the cure of al
difeafes do confift, that is to fay, in letting bloud, in taking vp of veines, in purging, and
in giuingthefice : yea,andalfo order it felte bindech me to treat of the faid things prefent-
ly, and firftoflettingblood.
Jn how many veines a horfemay be let bloud, and to
what end. f
AS touching the order, time ofthe yeare, Moone, and day, and other ciccumftances
4 Abelonging to letting of blood, we baue fudicientdy fpoken already in the keepers of-
fice, in the 22. chap. lt refteth cherefore hereto fhew you what veines fhould be opened
whenthe horfeis fick ofany difeafe, according to Vegetius opinion. But fir{tI will rehearfe
vnto you once again, in how many veines a horfe may be let blood, and the rather for that
I followe Vegetius. A Horfethen may bee let blood inthe two "Temple vaines.Item, in
thetwo eie vaines, which are eafie to finde in the face of the horfe, fomewhat beneath the
ciés.
Item, inthe two pallat veines ofthe mouth. In the two necke vaines. Item in the two
at vaines which beein the breaft. Item, in tbetwo forethigh vaines. Item, in the fovre
fhakell vaines before. Item, in the two toe vains before. Item in the two fide veines which
may bee otherwife called flancke veines. Item inthe taile veine. Item in the two haunch
veines. Item inthe two hough veines. Item, in the foure fhakell veinesbehinde. Item, in
the two toe veines behind, fo that by this accout, ahorfe may be let blood in 3 1. veines.
- Allwhich veinesare eafie inough to know, becaufethat every one lyeth in alittle gutter,
40
$C
which by feeling foftly with your finger, you fhall finde immediatly. And Vegetius faith,
thatif 2 Horfe be pained with any griefein his head, as with ach, heauineffe, frenzy, fal-
ling euill, or fach like, then itis good tolet him blood in the temple veines witha fleame. -
I£ his eiesbe waterifh, blodfhotten, or grieued with pin, web, or hawe, then itis good to
ftrike the eie veine witha flame. If he haue any heanineffe or wearineffe ofbody ,or bee
difeafed in the throat with the ftrangullion, quinzy, or {welling of the artires,either within
or without, then itis good to let him bloud in the mouth, in the palat veines witha Cor-
net; Ifhe be vexed with an Ague, or with any other difeafe,vniuerfally hurting his body,
thenlet him bloud in the necke vaines. If his griefe be in the lungs, liver, orin any other
inward member; then let him blood in the breaft veines which we called before the palat
veines. Ifhebe grieued in the fhoulder, then lethim blood in the forethigh veins, aboue
the knee witha lancet, and that very warily , becaufe that place is full of finnewes, and if
héBe erieuedin his ioynts, then let him bloudinthe fhakell veines, and that warily, be,
caufe that place is alfo full of finnewes.
And if hebe foiledon his forefeet by foundering or otherwife,then let him blood in the
toe veins, making way fir ft with your drawer, or cornet in the hoofeto cometo the veine,
It hebec difeafedin the kidnies, reines, backe, or belly, then let him bloud inthe flancke
veines, and in his taile, if hehathany griefe in his hips, or houghs, then let him blood in
thehipor hough veines; and if his binder legs, ioynts, or feete, be grieued, thenlethim
blood in the fhakell veines, and toe veines, as is aforer,id.
Qo 3 Of
425
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gate ria Sn on e egre 3 -
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See aR aS ee eee lodo eer d =x Sa CERE , E . GN - ‘
Neos d i d EC gcc uc. DERE Ne E Dry Vc qu IEUNar ra De ee MR IN MEE " F M : N
R —— cms : arat TNT nU, GANE SIME IEEE Es. NT iN An 3 - d: iy ,
IM Merc ida- = 3 - — - ze -— : » P : SSeS peut nd ix lat "e í 2 *M >
ae ee a Ye = - a oe ese M3 - -— = " S x ^ z J "
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The Hiflorie of Fore footed Beafts.
The order of taking up vaines, ana wherefore it is good.
===] He order obferued by Martin is in this fort. Firft, if the Horfle be very
: curftand (hrewd, then cafthimvppona dunghill, or fome ftraw, then ha-
uing found the veine that you wouldtake vp, marke well that partofthe
Locos) skinne which couereth the veine, and pull that fomewhat'a fide from the
ED SANE! veine with your left thumb, to the intentyou may flit it with a Rafor,with-
out touching the veine. And cut not no deeper then onely throughtheskinne,and that to
lonefte wife, as the veine goeth, and not aboue an inchlong. That done, take away your
Thumbe, and the skinne will returneagaine into his place, right ouer the veine, as it was
before. .
Then with a cornet vncouerthe vaine and make it vp, and heing bare, thruft the cor- -
net vnderneath it, and raifeit vp, fo as you may puta fhoomakers thread vnderneath,
fomewhat higher then the cornet, to knit the vaine when timeis. And if your cornet had
a hole in the fmall end to putin the thread, it (hould bethe eaflier done.
Thenthe cornet ftanding fo ftill,flit the vaine longft wife thatit may bleede,and hauing
bled fomewhat {rom aboue, then knit it vp witha füre knot, fomewhat aboue the flit, fut-
fering it to bleed onely from beneath, and hauing bled fufficiently, then knit vp the veine
alfo beneath the flit witha ure knot, and fill the hole of the vein with Salt, and then heale 20
vp the wound of the skinne with Turpentine, and Hogs-greafe molten together, andlaid
onwith alittle Flax. The taking vp of veines is very neceflary and doth eafe many griefes
in the Legges: forthe taking vp of the forethigh veines eafeth Farcins, and fwellinges of
the Legges, the taking vp ofthe fhakell veines before, eafeth the Quitter-bone and fwel-
ling oftheioynts,fcabs, and cratches. Thetaking vp ofthe hinder veines helpeth the
Farcin, fwellings, and both the fpauens,the taking vp ofthe fhakel veines behind, helpeth
fwelling ofthe ioynts;the paines, and kibed heeles and fuch like difeafes.
Of purging with Purgation, or Glifter.
4 Vrgations is defined by the Phyfitians, to be the emptiyng or voiding
A of fuperfluous humors, annoying the body withtheir euill quality. For
fuch humors bring euillinyce and nutriment, called of che Phyfitians
| Cacochimia, which when it will not be corre&ed or holpen with good dy-
et, alteration, nor by the benefit of natureand kindly heat,then it muft
4 az needes be taken away by purgation, vomit or Glifter. But forafmuch as
Horffes are not wont to be purged by Vomit, as men be, I will fpeake heere onely of Gli-
fters and pürgations: And firft becaufea Horfe is grieued with many difeafes in his guts,
and that nothing can purge the guts fo well as a Gly fter, and efpecially the thicke guts, I
with that our Ferrerswould learne to knowethe diuerfity of Glyftersto what end®they 49
ferue, and with what drugs or fimples they fhould bee made, foras the difeafe requireth,
fo mufttheGlifterbee made, fometo allay griefesand fharpneffe of humors,fometo
binde, fore to loofen, fometopurge euillhumors, fometo clenfe Vlcers : but our Fer-
rers vfe Glifters, only co loofen the belly and for no other purpofe: yea, few ornone.do
thatvnleffe it be Martin, and fuch as he hath taught, who is not ignorant thata Glifter
is the beginning of purgation. For a Glifter,by clenfing the guts,refrefheth the vital parts
and prepareth, the way before. And therefore whénfoeuera Horfeisfurfeted and full of
euill humors, needing to be purged and {pecially being pained in the guts, I would with
youtobegin firftwitha Glifter, leattby purging him by medicine vpponthe fudden, you
ftirvp a rnultitude of euill humors, which finding no paflage downewatd becaufe the guts
be ftopt with wind and dregges, do {trike vpwardes, and fo perhaps put the horfein great :
danger.
: Bui now you (hall vnderftand that Glifters be made of foure things, thatisto fay, of de-
coétions, of Drugges, of Oyles, or fuch like vn&ious matters, as butterand foft greafe,
and fourthly of diuerskindes of faltto prouoke the vertue expulfiue. A decoétion is :
much
Of the Horffe. | 427
müch to fay as the broath of certaine hearbes or fimples boiled together ia water till the
third part be confumed. |
And{ometimeinftead of uch decoion, it fnalbe needfull parhapsto viefome fat broth
as thebroth of Beefe or of Sheeps beads, or Milke, or VV hay, or fome other fuch Jike li
quor; andthat perhaps mingled with Hony, or Sugar, according as the difeafe ihall re-
| quire, the Glifterto be either Lenitiue, that is to fay, eafing paine:.or Glutinatine,tharis, -
| joyning together : or elfe Abfterfine, that isto fay, cleanfing or wiping away filthy mat-
| terjofwhich deco&ion of broath being ftrained, you fhall need to take three pintes ora
| quartattheleaft. Andtheninto that you may putfuch druggesas fhall bee needefullto
theweight of three or foure ounces, according as the fimples (halibee more or leffe vio-
1 Jent. Of Oyleattheleatt halfea pinte;andof Salt two or three drammes, and then cobee»,
| miniftred Luke-warme witha hotne or pipemade ofpurpofe, when the hoife is nor alto-
| gether full paached, but rather empty, beit either in forenoone or after-noone.. Andas.;
touching the time of keeping lifters in the body, you fhal vnderftand, that to glifters ab
flerfiue halfe an houre or leffe may fuffice : to glifteys Lenitiuca longer time if it may be.
andto glifters Glutinatiue, thelongefttime of allis moftncedfull. :
Of Purgations.
Vrgations for men may be made in divers forts and formes, but horfes are wontto
bepu rged onely with pilles, or els with purging powders put into AR, wine or forme plundevile
other liquor.But the fimples whereoffüch pilsor powders be made,would be chofen:
with iudgementand aptly applyed, fo as you may purge away the hurtfuli humours, and
notthe good.Learne firtt therefore to know wich what humour or humours the horfe is
greeued, be it Choler, Flegme, or Melancholy,and in what part of the body fuch humors. .
do abound: then what fimplesare beftto purge füch humors;S with what property quali,
ty,andremperament they be indued. For fome be violentand next confinsto poifon, as
Scamony, or Coloquintida. Some againe are gentle, and rather meat than medicines, as
Manna, Caffia; VV hay, Prunes,and fach like. And fome againe beneither too v iolent,nor
o too gentle, but ina meane, as Rhewbarbe, Agaricke, Sene, Aloes. The olde men did vfe ;
much to purgehorfes with the pulpe of Coloquintida, and (ometime with the rootes of
wilde Cowcumbe rand fometime with the broathe ofafodden VVhelpe mingled with
Nitrum, and diuers other thinges whereof Lam fure haue made mention before inthe
curing of horfes difeafes. : 1 m à
Notwithftanding I would notwi(h you to berafhin purginga horfe afterthe old mens
example. Forastheir fimples many times bee very violent, fothe quantities th creof by,
them prefcribed are verie much, and dangerousfor any horfetotake in thefe daies,ia the
which neither mannor beaft;as it feemeth, is offuch force or ftrengthasthey were in
times paft.And therefore whenfoeuer you would purge him with fuch like kindes of Pur-
gations as Martin vfech, wherofyou hane example before in diners places, and whenfoe-
| 4° ueryoulift for knowledge (ake to deale with other fimples, to prouethem firftvpon fuch
Jades as may well be fpared, For whofocuermindeth to purgeahorfe well, that is, to do
him goodand no hurt, hadneede to confider manic things sas the nature of the horfes di,
feafe, and the horfes ftrength :alfo the nature, ftrengthand quantity ofthe medicine that
he iminiftreth:the Region, or Countrey thetime of thedifeafe; thetime ofthe, yeere and |
daie. For asthe difeafes and euill humors caufing fuch difeafesare diuers3 fo doe they re: Mr b
quire to be purged with diuers medicines, diuerflie compounded, wherein confilleth a 4n pi
point of Arttobe learned atthe Phyfitians hands,and notat mine... 265) 5° dme T Ius
Againe,weake, delicate, and tender Horfes; may notbepurged in fuch forte, as thofe i
tharbe ofaftrong fturdie nature: Andtherefore in fuch cafes che. qualitigapd.quantiry of
pe a ee Te rats = = = MN EE ES AL = ato os =
=
umane 05
"EO . 2 d "iy f: . X Lt. Lu ; inkl
| 5" the fimplesis notalictle tobe-confidered; neither is thehotneffe or coldneffe of the Regi- nnt M
‘onto be neglected, northe timie of the difeafe:Forfome require to be purged inthe verie - h en
beginning ome, not vatill the matter be thioughlie digefted: and though the difcafepro- a ea |
ceed perhaps of colde andcold humors, yeta man may not Minifterfuch hot tbinges in DEP DT
Summer;as he would doin Winter, nor in the contrarie cafe, fuch coldthinges in VY in- PES |
Ress - ter 2 j i | | a
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The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
rer ashe wouldin Summer. And therefore thetime and feafon ofthe yeare is alfo to b ee
obferued: yea the day and time of the day.For the more temperate the day is the better,
notin an extreame hot day, for making the horfe to faint, nor yetwhen the winde blo w-
ethin the cold North, for that wil {top and hinder the working of the medicine, but rather
ina temperate moift day, when the wind is inthe South, if it may bee, forthatwill further
and helpe the working of the medicine, and make the body loofe and foluble.
Againe for a horíe, whether you purge him with pils or drinke,it is beft for him(as Mar-
tin faith) to take themin the m orniag, after that be hath fafted frommeatand drinke al the
nightbefore.And hauing receiued his medicine,let him be walked vppe and downe, one
houre atthe leaft, andthen fet himvp,and fuffered to ftand on the bit two or three houres
without any meat, but inthe meane time fee chat he be well littered , and warme couered :
and at three houres end, offer him alittleofa warme math made with Wheate meale, or
with bran, or elfe with groand mault.Giue him little meat or none vntill hebe purged :all
which thinges haue bin.fhewed you before in diuers places, andtherefore I thinke ít not
goodto betedious vnto you with often recitall thereof.
Of Cauterizatien ,or giuing the fire, afmell actual as potential.
Orafmuch asthe fire is iudged of all the olde writers to be the chiefeft remedy, andas
it were thelaft refuge inall difeafes almoft whereuntoa horfe is fubie&e, Ithought
ood therefore to talke of it in this place, and the rather, for that fewe or none of our
Ferrers vnleffe it be Martin, orfuchas haue beenetaught, do know howeto giuethe fire,
or to whatend it ferueth.But firk you fhall vnderftand,that according to the learned Chi-
rürgians, yea, alfo according to my old Authors, therebe two kinds of Cauterie, theone
a&uall, and the other potential. The Caureriea@ual is that which is done onely by fiering
ofthe greeued place with ahotyron. The porentiall Cauterie is done by applying vnto
thegreeued place, fome medicine co rofiue, putrifa&iue, or caufticke. But we will Ípeake
firftofthe a&uall cautery, fhewing you wherefore itis good, then of what mettelland fa-
fhion your inftrument fhould be made, and finally how and when to vfethem.
^ uicenaith, that an a@tuall cauterie moderately v{ed, is a noble remedy to ftoppe co-
ruption of members, to re&ifie the complexion ofthe fame, andalfo to ftaunch bloede.
How be it you muft beware (faith hey that youtouchnot thefinnewes, chordes, or liga-
ments, leaftthe member be weakened, or that the crampe infueth. zgetius alfo writing of
horfe-leach-craft, praifeththea&uall cavterie very much, {peaking in this fort, The a&uall
cautery faithhe, bindeth together parts lofened, it doth attinuate parts blowne and puffed
vp; it drieth vp fuperfluous moifture, it loofeneth, and diuideth euill matter gathered to-
20
39 |
gether into knots, tt affwageth old griefes, it rectifieth thofe parts of the body thatare co- |
fupted by any manner of way, reducing them to their priftine eftate, and fufferethno fu-
perfluity to grow or increafe, for the skinne being opened with a hot yron, all kind of cor-
tüiption by veraié of the fire is firft digefted aid ripened, and then diflolued, foas the mat-:
ter dóth yflue outat che holes, whereby chemember or part before offended is nowe hea-
Jed; and'cafed ofall paine and greefe :yea the holes being once clofedand cleane thut vp,
that place is ftrongerand betterknit, and couered with a tougher skin than euer it was be-
fore Nowastouching the inftruments whereof, and of what fa(hion they (hould be made
you fhallvnderftand, that Vegetinsand the otherold writers would haue them tobe made
of copper, praifing that mettell to be far better toburne with, that yron. ‘The chirurgians
for mans body dopraife gold and filuer, butas for the fafnion of the yrons, itisto bee re-
ferredto thekinde of fore placeand grieued, wherewith you haue to deale, according to
the diuerfity whereof, che inftcuments are to be made of diuers fafhions,as fome with fea-
ring yrons with fharpe edges, atid fomewith bluntand broade edges, fomelike right, and
fome liké crooked Bodkins, and fome like hookes and fickles; and fome witha great but-
ton: and fome witha faial Button atthe one ende, in making whereof, the Ferrersiudge-
"mentis moft ne&dfull, who oughttobe fo skilfullas he may beable to makealimaner of y-
tons that he (hould occupy andto alter themaccording as need (hall require. And there.
58
‘fore Ithought good onely heere to fpeake of the common drawing yron, and. of the |
but-
Of the Horffe. 429
| button yron, likein formeto thofe that Martin vfeth, referring all the reftto your owne
judgement, and fpecially fith you haue bin fully inftru&ed before of what fort they fhold
be made meet to ferue yourturne in any difeafe : Nowe, as touchingthevíe of the inftru-
ments, two thingsare {pecially to be confidered, that is the heating ofthe yron, and the
bearing of the hand.For the backe ofthe yron may not be red hot,but onely the edge,for
feare of ycelding too much heat.And therefore thonghit bemadered hocatthefirft, yet
it (hall be good before you occupy it, to cool the backe of the infirument in water, and as
touching the bearing of the hand more euenly and lightly it is donnethe better, and that
| according as the fineneffe and thinneffe of the skin (hall require, which is tobe iudged by
ro the haire.For ifthe haire be fhortand fine, then it isa figne of afineskinne, if longe and
| rough, then it betokeneth a thicke skinne. The fine skinne requireth thelighter hand, and
|, nottobeburnedfo deepeasthe thicke skinne, yet both muft be burned vntill they looke
ellow.
But the fine skinne willlookeyellow with leffer burning, then thethicke skinne. For
| — thethicke skinne with his long haire doth chokethe fire, and therefore requireth amore
heauy hand : yea, and more often heating ofthe inftrument than thethinne skinne doeth,
and be fure to draw alwaies with the haire, and not againftthe haire, in what forme and in
what manner of lines hath beenetaughtyou before : for thofe muftbe made either long,
fhort, deepe, fhallow, right-crooked, or ouer-thwart, according as the difeafe doeth re-
| 90 quire : you hauelearned alfo howto alay the heat of the fire, after fuch drawing.And ther-
|^ fore Ihaueno more to fay heere,but onely toadmonith you acccording to egeris pre-
cepts, not to fire anie finnewie place, nor bonethat is broken or out ofiointe, for feare of
| — weakening the whole member, nor to bear fo heauy or vneuen hand, as you fhould there-
by deforme or miffafhion any partof the horfe, norbe too hafty in giuing the fire, but to
attempt frt all other conuenient remedies, and when nothing elfe will helpeto makethe
fire your laft refuge,andyetnotfo muchto negle& it andabhorre it, like the ignoraunt
fort, as you will not vfe it wheh need requireth, for lack whereof manyhorfes go lame,and
vncuredof divers difeafes.Pra&ife your felus therefore in giuing the fire at needful times
with iudgement and difcretion, fo fhall you do ittothe horfes benefit, andto your owne
go greatpraifeand profit.
Of Cauteries potentiall.
» Auteries potential, as Zehannes Vigo faith, are medicines Corofiue,
Putrifa&iue and: Caufticke.. This word Corcfiue, is deriued of the
y Latine word Corrodo, which is as much tofaie, asto gnaw and frette,
; andoffüch Corofiues,fomebe fimple andfomecompounde. The
? (imple as Vigo faith, be fuch as thefebe, Roche Alum,as wellburnte
29 as not burnt, fpunge ofthe Sea fomewhatburnt, Lime, redde corall
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The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Hogges-greace.Medicines caufticke: thatis to fay burning,are thofe whofe opetationare
molt ftrong and inclineth tothe natute of the fire, and yet more eafily alayed as igo. wri-
teth, than the medicines putrifa&iue, and therefore may be morefafely vied. They bee
made as he faith of {trong lie, called Capitellum, or Magiftra, of Fitriole Romane, Sal Natri,
Aqua fortis, of this fort be al thofe which 7g calleth the bliftering medicines, as apium,
Centharides, Ciclamine, Onions, {trong Garlicke, Melapacardinum, the (tones or graines of
Vitis alba, otherwife called Brione. Moreouer, 7/772 maketh every one ofthefe cauteries
potential! to excel one another, as it were by certaine degrees, faying, that corofiues bee
weaker then putrifa&iues, and putrifa&iues be weaker then caufticke, and therefore coro-
fiues worke in the vpper partand in foft fleth, Putrifactiues in hard fle(h and deepe. But
cauftickes haue power to breake the skin in hard fleth and do enter moft deepely. Thevfe
ofthe mofte part of which thinges haue beene taught you before infundry places, accor-
ding to Martins expeiience.
Rnd therefore I leave totrouble youany further, withing youthat ate defirous to know
any more ofthofe matters, to read Tangantins wüting De pirotieis. And Siluius de medica
mentorum compofitione.And John Vigo writing offurgerie, Englifhed but few yeares fince.
But the old writers fo farreas Icaniudge by the wordes of _Abjirtws, and others, that write
of horfeleachcraft, do applie this worde caufticke, tofuch medicines asare aftrictiueand
binding, called of Martin and other Ferrers in thefe daijes, binding charges, as may well
appeare by the compofition and vic hecre following, recited by /egetius in thisfort.
The receipt of aCaufiicke o fed by Chiron ,to dry up the [uperflnous moifture
and to bind parts loofened, and to flrengthen
parts weakened.
ose of Bitumen Indaicum two pounde, ‘of Bitumen Apolony two pouude, ofthe pureft
part of Frankencenfefixounce, of Aelium Arabicum tto ounces, of Deares fewer 2.
pound, of Papuleum two ounces, of Galbanum two ounces, of the drops of Storax two oun-
ces, of common wax two pound, of Re/i# Gabial one pounde, of Pifeus Italicus three oun-
ces, of Apexima two ounces,of the iuice of hipfop two ounces,of the drops of Armoniake
two ounces, of pitch one pound.
Another Cauflicke v fed by Peluganius ,to dry vp fmellings, Bladders,
Windgals, and [plents in the Legges and
adis ioynts.
E Ries virgin wax one pound, of Rozentwo poundand a halfe, of Galbanam three oun-
ces, of Afphaltum Iudaicum wo pound, of Mirche fecondary two pounde; of Bitumen
one pound, of Armoniacke fix ounces, of Cof/u (ix ounces.Boile all thefethings together
in an earthen pot, fauing the A/phaltwm,Armoninack & Co flum:which being firft ground
like fine flower, muft beadded vnto the other thinges,and after that they haue been boiled
and cooled, and then boiledal cogetheragaine, and well flirred, :fo as they may bee incor-
porated together,aud madeall onefubftance. Thefekindes of emplaifters or ointmentes
ought in my iudgementto be fo called,as I faid before, rather binding charges, than cau-
ftike medicines, becaufe there be no fuch extreame corofiue or burning firaples in thefe,
as are before recited. Notwithftanding I refer my iudgment to thofe that be better lerned,
and fo end for being ouer tedious.For if 1 would, I could take very good occafion heere to
fpeake of diuers others other medicines, whereoffome are called Anodina, eafing paine
and griefe.Martin callech them Linoges, whichare made of Linefeede, Cammomile, foft
greaceand{uch like things,as are hot in the firft degree, fomeagainearecalled Narcotica,
that isto fay, aftonying or bringing to fleepe, asthofethat are made of Opium, Mandraga-
va, Popie,and fuchlike cold and groffe things. And fomeare called sarcotica, that is, bree-
ding defh, as Barly lower and Frankencenfe. And many otherkinds of emplaifters, oint-
ments, watersand falues, which would occupy a booke of no {mal volume, to bee written
hereafter by fome other perhaps, ifnot by my felfe. Andin the meane time, let this that I
haue already written fufficc.
to
20
39 (3
40
$0
| 2 00 o8 Oftthe Horffe.
Of the Antitor.
of inflammation in the liver, whichis ingenderedby meanes of too choife keeping,
| andouermuch reft, which choaketh the vital power, andoccafion vnnaturall {wel-
| lingsin the breft, which it they.afcend ypward and come into the necke,they are inftandy
| death:the cure thereofis in this fort.Let him bleedío as hemay bleed abundantly, then
|- withafbarpknifein diuers places cut.the {welling : which done, fet a cupping-glaffe ther-
|. on, andcup it till che glaffe filled with foule wazer fall away it felfe: then giue the H orfeto
|iYo . . . : . Á
|É9 drinke three mornings together a pinte of Malmefie well flirred with Sinamon, Lycoras,
| andalittle Bezar ftone, and during his ficknes, let his drinke bee warmed, and mingled
with either Bran or Malt. .
rio | Of the Cords.
] em
He Cords is adifeafe that maketh a horfe ftumble, and many times fall, and they a-
aM peareina horfes forelegs, this is the cure thereof. Takea fharpe knife; and:cuta flitte
cuenat thetip ofhis nofe, iuft with the point of the grille; open the flit being made,
| and you fl hall perceiue a white ftring, take it vp with.a Bores tooth, orfome crooked bod-
Lao Kiasand cutie infunder, then ftitch vppe the flit and annoint it with Butter, and the horfe
doubtlcffe fhall berecouered. .
| loin . Of the Millets.
“He Millets is a griefe that appeareth in the Fetlockes behinde, and caufeth the haire
to (hed three or foure inches long, anda quarter of an inch in bredth, like asic were
pe bare andill to cure, but thus is the cure ; Firft wath it well with firong lye, and rub it
| tillit bleede, then bindevntoit Hony,vnfle& lime, and Deares fewet, boiled and mingled
together, this do for the fpace ofa weeke, and it fhall be whole. ey ol
3° : Of the Serew.
Serewis a fouleforaunce, itis like a Splent, but it isa little longer , and is moft com-
monly onthe outfide of the forelegge, as the fplint is on the infide, the cure is thus.
"Take two {poonefuls of ftrong Wine-Vinegar, and one fpoonefull of good Sallet-
| oyle, mingle them together,and every morning beftow one houre in rubbing the forance
| with icaltogether downeward til itbegone, which will not belong in going.
E ^ á The medicines arifing out of Horfes.
He Gracians haue written nothing) atall concerning wilde
horfes, becaufe in their country there was noneof them v-
fually bredde or gotten: yet notwithftanding thefame wee
which do proceed fromthem, are more {trong in operati-
fl on, and haue in them greater force and power then anye
common horfes haue, asitfalleth outinall fortes of other
beafts.
The blood of ahorfe (as Pliny Affirmethydoth gnaw into
50 HS deade fle(h with a putrifa&iue force, the fame vertue hath
| * thebiood of Mares, which hauebin couered by horfes: Alfo the bloode of a horfe (but e-
| fpecially of one which isa breeder) doeth verye much make and helpe againfte im-
poftumes, and {mall bunches which do arife in the fleth. Moreouer it is faid that the bloud
ofa young Affeisvery good againft the Iauadice, and the ouer-flowing of the gall, as al-
| fo the fame force’and effe@is in the blood ofa young horfe.The horfe-leaches do vfethe
blood
431
ze Anticor, commeth of fuperfluity, of euill blood or fpiritintheartires, x allo airbag,
Pliny.
ought to thinke that all medicines or anye other thinges, .
—
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zi = = = = "e mU Uum NES = —— z ev A: 2 eq a"
oro
a See s eR eee eee T B re SSS cce né e ctiri m ap € Ra.
- ER = 7 =a Lr a IT MM ir in x — D OSS er a Sa Seer ae EET
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m.
TC
432 | (The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafls.
blood ofhorfes for diuers difeafes which are incident vato them, both by anaointin g or
rubbing the outward parts, as alfo within their bodies: |
Furthermore if one do cut the vaines ofthe palletof ahorfes mouth, and letit runne
Theenkiis. Aowne'tüto his belly, it willprefently deftroy and confume the maw or belly-wotmsjw hich
Cegerias
Pliny.
Furueritss
Albertus
Marcellus,
Sextet.
Phiany
ate withinhim, When a horfe is fickeofthe peftilenee, they draw blood out Of the Veines
in hisfpurring place, and mingling thé fame vpon aftone with falc, make hisitohickeic vp.
The blood of ahorfe is alfo mingled with other medicines jand being arinointed ypon the
armesand fhoulders of men or beafts; which are broken or out of ioynt, dothvery much
helpe them. Buta horfe which is weary or tyred, you/muftcureáfterthis manüer. Firfte;
draw fotnebloude out of his matrixe or wombe, and mingle it with Oyleand Wine, and n |
then put it onthe fire ull it bee luke-warme, and then rübbethe horfeall ouer againfte the
haires;Ut bas do Sac 3; 2 pt sad n
Ifthe finnewes of horfes do wax ftiffe or fhrink in together, it is very neceffaty:thatthe
ficke parts fhould be annointed with the hot bloode which doeth proceede from him, for
horfes alo which are fed ia the field vie their flethand dung, againft the biting and flinging
of Serpents. T a ad cu
~ ^Ne doalfo find that the fle(h ofhorfes being well boiled is very medicinable for di-
uers difeafes. Moreouer it is very vfuall and common withthe women of OccitáBiato take
the fat or greace of horfesto annoint their heades to make the haire of their heads mvlti-
ply and increafe, and certaine liter Phifi:ians do mingle the marrow ofa horfe with other
ointments for aremedy againft the crampe. | Sud OH
The marrow ofa horfeis alfo very goodtoloofen thefinnewes which areknit and faft-
ned together, but firftlet it be boiled in wine, and afterwards made cold, and then anoine
ted warmly either by the fire or Sun. Ifa horfe do labor in whatkind ofim poftume which
they vulgarly call the worme;cither any where as well as in thenofe, they do openthe skin
with afearirg yron, and doe iprinkle Verdigreace within the horfes mouth being brent,
there being added thereunto fometitnes the feed of Hén-bane. :
The teeth ofa male horfe not gelded or by any labor made feeble, being put vnder the
head orouerthehead ofhim that is troubled or ftarteth in his dreame,doth withftandand
refift all vaquietnes which in thetime of his reft might.happen vntohim. Plinyalfo doeth
affentthat fower dooeth heale theforenesofa horfes teeth and gums, and the clefts and
chinkes of a horfes feet. d E 9 M
_ Theteethalfoofahorfe is verye profitable for the. curing of the Chilblanes whichare
rotten and full of corruption when they are {wollen full ripe. Marcellus faith that thetoothe
of ahorfe being beaten and.cruthed into very finall powder, and being fpriakled. vppona
mans genital! doth much profit, and very effe&ually helpe him : but the teeth which were
firft ingendered ina horfe haue this vertue inthem, that if they fhould touch the teethe of
man or woman who are moleftedand grieued with thetooth-ache,they thal prefently find
a finall ende of their paine : ifin the like mannera childe doekiffe thenofe or fnowt ofa
2
39
horfe he fhal neuer fcele paine in his teeth, neither at any time fhall the childebebitten by 49
the horfe. ^... |
Theteeth which do fir ofall fall from horfes, being bound or faftned vpon children in
their infancie, do very eafily procure the breeding ofthe teeth, but with more {peed and
morceffe&ually if they haue nener touchedthe grovnd, whereforethe poet doth very wel
apply thefeverfes,faying 5 | |
Colloigitur raolli dentes nectentur equini
Qui prima fuerim pullo crefcente ^na .
Itis alfo faid thacifthe haire ofa horfe be faftned vntothe houfe ofa mans enemy, it wil be
a mieanes that neither little flies or {mall gnats fhall flieby his dwelling place or aboad. The
tongue of a horfe being neueraccuftomed vnto wine, isa moft prefent and expedient me-
dicidetoalay orcure the milt ofa manor VVoman(as Ccilias Bion reporteth vnto vs, that
helearned itofthe Barbarians.) But Marcellus faith, that the horfe tongue oughtto be dried
and beaten into {mall pouder, and put intoany drinke except Wine onely, and foorthwith
it will (hewthe commodity which rifeth thereuppon, by eafing either man or Woman, of
the paine of the fpleene or milt diners alfo do thinkethat a horfes tongue vfed after this
manner
ar
*
9.
$9 |
| |
|
| manner,is a good meanes or preferuatiue againft the biting of Serpentes ot any other vee
| nemous creatures. :
But for the curing ofany fores or griefes in the inward partes, the genitall of ahorffe is
|- moftofall commended : foras Pliny fuppofeth, this genitall of a horfe is very medicina-
| bleforthe loofing ofthe belly,as alfo thebloud, marrow, orliuer ofa Goate, but thefe
| thinges doe rather dry vp and clofe the belly (as before we haue taught) concerning the
! Goat. Plinins
Inthe heart of Horffes there is founda bone, moft like vnto a dogs tooth, itis faide that
|. this doth driue away all griefe or forrowfrom a mans heart, and that a tooth being pulled
| ro fromthe checkes or iawbonesofa dead horfe doth thew the full and right,sumber ofthe; ,,.....-
forrowes of the party fo.grieued. The duft ofa horfe hoofe annointed with oile and water, FEM
doth driue away impoftumes and little bunches which rife inthe flefh in what part ofthe
body foeuer they be: and the duft ofthe hoofe of an affe annointed with oile, water, and
whot vrine, doth veterly expellall wensand kernels which do rife in the neck,arme-holes,
| orany other part of the body, of either man or woman.
The genitall ofa gelded horfe dryed in an ouen, beaten to powder, and giuen twice or
thrice in alittle whot broath to drinkevnto the party grieved, isby Pliny accounted an
| excellent andapproued remedy for the fecunds of a woman. The foame of a horfe,or the
| duftofahorfehoofe dried,is very good to driue away fhamefaftnes,being annointed with
| 20 acertaine titulation. The {crapings of the horfes hoofes being put in wine and poured in- Marcellui. .
to the horffes noftrils,do greatly prouoke his vrin.Theafhes alfo ofa horffes hoofe, being
| mingled with wineand water doth greatly eafe and helpe the difeafe called the collicke or
| ftone :asalío by aperfume which may be made by the hoofes of Horfes being dryed, a
| child whichis ftill borne is caft out.
| Themilke of Mares is of fuchan excellent vertue,that it doth quite expell the poyfon
of the Sea-hare,& all other poifon whatfoeuer, drink alfo mingled with Mares milk, doth
make the body loofe and laxatiue.Itis alfo counted an excellent remedy againft the falling
| — fickneffe, to drinke the ftones ofa Boare out of Mares milkeor water. Iftherebeany filth
|. or matter lying inthe matrice of awoman, lether take Mares milke boiled and througly
3o firained, and prefently the filth and excrements will void cleane away. If fo bethata Wo-
|
|
|
|
Hippocrates
man be barren and cannot conceiue, let herthen take Mares milke (notknowing what it
js) and let her prefently accompany with a man and fhe wil conceiue. The milk ofa Mare
being drunk doth affwagethe labor of the matrice, and doth caufea full child to bee caft
forth. Ifthe feede of hen-bane be beaten {malland mingled with Mares milke, and bound
with a Harts skin,fo that it may nottouch the ground,and faftened orboundto a woman
they will hinder her conception. |
The thinneft or lateft part ofthe milke ofa Mare doth very eafily, gently, and with-
out any danger purgethebelly.Mares milke being daily annointed with alittle hony doth.
without any paineor punifhénttake away the wounds ofthe eies being new made. Cheele >
|. madeofMaresmilke doth repreffe and take away all wringings or aches itt the belly what-
foeuer. Ifyou anointa combe with the foame ofa horfe wherwitha young man or youth
doth víe to comb his head it is of fuch forceas it will caufe the haire ofhis head neither to
encreafeor any whit to appeare. The foame ofa horfe is alfo very much commended for
| — themwhich haue either pain or difficulty of hearing in their ears,or elfe theduftofhorfe-
dung being new madeand dryed, and mingled with oyle ofRofes. Thegriefe or forenes /
ofa mans mouth or throat, being wafhed or annointed with thefoame of a Horfe which
hath bin fed with Oates or barly, doth prefently expell the paine of the foreneffe, iffo be
that it be 2. or 3. times wafhed ouer with the iuyce of young or greene Sea-crabs beaten
| fmalltogether : but if you cannot get the Sea-crabs which are greene, fprinkle vpon the
| griefethe {mal powder which doth come from dried Crabs whichare baked in an Ouen
| made of braffe, and afterward wath the mouth where the paine isand you fhall finde pre-
fent remedy. The fome ofa borfe, being 3- or 4. times taken in drinke dothquite expell Refs.
and driueaway the cough. But Mareellus doth affirme that whofoeuer istroubled with the
cough, or confumption of the lunges,and doth drinkethe foame of a Horfe by it felfe a-
lone without any drinke (hall finde prefent help andremedy : butas Sextus faith the ae
| Pp wi
o
Mut m oo tee cr
d.
ECT a
ud TS mae En
odii.
434
Marcellas
Raps
Albertus.
R afis
Rufsius
Diofcorides,
Phiny
Marcellas
Rufsiut.
Pellagonins.
Albertus,
Aefculapins.
CMarcellas.
Pliny
Sextus
€ mpirict $.
The Hiflorie of Foure-oote d Beafts.
will prefently die after it.The fame alfo being mingled with hot water and giuento one who
is troubled with the fame difeafes, being in manner paftal cure, doeth prefently procure
health, butche death of the horfe doth inftantly enfue. The fweat ofa horfe being mingled
with wine andío drunke, doth caufea woman whichis very big and in great labor, to cafta
ftill childe. |
The fweat ofany beatt,(butas Albertus faith) onely ofa horfe; doth breed wind in a man
or womans face being put thereupon, and befides thar, dothbring the {quince or {quincy,
a5 alfo a filchy ftinking {weac. Iffwords, kniues, orthe points of fpeares whenthey are red
fire hor, be annointed with the fweat ofa horfe,they will be fo venemous and full of poifon,
_ that if aman or woman be {mitten‘or pricked therewith, they wil neuer ceafe from bleedin
as long as lite doth laftlfa horfe be wounded with an arrow, and haue the fweat of another
horfe, and bread which hath bene brent, being mingled in mans Vrine, giuen him to drink,
and afterwards fo:ne of the fame, being mingled with horfe-greafe putinto the wounde, it
willin fhorttime procure him eafeand helpe. There are fome which wilaflure vs, thatifa
man be troubled withthe belly wormes, orhauea Serpent crept into hisbelly, ifhee take
but the {weate ofa horfe being mingled with his vrineand drinke it, itwill prefeatly caufe
the wormesor the Serpent to yflue forth.
The dung ofa horfe or Affe which is fedde with graffe, being dried and afterward dip-
pedinwine, and fo drunke, is avery good remedy againftthe, bitings and blowes of Scor-
pions. The fame medicines thty doe alfo vfe, being mingled with the genital ofa Hare in
Vineger, both againft the Scorpion, and agaiuft the fhrew-monfe.The force isfo ereat in
the poyfon ofa madde Dogge o: Bitch that his pargeted Vrine doth much burt,efpecially
vnto them that haue afore bile v pon them, the chiefeftremedy therefore againft thefame
is the dung ofa horfe mingled with Vineger, and being warmed put into the fcab or fore.
The dung afwelof Affes as of horfes either raw, colde, or burned, is excellent good againft
the breaking forth or yfTues ofthe blood. |
Thedung of Horfesor Afles being newe madeor warme, andfo clapped ard put toa
reen wound doth very eafily and fpeedily ftanche the bleeding. Ifthe vaine ofa horfe bee
cutand the blood doe yííne out in too great aboundance, apply the dung of the fame horfe
vnto the place where the veineis cut, and the bleeding wil prefently ceafe, wherefore the
poet doth very wel expreffeit in thefe verfes following ;
Sine finus manni cum teffis oritur out
Etveprimit fluidos miro medicamune curfus. af
Thefame doth alfo very wel driue away the corruption in mens body which doth caufe the
bloodto ftinke ifit be welland iufily applyed vato the corrupt place : The famealfo beein
mingled with oyle of Rofes,and new made, andfo applied vnto the eares, doethnot onely
drive away the paine, but alfo doth very much helpe for hearing ; There is another remedy
alfo for the hearing, whichis this, to take the dun gcofa horfe which is newmade, and to:
make it hotin a furnace, and then to poure it on the middle of the heade againftthe Yuula,
andafterward to tie the aforefaid dunge, inalinnen or wollen cloath vntothe toppe ofthe
head inthe night time.
The dung ofa young Affe when he is firft foaled, giuen in Wine tothe quantity or mag-
nitude of a Beane, is a prefent remedy foreyther man or Woman who is troubled with the
Jaundice orthe ouer-flowing of the gall : and the fame property haththe dung of a younge
horfe or Colte when heeis new foaled. But the dunge ofan olde borfe, being boiled in
faire water, and afterward {trained and fo given tothe party to drinke, who is troubled with
Water in his belly or ftomacke, doth prefently make vent for the fame.
There is alfo an excellent remedy againft the Collicke and ftone, which isthis, to takea
handfull ofthe dung ofa liorfe which hath bene fedde with Oates and Barley, and not with
graffeand mingle verye vvell it with halfea piute of Vine all which 1 do geffc willamount
vnto the waight of eighteene ounces, and then boyle them altogether vntil halfe of them
bee boyled orconfumed away, and then drinke the fame by little and littlevntil it beeall
m ns will be much better for the partythatistroubled to. drinke it vp altogether
if hebeable- ,
There
To
20
bi
40
Of the Hyena. ^ 7 435
_ There is moreouer a very goodand eafie way by horfe-dung to cure the Ague or quar- AZareellus
terne feauer, which is thus,tobutne the aforefatd dung, and to mingle the very duftit felfe
thereof in old wine, and then beatit vnto {mall powder, and fo giueit vato the party who is
| troubledtherewith, to drinke or fuck without any water in ic, and this wil very fpeedily pro-
|! . cureeafeand helpe.If thata woman fuppofeth her childe whichis in hir wombeto be dead, Pliny
| lether drinke the milt or {pleene of ah orfe infome fweet water, notto the {me!, burro the
| taft, and fhe wil prefently caftthe childe. The fame vertue is iri the perfume which is made
|. ofahorfes hoof,as alfo in the dry dung ofa horfe; There are fome which do vfethis means p,
| : Á PS 3 1 . E IU yt
|. againft chefalling ficknes, or the ficknes called Saint Iohns euil, thatis to mingle the water
| yo OF vrine whicha horfe doth make with the water which commieth from the Smiths trough,
and fo togiue it the party ina potion: Thereis avery good helpe for cattell which do void
- blood through their Noftrils or fecret parts which isthis, to makea paaft of Wheat-flower £ppiricus.
and beat itand mingleit togither with Butter and Egges in the vrine ofa horfe which hath
lately drunke, and afterward to giue that paaftorpoultes baked euen into aflies to the beaft
‘fo grieved.To provoke vrine when a mans yardis ftopt;there is nothing {o excellent as the
dung or filthe which proceedeth from the vrine whicha horfe +hath made, being mingled
with wine,and then ftrained, and afterwards poured intothe noftrils of the party fo vexed.
There are certaine Tetters or Ring-wormes in the knees of horfes, and alittle abone the
| hooues in thebending of thefe parts, there areindurate and hardned thicke skins,which be- Dia(Corsdes
iae ing beateninto {mall powderand mingled with Vineger, and fo drunke, arean exceeding
| good preferuatiue againft the falling ficknes: the fame is alfo a very good remedy forthem Gakz.
which are bitten with any wilde Beaft whacfoeuer.By the Tetter or Ring-worme which gro-
weth in ahorfesknees or aboue the hoofes beaten and mingled withoyle, andfo poured
in the eares,theteeth of either man or woman which were weake and loofe, will be made ve-
| ry ficongand faft-The aforefaid Tetter without any mingling with oyle, doth alfo heal and p//.
cure the head-ache and falling ficknes, in either man or woman. The faine alfo being drunk
out of Clarret Wine or Mufcadel forforty daies togither, doeth quite expeland criuea-
| way the collicke and ftone. Ifthatany man do get and putte vp the fhooc of a horfe beeing
ftroake from hishoofeas hetrauaileth in his pace which doeth many times happen, itwil 44%
1) so bean excellent remedy for himagainftthe fobbing in the ftomacke called the hicket.
OF THE HY ANA, AND THE
| diners kindstbereof. ——
V RA f Earenoweto difcourfe ofa Beaft whereof it is doubtful whether the
CL HE) names or the kindes thereof bee mere in number, andtherefore to
ok begin with the names, it f. ecmeth to me in general, that itis, thefame «phe names
we, Beaft which is fpoken of in holy fcripture, and called Zeeb-ereb, and andother’
"P x I ; encral acci-
GSC Araboth.Zepham.3 Principes vrbis Hierofolyma velut Leones rugientes, VE
I
9 indices eins fimiles [unt lupis Ve[pertinis quio[fa non relinqunt ad dilu-
QJ culum : Their Princesare roaring Lyons, and their iudges are like to
| e S/S da night-wolues which leaue not the bones til the morning ;as itis vul- pL ME |
|, garly tranflated.In like fort Ier.Cap, 5 ,calleth them Zeeb- 4rabosth, Wolues of the wilder- | JT. E
nes,and the Prophet Habbakuk.Cap.1 .vfethithe word Zeeb-ereb, Wolues of the cuening. i: eee fi) |
By which it is made eafieto confider and diftuffe whatkinde of Beaftthis Hyzna may be ; p n "MT
deemed : forthe Hyznaas I (bal fhew you afterward, is a Greek word. And firftof afl ve net aw
terly feclude al their opinions, which tranflate this word Arabian wolues, for the Hebrew i aM
notes cannot admit fuch a verfion or expofition : Butfeeing we read in Oppianus and Tzet- | n
zes,that there are kinds of Wolues which are called Harpages, more hungry thenthe refi- AEN ME
5^ due, living in Mountains, very iwift of foot & in the Wintertime,comming to the gates of ean
Citties,and devouring both flefh and bones of every lining creaturethey canlay hold on, l rt E
|. efpecially Dogs and men, andin the morning go away againe from their prey, Itake them | : MN
to be the famebeafts which the Grxcians cal Hyenz,which is alfothe nameofafifhe much — oe SO DE
like ia nature hereunto It is alfo called Glanos,and the Phrygians, and Bythinians Ganos, & ORT |
Pp 2 from M | Hy
WW
oe <
Sd
Sa UEM
The Hiflorie of Foure-faoted Beafts.
froin one ofthefe came the Ilitian ot sclauonian word San,and itfeémeth that the Greci-
ans haue gitien itaname from Swine, becaufe of the griftles growing on the back, foran
Hyzna canhaue no better derivation then from Has or Hyn. Iulius Gapitolinus callethit
Bélbu; in Latine; in the fame place where he cecordethithatthere were decem Belbi Jub Gor-
diano ten Hyenaesin the daies of Gordusius:And the realon of this nameis not improbably
| Abbertus.
Hreronimus d
eAAriftotle,”
Oppianus
The feveral
Parts.
Pliny
Solus
Albertus,
af
iconie&ture we may addea forth; called Atantychorai 1031 (952990
‘deriued from Belba a cittie of Egypt. Pintimes a learned man calléth it Grabthier ; becaufe
it hunteth the fepulchers ofthe deád /albertus in ftead of Hyzria;calleth it soma, The Ara-
bians‘cal it Knbo,8¢-Zabo, or Ziba;and Azaro.1 take italfo to be the fame beaft which iscal-
led zacfa,ard 4na,and Zilie, becaufe that which is reporte d of thefe is true inthe Hyz-
na, they frequent graues hauing (harp teeth,& long nailes, being very fierce; lining toge.
10 |
ther in'heardsarid flocks; and loning thiéit own kind moft tenderly; but moft pernicious
and hatefullto all other, being very crafty to fet vponafit prey defending it felfefiom the
rage of {tronger beats by their teeth & nailes;or elfe byflight or running away. Wherfore
we hauing thus expreffed the name we will handle'the kinds which I'findeto betliree, the
firft Hyéna,the fecond Pape or Dabab, the third Crotata and Lewerocuta, whereunto by:
THE FIGVRE OF THE FIRST HYv£W A. |
EE
] His firftand vulgar kind of Hyzna is. bred in Afftickeand Arabia, being
in quantity of body like a wolfe,but much rougher haird, for it hath briftles
like a horffés maneall along his back, and the middle of his backe isa little
crooked or dented,the colour yellowith, but befpeckled onthe fides with
blew {pots, which make him looke more terrible,as ifit hadfo many eies.
“The cies change their. colourat the pleafure of the beaft,athoufand timesa day,for which
caufe many ignorant writers haueaffirmed thefame of the whole bod ys yet can lie not fee
one quarter fo perfe&ly in the day asin thenight;& therfore heis called Lupus vefpertinus
a wolfe ofthe night. The skilful zapidarif?s of G ermany affirme that this beaft hath a ftone
in his cies Cor rather in his head) called Hyena or Hyenins but theancientsfay thatthe ap-
ple or puple ofthe eicis turnd into fücha fione;& thatit isindued with thisadmirable qua
lity, that ifa man lay it vnder his tong, he fhalbeable to foretell and prophefic ofi things
to come,the truth hereofIleaue to the reporters. Pheir back-bone flretchethit felfe outto
fore whenfoeuer hehath occafion to wry his necke, he mutt {apply that quality by remo-
uing of his whole bodie. tt
their feare. The genital memberis like a dogs or wolues ; and Imaruaile vpon what occa-
^. fionthe
39;
49
$0
thehead, fo asthe necke cannot bend except che whole body be turnedabout; and ther- »
'"Ihis Beafthath a very grcat hartas all other Beaffs haue which are hurtful,by.reafonof
| | Of tbe Hyena. 435 i n
the writers haue beene fo poffeffed with opinion thatthey ehange fexes, and are fomtime Ariforle ik
| maleandanother female, that is tofay male one yeare, and female another,according to Wher | |
| thefc verfes 5 iod yout |
Coo Sitamen efl aliquid mira nonitatis in iflis |
| Alternare vices d* qua modo foemina tergo. PIT
E. Paffa marem eft nunc e[Je marem miremur Hyenam, TUI
| Both kinds haue vnder their tailesa double note of paflage, inthe male there is afciffure Ow. » 4j
| Wkethefectets of a femal, & in the femal abunchlike the tones of the male,but nether on |
| | norotherinward,butonely outward 5 and exceptthis hath giuen caufe of this opinion, I |
| ro cannotlearrie the ground thereof: onely Orws writeth, that there is afi(he of this name 4,5, 1
| .— which turneth fexe, and peraduentute fome men hearing fo much of the fifh, might mi-
| flake it more eafilye for the foure-footed-beaft, and applye itthereunto. Thefeengen- Their procre
| der not onely among themfelues, but alfo with Dogs, Lyons, Tygers, and Wolues, fot dm.
| * the £theopian Lyon being couered with an Hyzxna beareth the Crocsza. The Thoes of
| whom we fhallfpeake more afterward, are cenerated betwixt this beaft and a Wolfe : and
indeed itis not without reafon that God himfelfe in holy fcripture calleth it by the name
ofa Vepettine Wolfe Íeeing it refembleth a Wolfe in the quantity colour, in voracity and
P^ gluttoning in offle(h, in {ubtilty to onercome dogs and men, even asa Wolfe doth filly |
fheepe. Their teeth are in both beafts like fawes, their genitals alike; and both ofthem be- The Vs
20 ing hurigry range & prey inthe nightfeafon. | pba qiu
E j (ru. s pe tural propere TE UT
This is accounteda moft fubtill and crafty beaftaccording to the allüfiue faying Of ties of this m
GONG Lie iM Me Ra C UE eI IT uu eda aui ect.
ET ERUIT
= =
——
m
DAE on
Maptuan. gi Bie q l br i
Efl ineis Pietas Crocodilia ftutia Hyena, * "i ps E uU
| d : s Solfous "SRM
| — .Andthe female is far more fubtill then the male, and therefore more feldo me taken, for | | oM
* they areafraid of their own company. It was conftantly affirmed thatamong eleuen Hy- i RU n
senes, there was found but one female, it hath beene beleeued in ancient time that there is n
in thisbeafta magicallor enchanting power, for they write, that about what creature fo- 4
euer he goeth routid three times, itfhall ftand ftone-ftill and not be ableto mooue out of i |
theplace : andif Dogs do but come within the compaffe oftheir (haddow and touchit,
3o they prefently loofetheir voice: and that this fhe dooth moft naturally inthe ful moone. Aeianas
foralthough the fwiftneffe or other opportunity ofthe Dogges helpeththem to fly away phics. e
fron her; yetifíhe can but caft her (hadow vpon them, fhe eafily obtaineth het prey. She Tu
can alfo counterfeitá mans voice, vomit, cough,and whiflle,by which means in the night pn
time (he commeth to houfes or foldes where Dogs arelodged, and fo making asthough r
fhe vomited,or elfe whiftling,draweth the Dogs out of doors to her and deuoureth them. Soliats. Pan
|. Likewifeher natureis, if fhe finda man ora Dog onfleepe, (he confidereth whether fhee Aelianus, HM
| or he haue the greater body, if fhe, then fhefalleth on him, and either with her weight,or i
| fomefécret worke ofnature by ftretching her body vpon himkilleth him, or maketh him ad
fenceleffe; whereby without refiltance fhe eateth off his hands: but if fhefind her body Lr
| gp tobefhorteror leffer then his,then fhe taketh her heeles and flyeth away. ^ viiam
| ; Ifa man meet with this beaft he muft not fetvponit ontheright hand, but onthe lefte,
|" for ithath bin often feene, that when in haft it did run by the Hunter on the right hand; h¢
| prefently fel off from his horfe fenceleffe; and therefore they that fecure themfelues from r
| thié beaft, mutt be carefull to receiué him on the left fide, that fo hee may with more fa- 1
cility be taken, efpecially (faith Pliny) if che cords wherein he is to be enfnared be faftned |
with (euen knots, Aelianusteporteth of them, that one of thefe comming toa manafleep a i
| ina fheép-coat, by laying het left hand or forefooteto his mouth made or cafthim intoa i jis
| dead (eep, and afterward digged about him fucha holelikea graue, as fhee couered all mu NT,
| his body ouer with the earth, except his thtoatand head, whereupon fhe fat vncill (hefi uf- d Ib
|. focatedand ftidedhim: yet Philesattributeth this toher right foote. Thelikeis attribu- m harm
] o ted toa Sea-calfe;andthe fith Hyzna,and thereforethe old Magicians by reafon ofthis i T E
eamiriating property, did not a little glory iathefe' beafts;as if they had beene taught by 3 uM
thenito exercife diabolicalland praeftigious incantations, wherby they deprined men of. ©)" ELM
| «fence, motion,and reafon, They are great enemiesto men, and for this caufe Solinus re- EL eres |
| porteth of them, that by fecretaccuftoming themfelues to houfes or yardes, where Car- . ) i
Ep:3 penters
i Saree ad
436 — Lhe Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
penters or fuch mech nicks worke, they learne to call their names, and fo will come be-
ing anhungred and callone of them with a diftin& and articulate voyce, whereby he
caufeth the man many times toforfake his worke and goeto fee the perfon calling him ;
| but che fubtill Hyzenagoeth farther offjand fo by calling allureth him from helpe of com-
er Lx: - ;
49* —— Pbany,andakerward wnen fhe feeth time deuoureth him, and for this caufe hir proper
Epithite is Aemulavocis, V oyce counter-fayter. |
Aelianus There is alfo great Batred betwixt a Pardall and this beaft,forif after death their skins
Therenmi. be mingled together the haire falleth offfrom the Pardals skinne, but notfrom the Hyz-
Pm na; andtherefove when thc Egyptians defcribe a fuperiour man ouercome by an infe-
Orus riour, they. pi&ute thefe two skinnes, and fo greatly arethey afraide of Hyznaes, that
they runne from all beafts, creatures and places, whereon any part of their skinne is fa-
ftened :And eliazus faith, thatthe 15/5 bird which liueth vpon ferpents is killed by the
all of an Hyzna. / |
. .. Hethat willgo fafely through the mountaines or places of this beafts aboade,Rafis& — |
The psmsll Albertus fay that hee muft carry in his banda roote of Coloquintida. Itisalfo beleeued
skinnes, —— thatif aman comipaffe his ground about with theskinne ofa Crocodile,an Hyzna, or
Palau: — a[ea-Calfe, and hang it vp in the gates ot gaps thereof, the fruites enclofed fhall not be
Rafis molefted with haileor lightning. And for this caufe Mariners were wont to couer the
Plutarch . tÓps of their failes with the skianes of this beaft orof the Sea-calfe ; and Aorus fayth,
that a man clothed with this skinne may paffe without feare or daunger through the mid-
deft of his enemies :-for which occafion the Egyptians doe pi&ture the skin ofan Hyzna ia |
to fignific fearelefic audacitie. Neither haue the Magitians any reafon to afcribe this
to any preftigious enchauntment,feeing that a figge tree alfo is neuer oppreffed with
hailenor lightning. |
- Andthietrue caufe thereof is affigned by the Philofophers to bethe bitterneffeof it, — |
(lus forthe influence of the heauens hath no deftru&tiue operation vppon bitter but vppon
| fiweetethings and thereis nothing fweete ina figge tree but onely the fruite. Alfo Coln-
mella writeth, that if a man putthree bu(hels of feede graine intothe skinne of this beaft |
andafterward fowethe fame, without all controuerfie it will arife with much encreafe. |
| Gentian worne inan Hyznaes skin feuen daies in fteedeof anamuletis very foueraigne P"
.. agaiaftthebiting ofmad dogges. And likewife ifa man hold the tongue of an Hyzna ià 3nd
his band, there is no dogge that dareth to feizevpon him, Theskinneoftheforehead;or |
the bloud of this beatt, refifteth all kind of witchcraft and incantation. Likewife Pliny
writeth,that the haires layed co womens lips, maketh them amorous. And fo great isthe
yanitie of the Magicians,that they are not afhamed to affirme that by the tooth of the vp-
per iaw of this beaft on the right fide bound vnto a mans arme or any part thereof, he
hall neuer be tnolefted with dart or arrow. |
Likewifethey (ay thatby the genital of this beaft,and thearticleofthebacke-bone which |
is called Atlantios, withthe skinne cleauing vntoit preferued ina houfe, keepeth the fa-
mily in continuall concord, and aboueal other, ifaman carry about him the {malleft and
extreame gut of his intrailes, he (hal not onely be deliuerd from the Tyrany ofthe higher
powers; butalfoforeknowthe fucceffeand event of his petitions and futes in Law,
. olf his left footand nailes be bound vp together ina Linnen bagge, and fo faftned vnto
the rightarme ofa man, he fhal never forget whatfoeuer he hath heard or knoweth, And
ithe cutoff the right foot with the left hand and weare the fame, whofoeuer feeth him fhal
l fal in loue wid him, befides the Beaft. .Alfo the marow ofthe righ foot is profitable for a
bi Woman that loueth not her husband, if it beput into her noftrils s And with the powder
Eur ‘of theleft clawsthey which are anointed therwith,it being firft of al deco&ted in the blood
Dn ofa weafil, do falinto the hatred of al men. And if the nailes of any beafthee found in his
máwe after heis flain, it fignifieth rhe death offome of his hunters: And to conclude, fuch
dod is the folly of the Magitians, that they beleeue the tranfmigration of foules, not only out
E ur HM j - of onemaninto another, butalfo of man into Beafts.And therefore they affirm that their
UT ENT Paphiis men Symésand religious votaries departing life fend their foulesinto Lyons, and theirre-
The |
49:1
Altnarins |
Zoroaftres
Sie th Sele SV, sates OTN Sos cU al SE ee Sale E : E : ! E D sax E rei Ln NEN
= Se eae a JM ATTE LE. ex hes 4 Em. NC QS aires ie ito di oi Ld
EE r o, oe ERE = I a iN geri al aS Bin mem m tr eer pa = —
== ari x = <a — ES = - - = - s -— - = <a a nae = aS
5@
prn CHE Ei
I
=
I A pT ie sl — — - =
sages ot
ligious women.into Hyxnaes,
ee: " | ium
" 4 Bein a "nu x
A 0 Ae C ~
L » ih
5 ( NE Mt M / !
(v iBhsdÉ ^ if "st
h
T
| Of the Goate. 439
| 2
| The excrements or bones comming out ofthe excrements when it is killedare thought
| — tohauevertue inthem againft magicall incantations. And Democritus writeth,thatin
Cappadociá and Meffa, by the eating of the hearbe Therionarcha, all wilde beaftes fallinto a
deadly fleepe, and cannot be recoutred but by;the afperfion of the vrine ofthis beaft.
And thus much forthe firft kind, now followeth the fecond. . ,
| THE SECOND KIND OFHYANA
called Papio er Dabub.
Hisbeaftaboundeth neare C«/aría ia quantity refembling Mairie
|| a Foxe, but in wit and difpofition a Wolfe; the fafhion is, . bet.
being gathered together, for one ofthemto go beforethe
flockefinging or howling, and allthe reít , antwering him
with correfpondent tune ; In haire it refembletha Fox, &
their voices are fo fhrilland founding,that although they
be very remoteand farre off, yet do men hearethem as if
they wera hardby: And when one ofthem is flaine, the re- The lamen-
fidue flocke about his carcaffe, howling like as they made 2,4. ^
funeral! lamentation for the dead. - Albertus.
When they groweto bee very hungry by the conftraint of famine they enter into Bellenenjis.
the Graues of menand eate their dead bodyes, yet istheir flefhe in Syria, Damafeus, and iow is
Berutus,catenby men. Itiscalledalfo Randelos, Abenaum, Aldabha, Dabba, Dabab and ^—
Dhoboha
Y
—€——————————
AUSTRIE
zc
me The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Dheboha , which all derined from the Hebrew word Deeb or Deeba: Dabuh isthe Arabian .
Pho parts & Name, andthe Africans callhim Lefephe, his feete and legs are liketoamans; neither as ity d
nacurail dii- hurtfullto other beaftes being a bale andfimple creature. The colour of itis likesa Beare;
potition, ^ and>therefore I Iudge itto’be Arctocyon which is ingendred of a beareand adogeejand
they bare onely in the night time. They are exceedingly delighted with Muficke; fach
The manner as js vfedby pipes and tymbrels, wherefore when the huntershaue found ourtheircaues,
ole hats they {pred theirnets and fnares at the mouth thereof, and afterwards ftriking vp theit ia-
: ftcuments, the*feely beaft inconfideratof all fraude commeth out and istaken, the pic- — 18
ture hereof is formerly expreffed. Andthere wasonc of thefein Germanie in the yeere
of our Lord 1 5 5 1,at'the Citty 44/purgto be feene publikely. It wasbroughtout ofthe 112
wilderneffe of 7zdia, it did eate apples, peares, and other fruites of trees, and alfo bread,
but efpecially it delighted in drinking of wine : when it was an hungry, it climed vp into
trees, and did (hake the boughes to make the fruite fall, andit is reported, that whenit |
is inthe tree, it feareth notan Elephant, but yet auoydeth all other beaftes which it is |
not able to refift. It was of a cMearefull nature; butthen efpecially when it faw a woman,
whereby it was gathered that it was a luftfull beaft. His foure feete were deuided like a. — |
mans fingers, and the female euer bringeth foorth twins a male and a female together. |)
It continually holdeth vp his tayle fhewiag the hole behind , for at euery motion it — |
turneth that as other beaftes doth their head. It hath a fhorttayle, and but for that, I |
: fhould iudge itto bea kind of Ape, I know not whether it be that kinde of little VVolfe-
10 | |
which Bellonius faith aboundeth in Ciliciaand A/a, which inthe night time raueneth and 40)
commeth tothe bodies of fleeping men, takingaway from them their bootes, fhooes, |
caps, or bridles : whenthey are fhut vp inthenight timethey barkelike dogges, but be- — |
ing at libertie they liue two hundredin a company, fothatthereis no beaft fofrequent — |
as thefe in all Cilicia. S | |
As for the golden Woolfe fpeken of by Oppianus Y deferre the defcription of it to |
his due place, forthey are not all of one colour, and thus much ‘fhall fuffice for the fe-
condkinde of Hy«na. - |
OF THE CROCVTA.
2 He thirdkind ofthe Hy«za is called Crocuta not the Gulon 3
AQ) aforefaid but another different from that, whichis faidto |
297 be an Acthiopian foure-footed beaft, beeaufe it is ingen- |
v || dred betwixt a lioneffe andan Hyena. His teeth are all of
AY one bone, being very fharpe on both fides of his mouth,
TO andincluded in &e(hlike as in acafe, that they may notbe
«^| dulled with their teeth they breake any thing.It is faid alfo
by Sollinus chatit never winketh, &that their naturefeemeth
3| to be tempered betwixt a-dogee and a Woolfe, yet is it 491 3
7 ZH more fiercethen either ofboth,more admirable in ftrength, ||
. and efpecially of the teechand belly, haning power to breake and digeft any bone ; it icit |
ra tethalfo the voice ofa man to deuour them, as is faid before inthe Hyzna. 23! |
In the Region Dichinabades, whichisa mediterranean Country in the Eaft, containing |
greatand high mountaines. Amongft other wild Beafts, are abundance ofthefe Crocutaes, | |
and at the marriage of A4zosius the fonne of Seuerus the Emperour to Plastilla,che dau gh- |
ter of Plautianus amongett the fpe&acles fet foorth for the delight ofthe beholders, wasa |
combat betwixt an Elephant and this beaft, which before thattime was neuer to be feene
at Rome (as Diez reporteth) and thus much for the fecond kind of Hyzena, except I may ad
EI 30)
The region
proportione
,and other
?T*qualities.
thereunto that Beaft which the Italians call Howpehatt, that is Lupus Catus, a NN olfe-cat, re- 59 |
femblingin face a cat with (harpe and harmefull clawes, being betwixta blackeand fpotted. ^19
colour,and was called an Indian wolfe, andthis was to be publickely eene, inthe Byfhops |
caftleat Trent. MEC
Wes d
ie
14 Y
Boy
eile
JUR
TER
y
hui
ful
B.
hi
in
!
M VU.
Vand
B
ba
T
i
i
ra
tM
a r
RM
nir
m
n j
i
ini
ASERRIS
———
=
e of the Mantichora.
d
X
Of the "Pitlure and [7
tmp Tg c eM cr cmi EE
n
3n uh his
/
X *
E Y fu
m z LN
— — if Ra =
SACS UN em IE
É m :
N
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WX
S
RN
ek SW D»
FANS i
SS
\
Ly
NN
Philes
The medici-
‘nal propertis
Galex
Rafe
Pliny
Pliny |
Albertus
Rafis
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Be afts.
OF THE MANTICHORA.
SFM His beaft or rather Monfler (as Ctefias writeth) is bred a-
]| mong the Indians, hauing a treble rowe of teeth beneath
and aboue, whofe greatneffe, roughneffe, and feete are like
a Lyons, his faceand eares like vntoa mans, his eies gray,
earth,armed witha fting,cafting forth {harp pointed quils,
his voice like the voice ofa {mall trumpetor pipe, being in
We all courfe as {wiftas a Hart; His wildnes fuch as can neuer be
S
E tamed, and his appetiteis efpecially to the fle(h of man.His
SS body like the body ofa Lyon, being very apt bothto leape
and to run, fo as no diftance or {pace doth hinder him, and I take it to bee the fame Beatt
which Awicen calleth Marion, and Maricomorion with her taile fhe woundeth her Hunters
whether they come before her or behind her, and prefently when the quils are caft forth,
new ones grow vp in their roome, wherewithal (he ouercommethall the hunters : and al-
though India be full ofdiuers raueping beafles, yet none of themare ftiled with a title of
Roa.
and collour red, his taile like the taile ofa Scorpion ofthe Te
Andropophagi, that is to fay, Men-eaters ; exceptonely this Mantichora. When the Indi- 29
ans takea VVhelp of this beaft, they all to bruife the buttockes and taile thereof, that fo it
may neuer be fit to bring fharp quils, afterwards it is tamed without peril. This alfo is the
fame beaft which is called Zeucrecuta about the bigneffe of a wilde Affe, being in legs and
hoofes likea Hart, hauing his mouth reaching on both fides to his eares, and the head &
face of a female like vnto a Badgers. It is called alfo Martioraywhich in the Perfian tongue
fignifieth a deuonrer of men,and thus we concludethe ftory of the Hyzena forher defcrip-
tion,and her feuerallkindes now followeth the medicines arifing out of herfeuerallpartes.
The Medicines of the Hyena. 7
The Oylein which a Fox is baked cither aliue or dead, doth either altogether cure and
make whole thofe whichare troubled with the gout,if lo bethat the difeafe or fickneffe be
greene or new, or at the leaftnot ofto longe continuance, it doeth fo cure them, that al-
though it may happen to returnéagaine : yet it will be much more milde and gentle then
before it hadbeene. But the oyle which proceedeth from Foxes doth nothing more driue
away the forenamed difeafe, thenthat which likewife is gor or prepared out of the Hyz-
na5 forthat hath an excellent and eminent quallity of diffoluing & difperfing. The flefh
of the.4/zabo is both what and cold, and being baked with oile, doth very much help ey-
ther men or women which haue their feet gouty, or hauc any paine intheir ioynts, which 40 |),
may happen or come by the occafion ofcolde : for it isofa flenderand diffolutefub-
ftance.
The vanity of the Magi or NVife-men which is witty in nothing but in circumftance
of words, doth fay that the beft time to take Hyzenaes is when the Moone paffeth ouer the
figne called Gem, and that for the moft part the haires bee allkeptand preferued. The
Magi do alfo affirme that the skinne of an Hyena being fpread vpon a fore which was bit-
ten by a mad Dogge, doth prefently and without any paine curethe fame. The fame alfo |
being bound tothat part ofthe head , which doth ake, will imediately driue away the pain
and gricfe thereof. |
Thefame doth very effe&ually and fpeedily helpe them which are troubled with the’
gout, or {welling in the ioyntes . The flower of Barly being mingled withtheblood ofan
Hyzena,and fryed or bakéd ouer the fireand fo taken, doth very much affwage the wring-
ings and wrinchings either in the guts or belly of aman or woman.If the blond of an Hy-
ana being whot be annointed onthem which areinfe&ed with the Leprofie, it will with-
out delay very effe&ually curethem. | '
The
$e
ae
I|
| 4o
Of the Hyena.
443
The Hyznes fleth being eaten doeth much auaile againft the bitinges of rauenous
Dogs :butfome are of opinion thar theliuer only being earenis of more force and pow-
er to cureor healethem. The Nerues or finnewes ofan Hyzna being beaten to finall
owderand dried and mingled with and Frankincence, together and fo drunke, dothre- Pius
ftore fertility and plenty of feedeinthat woman which before was batren.
There is alo for the biting ofa ranenous dog another excellent remedy, which is this,
firftto annoint the place fo bitten with the fat or greace ofa Sea-calfe, or elfe to giue it in
drinke,and then to makethe operation more effe&uall mingle the marrow of an Hyxna,
and oile that commeth from the Mafticke tree and waxe together, andbeing fo applyed
ro 2dannointed vpon the fore it will prefently cure the fame. The fame marrow of the Hy-
genais very good and effeGtuall againftthe paine and griefe in the finnewes,asalfo forthe
" loofeneffe and weakeneffe of the raines. . :
The marrow which proceedeth from the Chine-bone ofan Hyzna, being mixed with
his galland old Oylealtogether, and{o boiled vntillthey come vnto a fott temperance,
and mollifiyng medicine, being annointed vpon the finnewes, doth expelland force awa
allpaine of griefe thereof whatfoeuer, The fame marrow being bound vato the backe of
either man or woman who arettoubled with vaine fantafies or dreams in their fleep, doth
very fpeedily and very effe&tually help them. The fat or greace ofan Hyzena being burnt;
doth driue away all venemous Serpentes from the place where it is fo vfed.
1o Thefamebeing mingled with leauen and fo being wrought intoa plaifter is a very good
cureor remedy for the falling of the haire, or the difeafe called the Foxes euill. The left
part ofthe braine ofan Hyzna being annointed vpon the noftrils of either menor beafts
is of fuch vertue that it will cure difeafes vpon them which are in maner mortall. Forthe
fterility or barrenneffe of women, the eye ofan Hyzna being mixed with Lycoras, and
the hearb called Dill, and fo taken in drinke, is offüch force and power,that in three daies
it will make them fitfor conception.
The teeth ofan Hyzna either touched or bound in order vnto theteeth ofany man or
woman who aretroubled with the tooth-ach, will prefently eafe the paineand vexation
thereof. One of the great teeth ofan Hyznabeing bound with a ftring vhto any that are
o troubled in the night tims with fhadowes and fantafies, and which are frayed out of their
fleepe with feareful viftons doth very fpeeaily and effe&ually procurethem eafe and reft.
The tooth of an Hyzena (called Alzabo) being bound vppon therightarme ofany one
which is either obliuous or forgetfull, and hanging downe from the arme vnto the mid-
dle finger or wrift, doth renewand refre(htheir decayed memory. | |
The pallat ofan Hyzena being dryed and beaten to powder,and then mingled with
Egyptian Allum,and fo madéwhot and mixed altogether, being three times turned ina-
ny ones mouth which hath either fore or vicer in it,will in fmaltime procurethem reme-
dy and help of their vexation and trouble. The flefh which groweth vpon the hinder part
ofthe necke being burned and then eaten or taken in drinke, doth very fpeedily helpe and
curethe griefeandaches of the loines. | |
The fhoulders likewife being vfed in the aforefaid maner, doth profit much for the hea-
ling of any who are vexed with any anguifh or paitie in their fhoulders orfides. Thelungs
being dryed and taken in drinke, do eafe any either man or woman whichis troubled with
the Collick or ftone. But being dryed into powder and mingled with Oyleand fo annoin-
ted vponthe beily, it killeth the wormes and expelleth allaches away from the belly. The
Hart being vfed in the aforefaid manner and taken in drinke, doth eafe and help all aches,
paines, or griefe in the body whatfoeuer. The white flefh being taken from the breaftof
an Hyena, and feuen haires, andthe genitall ofa Hart,being bound altogether in the skin
or hide of a buck ora Doe, and afterwards hanged about the neck ofa woman which is in
o trauell, will greatly hinder her for bringing forth her child.
Ifther (hal be any fleth or bones of men foundin the body ofa dead Hyzna,being dried
and beaten to powder, and then mixed witha certaine perfume, they will bee very excel-
lent to help the gout,or driueaway the conuulfion of the finewes. The kell or caule wher-
in the bowels are contained, being vfed in the aforefaid manner andalfo mixed with oile
will be a prefent remedyagainfttheburnings and inflamations of eiie JH
cers, | 1c
Pliny,
Democritt
Myrepfus
Albertus
e
Ep Iu tbt 43 AM OE:
Se D SEE. SSS -
d
444 DIS Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafs.
The chine bone of an Hyzena being brufedand beaten into fmall powder, and fo dried,
and then mingled with the rongue and theright foot of a Sea-calfe,the gall ofan Oxe be-
. ing added thereunto,and allofthem boiled or baked togither, and annointed vppon the
Póy. .' hideorskinneofan Hyena, and fo lapped about the leggesor ioyntes of them whichare
troubled with the gout, will in fhort time eafe che paine, and ridde them akogether ofthe
greefe thereof. D
The chine-bonebeing alfo beatento powder and giuen in wineto diinke, is very pro- Ü
&tableandneceffary for thofe whichare in fore trauaile or paine of childe-birth. The firfte |t
or eighth rib of the famebeaft being beatenand mingled witha certaineperfume, is very
oodand medicinable for foresand botcheswhich do breake thorough the flefh. E
Their defh alfo being eaten, doth quickly cureand healthebitingsortearings ofara- | ‘i
nenous Dogge, but theliuer being fo vfed is more effectuall and fpeedy; forthe curinge |:
thereof. The liuer ofthe aforefaide beaftis alfo very curable for Agues or Quarterne fca-
uers being beatentopowder and drunke in Wine, beforethe augmentation or fecondaf- |)!
faults thereof, The fame alfo is an excellentand fpeedy remedy forthewringings &aches |
Diofcorides, ofthe belly, asalfo for that grieuous and painefull difeafecalled the collicke anditone. For |
the fame difeafes, the gall ofa Sea Scorpion, and ofa fifh called H«laps,and ofafeacrabbe |)
and of an Hyzna, being beaten to powder,and mixed together, and fo drunkein Wine,is | 41
avery good and effe@ual cureand help. The gall ofan Hyzena, by it felf alone being rubd I.
| Marcellus oy anointed vponthe head ofeyther man or woman whofe hairesare fallen off, doth pre- ,4 | d
fently procure the haireto renew and growagaine, it will alfo bring haire vpon the cie-lids, if
being rubbedthereupon. a
The gal ofan Hyena being mingled with hony, and annointed vpon the elessdoth fhar- | 4
pen and clearethe eye-fight,and expell and driue away alblemi(hes and final skins which - |f
couer the fight of the eye, as alfo the paine in the cies called the pinne and thewebbe. But |
Apollonius Pitanaus doth fay, that the galota Dog being vfedin theaforefaide manneris — |
better to cure the fight of the cies then the gal ofan Hyena. Bnt Pliny whom I thinke beft
to follow,and worthieftto bebeliewed,doth beft allow ofthe Hyznaes galfortheaforefaid — |
purpofe,andalfo for the expelling of certaine white fpottes inthe eie which dochinderthe — 4
Marcellas, fight thereof. al
_ The gall ofaBeare andofa Hyzna, being dried and beaten to pouder, and fo mixed il
with the beft hony which is poffible to bee had, andthen ftirred vp and downe along time |
togither, doth helpe them vnto their eye-fight which are ftarke blinde, if that it bee dailye
annointed and fpred vppon the eies for areafonable fpace together : The gall ofa Hyzna — 4
being baked ina crufe of Athenian hony, arid mingled with the crooked hearbe Crocis,and 9
Md {o annointed vponthe browes or forehead of them which are purblind doth fpeedily helpe^ 4|
Pliny. them; it doth alfo eafethem which are troubled with the water or rheume which falleth in 1
the cies. Democritué doth alfo affirme that if the brow of either manor woman beannoin- ||
tedwith the gall ofan Hyzena onely it will driue away all darkeninges, andblemifhes, in | 7,
the cies, and expell the Water or rhewme thereof, andalfo affwage the paine or ereefe 4c i;
whichmay come or happen inthem whatfoeuer it be. | m
The marrow which proceedeth from the chine-bone ofan Hyzna,being mixed with his
Marcellus O"n€ gall,and with old oile, and then baked or boiled ina crufe vntill it come vnto a tem-
perate and mollifying medicine, and then being laid ot annointed vppon the finnewes or
Nerues who is in thofe parts troubled, wil thoroughly heale and cure any default or paine
which may hapen thereunto. The gal ofa male Hyena being pounded or beaten and bound
about the left thigh ofany woman that is barren, dothhelp for conception. The gal of the
{ame beaft being drunke in wine tothe value ofadram, with the deco@tionorliquor which |
commeth from Spike-Lauender called oyle of fpike, is avery good remedy and helpe a-
gainft the timpany or {welling of the belly. The gall alfo being beaten and mixed with the 5 |
(tone called Eat-fléth,is very good & profitablefor them which are trobled withthe gout.
The milrofan Hyzena is very effectual to cure and heale any paine orgreefe inthe miltof
n, either man or woman. The lunges being dryedand beaten to powder, and mingled with
oile,andannointed vponthe loynes ofany one who is greeued or troubled in thofe places,
willfpeedily cure the Aches or gricfes thereof.
crpeeecr uu ee e. s eA
DEAE
MT
J
il
Hit
Hl
AM
i
V
|
Gallen
|
[
|
if
The
E — fome cleaneveffell, and:mixedwith oyle which proceedeth from the pulíe or corne of In- |
E arcfullof care and griefo "The fecret partes ofa femal Hyzna beatep and mixed with the
“The bladder ofan Haa being drunkeinwine,isa very good and effe&uall remedy a- |
gainflthe incontinency.of man or womans vrin,or thé running oftheraines. Burifthere Marcellus if
beany vrine inthe blader of the Hyznatound when he istaken,lerit be pouredforth into
diaand fo drunke vp; and it will much eafeand help them whoare troubled in mind, and
|. find orskin ofa Pomgranate and taken in drinke is very profitable to cure theinconueni-
|». ences of paine ofa womans {ecret parts. ;
| 4 The genirallofa male Hyznadryed and beaten to powder, being mingled with a cer-
ls
| ate fatid-blind, and fuchas haue botches and fores breaking through the skin and fle(h,
| andalfofuchasare troubled with inflamations or bréedings of windeintheir bodies,on- — | TUM
4
|. lyby touching and rubbing them ouer.
| | The durtor dung whichis found inthe interior partes ofan Hyzna, being burned;and .
dry ed into powder ando taken in drinke is very medicinable and curable for thofewhich ~
- arc grietied with painful excoriatious and wringings ofthe belly;andalfo forthofewhich a
|. are troubled with the bloody-flixe. And thefamebeing ‘mingled with Goofe-greafe and -
| "^ annointedSuer all the body of either man or woman, wil eafethem of any paine or gricfe —
Iae which they haue vpon their body -whatfoeuer. The dung or filth ofan Hyznaalfobeing —— jn |
mingled with certaine other medicins, is very excellentto cure and heale the bitesand ;.:
ftingings of crocodiles and other venemous Serpents. The dung it felfe is alfo very good... l
| tópurgeand heale rotten wounds, and fores which are full of matter, and flthycorrup- =~ : pi
| tion. bs T t. T ü
I- B OF THE IBEX. < i
E ! 7. E)
I [e UEIPULT TE EDS His beaft Deuter. the 14. is called Ako, and is there reheat- . b
30 lidem ETWAS fed among the clean beafts,which although theSeptuagints
tranflate Tragelaphus, yet wee haue fhewed already in that Ofthe name —
ftory ;thàt it cannot ftand with the meaning of the Holy-
ghoft; becaufe that beaft is found nowhere but nearethe ry-
uet Phafis, orm Arabia (as Pliny and Diodorus.write: ) & be- |
fides the Chaldey tranflation hath Jaela,the Perfians Katz. q |
|
suse,
v A
E v UG
GHD i
^ y
ks
jotuwthe Arabians Ohal,all which by Abraham Ezra,and —
Rabbi Salomon,and many otherof the learned lewes, arein- .
terprered to beethe Zbex, which ofthe Germansis called
M — Steinbock,'and theFemale ofthe Heluetiansis called rb/cben and Yb/chgeif/, which words BI a |
| feemethto be deriued from the Latine word Zbex and the Cifalpine French, which {peak ; i
| Italiani; dwelling about Millan, re tain the German word for the Male, buttheFemal bya lj
proper word they call Ve[tua ,and fo alfo doe the Rhetians. The Tranfalpine French Boxe ::
effane , the Illirians Kozeroziecz, and fomelatine Authors call him Capricormus. The Grz-. jc aionet
| cians zxales and Aeigoceross Althogh I haueneuer read Capricornus to fignifica beaft but Capricornus
| onelya für, excepting fome poetical Gramarians who affirme this beaft robe a monfter
| ofthe Sea, aad that Pan when he fled out of Egypt with other Gods from Typhox the Gi-
| ant, their great enemy, caft himfelfe into the water, aud was tranfformed into this beaft.
| Butyupiter admiring his wit, placed him among the ftars neare to Leo, according tothis
| Humidus Aeigoteras nec plus Leo tollitur vrua, e
bi f his Capticorne to be placedamong the flarresby '
|^ Althoughtherebe fome that affirme, this Capricorne to be placedamong tae warTes. Y. |
| — Jupiter ,becaufe hee was nurfed with him. And that pan hath his hinder partes likea fifa i
and his fore part likea Goar, according to thefe verfes :.
UE Tum gelidum valido de pecore frrgus anhelans, i
Corpore femifero, magno capricornus in orbe.
|
: ‘ Qq Where-
|
|
taine perfume, doth cure and s thofe which are troubled with the crampe,and conuul- i ! \
fion of the finnewes. The feete of an Hyzena being taken doth heale and curethofe which pjogorndes "M
camo tm
verfe: -dialdmoter yh aa
7 M.
\ KS NN i
ee
i ANM |
dial Be dé rac! ee Mem
Wherefore by the fignes Cazcer and Capricornus the auncients were wont to vnderítand |
the defcending anda{cending of the foul: that is tofay,by the Cancer or crab which go-
ae eth backe-war d, thefoules defcent 5 by the Capricorn, (becaufe the Geat climbeth) the
Porphyrisss fouls afcent: :and therefore they placeitin the Zodiack, wherethe Sanne after the {hort
.... daies beginneth toafcend, forno other caufethen for that which Ihaue rehearfed. The
The attibu Epithetsthatare given votothis Capricorne, doealfóbelong vnto the Ibex, füch as are
Text, — thefe, moift,cold, fwift, horne-bearer, watery ,fnowy,wool-bearer, rough, briftly eared
horrible; fierce, tropicke, frowning, fhowring,threatning, black, and fuchlikesy “4.
To returne therefore vnto the Ibex, although I. doenot diflike the opinion of them, i
which takeittobe a wilde-goat, yet I hauereferued it into this place, becaufe of many e-
Their Coun ;minent differencesas may appeare by the ftorie. Firftthefeare bred in thealpes, andare
tries otbreed |. / É . :
and paites of Of an admirable celerity, although their heades bee loaded with fuchhornes, asno other
theirbedy. beafts of cheit ftature beareth. ForIdoread in Eu/farhins, that their hornes are fixteene
palmes longe; or fiue fpannes, and one palme, and fometimes feauen fpans, fuch wasthe
"horne confecráted at Delos, being two cubits anda fpanlong, and fix and twenty pounds
in weight, This beaft ( faith Pelsbis) in hisnecke and haire islike a Bucke-goat, bearinga
‘beard vader his chin of a {pan long, as thicke as a colts taile, and in other partes of his bo- sg
dy refembletha Hart. | j ; d
"Theol Itfeemeth chat his Hebrew name: Zaal/, is deriued of climbing, and (/rderus faith) |
eplaces .. 1 ; ee : .
eftheira- that Ibicesate qua/i Auites, that islike Birdes, becaufe like Fowles of the ayre, they
bode. enhabite the toppes of cliftes, Rockes, and Mounraines, farre. frons the viewe and
fight of men. Their hornes reach to-their Buttockes or Hippes, fo that if at anye
tire hee doe chaunceto fal, he cowcheth his whole bodice betwixt his hornes, to breake
the fironge forceand violence of his owne weight; andalfo heeis able to receiue v pon
| is
2349
Of ihe Ibex.
his hornsthe ftroks of great {tones whichare fhot or caft at him sthey are knotty and fhatp;
and as they encreafe in age fo do their hornsin Rrongneffeand other qualities vntil they
be twenty yeares old.
Thefe beafts inhabit and keepe their abedein thetops of thofe Mountaines, where the
yce neuer thaweth or diffolueth, for itloueth cold by nature, otherwife it would be blind, x. peneste
for cold isagreéable to the éie-fight and beauty. Itisa Noble beaft and very fat. In the of cold.
{mall headjand leane Legges, it refembleth a Hart, the eies a
colout'yellowith, his hoofe clouen and fharpe likewilde Goat
revery faire and bright, the
es. Itfarreexcelleth a wilde
Goate in leaping, forno man will beleeue how farre off, or what long fpace it will leape ex-
zo Copthefawit. For thereisno place fo fteep or cragged that ifitaffoord him butío much
fpace as his foot may ftand on but he will paffe ouerit witha very few iumpes or leapes,
447
Srumpriut,
Their (cueral
members.
The Hunters driue them tothe fmoothand high rockes/'and there they by 'enclofing Their taking
them take them in ropes or toyles, if they cannot comeneere him with fhot or Swords.
When the beaftfeerh his Hunter which defcendeth to him by fomeRocke, he obferueth
very diligently and watcheth if he cari fee any diftance or fpace betwixt him andthe rocks
yea, but fo much as his eye-fight can pierce through : and ifhe can, then he leapeth vppe
and getteth betwixt che Hunter and the rocke, arid fo cafteth him downe headlong and if
he can efpy no diftanceatall, then doeth he keepehis ftandin
place. © : iSt
2o Thehunting of this beaft were very plesfant; but that it is encombred with much las
g vntill hee be killed in that
bour and many perils,and the reforein thefe daies they kil them with Gunnes. Theinhab;-
tants of Valois (neere the Ryuer Seddnus) takethem intheir infancy when they are young
andtamethem, and vntill they be old chey are contented to goc and come with the tame
Goatesto pafture, but in their older and riper age they return
ture. ^. : xcd inj
eto their former VVilde na-
Ariffotle affirmeth thatthey couple or engendertogether(not by leaping vpó each other)
but ftanding vpright, vpon their hinder Legs, whereunto I cannot content, becaufe the
joynts and Nerues of their hinder Legges willnotbe ftretched tofuch a copulation ; and
it may bethat he or his relatour had {Eene them playing toget
her as Goates doe, ftandin
ao Vpright,and fo tookethat gefture in their paftime for carnall copulation. The female hath
leffe hornesthen the male, but a greater body, and her hornes are very liketo a Wilde
Goates.
Whenthis beaft fecleth infallible tokens of her death, and perceiueth that her end by
Their copula
tion,
Their beha-
uiour at their
escort
ws -- T z
= trae mnc iat eoe
fome wound or courfe ofmature approcheth, and is at hand, itis reported by the hunters, g.ch
that (he afcendeth tothetoppe of fome Mountaine or high rocke,and there faftenetli one :
of herhornes in the fame fteepe place, going round continually and neuer ftanding ftill,
ee reo ed
vntill fhe haue wornethat horneafunder,whereby {he ftayeth her felfe, and fo at length
atthe in ftantor point of death, breaking her horne, falleth down and perifheth. And be-
caufe they dye among the rockes, it falleth out {eldome that their bodyes are found, but
many times when the {now falleth from the Mou ntaines in greatand huge Mafies, it mce-
4° tech with a liuing /bex and other wilde beaftes,and fo oppreffing them driueth them down
to the foot of the hils or Mountaines,as it doth trees and {mall houfes, whichare built vp-
Pelasouiws.
on the fides of them. yj d" elagonitti
In Creetethey make bowes ofthe hornes ofthefe beaftes. And concerning their taking the ve B.
their hornes,
itis not to be forgotten how the hunter which purfuethher from one rocke to another ;is
forced many times for the fafegard ofhis ownlife,to forfake his ftanding, and to obferue
thebeaft when it maketh forceat him, and to rid himfelfe from danger of death by lea-
ping vpon his back, and taking faft hold onhis hornes, whereby he efcapeth. In the houfe
of Pompey wherethe memorable forreft of Gordianus was painted, there were amonge o-
: umph, for to makefpoile thereof at their owne pleafure.
Q32
therbeaítes,two hundred sbices, which Pompey gaue vnto the people at the day of histry-
The
- "
448. The Hiffory of Foure-footed Beas.
58.V33
vod: lieesitileup sco T be medicines of the Ibex. PODUMM
>
_. «Some do commendthe blood of the Ibexto bea very goodremedy againftthe ftone
i of the bladder, being vfed in this manner : firft, they deuide it ári partes, and put one part
of the blood, and about fome fixe parts of wine 4prat and Hony mixed together, and doe
boile them both together ukewarme, and afterwardes.they referue itinacleaneveffell, — |
and the third day inthe morning they giueitvntothe party todrinkewhoisgrieued;and. — |
thea they put him intoa Bath about noone time; and in the euening,and this order isto |
obferued for three daies together, for it will come to paffe thacin that fpacethe ftone will '*
027 bediffoluedandturnedinto fand or grauell, and foby that meanes will haue vent toge-
ther withthe viinle.. 34 sess, sca | DEOR wt
4 There is alfo bythe dung of theaforefaid beaft, an excelent remedy againft the Sciati-
¢caorhippe-gout, by which that moftexcellent Phyfitian 4u/onius himfelfe was healed,
and many other lying difperate of remedy, which is this 5 to gather the.dunge, of this
beaft in thé feuenteeneth day of the Moone, neither is it any great matter whether you
gather it infome part of che old Moone, for it wil haue thefameoperation: you fhal ther-
foretake as much of this dungas you can held in your hand or fiftat one time:fo thatthe
quantity of the dung be vnlike, and you fhall putitin amorterand beateittopowder, &
cafitwenty grains of pepper intothe fame fime, being very diligently pounded or brui. 7%
fed, andthen you fhall adde nine ounces of the beft hony vnto the aforefaid mixture,and
foure pounds of thebeft wine, and mixe the potion inthe mannerofacom pound wine,
andthe dung or durt being dryed and beaten firft, you fhall mingleall the reftand put
them together ina veffell made of glaffe, that when you haueanyneed youmayhauethe — |
medicine ready prepared, tocomforthimorher whichisfoafüi&ed. © =
OF THE ICHNEVMON
é ; 39 | 4
d t Arcellus and Solinus,doe make queflion of this beaft (ebseumem)to.— |
Me be akindofOtter, orthe Ottera kinde ofthis Zehuenmon, whichl
nis js iege f " find obe otherwife called Exydyos or Enhydrus, becaufeitliuethin
onthereof,. .
X water, & the reafon of this name Itake to be fetched ab jpfeffigando,
py becaufelikea dog or hunting-hound, it diligently fearcheth out the
y feates of wilde beafts efpecially the Crocodileand the Afpe,whofe
we. cegesit deftroyeth. Andfor the emnity vnto Serpents, itis called
; Ue Ophiomachus. Ifidorus is of opinion, that the name of this beaft in the
Greeke is giuen vnto it, becaufe by the fauour thereof, the venom and wholfomeneffe of
meates is defcryed. VVhereof Dracontius writeth in this manner : 49
... Predicit fuillus , vim euiu[eund, veneni.
_ The Ichneumonforetelleth the power, and prefence of all poyfon. And itis called suillasin La-
tine, becanfe like a hog, it hath briftles in ftead of haire ; Albertus alfo doth callit Neomon,
miftaking it for Jchnewmon., i
Hermolaus, — Therebefome that call itan Indian Moufe, becaufe there is fome proportion for fimi-
Gyliws. ^ Vitudeinthe outwarde forme betweene this beaft and a moufe. But it is certaine, that itis
bred in no other Nation but onely in Egypt, about the riuer Né/us,and of fomeit iscalled
Mus Pharonts, Pharoes Moule. For Pharo was acommon name to all the Egyptiankings.
~~ There befome that call it TAyamon,and Anfehycomon, and alfo Damula miftalang it for
that Weafell which isan enemy to Serpentes, called by the Italians Doxola: yet know 59
no learned man but taketh thefe two names, to fignifie two defferent Beaftes. The quanti-
The quanti. ty Ofit or ftature is fometimes as greate as a (mall Catte or Ferret, and thehaires of
ty and feue- jt hkethe haires ofa Hogge ; ‘the eyes {mall and narrow, which fignifie a malignantand
rall partes. crafty difpofition ; thetaile ofit very long like a Serpentes, the end turning vppealittle,
hauing
~ Albertus.
Dincentins,
16
28
>t
5°
Of the Ichneumon. — - 44.9
hauing no hairesbut feales, not much valike the taile ofa Moufe. Aelianus affirmetb, that —
both fexes beare young, hauing feed in themfelues whereby they conceiue, For thofe T heirprocre
that areouercome in combates one with another, are branded with a warlicke marke of fivhts one
Villanage, orfubic&ion to their Conquerors, and on the contrary fide they whichare con Vis ano-
quered and ouercome in fight, donot only make vafials of them whomthey ouercome, —*
butíntoken thereof for further punifhment, fillthem with their feede by carnall copula-
tion, fo puttnig off from themfelus to them, the dolours and Torments of bearing yong.
When itis angry the haires ftande vpright, and appeare ofa double. colour, bee-
ing white and yellowith by lines or rowes in equall diftaunce, entermingled, and
alío very harde, and (harpe, like the haire of a Wolte,the body is fomething longer
This jfirft picture of the Ichneumon was taken by Bellonius, except
the backe be too much eleuated.
T be fecond pitlure taken out of Oppianus poems is it was found in
ia dad anold manufcript.
up
TIRE Bh
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rf
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v
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Ws "up TE
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i] um
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Ipod Ere
Saree Se
—
VOCE coke e T x T Vu ge PCS, - d y
E EDO S ) NE x EXE. Tr eee cet IS pui 2d E , a PRECOR Mae at eS 5 D^ v
1 - E * i E. Ente au dace LN uiv AMOR aah) : ]
NS MEET ac. Lan ss Om T im nn - — m ie —=
vec me nma MILL NEXCSSS CN, suco REAL Lr d — AES Suec STE e el "
AE e eco ab de e a atin te citer mE ie ny e EIER Go TE SEai n cauti eem tm iau: z
E > a D E T = e - -— = main LI 2s - AD Eo come Ge anis ra
n b EE: D er mes t
~ te. Fe ae rns PR
The Hiflorie of Foure-ooted Beafts.
then a Cats, and better fet or compacted; the beake blacke, and fharp atthe Nofe like a
Ferret, and without a beard, the eares fhort and round,the Legges blacke; hauing fiue
clawes vpon his hinder feete, whereof the laft or hinmoft of the inner fide of the foote is
very fhort, his tailethicke towardes the rumpe : the tongue, tecth, and ftones, arelikea
Cats , and this it hath peculiar, namly a large paffage, compaffed about with haire,on the
outfide of his excrement hole like the genitallof a woman, whichit neuer openeth butin
extremity of heat, the place of his excrements remaining {hut, onely being more hollow
then at other times. And it may bethat the Authors aforefaid had no other reafon to af- »
firme the mutation of feebleor common tranfmigration of genitall power, befide the
. obferuation of this natural paffagein male,& female. They bring forth as many as Cats &
The places
of their abod
The courage
and itrengt
of this beaft,
Hir entrance
into a Croce
dile.
The taming:
of Ichneu-
mons.
Dogs, and alfo eatethem when they are young : they liue both in land and water, and take
the benifit of both elements, but efpecially in the Riuer 2#/#s, amongft the reedes, erow-
ing onthe bankes thereof, according to the faying of Nemetian 5 |
Et placidis Ichneumona quarere ripis ,
Inter arundineas fegetes.
For it will diue in the Water likean Otter,and feemeto be vtterly drowned, holding in
the breath longer then any other foure-footed beaft, as appeareth by his long keeping
vnder Water, and alfoby liuing in the belly ofthe Crocodile, vntill he deliver forth him-
felfe, by eating through his bowels, as (hall be fhewed afterwards. Itis a valiant and nim-
ble creature, not fearing a great Dogge, but fetteth vpon him and biting him mortally,
but efpecially a Cat, for itkilleth or ftrangleth her with three bites of her teeth, and be-
caufe her beake or fnout is very narrow or {mal, it canot bite any thing except it bee leffe
then a mans fift. The proportiory ofthe body is much like a Badgers,and the nofe hangeth
ouer the mouth, like asit were alwaies angry ; The nature of it is finding the Crocodilea
fleepe, fuddenly to run downe into his throat and belly, and there to eate vppe that meate
whichthe Crocodile hath deuoured, and not returning out againe the way it went in, ma-
keth a paffage for it felfethrough the beatts belly. E |
Andbecaufe it isa great enemy and deuourer of Serpents, the common people ofthat
Country do tame them, and keepe them familiarly intheir houfes like Cats,for they eat
Mice, and likewife bewray all venemous beaftes : for which caufe as is faid before, they cal
dt Pharoes Moufe by way of excellency. At Alexandria they fell their young ones inthe
~ Market, and nouri(h them for profit: [t isa little beaft, and marueloufly ftudious of puri-
Their feode.
Their fubtil-
ty in obtal-
ning their
prey.
ty and clenlineffe.
Bellonius affirmexh that he fawone of themat Alexandria,amoneft the ruines of an olde
caftle;whichfuddenly tooke a Hen and eat it vp,foritlouethall manner of foules, efpeci-
ally Hens and chickens, being very wary and crafty about his prey, oftentimes ftandin
vpright vpon his hinder Legs, looking about for a fit booty , and when it efpieth his prey
neare him, it flideth fo clofe to the grounde, asis very admirable vntill it bee within the
reach, & thenleapeth vpon it with incredible celerity, flying tothe throat,& likea Lyon
killethal by ftrangling. It eateth indifferently euery lining thing as Snales, Lizardes, ca-
melions, all kinds of Serpents, Frogs, Mice,and Afpes. For Strabo faith,when he findeth
an Afpe by the water fide, itketcheth hold on the taile, and fo draweth the beaft into the
Water,& receiueth help from the fludsto deuour her enemy, and whereas wehaue faide
already, thatthe /ehewmon entreth into the belly of the crocodil, Ammianus, Marcelinus,
Strabo, Pliny, and Oppianus maketh thereof this difcourfe following . Whenthe croco-
dile hath filled his belly, and ouerglutted himfelfewith meate, he commethto the land to
fleepe. .
N owthereis in Egypt, a certaine Bird called Crochillus, whofe nature isto wait vpon
the crocodile, and with her breath and clawes gently and witha kindof delight,to pul out
the remnants ofthe meate fticking in the crocodiles teeth wherewithallthe crocodile be-
to
20
$e
ing pleafed, openeth his mouth wide; to be thus clenfed by this Bird, and fo falling faft a «. .
fleepe gaping ,watchedall the while by the vigilent eie ofthe Jchnumon, perceiuing him,
tobe deeply plunged, in a fenceleffe fecurity, goeth prefently andwalloweth in fand and
durt , & witha fingular confidence entereth intothe gate ofdeath; thatis the crocodiles
mouth, and fuddenly pierceth like an arrow through the monfters wide throat downe in-
tohisbelly. The
Of the Ichneumon. 451
The Crocoprts feeling this vnlooked for euill, awaketh out of fleep, andina rage or Th« Croce- |
madneffe, voideof counfell, runneth too and fro, farre and wide, plunging himfelfe in- orfecling. /-
tothe bottome of the riuer, where finding no eafe, returnethto lande againe, and there the iehinens a |)
breatheth out his vntolerablepoifon, beating himfelfe with all his power, ftrining tobee pai, B
| deliuered from this vnfüfferable euil Butthe zehzeumon careth not for althis, fitting clofe 1 ATA
| vpon the liuer ofthe Crocopi ts, and feeding full fweetly vppon hisintrals ;vntill ac BI m
laftbeing fatisfied, eateth out her owne paflage through thebelly ofher hoatt. The felfe mu
| famethingis related by Plutarch : but I wonder for what caufe the beaft (hould rowle her EN
| felfe in fandand durt,to enterintothe C x o c o n 11s s belly sForfirftofalljfafter her
| ro roling inthe durt, fhe dry her felfe in the Sunne, yer will notthat hard cruft.be any fuffi-
| cient armour of proofeto defend her {mall body from the violence of the Crocodiles
| teeth, and befides, it encreafeth the quantity of her body, making her more vnfit to flide
| downe through the Crocodiles narrow throate : and therefore, the Authors cannot be.
bat deceaued in afcribing this quality to her, when the is to enter into the crocodile,but
| rather Ibelecue,the vfeth this defenceagainft the Afpe, as 4ri/fetle faith, and therefore
the Author fecing her fo couered with mudde, might eafilj be miftaken in her purpofe. 44... come
For it istrue indeed that when fhe feeth the Afpe vpon the land, (he calleth her fellowes, bateswirh
who arme themfelues as beforefaid before the combat, by which meanes they are fafely Alpes.
| preferued, from the bitings oftheir enemies; or if it be true that they wallow themfelues
| 29 in the mudde, they doe not dry themfelues inthe Sunne, but while their bodies are
moift, flide downe more eafily intothe Crocodilesbelly. | | . dz À
| Concerning their fighting with Afpes, andthe arming of themfelues as aforefaid, the
| Megyptians make this hyrogliphicke ofthe Zchaumon, to fignifie a weake man, that wan-
tethand craueth helpe of others; Pliny alfo faith that when the Afpe fighteth with this
beaft, the Zebnumon turnethto her, hertaile, which the A fpe taking for defiance, prefent-.
ly maketh force at it, whereby (he is overtaken and deftroyed by the zchewmon, but in
| my opinion this combate is better expreffedby Oppianus, —..— 7 V Ruth
Forfaith he,the Jchnwmoz couereth het body in the fande as itwereina graue, leauin g iml
nothing vncoueredbut herlong Serpentinetaile, and hir eyes, and fo expe&teth her ene-
3o my. When the Afpe efpyethherthreatning rage, prefently turning about hertaile, pro-
" woketh the schnumon to combate, and with an open mouth and lofty Xa doeth enter the
lift, to her owne perdition.For the Ichnwmon being nothing affraid of this great brauado,
ET EET Tm a BT qe ET IP GE Qe MM a er €
+. Sega uS
TEC CELL ees Se ee == =
receiueth the encounter, and taking the head of the Afpe in his mouth, biteththatoff, to i
preuent the cafting out of her poifon: afterwardes tearingher whole body in pieces, al- ult
though gathered Ead wound ina circle, for thefucceffe ofthefe two combatants, ly- NE
ethinthe firfiblow.Iftbe Afpe firft bite the Zehaumon, then doth her poifon deftroy her i
aduerfary; and fo on the contrary, if the /chnurmon firft bite the Afpe,then is the zebzumes; °°
| conqueror, and forthis caufe fhe couerethher body as aforefaid.
Furthermore, this Beaftisnot onely enemy to the crocodile and Alpe, butalfoto, |
3 : 4
their Egges, which fhe hunteth out by the fagacity of her nofe, andfo deftroyeth them;, stp f |
| 49 yet doth fhenot eat them : whereby the mercifull pronidence of God doth notablye ap-:°F° ved aan
| peare; for the faiegard of mankind, which in thofe countries where thefe noifome beafts on er
| — arebred, hathprouidedfuchan enemy to deftroy them, both egs, &birds,asis friend.
ly andtameable by thehandandwitofman. ——— i8 sy bp ae are
| For which caufe the blind Pagans, confecrated this beaft to Latona, and Lugina, and.
| the Heraclespolite$ didthinke that they poffeffed all religion ; the Aegyprians themf{elues., i
__ did worthip them, becaufe as their countreyisaboue allother plagued with ferpents,; —— .
| — fothéyare much eafed by thehelpe of this little beaft. And when they die, they doe not ASTU M
onely láment them, butal{o bury them religioufly.And thus much for the defcription of. mL T
ES the Zebnamos, Nowfolloweththeir medicinal vertues, — ^
| A11 LE poc =
- ‘ . TT.
PINS SPY : : nua
i iu : ] : CARE TM
"DITE EOM GU
1 5
l Pi
4
The fignifi-
cation of the
word Lamia.
The peetical
mur RE P =
T: I aene cert CSI
Se a ne. pui ERE.
—. lm ERI s
"o
The Hiftory of Fonre-footed Beafls.
The medicines of the Ichneumons. > 5 2
The skinne ofthe Tehueumon, being dried and beaten into fmall powder, afterwards
mingled with wine vineger,and annointed vponthofe which are gzieued with che, veni-
mous or poyfonfome bites of the fame beaft, doth very effe&ually and fpeedily cure
them ofthe faine. The pretious ftone calledby the name of rz, which is very hard,as Ho-
rus faith, being burned andafterward beaten or pounded into powder,is an excellent re-
tnedie againft the venemous biting of the Zehzeumon., Icis allo faid that all beaftes (but
efpecialty the Croczdile) doe forthe moft part hate and deteft the focietie of this beaft. d
Thete ismorcoaer avery rancke and venemous poyfon, which pro ceedeth fromthe ge-
nicall or groine of thisbeaft. . 2
The haitesofthe Ichaewmon, being takenin a certaine perfume, doth very much helpe
and curethofe whicharettoubled or grieved with the Maw-wormes; The diing of a Cat;
ot the dung of this beaft, is very medicinableto be put inaay falue, or potion; for the
ftrenghthening, and confirming of the body. The vrine or taile of an. Jchneumon, being
: mixed with the milke of ablacke Cow, & giuen vnto thofe which are troubled with. chat
.. grieuous difeafe, calledthecollickeand ftoneforthefpace of three daies together in any.
Kinde of drinkewill eafily and fpeedily cure them of their paine. The ftonesof an Ichnen=
mon, being either beaten in powder, or taken raw, either in wine or any other drinke,is
very medicinable, and curable for thé eafing of all füchasare troubled or greined with
any ache, paine, or difeafe in their belly; And thus much fhall fuffice concerning the
cures,and medicines,of the Lehacumon, Aria
ONIN RCM 0A blue E
——4 His word Lamia hath many fignifications,bein g taken fome-
times fora be aft of Lybia, fometimes for. a fifth, and fome-
times for a Speétre or apparition of women called Phairies.
And from hence fome hane ignorantly-affirmed, that ci-
compounded monfter of a beaftanda fith, whofeopinions
I will briefly fec dowae. Arifophanes affirmeth,that he heard
onefay, thathe fawa great wilde beaft hauing feuerall parts
tefembling outwardly an Oxe, andinwardly a Mule, and a
beaütifull woman, which he called afterwards Empu/a.
“When Appallonins and his companionstrauailed ina bright Moone fhine ni ght,they
{awa cettaifie apparition of Phairie s,th laine called Lamia,and in Greeke Empafa,chang-
ing themf{elues from one fhapeinto another, being allo fometimes vifible,and prefent-
icr ly'vanitbing ont of fight againe: as foone.as he perceaued it, he kaew prhatir was and did
ri 6 vo FONT: ( Té. M Í ‘ . (s 314 Jj ERE Sia Maui E
"C1 * pate ft with Very contumielious and defpightfull words, exhorting his fellowesto dothe
Philofratns. like; for hiv is the bef remedie agaiaftthe inuafton of Phairies. And when his compa-
unions did like siferaile at chersprefentdly the vifion departed AWA Vict quindi eo 6
“LT he Potts fay that Leva was a beaudfüll woman, the daughterof Bel/v and, Lybiag
which zupiter Joued, bringing her out of Lybia into sralie, where hebegot vpon hir ma-
ry fonds bat in edToog GP hepa D aut ied en ar RR ey we eae
punithing 74522 allo with a refileffe effate that fhe (hould neuer be able to fleepe, but
line nfohtaid day i^ concitat! mourning, for which occafion fhe ald ftealeth away and
killeth the children of othels, whereupon came the fable of changing of children : J#-
piterHauiiigpitcy vpon her, eane exexiptilé eyes that tight be taken idand out athirown (a
pleafüre, & likewife power tobe tranformed into whát(hape (he would : And from hence
alfo came thefained names of 4cho, and _Alpiito, wherewithall women were wont to make
theirchildren afeard;according to thefe verfesof Lucilius.
to Qerricolas Lamias, fauni quas Pompily 4,
Inflituere puma tremit has sore. 1
Oo
‘ther there were no fuch beaftes at all, or elfe that. it was a ?
I
|
9!
^ Of the Lamia. oo 453
The true pittreofthe Lami. 00
Ra Rae RI HE
lx AGE RNES yd RU HL
2
S
E
ES
Ld
&
d
af
I2
|. Ofthefe, Angelus Poliziamus relareth this old wines ftory, in his preface vppon _Ariftotles Od Wines
: Fern J ; sh tales of Phai
| firftbooke of Analitickes, that his grand-mother tolde him when he was a childe, there ek
| wereceraine Lamiz in the wildernes,which like Bug-beares would eat vp crying boies,
_ and tharchere wasa little Well neare to Fe/wlanum, being very bright, yet in continuall
| qo fhaddow, neuer fecing Sun, where thefe Phaity women haue their habitation; which are
| tobefeene of them which come thither for water. HEDIS,
| Plutarch alío affirmeth, that they haue exemptile cies as aforefaid, and that asoften as
they go from home, they put in their eies, wandring abroad by habitations, ftreetes, and
|. «roffe waics;entring into the affemblies of men,and prying foperfealy into eüery thing,’
that nothing can efcape them, be it neuer fo well couered : you wilthinke (faith hee) that’ j
they haue the cies of Kites, for there is no fmal mote but they efpie it, nor any hole fo fe” i" We
¢ret but they find it our,and when they come home againe, atthe very eütrance of their i urne |
| howfe they pul out their cies, and caftthem afide,fo being blindeat home, but fecing a+ CARENS VE
|. broad;I£you ask me (faith he) what they do at home;they fit finging and making of wool; mid M
| ' andthenturning his fpeechto the Florentines {peaketh in this manner : Vidifhi [ne ob[eera "um f
|
| so Lamias iftas vitri Florentini, qua fe te faa ne[ciunt, alios có aliena fpeeulantur necati atqui * i TA | E
| amen funt inrbibus frequentes verum per[onalaimcadunt bomines credas, lamis [unt : chat tud Tp (d
| istofay:O ye Florentincs, did you cuer fee fuch Phaities, which were bufie in prying in- ies PLE MI |-
| to theaffaires of other men, bat yet ignorant of their owa ? Do you denie it, yetdothere tom |
commonly walke vppe and downe the Cittie, phaities in the fnapes of men.
OR UM |
There tud "
454 The Hiflorie of Foure-ooted Beafts.
Therewere two worhen called Mache, and Lamo, which were both foolifh aud madde,
and from the ftrange behauiours of them; came the firftopiniouof the Pharies : there
was alfo an auncient Lxbéan woman called Lamia, and the opinion was, that if thefe Pha-
sties had totwhatfoeuer bey demaunded;prefenly they would take-away liue children,
according to thefe verfes ai Horace. 3
ve Ree quadewivque volet, pofcat ,fibi fabula eredi
2d Nenprame Lama viuum peram extrahat aluo. s
Wtory ofa ltisreported of Menippus the Lycian, thathefell in loue with a ftrange woman, who at
Phairie wo- that time feemed both beaütifull, tendet,and rich, but intruththere was no fuch thing,
= and all was but a fantafticall oftentation ; {he was faidto infinuate her felfe into his fami-
1 liaritie, after this manner, as hewent vpon a day alone from Corinth to Cenchrea hee met
witha certaine phantafine ot fpe&tre like a beautifull woman,who tooke him by the hand,
andtold him that (he was a Phawiteas wonxan, andoflongtime hadloued him dearely,
hauing fought many occafions to maiiifeft the fame, butcould neuer finde opportunitie
yntill that day, whereforefhe entreated him to take knowledge of her houfe which was
in the Suburbes of Corinth, therewithall pointing vnto it with her finger, andfo defired
his prefence ; The young man fecing himfelfe thus wooed by a beautifull woman was
eafily ouercome by herallurements, and did oftentimes frequent her company.
: _ TÍher wasa;certaine wife man anda Philofopher which efpied the fame, and fpake vn-
: Ww Xo. Menippus inthis manner. O formofe, c? a formofis expetitie voslieribus , ophin thalpies, 26
Cor C fe ophis? thatistofay, O faire Menippus beloued of beautifull woinen, art thou a fer-
/""pentaud doftnourifh a ferpent? by which words he gaue him his firftadmonition, or in-
. cling of amifchiefes but not preuayling, Menippus purpofedto marry with this fpeétre,
E "har houfe co the outward fhew being richly fürni(hed with all mannerof houfholdgoods,
ti then faid the wile man againe vnto Menippus, this gold, filuer, and ornaments of houfe,
>= areliketotantalus Apples,who are {aid by Homer to make a faire {hew, but to. containe
^in them nofubftanceatall : euenfo whatfoeuer you conceaue of this riches, there isno
"s matter or füb(tance in the things which you fee, for they are onely inchaunted images
" and (hadowes, which that you may belecue, this your neate bride is one of the Empu/e,
itw tme
To cytes
-—
their le(h aboue meafure, butthofe whom they doe entice, with their veneriallmarts,
. afterwards they deuoure withoutloue or pittie, feeding vpon their flefh : at which words
the wife man caufed the. gold and filuer plate and hoyfhold ftuffe, Cookes andferuants,
to vanifh all away 5 Then did the fpe&re like vnto one that wept, entreate the wife
(alios man thathe would not torment her,nor yet caufe her to confeffe what manner of perfon
~ {he was, but he onthe other fide being inexorable, compelletd her to declare the whole
truth, which was, that fhe was a Phairy, and that fhe purpofed to vfe the companie of
Menippus, and feede him fat with all manner of pleafures, to the entent that afterward fhe
might eate vp and deuour his body, forall their kindeloue was but onely to feedevpon
beautifull yong men. | NT
'Thefeand füch like ftories and opinions thereare of Phairies, which in my iudgement
arife from theprzftigious apparitions of Deuils whofe delight is to deceiue and beguile
Oris c the minds of men with errour, contrary to chetruth of holye Scripture, which doeth no
Phairies, — Where make mention of fuch inchaunting creatures; andthereforeif any fuchbe, we will
holde them the workes of the Deuill, andnot of God, or rather I beleeue, that as Poets
"call Harlots by the name of charibdis which deuoureth and {walloweth whole fhippes and
Nauics, aluding to the infatiable gulph of the Sea, fo the Lamia are but poeticallalligo-
ries of beautifull Harlottes, who after they haue had their luft by men , doemany times
deuour and make them away,as wercad of Diomedes datighters, and for this caufe alfo
Harlots ate called Zupe,(hee-Wolues, and Lepores, Hates.
bowl names To leauetherefore thefe fables, and cometo thetrue defcription of the Lamia, we haue
E: * jn hand.In the foure and thirty chapter of Efay, we do find this beaft called Z#ith in the
Hebrew,and tranflated by the auncients Lamia, which is there threatned to poffeffe Ba-
bell. Likewife inthe fourth chapter of the Lamentations, where itis faid in ourEnglifh
tranflation, thatthe Dragonslay forth their brefts, in Hebrew they are called —
| whi
$e
[ND
ME
E
called Lamia or Mormolicie wonderfull defirous of copulation with men, and louing 39 |)
Of the Lamia. | P ,
|
|
which by the confeffion of the beft interpreters, cannot fignifie Dragons, but rather fea- (
calues, being a generall word for ftrange wilde beafts . Howbeit the matter being wel ex-
| amined, it (hallappearethat it muft necdes be this Lamia, becaufe of her great breaftes,
which are not competible, either to the Dragon or Sea-calues; fothen we wil take it for
graunted, by the teftimony. ofholy Scripture, that there is fuch abeaftas this, evi/offonz.
us. Dion alo, writeth.that there are fuch beafts in fome part of Libia, hauinga VV omans ee
face,and very beautifull alfo very large and comely fhapes on their breafts, fuch as can- ARA
not bee counterfeited by the ait ofany painter, haning a very excellent colour intheir PIN
fore parts without wings and no other voice but hiffing like Dragons: they are thefwifteft M ha
| xo of foote ofall earthly beafts, fo as none can efcape them by running, for by their celerity |
they compaffe their prey of beaftes, and by their fraud they ouerthrowmen. For when
as they feca man, they lay open their breaítes, and by the beauty thereof, entice them
to come neare to coriference and fo hauing them within their compaffe, they deuoure
| andkillthem .vntothe fame things fubfcribe Celids and Giraldus, adding ai{o, that there
| isacertaine crooked placein Libia neare the Sea-thore, fullof fand like toa {andy Sea,
| andalithe neighbor places thereunto are deferts, .
fit fortune atany.time,that through fhipwrack men come there on fhore,thefe beafts
watch vppon them, deuouring themall, which either endeuour to trauell on the land, or
| dfetoreturne backe againeto Sea,adding alfo that when they feea man they ftand ftone
so fiill,and ftir not til he come vnto th¢m,looking down ypon their breafts or to the ground,
^ whereupen fome hauethought, they feeingthem at the firft fight, hauefucha defire to
come neare them, thar they are drawne into their compafle, by a certaine naturall magi-
call witch-crafte: but I cannot approue their opinions, either in this or in thar, wherein EE
they defcribe him witlyhorffes feet;and binder parts of aferpent, but yet I grauntthat he UM
T 7
emu TITRE
Ret Lact A ea
T"
doth not onely kill by biting, butalfo by poyfoning, feeding vpon the.carcaffe which hee "i
hath deuourd: His ftonesare very filthy and great, and fel like a Sea-calues, for fo 477- fum
flophuaes writing of Gleaza Corior, andluftfullman, compareth him toa Lamia, in the EE
greatneífe and filthineffe of his ftones, the hinder parts of thisbeaft are like vntoa Goate, Di
his forelegs like a Beares, his vpper patts toa woman, the body fcaledall ouerlike a Dra- h 4
| ge gonasfome haue affirmed by the obferuation of their bodies, when Prebus the Emperor i
brought them forth into publike fpe&tacle: alf oit is reported of them, that they,deuoure
their own young ones,and therefore they deriue their name Lamia of Laniando, andthus
much for this beaft. | ..). 1309 | | pe^
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= uU om A es : ae — a —— ; aer eds penne c M ERE = 1 PU MÀ ; : =
| 2 oa oe E : aes B dm
senem pe
The feuerall
names of
Lions.
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
HORE d
Ap PEE
ge Eing now come tothe difcourfe of the Lyon Gufily ftiled by all
| writers the King of beaftes;) I cannot chufe’ but ‘remember that
recie fable of Efope, concerning the focietie and honor due vn-
tothis beaft. For (faith be) the Lyon, Affe, and the Fox eütered
league and friendfhip together, and foraged abroad tofeeke con- sg
g uenient booties, atlaft, hauing found one and taken the fame, the
r A Z 20 4
IE EC wy | 5f nisd a
id ING 31.2310
ki
: 5 A t,
d
In like manner I would beloatli co befo fimple, ia fharing oat the difcourfeof the 20 |)
X An like fort I will notbe aftaid,to handlethis Lyon, and tolooke into him both dead
andaliue, for the expreffing of fo much of his nature, as Ican probably gather out of
any good writer. ; |
Firft ofall therefore to begin with hisfeuerall names, almoft all the nations of Europe
doe follow the Greekes in the riomination of thisbeaft, for theycallhim Zeon, the La-
. tines, Zeo,the Italians Leone, the Frenchand Englifh Lyon, the Germans and Illirians, 49)
Leuv; the reafon ofthe Greeke name Leon, is taken paraTo lueffein from the excellencie
of his fight ; for Zao fignifiethtofee,and Alaoos fignifieth blind, for indeede there is no -
creature of the quanititie of a Lyon, that hath {uch an adinirable eie fight. The Lioneffes
called in Greeke Zeesa which word the Latines follow, from whencealfo they deriue Zea
for a Lioneffe according to this verfe of Lucretius:
Irritata Lee ,iaciebant corpora faltu.
The Hebrewes haue for this beaft male and female, and their younge onesdiuers names:
and firftof all forthe male Lion, in Deut. the 33. they haue Ari, and Arieh, where the
Caldians trantlate it Ariauan, the Arabians A/fad, the Perfians Gehad,and plurally in He-
brew Araym, Araiot, Araoth,as inthe firft of Zeph. Araoth, Schoianim,roaring Lions:and 5e
fromhence comes Ariel, fignifying valiantand ftrong, to bethe name ofa Prince : and
I[ai 29. Exec. 43. it is taken for the alter of burnt offerings, becaufe the fier that came
downe from heauen, did continuatly lye vpon that altar, like a Lion in his denne : or elfe
becaufe the fa(hion of the temple was like the proportion of the Zion :the 4/férians call
a Lionefle Arioth, the Hebrewesalfo call the male Zion Zabi, and the female Lebia, oe
: they
P E RS RE Vo SEIS LESE Hp uti re tS ITN deque ees me Ru iu T
Of tbe Lion.
Digest VE vic ri ud SEMEN zv i-a CDL IU Ta it coy rie
boi rt
=
E
#
5
IA
SS
D
22 A
= a
Se tae
Pn en e
pm cou.
—
* RET. —-
ett oe n. <
aes gi 9
ne e Eo IR one NES
Pere il Sa ep
ec. vg
ee
a eee
EN
= Ss
«rm EE
^ Sait *
iit ] i
The Feucral
kinds of Lym), :
- Ariffotle wo, the firk ofa leffe and well compacted body, which haue curled manes;being
@ns, |
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
they diftinguifh 4, and Zabi, making trito fignifiea little Lion, arid Zabia a greatone;
andin Nwm.2 3.in this verfe, containing one of Gods promifes to the people of //raell for
victory againít their enemies, Behold my people [bil arile like Labi,and be lifted up like Art:
there the Chaldey tranflation rendereth Z4b;, Leta, the Arabian Jeba,the Perfians Scher,
and Muaffer fich that Labrisan old Lyon. In lob. 38. Lebaim fignifieth lions,and in P/4,
the 57. Lebaot fignifieth Léone/fes. Inthe Prophet Nam the 2. Lat/chis by the He brewes
tranllateda Lyon, and thefame worde ra. the 30. is by the Chaldies tranflated a lions
Whelpe; and in the aforefaid place of the prophet Naum,you fhaltind Arich fora lion,
Zabi for a lioneffe, Cephirsm for little lions, and Gur for a lions whelp, all contained vnder
one period. The Sarazens cala Lion atthis day Sebey,and thus much forthe name.
In thenext place weare to confider the kindes of Lyons, and thofe are according to
therefore called Acro leentes, and this is more fluggifh and fearefull then the other. The
fecondkind of Lyon hatha longer body, and a deeper lofe hanging mane,thcfe are more
noble, generous and couragious againft all kind of wounds. And when I {peak of manes
it muft be remembred, thatall the male Lyons are maned, but the females are not fo;
neither the Leopards which are begotten by theadultry of the lyonefle : for fromthe ly-
\ onthereare many beafts which receiue procreation, as the Leopard or Panther.
OUarinus.
' He[yebius
Ackhanus,
Monfters
There isa beaftcalled Leontophonus,a little creature in Syria, and is bred no wher els
but where lyons are generated. Of whofe flefh :f the lion taft, he loofeth that princely po-
wer which beareth rule among foure footed-beafts, and prefently dyeth ; for which caufe
they that lie in waite to kill lyons, take the body of this Leentephonus, which may well bee
englithed Liez-queller, and burneth itto afhes, afterwards cafting thofe afhes vpon flefh,
whereof if the lion taft fhe prefently dyeth, fo great is the poyfon taken out of this beaft
forthe de(tru&ion of lyons ; for which caufe, the lyon doth not vndeferuedly hate it,and
when fhe fiadeth it,although the dare not touch it with her teeth,yet fhe teareth it in pie-
ces with her clawes. Thevrine alfo of this beaftfprink'ed vppona lyon doeth wonderfully
harme him, ifit doth not deftroy hig 5 They are deceiued that take this Zzom-queller to be
akind of Worme, or reptile creature, for thereisnone ofthem that render vrines but this
excrementis meerely proper tofoure-footed-liuing-beaftes: Andthusmuch Ithought
good tofay of this beaft in this place, which I haue colle&ed out of Ariftotle, Pliny, Soli-
nus, andother Authors aforefaide, although his proper place be afterward among the li-
ons enemies. F-
The Chimera isalfo fained to be compounded ofalion, a Goate,and a Dragon, accor-
ding to this verfe: |
Primaleo,poftrema Draco, mediaipfa Chimera.
There be alfo many Fifhes in the great Sea,aboutthe Ile Taprabones, hauing theheades
of Lyons, Panthers, Rams, and other beafts. The Tygers of Pra/ia are alfo engendred of
Lyons, and are twice fo big as they. There are allo Lyons in Indis, (called Formiczjabout
thebigneffc of Egyptian Wolues.Camalopardales haue their hinder parts like Lyons. The 49
Maatichorahath the body ofa Lyon : The Lexcvocuta, the necke, taile, and breftlikea lion,
and there is an allogorical thing cald (Demontum Leoninum) alyon-Diuel, which by Bellu-
nenfis,is enterpreted to be anallegory,fignifieng the mingling together reafonable vnder-
finding with malicious hurtfull 4&ions:It is reported alfo by 4elianus, that in the Iland
breed like Ly of Choos, a (heepe of the flock of Nicippus, contrary to the nature of thofe beafts, in ftead
Ons, -
Colins.
Heroditus,
.. South-fayers told him that on what fide foeuer ofthe city he (hould lead that lion, it fhold. .
ofalamb brought fortha lion, which monftrous prodigy was feene and confidred of ma-
ny , whereof diuers gaue their opinions whatit did pretend, namely that Nieippus ofa pri-
vate man fhould effe& füperiority and becomeatyrant which fhortly after cam to paffe,
forhe ruled allby force and violence, notwith fraud or mercy 5 for Fraws (faith Cicere)
quali vulpecule, vis leonis effe videtur, that is: Fraudis the property of a Foxe, and violente
of a Lion.
fi is reported that Me/es the firft King of Sardés did beget of his concubine a lyon, & the
remaine inexpugnable, and neuer be taken by any man; whereupon Melesled him about
guery tower and rampier of tliecitty, whichhee thought was weakefly exceptonely one
tower,
HI
3G)
T
5°
{
——————MÁ—————— M a -
ase Se ARR me
Of the Lyon. (0989
Tower, ftanding towacds the riuer sole becaufe hecthought. that fide was inuincible,
| A andcould neuer by any force be entred, fcaled, or ruinated. Afterwards in the raigne of
| — Crafas, the Citty was taken in that place by Darius. uw
| '- Thereare nolions bred in Eurep,except in one part of Thrafia,for the Nemeon, or Cle- bees 2
| onaanlionis buta fable;yct in Ariffotles time,ther were more famous & valiántlionsinthat ons. =~
part of Europe, lying betwixt the Riuers Achelous and Neffus,then inall Affrica and Afia. i
For when Xerxes led his Army through Peoria ouer the Riuer Chidorus, thelyons came NM
and deuoured his Camels in thenight time; but beyonde Nefus xowardesthe Eaft, or P
| Achillous towards the Welt, there was neuer man fawa lion in Europe : but in the region
| ro betwixt them which was once called the countrey ofthe Abderites, there were fuch ftore,
that they wandered into Olimpus, Macedonia, and Theffalta, but yet of purpofe Princes in
| caftlesand Towers for their pleafures fake, do nourifh and keepe Zions. in Europe; where
| fometimes alfo they breed.as hath been feene both in Englandand Florence 5 Peleponefus
| alf» hath no lions,and therefore when Homer maketh mention of Dianaes. hunting in the
| mountaines of Framanthusand Taygetus, he fpeaketh not of lions, but of Hartsand Bores.
-. Allthe countries in the Eaft and South, lying vnder the heate of the Sun, do plenti-
fully breede lions, and except in whot countriesthey breed feldonie, and therefore the li-
ons of Fe/fe; Teme/na, Angad, Hippe, and Tunis,areaccounted thé moftnobleandauda- —
tious lions of Affrick, becaufe they are whot countries. Butthelions of colder countries cone
| se hauenotbalfefo much ftrength,ftomack,and courage . Thefe Libian lions kaue not halfe :
fo bright haire as others,their faceand necke, are very horrible rough, making themto
Jooke tearefully, and the whole collour of their bodies betwixt browne and blacke. 5 4p2-
| deniusaw lionsalfo beyond Nilus, Hiphafsand Ganges: and Strabo affirméth thatthereare
| lionsaboüt Meroe, Ajtape,and Affabere, which lions are very gentle, tame, and fearefull,
| and whenthe dog ftar called (Caps Sirius) doth appear, wherof commeththe dog daies,’
, ^ thatthen they are drone awaie by the bitings of great gnats... ein i
-— Aethiopia alfo breedeth Lyons, being blacke coloured, hauing great heads, long hair,
rough feet, fiery cies,and their mouth betwixt red and yellow. Si#icia, Armenia >and Par-
thia, about the mouth of. J/fer,breed many feareful Lyons, hauing great heads thick and
roughneckes and cheekes, bright cies, and eye-lids hanging downto their nofes. There
are alfo plenty of lyons in Arabia, fo that a man cannottrauell neare the citty Aden ouct
the mountaines, with any fecurity of life, except he hauea hundred men in his company.
The Lionsalfo of Hireaniaare very bold and hurtfull, and India the mother. ofal kinde of
beafts, hath moftblacke, fierce, and cruell Lyons. In Tartaria allo, andthekingdome of
‘Nar /inga,and the Prouince of Abafis, are many Lyons, greater then thofe of Babilonand
"Siria; of divers and funrdy intermingled colours, both white, blackeand red. There be Vartomanns
|. many Lyons alfo inthe prouince of Gimewi, fo thatfor feare ofthem, men dare not fleep
out of their owne houfes in the nighttime.For whomfoeuer they find they deuoure and |
|. tearein pieces. The fhipsalfo which go vp and downe the riuer, are not tyedtothe bank- à:
L1 ** fide forfeare of thefe lions, becaufe in the night time they come downeto the VVater- )
| 49 fide, and if they can find any paffage into the barkes, they enter in, anddeftroy euery ly- 1
uing creature, wherefore they rideat Ancor inthe middle Ot TT a eal) Thee lou |
-. ~The colour of Lyons is generally yellowe, for thefe before fpoken of, blacke, white, ofLyons, Iu wo M
| andredarcexorbitant: Their haire fome ofthemis curled, and fomeofthem long ,fhag- ee!
| — gy, and thin, not ftanding vpright, but falling flatte, longer before, andfhorter behinde, cardanns a mou
and although the curling of his haire be a token of fluggith timidity, yet ifthe haire bee : n
longand curled at the top onely, it pretendeth generous animofity. So alfo if the haire | Hi
be hard: (forbeafts that haue foft haire; as the Hart,the Hare, & the Sheep), ate timerous, i |
| — butthey which are harder haired, as the Boare andthe Lyon, are more audacious and “i Cie
|| feareleffe. — At es Sut LO. cdam bolofobod mi 3
| $9. Thereis no foure-footed beafte, that hath haires on his neather eye-liddes like a man, |
| — Burin fleede thereof, either their face is roughall ouer asina Dogge,or elfe they hauea li
foretop as a horfe and an Affe,ora mane likealion.The Lyoneffe hath no mane at all,tor |
it is propér to the male, and aslong haires arean ornament to a horfes mane; fo arethey Wt
to thenecke and fhoulders of a Lyon; neitherarethey eminent but in their fullage, and Wane | |
|]
ern? there-
Se
ou
mL
——
1 SO Depa ee HEA pe tae T RUE es
aa.
qeu di TET
bod
LV
VEI Ri a e EM Es
—— = = ——— - 4 £-—
-—
Pc. m
SS
ig t - a 2 4 4 -
3 H D A a A^ 4 * ] -
» LN me, ve . LOS
= Et Soe nani ee = sore ONS c eet eI oe Cn: ae P TARDO Po Ne uc » MIX oo oft H ; | :
X = 2 3 qx ret aS, i TU atris, tay MM om onim - * as. id E Bed
; M - — CÓ Mao SS ie TE E
m ER BET a ae en eee M - - - ear I ie ERI —— IT = " — " — -
LI loc. Mee roo rm t uis AU una TU IUGERA idi MEM a Eos -
Y ns : ———
= zu —— = - s = ~
a a OE
See
ct
Se eat: 5 he
Lampe ae,
XL
The feueral
parts.
Pherarch,
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
therefore Pliny faid: —. | | |
Turvigeros elephantorum miramur humeros , leonum iubas. 1
We wonder at the Tower-bearing fhoulders of Elephantes,andthelonghanging manes — |]
of Lions. And Aelianus in orationis expertibus maripreflantiam quandam matura largitaefl,-.— |
juba leo ant acellit feminam, ferpens Chrifla, Nature hath honored the Male, euen in crea-
tures without reafon, to be diftinguifhed from the female, as the mane ofthe male Lyon,
andthe combe of the male Serpent do from their females. Martéall writeth thus of the li-
onsimane: |
O quantum per cella decus, quem (parfit honorem,
0s Aurealunatacnm fletit vndaiuba? E.
A Lyon hatha moft valiant and ftrong head, and for this occafion, when che Nymphes
were terrified by the Lyons and fled into Cary/tws, the promontory whereinthey dwelled
was called Co Jeon, that is the Lyons-head, where afterwards was built a goodly Citty. It
fortuned as Themiffocles went therher to manage the affaires of the Grecians, Epiries
the Perfian, prefident of Phrygia intended his deltru&iopn, and therefore committed the
bufines vnto one Pi/s with charge that he fhold behead Themiftocles,who came thither to
execute that murder ,but it happenedas Themiffocles {lept atthe noone day, hee heard
a voice crying outvnto him,O Themiftecles effuge leonum eaput ne ipfe in leonem incurras:
thatis tofay, O Themiftocies get thee out ofthe Ly ons head, leaftthou fallintothe Lyons
teeth : whereupon he arofe and faued hislife. xa Fi "
The face ofa Lyonis notround as fome haue imagined, and therefore compared it
vnto the Sunne, becaufe in tlie compaffe thereof the haires ftand out eminent like Sunne-
beames, but rather itis {quare figured like as his forehead,which 47#/fotle faith, you may
chufe whether you will cal ita forehead or Epipedon frontis : thatis,the füperficies ofa fore-
head: for likeacloud it feemeth to hange ouer his eies and nofe, andthereforethe Ger-
mans calla man that looketh with fucha countinance, Wéblen of Nubilare,to be cloudy,
and itbetokeneth eitheranger or forrow- alfo itis called Scithicus afpectus becaufe the sci-
thians were alwaies wont to looke as though they were ready to fight. The cies ofa Lyon
arered, fiery, and hollow,notvery round norlong Jooking for the moftpart awry 5 wher- «3
fore the Poets ftile the Lioneffe Tocua leana.The pupils or aples of the eie fhine exceeding 30° |
ly,infomitchas beholding ofthem, a man would thiake hee looked vpon fire.
: His vppet eie-lidis exceeding great, his Nofe thick, and his vpper chap doth not bang
ouer the neather, but meete it iuft: his mouth very great, gaping wide,his lippes thinne,
fothat the vpper partes. fall in the neather, whichisa token of his fortitude: his teeth
. Ikea Wolues anda Dogges, like fawes; lofing or changing ‘onely his canine teeth, the
| tongue like a Cats or leopards, as fharpe as a file, weating through theskinne of aman by
licking ; his Necke vety ftiffe becaufe it confiteth bat of one bone without ioynts, likeas
ina Wolfeandan Hyzria, the flefh is fo hatd as if it were all a finnew: T her are noknucles
or turning ioyntesin it called spondyli,and therefore he cannot looke backward. ^ 40
~The greatneffe and roughneffe of his Necke betokeneth a magnanimious andliberall © |
mind, nature hath giuen a fhort Necke vntothe Lyon, as vnto Beares and Tygets, be-
* caufe they haue noneed to put it downeto the earth to feede like an Oxe, but to liftit vp
tocatch their prey. His fhoulders and breftes are very ftronge , asalfo the forepartof his
El :
..., body, butthe members ofthe hinder part do degenerate.For as Pliny faith, Zeanj vis [um-
main pecfore,the chiefeft force of a Zionis inhisbreaft. — — y^
|... Thepartabouthis throate-bole is loofeand foft, and his Metapbrenon ox patt ofhis
backe againfthis hart (focalled) betwixt his fhoulder-blades, is very broad. The backbone
andribsare very ftrong, his ventricle nartow, and not muchlarger then his maw. Heis
moftfubie& to wounds in his flancke, becaufe that parcis weakeft, in all other patts of his 50
body hecan endure many blowes. 4^ EE eot oa
' About his loines and hip-bone he hath but litle fleth. The lioneffe hath two vddets in the
mideft of her belley, not becaufe (he bringeth forth bur two ata time, for fomtimes fhe
bringeth more, but becaufe fheaboundethin Milke, and her meat which fhe gettethfel-
dome.) and is for the moft parte ficfhe’rurneth all into milke. The taile of a Lyon
Of the Lyon. oW | 461 | |
is very long, which they fhake oftentimes,and by beating their fides therewith, they pro-
uokethemíeluesto fight. The Grecians callie Alcea : and Alciatus makeththis excellent: |
emblemethereof vpon wrath. MT , oW Ig
rb Alcénm veteres caudam dixere Leonis - |
2o Quafmulanteivas concipit ille granes. 1) nM
| | Luteaguam furgit bilis crude[cit atro, 505 | EN ^j
| isst turc co c Felle dolor furias excitat indemitas. ' lov stc DEL
The néather parte of his aile is fullof haires and griftles,and fome are of opinión {that EB
s is therein alittle füng wherewithall the Lyon pricketh it felfes but oftliís iore afrer- MM
Io wards. WO el "ui ei : m
."fhebones of Lyons haue no marrow in them, or elfe it isfo fmall, chat it feemeth no- hi
| thing:thereforethey atethe moreftrong,folide, and greater, then anye other beaftof |
their ftature,and the Males haue euer more harder bones then tle female, fot by ftriking’ jut
| . themtogether you may beget fire; as by the percuffion of Flints; and thelike may be faid rcs
| ofotherbeaflsthat liue vponfleth, yetare fome ‘ofthe bones hollow. Thelegs ofa Lion
are very {trong and full of Nerues;and inftead of arianckle-bone it hatha ‘crooked thing
inhis'pafterne, {ach as children vfe to make for fport, and fo alfo hath the Zynx. li
| His forefeet hatte fiue diftinG toes or claweson each foot, andthe hinderfeet but foure. P
His clawesare ctooked;and exceeding hard jand this feemetha little miracle in nature;
| so thatleodards, Tycers, Panthers;andlions;do hid their clawes within their skiri when they’
| goeorrun;thatfótheymight not be dulled;and'neuer pullthem forth except when they
| aretotakeor deuoure their prey :alfo when they are hunted, with their tailes they couer’ So/inms.
| their footíteps with earth, that fo they may not be bewrayed.
The Epithets of this beaftare many whereby the authors haue expreffed theirfeueral na-
tures, firch are thefe; the curftkind of lyons, ful of ftomacke, fharp, bold, greedy blunker,
fle(h-eater, Ca/pian, Cleonian, the lord and King of the beaftes, and woodes s fierce, wild;
hairy; yellowe, ftrong, fretting, teeth-gnathing, Vemean, thundering, raging, Getulian, 2
rough, lowring; or wry-faced ;Impacient, quicke, vntamed, free, and mad; accordingto I
this faying ofthe Poet ; Mí Ge! i blued veds
E Fertur premetheus infani Leonis - Ls il edolue
Vim flomacho oppofuiffe noftro. T MUN
Forasthe Eagleisfained to feede vponthe heart of Prometheus, foalfo is the lion the ru BEEN
Jer ofthe heart of man, according to the Affrelogians. And from hence it commeth thata ath | Ze
man is {aid to beare a ftomacke when he is angry, and that he fhould bee more fubie&t to a) ie
anger when heis hungry , then when heis fullofmeat. qi nai 7
| Thefe alfoarethe Epethets oflions, wrathfull, maned, Libian, deadly, ftout, great,
| — Mafilian, Mauritanian Parthian, Phrygian, Molorchaan, Carthagintan, preying, rauening The epithers
| ftubborne,fnatching, wrinkled, ctiiell, bloody ,terrible,{welling ,vaft,violene;Marmaruien, of Lyons, ie
Thefe alfo are the Epethites of the Lioneffe, Affrican, bold, ftony-harted, vengible;caue- i ;
| lodging;fierce, yellowe, Gerulian,Hercaniam, vngende; Libian,ctuell, frowning, and ters P
| tible. By all which the nature of this Beat, and feuerall properties thereof are compendi-
| onfly expreffed in'one word. Theveice of the lion is called Rugitus, that is roaring, or bel-
RANT
Vacca eat eens
a
perry
The voice of
Lyons.
| lowing ; according to this verfe ofthe Poet: palo iow ext
| 0 Tigrides indomitarancant ruginnt d, leones. ni a
And therefore commeth Rigitus leonis the roaring of the Lyon. Tt is called alfo Gemitus, PANELS ||
and Fremitus as Virgil, fremit leo ore cruento. Andagaine : d " ull
| ^ Hinc exandiret gemitus ird, leonum ty ! OAM | |
| Vinela recufantum, c fera fub nocte rudentwm. ‘avhun i
| And when the young lions haue gotten a prey, in token whereof they rearelike the blea= EL "-
ting ofa calfe, thereby calling their elders to participate withthem. The places oftheir n B
aboadare in the mountaines, according to thisfaying: i | n Y
| Leo cacumina montium amat. TM wee hf
| Their fight and their (inellingate moft excellent, for they fleep with their eies open, and Ley
| — becaufe of the brighneffe of their eyes, they canot endure the light of fire ;for fire & fire ii |
Rr 3 cane 1 | 1
Pa.Venetns.
The eftimati
en ofa Lyo-
nes,and the
Their foode
RE SR (te AA wo RE a i rr E ador : j
Be agis X * ; n ER geri. dein UNA ERN C ae
pue HEEL e. cx E = ose zx m e de D cem
d. . EE e sae Ü 1
Se gai Le dte AS RES MER 4
I EE t e Medien am a iT Ed M WT T MERIT pee VR e -- eet " NICE Cig "
- Y ae: aie —— a tour e hai em D EE E Salk ep ee picamtr mtn M —À nÓ— ae he -- Wer TIVO h =
v Eae mae, api ie i£
T es
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
cannot agree zalfo their {melling (for which caufe they are called Oderati) is very emi-
nent, for ifthe fionefle haue committed adultry with the leopard, the male difcouereth
it by thefenceofhis Nofe,and for this caufe alfo they are tamed in Tartarta, and are vied
for hunting Boares, Beates, Harts, Roe-buckes, wilde Affes jas alfo for wilde and vilan-
dith Oxen, aud they were wont to be carried to hunting two Lyons ira cart together, &
either of them had alitle dog followingthem. |... sch
There is no Beaft more vehement thena (hee or Female-lyon, for. which caufe Semi-
yamis the Babilonian tyranneffe;cftcemed not the flaughter ot aMale Lion ora‘Libbard,
but hauing gottena Lyoneffe, aboue all other fhe reioyced therein: A Lyon while hee
eateth is moft fierce andalfo when he is hungry, but when he isfatisfied and filled; hee
layeth afide that fauage quality and (heweth himfelfe ofa more méeke and gende natüre,
fo that it is leffe danger to meete with him filled then hungry, for he never deuourethany
till famine conftraineth him. sif
[haue hearda ftory of an Englifhman in Barbary which turned Moore;and liued inthe
Kings Court, ona day it wasfaid in his prefence that there wasa Lion within alittle {pace
of the Court, andthe placewas named where itlodged .. The Engli(hman being-more
then halfe drunke, offered to goe andkillthe lyon hand to hand, and boca armed
himfelfe with a Mvsket, Sword and Dagger,and other complements, and hee had alfo a-
bouthim along Knifes fo forth went this renegate Englith Moore, more likea mad raan
thenan aduifed Champion to kill this Lion, and when hecameto it,be found ica fleep, fo
that with no peril he might haue killed her with his Musket before the faw him: but he like
a foole-hardy-fellow, thought itas littlehonour; to killa lyon fleeping, as a ftout champi-
on doth to ftrike his enemy behind the backe.
. Therefore with his Musket top he fmote thelyonto awake it wherat the beaft fudden-
ly mounted vp,and withoutany thankes or warning, fet his forefeet on this Squites breft,
and with the force of her body ouerthrew the Champion, and fo ftood vppon him, kee-
ping him down, holding her grim face and bloody teeth ouer his face and eies; a fight no
doubt that made him with himfelfe a thoufand miles from her, becaufe to all likelihood
they fhould bee the grinders of his flefh and bones, and his firft executioner tofendhis
curfed foule to the Deuill for denying Iefus C hrift his fauiour. .
Yet it fell out otherwife, for thelyon bauing beene lately filled with fome liberall prey
did not prefently fall to eate him, but ftood vpon him for her ownefafegard, and ment
foto ftand till fhee was an hungry; during which time, thepoore wretch hadliberty to
gather his wits together, and fo at the laft,fecing he could haue no benefit by his Musket,
Sword, or Dagger, and perceiuing nothing before him but vnauoidable death, thought
for the fauing of his credit, that he might not dye in foolifh infamy, to doe fome exploit
vpponthe Lion whatfoeuer did betide him ; and thereupon feeing the lion did beftride
_ him, ftanding ouer his vpper partes, his handes being at fome liberty, drew out hislonge
Barbarian knife, andthruft the fame twice or thrice into the lions flanke 5 whichthe lion
endured, neuer hurting the man, but fuppofing the woundes came fome other way, and
_ would not forfake her booty to looke about for the meanes whereby (hee was harmed.At
Jatt, finding her felfe ficke; her bowels being cut afünder withiriher (for in all hot bodies
wounds work prefently) fhe departed away from the man about fome two yards diftance
and there lay downe and dyed ; The wretehbeing thus deliuered from the iawes of death,
you muftthinke made no {mall brags thereofin the court, notwithftanding he was more
beholdingto the good nature of thelion, which doth not kill to eate except he be hungry,
then to his owne wit, ftrength, or vallour. ;
| The Male zyon doeth not feede with the Female, but either of them a-part, by
themfelues. They eaterawe flefh, for which caufe the Grzcians call them Ome/teres,
Omoboroi , and Omophagoi :the younge ones themfelues cannot longe bee fed with ;
Milke, becaufethey are whot and dry ; beingat libertie they neuer want meate, and yet
they eatenothing but that which they take in hunting, and they hunt not but once a dayat
the moft, and eate euery fecond day : whatfoeuer they leaue of their meate, they returne
not toit againe to eate it afterwardes, whereof fomceaffigued the caufe to bee in the
. meate,
| Of the Lyon. | 463
| | meate, becaufethey can endure nothing which is vnfweete, ftale, or ftinking ; but in my
| opinion they doit throgh the pride of their naturs, refembling inal thingsa Princely ma-
| iefty, and therefore f{corneto haue one difh twice prefented to their own table. But tame
| Lyons being conftrained through hunger, will eate dead bodies, and alfo cakes made of
| mealeand hony, as may appeare by that tame Lyon which came to Appollonius, and was
| faydtohauethe foule in it of Ama/is King of Egypt, which fto ry isrelatedby Philoffratus
| inthis manner. ü
| There was (faith he) acertaine man which ina leameled vp and downe a tame Lyon like
| aDogge,whetherfoeuer he would, and the Lyon was not onely gentle to his leader, but
| to toallother perf6nsthat methim ; by which meanes the man got much gaines,and there+
fore vifited many Regions and Citties, not {paring to enter into thetemples, at the time
of facrififing, becaufe he had neuer fhed blood but was cleare from flaughter, neither lick-
| edvpthe blood of the beaftes, nor once touchedthe flefn cut in pieces for the holy altar, :.
| butdid eatevpon Cakes made with meale and hon alfo bread,Gourds,and fod flefh,and ^
| nowandtherat cuftomary times did drinke wine, As Appollogius fatteina Temple, hee
came vnto him in more humble manner, lying downe-athis feete, and looking vp into
his face, then euer he did to any,asif he had fome fpeciallfupplycation vnto hit, and the
| peoplethought he did it for hope of fome reward, atthe commaund and for the gaine of
his maifter : Ac laft Appollonins looked vpponthelyon,andtolde the people that the lyon Y
| 2o did entreat him tofignifievnto them what hee was, and wherewithall hee waspoffeffed 5
namely, that he had in him the foule of a man, that is tofay, of 42/4/75 a King of Egypt,
|. whoraignedinthe prouinceof Sai. At which words,the Lyon fighed deepely,and mour-
|. nedforthalamentableroaring, gnafhing his teethtogetherand crying withaboundance
of teares ; whereat Appollonius ftroked the beaft, and made much of him, telling the peo-
ple;thathisopinion was, forafmuchas the foulofaK. had entred into fuch akingly beaft,
he iudged italtogether vnfit thatthe beaft fhould go about, and beg his liting;and ther-
fore they (hould do well to fend him to Leontopolis, there to be nourifhed in the Temple.
The Egyptians agreedthereunto, and made facrifice xo 4mzfis, adórning che beaft with
| ' Chaines, Bracelets, and branches, fo fendirig himtothe inner Egypt, the prieftes fing-
3o ing before him allthe way, their idolatrous, Hymnses,& Anthems 5 but of the tranffigurati-
on of men into Lions, we (hall fay more afrerwardes, onely this ftory I rehearfed in this
place to fhew the food oftameand enclofea lyons. |
The fubftance of fuchtranffigurations, I hold to be either poetical or elfe diabolicall;
The foode therefore of lyons is moft commonly of meeke and gentle beafts, for they will
not eate Wolues or Beares, or fuch beaftes as liue vpon rauening, becaufe they begette
|
_ whole without chewing, but then they faft afterwards two or three daies together, never
| eating vntillthe former be digefted; but when they faft, that day they drink, andthe next |
day they eate, for they feldome eate and drinke bothin one day : and ifany fticke in his
1| 4a ftomacke which he cannot digeft becaufe it is ouercharged, then doth he thruft down his
|l
i
| bi Nailes into his throate, and by ftraining his ftomacke pulleth it out again : The felfe fame
thing he doth when he is hunted vpona full belly : andalfo it muft not be forgotten that
althought he come nottwice to one carcaffe, yet hauing eaten his belly full, at his dcpar-
| ture by a wilfull breathing vpon the refidue, he fo corrupteth it,that neuer afterany beaft sus,
will aftthereof : for fo great is the poyfon of his breath, that it putrifieth the flefh, and
alfo in hisowne body after it is fodainely rypped vppe ; the intrals ftinke abhominably. 5.
The reafons whereof I take to betheir great voracitie which cannot but corrupt in their Arifetle
|! ftomacke,and alfo the feldome emptying of their belly, for they vtter their excrements
|! notabouconccein three daies, and then alfo it is exceeding dry like a dogges ftinkiog ab-
| hominably, and fending forth much winde : and becaufe their vrine fmelleth ftrongly,
1| eo Whichalfo they render like a dogge holding vp one of their legges : They neuer make
water, but firft of all they {mell to the tree, I meanethe male Lion: They fall vpon fome
crea-
Aeka ^
phile
|»
| inthem melancholy :they eatetheir meate very greedily, and deuoure many thinges RI
—Ó MT
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Amen. qa pem
<r e
464
The crueltie
of Lions,
Leo Afer
Piles
Herodotus. carry it away in their moutb,althoughitbeas bigge as a Camel: forthey loue Camels 73 |
The hatred
of Lyons and
their feuerall
enemies,
e/Elaus
Ambro[iut
The drinke
ef gions.
The terrours
of Lions and
means wher~
by they pe-
tithe C
_ neth froma fearefull Hart, fhould without all feare killa couragious lyon: and thewriter <4
Plinms
Ambrofé
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
creatures for defire of meate, and efpecially when they are old,and notable to huntthey
goetotownes and villages, to the ftables of Oxen,and foldes of fheepe, and fometimes
to menand deuour them, whereforethey neuer eace hearbes but when they are ficke.
.. Polybius affirmeththat he faw them befiege and compaffeabout many Citties of Af-
frickeyandthereforethe peopletooke and hanged them vp vpon croffes and gallowfes by:
the high waies to the terror of others. Whercforeasthey excell in ftrength and courage,
fo alfo they doe 1n crueltie, deuouring both men and beaftes, fetting vpon troupes ‘of
horfemen; depopulating the flockes, and heards of cattell; carrying fome aliueto their
yoonge ones, killing fiue or fixe at one time, and whatfoeuer they lay holde on; they
fleth exceedingly. one 2 Vos bos: PI
And.therefore the Lions that fetvpon the Camels of Xerxes neither medlediwiththe
men,Oxen,nor vi&uales, but onely the Camels: fo thatit feemeuh no meate isfoaccep-
table vnto them. They hate aboue meafure the wilde Affcs;and hunt an d lillthem;accor-
ding to the faying of the wife man. Leonum venatio eg ager : ithe wilde Affe is the game
of Lions, Ecclus 13. They hatealfothe Toes, and fight with them for their meate;:be-
caufe both of them liue vpon flefh,of whom Grati#s writetb,. 0) bi 2
» Thoes commiffos (clariffima fama) leones: iotapbib sd
Et fubiere afin, c paruis domuere lacertis.
They eate alfo Apes, but more for, Phifickethen fornourifhment :they fet ‘pon Oxen;
viing their owne {trength very prudently, for when they cometo a ftallor heard, they
rerrifieall,that they may take one.-They.eate alfo. yonge Elephants as:we haue; fhewed
before inthe ftorie of Elephants; and fo terrible 1s the roaring ofthe lyon, that-he ter-
rifieth all other beaftes, but beingat his prey, itis faidhe maketh.a circle with, bis taile,
either in the fnowe, or in the duft, and thatall beaftes included within the compafle of
that circle, when they come into it prefently know it,8 dare not for their lines paffe ouer
it, (belecue this who that lift.) (d | bo3toztla e
Itis alfo faid, that when the beaftes doe hieare: his voice, all of them doekeepetheir
ftanding and dare not ftirreafoote, wich affertion wanteth not goodreafon, for by ter-
rouranddread they ftand amazed. And the writer of the Gleffe vponthe Prophet Ames, -
vpon thefe words of the Prophet; Auaquid rugiet leo in falté., nifi habuerit pradam: VN ill 9?
thelion roare, except he haue a pray ? Leo (faith he) Tum famem patitur , [2 videtpredam
dat rugituma quo audito fera flant fixa gradu flupefacta : that is to fay; thelion when heis
hungry andfeeth his prey roareth, and thenall the wilde beaftes ftand ftillamazed.
» They drinke but little, andalfo feldome as we haue faidalreadie, and therefore Cyrus
praifing good fouldiersin Xenophon,vfech thefe words : Fos famem habetis pro ob (onto c
hydropofiande raon toon Leontoon pherete that isto fay, hunger isyour fhambles,and you
are more patient of thirftthen lions, although you drinke water : Notwitbftanding this
great valliancie of lions yet haue they their terrors,enemies, arid calamities, notonly by
men, butalfo by beafts,ouer whom they claime a foueraigntie. VV e haue fhewed already 49 |
inthe ftorie of dogges, that thegreat dogs in Judia and Hircania doc kill lyons,and for-«
fake other beaftes to combat with them. There isa Tigre alfo: called Lawzami which in
many placesis twice as biggeas a lion, thatkilleth them,and defpifeth the huge quantity
of Elephants. Martial alfo writeth, that he {aw atame Tiger ceuoure a wilde lion, A
ferpentor fnake doth eafily kill a lion, whereof Ambro/ias writethvery elegantly.
Eximia leonis pulchritudo per comantes ceruicis toros excutitur,cum fubitoa (erpente os pec-
gore tenus attollitur,itayue Coluber ceruit fugit [ed leone interfcit. The {plendant beantie of
a lion in his long curled maneis quickly abated and allayed when the Serpent doth but
lift vp hisheadto his breft ; for fuch is the ordinance of Godthat the fnakewhich run-
of Saint Marcellus life, Alla O mem dracon. cic. How much more will he fearea great Dra-
gon,againftwhom he hath not power to lift vp his taile: And 4ré/forle wriceth that the ly-
onis afraid ofthe Swine, and Ra/7s affirmeth as much of che Moufe,
The Cockealfo both feene and heard for his voice and combe, isaterrortothelíon
and Bafiliske, andthe lyon runneth from him when he feeth him, efpecially froma white
cocke, |
NR
228 EXEC
Lb Of ibe Lyon. | 4.65
cockeand thereafon hereof, is becaufe theyare both partakersofthe Sunnes qualities in
a high degreeandthereforethe greater body feareth theleffer, becaufe there is a more’ [LONE
| ; A ud ; j nimalia [o-
| eminent and predominant funny propettie inthe Cocke,then in the Lion. TESS
| Lucretius defcribeth this terrour notably, affirming that in the morning when the
Cocke croweth the Lions betake themfelues to flight, becaufe there are certaine feedes
| inthebody of Cockes, which when they are fentand appeareto the eyes of Lions, they
| vexe their pupils and apples, and make them againft nature become gentleand quiet, the
| verfes are thefe :
|
| Quinetiam gallum notte explaudentibus alis
| 10 "Auroram lara con[uetam voce vocare
| Quem nequeunt rapidi cantra conflare leones |
Ing, tueri: ita continuo memtnerefusari
| | Nuymtrum quia [unt gallorum in corpore quad am
Semina : quae quum fint oculis immil[a leon um
Pupillas interfodiunt acremá, dolorem,
| Prebent, vt nequeant contra durare feraces,
SIE exe Stet ae =
|. Wehauefpoken already of the Leontophonus how the rendreth a vrine which poyfoneth.
the Lion; the noyfes of wheeles and chariots doc alfo terrific them according to the fays
20 ing of Seneca, Leonipauida funt ad leuiffimos flrepitus pectora, Thehigh ftomacke ofa Lyon
| is afraid of alittle ftrange noice. Anrhologius hath an excellent Epigram of one of cybels
Priefts,who trauailing in the mountaines by reafon of froft,cold,and fnow, was. driuen.
intoa Lions den, and at night whenthe Lion returned, he fcarred him away by thefound
|. of abell:Thelikealfo (hall be afterward declared of Wolues in their itory. EET:
| They are alfo afraid of fire, Ardente/g, faees quas quamuis.fseuiat borret , For as they.
areinwardly filled with naturall fire (for which caufe by the Egyptians they were dedi-
|". cated to Yidean) fo are they the more afraide of alloutward fite, and fo fufpitious is he. Aelianus
of his welfare, that if he tread vpontherinde or barke of Oke or the leaues of Ofyer,he
trembleth and ftandeth amazed:And Democritus affirmeth that thereis a cextaine herbe,
| go growing no where but in Armenia and Cappadecia, , whichbeing layed toa Lion,maketh, -
"| himtofallprefently vponhis backe and lye vpward without ftirring, and gaping with P/izin
the pue breadth of hismo uth,the reafonwhereof (Pliny faith) is becaufz it cannotba:
bruifed. | í
There is no beaft more defirous of copulation then a lioneffe, and for this caufe Leo 4c,
the males oftentimes fall forth,for fometimes eight, ten, or twelue males follow one li- Their lu& of
oneffe like fo many dogges one fault bitch : for indeede their naturall conftitution isfo *??"la:ien,
hotte, thatat alltimes of the yeare both fexes defire copulation,although Aristotle fee.
meth tobe againft it becaufe they bring forth onely in the fpring. VU de a
| "Lhelioneffe (as we haue (hewedalready) committeth adultery by lying withthe Zb- 4. adultery
ao baydsfor which thing fheis punifhed by, her male if fhewafh not her felfe before the, otlioncftcs.
come.at him, but when fhe ts ready to be deliuered,fhe &ieth to the lodgings ofthe Lib- P7
bards,and there among them hideth her yong ones, (which for the moft partare males) Uy
forifthe male Zion find them, heknoweth them and deftroyeth them, as a baftard and
adulterous iffue,and. when fhe goeth to giue them fucke, fhe faineth as though (hee
went to; hunting. ... . SS ies 022i ar |
By the copulation of a lioneffe and an. Hyzena is the ethiopian Crocuta brought py.
foorth. The Arcaaian dogges called Leontomiges were alío generated betwixt dogges (4i 4 a
and ions: Inall her life long fhebeareth but once, and that but onc at a time, as de- | a3 iH OMM
Jap fecmeth tofet downe.in that fable, where he expreffeth that contention betweene ? M
the lioneffe and the Fox; about the generofitic oftheir yong ones ; the Foxe obiecteth — ^ A a s
o tothe lioneffe, that (he. bringeth forth but one whelpeat atime, buthee ontheconmary, =“ BE nU
begetteth many Cubs, wherein he taketh great delight; vnto whom the lionffe maketh i m
this anfwere :; Parere. fe. quidem vnum fed Leonem; That is to fay, fhee-bringeth N TI
foorth indeede but one, yet that one isa Lyon:for one Lyon. is icut n A N "d
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Phileftratus
Phyfiologus
The Hiftorie of Foure- ooted Beafis.
thoufand Foxes and true generofity confifteth not in popularitie,er multitude, but in the
giftes of the minde ioyned with honorable difcent: The lionefles of Syria beare flue times
in their life; atthe firfttime fine, afterwards but one, and laftly they remaine barren. He-
rodotus {peaking ofother lions, faith they never bearebut one, and that only once,where-
of he eiueth this reafon; that whenthe whelpe beginneth to ftirre in his dams belly, the
length of his clawes pearce through her matrix, and fo growing greater and greater, by
often turning leaueth nothing whole; fo that whenthetime of littering commeth fhe ca-
fteth forth her whelpe and her wombe both together, after which time fhe can neuer bear
more : but I hold this for a fable, becaufe Homer, Pliny, Oppianus, Solinus ,Philes,and Aelt-
anus affirme otherwife contrary,and befides experience fheweth thecontrary.
When Apollonius trauelled from Babilon, by the way they faw alioneffe that was killed
by hunters, the beaft was of a wonderfull bigneffe, fuch a oneas was neuer feene: about
her wasa great cry of the hunters, and of other neighbours which had flocked thither to
feethe monfter, not wondring fo muchat her quantitie, asthat by opening of her belly,
they found within her eight whelpes, whereat Appolonins wondring alittle told his com-
panions that they trauailing now into India fhould be ayeare and eight monthes in their
journey :Forthe one lion fignified by his skill,one yeare, and the eight yong ones eight
monethes. Thetruth is, that a lion beareth neuer aboue thrice, that is to fay, fix at the
firft,and at themoft afterwards, two ata time, andlaftly butone, becaufe thatoné pro-
ueth greater, and fuller of ftomacke, then the other before him;wherefore nature hauing
in that accomplifhed her perfeétion, giveth ouer to bring foorth any more. Within two
monthes after the lioneffe hath conceaued;the whelpes are perfected in her wo mbe,and
at fix monthes are brought foorth bliride; ‘weake, and (fomeare of opinion) without life,
which fo doe remaine three daies together,yntill by the roaring of the male their father,
and by breathing in their facethey be quickned,which alfo he goeth about to eftablifh by
reafon : but they are not worth the relating. J/dorus on the other fide declareth that for
three daies and three nights after their littering they doe nothing but fleepe, and atlaft
areawaked by the roaring of their father : fothat it fhould feeme without controuerfie,
they are fenceleffe fora certaine {pace after their whelping: Attwo monthesold they be-
ginto runneand walke. They fay alfo that the fortitude , wrath, and boldneffe of lions, is
confpicuous by their heate, the young one containeth much humiditie contriued vnto
liim by thetemprament of his kinde,which afterwards by the drineffe and caliditie of his
_compleétiom groweth vifcus and (limie like bird-lime, and through the helpe of the ani-
mall fpirits preuaileth efpecially about his braine, whereby the nerues arefo ftopped, and
the fpirits excluded, that all his power is not able to moue him, vntill his parents partly
by breathing into his face,and partly by bellowing, driue away from his braine that vif-
cus humour: thefeare the words of Phyfiologus whereby he goeth about to eftablith his
opinion: but herein I leaue euery manto hisowneiadgementjin the meane feafon admi-
ring the wonderfull wifedome of God, which hath fo ordered the feuerall natures of his
creatures that whereas the little Partrige can runne fo fooneasit is out of the fhell3& the
‘duckling the firft day fwim ia the water with his dam;yet the harmefull lions, Beares,Ty-
gres,and their whelpes arenot able to fee, ftand, or goe, for many monthes whereby
they are expofed to deftrudtion when they are young, which liue vpon deftriction when
they are olde : fo thatin infancie, God clotheth thé weaker withmore honor.
"There is nocreaturethat loueth her young ones better then the lioneffe5 for both
is fheapheards, and hunters, frequenting the mountaines, doe oftentimes fee how irefully
Alias
Endemus
the fighteth in their defence,receauing the wounds of many darts,& the ftroakes of ma-
ny ftones, the one opening hir bleeding body, & the other preffing the blond out of the
wounds, (tanding inuincible neuer yéelding till death, yea death it felfe were nothing vn-
to her, fo that her yonge ones mightneuer be taken oat of herdén : for which caufe Ho-
mer compareth Aiax to à lioneffe, fighting in the defence of thecarcafle of Pazreclus.Tt
isalfo reported, thatthe male will leadeabroad the yong ones, butit is nor likely thatthe
lyon which refufeth to accompany his female in hinting will fo muich abafe his noble fpi-
rit,as to vndergoe thelioneffes duty inleading abroad the yong ones.InPaneíssa tnóun-
taine of Thracia, there was a lioneffz which had whelpes in her den, the which den was.
obferued
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Of the Lion. Arh ec 4.67
obferued by a Beare, the which Beare on a day finding the den vrifottified bod by the Gilles
abfence of the Lion and the lioneffe, entred into the fame and flew the Lions witelpes af
terward went away, and fearing a reuenge, for her better fecuritie againit the lions rage,
climbed vp into a tree, atid there fat, as inafurecaftleof defence: atlength the lion and
lioneflé returned both home, and finding their little ones dead in their owne bloud, ac-
cording to naturall affection fell both exceeding forrowfill, to fee them fo flaughtered
whom they both loued but fmelling outby the foote the murdeter, followed with rage
vp and downe vntill they came to the tree whereifito tlie Bearé was afcended, and feeing
her, looked both of them gaftly vpon her, oftentimes affaying tó getintothe trec, but
all in vaine, for nature which adorned them with fingular (irén&th and nimbleneffe, yet
had not endued them with power of climbing ; fo thar the treehindting then: from re
uenge, gaue vnto them further occafion of niourning; and vnto the Beare to reioyceat
1o
*
her owne crueltie, and deride their forrow. e ;
Thenthe maleforfooke the female, leauing her to watch tlie treejand he like a mourn-
full father forthe loffe of his children, wandred vp and downe tlie mountaine making
great moaneand forrow, tillat the laft he faw a Carpenter hewing wood, who feeing the
|. lion comming towards him let fall his Axe for feare bat the'lion came very louingly DE
| towards him, fawning gently vpon his breaft with his forefeete; and licking his face with Pw
.. his tongue; which gentleneffe of the lion the man perceauing , he was much'aftoni(hed, m
2o andbeing moreand more embraced, and fawned one by the lion, he followed him, lea- |
uing his Axe behind him which he hadlet ‘fall, which the lion perceauing went backe, E
and made fignes with his foote tothe Carpenter that he fhould take it vp : but the lion et
perceauing that the man did riot vnderftand his fignes, hee brought it himfelfe in his B
mouth and deliuered it vnto him, and fo led him into his Caue where his yongue whelps BLU
lay all embrewed in their owne bloud, andthenledliim where the lioneffe did watch the LAXE er
Beare, fhe therefore fecing them both cómrning;as onethatknew her hüsbands purpofe, m n
Se
P t
did fignifie vnto the man he fhould confider of the’ miferable flaughter of her vongue by, bu a
whelpes, and (hewing him by fignes, that he fhould looke vp intothe tree’where the + Tp RO rr
Beare was, which when the man faw he conie@tured thatthe Beare had done fome gtei- dida
uous iniurie vntothem she therefore, tooke his Axe and hewed downe the tree by the »: and
rootes, which being fo cut,the Beare tumbled downe headlong; which the two furious AE“ams in bi p
D
beaftes feeingthey tore herallto peeces : And afterwards the lion condu&ed the man
vnto the place and worke where he firft met him, andthere left him, without doing the
leaft violence or harme vnto him. © etd dg pino ow d oh iai | Mut
Neither doe theold lions loue their yongue ones invaine and without thankes or re- Therecom- mund
' eompence, for in their old age they requite itagaine ; then do the yongue ones both de- yong Lions mier Gn
| fend them from the annoyances of enemies and alfo maintaine and feede them by tàthe eld, BE hy
their owne labour:for they take them foorth to hunting, and whenas their decrepite and ^ ^^^ ^ VU 0 M
withered eftate is not able to follow the game, the yonger purfueth and taketh it for him: POR P
©). having obtained it,roareth mightily like the voice of fome warning peece; to figuifie vn- Be hist yam
to his elder that he fhouldcome onto dinner, atdif hedelay, hee gocth'tofeckehim —— | i
_ where heleft him, or elfecarrieth the prey vnto him : at the fight whereof in gratulation - Me
| of natural kindneffe and alfo for ioy of good fücccffe, the olde one firftlickethand kif- T ht al i
| : y e, e , * ' i i |
| feth the yonger, and afterward enioy the bootie in common betwixt them. : T
|
|
cocum. x
Admirableis the difpofition of lions, both in their courage; focietie; and loue, for efriffztie d a MI
they lone their nouri(hers and other men with whom they are conuerfant : they are nei- PIN. is H i D
ther fraudulent nor füfpitious, they neuerlooke awry or {quinte,and by their good wils iion; to their 3 [vs
theywouldneuerbelookedvpon. ^^ ^ ey tick benefactors, A
| TE aedis Th
| Their clemencie in that fierce and angry nature isalfo worthy commendation, and ,/ 5...
p
: of their re» d oe
| tobe wondered at in fuch beaftes, for if one proftrate himfelfe vnto them as it werein pe- uenge. Turn
tition for his life, they often {pare except ia extremitie of famines and likewife they fel. ?4y EN X
dome deftroy women or children: and if they fee women, children, and men togither, °°” BA |
| theytake the men whichare ftrongeft and refufe the'other as weaklings and vnworthie . aa Me d
| their honor ;andif they fortuneto be harmed by a dart or ftone by any man, accor- Du.
ding to the qualite of the hurt, they frame their reuenge ; for if it wound not;they Pu n i fi |
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Pliny.
Solinws.
Textor.
Albertus.
nifhmebte; oo) Parl wolthnc oenct aca ? bri dos
Thereisan excellent (tory ofa Souldior in Arabia,.whoamong other his colleagues
rode abroad on geldings to fce fomewilde Lyons: row.geldings- are fo fearefull by na«
ture, that wherethey conceiue any feare,no wit or force of manis ableby fpurre and rod
forward to his fellowes.At laf the Souldior road betwixt him and his fellowes which were
onebefore, and ran at his head with his {pear,bue miffed it,and fel from his horfe to the
earth, thenthe Zyon came vnto him aod tooke his head in his mouth, which was armed
with a Helmet, and preffing it ali:tle did wound him, but notkill him, taking of. him no
more revenge, then might requite the, wrong receiued, but notthe wrong intended; for
generally they hurt no more then they are harmed.. MOAT |
There is an obfcure Authour that artributeth fuch mercy and clemency toa Beafte
"which he calleth Melofus, for he perfecuteth. with violence and open mouth ftout men,
andalwhom he is ableto refift, butyet isaffraid ofthecrying of children.It is probable
that he miftaketh itfor the Lyon, for befides him, Ehaue not reád ofany Beaft thatfpa-
reth young children.Salizus affirmeth that many Captiues hauing bene fetat liberty,baue
met with Lyonsasthey returned home, weake, ragged,ficke, and difarmed, fafely with-
out receiuing any harme.or violence. /
20
Andin Zybra the peoplebelceue that they vnderftand the petitionsand entreatin gs of
them that {peakto them for their lines:for there was a certaine captiue woman comming
|
home againeinto Getulia her natiue country through many woods, was fet vpon by ma-
ny Lyons;againft whom flievíed no other weapon but only threatnings and faire words,
falling down on herknees vnto them, befeeching them to fpare her life, telling them that
fhe was a firanger,a captiue, awanderer, a weake,a leaneand loft woman, and therefore — |
beaftes as they :at which 30) 3
not worthy tobee deuouredby fuch couragious and generous
words they fpared her, which thing fhe confeffed after her {afereturne: the name of this
woman was called szba, Although about this matter there befundry opinions ef men,
fome making queftion whether it be true, that the Lyon will fpare a proftrate fuppliant,
making confeffion vnto him that heeis ouercome ;yetthe Romans did fo generally be-
leeuc it, that they caufed to beinfcribedfo much vpon the gates of the great Roman pal-
“Jace ín thefetwo verfes 5 .-
qratusrecolas quam nobilss ira leowis.
zn fibi proflv atas - [e negat effe feram.
Itis reported alfo, that i£ a manandanother beaft be offered at onetime toalyonto take
his choife, whether ofboth he will deuoure,he fpareth the manand Killeththe other beaft.
"Thefe lions are not onely thus naturally affe&ed; but are enforced thereunto by chance
andaccidentall harmes, As may appeare by thefe examples following, Mentor the Syra«
cifanas hétrauailedin Syria met witha Lyon, that at his firftfight fell proftrate vn to bim,
roling himfelfe vpon the earth like fo me diftreffed creature, whereat the man was much
amazed, and not vnderítanding the meaning ofthis beaft, he indeauored to runaway; the
beafte ftillouertooke him, and met him in the face, licking his footítepes ikea flatterer,
fhewed him his heele, wherein hee did perceiue a certaine fwelling, whereat heetookea
good heart, going vnto the Lyon, tooke him by the legge, andfeeinga fplint fticking
therein, hee pulled it forth, fo delinering the Beaft from paine;forthe memory ofthis
fa&, the pi@ure of the man and the Lyon wereboth pi&ured together in Syracufis , vn*
till Plyniestime, as hee reporteth. The like ftory is reported of Elpis the Samiam, who
comming into Affticke by (bippe , and there goyng a fhore, had not walked ae
| arre
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Of the Lion. 4.69
far on the land, but he met witha gapinglyon, at which being greatly amazed, he clim-
bed vp into a tree, forafmuch as there was no hope of any other. fii ght, and prayed vnto
Bacchus (who in that Countrey is efteemed as chiefe of the Gods ) to defend him, as hee
thoght from the iaws of death : but the lion feeing him to climb intothetree ftood ftiljand
layed himfelfe downe atthe roote thereof, defiring him in a manner, by his heauy roa-
ring to take pitty vppon him, gaping with his mouth and fhewing him a bone fticking in
his testh, which through greedinefle he fwallowed, which did fo paine bim, that he could
| eate nothing: at the laftthe man perceiuing his mind, (moued by a miracle ) layed afide
| all feare, and came downe to the dumbe-fpeaking diftrefied Lyon, and eafed him of that
| ro mifery : which being performed he not onely (hewed himfelfe thankefull for the prefent
| time, butlike the beft natured honeft man, neuer forfooke fhore, butonce aday came to
|." fhew himfelfro the man his helper. During the time that they abode in thofe quarters;8<
| therefore E/Pis did afterward dedicated a temple vnto Bacchus in remembrance thereof.
And this feemethto me moft woonderfull, that Zyoris fhouldkuowthe vertue ofmens
| curing hands abone other creatures ,& alfo come vnto them againftnature & kind, but fo
| much is the force of eui] & pain;that it altereth al courfes of fauage minds and creatures.
| When 4ndrecles a feruant ranne away from a Senator of Rome, becaufe he had com- Aelianns
| ' mittedfomeoffence, (but whathis offence was I knownot)and cameinto Affrica, leauing G#lias.
| theCittics and places inhabited to come intoa defert region: Afterward when Azdrecles rob
| 20 had obtaineda maifter being Confull of that prouince of Affrica, hee was compelled by tior ofi Ly
daily ftripesto runaway that his fides might bee free ftom the blowes of his maifter,and on.
went into the folitary places of the fieldes, and the fandes of the wilderneffe : and if hee
fhould happen to ftand in neede of meat, he did purpofe to end his life by fome meanes
|. erother: and there hee was fo fcortched with the heate ofthe funne, that at laft fiading
out a caue, he did couer himfelfe from the heate ofit therein : and this caue was alyons
den.But after that the lyon bad returned from hunting, (being very much painedby rea-
fon ofa Thorne which was faftened inthe bottom ofhis foore) vttered forth füch great
Jamentation and pittifull roaringes, by reafon of his wound, as that it (hould feeme, hee
| didwantfomebody tomake bis moane vnto for remedy 5 atlaft comming tohis caue,
3o and finding a young man hid therein, hee gently looked vpon him,and beganasit were
to flatter him, and offered him his foote, and did as wellashee could pray him to pull out:
the peece of {plint which wastherefaftened. — —
But the man atthe firft was very fore aftaid of him, and made no other reckoning but
of death : butafter that he faw fucha huge fauage beaft fo meckeand gentle, beganneto
thinke with bimfelfe, chat furely there was fome fore on thebottom of thefoote of the
beaft, becaufe he lifted vp his foote fo vnto him, andthen taking couragevnto him, lifred Gillins,
vppethelyons foot, and found in the bottom ofit a great peece of fplint, which he pluck-
ed forth,and fo by that meanes eafed the lyon ofher paine, and preffed forth the matter
which was in the wound, and did very curioufly without any great fearethroughly dry it,
| | 4o and wipe away the bloud : the lyon being eafed of of his paine,laid himfelfe downeto rcft;:
Pliny.
putting his foot intothe hands of Androcles. ;
With the which cure the lion being very welpleafed, becaufe he handled him fo curti-'
oufly and friendly, not onely gaue him fora recompence his life, butalfo went daily a-
| broadto forrageand brought home the fatteft of his prey. Amdrecles whomall chis while
|. (cuenforthe {pace of three yeares) he kept familiarly, without any note of cruelty ores
| uillnature in his denjand there the man and thebeaftliued mutually at one commons, |
| the mairoafting hismeate in the whotfiin, andthelyon eating his part raw, according ^ T
|. tokinde. When hehad thus liued by the {pace of three yeares, and grewweary of fucha a
| _ habitation, life, and fociety, he bethought himfelfe offome meanes to depart; and ther-
fore ona day when the lion was gone abroad to hunting, the man tooke his iourny away
| so ftom thathofpitality,and after he had trauailed three daies (wandering vp and down) he
| was apprehended by thelegionary fouldiers : towhom he told his long life and habitati- - |
__ onwiththelyon,and howheranneaway from his maifter a fenator of Rome, which when NA en m
|^ theyvnderftood;theyalfo fenthim home againeto Rome tothe Senator. | hi |
^ Andbeingreceiued by his maifter; he was guilty offo greatand foule faults, that he was Dus yt |
|
| Sf con- VUE NN
|
4.70 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
condemned to death, andthe manner of his death was, to be tornein peeces of Wilde
beafts. Nowthere were at Romeinthofe daies many great, fearefull,cruel!,and rauening
beaftes, and among them many Lyons, it fortuned alfo that fhortly afterthetaking of |
the man, theaforelaid Libyan Zyon with whom heeliued long, feeking abroade tor his ]
companion and man-friend , was taken and brought to Rome, and there put among the |
refidue, who was the moftfierce, grim, fearefull and Savage, aboueall other in the com-
pany,and the cies of men were more faftened vppon him thenall other befide. When
Androcles was brought forth to his execution, and caftin among thefe Sauagebeaftes, — ^|
this Lyon atthe firft fight looking ftedfattly vppon him, ftood ftillalittle,and then came to |)
toward him foftly, and gently,{melling to himlikea Dogge, and wagging his taile :the
poore exanimat and forlorne man not looking for any thing but prefent death, trembled
and was fcarceable to ftand vprightin the prefence of fuch a beaft notonce thinking vp-
on the Lyon that had nouri(hed him folong, but the Beaft Accepts benefici] memore, mind-
fullof former friend (hip; licked gently his hands and legs, and fo went round about him
touching his body, and fo the man beganto know hins,and both of them to congratulate
each other in that theirimprifoned occurrence; and to fignifie to all the beholders their
*-- formeracquaintaunceand conuerfation, the mao by ftroking and kiffing the Lyon; and
the Lyon by falling downe proftrateat the mans feet. In the meane time a Parda ll came
with open mouth to deuoure the man, butthelion rofe vp againft hirand defended his old
friend, and (he being inftant,the liontore her in pieces to the great admiration ofthe be- 20
Gilline. holders, as it could not othe rwifethufe. Then Cafarwhich had caufed thofe fpe@acles,
fent for the man, and asked him the caufe of that fo rare and prodigious an event,who in-
continently told him the ftory before expreffed. The rumor whereof was quickly {pred a-
broad among the people, and tables of writing were made of the whole matter, and final-
Appion, lyalimenagreed that it was fit that both themanandthelion fhould be pardoned and re-
ftored co liberty : and afterward (faith appen all the people (and beholders of thatcome-
dy) were futors to the Senatfor the accomplifhmentthereof, and fo the man was pardo- |
ned, and the lion was giuen vito himfora reward or fuffrage, who led him vp and downe
the flreets ina leame orflip, Azdrecles.receiuing mony, and thelionadorned withflowers — 3
atid garlands, and all men that faw or met them, laid: Hic eft leo he/pes hominis bic eff bomo 3° ©
medi cus leonis, Here goeth the lion which was this mans Hoffyand here 15 the man whithwasthis —. 3
tM lions Phifitian.Seneta a\fo in his book de beneficys out of Gellius writethío muchof another
weaned lion: and indeed there is no man or other beaft more fixed and conftant in their Ioue and
" - frendthip, or more ready to reuenge thebreach of amity and kindneffe, then isa lion ; as
"n Sr ue of appeareth by this ftory of Eudemus who writeth ofa certaine young man,that henourifh-
Th Lyons. edtogether many years,adog,a beare, anda lyon, who lived in perfe& peace and con-
| cord without breach, {narling,or apparance of anger.On a day as the bear and dog play-
| edtogether and biting oneauother gently, it happened that the dog faftened his reeth(in
{port) deeper then the beare could digeft, and therefore prefently he fell vpon him, and
with his clawes tore out the foft partof his belly, whereof he prefently dryed: Thelyon 49
Ss
= a = SS SS SSS SS SS SSS SSS a ~ ~ eee =~ E EMG
= 3 Seas C C TIPS SSS SS = ee e. A PIC ee
—À —— — — = ee c UE = — Tm ee +S 4
pce ess
ee ea Se aes tM
n
=
) ME fitting by ,and feeing this cruelty and breach of loue, amity, and concord, among them
Wi that had fo longliued together; fellto be inflamed to reuenge thatpexfidy 5 and like a true
i Achants. — Xing of beafts, meafured the fame meafure to the beare as he had done to the dog,and fer-
ued him withthe fame fauce, tearing him inftantly in. pieces, Thereis alfo in thelife of S.
a Jerome, a {tory of alion, that was cured by him, as you haue read before the lyon was by
l Elpis and that th ebeaft in gratitutde of that goodturne;did euer afterward follow.theatfe
which brough him home his carriage and prouifion through the woods; Till atlaft the li-
on beingafleepe, the Affe was ftollenaway, for forrow whe rofthe lion put himfelfe in the
ui Affés (tead ,to beare burthensas he did * within fhort time after he found out the Affein
Ul Tet. —— thetheeusftable;and broght bim home again: but Iam of Era/mus mind concerning this so
W Diodorns, otystharthe Author thereof tooke vpon bim towrite wondersand not truth/Ehe Kings ... |
aH ofEgyptand Syria did keepe tame lions, to accompany themintotheir wars which.were
| The clemen led about their owne bodies for their guard and coftody;againft all perilland inuafion.
a T DUAL Itis alfo very pertinentto this place, to-expreflethe clemency ofthefe beaftes towardes
j| n. the martyts and feruants of [efus Chrift; both metiand women; that fo we may obferue
M the
eee eae
20
| $6
"Of the Lion.
the performance and accomplifhment of that prophefie Pfal. 91. That they fhould walke
upon the Alpe and the Cockatrice, and [ofely tread upon the lion and the Dragons This weate
not to attribute to the natureof lions,but rather to the overruling hand of ours and their
Creatorwhoin remembrance of his own promife,and aduancement of his own glory ,fto-
peththe mouth of lions, and reftraineth all violence both of liuing creatures and ele-
ments, yet I wil not impofeany neceffity of belceuing thefe ftories vpon the reader;for I
my felfereportthem not for trueth, but becaufethey are written. VVhen S. Anthony
wentaboutto make a graue for the interring ofthe carkafle of. Paule the ficft Anacherite,
and wanteda fhouellor fpadeto turne vpthe earth, there cametwo lions, and withtheir
TU)
Textor.
clawes opened the earth fo wide and deepe, that they performed therein che office ofa |
? good graue-maker. The prophet Daniell was caft intothe lions, to whom (according to
the Babilonian ftory) was giuen for their diet euery day, two condemned men, and two
fheep, and yet by power of the almighty whom hee ferued; the Angell ofthe Lord came
downand ftoptthe Lyons mouths, fo thatin extremity of hunger, they neuer fo much
as made force as him, but fat quietly at his feet like fo many little dogs ; by which meanes
he efcaped all peril and torments of death. Eleutherius being caft to the lions at the com-
maund of Adrian the Empetor, and Prifeaa noble Vergin, atthe commaundof Clandins
Cafar, both of them in their feuerall times, tamedthe vntamed beaftes and efcaped
death.
Macarius being in the wilderneffe or Mountains, it fortuned that a Lioneffehad a den neer
vito his cell, wherein fhe had long‘nourifhed blind whelps, to whom the holy man (as it is
reported) gaue che vfe of their eie and fight sthe Zioneffe requited the fame with fuch gra-
tification as lay in hespower, for thebrought-him very many fheepe-skins to cloth & co4
ver him. Primus,and Foelicianus, Thracus, Vitus, Modeftus, and Crefcentia,ailmartyrs, be«
ing caft vntolions, receiued no harme by them atall, but the beafts lay down at their feet:
and became tame, gentle, and meeke, not like themfelues; but: rather like Doues. When
a beareanda lion fell vpon Tee/a the verginya’Martyr,a Lioneffe cameand fought eagar-
ly in her defence againft them both. When Martina the Daughter of a Confull could not
be terrified or drawen from the Chriftian faith by any imprifonment,chaines or ftripes;
nor allued by any faire words to factificeto Apolle, there was alion broughtforthto béry
at the commaundement of Alexanderthe Emperor, to deftroy her ; whoaflooneas hee
faw her, hee lay downe at her feet wagging his taile, and fawning in alouing and fearefull
manner, as if he had bin more in loue with her prefence, then defirous to liftvp one of his
haires again ft her. The like may be faid of Daria a virgin in the daies of Numecrian the Em-
pstor; who was defended bya Lioneffe, but I fpareto blot much paper withthe recital of
thofe things(which if they be true)yetthe Authors purpofe intheir allegatiz is moft pro«
phain,vnlawful and wicked,becaufe he thereby gocthaboutto eftablifh miraclesin faints,
which are long agone ceafed in the church of God.
Some Martyrs alfo haue beene detioured by lyons, as Zzpatius Bifhop of Axtioch, Sa- v. sexo uc
tyrus and Perpetua, he vnder Traian the Emperor, and they vnder Valerian and \Galicnus$, red by Ly-
4° In holy fcripture there is mention made of many men killed by lions. Firft of all it is me- 9^5.
morable ofa prophet t King 13.that was fent by the almighty vnto Jereboam,to cry out a-
gainflthealterat Berhell,andhim that ere&ed that altar, with charge x hat he fhould nej-
thereatenor drinkein thatplace.' © EIQOAG |'£30« fi là
Afterwatd anold prophet which dweltin that place hearing thereof, came vnto the
Prophet;and told himthat God had commaunded him to goe after him; and fetch him:
backe againe to his houfe to eate and drinke ; wherewithal being deceiued; he came back
with hint contrary tothe commaundement ofthe lord giuen to himfelfe : whereupon as:
they fatatmeate, the prophet tharbeguiled him, had a charge from God to prophefiea~
gainfthimsand fo hedid: afterward as he went homeward a lion met himand killed him,
arid ftood by thecorps, and his Affenot eating of them till the old prophet came andtook
him awayto bury him. oma c RA Veces ens oe
Inthetwentieth chap. ofthefame book of Kings,ther is another ftory ofa prophet;whichi,
ashee went by the way heemet witha man, - dbadein thename of the lordto wound
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47.
Aelianus
Plutarch
‘in Andagaines:
Men that
haue ouer-
come lions.
foone as thou art departed, a lyon foall meete thee and defiroy thee: and fo it-came:to paffe ;
felfe vpon the point of on¢and the fame fword. \ 9°)
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
and finite him, buthe would nor, preferring pittiebefore the feruice, of the Lords:well
¢faidthe Prophet vnto him) fecing thou refufeft to obey the voice of the Lord,Behold as
fot being outofthe prefence ofthe Prophet; a lion met him and tore-himin peeces;
The idolotrous people-that were placediat Jerufalemby the King of Babel were de-
ftroyedby. lions, and vate thefe examples of God hisiudgements, 1 will adde other out
of humane ftories. Paphages aKing of Ambracia,meeting a lioneffeleadingher whelpes, — |
was fuddenly fet vpon by herand torre inpeeces, vpon whom Ovid made thefe veríes z; |
1 271 , — sed : : 10
Feta tibi occurrat patrio popularis ip arto.
Sitá, paphagea caufaleana nccis.
Hyas the brother of Hyades , was alfoflaine by alioneffe;. The people called Ampraciore
in Afrique, doe moftreligioufly worthip alioneffe, becaufe a notable tyrant which did
opprefic them was flaine by {uch an one. There is a mountaine’ necre. the riuet,Jmdus
(called Litaus) of a (hepheard (o named, whichin that mountaine did, moft fuperftiti-
oufly worfhippe the Moone and contemned all other Gods, his facrifices were perfor-
med inthe night feafon 5 at length faiththe Author) the Gods bemgiangry with him;
‘fent vnto him a couple of lions who torehim in peeces, leauing no monument behind
but thenánieofthe mountaine for the accident of his cruell death, sd inter 28
- The inhabitants of thatmountaine weare in their cares a certaine rich: ftlone<called — |
Clitoris) whichis very blacke, and bred nowhere elfe but in that place, There isa known |
forie of the two: Babilonian louers, Pyramiasand This^ey whoia the nighttimehadco-
uenanted to meete at a fountaine’ neere the fepulchreof Ninus, and Thysbecomming — |
thither firft; asfhe face by the fountaine; a lioneffe being thirftie;came thither to drinke
water (afterthe flaughterof an Oxe:),at the fight whereof, Thyshe ranne away and let
fall her mantell, which the lione ffe findingtore icin peeces with her blondy teeth.
Afterward came Pyramus, and fecing her mantell all,bloody and torne afunder, fuf-
pe&ing that fhe that joued him, being before him at: the appointed place had béene kil-
led by fome wilde beaft, very inconfiderately drew forth his fword, and thruft thefame 3°!
through his owne body; andbeing fcarcedead; Thyshe came againe; and feeing her lo-
uer lye inthardiftreffe; as one loue, one caule, one affe&ion had drawenthem into-one
lace,andthere one feare had wroughtone of their deftru&ions, fhealfo facrificed her
^ "There was alfo in Scythia a cruell tyrant (called Therodomas)-who:was wont,to caft
men to lions tobe deuoured of them ,and for that caufe did nourith priuately many ly-
ons: vnto this crueltie did.Owd allude, faying : 15) i ha Mee
eos terherodomantaos vt qui fenfére leonese . 0920 80 : penc
c Ngntibi Therodomas crudufg,vocabitur, Atreus.
z
Vnto this difcouifeof the bloud-thirftie crueltie of lyons, youmay adde the puiffant ~~
lory of them, who both infacred and prophane ftories arefaidto haue deftroyed ly-;
ons. When Samp/on went downeto Themnathy itis fid, that.a-yoong lyon-inet bim
roaring to deftroy him, but che fpitit of the- Zord.came'ypon him; and he tore itin pee-
cés like a Kid ; wherein he was a typeof, Iefus Chrift, who in like forebeing fetvpon by
the roaring bf the diuell and his members; did witli facilitie (throbgh bis divine nature)
veterly ouerthrow che malice ofthe divell. Afterward ;sampfon.went downe tothé: Phi-
liftine. wonian whom heloued and returning,found that Bees hàd'entred into the dions 5°
carcafle andthere buildéd, whereupon he propoundedthis riddle, 4 warati exiupt bass
ch ex farti egreffaeft dulcedo : Out of the deuourer came meate, and outof the frong.came ——
Jieeetenelfesc5 : |
3 7051 wart Mert f Pare rn, U nu : 4 esta inj 9
TUTIXAC
wr? 4 4 i i T4 » ;
\
. H
P enata
>
* ley Sn 0:
BROOCH. 217 i AO UO i ii
E
7
,
| | Of the Lion.
Benaia the fonne of sJehoiada oneof Dauids worthies, did in the VVinter time in the
Ínowkilla Lion in a ditch: Dawid himfelfe feeding his fathers flocke, flew a Lion and
a Beare which had robbed him of a Lambe.
It is reported of Perdicas (one of the Captaines of Alexander) a valiant man,that he
went alone into the den ofalioneffe, but nor finding her therein, tooke away her whelps
| and broughtthem foorth to the admiration of al! men; for the lioneffe both among the
Barbarians and Greciansis accounted the ftrongeft and moft vnrefiftable beaft. In the
Northerne parts of the world(faith Paw/anias) neere the monuments of Alemesand Hyl-
| dws, the fonnes of Hercules, there was a Lyon which flew many people; and at [aft alfo
| 1o Enippus the onely fonne of King Megarews 5 whereatthe King grew fo forrowfull and an-
grie, thirfting after reuenge, that he promifed to the man that could ouercome him his
daughter and the fucceflion of his kingdome: There was a noble aad valiant yong man
. called Alcathws,who vndertooke the action and killed the Lion, for which thing he ob-
___ tained both the wifeand the kingdomeaccording tothe promife of Megarews,and there-
| — forein thankfulneffe of fo good fortune, he builded there a famous Temple dedicating
| — itto Diana, Agrotera, and Apollo Agraus. boo pi
Wehaue fpoken before of Zy/imachus, vnto whom we may adde Polydamis the Seas
$#f ean, who in all things he tooke in hand, propounded vnto himfelfe the example of Her
eiles,and didkilla Lion of monftrous ftature and bigneffe, being vnarmed, in the moun:
20 taine Olympus, as atanother time he held a Buls leg fo faft in his hand, that while the beaft
ftroueto loofe himfelfe heleftthe hoofe of his foote behinde him. VVhen Hereules was
a boy or ftripling, beflewthe Tewmeftan Lion in Teumefus amountaine of Beoria, and
pulled'off his skinne which euer after he wore. infteede of-a cloke. This Zion is alfo
calledia Nemean Lion, yetfomeare of opinion that the Namean Lion,was another called
alfothe Molorcheon, becaufe hauing killedthe fonne of Molorchushe perfwaded Hercules
which did foiorne with him,to take reuenge in his ftead. .
"From whence the Nemaar facrifices is performed by the Grecians in remembrance
of Hercules sand Lacan maketh mention of this Nemaaz Lion inthis verfes:! ^
bg Si feuum premieres Nemaum fanaleonem 0,00 05 oot 6n
| $e And vpon the den of thelion was a Temple builded and dedicated to mpiter Nenzeus.
Vavinus {peaking of the Newear lion telleth this ftory thereupon, whereas faith he, the
faid lion could not bekilled with any fword, dart, or other fharpe inftrumient; Hercules
tore bim in peeces with his handes without all weapons ,andafterward wore his skinne iti
remembrance of that vi&orie : Ithappenedon a day that as lie trauailed' he met with
his friend Telamon who wanted children, of whom he was intreated that he would make
| facrifice to Iupiter for him inthat weedeor garment, and alfo intreate for a fonne.Her-
| éulesyeelded;andtaking the golden cenfer in his hand, made the facrifice andfu pplicati«
on to Zupiter, that Telamos might haue a fonne, andas he facrificed,an Eagleflew ouer
| them,whichin Grecke is called Actos, wherefore when Hereules faw the farue; he chars
(| 4o ged Pelamon chathis fonne fhould be called 4z/es that is;an/Eagle : and fo hewas,but
| — afterward he was called Aiax, and wore continually that Zyons skinne which was giuen
|^ him by Hercules:and therefore he could not be wounded : ButItake this to be bura fable:
rather this was the truth. : is | D5os uss ,13:
| 2-"2Mil was a valiant fouldier, and fo warily carried himfelfe in: many battailes, that
heneuerréceiued wound, butatlaft he flew himfelfe with his owne fword thrufting ic
thorough hisnecke ;and for this caufe it was fabled ; that he neuer could be wounded,by
a vertue (as was imagined)conferred on him from Hercules. Ouid hath a wittie:fi&tioncof
one Phyllins who fell fo deepely inloue witha little boy, thatat his pleafüre hetooke na:
|. Ry wildebeafts,bitds, and Zions,and tamed them tothe delight of his Amafius: at length
|) © the infatiable boy réquited him to ‘doe the like-by:a Bull, which: hee had óuercome;
| go bucPAysus denying thatrequeft;theboy prefeady caft himfelfe-downe.frdmi_arocke,
aiid was afterward tarned into a Swanne by which: the Poet declareth; the vnmet-
fall regard which wretchleffe and childith mindes beare towardes thegreateftlabors
| anddeferte of thebe(t-menjandthat in fuch fociety a E is no longer beloued; ES
ts ma VS: an s omd Man std
473
¢ }
———
—'' (erae ar ee A p
LR Es I. - z
B uu i | 474. The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts. |
he giveth, alfo the deniall of one {mall requefk cannot be endured although a thoufand
good turnes haue gone before it, wherefore fuch mindes may well be transfufed into |
Swatines, which forfake their owners and breeders,going and fwimming farre from their
firftand proper habitation. | |
M Hauing but mentioned fuch a ftory, itis not exorbitant to adde in one worde other q
Men transfi~ : ? ma : : : : ;
gured into fictions of metamorphofing, and transfiguring men into Lions, which we promifed in
Lions accor- the former difcource of Amafis & Apollonius when I difcourted of the foode of Lions.
es. And firít of all, itisnot vaproper to remember the caution of Tzmeus the Pythago- |
ran who affirmeth,that the mutation of men into beaítes is but a fi&ion broughtun ro |
for theterrour of wicked men, who feeing they cannot be reftrained from viceforthe |
loueof well doing, they may be deterred for the feareof punifhment, which is meant by
fuch beaftly tranímigrations. . . -151d
Olympicde- - Andchisthing isthought to be moft confonantto the opinion of Plato, for in cofifi-
rise derationof the habite and notof thekinde, a good houfe-keeperr and. charitable nou-
ri(hing man isfaid to be tranfmuted intoa tree: he which liueth by catching and fnatch-
ing, toferue his owne concupifcence into a Kite, he which for loue of military difcipline
and martial affaires into a lion, he that was a tyrant and a deuourer of men into a dra-
gon: & Empedocles alfo faid, thatif a man depart this naturall life and be tranfmutedin-
to a bruite beaft, it is moft happieft for him if bis foule goc into a lion: but if he loofe
his kindeand fences and betranfmuted into a plant, then is it beft tobe metamorpho- 20 |
fed into a. Laurell or Bay tree. And for thefe caufes we read of Hippo. chaunged into a
lion, and Atlas into a lioneffe, andthe like I might fay of Proteus, of the Curetes, and
others :and generally all the Eafterne wife men beleeued the tranfmigration of fpirites
from oneinto another, andinfinuatedfo much to their fymmifts. and diíciples, making
little or rio difference betwixt the natures of men and bruite beatts.
Therefore they taught that alltheir Priefts after death were turned into lions, their
Porphyrite | religious Veftals or women into: Hyznaes, their feruaunts or minifters inthe temples
about the feruice.of their. vaine Gods into Crowes and: Rauens, the fathers of families
into Eagles and Hawkes, butthofe which ferued the Leonticke aulters ; meaning Ne-
mea [aera infticuted for the honont of Hereuleswere transformed diverfly: but ofalithefe 3° | |
we haue already expreffed our opinion, namely to beleeue and thinke fo bafely of man-
kind,cteated after gods imageas once to conceiue or entertaine one thought of fuchipaf-
fing of one from another, were moftlewdand diabolicall ; but to.conceaue thémas alle-
gories by whichthe mindes of the wife may be inftrii&ed in divine things, and God his -
judgements; as 1t is poeticall,fo isitnot again{tany point of learning or good religion.
The ynder- As thát which hath beene already expreffed moft notably defcribeth the nature of
ftanding of. the lion, fo that fücceédeth hath the fame vie forthe manifeftation of the dignityand
Lyons. honor ofthis: beaft,Firftofall therefore to begin with his vnderftanding,and to fhew how
neere hee commeth tothe nature of man. Itis reported by Eliawws, that in. Zybia, they.
retaine great friend(hip with men, enioying many things in comnion with them; and 49
drinking at the fame well or. fountaine. S10W | | FRE
Andifat any time he being deceiued in his hunting, and cannot get to fatiffie hun-
ger, then gocthhe to the houfes of men, andthere if he finde thé manat home), he will
enter in and deftroy, except by wit, policie,and ftrength, he berefifted ; but if he finde
no: mán biit onely women, they by rayling on him 3nd rebukes, drine him aways which
thing argueth his vnderftanding of the Zyhias tongue ; The fumme.and manriet ofthofe
fpceches and wordes which fhe .vfeth:to affright and, turne them away from entering
houfes, arethefé: -..« iy vod abil x diWwero! h ot 1loi odir, zd
Arnot tham a[Damted being a Lyon the King of. beafles to come tomy poore cottage te
Legge meate at the handes of aweman ? and like a ficke man diftreffed with the weakneffeof 59
hottie to fallintothe handes of a woman that by hermercy thou mayeft atiaine thofethinges
| which arerequifite for thy owne maintenance and fuflentation? yea rather thou fhouldeft keepe —
in the mountaines and linein them,by hunting the Hart ana other beafis prowidedin nature far
the lions foode, and not after the fafbion of little bale dogges , come and liue in boufes ta take
aneate at the hands of men and women. -
f 4 |
By
Of the Lion. Qiu Y ATS :
By fuch like words fhe enchanteth the mind of the Zyon, fo tharlikea reafonable perfon
ouercome with ftrong arguments, notwith{tanding his owne want, hutiger and extremi-
ty, he cafteth his cies to the ground afhamed and afli&ted, and departeth away without a-
ny enterprife: Neither oughtany iudicious or Wife-man thinke this thing to beineredi-
ble, for wefeethat Horffesand Degges whichliueamong men, and hearetheir.coninu-s
| allvoices do difcerne alfo their termes of threatning, chiding, & rating,andfo:ftand irr
| — aweofthemsandthereforethe Lyons of Libia, whereof many are brought vplike Dogs
in houfes, with whom the little children play, may well come tothe knowledge andwnder-
ftanding ofthe Maury/ian tongue. TUSEI IC
It is alfo faid they haue vnderftanding ofthe partes of men and Women, and difcerne r, | 77;,,
16 (exes,andareindued with a naturall modefty ,declyningthefight of womens priuy parts.
And vnto this may be added the notable ftory ofa Lioriin'England(declaredby crantzi-
| — wsywhich by euident tokens was able to diftinguifh betwixtthe King; nobles, and vulger
|. fortofpcople. | UR | scis ata SA The anger of
| Astheeares of Horffes, area note of their generofity; fo isthe taille oflyons, when it dic Ege
ftandeth immoucable, it fheweth that he is pleafant, gentle, mecke; vnmoued, ánd'aptto thereof,
endure any thing, which falleth out very feldome, for iu the fight of men heeis feldome
foundwithoutrage. In his anger,hefirft ofall beateth the earth with his taile, afterwards
his owne fides, and laftly leapeth vponhisprey or aduerfary. Some ¢reatures vfe to wag
ao their tailes, when they fee fuddenly thofe which are of their acquaintance, as Dogges ;
butlyons and Bulles, do itfor anger and.wrath..The-réafon both ofotieand other, is thus
rendered by Aphredi[us. . SONS s TDG MANY 3 WK
The back-bone of {uch beafts is hollow; and containeth in it marrow, which reacheth
tothe taile, and thereforethere is inthe taile akinde ofanimall motion, and power, For
which caufe when the beaftfeeth one of hisacquaintance, hee waggeth his taileby way of "Y
falutation forthe fame reafon that meh-fhake hands.for chat partistlieréadieftandimbs — c
Jeft member of his body;but Bülsand lions are conftrained to clie wagging of their.cailes
forthe fame reafon that angry men arelight fingered, and apt to'flrile : forwhenthey
cannot haue füfficient power to reuenge, they either {peake if they be men, orelfe barke
o ifthey be Dogges, or fmite their fides with their taileif they belions;'by that meanes vt-
Adamantite
Albertus ,
tering the furicof their tageto the eafe of nature, which they carinot to the full defire of
'renengeo 152200 201619912511 git bneagsin v12 "dwrertoil vase
Bur wehaue fhewed beforethatthelion ftriketh his fides with his taile, for the ftrring
vp of himfelfe againft dangerousperils;for which caufe Lucan compareth Cafar in: his
warlike expedition, at Pharfalra againft his owne Countrey’, before his paffage ouer Rw-
bicon,(whilefthe exliorted his fouldiors)toa lyon beating himfelfe with his ownetaile;in
LUE
| thefeverfes; risooid eig (t tid 0191E323 |
I2 - esopoco c oie amdemora foliit belli ygumidumt, per amnem, oso uv?
| südoesen eo Stema'tulit prepere s freut fquallemtibus armisy: i oti sm
Bb es siiesde vilem Aeftifere Lybies, vifa leocominushofle, «0 io coitus
[49 st cin vot Subfedse dubius, totam dum collieitiram, ^. 75 00- oH sind
B uo docs coo tocaMa obi fe fans flimulauit verberecands,
| ecbuttlo cec Erexiti iuba, vafto cy graue murmur hiatu.
Em Infremust : tum torta leuis ff lancea Mauri:
DO sued wo cos com areas ue latum [abeant venabula pedi us,
asi onini c Perferrum tanti fecurus vulnerisvxit | ot
There aremany Epigrams,both-Greeke, and latine, concerning the rage, force, frend- |
fhip,and fociety of lions with other beats, whereofthefeare moft memorable :thefirft = - sss ni
ofa Harewhich tbroughfportcrept through the mouth of a tamelion, whereof Martial Mi
to his in this fort,teaching herto fly to the lions teethagainfi therage of Dogs, inthefe ü
| 9 veríes: 2 INEEDEE Rr RA | d ‘oil
v Ra OLS ae 7 EE
Rittibus his tauros, non eripuere maziftri, ALVITSMI "rom: ii Iu
^i Per quos pradafugax, itá, veditg,lepus, jm Et aiio i his I
(Qnadá, nsagis mirum, velatior exit ab hoffe. Pik IO2 "uw EE UR
Nee nibil à tanta, nobilitaterefert. —— 91:31 ails d. i bay |
> 38 Tier in fola, non eft cum eurrit arena. » 7 NE M. |
a
—
ae I = a
DENS 0o eee
eR EE a
Ss 2 ox.
deca m
m
T
——
oe
Aa LES mA ea E t n
- IRURE ORNARE ue ER T
= ak rere EXE 5 3
f FINDEN. — am oe = m » — _ el te n aan
Ua Sta CLE cM,
——
The huntin
and taking
ef Lyons.
?Paulus,
Tenetus,
T be Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Nec caue tanta. conditur ille fide,
Si vitarecanum morus, lepus improbe guaris
c modii Ad qua canfugias ora leonis habes.
"There. is another ofthe fame Poets, aboutthefociety ofa Rain andaL y on wherein he-
wondereth, that fo different natures fhould liuetogether, borhbecaufethe Zion forget- — |3
reth his prey in the woods;andalfo the Ram,the eating of green graffe, and through hun- — |
ger, both otthemconftrained totaftofthe fame difhes,and yerthis isno other; thenthat — |
which was foretold in holy fcripture; the lion and thelambethould play togither,the E- — |
pigram is this ; |
: Maffpli leofamaingi, peicori[ d, martitus,
»oLantgeri, mirum qui pofuere fide, |
^ Upfe licet wvidens,cauea flabulantnr in vay...
o Etpariter focias; carpit vterá, dapes Li jbius
Necfetu nemorum gaudent ,nec mittibus berbis,
bo vov. Concordem fátiat, fed rudis aemafamem. >.
10
. For mc haue fhewed before, thata Zyon in his hunger, will endure. nothing, but fearcely
falleth vpon eüery prey, according to thefe verfes of Manilius,
NUN Quis dubitet, vafti qua fit natura léonis ?
s 01 eoo Qualg, [uo dicter, freno nafcentibus artes ?
oot oc oy lle monas femper pugnas,nonabellaferarum,
Apparat, Cr pecorum , viuit polio, at 4, rapinis, .
Hoc babet , boc fiudium poftes, ernare [nperbos
doe Bellibus, c captas domibus configere predas, | 11
i oou parare metum fylais,er viuererapte,
Lad
29
* Concerning the hunting and taking of lions,theJndian dogs;andfomeotherftrenghun- — |J
cers. dolet pon Buls, Beres,and Lions, as we haue faid before inthe Hiftory of: dogs: but
dogs, whichare begotten of Tygers;amongft the Indians ,and'thofe of Hyrcania, efpeci-
ally.doé this thing, asitis noted by AMamtuan. concerning the foxtitude and courage ofa
dog fying soc od vads li a4s04q) t2 v2:1,2ption5102239tog 2n$ |
yy coriesen cols Ea tewoulentusHelor certareleonibus auden.-i- esos r. T
Tn the próuince of .Gingui which isfubicé to thegreat Char king of Tartaria;thereare "m
very many lions whichare very greatand cruell : and in that region the dogs areaccoun-
ted {abould and ftroige) as they will not feare to inuade or fet vpon thofelions ;:Aind ic
oftentimes commethtopafie, thatswo dogs and a hunting Archer fittingion horle-back
dokilland deftroy allion, for when the Dogs percéiüetheionto: beeneare them; they fet
vpori him with great barking ; but efpecialy when they, know themfclues: backed withthe
help ofa man, they do not ceafeto bite the lyon in his hinder parts and taile:and although
thelion doth oftentimes threaten them with. his franning and: terrible c ountinance,tur-
ning himfelfe this way andthat way,thathe migheteatethem inpieces, notwithftanding
the dogslooking warilie vnto themfelues,arenot eafily hurt by him, efpecially whenthe 48;
hunting Horfe-man following them; dothfeelethe bef nieanestotfaften his Dart in the
lion, when hecis bitten of the Dogges;for they are wife enough.to/.confider their owne
— help. But the Lyon then flyeth away, fearing leafte,the barking and howling of the dogs,
may bring more company bothiof menánd dogs vnto- him, cots |
Andifhe can,he betaketh himfelfevightly votofometree;thache may enioy the fame
fora place of defence for his backe;then:turning:hirafelfe, wich afcornfull grinning hee
fighteth withall his force iagainft the: Dogges .:Burthe.Hunter:comming nearer yppon
his Horffe ceafeth;notto throw Dar tésatthelydiyatill he kill hiar:tieither-doththelyon
feele the force of the Dartes vntilt he-bee flaine, the Dogges doe vnto him fe great hurte
andtrouble.: '£12rh fois T? nei! athgavh ouo asairgnss mot sie ei gota |
Ifa lion be feene in the time of hunting, being afhamed to turne bis backe, he dothalitz ud
tleturne away himfelfe if oppréffed witha. multitude :butbeing rémouedfromthefight — |
ofthe Hunters, he doth haftily preparefor flights thinking that his (hame is cleared by
concealing himfelfe ; and thereforeknoweth thatthe: woods cannot giue teftimony of
this feare. Rie Oe a eC
Y Hs
———————CÓÉR
Of the Lion... A77:
He doth want in his flightthe leaping which he vfeth iti purfuing other beaftes. He doth
craftily diffemble and abolifh his footefteps to deceiue the Hunters : Pellex affirmeth
thac ifa Hunter do fight againftany wilde Beafts asa Bore, he muft not firaddle.with his
Legges wide abroad, butkeepe them together within the compaffe of a footesthat hec
may keepe his ground ftedfaftand fure, euen as the manner isin Wreitling;, for. there
are fome wilde Beafts as Panthers and Lyons, when they are hunted,andarehindred in
| à courfeby their Hunters, ifthey be any thing neare them doeprefenily leapevppon
them. i5: E TT wl odi: ;
|.» Buttheftroke whichis giuenoughtto be directed or leauelled right againtt the breaft,
| andthe hare, for that beiüg once fttiken is incurable. (Xenophon faith in his book concer:
1? ning Hunting, that Lyons;Leopards,Beares; Pardals, Lynxes ;and all other wilde Beafts
| ofthis forewhichinhabite defert places ( without Greece,) are taken about the Pangean
| Mountdine,andthe Mountaine called Gyrtus aboue; Macedony {ome in Olympus; My/ius.
| and Pindus {one in Myfaaboue Syriajand in other Mountaines whichare fit fot the-bree-
| ding andnourifhing Beaftes ofthis kind. But they-are taken pattly in the Mountaines by
poyfon of Wolfe-bane, forthe fbarpneffeof the Region (becaufethat can admit no cher
kind of hunting as by Nets and Dogges) but mingling this withthat thing in which euery
| wildebeatt dclighteth; thé Hunters doecaftit vntothem nearethe Waters 'There are
| fome alfowhich do difcende downe in the night time, who aretaken in regard thatall the
}\g@ waies by which they (houldafcend vnto the Mountainesare ftoppedwith Huntfanen,and -
|^ weapons, neither being forexcluded, are they taken without great perill nto the Huntf-
men. Rigi Sats in Vi9V SERVES 251 [15 fH f A
There are fome alfo which make pitfals or grear'ditchesin the groundto catch Lyons,
inthe middeft whereof, they leaue a profound ftony pillar, vpon which in the night time
they tyea Goatjand do hedge the pitfals round about with boughes, leaft that it might
be íeen;leauingno entrance ito the fame: The lyons hearing the voice of the goatin the
night, doe come vnto the place and walke round about the hedge, but finding no:place
wherethey may enter, they leape ouerand are taken’. 0ppranus:doth defctibe three man:
ner of waies of hunting Lyons; which alfo Bellafarzgs doeth, buche doeth defcribe them
M inmy mind very vnskilfülly. 53:10 Lum gil Ti MEE
Thefrk fthem isrchearfed out of Xenophon, we will notwithftanding alfo adde there- Three waies
unto Oppianus : for he doth vary inboth of them.Thefecond is made by fire, the third by re n
Whips or fcourges. The fitt manner of way isthereforeas Géllus for the moftpart tranf-
lateth out of Oppianus jin this fort. ‘Where the Hunters of Lybia doe obferue tlie beaten
ath or way of che Lyon going out of his:den vntothe Water; they makea broade and
| youndditch neare vntoit, in the mideft wheroftheyraife vp a greacpillar, vpon this they
| — hangafucking Lambe, they compaffe the Ditchround about witha Wallof {tones heas
| ed together, leaftthat when the wilde beaft cornmeth neare hee perceiueth the deceite.
"The Eanibe being faftenedvppon the top ofthepillar, doth incitatethe hunger-ftaruen
| hart ofthe Lyon by his bleating therefore comming neare,and not being able vo:ftay lons
,49 geráboütthe Wall, he doth prefently leap ouerand: is receiued:into: thé. vnlooked for
ditcli; im which being nów included; he vexeth: hinifelfe- inallche partes of hisbody;lif-
ting himfelfe vp rather atthe lambethento go forth, and being againe ouerthrowen; be
| maketh forceagaini Thefethings Gillius affrmerhi.ocs 30 Aiwodibeltts sbuloto3 01 m» Tu
: Thiéocher manner of hunting by fire; is the deuife of the people whichinhabite about ppereeonyy pou "am
| theRyuer-Enphrates,whohunt lyons after this manner: The Hunters fomevponftrongé LUI
| Horffes, arid forme vpon gray Horffeswith glafen ies which aremore fwift,Stwhich dare | h jb |
oaely‘mecte lions, when other Horfles darenotabide the fight dhl) ons: other being on
foote dà fet the Nets Three of thenrbéing placedinthe fnaresremiaineto vriderprop the meh
| © Netsjwithftaiedalrd flakes: oneinthe middleyalbthe reftimboth the bendingesorture — | BE EIN
| © nicsescfthe fime;fo that he which is in the middle! can:heare both the otheratthefars * BERTI VK
ther erides? foie feti eh roundaboutin warlike manner, holding pitchyfire-brandsid ^'^ W UN
| — their right hands jand bucklers in their left : forwith thofe they make a-very: great noyle Rin) LE
| and clamor and with (hewing their fire-brandes, putthe wilde beaftes ini arnincredible TA LAM
feare: Therefore whew allthe Horfe-rhen being fpred'abroade tinuads the beaftes,and ! D
"i : j the : TEE [
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hm = nr oS id es pene aed seen WES Rd = = SS 2 - -— Az - P
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The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
and tlie footemen likewife doe follow with a great noife: the lyons being terrified with the
crying outof the hunters, not daringto refift, giueplace: and afwell for feare of fire, as
of the men they runneintothe nets andaretaken: like as fifhes in the night time, by fire
are compelled and driuen into the nets of the fithers.
The third manner of hunting isidone wich lefler labour : thatis, foure trong men ar-
med with fhields, and fortified all ouer with thonges of leather, and hauing helmets vp*
on their heades, thatonely their eyes, nofes, and lips may appeare, with the brandifhing
of their firebrands ruftle in vpon thelyon lying in his den : henot bearing this indigna-
tion, with a gaping and open-wide mouth, the lightning, or burning of his eyes being. to
inflamed, breaketh foorth into a great roaring, and with fuch celeritie ruftleth-vpon
them, as if it were fome ftorme and tempeft: they with a firmeand conftant courage
abide that brunt: and in the meane while that he coueteth to catch any of them in his
teeth or clawes, another of them, prouoking him behinde doth {mite him, and with a
loudenoifeor clamour dothvexe him: thenthe lyonin haft leauing the firft:which he
had taken in his mouth, turneth backe his mouth vnto the hinder: each of them in fe-
uerall parts doe vex him: but he breathing foorth warlike ftcength, runneth here and
there, this man heleayeth, that hee fnatcheth vp on high: at the length being broken
with long labour, and wearied, foaming in his mouth, he lyeth downe ftraight vpon the
ground, andnew being very quiet they binde him, and take him from the earth asifhe
were a Ramme. I doe alfo finde that lions areintricated in {nares or traps, bound vnto 9
fome pofte or pile, nigh vnto fomenarrow place by which they were wont to paffe.
But Pliny faith, that intimes paft it wasa very hard and difficult manner to catch ly-
ons, and that the chiefeft catching of them was in ditches. | : |
Inthe mountaine Zarenius in Affricke, the ftrongeft men doe continuall huntlyons;
the beft of which being taken they fend them vnto the King of Fe//e : andthe King orde-
reth his hunting inthis manner: in avery fpacious fielde there are little hutches built
of that height as aman may ftandvpright in them: euery one of thefe is (hut with a
little gate, and within ftandeth an armed man, the lyon being rayfedand forced to that.
place the‘dores being open, thenthe-lyonfeeing thedores open, runneth with great
force, which being fhut againe, hee is proucked to anger: Afterward they bring a 30 |
Bull to combate with him, where beginneth a cruel! fight, in which, if the Bull fhallkill |
. the Lyon, the honour of that day isfinifhed, butif the Lyon overcome him, all the
armed men which in number are almoft twelue,'comefoorth to fight againftthelyon;
Some of them hauing boare.fpeares of fixe cubits long: but if the armed men thall
feeme to ouercomethe Lyon, the King commaundeth the number to be dimini(hed,
and if on thecontrarie;the armed men beouercome: the King with his Nobles fitting in
an high place tofee the hunting kill the: Lyon with Croffe-bowes, but it commeth often
times to paffe, that euery one of them is flaine beforethe lyon, Ee
Thereward of thofe which combate with thelyon is ten golden Crownes, together
with a riew garment: neither are any admitted vnto this fight, except they are ofa moft 4o
pregnant and vallorous ftrength; and: borne:inythe mountaine _Zalag,, but .thofe
which doe firft of all prouokeand giue on-fet tothelyons jare borne in the mountaine
Zarenius. ©. t b ocr! edited TEM
|. Toconclude this difcourfe of the hunting of lyons. If it-fortune that hee be fol-
' lowed withmen and dogees; yet in the plaine fieldes hee neuer mendeth his pace; as
fome writers affirme, oftentimes turningabout and looking vpen his purfuers,as it were
to datetheirapprochnment, and to:gíue defiance vrito all their pretences :yet hauing
gotten the chickets, lic lookethto his fafetie with his beft celeritie and fpeede; fo: wifely
tempeering his feare before his foes,ithat it may feeme a boldneffe, and fo politiquely
when hethitiketh no eye fecth him, nd longer diffembleth with bimfelfe, but runneth 59 |
away like a fearefull Hart, or Hare; laying downehis cares, andftriking histaile beewixt
his legges,like a curre-dogee, feldome times looking behinde him; but mof irefully;
vponthofethatcome before him, efpecially if he receane from themany wound, where-
vnto Horace alluded faying zi: 50:506 25600 95s d) line bie ethos br
Bn “Quid vt nenered me infueris aut vt petita ferrebelsa? .. -.- (s af
ti
Of the Lion. | 479
In his courfe he fpareth no beaft that he meeteth, but falleth vpon it like a mad-dogge;
(except fwine) for he is afraid oftheir briflles and ifa man doe not attempt to wounde
him, hewillfnatch at him, and ouerthrow him, but doe him little harmes according to
thefeverfes of Onid : i
Cerporamagnanima fatis eff proftraffe leoni TH
Pugna fuum finem scum iacet hoflis babet... : EM
He obferueth moft vigilantly the hand that woundeth him, and laboureth to take re- D
uenge for theeuill turne, and fo it remaineth in his minde, till opportunitie fend him his E
aduerfaries head: as may appeare by this ftory following.
When 74b4 King of Moores, (the father of him which when he wasa child was brought
1? in trinmphe) trauailed through the wilderneffe with an army of foudiers, to repreffe cer-
taine rebels in one part of his dominion, which had fhaken off his gouernement,andto
fette them againe in their firftallegiance. There wasa noble yoong touldier in his traine,
of the race of the nobilitie, and not only very ftrong, butalfo well experienced in hun-
ting, and by the way he with other of his fellowes met with a Zion, at whom he prefently
caít a dart, and gauc him afore wound, but not mortall ; afterthe wound receaued, the
lyon weut away guiltie of his hurt,and the yoong men did not profecute him, but went
forward ontheir iovrney: After a wholeyeare, the King returned homeward the fame
way, and his company that he carried with him, among whom was this yoong gallant
DA
— ATQ m a OR
z y^ gus mai on
mu ee gene anecimy "
| 4o that woundedthe lyon : Thelion hauing recouered his hurt, and hauing his denne neete dI
the way and place of his harme, perceiuing a returne of the armie, went furioofly among MR
them and found outthe man whofe hand had wounded him, and could not byany help UAR
of his affociats be ftayed from a reuenge, but tore the yoong fouldiour in peeces; and i
departed away (afe, for the refidue feeing his rage,ran all away thinking him ‘to be fome EL UA
deuill inthe likeneffe of a Zyon. IG TUR ET" : Lone D
After che taking of Lyons, it followeth that we fnouldintreat of their taming, and firft Of the ta- pn
ofall;they which aretamedin tbeir infancy while they are whelpes, are moft meeke and 55,* Se
gentle, full of fportand play, efpecially being filled with meates fothat without danger;a
| — ftrangermay meet withthem : but being hungry, they returne againeto their ownena-
| — tute,forasitistrue (which Seneca faith) Leogibus manus magifter inferit ofculatur Tigrim
_ 3° faoseuflos, chat is to fay. The maifterofa Lyon may put his hand in hismouth, and the
|. keeperofa Tyger may kife him,yet is it alfo to be feard Tigres leoge[ q, nunquam feritatem
exuunt,aliquado fubmittunt , ci eum minime expectauerts, toruitas maligna redibit.Lions &
Tygers do neuerleauc off their wildeneffe, although fomtimes they yeeld; and feeme to
| — befabmiffe, yet vpon a fuddaine when a man expecteth not, their malignant wrath brea-
kéth forth, andthey are'exafperated. zi | ;
Wherefore after they grow to be old, itisimpoffible to make them vtterly tame,yet
we read in diuers'ftories of tame Lyons, whether made fo from their littering, or els con- i
ftraind by the Artof man, füchare thefe which follow 5 Hanno, hada certain Lyon, which |, . . ti
|" inhis expeditions of war carried his baggage, and for that caufethe. Carthagenians con- "
49 demned himto be banifhment, for (aid they; Male credi libertus ei, euiin tantum c eifsit fiit et i
etiam feritas ,ltis not fafe to truft füch a man with the gouerment of the common welth, if
who by wit, pollicy, or ftrength, was able to overcome, and veterly to alter. the wildena- m Wu
ture ofa Lion: for they thoghthe wold proue a Tyrant that could bring the Zionto fuch ^4 |
meekenes,as to waite on him at Table, to licke his face with his toongue; to {mooth his
ERN
—
OC——ÓMÁ
hand onhis backe,and to liue in his prefence like little dogge: itis yit ente
The Indians tame lions and Elephants, and fet them to plough, Opemartus; théty- ,, |
: eye nne "Aelianus... hl
rantof Cattana, hadlyonswith whom he did ordinarily conuerfe. In the countrey: of AN RES |
Elymis there was a Temple of Adonis, wherein were kept many tame lyons which were BP RY fc
i
€
i
fo farrefrom wildneffe, and fiérceneffe, that they would imbrace and falute the people B am
$9 chat came inthete to offer: Alfo if any one called themto giue them meate;they would | |
take it gently, and depart fromthem with quietneffe: zikewife in the kingdome of Fes,
ina plaine called Adeo/en there are certaine forrefts wherein liue tameand: gentle. Lyons, JACOBI HU
which ifa man meete, he thay driue away witha {mall fticke, or wand, without receauing oM CMM | '
any hármé; Andinan other region of Africk the lyonsarefo tame;that they come;dayly Leo Afer 10 | EM
ORTI into up MT
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4.80 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Aclianus
The beft
meanes to
into Citties, andgoe from one ftreete toanother, gathering, and eating bones; from
whofe prefence, neither women nor children run away. Likewife in many parts of Zwdia,
they haue lyonsfo tame, thatthey leade them vp and downeinleames, and accuftome
them to the hunting of Bores, Buls, and wilde Affes like dogges, for their nofes are as
well fitted for that purpofe,as the beft hounds, as we haue ihewed before of the King
of Tartary.
And the beft meanes of taming them is the rule of Apolonis, which he {aid was the
precept of Pharaotes, which ts, that they be neither handled too roughly, nortoo mildly, e
tame Lyons. for if they be beaten with ftripes, they grow ouer ftubbor: e;and if they be kept in conti-
nuall flatteries, and vfed ouer kindly, they grow ouer proud : For they held opinion, that
by an equall commixtion, ofthreatning, and faire{peaking, or gentle vfage, by which
meanes they are more eafily broughtto good defired conditions, and this wifedome the
auncients did not onely vfe in the taming of Zyons, but alfo in reftraining of tyrants,
putting itasa bridle in their mouthes, and a hooke in their nofthrils, to reftraine them
from fury, and madneffe.
Albertus faith, that the beft way totame lyons is to bring vp with them a little dogee,
and oftentimes to beate the fame dogge in their prefence, by which difcipline,the lion
is made more traétable to the willot hiskeeper. Itis of Heliegabelus , that he nouri(hed 20
many tamelyons, and Tygers, and other fuch noyfome beaftes, calling himfelfe their
great mothers and when he had made any of his friends drunke in the night time, hee
fhut them vp together (who quickly fella fleepe) through the heauinefle of their heads,
who being foafleepe, he turned inamongftthem fome of his forefaid children, both ly-
ons, Beares, Tigers, and fuch like : at whofe prefence in the morning, his drunken frinds
grew fo amazed, that oft times, {ome of them fell dead for feare: and to conclude, there
isa ftory inacertaine Epigram, of a lyon wandring abroad in the night time, forthe auoi-
» O ding of froft, & cold,came intoafold of Goates: at the fight whereof the Goate-heards
‘The triüphs, '
were much afraid, calling in queftion not onely the lines of the flocke, but alfo their owne,
|
becaufe euery oneof them, thought himfelfe bound to fight vnto death in defence here- 3o |
of : whereupon according to the manner of menin extremitie, they all madetheir pray-
ers, defiring Godto bedeliuered from the Zion, and according to their wi(hes fo it came
to pafle ; forafterthe Lyon had lodged inthe warme folde of Goates a whole night, he
departed in the morning, without doing any harmeto manor beafts wherefore I take
this Lyon to be of the tamekynde,andas in all beatts there are differences both of na-
tures, andinclinations;as we may fee in dogs, fome of them being more apr after. the
manners of men, andto beruled by them then others, foalfo I {ee no reafon,' but that ins
the fierce, and royall nature of Lyons, fome of them fhould be more inclinable, tolobe-
dience, fübic&ion, and fubmiffion ; whereunto being once woone they neuer afterwards
vtterly fhake off their vaffalage and yoake of them which ouercomethem.
{
2, 48
From henceit came; that chat cherewere fo many fpe&acles, ar Rome, as firft of all
zamesand —Zueipe Cillay inthe office of his zdilitie;or ouerfight ofthe Temple,brought intotheRo« *
cébatswith man circle, or ring, one hundred great maned Lyons loofe,whichalwaies before that
Lions.
Plutarcke
Pliny
time, were turned in bound, or mufled. And King Bochws fent Ío many valiant, Archers,
and dart-cafters, to fight with them and deftroy them. After him Pompey the great,inthe
fame place brought in a combate,confifting of fix hundred great Lyons, & amongthem
there were three hundred fiftie maned zyons : Alfo he inftituted hunting of Lyons at
Rome, wherein were flaine fiue hundred. Cefar when he was Dictator, prefented in fpec-
tacle foure hundred Lyons.. Quintus Scevola caufed Lyons to fight one withan other.
But Marcus Aatonius, Ya the ciuill warre, after the battaile of Phar/alia, did firft ofall caufe s&
‘Lyons to be yoaked, aid drawthe Chariot of triumphes ; wherein he himfelfe fate, with
oneCitheris a Teter, which thing was not done, without fhew, and obferuations, of a
‘prodigeous and monfterous action, and efpecially inthofe times, wherein it was inter-
preted, that as the noble fpirits of thofe Lyons, were fo much abafed, and vaffalaged,
infteede of horfesto drawa chariot, they being in nature the King of beafts, fo it was
feared that the auncient nobilitie of Rome, the graue Senators,and gallant Gentlemen,
commaunders of the whole common-wealth, fhould in timeto come, through ciuill
warres,
7
ex»
i
|
10
20 «
30
5°
Of the Lion. ^ 481
wars, and pride ofthe people, be depriüed: ofall honor, and brought down to the bafefl
officesyof the whole fta:e, Antoninus Pius, nourifheda hundredlions. Dowician the Em-
peror, called for 46////us Gabrio the confull,into Albania, about the timethat the games
werte celebrated;for the profperity of youthand voun g men which were called Zunenalia,
tofightwith a great lyon, and Acillivs comming wifely intothe combat did eafily kil him.
Inancient time whenlions could net betamed;thcy did difeernethem by their teeth,and
nailés;andfo taking as it were the (ting aud poyfon from theferpent, and th: Weapons
wherein confi fteth alltheirftrengtb, they were without allperill; fent into the püblike af
femblies;at the ume oftheir generall meetings, and great feafts: Martial! hath an excel-
lent Epigrama,of the greatlion before exhibited in publikefpe&aele by Domitian wonde-
ringithatthe Malian and Aufoninn (hepherds were foafraid ofthis lion, & made as great
anoifejand niurmvrabout his prefence as ifhe had bin a heard of lions,and therefore he
commendeth the Libian country forbreeding fuch a beaft,and withall expreffeth the ios
of the fhephardsfor his death, as are fhowne tuthefe verfestollowing j
"id c5 Auditur quantum Maffyla per auia murmur | 9 311d BOQ O78 1):
| ogugumero quoties fylualeowefarit: 00000 DOMINOS er ni "n
pallidus attotites ad blenasmapalia paffoy >< p d
Cum rekocat t4uros : ci» fine mente pecus | 1 bIb
Tantusin Aufoniafremuit modo terror arena
Quis non effe evegem crederet ? vnus erat,”
Sed cuius tremerent ipft quodá, iura leones, ^
Cui diadema daret marmorepifa Nomas« ^ —
5r i | Oguantni per colla decus, quem [par/it honórem, '
$1 c n5» Pal erealumata eum fletit undainbe. bf
cibo oos oc Grandia quam decuit latum venabula pectus
95] Quanta, dewaena eaudia moyte tulit? 0 122211 DW
copsdetuis Libietam felix gloria fyluis rot gni
ioni 0614 @ybeles nunquid venerat illeingis xm
qum oor Ae mages Herculeo Germauice mifir ab aftro ! 212r
: Mati tibi vel frater,vel pater ip[e feram." eS SAM
Wehaue fhewed already that Lions although neuer fo well tamed become wilde againe; Tame Lyons
and that through hunger, which breaketh through ftone Walles, according to the com- become wid
rion prouerb, and therefore maketh them to deftroy whatfoeuer commethin their way, ^9 ^
according tothefe verfesof Virgil ; ak Quoit
jl : -popafus cew,plena leu, per ouiliaturbans "3
Suadet enim ve[ana fames ,mmandit à, trahit d,
SRW Molle pecus, mutumg, metus fremet orecrenento, |
Suchaone was the Lyon of Bor/tws Duke of Ferrara,who being inhis caue would deuore
Buls, Beares, and Boares; but with a Hare or little whelp he would play, and doe them no-
g harme; atlaft leauing al his tamablenature,he deftroyeda young wench,who oftentimes
came vnto him to combe and ftroke his mane,andalfo to bring him meat and flowers ,vp-
on who Streza madethefe two verfes —' FON VE» |
"Suflulit ineratus cui quondam plurima debens
Pecfenda[2, iubas ei» fera colla dabat,
Thelike vnto this alfo, was that tame lyon that Martiall {peaketh of, who returning to his
firft nature, deftroyed two young children, and therefore hefaith iuflly, that his cruelty
exceedeth the cruelty of war,the Epigram isthis:
Verbera fecuri, folitus leo ferre magiftri
Infertamá, pati, blandus in ora manum,
Dedidicit paeem, fubito feritate reuev[a ,
Quantanee in libicis, debuit effe iueis | à
Nam duo de tenera puerilia corpora turba
Sanguineam ,vaffris que renowabat humum
Beuus ce infelix, furiali dente peremit,
ls. Tt . Martia
tete
3
a
s ‘=
ee
ne Ce Se f .
TOt
vr mI
t
esc ED. Ul
Aa
eT
codes
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es
en
ac
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CUN —— Stirs 2 Iu erem ——— ae = x
ab EE
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WR ees
4.82
The length
efaLyons
life,and their
difeates.
eAlbertus
Cardan
| The vfe ofa
Lyons feural
pars.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
| m Martia non vidit, maids arena nefas '-. ~
Hauing thus fpoken of the taming and taking lions, it alfo now followeth to entreat of the
length of their life, and the difeafes thacare incident vnto them, with their feuerall cures:
firft therefore, itis held that they liue very long, as threefcore, or fourefcore yeares:for
it hath beenefeenc, that when a lion hath bin taken aliue, and in his taking receiued fome
wound wherby he becamelame,or loft fome of his teeth, yet did he liuemany yeares, &
alfo it is found that fome haue bin taken without teeth; which were all fallen out of theyr
head throughage,and Aelianus faith, that a lion and a Dolphin, doe both confume away
through multitude of years. The ficknefles wherwithal they are anoid,axe not very many,
but thofe which they haueare continual: for the moft part their intrals or inward partes,
are neuer found but fubie& to corruption, as may appear by their fpittle, & alfo by their
biting, and fcratching of their nailes, foraman lightly touched by them at fometimesis
as much poyfoned, as by the biting ofa mad dog, alfo by reafon ofhis extreamehot na-
ture euery each other day he fuffereth one ficknes or other, at which time he lyethpro-
{trate vpon the earth, roaring not al the day long; but-atcertain houres, and in his wrath
he is confumed through the heat inclofed in his own body. Andinhis beft eftate he is af-
fli&ed with a quartan Ague, euen then when he feemeth to beein health, and exceprthis
difeafe, did refiraine his violence and mallice by weakning of his body, he would be farre
more hurtful to mankind then he is : and this is to be ynderftood, inthe fummer time he
falleth into this difeafe fometimes at the fight ofa man, & is cured by the bloud of dogs,
according to Albertus and Phyfoligus,when he feeleth himfelfe fick,throgh aboundance
of meat, he faleth a vomiting, either by the ftrength of nature,or elfe helpeth himfelfe by
eating a kind of grafle, or greca corne in the blade, or elfe rapes;and if none of thefe pre-
uaile, thenhe fafteth, and eatethno more tillhe find eafe;orclícif hee can meete with an
Ape,hedeuoureth and eateth his fle(h, and this is the. principall remedy and medicine,
which heé receiueth againft all his difeafes, both in youth and age, and when he groweth
old, being no more able to hunt Hatts;Boares, and fuch beafts, he exercifeth his whole
firength in the hunting, and taking of Apes, whereupon he liueth totally; and for thefe
caufes, there is a comparifon betwixt the lion and the Dolphin, in Aclianus. Leoni, & del-
hino multa funt communia ,vter g,imparat,illeterrenis, hic aquatilibus beftys, fenectute am-
bo tabefeunty ch cum funt in egritudine illa terrestris, [inia medetur, huie marina,quodd, ff-
Io
20
miaremedio eff : that is ,the lion and the Dolphin do agree in many thinges, bothofthem -
-"arekings,thisruleth ouer the beafts ofthe earth, and that ouer the beafts ofthe fea,both
ofthem confume through age, andlonglife, andas the lion recouereth,by eating an Ape
ofthe earth, fo is the Dolphin cured by eating an Ape of the Sea,and thus much for the
difeafes and cure of lions. | |
Vnto this naturall difcourfe oflyonsbelongeth the. víe of their partes, both outward
and inward,& alfo the feueral pi&ures and flatues ere&ed for their fingular monuments.
Firft therefore with the skins oflions werethe ancient Moores and Barbarians, enhaby-
ting betwixt the mountaine Cauca/ws and the riuer Cophena,and{o they appeared to Apol 40 — |
lonius and his companions,asalfo in the skins of Panthers, withboth which,they did not
onely cloth themfelues in the day time, but alfo flept vppon them in the night, and ther-
fore Hercules is pi&ured wearing a lions skin, that the world might bee admonifhed what
was the ancient attire of their forefathers: Vargill defcribeth Auentinus couered witha li-
ons skin in this fort : | | |
Onemfulualeonis
Pellis obit totum prafulgens unguibus aures,
Andagaine: | :
Ipfe pedes tegmen torquens immameleanis,
Terribili umpexum catacum dentibus albis ,
Indutus capiti, ee... s
And Aeneas fleeping vpona lions skinjfaying:
Fuluis, in flernor gelle leomis Aeneas
Pracipiumá, toro, C villofi pelle leoni
"Accipit Aeneam.
Adrafius
bh
L|
|
Of the Lion.
Adraflaswascommaunded by the Oracleto: marry his daughters to aboare and alyon,
when they:camea wooing vnto them. Whereupon Tydeus came ina Boares skinne,and
Pollynicesina Lyonsskin, vnto whom he gaue his Daughters in marriage, taking ittobe
themeahing of the Oracle, that mea clothed in thofe skins fhould be the husbandes of
his Daughters: Fronyhence came the common prouerbe. Jn duitis me leonisexumium,
youpttvpon me.a Lyons skinneto fignifiea man that taketh vppon him morethewhe is
able to performe,andfpend more thestheir condition willafford, and the beginning of
the prouerb was taken from Hercules, who clothed in a Lyons skinas we haue faid before,
audbeáringin onehaiid a Club, and in the other ábow, in which attire hee went downe
! 10 to helltofetch out Gerberus.
Afterwards their ws one Bacchus which clothed with the fame weede, and armed with
the fame weapons,in like fort in thé imitation of Hereules, went down to hell, to heare the Sidiculode
fayned difputation betwixtthe two Poets, Ewripédes, and Aefculus, atthe fight whereof imitation,
Hercules laughed, telling bim, that {uch apparell did nothing at all become him, becaufe
he was wanton, tender, and effeminate. For itis not auaileable to hauea rich ceremony,
and want the true fübftancesa glorious ourfide,and a fhamefull infide,the Atmor ofa
Champion, and the heart of a bafe coward, the outward (hewes of holineffe,and the in-
ward loue of prophanes. Others do thinke that the prouerb was taken from that Affe cal-
led Afinus cumanus, who being weary of his feruitude and bondage, (lipt collor,and ran
jo away intothe wilde wo ods wher findin g by chance a Lyons skin, hee crepte into it, and
wore it vpon his body; vnder collour whereof, he rufled vp and downe the woods, tothe
terror ofall the beafts ; both with his taile and his fearefull voice : and the Cumanes them-
felues which had neuer feene a Lyon, were nota little affraid of chis counterfeit beaft. In
thisfa(hionhe domineerda goodtime, vntill at laftthere camea ftrangerto Came, who
fecing the counterfeit perfonate Affe-lyon by the way, hauing oftentimes feene both ly-
ons and A ffes, knewit for an Affe; in a lyons skinne,for if all other conie&ures failed, yet
this proued true, namely thelength of his eares,whetefore he beat him wel, and brought
him hometo his maifter, before whom he pulled off thelyors skin, and then his maifter
knew him to be his Affe. From which Socrates concludeth wifely;thatno man ought tobe
30 afraid ofo utward greatneffe , becaufe though the Affe was clothed with a lions skin, yet
he was butan Affe. And that the skins of lyons was vfed in garments, thefaying of Ly/an-
der the Lacedemonian doth{ufficiently proue; forwhen hee was blamed for his outward
pompe,wherby he beguiled others ther fore condemned for fooli(h hipocricy, he made
this anfwer, Quo leanis peruenire pellis nom pote, vulpinam a[[utffe, de decucrit,eucry man
ought to haue two fhutes of apparell; one ofa Fox, and another ofthelyon. For whether
thelions skin cannot comethe Fox wil creep and vvher the fox cannot com the lion can. (ati.
Clothes wraptina lions skin Killeth mothes : alío:a mans body anointed withthe fat of
alion mingled with garlike, fo as the fauor of the garlike may ouercomethe lions greace, The'fat of
he (halneuer be molefted with wolus. Alfo ifthe folds of fheep be compafled about with ae
the melted greafe oflions, there is no wolues, nor rauening beats will annoy the flocke. 47, +m
See 1 : à
t And fo great is the feare oflionsto wolues, that if any part ofa lions greafe be ca(t intoa
‘
fountaine, the wolues neuer dareto drinke thereof, or to come neare vnto it; Alfo Pliny.
affirmeth, that ifan Ammolet be made of lions greafe, no man fhal be harmed, wounded,
orkilled, by trechery or deceit : but you muftvnderftand, thatthis wasan inuention of AZzcellus.
the Magicians or vvife-men, that by {uch pretences and promifes of great matters, they Sext.
mightinfinuate themfelues, into the fauor of princes and noble men, and fo make fooles
of the world, and therfore they. prefcribe, the fat which is taken from betwixt the eic-lids
orfrom the right part of their mouth orteeth, and the haires from the neather chap. It
is likewife affirmed, that a man annointed all ouer withthe blood ofa lyon, fhall neuer be
deftroyed by any wilde beaft.
Thereis an hearb which Democritus calleth Helianthe, growing in the Maritine Moun-:
?" taines of Cilicia, and Themiftira, wherewithal! the fat of lions, deco&ted with Saffron, and:
paulme wine with which al the kings of Perfia were anointed,to make thé beautiful bodies-y ici phy
to looke vpon. And aboueal otherthings,the Magicians prefcribed this compofition, to ficke for to
makea man invincible, the taileandhead ofa Dragon, the haires ofa Lyons forehead, peyinipciue
T £54 and
Sa
——
rr — M—Ü
TN ES
IRIS
EFT Lm =
DUE
Se
fe SCEL
€
AR IE e o y
4.84. The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
andthe marrow ofhis bones, thefoume or white mouth of a conquering Horfejbound — |3
vp together with a dogs clawes ina Hartsskin,with thenerues ofa HartorRoe.Fhedung — |3
ofa Lyondrunke in wiae, maketha man foreuer moreto abhor wine. Ves
It was alfo wontto be obferued that when Lions forfooke the Mountainesand woods;
to comeand liue in fruicfull and fertil foiles, it did fore(hew fome great drought ; and the
like deuination did -4garifta the mother of Pericles make vpon her dreame, whenfhewas
Mex.ab alex wich child, for fhe thought fhe brought fortha lion, & foin {hort time after, the brought
forth Pericles, who was avaliant man, and a great conqueror in Grecia. The fight alfoofa |
lionasa man trauaileth by the high waies, 1s very ominous, and taken for an euillfigne. to |
There was alfoa prophefie giuen out by Pythias, concerning Cypfelus the Sonne of Etion |
which faidin this manner ; | |
Concipit in petris Aquila enixuraleonem
Robuftum, feunm, genua,e qui mulrarefoluet.
Hae bene nunc animis, ver{ate, Corinthia proles,
Qui colitis pallenem, altamdg,Corinthium. |
Amonter nthe yeare of ourlord 1274.there wasa certaine Noble Woman in the Bifhopricke of
likealyon. AKoffigzer, which brought forth a child liketoa Zyoneffe in al parts but it had the skin ofa
man; vnto this difcourfeImay addethe Images of lyons,bothin Temples;andalfo vpon
Thetmges thieldes, and firítofallinthetemple where the fhield of Agamemnon hung vp, (as Pan-
ftatues of Li- cenmius writeth)there was the pi@ure(Feare, drawn with alyons head, becaufe as thelyon 20 |
es fleepeth little, and in his fleepe his ciesbe open, fo isthe condition of Feare, for we haue
fhewed already, that the lyon when he fleepeth hath his eies openjand whenhewakethhe — |
(alius fhutteth them, and therefore the ancients did fimbolically pi&urealyonvponthedoors |
.. of theircemples,and vpon the fhips alfo,in theforepart ofthem,they ingrawedthefigure — |
Jenbol/gíts oftions saccotding to this faying of Virgil : |
| "AeHala pmppis
prima tenet rofiro,phrigios {ubiects leones.
i Itwasalfoa vfuall cuftometo pi&ure lions about fountaines and Cundits, efpecially a-
TM mongs the Egyptians, that the water might {pring forth of their mouths, Owvemam nilus,
aruis Egiptignouam aquam ninchit foletranfeunteleonem,becaufe that alus, did onerflow the 3°
fields of Egypt, at whas time the [un paffed through the fram Leo. Therefore alfotheRiuer_4/-
pheus was called Leontios poros, the lions fountaine,becaufe at the heads thereof,therewere
dedicated the piGures of many lions. There wasanoble Harlot called Leena, which was
il Varrinus — acquainted withthetiranies of Harzsedrws and Ariffegiton; for which caufe, fhe wasappre-
in hended,and put to greiuous tormentes, to the intent fhee fhould difclofe them,but fhe
M endured all vnto death, neuer bewraying any part oftheir counfell : After her death, the
i Athenians deuifing howto honorthat vertue, and becaufe fhee was a Harlot or common
Paufanius | -curtizan, they were not willing to makea ftatue for her in the likenefle ofa woman, but as
eAtheness her name was Leena, that figniftethalyoneffe , fothey erected for her the pi&ure of a [i-
oneffe,and thatthey might exprefle the vertueofher fecrecy, they caufedit to be framed 49
without atoong: Vpon the graue of Zayis there was a couering containing the pi&ureof a
lyon, holding aRam in his forefeet by the buttockes, with an infcription,that as the lyon
held the Ram,fo do Harlots hold their louers, which A/catws turned into this Epigram :
Quia fcalytus fibi vult aries quem parte leaena,
Vuguibus appren[um pofteriore tenet ?
Non aliter captos qued e tpfa teneret amantes
Vir gregis eft aries cluni tenetur amans.
hr There wasalfoalyonat Delphos which waied ten talentes of gold, and at the entrance of
Bit | Thermayile vpou the tombe of Leonides the Captaine ofthe Spartavs, there ftood a Lyon
lil of ftone:Vpon the fteps ofthe capital of Rome,ther weretwo lions of black Marble touch- 59
ftone. And the Cyzicen ingraued vpon one fide oftheir money the picture ofa Lyon,
SSeS SE ee SI St
PI e 7 a css DM TONNES =
i
Sa oot
a eS
X
o NE AIC i o RE REEL ee
=
P a y i
n Mr did CA. and onthe other fide the face ofa woman . King Salomon built his Iuory throne vpon two
FT, j 4 Lyons of Braffz, and vponthe fteps or ftaires afcending vppeto that throne were placed
| BEY twelue Lyons, here and there. Andfrom hence it camethat many kings and fates gauc
1 ien HA in theirarmesthe Lyon, Rampant, Paffant, and regardant, difünguifhed in diuers oa
a H | ers
! i
' TAM
Exil y! Vid
‘ p.
ie
]
| | Of the Lyon. 455
| lersin the fields of Or, Argent, Azure, and Sables, with füch other termes of Art. The
earth it felfe was wont tobe expreffed by the figure ofa Lyon,andthereforethe image of
Atergas wasfüpported with Lions. Sybale the fained Godeffeofthe Mountaiaes was ca-
ried vpon Lyons. And it is fained thatthe Cureres which nourifhed Zupiter in Creete,who
was committed to them by his mother Rhea by the an ger of Saturn, were turved into ly- Oppius,
ons, who afterwards by Jupiter when he raigned were made the kinges of beafts, and by «riw.
him enioyned to draw the chariot of his mother Rhea, according to this verfe .
| Et innid «currum, domtne fubiere leopes. -
"There isa conftellation in heauen called the Zyon, of whom Germaniens wtiteth in this .,.. "
| re fort, that he is the greateft and moft notable amoneft the fignes ofthe Zodiack , contai- Bow de^
i ning three ftars in his head, and one cleare one in bis breaft, and that when the Sun com: Lyon-
| meth to that figne which happenethin the month of Iuly, at which time the vehement
heat offümmerburneth the earth, and’ dryeth vp the riuers. And therefore becaufe the
Lyonisalfoota hot nature, and feemeth to pertake of thefubftance and quantity of the
Sun, he hath that place in the heavens . For in heateand force he excelleth allother beafts
asthefundoth allotherftars. — : | [2510 Shi | fi}
In his breaftes and forepart hee is moft ftrong, and in his hinder part more weake, fo
is thefünne, encreafing votill the noone or forepart of the yeare ,vntill the fümmier,and
afterwardes feemeth to languith towards the fetting, or latrer part ofthe yeare called the
20 Winter. Andthe Lyonalfe feemeth alwaies to looke vp with a fiery eye, enenas the
Sunne whichis patent with the perpetuall. and infatigall fight vpon the earth. TheLyon |, ;,
alíoisa fignification of the furine, for the haires of hi$ mane do refemble the flreaming Ant ois
beanies of the funne;and therefore this conftellationis ftiled withthe fatne epethites thar
the Lyonand the Sun are, as heate-bearing, zftine, ardent, arént;calent, hot, flammant,
burning, Herculeam, mad, horrible, dreadfull, cruel andterrible. Itis feigned ofthePo-
| ets thatthis Lyon was the Nemeaw Lyon flaine by Hercules, wbichat the commaunde-
| ment of Juno was fofteredin Areadia, and thatinanger againft Hercules after his death;
| fhe placed himinthe heauens. HSUOV.OLE pn ig: pil yas ;
| To conclude this ftory ofthe Lyons: it is reported ofthe Diuels called Ono/celi, that’ M m
| 39 they flew themfelues fometimes in thefhapes of Lyons and Dogges,and the Dogge of |
Serapis which was fained to haue three heads, on the left fide a Wolues, onthe right fide: d
| a Dogges, and inthe middlea Lyons. Wehaue (hewedalready, thatthe people called d
| H
|
|
|
|
CR
T
Eu pee < : me E SS E R
dca d EE ES re
Auipr aciet « did worthip a Lyoneffe becaufe (hekilled a Tyrant. Andthe Egyptians buil-'
deda Citty tothe honor of Lyons, calling it Leomtopolis, and dedicating Templesto Vul- Lyoiis hati 1B
can for their honor. And in the porches of Heliepelisyhere were common ftipends for the shed in Te .
nourifhing of lions. MU ples, nd : am
As in other places where they are fed daily with Beefe, and hauealfo windowesintheir — 7 — i
lodgings , with great Parkes and {paces allotted vnto them fortheirrecreation and exer:
| cifes : with an opinion that the people that came vnto them to offer and worfhippe them, d
4o fhould fec a fpeedy reuenge through devine iudgement vpon al thofe that had wronged 1
them by periury, or broken the oath of fidelity.To conclude, in holy Scripture, we finde
that out Sauiour Chrift is called the Lion of the tribe of 7s44P 5 foras heeis alambe in his. i
innocency, fo is hea Lion in his fortitude. The Deuil alfo is called aroaring Lion,becanfe f
Lions in their hungerare moft of al ful of furie and wrath. And fo I wil concludeand end d
this ftorie of Lions, with that Emblem of Alciatus, defcribing how litle Hares did reioice : f
and leape vpon dead Lions ; | 4
77 7 Quiteties boffes vicerat ante fuos, if
| Dum curru et pedibus uecfere vincla parant. I;
| Connellant barbam vel timidi Lepores.
al
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496
e^dlbertus
Sextus.
Acfeul apis.
Galen,
Raf.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
The medicines of the Lyon.
The bleod ofa Lyon being rubbed or {pred vpon a Canker, or vpon a fore which is
{welled aboutthe vaines, wil prefendy and without any paine cureand cafe the griefe
thereof. Whofeeuer doth anoint his body all ouer with the blood ofa Lyon, may fafe-
ly and wichoutany danger trauaileamongftany wilde Beaftes whatfoeuer. The flefhof
a Lyon being eaten either byaman or VVoman whichis troubled with dreamesand fan- ro
tafies inthe night time, will very fpéedily and effe&ually workehim eafe and quietneffe.
The famealfobeing boyledor baked, and giuen te them. which are diftraught of their
wits to eate doth bring them eafeand comfort, and renew their wits againe: itis alfo very
oodforthe paines or deafeneffe oftheeares. Andbeing taken in drink, it helpeth thofe
which are troubled with the (haking of the ioyntes orthe Palfie. NV hofoeuer {hall haue
fhooes made of the hide or skinne of a Lyon or Wolfeand weare them vpon his feete, he
fhall neuer haueany paineoracheinthem. — |
They will alfo defend him that vfeth them fromthe’ gout, ex {welling in the feete or
Leoges. The skin or hide ofa Lyonisalfo very good for either man or Womaniwhich
are troubled with the piles or {welling of the vains,ifthey fhall but atfome feuerall times
fct vponit. |
The fat ofa Lyon is reported to be contrary to poyfon and venemous drinks,and be-
ing taken in Wine it will by thefent expell all wilde Beaftes from any one :and it doth
alfo re(iftand drive away the fent or fmell of Serpents, by which they follow men to de-
fioy them. V homfoeuer doth annoint his body all ouer withthetallow or fewet of the
raines orkiday of a Lyon, fhall by the fentand fauor thereof expelland driue away from
him all Wolues, how greedy and rauenons foeuer they be. Aman being throughly an-
nointed withthe greace of a Lyon being melted, doeth driue away from him and putto
flight any liuing creature whatfoeuer,and alfo venemous and poyfonous Serpents them-
felues. If any wilde beaft bee annointed with the tallow or fewet ofa Lyon which is dif-
20
folued and clarified, he fhallneither be troubled with the ftinging of Flies or Bees. The 39 |
fat or greace ofalyon being mingled with Oyle of Rofes, doth keepe theskinne of the
facefiee from all blaftings and blemithes, being annointed thereupon,and dothalfo pre-
ferue the whiteneffe thereof, and being mingled with Snow Water, doth healeany flefh
which isburnt or fcortched vponaman,and doth alfo curethe {welling of the ioynts. The
" fewet or fat ofalyonbeing mingled with other oyntments, and annointed vpon the pla-
ces of either man or woman who haue any blemifhes in any part of thei bodies,doth pre-
fently expelthe fame. The fame vertue hath the dung ordurt of alion being mixed with the
aforefaid vnguent. sen vm TN *H
The greace ofalyon being diffolued and prefently againe conglutinated together and
|
|
fo being annointed vpponthe body of thofe who are heauy and adde, it will fpeedily ex- 49
terpate all forrow and griefe from their beartes. Thefame alfo being mixed with the mar-
row ofan Hart and with lettice,and fo beaten andbruifed, and afterwards mingledalto-
gether, is anexcellent remedy againft the fhrinking ofthe Nerues and finewes, and the
aches of the bones andkauckels about. thelegges being annointed thereon. The greace
ofalyon by itfelfe onely, mixed witha certaine ointmentisalfo very profitableto expell
the gout. is ad
The faine being mingled withO yle of Rofes,doth eafe and help thofe whichare trou-
bled daiely with Agues and quartan Feauers. Thefamealfo being diffolued and poured
into the eares of any one which is ttoubled. with any paine in them, will prefently free
himtrom thefame. There is alfoin this lyons Greace, another excellent vertue whichis
this, that if the iaw-bone of any one be {welled and annointed ouer with this greace being
melted, it will very {peedily auoide the paine thereof.
The fat or fewet of a Lyon being melted and mixed with certaine other thinges,and fo
miniftred vnto any one thatis troubled with the wringing of the bowels,and bloody flix,
inthefame manner as a glifter is vfed, is commended for an exgellent remedie forthe
| | fame
$9
Of the Lion. | 487
fame. Thefamealfo being mingled witha certaine oyle and warmed together,and anoin-
ted vpon the head of any one, whofe haire doth fned, oris troubled withthe Foxes euill,
doth immediatly helpeand curethe fame. The feede ofa Hare being mixed with the fat
of a Lyon,andannointéd vpon the priuy members of any one, will ftirre and incitate
them vpto luft, how chaft foeuer they (hall be.
The fatte of a Lyon rhingled with the fatteof a Beare, and melted together, being 77/9;
anoynted vpon the belly,dotii allay and affwage the hardnefle thereof, as alfo any other
Gg aen
. paineor griefe in the fame. The braines ofa Lyon,asalfo ofa Car; being takeinin drink,
Io
20
ay
7
doth make him mad vnto whom itis giuen. The fame being mingled with fome fmall
quantitie of oyle of fpike, and powred or diftilled into the eares of any one which is deafe eMbertes
or thicke of hearing, will very effe&ually cure the deafenefie..
If the eyeteeth of a Lyon be hung about the necke of ayoong childe before thathe pif
¢afthis teeth, and the beginning of bisfecondor new teeth, they wilikeepehimforcuer —
from hauing any ache or paineinthem. The hart of a Lyon being beaten into fmall
powder, and taken in drinke, doth very fpecdily cure and healethofe whicharetroubled -:.
with Agues aud quartaine feauers. The liuer of the Lyon being dryed, and beaten to Pliny
powder, and put in the pureft wine whichis poffible to be gotten, and fo drunke, doth
take away the paine and griefe from any one whichis troubled with hisliuer,
The gall of a lion being taken in drinke by any one; doth kill or poyfon himout of hand. ruins
Büt {ome doe imputethis Venome, to bein the gall of a leopard. The gall of a lion being
mixed with pure water, and anoynted vponthe cyes of any one, will take away the ble-
mi(hes thereof, and caufe them to fee clearely : and the fatte of the lyon being added --
thereunto, is an excellent remedie againft the falling ficknefle. A very little parte or Alberta
dram of the gall of alyon being put in wineand fo drunke, will fpeedily helpeand cure
thofe which aretroubled with the yellow iaundife. The fame difeafe is alfo cured by yel-
low carets being ftamped and put in wine,and fo giuen in drinke, |
Forthe foresor blemifhesinthe eyes, the gall of a lyon being mingled with hony, gs,
and fo anointed vpon them, is commended fora very fpecialland effe&uall cure or hea-
ling. The gall ofa lyon, a Beare, or an Oxe be mixed with certaine other vnguents,is ve-
ry much vied for theextending or moouing forward of conception. Theright ftone of
a lyon being beaten together with rofes, andfo ftrained hard, vntill fome liquid iuice or Rafi
water doth proceede from them, and fo taken in drinke, doth make that party barren,va-
to whom itis given: ithath the like effe& init, if itbe eaten, either roafted or broiled,
or raw and bloodie. The fat which procedeth from the priuitie or fecret parts of a fhe
lyon being put ina vefiell made of Iuory,and fobeing temperately mollified, is com- eAetins
mended for avery effe&uall and fpeedy meanes to hinder conception. The dung, or
dirt of alyonbeing dryed into powder, and mixed with fome certaine foft and eafie oint-
ment, with which any one may be eafily anointed onerallhisbody, doth driue away the
blemi(hes and fpotsin the skinne. :
The hurts or foreswhicharebitten either by a maleor female lyon, are fo full of mat-
ter andfilthy corruption, that the running thercofcan be ftayed and repreffed neither by
lapping of cloathes about them, nor by wathing them with fpunges : theyare cured by 4,442
the fame meanes as the fores which are bitten by rauenous dogs are, as I haue before de-
clared in the cures ofthe Hyzna. The wounds which are made bythe teeth of a lyon
arevery burtfull: for as much asthe venome of their interior partes doth goe into the
wounds, and when the wounds are tyed the venome iffueth from them into the thinges
with which they are tyed, and the fame bindings being againe bound vpon the wound,
doth fo infe& it, that it canbe cured by no other meanes but by theafo refaid medicine.
Thebitings of lyons and fuchlike beaftesare fo dangerous, inregard of their ftrength
and fierceneffe, for they doe not onely bite, butalío wreathand teare the wounds which
they make with their teeth, or nailes: and thus much fhall fuffice for the cures of the
Lyon.
Albertus
oO mele
sap pcm
ao Serer ae
esperan ^
mei e ania
"Ee ot ce E RR A
m
Res
—
Ic MEC
ot Aron ihe uad andouc Kir CORN TL CEU TERME CET ee Vous cU ME LL Li LE ru UM ee a
KE ee ET Zu n TAE
A. » Li w
+ aaa “es
ae AME
=?
oe
v
P ML Lat
CJ e Er
o ETE, cea el
ET E
— f
z
T LEER DES
rM —_— aos ES ume m D m
ek
Sit
-
xl
"The names
af tbe Linx.
me
“The picture of a Linx, oncein
ih " » DENS
tes 19"
“A,
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
OP TIC DENS
the Tower of London, which was forf? deferibed
by pecter Cay.
EN
Xd)
d
Moin
——
N
n
'
ii
LL. MAD
TA
lefier then tie other, yet verte like.
10
29
49
zi] He wildebeaft which amongeft the: Germaines is named
Luth/s, by makinganame fromthe Zinxe, oras others
write Luxor Luxs :amongftthe Italians isatthis daie cal-
led Lapoceruere, or Ceruerio,being engendered betwixe a
Hind anda wolf; and likewife amongft the Rhatiaus which
{peak Italian; andthe Sabandians, andthe Dalmatians or $9 |
7| Illiriaus Ceruzro. But thet e was certaine Bohemianof Jate,
which declared that the Ling ashe coniectured, was called
among ft the Illyrians Rys (and chat it was called Lach/s a-
mong the Germaines) butthat amongeftthe Illirians was
The
ant
Of the Lynx: . 489
The Spaniards doas yet cal him by the Latine name Zjzcejeuen as certain Italian writers
in their vulgar tongue, as 4/47zus doethteftifie. In certain places in Helvetia, andabout
Sedunus,chey callhim Thierwolfz. | Amongftthe barbarous writers heeiscalled by the
name of an Ownce:which I do fuppofe to bea Panther.Fr. Alunnus doth fay that this beaft
was called of certaine Ze4/i22 writers inthe vulgartongue, Lonza,fome interpreting it to
bea Lioneffe; fomea Pardall;a Panther, ox a Wolf ,engendered ofa Hind anda Wolfe.
Ounces do commonly feeme to be called rather Linxes, then Panthers: but although
fomelate writers doattributethe name toa Leopard ora leffer Panther, ir feemeth not- Bellonine:
withftanding corrupt from the Linx: for he is creature very like him bothin his craft and
fhape of his body, but a Linx hath histaile fhorter, and his lon ger.Zibards-bane doth kil
'9 Leopards and Linxes. HiCeHHA
THESE FIGVRES WERE TAKEN
by Olaus Magnus.
26
39
The Latines callthis beaft Lupus Ceruarius, and Linx ofthe Greeke word Zagx,from Thereafox
( : 1 ? of the Latine
whencethe German ei#luchs :and it hath bene beleeued, that the Latine name was SIEM names,
vntoit, becaufethey wereingendred betwixt a Wolfe and Hind, butthere isno wife man
that will fuppofe orbecafily induced to beleeue, thatbeatts of fuch hoflility ,andaduerfe
difpofitions in nature, (hould euer ingender or fuffer copulation together; and therefore
Irather fuppofe that it is called Cerwarins, either beeaufe it hunteth Harts and Hindes, or
elfe becaufe it imitateth their young ones in the outward colour and fpots in the skinnes.
There was a beaft faith Plizy) which wascalled Chas, and by the French Raphlws,brought
in publicke {pectacle by Pompey the great out of France which in fhape refembleth a wolf,
| 4° andin {pots a leopard ; and therefore I think that Chaus, Raphlus, and lupus cernarius ,are
| diuerfe names ofone and the fame wilde Beaft,and yet by diuers writers itis confounded
with the Toes, or with the Panther, or with the Ounce.
But I cannot agree thereunto; feeing it is written by Pliny, that about the River Padus
in Ztaly there are certain beafts called Zynces,from whence commeththe Lywewionwhich
by Zenethemis are called Lange, and by others Langurie.And Solinus alfo agreeth there:
unto, taking Lupus Ceruarius, for akind of Linx. | ras tee 4 |
Some haue fabled thatthere isa Beaft called Lysceus, which ssidas and Vavinus call o£ us Fori De
Oxuderches:andthey fay that the cies of it are the beft fighted of al the beafts in the world. * " B
Oppianus maketh two kind of Linxes,one, a greater, and hunteth Harts and great Beaftes, 4 sio aa TEM if
>® the other a fmaller and hunteth wilde cats and Hares. And firftofall wil fet downethe Linse by D. 3 hi
defcription of this beaft, according as it was taken in England by that learned Phyfitian as in ü Ina
D. Cay, whofe words I do heere expreffe. There is in the Tower of London(faith JobgCay) Ane te OF ‘we ee) Id
< the fight of E
abeaft which eateth fleth, bis wholebody being of the greatnes ofa lamb of two months a in POM
old,hauing his head,mouth,feet, and nails,like to a cat.But concerning his beard, & Hla] the Tower, Pay
. d Í TUBIS JH
l i
ü »
Du. am i
| E D
C MB s
ir s niat
Tt
4 1
E
(1 in
Mui
ry Mh
se t -—
zm
490 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
his beardeharigeth downe omboth fides, divided iri the middle with fundry colouts;the
former being white, and the latter. blacke: his taileis (hort andthicke, being from: the
middle to the vppermoft part red; and io the lower part blacke : his: eies being yellowe,
the haire of the eye-lids obfcurely waxing white. Hiseares erected vpright, as the eares
ofa catte being repleni(hed within with white haire y without couered with white and
blacke, but fo that the vpper parte is blacke , the middle, ( for itisdeuided into three
parts) be white, and the loweft blacke agaie. Neither is it content to be endedinhis.owne
* couríe, exceptalfo that his former partare, orthe fartheft brinkes: or edges, and alfo his 16
latter may bebended onthe other fide, in like manner. asthe edges ofthe priefts hatte of
the Grecian church are folded amongftthe Venetians <; boc q5
In thetop of his cares there are placed fome blacke haires, asit wereia foretop.er tuft.
The colour of this beaft inthe outmoft parts is red, in the innermoft white, bui{prinkled
herewith blackefpots, andalmoft by rowes, and there with fpots Íome: what lighter then
the other, all his haire being forthe moftpart whiteall oucr :all his body except the a-
forefaid fpots, asit is inthe certaine blacke skinnes of young conies. | And on both the
{ides of his nofetherearefoürefpotsfetin order. In bothhislippes, asnow wee will de-
clare: in his vppermoft lippe thereare fiue orders;or rowes, being ofa very equall di-
ftaunce. 20
Inthe fir row, and the vpper, foure sin the fecond, fiue : in the third, eight: inthe
fourth, fiue ; inthe fift, there are foure, and thee alfo euery one in his order, haunig an
equall diftance.In the lower lip there are onely feauen more manifeft and euident, being
laced ia tworowes. Inthe firft,four, to the very.mouth of the lippe, in the fecond after
them three Others: after thefe, other leffer but not placed with fo certain and true order
as the vpperaoft. Es ü 2 ges
Iuthéypperlippe on both fides thereare certaine white haires being rougher then
thofe in Cats.and Lyons.His nofe, is fomewhat ofa palered colour, being fomewhat di-
ftin& or apart from the reft of his face on euery fide witha blackeline. Another line
alío doth deuidethe outermoft part of his nofe by length(as inan Ounce) butonely be- 30
ing lightly lead by the toppe or higheft parts, not impreffed higher by the lower-moft.
The skinne of his feetís exceeding hard, and his nailes are hidin his feet (as thenailes
ofan Ounceanda catsare) neither doeth he put them forth at any time, vnleffe in taking
;' ofhis preyas they do. . |
"* — Hedothclimbe wonderfully, fo, that what he may beableto do inthat thinge (either
in his caue or den) nature her felfe dothteach. Heisa quicke-moouing-creatbre; and .
cannot ftand ftill ina place, fo chat except (by meerechaunce) a voice of wood-pecker
in the basket ofa certaine country man(who came then onely to fee the Zyons) had made
him quiet andattentiue, there had bene no hope ofthe portraiting out the pi&ure of his
body. Hebeing prefent he was moft quyet: but he going away, hee would neuer ftande 49
(till: wherefore! was conftrained to fend my manafter the Countrey man to buy the
birde, which beeing prefent, he ftood very {till vntill che bufines was difpatched and the
workeabfolutely perfected. | | |
Our Country men call it Lazarne, itis doubtfull whether we fhoulde call it. Zeuzce, or
Lynx, in the affinity of the words. Ais skinneis vied by Noble-men;and is fold fora great
price. Heisangry atnone but them which offer himiniury, his voice is likea cats, when
he would {natch away the food from his fellow. Hes louing and gentle vnto his keeper;
and not ctuell vntoany man, /e farre Doctor Cay. |
Vato this defcription of Do&or Carus, I may adde another defcription that was taken
fight ofa fkin 3
palmes, fix fingers, anda {panne ; the length of his forelegges a fpanne and fue fingers,
andthelength of his hinder-legges, a {panne and three fingers, thehaire was very fofte,
but yet thickeand deepe, the tippes of the hairevpon his back were white, butin the nea-
ther moft parts they were red, and they are moftwhite which fall downewardes on boeth
fides from the midale of his backe. j
I
Anotherde. bythe fight ofthe skinne of this beat. Thelength whereor fromthe tip of thenofevnto ge l
fcriptionts- the very taile, was fourefpannes, and fiue fingers, and the length ofthe tailefeuen fin-
Ken bythe ^ Sers.the bredth of the fhoulder-blades of his backe, and the toppe of his neckewastwo
Of the Lynx. | 491
Inthe middle they are more redde and dusky, the middle of the belly; and efpecially
the lower partis white, but both fides of it are white and red, and euery where vppon his
belly thereare black {pots, but moft plentifull inthe bottome of the belly,an¢ on both
fides. The vppermoft part of his necke, rightoueragainft his eares, hath great blacke
fpottes, his eares are fimall, and not bigger then alittle Triangle, in theedges they are
black, although with the blacke haires there are mingled fome white. His beard is mixed
with blacke;and white haire, which haire is greatlike to briftles. Theteethare moftwhite
and the vpper canine teeth hange ouer the neather, the breadth ofafinger, whereof fixe
arefmall, and of thofe fixe two arethe greateft, and allthe refidueare very {mall on the
| ©: neather chapp, and to conclude, althe teeth were like acommon Weafils or Martill: his:
| 1e . - fA
| V" feet were very rough, being fiue diftin& clawes vpon thefore-feete, and foure vppon the
hinder, which clawes were very whiteand fharpe. | Ü aae
Thetaile was of equal bigneffe and thicknes, butin thetip thereof itis blacke: "T hefe a Lyhxesfkin
skinnesare fold for three Nobles a peece, and fometime for fix, and (ometimes for leffe,
according to the quantity oftheskinne and countrey wherein it is fold. And vnto this de-
{cription do Bellonius and Bonarwsagree. For Bellenius at Conftantineple faw two Lynxess
muchlike vnto cats, and Bonarws had oftentimes feene them hunted in Mofchouiz, Littu-
ania, Polonia, Hungaria,and Germany: Buthe commendeth aboue al other the Lines of
Scotlandand Swefia,as moft beautifull,hauing Triangular {pots vpon theyr skinnes. But
go the Zudian and African Linxes, he faith haue round fpots, fharpe-briftly-fhort-haire,and)
full of{pots onall parts oftheir body, and therefore they arenot fo delicateas the Linxes:
_of Earope, which with good caufe heconie&ureth to bethe Linxethat Pliny {peaketh of,7
andnot valike to that which is bred in staly. There are Linxes in diuers countries, as in
the for-named Rusia, Littnania,Po!lonia,Hunzary Germany ,Scotland.{o alfo they are moft
abundantin Scandinavia, in Swefia, foalloabout Hyel/us,and Hel/yngia : likewife in all the
Regions vpon the Alpes, and in sylua Martia,they are alfo very plentiful in Aethiopea, in
|^ Franceand Italy, about the riuer Padus, and in the Ifland ed nt :and thus hauing dif
B — courfed of their country and proportion, whereby their differences and kindes may bee
difcerned, we will leane euery one of them to their particular, and proceed to the treatife
and defeription of their general natures. | PLOWS 2 |
"There is no great difference betwixt their outward fhapesand proportion, for both
the {maller andthe greater haue bright cies, diuers coloured skins, alittle head, anime 6
bleand cheareful face, and (Albertus faith) thattheir body is longerthen the body ofa: es en
Wolfe, buttheir legges fhorter, miftaking the Linxe forthe thoes. Their eyes ftande andteueral
| forth of their heads very far, theirtonguc like the toong of a Serpent; (and Textoraffir- P^
| methythat they haue pappes or vdders in their Breaftes, but furely hee taketh Zinxe for
(0 Sphinx. 26 | |
Ll ; Theirmeat goeth into the belly ftraight through the maw,without flay ing; and there:
|' jnisanoteoftheir infatiable voracity, for none but infatiablebeafts or birdsare foaffec-
|» ted;as in birds,the Cormorant. Tt hath no ankle bone, buta thing like vnto it, the nails are
4° very long, as you may fec in two ofthe former pictures, buthee hideth them within his
| skintilhe be angry,teady to fight orclimbe;or otherwifeafiected, as you may fee by the
|. pi&ureofthe Lingtaken in the Tower of London. ;
| Theinward proportion and antomy of their bodiesislike vntoa mans, and therefore
| Glen giveth this lefonto ftudents in Phificke, preftat fimiarum homini , quam fimilima-
| vum artus de[[tcare yum tein exemplo exercere inftitwes, fm ea non detua aliquam ei proximam
jV delegito,aut fi nulla omnino Simia reperiatur Cynocephalum,vel Satyrum vel Lincem,{umma-
| fim ew omnia , quibu artuum extrema, indigitos quinq, difcreta funt. "Thatistofay. Itis —.. p.
goodtodifce& thofe bodies which are likeítto a man, when one would inftru& himfelfe M
Countrics of
Lynxes,
30
|^. inanatomy, and ifhe cannot find an Ape, let him take a Baboone, a Satyre, ora Linx, and 3D B
| Y. generally any creature, the extremity of whofe finnewesand ioynts arc diuided into fiue b. Eu i
| fingers or toes. aust " DU, \e
" Therebe fomethat haue thought, that Panthers, Pardals, Linxes, or Tygers, hadde Cae |
bin all of thekind of cats, becaufe ofa mucuall refemblance in the greatneffe and (trengtls "La M UR
oftheir nailes,in the diflin&ion of their {kinnes,which are pattye coloured and faire, ha- mes)
. wing . } | [ )
i uw E NM
| ih li NL j | ff
| ‘ Y i A : :
» pss
RE -
ee
vue
d at. ge
m.
ae zd
— m
Wer Mu te pi t
BS = OL ee tees eT ce -— z
Esel
SS ee LE
SS See
——
4239
'T he actions
and diípofiti-
ons of linxes
Stwinp/ivs
the places of
their abodc,
Sate
E
foode.
their mgator ^
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
ving alfo'a foundhiead; fhort face; along taile, animble bodyya wilde mind, and gette
their meatby hunting «but heercin keane euery manto his owne beftliking and opini-
on: for when we haue done our beftto expreffe their naturesand feuerall properties;it
fhalbe ydle to fpend timeabout difputation to what ranke or order;euery beat Ought to
be referred. For euery onc that readethr oar ftoryanid feeth our pi&tures may: either bee
farisfiedy or els amend oür labours) 9.) > root ados!d 2d ne
The Zinx therefore biteth moficruelly and deepe, and therefore is accounted; ap ax
anival,tnftar lupi fed callidins a Beattas rauening as awolfe, bur more crafty; they get vp
into treés,and from them leape downevppon very gréat beaftes;and deftroy themsbees
ing enemies boch tomenand beafts, andar their pleafure,according to neceffity#etvp- 1e
pon both: tesbs191 sch co Bini rii. vs
They are taken fomtinies in Germany, inthe dutchy.of Wertinberg, and that itwasonce
I
.__ credibly affirmed ,oneofthem leaped: downe from a tree vpponacountrey man; as he
paffed vnderthe fame tree, but beingweary, and: hauing an axeon his necke;hereceiued.
her on the (harp ‘edgethercof,and{o killed her, otherwife fhe woulde foone: haue killed
hifzágX ovi vist sait ' 5OTGky .
They liuein the mountainesalfo,where they ate killed by. poifon, or elfehunted by
armed ménon horfe-back,and included with multitudes, for their hunting is:perilous,
andthereforethey muftbe inclofed with great company. Some take. chem with ditches
as we heard before Lyaaswere taken, others in {nares or ginnes laide vppontherockes, 20
and {tones, and whenfoener they are hunted with Dogs,they run direétly to the woods or
to thenexttrees,wherein they arekilled by gun-fhor, 90 thy n
Inthe Summer time they are very weakeand liue among the Rockes, neuer ftrayinge
farre from their owne lodging, burting no man vntill the autumn; They hunt wilde goats,
whoin they follow from Rocke to rocke, leaping as faft, or fafter then the Goates. . They
huntalfo wilde cats and Hares, and fome other little beafts, but the greateft Linxes hunt
Hartes and Affes, and their manner i$as wee haue faide already, to get vp intotrees; and
Olaus mag. there to ly in waite for their prey, vntillthey efpy it vader the boughes, and then fudden-
A fingular
note of fore
getlulnefie,
Pliny.
Solinus,
ly leape into the necke thereof, whetherit bea man ora great Beaft; wherein theyfixtheir — 9
clawes fo faft, that no violence can (hake them off, but with the (harpeneffe of their teeth, 36 |
bite into the fcull, and eate out the braines to the vtter de(tra&tion ofthe manor beafte, ^ 1
whomfoeuer they light ypon, but ifit be a fmall beaft; they eate the whole body thereof,
and not onely the braines. m ,
.. Yetthisisa wonderfullfecret in their nature,that although they belong affli&ed with
‘ hunger; yet when they eate their meate; if they. beare any noife, orany other chaunce
caufechem to turne about from their meat, out ofthe fight of it, they forgettetheir prey;
notwithftanding theyr hunger, and goe to fecke another bootey, neuer remembring that |
which they had before them, nor yet returne backe againe to eate thereof, "The voice of |
this beaft is called by a fpeciall worde in Latine, Oreare,or Corcare, whichT may Engli(h
croaking, or whining, for the voice thereofis not great, and therefore the Author of Phi- 46
lomela faith dum linxes orcando framuat , vr[us ferus Vucat , while the Linxecroaketh, the |
thevoiceof wildebeare whineth. And z4rlunus faith, Cercare vox lupe Ceruarij to croakeis the voice
Linxes.
the fight of
Linxes.
Orpheus,
ofa Linx. 4o |
Itis thought that of all bea(tes they feeme moft brightly, for thepoets faine, that
their eie-fight pierceth through euery folid body, although it be as thicke as a wall; yet if
you offer vntoitany thinge which is tranfparent, it is much offended; and fometimes
blinded, but I cannottell; whetherthefight be attributed to che Linxetrüely accordinge
to nature, or fabuloufly in imitation ofthe poeticall fi&ion of Zyseens, of whome it x
was faide in auncient time, that hee fawe thorough ftone. Walles, of whome Hoarase
writeth thus | 50
Non pofsis oculo, quantum contendere lynceus
Non tamen id circo contemnas lippus in vnei.
Marcus Tullius alto faith in this manner, in the admiration of Lyaceus eye-fight, as thogh
darkenes did not hinder it, qés eff tam lyneeus qui im tantis tenebris nihil offendat. Apollomi-
ws faith, that {o greatwas the perfection of this mans eye-fight, as he was belecued to fee
per-
3o notonely the female butthe malealfo, wherein they differ from all other beafts : and itis
Ofthe Lynx. 493
2
. perfectly downeinto the earth and what was don in Hell. P/uzarch faith, that he could fee
thrugh trees & rocks. Paw/auias writech, that he was aking, and raigned after Dauaouita.
Pyndarus writeth that Jda and Lymeus were the fons of Aphanens, and that a contention
growing betwixt /d« and Caffer and Pollwx at the marriage of Helena becaufe they twaine
would haue rauithed Phoebe and dayra,the wiues of sda, and Lynceus didtherefore flay The Fables
v ROUE . ofthe Poets
Caftorsaud afterwards Lyncens {lew Pollux when he fpyedhim lic vnder an Oake,from the about Lin-
mountaine Taygetus. Py! ain
- Wherefore zapizer flew 14a with lightning, and placed Ca/for and Pollux inheauen a- Theocritas
mong the flars. Therewasanother Lyncews husband of Aypermneftra , Daughter of Da-
ceus.
10 445, Which Danaws hauing commanded allhis daughtersinthe mghttime tokill their
husbands, fhe onely {pared hir husband Lynceus . But the truth is, that Lyncews of whom
there is fo many fables of his ciefight,was the firft that found out the mines of gold,filuer (elias,
and Braffein the earth, and therefore finple people feeing him bring golde and filuer
out of theearth, and comming now and then vpon him whilehewas a digging deepefor
it, vfing the light of Candles, which heneuer brought out of the pits, they foolithly ima-
gined, that by the fight ofhiseies he was firftof allledto feeke for thofe treafüres, and Palephatis
from hence camethe common prouerb. Zyzceo per/picacior, for a man of excellent eye-
fight; and to concludeothers fay,that Lynceus could {ee the new Moone the fame day or
night that fhe changed, and that therefore the fame of his eye-fight camefo tobe cele-
26 brated, becaufe neuer any mortall man faw that fight himfelfe excepted. And from theft
fables of Lynceus came the opinion of thefingular perfpicacity of the beaft Linx: of whom
as L faid before, asthe fight is very excellent, and fo farre excelling men, (as Galen faith)
likes is alfo the fight of Egles, fo Ido not holdany fuch extraordinarie and miraculous
fence tobe inthis beaft, after any other manner, then the'Poets did feigne it tobein Lyz-
cem except as before {aid, Ommnesimbeciliore [umwus cernendi poteftate.fi aquilarum et Lyntis,
acursinibus conferamur. And therefore the prouerb before fpoken of, may as well bee ap-
ylyed metaphecically tothe beaft Linxe, as poetically to the man Zynceus,andfo much
may fuffice for the fight-Iris reported alfo that when they fee themfelues to be taken they: az ¢ reng:
dofendforth teares and weepevery plentifully. Their vrine they renderallbackewards, Their vrine
3 : , . is bare 'weepin
faid of them, that they knowing a certaine vertueintheir vrine, do hide itin thefand,and [po
is harder, fhiaing like fire, wherewithall they make fealing rings, which caufed Owidto
write thus» |
13121 Vitta ,vacemifero Lyucas dedit India Baccho
E quibus vt memorant quiequid veficaremifit
Vertitur tn lapides , & congelat aere tacfo.
* Butthey (ay dfi ofthe pile commeth the fiery, and yellowe Amber, and of the female
"commeththe whiteand pale Amber. In Italy they call it Langarium, andthebeaft Lan-
gurte and Lange. This Lyseuriumis called offome Electrum,Pterygophoron, andthey fay
it is the fame which will draw vnto itleaues, ftrawe, and plates of Brafleand yron, accor-
ding totheopinioas of Miscles, and Theophraffus,andthat being drunke out of Water is
good for the ftomacke, and very conuenient for the fluxe of the belly, according to Dio-
feorides and that it cureth the paines of the reines, and heafeth the kings euill, according
* co solinus;And Theophraftus goeth about to eftablith this opinion by reafon,andlaboreth
tto perfwade it as probable, thar the vrine of a Linx, (hould congeale into a tone among
fand,as wellas thevrine ofa man, to ingendera {tone in the raines or inthe bladder.
Andofthisópinionis Pliny, Theophraftus, HefychiussVarinus, Zenothimis, Plutarch,and
EL Anfiorle Batin my opinion iris buta fable:For Theophraf? himfelfe confeffeth that Lyges-
vium, which he caleth Lysgurig,and Amber Hualos,is digged out of the earth in Lygwria.
2dines 8 Metradorus {ay that thereis a certain treein Lyguria, out of whichamberista-
ken,& this tree is the blacke Popler,,8it isalfo very probable, that feeing this Amber was
firft of all brought into Greece out of Lyguria , according to the denomination of all
| TEM Vy ftrange
and teares or
à; : b Vrine conge
that thereof commethacertainepretious ftone called Zyncurium, which for brighneffe hanes me
vefembleth the Amber,andyet is fo congealed and hardned in thefand that no carbuncle 557 92e
—
E
GEGTEI
ee
c—
e eee
Pam |
| i
IS CE
| "n R
vg AID PME
1 iy) &
3 i
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
(lrage things,they called it Zyxgurinm after the name of the country whereupon theig- .
norant Latines did feigne an etimology of the worde Lyncurium,quafi Lynxt vrinam,and L
vppon this weake foundation haue they raifed that. vaine. buildinge ; and for further de-
monttration of this truth, (Diofcorides faith in his difcourfe of the Popler, that it grow-
ingaboutthe riuer Euridanus ,fendeth forth a certaine humor like teares which groweth
hard, whereofthey make that whichis called Ele&frum, being rubbed, it fmellethíweete; '
and for that it hath not onely power to drawvnto it, Braffe, Iron, and fuch thinges;but |
alfo golds It isalfo called Chryfapbeton ; vnto this Lucianus {ubferibeth, and whereas it |
was faid that in Italy this Amber ftone is begotten,neare che riuer Padus where ftand ma-
ny white Poplers,my conie&ureis, that fome fach like humor may iffue out of them, & 1e
notonelyby accident, bucthrough affinity of nature,and condenfate into a ftone, which
the peoplefindiag;couered in the fand vnder the trees,and through theirformerperfwas |
fion, might eafily take it for the ftone ingendred by the vrine of the Zinx.
Hermolaus alo writeth this of the Lycwrium, thatit growcth ina certaine ftone,and that
grow outof jtisakind of Mu/brom, ox Pad/toole whichis cut offyearely, andthat another groweth in
Jic Mufbrond, whereof Hermolaus {peaketh, And by thelittle ftones: and mall skinnes, it may
the roome of itj part-of che roote ot foot being left in the ftone,growethas hard asa flint,
and thus doth the ftone encreafe, with a naturall fecundity : which admirable thing (faith
he) Icould neuer bebroughtto belecue; vntill I did eate thereof in myne ownehoufe.
Evax (as is recyted by Syluaticns faith ) thatthe vrine of the Linx, deri fernatus ,gene-
rat optimos fungos fupra fe quotanis ,vefexued athome in ones houfe,bringeth forth euery 20 |-
yeare the beft Mufbroms. This isalfo called lapis Litzi, and Lapis prafins , whichis deui-
ded into three kindes, thatis Ja/pis, Armeniacus,and lapis phrigsus called alfo Belemintes $
whetewithall the Chirurgians of PrufSa and Pomerania, cure greene wounds, and the Phi-
fitians breake the {tone in the bladder. But the true Lymewrium whichis extant at this day; |
and currant among the Apothecaries,is aslightas the Pummis-ftone, andas bigasfilleth |
amansfitt, being of ablackifh colour, or of a ruffetstheruffetismorefolide;fandy;and — |
far, and being bruifed or eaten, tafteth like earth: both kinds are couered with little white
» skiris and thereis apparant in them,a fpungy tenatious fubítance;and this T take to be the
|
|
|
"' beconiectüred tobe torpus beterogones ,interracoale[cens :- A Hetragenianbody, encrea- 3e
1C fing inthe earth, whetewitball it hath no affinity... n
: ‘There wásanother ftone of thevrineof a Linxtobe feenin: Sawoy, the fubftance wherof
" was clearely chriftal,the forme of it was triangular, the hardnesfo,as you might-ftike fire
with it, and thecolour partly white, and partly like wine mingled with water, fothat J will
conclude, that the vrine ofa Linx may engender a ftone, though notin fuch manneras
isbeforefaide. Forthe Arabian Jorath affitmeth, » that with in feauen daies after theren-
dring, it turneth into a ftone; but itis not the Lyncurius property fo called, for thatis the
Amber or gum before fpoken of, although catacreftically fo called.
And ifitbe true, that there bee certaine Mafhroms neare the red-fea, which by the heat
ofthe funne are hatdnedinto ftones, then alfo it may follow very naturally, that thofe 4g
ftones máy produce Mujbroms againe ,for bothithe: diffolution and the conftitution of '
things are thought to be grounded vpon the fame principles. And thus much fhal fuffice
forthe vrineofthe Linx, and the ftone made thereof. . t
9 .
The skins of Linxesare moft pretious;& vfed inthe garments ofthe greatefl eflates;both
Viesoftheyr Lotds;Kings, and Emperors, as we haue. (hewed before, and for that caufeare fold very
feueral parts, deae ; The clawes of this beat, efpecially oftheright foote; which hee vieth inftead ofa '
x: s. ae aa ae eee : x Ji 21g "
E — ^ i = « — = — - = m zi. cd = fa > 7 = n E ou m. d = 92.
MEL rame — = —- = — UNCLE eee o cU rs zT 4 WI
ee cy o E roe o uu e CRM ee X IM : a EAS — :
— MM
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: tas — 2s
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rm RE
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eo
hand, are encluded in filuer, and fold for noblesa peece; and for; Amulets to bee worne a 8
gainftthe falling fickneffe. The loue of thefe beafts to their young ones is very great, like
asthe Pardals, Lions, and Tygers. Theking of Tartaria hath tame Linxes which he vfeth
in hunting in(tead of dogs. The ancient Pagans dedicated thisbeaft to Bacchus, feigning sa
that vihenhe triumphediin his chariot of vine branches; hee was drawneby'Tygers,and —
Linxes, Andtherefore Vzrgill faith, d^ «n i]
2j Quid Lynces Bacchi varia,
And Ouid:
Dicha racemifero, Lyneas dedit India Baccho.
o Ofthe Martens 495
Althenailes ofa Linx being burned with the skinjbeateninto powder,and giuen in drink
will very much cohibite and reftraine abhominable lechery in men: itwill aifo reftraine the medcines
| theluftia women beingfprinkled vpon them : and alfo very effe&tually and fpedily rake "na
| away either itch orfcurfeih man or womans body. The vrin of this bealtis accounted ve-
| «y medicinable forthofewhich are troubled with the ftrangury jor running of theraines. [
The améisalfo very ood and wholefomefor the curing ofany paineor griefe in the Pliny."
wind-pipeor throat, Besayus Baro doth affirme that the nailes of Einxes which are in their
| country are hadin greateftimation and priceamongfitheir piersor noble men: for there
| *! is avery certaine opinion amongit them, that thofe nailes being putvpon the yeard of ei-
ther hoffe ot beaft whofe vrine is kept backe or reftrained, will iri very: fhort {pace caufe
them to void it withoutany griefe at'al. Hereporrettralfo that their nailes doethere wax
white, and thatthey include them all in filuer, and docommiend them foran excellent re-
medy againft the cramp, ifthey bé worne (peraduenture be caüfethey are bending and
crooked) by which perfwalion therate fomefuperftitious men which hang certaimrootes
which are crooked andknotty aboutthem,againft thecrampe. There arelikewife fome
which do afcertaine that thefe nailes are good and ready helpes forthe forenes of the vn-
ula whichis in Horfesmouthes : and for that caufe there are many Horfemen which carry
them continually about them. que [. wl ti Thr
The Linxeor wolfe ; which is’ begotten ofa wolfe atida Hinde; the Musk-cat,the wea- a pnchdus,
fellandalfuch other like beafts, do moréhurt menbytheir biting teeth-wounds thea by
oifon. There was a certaine hunter as Collinus reporteth,which told bim that the flefhof
a Linx being fod in fome whor pottage or broth, and afterwardes eaten, would bea very
goodand wholefome medicine for the expelling of the Ague, or quartan feauer: and diat
|! thebones ofthe famebeaftbeing brentand pounded irito powder; would be avery excel-
| — Jentremedy for the curing of wounds which are old and flale;and ful of putrifa&ion, as
CER ae
ERE d
ERE mp Es See
(20
cT
alfo the Fiftulaes which grow in thethighesor hips of men.
Ofthe Marder, Martell, or Marten.
His beaftis called in the Hebrew Ouch, oras fome fay Zin,
amongftthe Arabians Ea/foz,or rather Kacheobeon, or Ka- yo eat
chineon, in Latine Martes : the Germans Marder, or Marter names
like the engli(h, the Italians Marta, Martore, or Martorello,
the French Mardre ot Foyne,the Spaniards Marta, the Illiri-
ansand Polonians Kuz4, and fome later Latins vie thefe
words Marta, Martarus, Marturus, and Marturellus,& the
reafon, or etimoligy of this Latin worde is taken from Mar-
tia, which fignifieth Martial, becaufethis beaftin warlike &
. 3 hoftill manner, deftroyeth her aduerfaries, andliuethvpon w^ kinds of t
: the prey, ofhens ,birds,and Mice. The Germans deuide thefe into two kinds, which they phus j
callby the names o£ Tacbmarder, Huffmarder, Steinmarder, Buochmarder , Feldmarder , Bn
| Wildmarder,Thanmarder, Fiechtmarder, that is to fay, The fic-Martin ,the rock-Martin, ike
the tame-martin, the beech-martin, the field-martin, the wild-martin, andthe wall-mar- i e
tin. For they liue either in houfes, wals, and temples, or elfein rockes, fields, and woods: ae
Andyetis not their diftin&ion, taken onely from the places of their aboad,butalfofrom - ae |
| the goodneffe of their skins. E _ Places of r
| Andtherefore theFrench call the word Martinby thename of reines: And the skins the abode,
ofthe firre-martin,or houfe-martin, 2re far more beautifullto looke yppon, then thofe 1
that liue wilde in the trees or woodes. Agricola calleth the wood-martin Bawmmarder ,by- " lm
o caufe itliueth for the moftpartin trees; and faith that it neuer forfaketh the woodes or |
very fildome, and therefore in that thing differethfrom the fitre-martin. But heerein he 1
fcemethto be deceiued, that he afcribeth to the beech-martin,a loamie or red throatjand | i
alfo a continuall aboad among the woods. For they come fometimes to houfes,andto OM
P
| 30
"S
Hee » UTOR aat ig e p eU eth o a e Ri scele CAT, SC MEI ALCO eg. eS ee vem ee et a Lp di ctm — "
= = == = E AES rH eae Sissi ars => aS ——
3 <= ^
Ll |
ete rete me ie
ls
rocks, for which as we haue faid already;itis called a houfe-marder,& rock-marder. And al : fs FM E |
thefe multitude of names, doe but expreffe the two kinds afore named,whereof the firte- wu
Vvy.2 martin $i i Br |
hi i , nia }
| ul E
AE
| j i br j| AME b.
Il V bh "n
| ! H vind |
jl ET 1 ? : y
m gp.
2 ET m
—
—-
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=
aS
496
T be Fiiftorie of Fourezfooted Beaffs.
The picture of the Marten.
Martinis moftexcelent, for princes Cy HOw
kh vie of and great Nobles are clothed ther- d efricrios We. 0s
how to chufe With, euery skinne being woorthe a 5; bslduo:to3 iy SN NLIS
the bet, .— French crowne, or foure fhillinges. isiore hi h WS S *
atthe leaft. Andthey arefo much}, nthe E Bim Nes =
the beter, when there are more whit | SAU NN ES
haires afperfed among the yellowe. Qa
Difference
betwixt
Foynes and
Martens
Regions bree
ding Martés.
For their ordinary colourisa deep
browne yellowe, and thefe thatare:
cleane white, arefoure times worfe
thenthe former sand therefore are
not folde for aboue three or foure
groats a peece, howfoeuer thefay- :
ing of Martial, Venator capta Marte
Superbus ad eff. leere commeth the
proud hunter that hath killed a Adar
tin, may very wellbe applyed vato. -
them which take any of thefe beafts,
for they cannot chufe but bec very /
ioyful,which getagoodfum of mo:.. . | j
ny foralittlelabeur as they hauc for :
amartinsskin. By infpe&tion ofthe
Foines, that iss The martins of che. X
beech, forthe Frenchmen calleda., hf
Beech Fas, from whence commeth suf
theword Feines, youmay fee, that Pw)
that their skins are more dusky, ha- SS
uing a tail both greater and blacker
then the martins of the firres. And
thereforéyou mutt vnderftand,that
they ofthe Firs, are by way of exce-
lency called wartins, and the other
ofthe woods called Foines. There is
no great difference betwixte theyr
bigaes :and if by their skins atany
time there feeme any inequality, in
breadth, orlength, it muftbe attri- _
buted totheir age and difference of.
years,and not to any proportion in.
nature or diftinétion ofkind.Andas ...
we haue faidthat the fir-wmartinsare |
abfolutly the beft, yet thatis norto
bevnderftoode generally. For the
martins of Pollonia are fo brown,that
they are altogither difliked, and are
accounted no better then the commen beech-martins. Wherefore the bright-browne a-
fperfed with white haires, is euer accounted more pretious without all exception and by
z =i
f enr
EGE’
775,
ZA.
z
A
AS LL DUE
27 I LETT
T. a
a
TZ
€
URER Ax
c.
\
1
tat colour vpon the backe ofthe skin, the skinner iudgeth ofthe woorth, and not by the 5°
ycllowneffeofthe throat. Ofthefe Beech-martins there are great plenty inthe Alpesy
efpecially on the South-fide, which look towards Italy, but verie few of the wal-martins.
But onthofe parts of the Alpes which looke towards Germany and the North, there area-
boundance of fir-martins with yellow throates, for you muft remember that thewilde
martin hatha white throat, and the firr-martina ycllow throat. |
There
3Of the, Martin. ie A017
Therearealío ofboth kinds in Helwetia,and the mott excellent are in the vailestowardes Eraf 5i
the Alpes. In France thereare no Martins of the wali, butthe beach Martins liue in hol-
low beaches. There are alfo woods full of thefe beaftes in Brz/£4, which thepeople there
call Gayat. Lanzerucca a wood of Scandenauia fourefcore mile long, is full of Martins. Al-
| « fo Mufcoueysand Littuadia haue ftore of thefe beafts and sabels. But they of Littwania,are
the whiteft in the world.
The people of surmajia in Europe, weare garments ofthefe in fables ; and the inhabi-
tants of Scithia, Hungaria neate Tanayors do pay yearly vato the Emperor of Rafhia,once
called the Duke of Méu/couia,a certaié number of sabe/sjand Martins skins. There are al-
^to Ío ftore of Martinspearé Bragan/4,and generally in 4ll parts of Europ except in England.
They arein quaütityaboutthe bignes of a Carjhatiing longer bodies but (horcer legges,
with heads and tailes like a Fox, their skins ordinarily broune,white on the throat,& more their quanti-
yellow on the back. Their teech are exceeding white; and vnequall, one longer then ano- ty nd tewal
ther, beingaboue meafüre (harp, andthe canine teeth both aboue and bencath bang out ida
vety lofig." Amongft which onthe neatber chap; ftand fixe fmall cutting teethín a right
line ouer againftoneanother, whichdthinke‘happeneth not inany other beaft ofthe
world. The grindingté&thare like a faw, being triangular in fafbion; eight aboue, & eight
beneath.’ Whereofthefurthermoft vppon the vppermoft fide ofthe mouth are more
deepe, and inward in the pallat, thenall the refidue;the whole number is thirty two.
3o . Ihelonghairesvpon their vpperlip do bead cleane backwards. Notwithítanding that
therebe two kindes of this beaftas already we haue faide, yet do the V ood;Martins; or
beach-Martins, greatly defire copulation with the other ,wherefore Albertus faith mifcen-
turinter fe hac genera, c Martes thagi, fere fequitur Martem abietumytauquam nobiliorem, ‘ix copula
vi fietum ex ea nobiltorem acquirat. The beech-Martin followeth the firreMartin,and de- ^^^.
fireth her copulation as the noblerkínde ; that he may thereby dignifie his owne yflue.
‘Ir fhould feeme that they breede in March, and make their neftes, like the draies of {quir-
rels,and bring forch many ata time ; For it was conftantly affirmed, by acountry man of
Germnany,that hefounda neft of thefe Martins buildedlikea Squirrelles , hauing foure
‘young ones in it, inthe beginning of Aprill. PT ER TATE |
Ifthey be taker when they be young, both oneand other ‘kind grow wonderfull tame the tam ingof
atid familiar with menand dogs. And Ge/zer had one of thefe, which loued alittle Dog Martins
wonderfully, and would follow him abroad whether foeuer he went, far or neare.It would
alfo play with dogs and men, withtecth and nailes, lying flat vpon the backe like a Cat,and
neuer giue any litle hurt.But lofened fro his chain it would wander abroad into the neigh-
bors houfes, and many times far off, but alwaies returnehome againe. They. which tame
them becaufe that they are eafily exafperated, and bite deepely whenthey areangry,doe
breake off the tops of their canine teeth witha paire of pinfons,for the preuenting of that
mifchiefe. Ruellius affirmeth that the excrement of this beaft fmelleth likea musk-cat,and
faith thereafon of itis, becaufe they feede vpon {weete fruits; but we haue beardthat they
eate pullin birds,eags, and mice, but that they eate of fruits it cannot be proued. rather
4° attribute it vnto their owne nature. For as the Martin ape fmelleth fweetly after hir meat,
fo may this Martin-weafel render a {weet excrement, to conclud,the skins of thefe beafts
is applyed to gouty legs, and the white haires of the throat made into a cap, is very fuffe-
rant for the headache. They may be taken with dogs, or in traps,but commonly they are
taken in ditches or pitfals,acording to this verfe of Calentius,wherwithall I will conclude.
Et laqueo vulpes, e decipe,ca(fe.foinas. :
Olaus Maze.
—
Io. Bohemus
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ai aon
mE
as
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ung |
3 d T Kew Do vtterly diffent from allthemthat holde opinion that the
& 1h ida Wf MN Mole or Wantis of thekinde of Myfe, for that all of themin |
Jogo nm 4 | generall,both oneand other haue two longe crookedfore- |
TAE |
IE i t iif i "The feuerali,
THES names.
TELA
a A
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39
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d
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49
bi liansat this day calla Moufe. TheFrench callit Taupe, the Germaines Mulwerf, and in
LN | Saxon Molwurffe, from whence is deriued the Englifh Mole and Molewarpe. The Helueti-
cians Schar and Schermoufe,andthe Molehil they cal Scharufen of digging. The Hollanders oo
andthe Flemmings call it Mo/ and Molmu/f,in imitation of the German worde : the Illyri-
ans Krtize . And generally the name is taken from digging and turning vp the earth with
her nofe& backe, according to the faying of Fzrei// : |
Aut oculis capti fodere cubilia Talpa.
e NR e D
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a
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39
40
9
Of the Mole.
Someare of opinion, thatitis called Talpa,bycaufe it is appointed to an euerla fting datk-
nefle in the earth; of wh ich fort J//derus writeth thus : Talpa dicía efl eo quód perpetua caci-
tate tenebris damnata efl enim abd, oculis. T
Itiscalledalfo in Greeke Indouros, and Siphseus, of siphnonthe earth, becaufe itliueth
in the eartb, and turneth it vpward to make it hollow for paffage; Thelike I might fay of
his othernames, Jx/iecha, and Orzbepenticos, but this (hall füfficefor his name:
In Boeotia about the' Champaignes called orebomenius ager, there arethe ereateft ftore
of Moles in the world, for by digging they vnder-myneallthe fieldes, and yet in zebadia
another country of Bocotia, there are none at all, and if they bebrought thither from any
other place they wil neuer dig but díe.Rodolphus;Oppianus and Albertus athime,thac they
are created ofthemfelues of wet earth and raine water, for when the earth beginneth to
putrifie the Mole beginneth to take hfe. a i
They are all for the moft part ofa blacke dusky colour, with rough, fhort;and fmoth
foft haire as wooll, and thofe haires which were whiteft when they are young, are moft
gliftering and perfe& blacke when they are old: and Ge/ner affirmeth; that heefaw in the.
endof O&ober,a Moletaken, which was very white, mixed with alittle red; and the red
was moft ofall vpon herbelly, betwixt her forelegs andthenecke; and thati¢could not
bea young one,bycaufe it was twopalmesin length betwixt his head and taile: : |
Thefebeafts areall blind and want cies, and therefore came the prouerbe Tapa cecior
Tuphloteres a[palucos ,blinder then a Mole: to fignifie, a man witkout all iudgment, witjor'
fore-fight: for it is moft elegantly applyed to the minde. Yet ifany man locke earneftly
vpon the places where the eies (hould grow, he fhall perceiue a little paffage, by drawing
vpthe membrane or little skinne which is black, and therefore (Avifforle faith) of them in
this manner probably. | |
Allkinds of Moles want their fight, becaufe they haue not their eies openatd naked as
other beafts , butif a man pullvp the skinne of their browes about theplace of their eies;
which is thicke and (hawdoweth their fight, he fhal perceiue in them inward couered
cies; forthey haue the blacke circlejand theapple, which is contained therein, andano-
ther part of the white circle or skinne, butnot apparantly eminent; neither indeede can
they, becaufe nature at thetime of generation is hindered, for from the braines there be-’
long to the eies two ftrongeneruy paffages, which are ended at the vpper teeth, and
therefore their nature being hindered, itleaueth an imperfe& worke of fight behinde
her. |
Yet there is in this Beaft a plaine and bald place of the skin where the cies (hould ftand,
having outwardly alittle blacke foot like a Millet or Poppey-fécde, fattened toa Nerue
inwardly, by preffing it,there followeth a blacke humor or moyftneffe, andby diffe&ion
of a Mole great with young, it is apparant (as hath beene prooued ) that the young ones
before birth haue eies, but afterbirth,liuing continually in the darke earth withoutlight,
they ceafe to grow to any perfection ; for indeede they needethem not, becaufebein
out of the earththey cannot lineaboueanhoure or two. £E/ope hath a pretty fable of the
Affe, Ape,and Mole, each once complaining of others natural wants : the Affe, thar he
hadno Hornes, and was therefore vnarmed : the Ape, that he had no taile like other
beaftes of his ftatureand quantity , and therefore was vnhandfome; to both which the
Mole makethaunfwer, thatthey may well be filent, for that fhe wanteth eies, and fo infi-
nuateth,that they which complaine fhall find by confideration and comparifion of their
owne wantes to others, that they are happy and want nothing that were profitable for
them. i
Oppianus faith, thatthere was one Phinevs which was firft depriued of his eie-fight, and
afterward turned into a Mole: It (hould feeme he was condemned firft to loofe his eies,
andafterward his life. | iat
Thefe Moles haue ne eares,and yet they heare in the earth more nimbly and perfeatly
then men canaboue the fame, for at euery ftep or {mall noife and almoft breathing, they
are terrified and run away,& therfore(Pliny faith) thatthey vnderftandal {peacties fpoken
of théfelues,& they hear much better vnder the earth then being aboue & out ofthe earth
and
T7
Countries of
Moles
Ariftotle.
Aehants.
Pliny.
Genetation
ef Moles
Blindneffe of
Moles,
Albertus
Their feural
parts & mem
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The Hiflorie of Fowre-footed Beafts.
And for this caufe they dig about their lodging long paflages which bringeth noifesand
voices tothem, being {poken neuerfolow and toftly, like as the voice of a man cartiedin
a trunke reed, or hollow thing. at |
Their fnowt is not likea VVeafils (as:Swidas faith) but rather like a (hrewe-monufes, or
(fit be lawfullto compare fall with gréat)'liketo a Hogges- Their teeth are like afbrews
anda Dogges, like a íbrewesin the neather teeth and furthermoftinner teeth, which are
fharpepoiutedandloweinwardlysandlikea dogges, becaufe they arelong at the fides,
althoughonely vponthe vpper-iaw,and therefore they are woorthily called by the-Grae-
«s. cians Marestatous s that is, daungcrous:biting-teeth, for as in fwine tbe vnderteeth ftand
out abouethe vpper;and in Elephants and Moldes;the vpper hang auer t
which caufe they are called Ayperpherets.
The tong is no greater then the{pace or hol
he neather, for
lowein the. neather chap; and they hatieina
~ Inanner as little voiceas fight, and yet Imarueile how the prouerbecame of Loqwax Tal-
pay a. pratling mould, inapopular reproach again ft woordy and talkatiue perfonsywhich
Ammianus faith, was firft of all apply ed to'one Inlianns Gapella, after hee had fo: béhaued
himfelfe,that he had loftthe good opinion of all men.
ftanding equallwith the forlegges.
Theneckefeemeth tobee nothing,itis fo (hort,
The lights arenothing elfe but diftinguifled and feperated Fibresjand hang nottogither
' vponany.commonroot or begianingsand they are placed or feated with the hart;which
^" they enclofe, muchlower toward chebellythen inany other beaft:Their gal is yellowifh,
their feet lile a beares,and fhort legges,whereforethey moue and rune but flowly : their
fingers ortoes wherewithall they digge the earth, are armed with fharp nailes,and when
the feeleth any harme vpon her backé, prefently (he turneth vpwardeand defendeth her
Cada, {elfe with herfnowtandfeet : with herfeete fhe diggeth, and with her nofe cafteth awaye
the earth, and therefore fuch earthis called in Germany zl werff,and in England Mole-
hill: and (heloueth the fieldes, efpecially meddowes and Gardens, where the groundis
foft, for itisadmirable with what celerity (he cafteth vp the earch.
the places of u
theirabede —.,
_ They haue fiuc toes with clawesvpon each forefoot, and foure vpon each foote bee-
hind, according to A/bertus, but by diligent infpection you fhall find fiue behind alfo,for
there is one very little and recurued backward,whicha man lightly and. negligently loo:
king vpon, would take to be nothing. The palme ofthe forefeetis broad like a máns hand;
and hath a hollow in itifitbe put togither likea fit, and the toes of fingers with the nailes
are greater thenany other beaft of that quantity. Andto the end that he might be wel ar-
med to digge,the forepart of her forelegges confift oftwo folide and found bones which _
are faftned to her fhoulders,and herclawes fpread abroad, not bending downewarde, and
this is peculiar to this beaft not competibleto any other, but in her hinder legges boeth
beforeand behind they are likea Moufes, except in the part beneath the knee,whichcon-
fiftech but of one bone whichis alfo forked and twifted. The taile is (hort and hairy : And
us much for the anatomy and feuerall parts.
They liueas we haue faide in the earth, and ther
turewhich hath blood and breath that liveth fo long togithervnder the eatth,aad thar the
earth doth not hinder their exfpiration and infoiration 5 for which caufe they-keepe it hol-
low aboue them, that at no time they may wane breath, although they doenot heauein
twoor three daies ; butI rather beleeue when they heaue, they doeit more. for meate:
then for breath, for by digging and remoouing the earth they take Vormes;and hunt
after victuals. | N | : 2092
When the wormes arefollowed by Molds, (forby digging andheauing, they fore-
know their owne perdition) they flieto the fuperficies and very coppe of the earth, the fil-
ly beaftkaowing thatthe Molde their aduecfary, dare not followe them into the light, fo
that their witin flying their enemy is greater,then in turning againe when they aretroade
vpon. They louealfo to eat Toadsand Frogges (for Albertus faith) he faw a'great' Toade
whofe legge a Mole helde faftin the earth,and that the Toade madean exceeding great
noife, crying out for hirlife, during the time thatthe Molde did bite hir. And therefore
Toads and frogs do eat dead Moles. They eat alfo the root of herbs and plants for which
caufe they are called by Oppianus,poiephagi Herbinore,berbe-caters:
In
20
30
fore Car dan faith, thatthereis noicrea- 49
$9
]
|
|
ut: OfthectNTole. os 50I
«Inthe month of Iuly they come abroad oit: ofthe earth, Ithinketo feeke meate at that Enemies to
time when wormes be fcanty. They are hunted by VVeafels and wilde Cats, for they will ^
followthém into their holes and take them, but the Cats do not eate them ; whereas wee
bauefaid alreadye;thatthey haue an vnderftanding of mens fpeechi when they hearethem
talkeofthem.i i> 30)’ 2: ol bog odmalsd3 oldu Vnderftand-
* Emayaddethereuntoa ftory of their vnderftanding ; thus related by Gillizzin his own. ing of Moles
expetienceand knowledge When Thad (faith he) put downe:intothe earth an earthen
pot made ofpurpofe witha narrow mouth to take Molessiz fortunedthat within (horte
{pace asa blind Mole came along fheefellirito ivand could not get forth againe, butlay
ro thereinwhyning; one ofher fellowes which followed her feeing his matetaken, heaued
vpthe earth aboue the pot, 8¢with her nofe caít in fo much,til (be had raifed vp hercom*
panion tothe brim and was ready to come forth: by.which in that blind creature confi-
ned to darknefle, doth not oncly appeare a wonderfull. worke of almighty God, thaten-
doweththem with skiilto defend, and wifely to prouide for their. owne fafety; but alfo
planted inthem fucha naturall and mutuall loue oneto another, whichis fo muchthe
more admirable,confidering their beginning or creation as we haue fhewed already.
Becaufe by their continuall heauing arid laboring for neate; they. doe much harme to
Gardens and other places oftheir aboad; and therefote in the hiisband-mans and houfe- Taking of
wifes common-wealth it is an acceptablelabor to take and deftroy them. For which caufé Moles
20 itisgoodto obferue their paflages, and marke the times oftheir, comming to labor jwhich
being:perceiued they are eafily curried out of the earth with a fpade, and this was the firft-
and moft common way. "dcc wi GOMES vos,
© Some haue placed a boord full of pikes which they fatten vppon' a fmall ftickeinthe
molc-hilor paflage,and when the mole commeth to heauevp the earth, by touching the
fticke fhe bringeth down the pikes and fharp nailed board vpon: her owne body and back.
Other take a W yar or yron;and make it to hauea very fharp point,which being faftened
to a ftaffe and put into the earth wherethe Moles paflage is, they bend aiid fofet vp that
when the Mole commeth along, the pike runneth into her and killeth her.
The Gracians (faith Palladins) did deftroy and drive away their Moles by this inuen-
3o tion, they tookea great Nut, orany otherkind of fruit ofthat quantity, receipte, andfo-
lidity, wherein they included chaffe, Brim ftone, and Wax, then did they ftop al the brea-
thing places ofthe Moles, except oneatthe mouth, wherein they ferthis deuifeon fire,
foasthe fmoke was driuen inwarde ; wherewithall they filled the hole and the place of
their walkes, and fo ftopping it;the Moles were either killed of driuen away. - a
Alfo Paxansus (heweth another meanesto driuc away and: take Molles: If youtake
white Hellebor, and the rindes of wilde Mercury inftead of Hemlocke,and dry them and
beatethem to.poulderjafterward fifte them and mixe them with: meale: and with Milke Paramus.
beaten with the white ofan Egge,and{o make it intolittle morfels or bals, andlay them
inthe Mole-hole and paffages, it wil] kill them ifthey eate thdreof, as they will certainely
doc. - : e
4? Many vfetokill both Moles and Emmets with the froath of new Oyle, Andto conclude,
by fettingan earthen pot intheearth and Brimftone burning therein , it willcertainely
driue them for euer from that place. Vnto which I may adde a füperflitious conceite of
an obfcure Author,who writeth,that if you whet a mowing fythin a fielde or mieddowvp-
onthe feaft day of Chrifts natiuity (commonly called Chriftmas day) allthe molles that
are withinthe hearing thereof, will certainly for euer forfake that fielde,meddow or Gar-
den. $01: 3 ! |
With the skinnes of moles are-purfes made, for the rough and fofthaire,andalfo ,;.. mM
blackeruffet colour isverydele@able. Pliny hath a ftránge faying, which is this 5 Epelli~ {cueral parts,
bus tajparum cubicularia vidimus firagula ; aded ne veligio quidem a portentis [ummouet de-
5€ Jicias, that is,we haue feene the hanginges of chambers made of mole skinnes, fo thatno
confcience ofreligioncannot auert the monftrousloue of delights from the afe&ation of
men.
For all the auncient Wife-men and magicians did hold, that this beaft was capeable
of
pc
Rr EE
ann eile taste ta caue estie Ses nw
IET enmt tar m iT se
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$01
Alex.ab alex
Pliny
Arnoldus
Furnerius
Rufsiase
The Hiftorie of: Foure-footed Beajts.
credunt extis s nullum Religioniscapacius indicant animal, vt fiquis
D» £1 D qs
ofReligiou, Nudis ey,
deuorarit: dininationis C? reritefficiendarum euentus promittat hey
cor eius recens palpitan/ 4,
vive not fo muchcredit to any intrals-as to theirs, for they iudge that.no beaft is focapa-
ble of Religion, becaufeif aman eat the heartof a Mole newly taken out of her bellyand
panting, he (hall be able to deuine andfortell infalliable euents. Another faith, Vereribus
monumenti traditur Gallinaceorum fibres maxim dijs gratas uideri x freut Talparum viftera
Magi oeriffima dieit; illifif, baud fecus quam folenni victima litari, basenim [unt exta argu-
tiSimasin quibus diuina mensineffe creditur :that is. The Fibres of Cockes were woont a-
5 :
mong auncient monuments to beac counted moft acceptable to the Goddes, euen as the to
bowels of Moles (as thewife men fay) and to offer thefeas a moft folemn facrifice: grate- ..
fulltothe Goddes, and thatin thofe intrals ítwas beleeued that the:minde and pleafure of
God was feated and engrauensanda litleafter he faiththatthe bowels of Moles and frogs
do fortell many great and fortunate events. job galt
© Bütl willleauethis paganifme, ander it neuer enter into the hart ofa reafonable man
that füch beafts can loue religion, orthat God hath planted intheir bowels and corrupt
parts, fuch letters of his wifedome and fore-knowledge which he hath notgranted to the
immortall and incorruptiblefoule of man. Onely this Ifind by experiencey that before
;,. any raineand change of weather, thefe filly beafts heaue vp the earth more -aboundant
ly thenatother times, and thatin The/faly (as Varro faith) a whole Towne wasonce vnder-
mined by Moles. They were wont to facrifice this bea(tto Neptune, becaufe of the affini- 29
ty betwixt their names, for in Greeke Afphaloos fignifiech Neptune,and Afphalax a mole.
“Alunnus alfo writeth that they were facred and dedicated to hell, becaufe they kept:con-
tidually vvithin the bofomeand bowels of the earth, and to conclude,becaufe that moles
would not liuein Coronea'a part of Boeotia before fpoken of, and thereof came the .com-
mon prouerbe A/phalaca eis Coreneanya mole is brought to Coronea,to fignifie the hatred
ofagift or gheftto bimthat is forced to receiue him; Thus much for his natural aad mo-
rall (tory, now followeth his medicinal. :
The medicines of tbe Mole.
+)
Thereisnothing whichis more profitable or medicinable for the curing of the bites
ofa threw, then amole being fleadand clapped thereunto- The fame dothalfo very effe-
Qually cure and heale the blowesorbitings of a Scorpion. Pilles being made with that
which proceedeth ftom moles and with Hony, catea nine daies together, doth preferue
the body of any one from {wellings or bunches inthe flefh who (hall fo eatthem. For the
auoiding or driving away the haires which growe in 4ny part of mans bodie, that they
may neuer retutne or be renewed againe : takea moleand laie her in water to be fteeped
or foaked, fo longas (he (habnot haue any haires left vppon her; with this waterannoint
39
the place which is fullofhairs,and afterwards wath it with lye made ofafhes,and then rub. 49:
itwith alinnen cloath then if you fhall fee the haires to returne againe, wafhittwice or
thrice in the aforefaid manner,and they wilbe quite expelled away;and by no meanes can
be madeeyther to renew or come againe.For the renewing,and bringing againe of thofe
haires whichare fallen or decayed, take amoleandburne her whole inthe skin; and min-
elethe duft or pouder which commeth from thefame with hony vnto the thickeneffe or
£fhionofah ointment, and this being rubbed or annointed vponthe bare or bald place
- Will without dout in fome fhort time or fpace procure the haire to growthick.For the re-
newing of haires which fall from horfes. Take a mole and boile her in Oyle, vntill all the
fle(h beconfümed and quite diffolued into a liquid inice,with thisoyle armoint the place
which is bare or deftitute of haires twice euery day forfome fhort fpace, and it will make
the haires to grow in great abundance.
For the changing of the haires of horfes fom blacke to white, takea mole andboile .
her in falc Water, or lye made of afhes three dayes together, and when the Water orlye
fhall be quite confurned, put new water or lie thereunto: thisbeing done, wafh or bathe
the place with the water or ly efomewhat hor ; prefently the black baires will fall and flide
away,
$e
1o
20
Of tbe Moufe. | 503
away, and infome fhorttimethere will come white. Whofoeuer fhall take a moleand
hold her in his right hand vntill fhe die, fhalbbaue fuch an excellent vertue therein, that
fhe thal eafe the paine ofa womans breafts onely by teuching them.
The duft ofa mole being brent, mingled with the white of an Egge, and anointed vp»
ona fncepc5isan excellent and medicinableremedy againft the Leprie which commeth
oftentimes vpon them. The duft ofa mole mixed with oyle orhony, andannointedvpon |.
theskiri of either man or woman which isfulof Lepry, wil verie fpeedily and effectually Pliny.
cureand heale the fame. Thefame being vfed in the aforefaide manner, is very good for
the curing ofthofe which are troubled with the. difeafe called the Kinges euill, as alfo for
thofe which hauehard bunches owkernelsarifing in their Arme-holes,andin other parts 57
of their-body. ^-^ . : ros Marcella
The whole body ofa mole being taken and burned in tHe skin into drye duft, or pou-
per, isan excellent remedy againftthe difcafe called the Fiftula, as alfo for the purging of
the corruption ia them and healing of them, being once taking by any man. The fame
being alfo mixed with hony;and rubd vpon theteeth of anyone who hath painein them
doth nor onely eafethepaine and grecfe thereof;butalfo doth ftrengthenand make ther
faft. The blood ofa mole being killed {pred orannointed vpontliehead of any one which Pincentins E
is bald; wil very fpeedily renew-and bring the haires againe. The head ofamole being cut
offand beaten together with the earth whichis ftirred vp by moles, and wrought intoa
paaft; and rowle dtogither fikea little loafe, isvery much vied for the healing of al. fwel-
lings, and for thofe things which they cal impoftumes, as.alfo for al fwellings or kernels Sextus
which arife in the necke, fo that in thetimeofthe curing ofthefe things,the party which
is pained and greeued, benorfuffered to eatany {wines fleth.:
""Thetooth ofa living mole'taken outand tyed or bound totheteethofany who is gri-
ved therein, is commended by the Magi or wife-mento bean excellent remedy and cure Oédjcurus
forthe fame, The hart of a mole being eaten nine dayes together, doth very fpeedily and
'effe&ually cure either him or her which {hal fo eat it, of that peftiterous difeafe cald the
Kings evil, ifit be fotharit hath notbene oftoo long continuancewith them. The fame
39
isalíovery good and profitable for the affwaging of Wens, being vfed in theaforefaide ja m
mariner.’ "Theliaer ofa mole being beaten betweene the handes ofhim thatis troubled Misi
with bunches or fwellings in his back, and afterwards put vpon the fame, is a prefent help
and cire: The (ümeeffe& hath the right footofa mole for the affwaging of bunches and
fwellings arifinginthefefh.-- 90 700 mie | "i
2. Ofthe vulgar little £M oufe.
S we haue handled the natures, and deliuered the figures of
the great Beafts,fo alfo muft we not difdaine ina perfc& Hy«
ftory to touch the fmalleft :For Almighty God which hath «=»
made themal, hath diffeminated in euery kind both of great
Thelittle moufe therefore isiuftly tearmed smcola donus no. ? M9"
fera,an inhabitant in our own houfes,E¢ refor omnium rerum,
andaknawer ofalthings. Andtherefore from the founde of
her teeth which fhe maketh in gnawing, fheeis called serex.
| Although we fhal thew you afterwards, that Sorex isa fpeci-
albkinde, and not thename ofthe general. Wherefore feeing therebe many kindes»of
Mife, and euery one of them defireth a particular tra&tate, I thought good to begin with The feueral
the vulgat little moufe, and foto difcend to the feuerall fpecies and kindes ofall, accor- names.
, ding tothe method ofthe Phylofopher, A potioribus minus ad nota, from things that are
mot knownetotheim that ateleffe knowne:In Hzbrew it is called Achar, Leuit.xi. where
the Septmagintes tranflate it sf, the Chaldee Achera,the Arabians Fer, or Phar, from
whence commeth the Sarafan word Fars.The Perfians An Mus the Latins mus the Ztalzans
Topo,or Sericey Alforgio, O Rate; Di-Cafa although Rate fignifietha Rat, both ga
y! er-
emet rice ca c Up as aal OR tinis PC aun ute
and final beats, feeds ofhis wifedome, maicfty, and glory. Definition of
Dou roseo FEE Oe EE ndm me lat altum = =
acce RES DEO LINN ce T
II se DE s on
RÀ emet
à e dte
RONUN ae NE we pnto ee
———
sape
*
504. The Hiftory of Fonrefooted Beafts.
Gernhans, French, and Englifh. The Spaniards call the little Monfe, Ratt; and the great
Rat Ratz, the French the little Moufe Soxris, which word feemes to be derived from the
Latine Sorex,and the great moufe they call Ratt. The Germaines the great ones Ratz,
and thelittle one Mw//,the Illyrians , and Pollonians, My//, which isthe Greek word,and
the great one they cal Sczwrez, the Venetianscal the Rat Pantegana, of Pontis, the vulgat
. . gteekename,and the Romans Senece.
Re nemini “ Nowthe dignity of this little beaft, may appeare by thename, which hath {pred irfelfe
creatures tró both to beatts, fithes,men, hearbs and Citties. To beafts as we haue fhewed before inthe
theMoule. —yepnewmonywhichis vulgarly called the Indian-moufe, or Pharoes-moufe. And to fifhes,
forthereis a little fifhe called Mafewlus, andin Greeke My/focetos, the Whale-moufe,
~~ becaufe it leadeth the way, and fheweth the Whale whether foeuer fhee {wimmeth, for
the auoiding of rockes, (accOrding to P/zy) although Rondoletivs affirmeth otherwife,
namely, that chat guide of the Whale is called Egewmon, and Egetur, and Myffecetws (hee
faith) isa fhell&(h. \ Generally moft kind of Oyfters are alfo called My/f, becaufe fome-
times they gapeand makea noilelike am oufe, and clofetheir fhels againe. The purple
Fifhesbealfo called Mff; there is likewife akind of pretious ftone called. Mya, about Ba/-
1 ^s phorasyThraftus, and many füch other digaities, hath the name ofthis beaft attained.
Panlinies, > "Eherewasone dys, theferuaunt of that famous Phylofopher Epicurus, likewife che
name ofa champion or chalenger, is Suidas and Varinws, andthere was another called
Mus, of excellent skill; foringrauing in Siluer, and therefore did draw vpon the fhield of
Minerua,the fight betwixt the Lapitha,and the Centaurs, and many other things. VVhere-
uponmartiall made this verfe : Hj |
| nis labor in Phyala ? decfi myos ? anne myronis. |
There was a Confill of Rome whofe name was Mas, aud therefore Camerarius made this
riddle ofthe moufe 5 Parma mibi domaus eft, fed iamua femper aperta, accidue [umptusfurtina
vino fagina,qued mibinomenin efl Rama quod, Conf ul habebat. The Thrafians gid Argilusa
moufe, and thecitty which he builded Argelws. Myes was a citty of Jonia,anda cittizen of
that citty was called Myetius. Myona citty of Leeri in Epirus, and the people thereof are
called Myones. Myone/us a little regionbetwixt Teen and Lebedon,and acording to Stepha-
' usa Mland neare Epbefussthe firlt portor hauenof Egypt opening to the red fea,iscal- 36 |
led Muos armos the ntoufes hauen, and 4/7 alfo feemeth to be derived from their ftem,
There isan Ifland vndet the Equinoéfiall line, called Jnfula murium, the moufe- lande,
becaufe ofthe abundance of mycetherein :and to conclude, euenthe hearbs and plants
of the earth, haue receiued names from this litle beaft,as Hordengs Murinum, Myacantha,
Sperrage,Myopteton, Mynoos,Myartecon Mou/e-care, Mox/e-foot,and fuch like. There haue
bin alfo commedies made of My//,as that of Car/inus, called Myes, wherein the VVeafill
firangleth the night-wandring Mff. And another Greeke comedy called Galeomyowsa-
chia, that is a fight betwixt cats aud myce, wherein the poet doeth moft pleafantly faine
names of myce,as their king he calleth Crei/us,that isa flefh-eater, and his eldeftfonne
'Theuettós »
19
20
|
|
|
Fidionslear p/fearpax,acorne-eatet 5 and his fecond fonne Psitodarpes Bread-eater, and hiseldefte 49 |
idea daughter, Lycnogluphe, candle-eater, andall his aunceftors Carpedaptat, that is Fruit-ea-
nans o£ Mife ters. Aud then he bringeth other myce in, as Turolicos, Pficolices, Cholecoclophes. Homer
in his Batracomiomachia, thatis, a fight betwixt Frogs and mice, doeth very elegantly de-
{cribe diuers proper names of mice. As Piscarpax, whofe father was Twoxartes, and his
mother Lychomile, daughter of Plernotroctathe king, and then other mice,asLychopinaxy —
Terogliphus, Embafébitrus Lychenor ,Troglodites yArtophagus , Ptermogliphus, Ptermophaeus
Cnissodiottes, Sidophogus, Artepibulus, Meridarpax , and Ti halaeotrox all which are not on-
lyoutofthe aboundance ofthe Authors wit; but inuented for the expreffing ofthe mou-
fes nature. |
Thecelow "TheEpithets ofmyceare thes;fhort, finall,fearful,peaceable,ridiculous,ruftik,or coun-
efMic. — try moufe,vrbane, or citty moufe, greedy, wary, vnhappy; harmefull, blacke, obfcene,
little, whiner, biter,and earthly moufe. Andthe Greeke onesareexpreffed before in the
proper names, and thus much may fuffice for the names ofmice. Now to cometo theyr
{euerall nature and fignifications. Firft ofall concerning their colour. Iris. divers, foral-
. though Celer murinus bea common tearme for a moufe colour of Affes,y et notwithftan-
ding
so
ad nat BP as
| Of the Monfe. Vo Side
Scaliger.
eA lbertus.
10
1 é ^ ; : se d : The quattis
ding Micearefometimes blacki(h,fometimes white,fometims yellow,fometimes broune ty And (ede
andíometimes afhe colour. "Thereare White Mice amonge the people of Savoy, and ‘ally pais of
Daulphin in France called Alobyoges which the inhabitants of the country do beleeuthat ME i
they feede vpon fnow. Butthe white Moufe is aboue all other moft laciuious and leache- ;
| rous,andthercfore it came intoaprouerbe, My// Leutos, Myf Casas, the white Moufe is
an ill Moufe, of whofe luft Alciatus made this emblem; tst
20 © Delittas c mollitiem, Mus ereditur albus, Arifotle,
Arguere, at vatio non fat aperta mili eff. (itera.
An quod ei natura falax, e$ multa libido eff ? o
Orat vomanas,an quiapellin urus 2.
; Sarmaticum, Murem vocitant plerió, zibellum. if
Ofall which conic&ures of the Poets; thefirftis moft probable, forthe auncientes were -
wonttocall wanton, and effeminate men Pygargep,and Lencopengoy,from their beauty and
whiteneffe. Andas thereisa difference in their colours,fo alfo there is intheir quantity;
Forfomeare very great,fome meanly great, andfomie very final. Their hart is very great;
| andtheirliuer andlights encreafe inthe winter time. Alfo the fibres thatare in them, doe
| 3o increafeand decreafe with the waxing and wayning of theMoone. For euery day of the
| Moonesage, thereisa fibre increafed in theirliuer. And therefore Zucilins {aid well, Lus
| — maaletefirea, Cr implet ecbines, Muribus fibras. "Y hat isto fay. The Moone feedeth Oy flers,
|! filleth Hedghogs,and encreafeth fibres in Mice. Some of thefe Mice hauea gal,andfome
| hauenone,as 4vi/fotle and Pliny (hew in many places.
| The Moufes place of conception haue many holes in it, during thetime fhe beareh hir
| young ones. There is no creature that heareth more perfe&ly then a Moufe, they dwell
|! inhoufesofmen,efpecially neare fupping and dyning roomes;kitchins or larders,where
| any meatis ftirring .. And they make themfélues places ofaboade by gnawing with their o,
|. teeth, ifthey finde riotcouenientlodginges prepared to their hand, andtheyloucthe — ' -
B ss hollow places of wals, or the roofes of houfes and therefore the Wafpes which in 24r/ffo-. Sehanut,
M ^ phanes are called Drophe,thatis gnawers of roofes, areto bevnderftood to bee Mice, be-
caule My/] Drephiaisa Moufe in the houfe top. Inthe day time they lye fill, fo long as
they either fee or hearea man, or any: other beaft harmeful vnto them, for they difcerne
|! their enemies, not fearingan Oxe, though they runaway froma Cat. ———
| — Theyarevery defirous of bread, and delight inall thofe meats which are made of fruit,
_ forthenourifhmentofmen. It isa creature very diligent & exquifite, both to com»affe,
| feckeoutand chufethe fame, fo that therefore it doth oftenendangerandleofe his owne ' T.
| life:andfindingany cubbards,wood, orfüch like hard matter,to withítand his purpofe, ea
and hinder his paffage, it ceafethnotto weary it felfe with gnawing, vntill itobtaine the a | |
|" purpofe. All kinds of Mice loue grain and corne; and prefer the hard before the foft, they 035 2
| «o loue alfo cheefe, and ifthey come to many cheefes together they taft all, butthey eate of TIE Dti j
|^ thebeft. AndthereforetheEgyptians in their Hyrogliphicks do piéturea moufetofignife .— | UM
afound iudgement and good choice. Backmaftis very acceptable to Mice, andtheMice, — ) LM
inthe Ile parus, in Teredos, intheLand Giares, whichis oneofthe Handsoftliesporadiin — ^ a a
Cyprus and in Calcis they did cat yron,as appa by Ariflotle, Aelianus ,àad ees | d bor |
pop aa "^ An Mu
Aller Hs 9»
ier Te
506 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
^ Andit was alfo found, that in a certain Iland neare Calybes, Mice eate and deuoure gold,
- andtherefore the Gold-finiths did cut them in piecesamongtheit mettles. P/utarch, in
thelife of Marcellus faich, that chere were many prodigies and fearful fignes that did pro-
ceede the war of Marius, amongft other. hefaith that mice did eatethe Gold hanging in
the temple, and that one ofthe temple keepers ina certaine trap tookeafemalemoufea- — |
| liue, who littered fiue little mice in that place, and deuoured three of them. Anthologins
rchearfeth a witty exafticen of Antiphilus,vpon a moufe which wasflit afunderaliue, for — |
certaine gold-duft, which (hee had deuoured, whereby was fignified how men procure |
voto themfelues exquifitetorments, and vnauoidable mortall harmes by ftcaling, and !9 |
Pliny. encreafing of riches fignified by Gold. Vulgar Mice do ruminate or chewthé@cudas well — |
Alberti» asthe Pontix,and they drinke by licking or lapping although their teeth be notfawed. Ic
Mice'eannot iS reported that the mice of Affticke, and efpecially of Libia dieaffooneastheydrinke. — |
drinke with. And the reafon whereof we will fhew afterwards in the taking of mice, when wecometo |
outdanger. difcourfe oftheir poyfons. And fortheprefentit fhouldfeeme theirtemperament,or — |
~~ conftitution is fo moyft that nature can endure no addition. Yet inthe plaines of Arcadia i
there are Myce which drinke ofa certaine fountains without any harme. | |
Theoph The generation or procreation: of Myce, is not onely by copulation, butalfo nature
ophraftus : 2 :
worketh wonderfully in engendering them by earth and {mall (howers, as we will (hew in
ins
29
——
xy SS ee ee
Bi, eS
- v RECTE
oS
SS FEET ee EE ee pe I E
I eS et SUM ido pe ay ec cR RS cU. i er SS eC ee
^ ——— ME Ade oS Se. 21 hs gis. D EGO Ree IO I -
d MR Lu — pers E EE S - —" — pem — es
Ri Generation * ; i
B ruis and the difcourfe of wilde Mice.
] pac But the houfe-Moufe whereof wenow entreat,is engendered by copulation betwixt ?9 2.
ee male and female, and they are in generall moftlibidenous, as may appeare by that faying
71 of Crattinus againft Xenophon Pbere mun ex aithrias Katapupo[unen muos. affrap[o Xenophon-
m tos, goto now, for from the skies I wil ftrikeby lightning the 4/urin wantonnefle of Xeno-
| phon, and the female is much more venerious then the male, as appeareth by that fable
NE. NW “of pisrates. defcribing the rage of a luftfull Woman. Poftremo fubit me, deteftabilis lena
ee deieranssper dianam, per puellam, per per(ephaztana, fe effe vittulam, effe viremem ,effe pullam
"ad indomitams, at illa myonia erat. Then followed me that deteftable band, {wearing by Dia-
| na and Perfephatta that (he was a Heighfar neuer touched, a Virgin neuer tained; anda. '
Colt neuer couered, but the truth is fhe was as good a maydeas a Moufe. Polstianus in-
B ftead of at illa myonia erat hath, at illacauns erat Murinus : chat is, fhe was a Moufes hole, 3°
i te . fignifieng that her virginnity was loft, and that fhe fuffered any loners asa Moufe-hole — |
T doth any Mice. And from hence came that verfeof Martial, defcribing thefpeachofa — 1
louerto his loue, calling him her Moufe and herioy 5 í :
ig
3
| " ,
] jd Nam cum me Murim tu cum mea lumina diets. JUR |
' Albertus. Sothatingenerallall mice, and not onely the white Moufe are mot: defirous of copula- — 3
} Copulation |. > : ; xL rd ; |
hl oni ^^. tion.Andwhen they are in copulation, they embrace with their tailes, filling one another — 4
ni * withoutal delay. By tafting of fale, they are made very fruitefull, andtherefore wAriftotle,
11 NIE and the fouldiors of Alexander the great do report, that mice by licking one another;and 4%
AN by the licking of falt do ingender andconceiue with yong without any other copulation.
Loud | But what reafons they haueto lead themtothat opinion, [know not, befidethat wonder
"i | reported by play and Ariflorle, that ina certaine part of Perfia, a female moufe being flit
i affuncer aliue, all the young females within het belly are allo found pregnant conceiued
with young. | (vien
1 Twomyra- Tris very certaine,that for the timethey go with yong,and forthe numberthey bring
AA procreation forth,they exceed all other beafts, conceiuing euery fourteene or fixteene dates, fo that
Be andmultipli jr hath beene found by good experience,that a female moufe hauing freeliberty to litter,
(v3 "n i :
|| ) NI cation, jnaveffell of millet-feede, within leffe compafferhen halfea year, fhe hath bron ght forth :
Bug one hundred and twenty young ones. fii T i Doug
8 9» They liue very long, ifthey benot preuented of their naturall courfe, and dying natu-
E^ i | olaieranus tally, they peri(h not alat once, butby little; andlittle, firftone member; andthen ano-
E ME Gillis, — «her, (Pliny faith) Ewolueribus, hirundines funt voe d >terreftribus Mures, amonge the
jr 1 j LM * aas ri : Fowles ofthe ayre, the {wallowes are vndocible, and among the creatures ofthe earth a
N a bl o cbe —— moufe yet Albertus writeth, that he faw in vpper Germany ,a moufehold aburning 2)
E PUE | [4
a li li hu l
Wir ik
WS f | "n
' |
: :
Of thexMoife.
dle in her feet, atthe commanndement of her maifterall the time his guefts were at Sup-
pe. - : | | |
Nowthe onely caufe why they growe not tame is, their naturall feare, füch as isin
Conies, Hares, and Deere. For how can any man or beaftlóueor harken vnto him, who”
they are perfwaded lyeth in waight for their life, andfuch isthe pefwafion ofall them that
feare, which perfwafion being onceremoued by continual familiarity there is no caufe in
nature butthat a Moufe may be docibleas well as a Hare or Cony which we haue fhewed
- heretofore incheir ftories.
10
It is alfo very certaine that Mice which live in a houfe, if they perceiue by theagcofit,
it be ready to falldowne or fübie&t to any other ruin, they foreknowit and depart out of
itas may appeare by this notable {tory which happened ina towne called Helice in Greece;
whereinthe inhabitantes committed this abominable a&c again(t their neighbours the
Greckes. For they flew them and facrificed them vpon theiraltars. VVhercupon follo-
wedtheruin ofthe citty, which was premon ftrated by this prodigious event. For 5. daies
before the deftru@ion thereof, allthe Mice, Weafels; and Serpentes; and other reptile
creatures, went out of the fame inthe prefence of the inhabitants ,euery one aflembling
tohis owne rankeand company, where atthe people wondered much, for they coldnot
conceiueany true caufe oftheir departure, and no maruaile For God which had appoin-
tedto take vengance on them for their wickednes,did not giue them fo muchknowledge
nor makethem fo wife as the beaftsto auoid his iudgement, and their owne deftruction 5
and therefore marke what followed. For thefe beafts wereno fooner out of the citry; but
fuddenly inthe night time, camefuchalamentable earth-quakeand ftrong tempeft, that
all che houfes did not onely fall down, and not one of them ftcod vpright, to theflaughter
of men,women,and children, contained in them,but leaftany of them fhould efcape the
ftrokes ofthe timber and houfe tops , God fent alfo fuch a. great floud ofwaters, by rea-
fonofthetempeftuous wind which droue the Waters out of the feavpon tlie Town;that
30
4o
go
Íweptthemalaway,leauing no more behind then naked and bare fignifications of former
buildings. M | | |
- And notonly the citty and Cittizens peri(hed;but alfo there wasten fhips of the Lace-
demoniansin their port all drowned at that inftant. The wifedome of the Moufe apeareth
in the prepararion of her houfe, for confidering fhee hath many enemies, and therefore
many meansto be hunted from place to place, (he commiteth nother felfeto onelodg-
ing alone, butprouideth many holes ; fo that when fhe is hunted in one place fhee may
more afely repofe her felfe inanother. Which thing Plasras expreffeth in thefe wordes.
Sed tamem cogitato, Mus pufrllus , quam [apiens fft beflia, etatem qui-oni cubili nunquam com -
mittit faam : cum vaumobfidetor aliunde perfugium querit,that is to fay jtis go odtocon-
fider the little moufe, how wife abeaft (he is, for fhe will notcommit her life to one lodg-
ing but prouideth many harbors;that being molefted in one place fhe may haue another
refuge to fly vnto. |
Andas their wifedome is admirable in this prouifion, fo alfo is theit.loueto be com-
mended one to another, for falling into a veflell of Water or other deepe thing, out of
whichthey cànnotafcendagaine of themfelues, they help one another,by letting downe
theirtailes, and iftheirtailes beto (hort, thenthey lengthen them byhis meanes,they
takeone anotherstaile in their mouth, and fo hang two of 3. in length vntill the Moufe
which was fallen downe take hold ontheneathermoft; which being performed, they al of
them draw her out. Euen fo Wolues holding one another by their tailes, dofwim ouer
great riuers, andthus hath nature graunted that to them whichis denyed to many men,
namely toloue;andtobe wife both together. But concerning their maners, they are euil,
aptto fteale, incideous,and deceitefull, and men alfo which: are of the fame difpofition
withthefe beafts fearing to do any thing publikely,& yet priiady enterprife many deceits,
ateiuflly reproued in imitation of fuch beafts-For this caufe was it forbidden in godslaw
ynto the Iewes notonly to ear,but to touch mice, & the prophet Efa. cb. 66 faith, Come-
dentes carnem [uilla c] abeminationens,atg, mmrem fireul con{unientur inquit Dominus that is
they which eat fwins fle(h, abomination, & the Mous fhalbe deftroyed together faith the
Lord: wherein the prophetthreatnetha curfe ba the people, that broke the firftlaw of
"ovi aa 2 God
507
Prefages and;
forkaoledge
ct mice.
Achavs,
Their natu-
ral wifdome,
Their natu-
ralleue to
ene another.
Aelia utis.
Their difpo
fitionand
their flefh,
Procopius.
Ariffeas,
eArndldus,
ag EP LEIS
ii
nu
|
hi
ii
ti
n
H am Il
i ino ca
D Mi "
M imas 1 i
13 JT i :
EN. E
o d
| mn
ni MIN E
' inl
do |
cu any
" a MIS t F3
L4 "
1 !
LB d !
te i ü
I.
if Mil.
^e b ORI
i L2
| .
UN i .
DESC, owt
CEU apte - i
cca
"
pasce
IR
=
508 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
God, in eating fleth forbidden, andthe Phyfitians alfo fay, that the eating of the (e(l of
Mice engendereth forgerfulnefle, abomination, and corruption in the ftomacke..
The eating of bread orother meate whichis bitten by Mice doth encreafein men and
hurt by mice Children a certaine difeafe in their face, and in the fle(hyat therootes of the nails of their
to the bodies : ’ à : :
ofmankinde, fingers certaine bard bunches, called by the Venetians Spell; and by the Germans Lejd-
f pyífen, and by the Latins Dentes. Maris : yet itis affirmed, that the llc(h of Mice is good
for Haukes, tobe giuen them euery day ,ot euery each other day together with tbe skin,
forit helpeth their entrals, purgeth fleame, and choller, reftraineth the du&ions ofthe -
Medicineof. belly, driveth out ftonesand grauell, ftayeth the diftillation of the head, tothe eyes, and
omis 4, finall corroborateth the ftomacke . ret we haue hard that in the kingdome of Calechut,
' they doeate Mice and Fifhes roafted in the fin.And itis faid by fome Phyfitians and Ma-
gicians, thatthe flefh is good againft melancholy, andthe paine ofthe teeth, butthe me-
dicinall vertues we referueto his proper place. Pliny affirmeth a ftrange wonder, worthy
Eatingot — tobee remembred and recorded, that when Aanniball befieged Caffelinum, therewasa
Mee, man that fold'a Moufe for two hundred pieces of quoine;fo great was the extremity of
famine, thatthe man whichfoldit dyed for hunger, andasit fhouldfeemethroughthe
want of it, but he which boughritliued by eating therof,the which thing argueth that ne-
cality, hunger, and famin, maketh men for the fafegard of life,to make morereckoning
in extremity of the bafeft creaturs, then in profperity they do ofthe beft. Forthatperfon
which gaue fo much mony fora Moufe,at another time woulde hauefcornedto hauc gi-
IO
20 |
uen fo much for foure Oxen. T |
And onthe other fide the wretchedloue.of gaine, which caufeth a manto endangérhis .— |:
owne life for loue of filuer-But I rather thinke that it was the band of God himfelfetaking
| venganceoffuch a couetous di fpofition which would not fuffer himitoliue,thatlikeMz- — |
i das had gotten fo much gold. - ! AM
i The enemies of Miceare many, not onely men which by fundry artificiall deuifes kill
"Pro de Enemjesof thembecaufeof harme, but alfo beaíts and wilde. foule doe eat their fle(h, and liue vpon
1 Vin i u Mice. them. And firft of all Cats & Weafels, do principally hunt to catch Mice,andhaue bin
ju Ho ac a .— thereforeby the late writers called Murilegi, for their taking of Mice. Andthenatureof — |
Di .. the Weafellisnotonely more enclined to hunt after them,then the cat;but is moreterti- 39 |.
Phin blealfo vnto them, for ifthe braines ofa Weafell, the haire or rennet be fprinkled vppon
7 Cheefe or any other meate whereto Mice refort, they not onely forbeare to cate thereof,
| batalfo to come in that place. :
| They arealfo driven away by the fprinkling of theaíhes of Weafels, and as all noifes
d make them afraid, fo nonefo muchas the skreetching or crying of a weafell for at che hea-
D ring thereof they fall aftonifhed. And befides they aue more opportunityto follow and
q take them then cats, becaufe their bodies are leffer, and their nofes and {nouts longer, and
| therefore they fo!lowthem many times into their holes, and very nimbly pul them forth
il j ' when they thinke they are moft fecure . Foxes alfokill Mice,andinItalythereisablacke —|
BN Snake called Carbonario from his colour refembling coales which Ithinke to be che fame 4$ |
un that the Gretians call Mjagros from his hunting of. Mice:This fnake doth alfo eat and de-
ay . uoure Mice: Haukeseate Mice, and all the night-birds, efpecially the night-crowes and
Owles. How hatefull aMoufeis tothe Elephant, wee haue (hewed already in that ftory,
how in the prefence thereofhe will not touch his meate, nor eate any thing ouer which a
Moufe doth run. Not yet eatein the cratchormanger wherein a Moufe hath bin. Ponzet-
Ua tus affirmeth, that there is great loue betweene Miceand Serpentes, forfometimes they
| ae n I play together: b enh S107 br I ELE
nudos - Theiris à liatred betwixt Bats; Frogs;and Mice;as may appeare by.Anthologins,Mufens,
ACER and others. It is faid alfo that they are hatefüllto Oyfters, whereof I know no reafon;ex-
Wl ceptit be becaufe they loue theirfi(h. Aud. Alciatus hath a pretty embleme,which he en- cg
ce tituleth caprinws ob gulam wherein he fheweth, thata Moufe watchethan Oy fter when he © -
i| gapeth,and feeing it open thruft in his head to eate the fih, affooneas euerthe Oyfter
dl felthis teeth; prefently he clofeth his fhell again, and fo cru(heth the moufes head in pie-
ces, whereby hee difciphereththe condition of thofe men which deflroy themfelues to
ferue their beliesyAnd thusmuch for the loue and enmity betwixt Miceand otherbeafts.
29 | Now
Tout
pe o uw cT
n de A
NEC oae Ere
pa ism Mili am a en Ree roan oe —-—— T
DK Eme. gat L m1
v Li
_-
x e aac
Dem e =
eS e DET
————
"T c
ee EE
P eec —
=
a
Of tbe Moufe. 509
| Now concerning the a&ions ofmen, they hunt Mice tobe rid from their anoyances; be-
caufe they do not onely deftroy the things they eate, and liue vpon other mens coft, and
therefore Para/ites are compared vnto them whom the Germans call Schmorotzer, and |
Tellerlecker, that is fimell-feafts, and lick-fpickets, are comparedto Mice, becaufe they .
lige at other inenstables: But alfo Mice do defile; corrupt, and make vnprofitable what-
foeuer they taft, andtherefore the Egyptians, when they would defcribe corruption, do
i&ure a Moufe 1503 snems sno llpnv c j1 Wy if
_, Fer thefe caufes haue men inuented many deuifes, foars,and gins, the general wherof
is called by the Latines Mu/cipula,and by the Gretians Mspala ; and Méagra, the diuers
| ro and (feuerall formes wheteof I willnotdifdaine to fet down. Eor the wile reader mft con-
fider thatitisas necéffary or rather more neceffary for moft.men to know how to take |
mice, then how to take Elephants. orani "ul. YR
Aüdalthough evety woman, and filly Rat-ketcher can gine ipftru&ion enough therin,
yettheirknowledge cannot excufe my negligence if Iíhould omit the inuentions and
deuifes ofthe auncient, whereby they deliuerdthemfelues from tlie annoiances ofthefe |
- beafts.And therefore firft:ofal to declare the manner of ketching them in places where
corneiskept: Let yourmouftrap bee placed to ketch mice, right againit die door, butlet
themhaueroometo come in andi (hort timeit will fo feare them, that they wil trouble
_ youno more. But if mice breed in the ground vnder creaucfes; except you fillalthe crea- .
20 uifes with mouftraps;you wil neuer ketch them,which theinhabitants of the Iland Pazda-:
: phariearefainetodo..2iai 10. Saito Yoana 12/1025 Yo drs! ihi
""Thereare other kind.of mouftraps which: doketch micealiue :aná otherfome which do rwr.
kil them eitherbeing preffed downe with the waight of it, or flifeld with water, or others.
wilesas with a ftronge.piece of yron being fmal, and hung right againft cbebuiten of the:
&rap,on the which piece of iron they hahg meate; and fo by that meanes the moufe.ts ket+,
ched by puttingher bead through the hole to {natch at the meate, forfíheby flirring the,
~ áron doth lofen the butten,and fo her heade is fnütfaft in the hole. And thereare other,
kind of mouftraps whichare couéredal ouer, into the which the monfe may run, & if you:
| ^. haueputány water thereinthey are prefently ftifeled. Ofal which kind of traps fhall be fe-
| go ucrally traded : And firft ofall of thofe which do ketch micealiuei oo) 9 501i
The commonkind of this mouftrap is made of wood; long and foute cornerwife, and is.
framed of foure boards, but the hinder partis ftrengthned with ftrong wiers of ixon, that:
| fhe may without any. danger looke in to fee what thee may get there, and that the{mell of;
that which fhe findeth ther, may alure hirtocom toit.And the former parthatha hole in.
| thetop, through which there is puta fmall peece of yron, andalfo there is made a trap-
|- doorin form ofa percullis,tothewhich che iron is very flightly hung,that when the; mouf
| ' commeth to ketch át the meat fhe is firddenly taken by falling of the fame sbut the meat
which youfáften to the neather end of this iron hook muftbe fat; or the cruft.of checfe or
| «, bread, which ifitbea little toafted at the fire it wilnot be amiffe that the moufe may fmell
p itfar off. Some do makethefe kind of traps doble,with one dooreatone end; nd another
dooreatanother end. Thefe kind of m ouftraps Pererus Crefcent: doth cal traps belonging
"e houfes ,which fbalbefpoken ot hereafter. pani, aee ps
The other kind of mouftrap is made with iron hookes hung inthe round ‘circle. Inthe
middeft of the which brim is put a great many of the fame wiers which being made fharp
at every end are afterthe formeofthetop ofa creft, or helmet, oras it is made in abow-
netto ketchfiíhes, and vpon the hooke let their be hung meate, by the which meanesthe
moufe comming to the meat, fticketh herfelfe vpon the hookes. The manner of making
effer mouftrapsis with Walnut tree; and that the middle part ofitbeenot couered, and
|s» thattherebeputto the mouth or brim thereoffomekind of mettle, fo chat the open part
| may bend inward ,and that the moufe may not gnaw that whichis within except the cree-
| jo pethvnder: which if thee fhall do, the fhallprefently be fhutin by firring thetrap, —
Alfo there isanother kid of mouftrap which is couered with the barke of a tree, which is
cut into equall pieces, and laid ctoffe one ouer another, butthere is tied a fwines skinne in. Crefcentien:
the middle, and alfo an earthen pot couered with the fame barke being fik fptiokled
benz ! iced eri Aaa 3 sles) with
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Crefcentien,
Cirefcenticn.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
with cornethat the Mice may cuftome to come to it, and being dryed with lying they
breakein pieces, but you mult lay them together againe, and fill your pot with Water;
by the which meanes affooneas euer they are vpponthe fame they fall into the pyt,and :
fo are ftifeled.
~ Andalfoitis reported of thofe which hauetryed the fame, that if Mice fall into a vef-
fell without water, and remaine therealong time without meate, that then they deuoure
oneanother, but ifthey remaine therefo long vntill one among themallbeleft alone,
that is to fay the ftrongeftof them all, and that he be fuffered to go out, wherefoeuer hee
fhall finde any mice hee will eate them vp,and they fhall hane muchadoe to efcapehim,
becaufe he hath been fo long accuftomed vnto them .. I was toldalfo ofa certaine friend
of mine, that a man of senen/is did feta purfe ina hollow place, andmadeit to open and
fhut by fome deuife, fo that at length he tooke amoufe, which moufe hee fed onely with
the fle(h of Mice, and after he had fed it fo along time, he let it go; who killed all the Mice
thathe did meete, and was notfatiffied with them, but went into eucry:-hole that he could
find;and eat them vp alfo.Alfo Miceare taken in veffels, from whencethey cano: efcape,
vponthe which veffell lec there be put a fmall ftaffe, which is fo cut in the middle, that fhe
may onely hold her felfe by the meate,and when you haue fo doone, put the kerneltof a
Nut vpon the middle of the flaffe , to the which the Moufe comming, doth fall:intothe
veffell with the ftaffe, and they will be ftifeled if their'be any VVater: but if there benone
the will be killed. | "m OY. 205 nai
Andagaine he telleth of another manner of ketching of mice, which is as great as
the firft, and it isafter this manner. Take two fmooth boardes about the lengslrof thy
arme, andin breadth halfe thy Arme; but ioyne it fo together thatthey may be diflant
from the lower part in length fome foure fingers or little leffe; with two fmall fpindles or
clefts, which muftbe at euery end one,and faften Paper vnder them, and puta peece of
paafttherin, being cut ouerthwart in the middle, but you muftnotfaften it nigh the mid-
dle, & létit be fo bound that it may eafily be lifted vp betwixt the fpindles, thatifby flip-
ping it fhould be altered, it ign bebrought againeto the fame forme. Butthetwo fpin-
dlesfpoken of before ought to beioyned together inthe ends aboue,& beyond theman-
other final fpindle to be made, which may hold inthemiddlea crooked wedge or butten,
vpon the which may be hanged a piece of Hogges skinne, fo,that one of them may eafily
be turned vpfidedownie with the skinne5and putthereunto alittle peece of earth orfticke,
thar the mice may eafily'come toit : So that how many myce foeuer fhall comethereto ,
and to the meate, {hall be taken, alwayes by rowling the Paper into his wonted place.
There is another manner alfo, whichis to make a round peece ef Woode faftened on
both fides with Needles ,and made fo that the hinder part of it way heauier then the for-
20 |
mer;and that it ftandan inch hyer then the other, and then when you haue fo placed it.
throwfome cornethercon, that the mice may be alluredthereto, andtiealfo a peece of
flefh vpon the former end of it; andfohe Moufe going into the middle, by the rouling
offtliefame, flippethinto the kettle which ftandeth vnder it, which muftbee halfe full o£
Water, the circle prefently being as it was before, that very often many miceareket-
ched in one night by this worke, all falling into the kettle. Alfo thereare many kinds of
mice-traps where mice do perifh by the waight thereof,and they are made of a fmal piece
of wood made hollow, into the which fhall fal down another final piece of Wood, butit
muft be made fo that it may fall waighty topreffe downe the mice going to the meat, and
letthe meat be tyed to another little {mall peece of wood , which being touched, the hea-
uy peece doth prefently fall downe, and{o by that meanes the moufe is taken. -
Our country men do make'a trap whichis fomewhat like to this, let two peeces of boords
beioyned together one foot broad, and two foot long, and afterwards lettherebe put in
thema wooden pin, which you mutt fatten tothe lower boord, fo that it may nottouche
the vppermoft; and you muftfetitfo that the former part may eafily moue backewarde
and forward, but moreouer the former boord muftbe fattened to the hinder, likethefa-
- fhion ofa Gibbet or Gallowes, with two peeces of wood ftanding vpright, one being put
ouerthwart, orafter the fafhion ofthe Greek letter, , and it muft ftand fome: nineyn-
ches high,& as broad as theboord wil fuffer you, & ~~ let the meatbe hungin the mid-
" die
| Of the» Loufe.-.
dle of it, but that boord which is vppermoft, muft touch both tbeends of the other, and
notched according to the bredth, the notch being madeafter the forme ofa wedge de-
| uided into two parts,and an other {mall peece of wood muft be put to that which is vper-
mofít, almoft two fingers long, and one finger broad, and let there bee put. into thelower
notch, apecce of wood with meat at it, fo that it may be flightly faftened rothe brimme
fall...) bt "m | ;
| Andyou may lay aftone vpon the vppermoft bordthat it may fall the heauier.A nd there
| arefome alfo whichto the lower board, doe faften. iron pinnes, made very {harp, again{t
IE. tbe which the Miceare driuen by the waight of the fall. Furthermore, there is another
| - linde of trap madeto coaerthemaliue, onepart of it cut out of a (mall peece of woode,:
the length ofthe palme of thy hand,and the breadth of one finger;and let the. other part.
of itbe cutafterthe formeofa wedge: and let this peece of wood be erected like a lite;
| piller, and let the wedge beputinto the notch of an other peece óf wood, which muft be
the moufe may not perifh before fhe cometo the meate : The wood where the meat muft
ftand, ought to bea fpan long, and you muft faften the meate about the middle of it, buc.
the former part of it muft hauea cleft; which muft begin alittle from the brim, and fh all
be madealmoft thelength of two fingers, and you muft make it with two ftraight corners,
and take away halfe the breadth of the wood: "T hefe three peeces. of woode being thus.
made ready,thou (halt ereéta little piller, fo that the wedge may be down eward whereby
the moufe may feethe meate euery where : andlet the meate be hung inthe former cor-
ner of the piller, fo ifthe moufe (halltouch the meate, he fhall. bee preffed downe,with
the fall ofthe board. Mice alfo by the fall of a cleft board ate taken, which is held vp with
a piller, and hauing alittle fpattular of wood, whereon the meate fhall lye, fo made that,
| © the piller doth not open being parted, except when the moufe commeth to touch the
meate, and fo by that meanes fhe is taken. |
|
| 20
hole made and compaffed about with a boord ofa foot long;and fiue or fix fingers broad,
the compafíe whereof mufibe fourc fingers, intothís hoic lettherebe puta veffell made
© ofwoodthelen gth ofones fift, but roundand very deepe: and in the middle of each fide
of this veffellletthere be madea hole, wherein there is putin a thread made of yron with
meat, and let it be compafted about with a fimall thread which mutt be faftned ouerthwart
the hole: and the part ofthe thread which hangeth downe muftbe crooked,that the meat
may be faftned thereto, and there muft bee a peece of the thread without, tothe which
may be tyeda fironger peece of wood, whichis the thread whereon the meatis hanged,
by the which the moufeistaken, by putting her head into the veffel to ketch at the meat.
| Andalfo miceare taken otherwife, with a great Cane wherein there is aknot, and inthe
| top of itlettherebe madealittle bow with a lute ftring,and there füickea great needlein
| the middle of the pole of the Cane;andletche pole be made iuft in the middle, and let
| 49 therebe bounda peece of flefh beneath, fo prepared that when the moufe fhall bite,and
| mooue the skin, thatthen the ftring flippeth downe, andfo the needle pearceth through
| his head, and holdeth him that he cannot run away. But among all thereftthere is an ex-
|! cellent peeceof workmaníhip to ketch mice,whichI will heerfet down. Take a peece of
| wood, the length of boththy fifis, one fiftbroad, and two fingers thicke, and let there be
| cut off about fome two fingers,a little beyondthe middle ofhalfethebreadth. And that
breadth where it was cut, oughtto be more declining and lower, after the manner of this
letter A. And you muft puttothe fide of thisa peece of wood, halfe a circle long, ben-
ding, and in the middle part of each fide holes pearcedtbrough, fothat the halfe circle
may be ftreight and plainely placed to the foundation ofthe woode, thatthe trap being
5° made,it may reftvpon the fame halfe circle, and vpon this halfe circle let there be placed
| ironnailes very fharp,fo that the inftrument by falling downe may couer the ironsof the
| .halfecircleasfooneas euer they touch thefame,
Furthermore thereis another manner of trap, whena veffell out of which they cannot
efcape, is filled halfe vp with water,and vpon thetop thereof Otmell is put, which will
3
|
|
ofthe vppermoft, that the meate being prefently touched, the other may the cafiler:
made equall with the other, or very little (horter: and this piller mu(t bee fo made, that,
"There isalfo another manner of moufe-trap vfed among vs, whichis, letthere bee a
_ fwim,
51I
=>
—»
TM
CHEERS
NS OU cn
V
out
wm
$i
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m:
"E d
pa
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
fwim, and not finke, making the vppermoft face of the water to féeme white; atid folid,
whereunto when the moufe commeth, fhe leapeth into the oate-mell,and fo is drowhed:
And thelike may be done with chaffe mingled with oat-mell: andthis inl! traps mutt be^
obferued, wherein miceare taken aliue;that they be prefently taken forch,for ifthey make’
water in the place, their fellowes will for euer fafpe&thetrap, and never come néare it;
till the fauour of the vrine beabolithed. +3 | 34 jomsqqv 717 10
Palladius faith, that the thicke froth of oyle, being infufed intoa di(h or brafen czl-
dron, and fet inthe middle ofthe houfe in the night time, will drawall'the mice! Wato it P
wherein they fhall fticke faft,and not be able to efcape. 036218W OUR 20001 9f
512
elg Li "e
1o Jhalid eMIKUL4SCGGOVOo
‘Anatolins inus os * ze x Nes sao ent
dun fidue ; but this is tobe vndérftoode of the'Sorex. Ifthe head of a moufebe Qlajed, or if a”
male moufebe flaied all ouer, or her taile cut off, orif herlegge bebonndto i poftiathe
houfe, ora bell be hung about her necke;and foturned going, (he will driue away-all her?
fellowes.’ And (pliny faith) that the fmoke of the leaues of the Ewe-tree bccaufethey are
poyfon, will kill mice, fo alfo will libbards-baine, and henbaine-feede} and Wolfe baine,’
for which caufe they are feuerally called A¢yocfonos,and the rootes of VVolfe baiiej'are
commonly fold in Sauoy vnto the Country peopleforthat purpofe. UO cbr
In Germany they mingle it with oat- mell ,and fo lay itin bals to kill mice. Thefume'
of wall-wort, calcauth, parcely,origanum, and deaths-hearb, doe alfo kill mice: you fay’
Pliny faith, thatifa moufe be geldedaliue and fo let'go, (he willdtive away allthe're. ‘10,
alfo driue them away withthe fume of the ftone Hzematites, and with greene'tamarisk, 20
with the hoofe of a mule; of ofnitre, or the afhes of a Weafell,or-a catin wateryor the
pall of an Oxe putinto bread. idi55t vero hiner sili
The feede of Cowcumbers being fod, and fprinckled vpon any thing, mice will ne-
vertouchit,likewife wilde coucumber and coloquintida, kill mice. “To keepe mice from
corne, make morter of the froth of oyle mingled together with chaffe, and let them well
dry, and afterwards be wrought throughly, then plafter the wals of your garnery there-
with, and when they are dry caft more froth of oyle vpon them, and afterwards carry in
your corne and the mice will neuer annoy it. Beret |
(anto *^ Wormewood laidamong cloathes, and skinnes, defend them from mice,: Andalfo
^ the water of wormewood fod,fprinckled vpon cloathes haththe fame operatión. > :
Tragus Inke tempered with water, wherein VVormewood hath beene wathed, or fod;cau-
fech chat the Parchment and Paper written therewith, (hall neuerbe ‘eaten, ortouched
with micc. «e oc 033d: dar
en — ^" — Apatolinis and Tarentinus inthe difcourfe ofthe granery or barne do writ thar milk:
thiftie mingled with hony, water, and fine flower, or mil-duft, made into litde balles,and
Paxanns — Jaidwhere mice may eat of it, doth make them blindifthey tafte théreof.: White Helle-
bore mixed with pottage, or the feedes of wilde Cowcumber, Coloquintida, and meale,
mingled with blacke Hellebore, and putinto Cheefeor bread, or any kind of fat meat, kil-
leth both Rats and mice.So likewife a white camelion fod in broth, mingled with waterand
oyle, killeth Dogges, fwine, and mice. 3 |
^ "Theiuyce ofthe roote ofthe hearbe Camelion, mixed with water and oyle, draweth
mice vnto it, and killeththem by cafting thereof, if they drinke not prefently : fo alfodoth
Henbane. The roots ofthebramble Tree, mingled with Butter, Breade,or Honey, Ele-
campaine, and fea Onions, Scamoney,wild Sparradge, Arfenicke, Mug-wort,otherwife
cald moufe-wort, mingled with Lardinfmallpeeces, with Auri pigment, killeth Wolues
Crefcentien- and mice 3 and in fome countries, for the better difperfing of the poy{on, fer drinke befide
Ss. the fame, whereof as fooneas they taftthey {wel and die, but I haue feenthem die without
drinking atall. Mice and wolues if they taftofthe wilde Rofe, and drinke after it, doenot
onely dye, butalfo fall into madneffe ‘and bite, their fellowes, communicating the qual-
ity of the difeafe to euery one they bite. Fleth cut into lictle peeces & fryed withbutter in
a frying pan, an dafterwards when it is colde, adde halfe fo muchfoft pitch thereto, and
mingle it together, rowling vp the fle(h inthe pitch, then diftribute it vpon little boords,
and fet it in the place, and places whereunto the mice do much refort,and water befide
it, andwhenthatthey haue tafted of it alittle, they are fo eagerly a thirft; thatchey drinke
and dye. E.
^he
((avdon
39
49 |
50
Of the Moufe. . 513
The like I may fay of Rats-bane, Quicke-filuer, Sublimate, and Precipitate, and diuers
|! otherthinges,andtbus much may fuffice, for the ketching, taking, and killing of myce,
| — whereunto I may addethe vfe oftheir members and parts, not medicinall, but naturall,
although I haue touched it heeretoforein part. .
The Scythians were woontto be clad with the skinnes of mice and Wolues, and itis
obferued, that when mice cry and fcreeketh aboue their ordinary cuftome, it prefageth
analteration and change of the Weather, and thus much fhall{uffice for their naturall
| difcourfe.
| -.- Hauing thus difcourfed of the nature of the vulgar moufe, I may alfo adde the mor-
| ro ral vfethereof, asl find it recorded ámong learned writers; deliuered eyther in Hiftorie
| orinprouerbe.Itisreportedof Glaucus thefonne of Mines and Pafiphae, that while he fol-
loweda moufe to take her, he fel intoa veffel of hony, but after Polyades che prophet, by -
laying an herb on him raifed him agatne to life.Hartoan Arch Byíh.of Met=in the tron
tiers of Germany, was deftroyed by mife; or as other fay by Rats, but the words of Textor T«etzer.
are: | |
The morrall
ftory of rijce
- Hatto Archiepifeopus Moguntinus amuribusfertur deuoratus.
And the error may proceed, becaufe that Mus is a generall word forthe Ratand moufe,
_andtherefore they which haue thought it an vnreafonable thinge, that fo finall beaftes
fhould deftroy fo mighty a prince, haue rather attributed itto the Rats then to themices
| 40 but they oughtto haue rememberd, thatit wasan extraordinary indgement of God to
puni(h a cruell couetous wretch, and that therefore it wasas eafie for him to make the lit-
tle moufe his inftrument,as the great Rat:for we read that Hered was deuourd by worms,
| andother haue beene eaten vp with lyce. Adrian the Pope was ftrangled by a‘flye, and
| therefore Hattoan Archbilhop might afwel perith through the affliting handof God
| byamulüitudeofmicc. 8
| Helisgabalus that wretch, among other his morifl rous defirés, and Tyrannicall com?
| maundes, Lampridius affirmeth, that vpona time he commaunded that there fhould bee
| — brought vnto bim ten thonfand micéaliue, a thoufand weafils, and athoufand Sor7ees ot
wilde fielde-mice, fo bafe were his thoughts, that while hefhould haue atténded his Em-
35 periall calling, and heatkened tothe fuics andcomplainis of poore diftreffed fübieas, he
| wasbufiedinkilling of mice, and therefore in ancient time; a moufe-killer was taken for'an
opprobriousfpeech; fora bafe,fluggifh;andidlecompanion. — - CEW IU IET
; Thelikeis reported ofa Mofcouian Emperour;whoto affli& his people and to ga- 5
ther money from them, commanded the Cittizens of Mufco to bring him a peckefullof =
| ~ fleas,whereunto the people anfwered, that if they could takefo many; yet couldtiot they "^
| keepethem together from leaping away. And mice haue beene brought into publique
| — fpc&acle;becaufe at zauinium they gnawed afunder the fhields-of filuers and it was
| — afterwardiüdged a prodigie, for there followed the Marficke war. When the Scythians
vnderftoode that Darm" wich his great army ftoode in ncede of vitrailes, they fent vnto
b 40 him 4 Prouant-mafter with thefe prefents or gifts,a birde,a moufe a frog, and fie darts.
_® Atthe receipte whereof the Perfians wondered what fhould be meant thereby ; and de-
matinded of the meffenger the meaning of the myftery. But the Ambaffador aníwered,
heknew notany fignification of his prefents,but onely receiued charge to deliuer them,
and make haft backeagaine, and to bid the Perfians if they were wifetolay their wits to-
ether to know and vaderftand'the meaning chereof. When the Perfians heard him fay HU
fo, they fell to confultation. Darivs gaue his opinion that the moufe,fignified the earth, aM V MI
' the frog; tlis waters; thé bird, hórfés and the darts warlike furniture and ftrength of for- Herodotus, | Ti.
ces, andthat the Scythians by:feriding all thefe voto them, yeelded thar the Perfians iia | $0
| thouldbe Lords oftheirland;feajhorfes and themfelues,and that therefore they ought aa
| ™ tobeofgoodeourage. 9 2 0s) 9n V PL EN EAT SM
| Butone Gobrias agraue Councellor who was one of the feuen that flewthe Masior 7 07 Loo M
| Wizards auntwered othérwife, for his conic&ure was more true, fot faid he, O-perf«, mif | LOL MI
| effecti sit aues. fubuoletisin celum, aut vt mures fubeatis terram, aut vt vane tnfeatis in TRUE 1 |
| paludessmenremeabitis uude veniftis his fagittss confecti : O ye Perlians,except ye become: E DU
| " = 4 5 r z . E : L| " T.) TM SEHEN Y o
| — like birds to flye vp into heauen, or like mice to creepe into the earth,orlikefrogstoleap: wire . i I |
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Sacrificing
of Mice,
Seeliaff.lyco,
Albertus:
Marcellus
"Diofcerides by Scorpions; doth very fpeedily heale them.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
intothe waters,you (hall not returne back againe vato the place from whence you came,
and fo indeedeit came to paffe. Wereade 1. Sam. 5. thatwhen the Arke of Godwas
taken by the Philiftimes, and they kept ic incheir Temple at Hazzah, the hand of the
Lord fell vppontheir Princes, and hee {mete them with Emrods, inthe bottome of
their belly, that is, Godpunithedthem with mice, for heaffli&ed their bodies, and
the fruites of the earth, for which caufe cap.6. they aduife with themfelues, to. fend back
againe the Arkeof the Lord witha prefent of Golden Mice. Owid, Homer ,and:Orpheus
call Apollo Smyntheus forthe Cretians mauncienttime called Mice smyntha :Nowthe
fained caufe thereofisthus related by 4 Efiazus. T
There was one Crinis which was a Prieft of Apello: who negle&ed his. dayly facri
fice, for thewhich through aboundance of mice be was depriued of the frites of the
eatth, forthey deuouredall. Atwhichloffe Apollo himfelfe was moued sand taking pit-
ue of the miferie, appeared to one. Herda a Neate-heard, commaunding him to tell
Crimi thatallthecaufe of that penury wasfor that he had omitted his accuftomed fa-
crifice, andthat it was his duetie tooffer them againe diligently, or elfe it would be farre
worfe afterward. Crizs vpon the admonition amended the fault, and immediatly Apol-
fo killedallthe deuouring Mice with his darts, whereupponhe was called Swyzzbens,
Other againe fay, thatamong the Aeelrans at Troas & Hamaxitus, they worfhiped mice
and pello bothtogether and thatvaderhis Altar they had meateand nourifhment, and
alfo holes to liue in {afely, and the reafon was, becaufe once ma ny thoufands of micein- ao |
uaded the corne ficldes of Aeolia and Trey, cutting downe the, fame before it was ripe,
andalío fruftrating the husbandman of fruite and hope: this euill caufed them to goe
to Delphos to aske counfell at the Oracle what they (hould doe to be deliuered from that
extremitie where the Oracle gaue anfwere that they fhould goe facrificeto Apollo Smyns
thews, andafterward they had facrificed, they were delivered from the mice, and that
therefore they placed a ftatueor figure of a moufein the Templeof Apolla.
When the Troyans came out of Crecte, to feeke a habitation for themfelues they re-
ceauedan Oracle, that they fhould there dwell, wherethe inhabitants that were borne of
inthe- night time, a great company of wilde mice, fet vpon their. bowes, quiuers, and .39 3
[1
and enbabite in houfes, being cutin twaineand put vnto the wounds which arenew made
Yo
A
|
3
bid
Of the Mone. 515
A yoong moüfe being mingled with falt isan excellent remedy againf the byting of the
moufecalleda fhrew, which biting horfes and labouring cac:ell, it doth venome vntill it
come vnto the hart, and then they die; except the aforefaid remedie be vfed. The fhrew
alfo himfelfe being bruifed andlaid vnto the place which was bitten, is an excellent and Py
very profitable remedy againft tbe fame. ! T
A moufe being deuided and put or laid vpon warts, will healethem and quite abolith 7754
them, of what kinde focuer they fhall be. The fattewhich is diftilled from mice, being
mixed with alitde goofe-greace and boyled together, is an excellent and medicinable
| ^. cure forthe affwaging and mollifying of {wellings and hard lumps or knots whichdoe
| yo vfually arife in the fleth. Yoong nice being beaten into fmall bits or peeces, and mixed Pliny
with olde wine and fo boyled or baked, vntillthey comevnto a temperate and mollify-
ing medicine,if itbe anointed vppon the eyelids; it will very eafily procure haire to
row thereon. The fame being vnbeaten and roafted ,and fo giuen to little children to
eate, will quickly dry vp the froath or {petle which aboundeth in their mouth. There are Diofcorides
certaine ofthe wife menor Magi who thinke it good that a moufe fhould bee flcad and
giuento thofe whichare troubled with the tooth-ache twifeina monethto be eaten. The E
water whereina moufe hath beene fod or boyled, is very wholefome and profitable for ;
thofe to drinke who a:etroubled with the inflammation of theiawes or the difeafe cal- —
led the Squincie. Mice, bur efpecially thofe of Affricke, hauing their skinnepuld offand ©,
| $e well fteepedin oyleand rubbed with falt, and fo boyled, and afterwards taken in drinke,
| arevery medicinableforthofe whichtiaueany paine or trouble in theirlightes & lungs.
The fame medicine vfedin theaforefaid manner is very profitable for thofe which are pyiny.. -
troubled witha filthy, mattery, and blooddy fpetting out with retching. ak Bae
Sodden mice are exceeding goodto reftraineand hold in the vrine of infants or chil-
dren being too aboundant,itthey begiuen in fome pleafant or delightfome drinke.Mice
beingalfo cut in twaine, and laid vnto thefeeteor legs of thofe which are gowtie is'an
excellent remedie and cute for them. Mice being dryedand beatento powder, doth ve-
ry effe&tually heale and cure thofewhich are fcalded or burned with hote water, or fire.
|^ Cypres nuts being burned and pounded, or beaten into duft, and mixed with the duft of Marcellus
L| 30 the hoofe of a male or female mule, being dryed or ftamped fiuall, and the oyleofmirtle !
added vato the fame; with the dirt or dung of mice being alfo beaten, and with the dung
of a hedge-hogge new made, and with redarfenicke : and all mingled together with vi-
negarand moift or liquid pitch and put vntotheheade ofany one who is troubled with
theaboundanceandloofe hanging downe or ouergrowing of his hire, it will very {pee-
- dily and without any difficültie eafe him of the fame. eG! bag
» ‘The duft of'a moufe pounded an d beaten to powder, and mingled witha certaine oile,
is very good and wholefome, for thofe which are grieued witha Tettor or Ícabbe: which:
may ouerrunne theit whole body. The braines ortaile ofa moufe being dried and beaten _,,
to powder is very medicinablefor thofe which are troubled withthe cafting and (hedding T
, oftheir haire, as alfo for the difeafe calledthe Foxes euill; but this operation will worke
more effe&ually ifthe fheddirg of the haire doth happen by any venom or poyfon. The
fame in operation hath the whole body of the moufe being vfed inthe aforefaide man--
HE. mss nw, |
^ There is alfo another excellent temedy to cure and heale theaforefaid difeafe which Gales i |
is this,totake mice which inhabite in houfes, and to burne ordry them in a pot,and then: a MS a
beat them :and being fo vfed, to mixe then: with oyle of Lawrell, andto rubbe the haires- Oe | 10
Which arelike to fallor fhed with garlicke, and to put them altogither intoa Frondet or '
a
forehead cloath, and daily to keepe the fame medicine or plaifter vnto them;vnillhe* — m" "II
haire dé grow faft, and they be ridde of that difeafe:There isalfo another remedy for the: rr if ns |
50 fame difeafe, which is this : To burne a mgufe, atid beate him into powder and then to: wien E
^ minglethe fame with hony andthe greace ofa Beare, and fo to annointthe head;and this (5j, Eom m :
isaccounted for a very {peedy and effe&tuall cure. HELD being Vite i um I
' "Theduftor powder of mice being mixed withhony andoyleof Rofes,and fo baked; ii Wt |
orboyled together, and afterward diftilled into à cleare waterand fo powred into the: LM
cares of any one whichis deafe or troubled with any paine in his eares,and it will quickly P4; Lu
Nar tome r4 bring | | EM |
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-—
516
Marcella
Gales
Galenus
‘Paral.3.16
Plz
Galenas
Pliny
The Fiiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
bring him helpeand remedie. The duft of a dryed moufe being alfo mingled with hony
and rubbed vpon the teeth of any one which is troubled with a'ftioking breath, will pre-
fently takeaway the fauour thereof. If the vrineof a man or woman be too fluent and
- aboundant, let them take the duft or powder of a dryed moufe, being beaten and ftam-
ped,and mix it with wine or with goates milke, and fo drinke it vp, and he fhall fpeedily
haue remedie. The grieuous and violent inflammation or turning of the eye-lids, is cu-
red after chis manner. Firft, they take the flefh of the mice, as foone as euer it is beaten
{mall,and mingle it withthe yolkeofan egge,and mollifie it into a falue or plaifter like
vnto waxe, and then put it into alinnen cloath, and fo wrap it vpon the eye lides in the
time of fleepe, and it will eafily bring helpe and remedy. | |
Thereisanexcellent remedy for theouerfpreding ofthe eyes, orto cure the difeafe
in them,calledthe pinand the web, or tohelpethem which are altogether blind, which
isthis: Totaketheblood of a moufe,the gall of a Cocke, and fome part or quantitie of
womans milke, and to take of each of them alike, and then to mingle or mixe them toge-
ther,& being well wrought or kneaded vntill it cometoanoint mentto rubbeor fpread
it vponthe cyes: and this will in very fhort {pace helpe them vnto their fight; For it hath
beene tryed, and hath helped many. que. !
"The skinne of a moufe being burned or dryed, and beaten into powder, and fo ming-
led with vinegar, and then annointed vpon the head of any one who is pained or trou:
bled withthe heade-ache, it will prefendy eafe and helpe him. The heade,of a moufe be-
ing alfo born orcartied in alinnen cloth, doth cure the fame difeafe. The heads of mice
. being burned, and beaten into fruall powder, and then mixed or mingled withhony,and
foannointed vpon the legges or feete of them which are troubled with the gowte,are ex-
cellent good and whole{ome for the curing of that grievous difeafe. The fame vertue
hath the tailes or bodies of Mice, being vfed in the aforefaid manerinthem. Some doe
thinke that the aforefaid difeafe is morefpeedily and effectually cured after this manner :
Firft, totake a Beetle ot horfe-flye, and ftampe it all to peeces, and then to mingle it with
foft and liquid pitch, the skinne being prepared or made ready withaitre : butthere muff
t. be great care taken that it eate not too farre in the fleth ; then to take the head of a moufe,
Sexiwe
Pliny
and the gall and dung of a moufe and mingle them together. with ling-worte and pepper,
and fo roannoint them, and fpread them vpontbe aforefaid eaten orlaunced woundes ;.
and this 1s very much:commended for avery good and medicinable cure for.theafore-
faiddifeafe..7 tailao Jio NE |
Theheads of Mice dryedand beaten into powder or duft, and then mixed with hony,
and fo annointed vpon the eyes for the {pace of ten daies together, will clarifie the eyes,
anc expellall-paine or blemi(hes fromthens. Of the heads of Mice being burnedis made
that excellent powder, forthe fcowring and cleanfing of the teeth called tooth-foape :
vnto which. if fpikenard beadded or mingled, it will rake away any filthy fent or ftronge
~ fauour inthe mouth. The braines of a Moufe being taken and put or,fteeped in wine and
Marcellus
Miroir
ftamped, aud beatenfmall and annointed vponthebrow or forchead of any one who is 4o
troubled with a paine orache inthe head, and he (hall foone finde,eafe and remedy. If
any man fhallbut touch or kiffe with his mouth the fnout or noftrils of a Moufe, and be
troubled with the difeafe called the rewme which fallech downe and fluffeth the noftrils,
he fhall in very (hort {pace be eafed of the fame. The Magi or wifemen doe verymuch
commend this medicine for the expelling of a quartaine Ague or, feuer,which is thus,
Totakethenofe or {nowtofa Moufe, asalfo the very tops of theeares,and brufe them
together, and afterward tie them in a innen cloath, which hath had Rofes or Rofeleaues
in the fame,and then bindthem vnto the armes or wriftes of him which isfo rronbled,and
they will very effe&ually and fpcedily, cure and heale him, For the rottenneffe and demi-
nifhing of the teeth, the beft remedy is to takea liuing moufe-and totake out one of her
teeth whether the greate(t or theleaft it isno great matter, and hang it by theteeth of the
party gricued: but firftkill the moufe from whom you had the tooth, and:he hall pre-
fently haue eafe and helpe of his paine. The hart of a lining moufe being taken out,-and
hanged vpon the left armeof any woman, is of fuch force and power,.as it will caufe her
neuer to conceaue. The lapsor fillets of the liuer of a Moufe, being beaten final te
' mingle
Of the SM oufe. 517
mingled with foure drams of fower and vnpleufant wine is an excellent remedy for thofe
which are troubled with quakings in their ioynts,as alfo for feauers and fhaking agues. A Galenus
movfe being cut or parted in the coniun&ion of the fun and the Moone,and the liver pul-
led ont and roafted or boyled,and giuento one which is troubled with the aforefaid dif-
eafeto eate, will very fpecdily and without any difficulty or paine cure and heale him of
the fame. The gall ofa Moufe being beaten very fmall, and fteeped or wafhed in Vineger, Pliny
and fo poured or diftifled into the cares of any one who is deafe or thicke of hearing, or
hath any ach or paine in the fame, is counted for the chicfeft,and moftfingular and chie-
| feftremedy or cure which is vfed for the fame.
| ro Lhe dung or durt ofa moufe being new made,is very profitable for thofe which are trou-
| bled with the difeafe called the {ciatica or hip-gout, annointed or rubbed vpon the fame.
Moufe-cung being alfo mingled with vinegar and oile of rofes, and fo annointed or {pred
vponthe forehead or tempies ofany one whois troubled with the head-ach, will prefenly Archigenets
eafe and help him of the fame. The gum called Benzoinebeing mixed with wine and Saf; |
fron, and pepper, as alfo with the durt or dung of Mice being new made, and mixed with
vinegar,and mingledalin one medicine,and fo flrained and giuen to one to drinke which
is fparcand leane, in fome (hort fpace or time it will make him grow very fac] , Pliny
The dung or durt ofa moufe being mingled with certaine other medicines, is very
X. goodand wholefome for thofe which are troubled with tetters, and dry fcabs whicho-
| 2e ouerrunthewholehody.
The dung of mice being mingled with the duft or pouder of Frankincenfe, wiih a little
red arfenicke added thereunto, isa very profitableand wholefome medicine for thofe to
| — vfewhichare troubled with little hard red bunches and fwellingsarifing in diuers andfe-
uerall parts ofthe body. Seuen pils being taken out of the dung ofa moufe and mingled
with vinegar andannoiated vppon the forehead and temples, of thofe which are grieued
| therein, willvery fpeedily help and cure tliera. bs; Miche
~The iiward partes of earth mixed wit moufe-dung, white Pepper; and Mirrhe, be-
ing of each of them halfe an ounce, & afterwards mingled with Vinegaraltogether,and fo
annointed vponthe head of any one which is troubled with the megrime, willvety effec- |
| go tually and fpeedily eafeand rid him ofthe fame. The Heatbe called Szrazws beaten to» Afyrepfi
gether with Moufe-dürig;ándafterwardes mixed with vineger js an excellent remedy a-
. . gainft the fwellinges in the head, orlittle bunches which arifingtherein become fores;
andare fullof matteratid filthy corruption. Thedung or durt of mice being melted, dif-
| folued;ándmingled with vineger,and then rubbed vponthe head ofany one. wbo is trou- Marcellus.
led withthe fcurfe or skaules thereon ina bathe or ftoue; will prefently expell and driue
them quite away. The dung of mice being mingled with Frankincenfe, and {fo beatenor
___ temperéd'together vntillthey come vnto the likeneffe or thickneffe of hony,, and then an-
| | mointed vpon the legs or feet ofany-one that is troubled with the gotit, be fhail find pre-.
fenehelpandremedyiig 012120 25:003 Lc bas o3iliq 3:5 251-9 v story Stori
"Thefame'difeafeis alfo very effe&uallycured by the dung ofa moufe,& burned or fcor-
ched barly ttiingled together,ofeach being the fame weight or quantity ,& afterwards mix Galewas
éd vith vineger altogether andfo fpread or annointedvpon thedifeafed parts;Eherisal ———
| feanother excellent remedy forcuring ofthe aforefaid difeafe which isthus:totakecams — ^
| tharides andbruife them all to pieces, and mingle them with foftorliquid Pitch, andalfo p;
| — within itre) and fo anoint or rub them vppon the skinne being prepared for the purpofe , "Tt
büt there fnüftbe'great earé lad that the skin beenot rubbed or launced too far. - After-:
| wérdsvntothe woündsfoxnade,there muft be taken the heads, gales, and dung of mice; :
bemg mixed withthe hearb Lingwort, and pepper, andfo beaten altogether yntill they;
__ comeynto a temperate falue or medicine, and then anointed vpon the {aid wounds, and
» they.will in very fhort {pace cure the fame, t
The haires and dung of a Moufe, parched or dryed by the fire, and annointed vpon the
eie-lids ofany one which are pield or bare, will prefently procure haire to grow thereon.
Moufe-dung being dried in the (hadeis an excellent remedy againftthe voyding of fpet-
ting of blood which floweth from fome parts of thebody but efpecially from thebelly. . 4/,.ins Pe
Bbb | The demson tawas.
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518
Serenus
Marcellus
«Diofcorides
Asscen
Pliny
Hippocrates
Anisen
Marcellus
~ goodand profitable f
the party fo grieued as often as y
_ being fpreadeor aunointed thereuppon .
The Hiftorie of. Foure-footed Beafts.
The fame is alfo very good to flaunch the blood which iffieth from woundes being new
made. White Sceny-feede, and the dung ofa Moufe or Hare being put into broath with
the ftem or (talke of Fennell, and fo boyled together, andafterwards giuen vnto à Wo-
man to drinke who is deftitute of milke in her breaftes, will prefently and very {peedily
c her milke in great aboundance.
eee ofMice being {teeped or wafhedin raine water, doth eafe andrefrefh the
fwelliag of womens dugsin their time ofdeliuery. The dung of a Moufe being given in
any drinke orliquor to one that is troubled with the difeafe called the collick and ftoneto
drinke, will in very (hort fpace or time cure him ofthefame. Moufe dung being alfo ta- te
ken in drinke doth loofethe body of cither man or womanhow faftfoeuer they be bound.
There is an excellent remedy arifing from Moufe-dung againft the Sciatica or hip-gout
which is this :to take nine graines ofa Moufes dung mixed or mingled with balfe a pinte
ofwine, and giuen to the party grieued vpon a bench or foote- ftoole to drinke, fotbat he
drinke it (tanding vpon that foot only which paineth him, euen at the fun rifing, and ha-
ning fo drunke it, let him leape downe, and afterwardes lec him leape three times, and let
him do this butthree daies together, and heefhall haue prefent help and remedy of his
edibus mixed with Frankincenfe and {weete Wine, and fo drunke by any one
which istroubled with the collick and ftone, will prefently cafe him of the fame. But the
dung of mice mingled with Frankincenfe, water, and Hony, and foboiledtogether, and 20
drunke, doth not onely driue away the paine of the aforefaid difeafe, but alfo doth breake
and quite diffolue the ftone. Moufe-dung alfo being taken in drinke by it felfealone, doth
diffolue and melt the ftonein the bladder. The fame being alfo boyled in water is very
or thofe which cannot make Water. The fame being new madeand
annointed vpon the belly of any one whois troubled with the collicke or ftone, fhall finde
'efent emedy thereby. DE o ev ll
n Seo eMe? Wann excellent medicine proceeding from this dung, wher-
by the fruite ina Womans wombe may be brought forth either dead or putry fied with-
outanyhurt or preiudice-vnto the Woman, which isthus ; firftto take Egyptianfalt, — j
moufe-düng; and Gotirds which arefowen in woods, and afterwards topourein halfea 3
pinte of Hony, being halfe boyled, andto caft one dram of Rozen intothe Honny, the
and the moufe-dung, and beate them well and throughly together, and then
llc eina ii fafhion iind inthe manner of acornes, and put them to the belly of
i ou fhall thinke it meete and conuenient, and in ving
this (ome (hort fpace or time you fhalfee the aforefaid putryfied fruit to proceed and iffue
forth. uae LUN tut pel, ui iE
Aoufe-dung being parched or burned and mingled with Hony, is very good and me-
diciosbtà afwell for sae which arettoubled with the fwellings in their legsand aah yas,
fe eve-lidsare pilled and bald, to make haireto grow again vpon them,
en nian : The dunge of mice being dryed zi beorro 49
-atofnall duft or pouder; and put into the teeth of ay onewhichare hollow,will prefent-
Wespel na al cw from mee ,andalfo confirmeand make the teeth ftrong. The dufi
ot pouder which proceedeth from moufe-dung is alfo very goodto cure any difeafein
: feither man or woman. bae 2250 olllgmacas Da Ae
n ^ init ofi mft is of fuch ftrong forcethat if it (hal but touch any part ofa mans
body, it will eate vnto the very bones. The bitings of miceare healedby no other means
bi by greene figes and Garlike being mixed or mingled together, and fo annoynted
thereupon. UMEN jd
i fa OF Mid
OF THERAT. . |
xS that this beaft bc-
za B longeth alfoto the
X91 rank of mice, & the
name thereof we haue ihewed
already,is commo bothto the
French, Spanith, Italian , and
Engli(h, & it may feeme tobe
dea ed m the Greeke word
Rafles,or Heurex ,or Rifcos,for
a Me SS ASHE
Ly MN m DNO
o TS
ANH NN SS
Uj iy KN S S
\
of the Martin,fhort and round
eares,a cetaniable rough skin, '
fhortlegs, and long clawes, &
exceeding great eies,fuchas cá
fee very perfe&ly in the darke
KN
nee =
N SN NS
cdd
M
by caudlelight, with their nails
e climbe vp fteepeand hard
wals, their taile is very long, &
almoft naked void of haire, by
reafon whereofitis not vnwot-
thily counted venomous, for it
ture of Serpents. The quantity
of their body is muchlike a wea-
fels, & fometimes you fhall fee
a Rat exceeding the common
ftature, which the Germans cal
Ratzen Kuuig, theking of Rats,
becaufe of his larger & greater
body,and they fay that the lef-
fer bring him meat and helieth
/ idle; But my opinion is that as
we read of the Dormous fhe
nouri(heth hir parentwhen fhe
'isold , fo likewilethe younger
Ratsbring food vnto the elder,
| becaufethrough their age,they
iarénot.able to huntfor them-
felues, &are alfo growne toa
ps and vnweeldy ftature of
ody. Sometimes you fhal fee
white Rats,as was once feene in
Germany, taken in the middle
of Aprill; hain vec ied eyes ftanding forth of their head, and a rough and long beard.
Andat Anfpurg i in Gérmany;about the Temple called the ‘Church of S. Hualdrie they a-
bound in greater number rhen in other pao They do notlye in the earth like Mice,ex-
ceptin thevally of Joachim, where for thefummertime they forfake houfes , and gointo
cony holes, but in the winter timethey returne to the houfesagaine. They are morenoy-
Bbb 2 .- fome
519
T Here is no doubt The vulgar
Rat, or egreat
wotnelticall
Moute,
* i Cá S Els Gretians vfeilihole TOF
vici SW WSESE nd this beaftis 4. times fo big 1, uu
Ny NN ANS S SS a as. the commó Moufe, being of ty oe
Ih ayy NS a blackifh dusky colour, more their parts:
WY ie N Aa S SS whit on the belly havingalong
i d E head,not much vnlike the head
Mi
night, and more perfeétly then *
feemeth to partake with the na
321
Se ee nc SeLT A
SS
à i
Hd mU t
bL]. ur b
n id Uu
y e COR
Medicins by
Rats.
Poyfon of
Rats.
Names of
Water- Rats.
Meate of
à
Water- Rats,
Places ofwa
ter ratsabod
A wonder in
the parts ofa
female Rat
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
fome then the little Moufe, for they liue by ftelth, and feed vponthe fame meat that they
fcede vpon,and thereforeas they: exceede in quantity, fo they deuoure more, and doe
farre more harme. They are killed by the fame poyfons and meates that the common
Micearekilled, except wolfe-baine, for ifthey eate thereof, they vomit it vp againe and
are fafe. They are alfo taken in the fame traps, but 3. or foure times fo big ; Their flefh is
farre more hot and fharp then the fle(h of the vulgar Moufe, as we haue gathered by the
diffection of it,and thereforein operation itis very like that it expelleth and dryeth more
thentheother. — ^ '
The excrements are alfo ofthe fame vertue, and with the dung of Rats the Phyfitions
cure the falling off of the haire. Andit is faide alfo that whenthey tage in luft, and follow 1€
their copulation, they are more venemousand dangerous then at other times. For if
the vrine dofall vpon the bare place ofa man, it maketh the flefh rotvnto the bones,
neither will it {uffer any {car to bee made vppon thevlcer, and thus much of the vulgar
Rat.
OF THE WATER RAT.
fe Ecingtherearetwo kinds of Rats, one ofthe earth called Rattus ter-
6) vefiris,and the other ofthe water cailed Rattus Fluutatilis, of which
we are nowtoentreat, being alfo called of the Latins ws aquaticus
a
we, by the Germans Twaffermans,and Wafferrat, by the Italians Sorgo- 2e
A mogange,by the French Rat d* eas. This beaft hunteth fifhes inthe
"Op winter,and hauc certaine caues inthe water fides, and bankes of che
RE riuersor ponds: For which occafionit being feene in the waters, dc-
we SX SSE ceiueththeir expectation which looke for the returne of it to the
land. And thisbeaft hath beene forgotten by the ancients, for they haue left of itno dif-
cription nor ftory, becaufe it liveth partly inthe water, and partly on the land, and ther-
fore he faid true that fpake ofthe habitation and place ofaboade of this beaft, in this fort,
Ego non in fluujs , nec alijs aquis magnis, edparuis tantum vius atd, berbofis ommum ipis,
hoc animal frequentiffimum ver [ari audio. That is to fay, That this beaft doth not keepe in
preat waters or riuers, but in fmall and little currents and pondes, where aboundance of
graffeand other weedes doe grow on the fides andbankes 5 Pliny attributeththat to the
warer-rat; which is proper to the T: ortife, for indeedthereis fome fimilitude of natures be-
twixt thefe beafts, with this exception, that the females in this kind hauethree vifible paf-
fages for their excrements, one for their vrine, another for the dung,and the third for the
young ones, thatis apeculiar place for thelittering oftheir young ones,and this water-
rat ouerand befide her common nature with other Rats,doth fwim ouer riuers,and feed
vpon herbs and ifat any time (he behunted from her natiue biding & accuftomed lodg-
ing, thenalfo fhe goethamong vulgar & common Rats and mice,and feedeth vpon fuch
as they eate : and (Bellonsus faich that thereare great ftore of thefe in Nilusand Strymon,
30
and that in calme nights when there areno winds,they walketo the (hores, & get vp vp- 49
on the bankes, eating and gnawing füch plants as grownearethe waters,and ifthey heare
any noife, they fuddenly leape into the Waters againc. He expreffeth alfo the figure of
this Rat, which we haue omitted becaufe it refembleth in all partes the common Rat, ex-
ceptingthe fnout or beake which is rounder & blunter.Among fome ofthe ancients alfo,
there is mention made of this beaft, and no more. Therfore Ariffotle faith in the Arcadian
Luz, which isa city fo called,(as Stephanus writeth,) where Malampus did wath the daugh-
ters of Proetus ,and deliuered them from their madneffe, There isacertaine fountaine
wherein do live Rats of the earth, (chey fhould fay Rats of the water) for hereunto agree
both Pliny and Theophraftus. Likewife in a riuer of Ca/inus ; theauncient wife-men, which
were followers of Zoroaftres, made great account of the Hedghog, but hated deadly the
water-rats, and faid, that he that could kil moftof them was moftdeareandacceptable to
God. And furthermore they faid,that dógsjhens;and hedghogsydid proceed; and were
attended from and by good angels, and water-ratsby euill. Andtbus muchthal fuffice
for the difcourfe of the Rat. The ftory which enfueth is of ftrange and leffe knowtie Mice,
and therefore I wil diftribute them afteran alphabiticall order; aceording cotheirfeneral
names. deu | | Of
$9
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16
26
39
49
“ss
Of the eAlpine-~Moufe
s He Alpine Moule taketh
/«| her name from the Alpes
359 wherein fheis bred;and al-
V
this being the principal thereof recei-
ueth denomination from the moun-,
taines,becaufe they are bred inthe ve-
ry tops ofthe mountaines, and fildom
or neuer come downto the roots. The
Italians cal it Marmota, and Marmont,
and according to Matheolus, Marmen-
tana,the Rhetians Moztazella, and in
fome part of Italy Yarrofa, in Fraunce
Marmote, although Marmot beaword
alfoamongthem fora Munkey. The
Germans and efpecially the Helueti-
ansbya corrupt word, drawne froma
moufe of the mountain, Murimelthier,
and Marmentle, and fome Mfibellerle
by reafon of hisfharpe whining voyce |
like alittle Dogs. In Zatine it is-called
alfo Emptra.which feemeth to be com-
pounded of Embdor,& this is the leaft
kind of Alpine Mice which is found in
all the German regions, of which wee
wil fpeakein the end of this ftory.Som
take this to be called Taxus, amongft
whom Bra//avolus isone,yet it hath no
property with the Alpine moufe, ex-
ceptlying in a Caue, for it doeth not
fleepe in the winter, nor hath no out-
ward.refemblance with mice, néither
can haue affinity in difpofition or ma-
ner ofliuing,& therfore I canot affent
thereto. Grapaldus and. Aluanns,both
learned Italians fay, that the Armeline
arecalled Alpine mice,wherunto they
ateled,becaufe they fleepe althe win-
terlong,likethe Alpine moufe 5 But
wee fhall (hew in their duc place; that
thefe belong to the weafils, and notto
the mice, which liuing in colde coun-
tries, growe white in the winter time:
the Hzbrew word is Saphan, acording
to fome Authors,andis tranflated Ar-
cktonim, but we will fhew in due place,
thatthe Adrcktomys is the Crycetus, or
Grycet-moufe, andthe Saphan we. haue
fhewedalready to bethe Cony.
“Bbb 3... ....Thefe
NWA ISSA
N \\ NN NN
N \ N | k
e Je
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551
Sie Se
- = E - — n — ———M : ——
= ayes See “ree Te - ———— EH
ATTE i E MEER DET EUR Ner PE ee peu 5
ae - xm 1 E : Z = z
SS ee
Sa MO
SS Er es Llc TU ee TX uns =
-
MEE De, pur Heer m1
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aer ARUM
552 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Thefe Alpin Miceare inthe tops ofthe Apenine hils, andnone of the Auncientes ex.
cept Pliny make mention thereof, and itis doubtfull whether he doeth deícribe it or no.
For his words are, Sant his Muribus Alpinis pares t in Eeypio fimiliten, refidunt in clumibus
€ binis pedibus gradiunter, prieribu[d,,vt manibus vtuntur , chat is to fay, there are mice
in Egypt liketo the Alpin Mice,for they fit vpontheir Buttocks, and goe with their fore-
moft two feer, which alfo they vfe infteed of hands by which we colle&,that they are no
the fame, butlike the Alpine mice.
The quantity The Alpine moufe is 1n quantity like a Hare, or at theleaft betwixt a Hare anda Co-
ofthis best. ny, being more far, and ofa thickez body then a Car, but fhorter legges in outward ap-
rallparcs, Pearance moftlikea moufe,andtherefore itis called an Alpine moufe. The backe of it is 10
very broad, andthe haire harder and harfher then a 'Conies.The colour for the moft part
is yellow, which in fome is more cleare, and in others more ob{cure and browne. Their
eyes ofareafonable quantity, ftanding farre out of their heads. Their eares very fhort like
cropteares. The head like a Hares, and their feet with long nails, his foreteeth ikea fquir-
rels,two aboue, and two beneath, butlong and (harpe like a Beuers, incolour yellowe,
about the nofeand vpper-lippes, he hath long-blacke-briftle- haires like a cat. The taile, is
halfeacubitlong, according to Stwmp/ius, buttwo palmes according to Agritola. “His
legges very fhort and thieke, couered withlong deepethicke haire, liketo the bottome
of his belly. n
The toes of his feetare likea Beares, and hisclawes long and blacke, wherewithall he
diggeth the earth to make his denne, he goeth vpon his hinder feete like a Beare, or like
an Ape, by iumpes, and with his forefeet he taketh his meat like à fquirrell & an Ape, fit-
ting in the meane time vpon his buttockes . His backeis alfo very fatte, alchoughall the
_ other parts of his body be leane,and yet that on his backe cannoi be faidto be far, but ra-
ther like a cowes vdder, neither fat nor fle(h; and they encreafe or grow more in bredth,
. theninlength. | " »
The defcripe Scaliger defcribeth them in this manner, a Marmot (faith he, for fo he tearmeth an AL-
ie P pine moufe in French) isa Beaft about the bigneffe ofa Badger, hauing haireand tayle
moufe. much like it, an d after the fame manner (hort legges; and little or no eares long, fharp,
firme, crooked, ftrong, and blacke clawes; which isnumbredamoneft the kinds of mice,
with whom it holdeth little correfpondence, except that like a fquirell it cakethhis meate
in the forefeet as with hands, and eateth fitting vppon histaile. They agree alfo with the
Dormoufe in their fleepe, for they paffe ouer winter fleeping.
Their teeth are like to the teeth of haresand mice,after that they are madetame;they
are not hurtfullto men or children, except they be prouoked.Being kept in houfes, they
willeat and gnaw all linen and woolen cloath, Thus farre Sealiger.But we haue (hewedal-
Theplaces ready thatthe outward appearance of it is like a moufeyand thac therefore it isfafer to fol-
of thei EE low Pliuy, Albertus, Matbaolus , Stumpfius and otliers; then his foleand fingular opinion;
guiarartin they keepeas we haue faid already in the tops of the mountaines wherein th ey make their
making their Cane with woonderfull art and circumfpe&tion, making two different paffages into their
Marhaolis
caue, denne, one aboue another a poleslength, which meete ia the middlelike'a forke;'or the
coniun&ion oftwo riuers or pathe-waies, making the feate oftheir-reft to be very deepe
in the Mountaine, andtherein they remaine, fiue, féauen, nine, or'eleuen ofthem toge-
ther. à PARE ain
M Theyplay many timesbeforethe mouth of their denne together; and in their f; port
T “or paftime, barke like little Dogges. When they goout of their cáneinto the mbuntaines
watch, to gather foode, or to playe, orto fetch in graffe; alwaiesone of them remaineth like a
" ‘Watchman neare the mouth ofthe caue vpon fonie high places] 6duibg Ta PETI»
and vigilantly, both farreand neare; and ifhe fee eyther manor wildeBeaft commin
towardes them, then hee fuddainely cryeth out, arid with his voice giveth tlie warnin
word, whining like the whifling ofa pipe, if his fellowes be farre off, ‘or elfe barkinie like a
Dogge ifthey be neare at hand. When the refidue heare it, they prefently repaire home,
and he which kept the watch, entereth into the denne laft of ail. Andit is reported by a
certaine Greeke writer, that if their fpeculator doe not giue them the watch-worde, bat
that they are endaungered by any man or Beaftethorough hisnegligence, they teare
him
~
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40
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Of the alpine Mi oufe.
him in pieces with their téeth. There is no beaft whichis fo ftrongas this, confidering the
quantity, for it hath beene feene that when a lufty young man tooke one of them by the
hinder leg as it raninto the den,he could not withall his might plucke it backe againe. The
clawes of itare exceeding (harpe, and fic to dig, fothat it is thought if aman find them in
the earth, andfeeke to take them by digging vnto them, he (hall labour in vaine, becaufe
the beaft diggeth fafter from him then he can follow her; they cannot run very faft in the
plaine ground, but are eafily killed by a man, exceptthey get into the earth : with their
teeth they bite deepe, for they can fhereafunder wood with them like Beauets, they eate
or liue vpon fruits,& efpecially being camed when they are young. They refufe not bread,
fle(h, fi(hyor pottage, and aboueall they defire milk, Butter,and cheele ; for inthe Alpes
they will breake into the little cottages where milk is kept, and areoftentimes taken in the
mannet fucking vp the milke , for they make a noife in fucking of milke like apig. In the
month of May they are much delighted to eate hornets, or horfeflies, alfothey feede vp-
on wilde Sagapen of the meddow, and feeded Cabages, and while they are wilde inthe
Mountaines they neuer drink, the reafon is as I fuppofe becaufe in the fummer time they
eate moift greene herbs, and in all the winter timethey fleepe.
Towards the feaft of Saint Michaell the Arch-angell, and of Gallus, they enter into their
caues, and as Pliny faith, they firftof all carry prouifion of Hay, and greene Hearbes
into their denne to reft vpon, wherein their wit and vnderftanding is to be admired, tor
like Beauersone of them falleth on the back, andthe refidue loade his belly withthe car-
riage, and when they haue laid vpon him fufficient, he girteth it faftby taking his taylein
his mouth, and fo the refidew draw him to the eaue, but I cannot affirme certainely, whe-
ther this bea truth ora falfehood. NOE,
Forthere is no reafon that leadeth the Author thereunto,but that fome of them haue
beene found bald on the backe. But this is certaine, when the Snow begins to couer the
Mountaines, then doe they eater into their dennes, and fhut vp clofe the paffages, with
Stickes, Grafle, and earth, both fo hard and fo thicke, that it is eafier to breake the folide
ground, then che mouthes of their Caues, and fo being fafely encluded both from the
feare ofthe Hunters, from Raine, Snow, and cold,there they liue vntillthe Spring w ith:
out all manner of meate and drinke, gathered round together likea Hedghogee, fleeping
continually, and therefore the people inhabiting the Alpes hauea common prouerbe,
to expreffe a drowfieand{fleepy fellow in the German tongue thus. Er muffe fynfyt gef-
chlaffen haben wie cin murmelthier, in Latine thus, 2ece//e habet certum, dermiendo, tempus
con]umere,in]lar muris Alpini He muft needes fleepe a littlelike the Moufeof the Alpes.
They fleepe alfo when they be tamed, but it hath beene found by experience, that when a
tame one hath beene taken afleepeand layd in a warme barrell vpon Hay, the mouth be-
ine fhutte and clofed tokeepe out Raine and Snow, atthe opening thereof itwas found
dead ; and the reafon was, becaufe it lacked breath, and therefore this it muftwonderfull
that in the Mountaines, notwithftanding the clofe ftopping of the mouth ofi their canes;
yet they fhould not bee depriued of refrigeration, that is frefh ayre, for expiration, and
EL uisi to be confidered, that after they baue beene long tamed sthey fleepe notío
muchas when the are wilde, for Ithinke that their continuall eating of. rawe and greene
Hearbes ,ingendereth in them fo many. humors as cannotbee difperfed without along
continuing fleepe, but afterwardes when they are dieted with fuch meate as is prouided
for che nourif(bmentofman, they are eafed of the caufe, and fo the effect ceafeth. During
thetine that they fleepesthey grow very fat, and they are not awaked very cafily, except
with the heat of the fun or fire, or ahot-houfe. Now the manner of their taking while they
are Wilde is thus. — | guy.
Inthe fümmer time when they. goe in and out of their caues, they are taken with
fnares fet atthe mouth thereof, but in the Winter time when they goe not abroad, then
thenaretheinhabitantsforcedto another deuife, for then in the fuüummer time, they fette
vp certainepillers or perches neare the mouth of their denne, whereby they may be dy-
kedted, when the fnow doth couer the mountaines. .
" For the Pillersor poles ftand vp aboue the fnow, although the Ínow bee very pore
en
$53
Stumfins
The ftrength
of this bealt,
Their vfaall
foedc.
Entranee inz
to their caucs
Their conti
nual fleepe al
the winter
time,
Growing fat
with fleepe.
The takingef
thefe beafts,
C EE E
Bagipeso iom
rag HET UE FI
|
|. I
TI
A T RE &
n í Y
LU i uu ff
1; MAT.
5 i um
nr ine,
Theirtaming
& condicions
inthe houfe.
Thefauing &
yfe of their
flefh,
The Hiftory of- Foure-footed Beafts.
Then come the inhabitants vpon round pieces of wood inthe middeft ofthe winter, faft-
nedto their (hooc-foles oucr the deepe fnow with their pyonersand diggers, and cafi a-
way the fnowfrom the den, and fo dig vp the earth, and not onely take the beaftes, but
carry chem away fleeping, and while they dig, they diligently obferue the frame and ma-
ner of the Ropping of the Moufes den. For it it be long and. deepe, itis afigne ofa long
and a hard winter, but if it be (hallowand thin, ofthe contrary,;f0 comming vpon them
as we hauefaide, they take them and carry them, away. afleepe, finding alwaies anodde — |
numbcramong them, and they diligently obferue, that whileftthey dig, therebeeno ~ |
great noife, or that they bring not their fire too near thé. For as Stump/ius faith, Experrecté |
enim capinon poljint, mam vt cing, firenue fodiat venator , tpfifodiendofimul & retrocedunt 1@ |
c pedibus quam effaderint ,teyram rey ciendofofforem impediunt. ‘Thats to fay, Ifthey bee
once awaked, they can neuer be taken, for howfoeuer the Hunter dig neuer fo manfully, — |
yet they together with him, dig inward into the mountaines,and caftthe earth backward |
with their feete to hinderhis worke. | |
Being taken as we baue faide,they growvery tame, and efpecially in the prefence of
their keepers,before whom they will play and fport, and take Lice out oftheir heads with
their forefectlike an Ape. Infomuchas thereisno beaflthat was euer wild in this part of
theworld, that becommeth fo tame and familiar to man as they , yet doe they alwaics liue
inthe hatred of dogges, andoftentimes bite them deepely, hauing themat any aduan-
tage, efpecially in the prefence of men, where the dogs dare not. rcfiftnor defend them- 29 |
felues. Wheathey are wilde. they are alfo killed afleepe, by putting of aknife into their
throate , whereat their forefeete ftirre a little, but they dye before they can bee awa-
ked.
Their blood is faued ina veffell,and afterwards the Moufe it felfe is dreffed in hot fcal-
white; nextto that they bowell chem, and take out their intrals: afterwards putin the bloud
againcinto their bellies,and fo feeth them or elfe faltthem, and hang them vp in finoake,
and being dreffed after they are dryed, they are commonly eaten in the Alpine regions
with Rapes and Cabiges, and their eth is very fat, nota fluxible or loofe fat like the fat
of Lambes, but a folide fat, like the fat of Hogs and Oxen. And the fleth hereof iscom- 36 |
ding waterlikea pig, and the haire thereof plucked off,and then do they appeare bald and
|
mended to be profitable for women with child, andalfo forall windineffe and gripings in 5/14
the belly, not onely the flefh to be eaten in meate, butalfo the fattobe annointedvpon — |j
the belly or Nauel: And for this caufeit is vfed to procure fleepe,and to ftrengthen decai-
ed and weake finnewes : the fleth is alwaies better íalted then fre(h, becaufe the fale drieth
vp the ouermuch humidity, andalfo amendeth the grauity and rankneffe ofthe fauour s
but whether it be falt, or whether it freth, it is alwaies hard to be digefted, oppreffing the
ftomacke, and heating the body ouermuch. ki
Theventricle or maw of the Moufe Alpine, isprefcribed tobe layed vpon the belly a-
themedicines gain ft the collicke. Ifthe hands ofa man beannointed with che fat of this beaft.it is faid he
of this beaft.
The deferip..
on of the
fhall be the betterableto endure cold al that day after : Alfo the fame fat being dtubke vp 40
in warme broath by a woman in trauaile, arebeleeued toaccelerate and haften her deli-
uery. ; | |
Pme Horfeleeches;in the cure of that difeafe which they callthé worms,which are
certaine vlcers rifing in the body, do mingle this fat with other medicines which are very
drying or {cepticke. And Mathaolus doth prefcribe it for the foftning and mollifieng of
contraéted nerues andioynts in thebody. ina ED !
By the difcourfeaforefaide, it doth appeare that of thefe Alpine-Mice, there aretwo
kinds, one great likeaBadger,andthe other in ftature of a Hare or cony:. This leffer fee-
Emptra or lit methito be proper to Germany, which there they call £bdor,of the Latinword Empera,
tle Alpine
Moule,
amoufe of the mountain. de: | jo
he ftory wherofI thought goodto expreffe being (hort out of Stumpjius and Agricola. |
The maleand females fay they of this kind, do gather together wilde corne whichgrow- . |
eth amongthe rockes in the fnmmer time againft the winter and carry the fame into the
holes ofthe earth where their lodgingis. . reci
| "Now
| ] Of the alpme-Moufe. — 525
| Now the female in this kind is crafty and more aptto deuouresthe male on the other-
| fide more thirfty and fparing, wherefore he driueth his female out ofthe denin the win-
ter time, and ftopeth the mouth of his caue;to forbid hir entrance,but fhe gecteth behind
the fame, and diggeth a fecret hole, whileft the male lyeth at the mouth afleepe, (he con- eAbbertus.
fumeth the whole ftere behind him, whereforein the {pring time fhe commeth forth ve-
ry fatand comely, andhe very leane. And therefore in my opinion, the makers of Em-
blems may very well difctibean vnthrifty wife, that confumeth her husbands wealth, by
the piéture of this female,as by the picture of the Affe behinde Ocsus, biting affundor
the cord that he weaueth,as we haue fhewd before in the hiftery of the Affe. Thefe beafts
t
qo giuethemfelues much to fleep,and when they areawake they are neuer ydle, but alwaies
|. carrying into their denne, firaw, hay, fticks, rags,or peeces of cloth, wherewith they fill
| — theirmouth fo ful, thatit may receiueno more,andif they meet with any thing which is
to big for their mouth; by the helpe of their feete, they draweand rowle it to their owne
denne. |
Whereas they arenourifhedtame in houfes, itis obferued ,thatthey area neate and
cleanly kind of beaft, for they neuer defile their lodgings with their excrements,but fecke
out fome fecret corner,whereinthey both render vrin,and empty their bellies. With their
teeth they gnaw wood, and make holes in bords, fo larg as their bodies may paffethrogh,
| and while they liue, they hauea very rankeand ftronge fauourlikea moufe, efpecially in
|,0 the Summer time while they are leane, and beforethey growe fat; for fuch isthe nature
|” ofthis beaft, that in the Summer time they labour and grow leane, butin the winter time
they {leepe, and grow fat-And thus much for the Alpine moufe,
A Lee
Tel ds
j b f-A M
: VAL
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
OF THE DORMOVSE.
NN
nnn
He Dormoufeis calledin Latin Gland in Greek Myoxes,
thereafon.of the Zatine name Glw,is taken from: gli/cere
which fignifieth co grow fat, according to thefaying of Co-
lumella, Paleis vero quibus fere omues regiones abundant , afia
nus elifcit, Thatisto fay,an Affe groweth fatte by eating
chaffe which aboundeth in all countries. "This word gli,
fienifieth not onely a beaft, buta peece of fatte earth and
andalfo a Thiftle, whereupon Sy/waticws made this veríe.
Glis animal,glis terra tenax ,lis lappa vocatur.
wr t cams Z9 | The Italianscallit,Ze,galero, Lo, gliero,or giero,the Spa-
niards Liron,the French likewife Ziez, and Rat:Livon, and Fxeloyer and Vegratvevl,the
Germans, Zin greul,che Heluetians;eim rell, or Rel mus yox Gros hafelmusbutour Englifh
Dormoufe, feemeth obe a compounded worde of Dormiens wus, that is, a fleeping
moufe. The Polonians call him Scurez. But concerning his name Myoxws, there is fome
queflion among the Authors. For Saint Jerom writing vpon the eleuenth chapter of Ze-
uiticus, andthe 66. Chapter of Efay, tranflateth Akbar the Hebrew word for a moufe,
glirem a Dormoufe, and he giueth this reafon, becaufe allthe countries of the Eaft,mea-
ning Gratia, doe fay,that Myoxus is a Dormoufe. And this Myoxus by Epiphanius in his
- Ancorot is alleadged to prooue therefurrection. Myoxus faith he, smimal femeftre mori-
gur C rurfus poft tempore fuarevivifjete-Lhe Dormoufeat halfe a yeere olde dyeth, and
after hir full time reuiueth againet Ard in his bookeagainfthercfies, he fpeaketh thus to
The defer Origen. Tradunt natura rerum expert, Myoxam, lauibére 5 fatus [uos fimul in eodem loce,
dor ot dhe multos parere : quinque cj amplius uper ds-antem Los enaris cr fiinucnerit totum latibu-
Dormoule um spfà vipera quum non poffet omnes deworaré,promnavicead [atietatem edit vnum aut
Piu duos, reliquorum vere otulos expungil COX EIbOS affert, exe ecato[que enutrit, donet voluerit
| qnunquem, eorum deuorare. Si vereentigerit Vt Aliq dnexperti in hos incidant , ipfofe [/
"The names
and reafons
thereof,
20
|
49
d T
S
in cibum fumant,venenum fibi ipfisfrfant, cos qui A'viper« veneno [unt enutritt. Sic ett~
am 6 tu Origines à Gracadoctrina mente vexcacatws,venention bis qui tibi crediderunt, eno-
»n[Hi,c» factus es ipfis in edulium venefiahm ytasvtper que ipfe iniuria affectus es, per ea
1 X Bote jo Pus d
x. ^ $
plus iniuria affiteris. )
The Philofophers which are cunning in the nature of things doe write that the Dor-
moufe doth lye hid, and bring forth many yoong ones in the fame place where helyeth,
fiue or more at a time, andthevipers doe huntthefeto deftroy them: now if the viper
finde their neft, becaufe (he cannot eate themallat one time at the firft, fhe filleth hir felfe
with one or two, and putteth out the eyes of the refidue, and afterwards bringeth them
meat and nourifheth them being blind, vntill the time that her ftomack ferueth her to eat
them euery one. Butif it happen that in the meane time, any man chaunce to light vpon
thefe Viper-nourithed-blinde-Dormife, and to kill & eatthem,they poyfon themf A
E nm throug
at
59
Of the Dor-monfe. 52.7
E through the venomwhich the viper hath leftinthem, fo fareth it withthee O Origem, for
| thouart blinded with the Grecians doétrin, & doft vomit out that poifon into their harts
| which do beleeuethee, thatthou art made vnto them a venemous meate, whereby thou
| doft wrong others, as thou haftbene wrongd thy felfe.
By which itis manifeft, that Myexus is neithera Toad nor a Frog, butthe Dormous.
And the charme whichis made for the Afles vrine,as wee haue (hewed already in his fto-
| ry, Gallus bibit C non meijet , Myoxus merjet , & non bibit. The cocke drinketh and maketh phe:
| not water, the Dormous maketh water and neuer drinketh. But whether itbetrue orno & drinke not
that fhe neuer drinketh, I dare not affirme : But this is certain, that fhe drinketh but very
10 fildome;andit ought to be no wonder that fhe (hould make water , fortame Conies, as
longas they can feed vpon greene hearbes, do render abundance of vrine, and yet neuer
drink. The Gracians alfo docall this beaft E/ayos, although that word dolikewife fignifiea
Squirel.In Mafia awood of Italy, there is neuer founde Dormous, exceptat tle time of
theirlittering. oh oe
| : : : s . : . € quantit
| Theyarebigger in quantity then afquirrel,the colourvariable,fomtimes black, fomtimes (5,5, 1542
grifled,fometimes yellowe on the backe, but alwaiesa white belly, hauing a {hort haire, ucrall partes,
andathinner skinne then the pontike moufe.They arealfo to be found in Helwetia, about
Clarona.Ivis a biting and anangry beaft, and therefore fildometaken aliue. The beake or
{nowt islong, the cares fhort and pticked, the taile fhort, and not very hairy at the ende.
20 The middle of thebelly fwelleth downe betwixt the breaftand theloyns, whichare more
narrowand truffed vp together, they are alwaies very fat, and for that caufe they are cal-
led Lardireni. f
Bucke-maft is very acceptable meat vnto them, and doth greatly fatten them, they
are much delighted with walnuts, they climbe trees, and eat Apples, according to fome,
(but Albertus {aith more truely,) thatthey are more delighted with the iuyce then with
the Apple. Forit hath bin oftentimes founde; thatvnder Appletrees, they hauc opened
much fruite,and taken out of it nothing but thekernels, for fuch is their wit and policie,
that hauing gathered an Aple, they prefently put itin the twift ofatree betwixt bowes,
and fo by fitting vponthe vppermoft bough preffe it affunder. They alfo grow fat by this
3o means. rri * | jit jh | /
Inauncient time they were wontto keepethem in coopesor tunnes,andalfoinGar- — ^
dens paled abeutwithboord, where there are beeches or Wal nuttrees growing;and in ete ey
fome places they haue a kind of earthen potte, wherein they putthem with Wal-nuttes, Doc
Bück-raaft; and Chefüets.And furthermore it muft be obíerued, that they muft be pla-
. cedinromes convenient forthemto breed young ones, their water muftbe very thinne, |
becaufe they vfe not to drinke much, and they alfolouedry places... |
‘Titus Pompeins (as Varro faith) did nourifh a great many of them enclofed,and fo a]-
fo Herpinus ivi his park in'Gallia.Itisa beaft wel faid to be Aaimal Semiferum,a creatur half
wilde;for if you fet forthem: hutches, and nourifh them in warrens togethet, itis obfer-
ued, thar they neueraffemble, but Sich asare brede in thofe places : Andif ftraungers
come among themwhicharefeperated from them, either by a mountaine, or by ariuer, Seciery ana
they difcry them, and fight with them to death. isd es
S : They noüritb their parentsin their old age, with fingular piety. We haue fhewed al- Pliny,
ready,howethey are deflroyed by the Viper, and itis certaine, thatall ferpenteslicin
wait for them. Their old age doth end euery winter. They are exceeding flecpy ,and there-
ti fore Martial faith: Pa Sn "$do Ds |
D usu | -Sonmitulofos illi porrigit glires. |
They grow fat by fleeping;and therefore Au/onins hath an elegant verfe ;
Dele sc o DÉéeseelfante cibo,fomno quis eprmier eft ? glis? |
Becaufeit draweththe hinderlegges after it like a Hare, it is called Asimal tractile, for it
goeth by.iumpes and little leapes.In the wintertime they are taken in deepe ditches that
are made in the woods, couered ouer with {mall ftickes, ftraw, and earth, which the cun-
trymendeuife to take them whenthey are afleepe.At other times they leap from tre€tO The meanes
tt&e like Squirrelles, andthat they arekilled with arrowes as they goc from boughto a take thefe
bough, efpecially inhollowe trees : for when thehunters finde their haunt bad: they PE
odge
Their food,
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Ic Aoi. vA
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a A Ec
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ac
The vfe of
the fleth of
thefe mice.
Pliny
Marcellus
Sexius
Pliny
AMarcellur
. thofe whicharetroubled with a palfieor fhaking of the ioynts. The skinne and inward |
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
lodge, they ftop the hole inthe abfence of the Dormoufe, and watch her turne backe a-
gaine:thefilly beaft finding her paflage clofed, is bufied handeand foote to openit for
entrance,and inthe meanefeafon commeth thehunter behind herandkillethher. In 7
Tellina they are taken by this meanes: The countrimen going into the fields, carryeth in
their hands burning torches in the night time,which whé the filly beaft perceiueth,with
admiration thereof flocketh to the lights whereunto when they were come, they were fo |
dafeled with the brightneffe thatthey were flarke blinde, and might fobee taken with
mens hands. |
Thevfeofthembeingtaken was, to eat their flefh, for in Rhetia atthis day they fale it
and eat it, becaufe it is {weet and fat like (wines fieth. Aumianus Marcellinus woondereth at 1@ | 2!
the delicacy of his age, becaufe when they were at their tables,they calledfor ballaunces — |
to weigh their fifh, and the members of the Dor-moufe, which was not done (faith hee)
without anye diflike of fome prefent, andthinges not heretofore vfed, are now comen-
ded daily. Appitius alfo prefcribeth the mufcles and le(h inclofed of them, taken out ofe-
very member ofa Dormous, beaten with pepper, Nut-kernels,Parcenippes,and Butter,
ftuffedaltogether into the belly of a Dormous, and fewed vp with thread, andfo bakedin
an Quen, orfodin a kettle;to bean excellent and. delicate difh. And in Italy atthis day
they eat Dormice (faith Celius,yyetthere were ancientlawes:among the Romans,called
Leges cenforie, whereby they were forbidden to eat Dormice, firange birds,(hel-fith,the — |
neckes of beafts,and diuers fuch other things.And thus much fhalfuffice for the defcrip- 20 |);
tion of the Dormoufe.
_ Lhe medicines of the Dormoufe.
Dorm yfe being takenin meate, doemuch profit againftthe Bulimon; The pow- |)
der of Dormyfe mixed with oylejsüioth heale thofe which are fcalded with anyhotlic- — || )
ker. A liue Dormoute doth prefently take away all warts being bound thereupon; Dor- — |
myfe, and field-mice being burnt, and their duft mingled with hony; will profit thofe — | |
which defire the clearneffe of the eyes, if they doe take thereof fome fmall quantitie 29 |
euery mornirig. The powder of a Dormoafesor field moufe rubbed vponthe eyes help-
eththe aforefaid difeafe. A Dormoufe being flead; roafted and annointed withoylejaand — |
fált; being given in meate, is an excellent cure forthofe thatare (hort winded.Thefame —
alfo doth very-effe&ually healethofe that fpit out filthy matter or corruption, Powder
of Dormice; of fielde-mice; or yoong wormes,being mixed with oyledoth heale thofe
that hauekibes on their heeles, orchilblaines on their hands. The fatte of a Dormoufe,
the fatteof ahen,and che marrowofan Oxe melted together and being hotjinfufed into
the eares, doth veay much profit both the painesand deafeneffe thereof. «S
The fatte of Dormice beingboyled;as alfo of field-mice, are deliuered to:besmoft — |:
profitable for the efchewing of the palfie. The fat of « Dormoufeis alfo very excellentfor 49 |
parts of a Dormoufe being taken forth, and boyled with hony'in.a new veffell; arid after-
wards powred into an other veffell, will very cffc&ually healeall difeafesiwhich are inci-
dent to the eares {being anointedthereupomT heskinne ofa Dormoufe or a filke worme
being pulled off,andthe inward parts thereof being boyled inva newibrafen veffell! with
hony, from the quantitie of 27.ounces euen tothree,and fo kept,that when there isinced,
ofa certaine bathing veflell, che medicine being made warme and powted intothe eares,
doth helpe all paines; deafereffe ;orinflammation of the cares. T hefacóf.a Dormoufe
is commended to bevery medicinableforthe:aforenamed difeafes The fame is profi-
table for all paines, aches, or griefes in thebelly.. The vrine ofa Dorinoufeisanexcellent so |.
retnedy againftthe palfie, And thus much (hallfuffice concerning the medicinall veruues ||
of the Dormoufe. VEG BW 3500 5315l MER EO RUE: |
| sword riw billions ved: 3 i: silosiupe aah
|
]
Of the Hamefter-moufe. | 529
Oftbe Hamefter, or (C. vien. the firft fioure taken.
oos by Mychaell Horus. figure ton
The fecond pitture taken by Lobn Kentmant, and it
20 isher fafbion and portratlure to le thus
when [Le is angrysfor fo doth her colaur
Hoi .. appeare both an the backe and
sinit b iab | belly. v
3
= His beaftis called in Latine Crycetus, and ia the Germaine
toung Hamefler yTraner and Kernfaerle bats piggs of the The names —
corne. [tis a little bea ft not much bigger thea;a, Rat,dwel-
ing inthe earth of the rootes of corhe;fhe is not drawne a-
gainft her wil out ofher-caueat any time, but by powring The defi
hot water orfome other lickor: Bae head of itis of diuers tion, F
colours, the backe red, the belly white, and the haire. ftic-
keth fo faft to the skin; chat itis eafier to pul the skin- from
the fle(h,then any part ofthe haire ftam the skin. It isbut
: a little Beaft as we hauefaid;but very apcto bite and fight,
and ful of courage and theretore hathireceiued frorà nature thisornament and defence,
‘eo that it hath a bonie helmet, couering the head and the brainewhenit ftandeth vp, vppon.
the hinder legges : Ic refemblethbothin colour and proportiona Bear, Audfor this caufe (4 as
fome writers haue interpreted it to bethe beaft called Aréozzys;.chus.defcribed by Saint mys)
Jerom.It isa creature (faith he) abounding in the regions of Pa/afJipa, dwelling alwaies in
the holes of rockes and'caues of theearth, not exceeding the quantity ofa Hedgchogge,
and ofa compounded n vcnit anda Beate. ivo sso ona E
th (ANM whatmrweo ce WM, AWAD | aD ue
-
AX AE A d - ] e IAM ^
WU
530
"The voracitt
otthe Cri-
Cetus,
The making
of his den,
" tation whereinto he dig geth many holes, winding and turning euery way,that{o he may
_ diggethe earth he may find his lodging with more difficultie. In the harueft time he car-
The Hiftory of Poure-footed Beafts.
- But we haue fhewedalready, that this is the Alpine mous, and therefore wee will not
ftand to confute it here. The name Crycetws {eemesto be derived ftom the Miran word,
which we readin Gelesigxo be Skuzecziek:this beaft{aith he,is common in the Northern
parts of the world, and alfo in other places, in figure,and {hape, itrefembletha Beare,in
uantity it neuer exceedetha great Sorex. Ithatha fhort taile,almoft like no taile,it goeth
vpon twolegs, efpecially whenitis mqpued to wrath. It vfeth the fore-feete in fieadeof
hands, and ifithad as much ftrength, as it hath courage, it would be as ficrcefullas any
7 Beare. For this litde beaftis not afraidetoleape into the hunters face, although itcan doe
no great harme, either with teeth or nailes. Itis an argument thatitis exceeding hot,be- |
caufe it is fobold and eager. In the vppermoft chap, it hathlong and fharp teeth, grow- 160. |"
ing two by two. It hathlarge andwidecheekes, which they alwaies fill; both carrying in,
andcarryingout, they eate with both, whereupon a deuouring fellow füch aone as Sza-
firmus a feruant to Plautus was, is called Crycetus ja Hamfter, becaufe he filleth his mouth
well,and is no pingler at his meate.
The fore-feete are like a Moulds, fo fhort,but notaltogetherfo broad, with them he
digeth the earth, and maketh his holes to his den, but when he diggeth fofar as he can-
not cafttheearth out of the hole with them, then hecarrieth it foorth in his mouth.
His den within he maketh large, to receiue corne, and pronifion of fruite for his fuften- |
befafe both againft beafts that hunt him, and neuer be killed in his den; And alfo ifaman 29 >
rieth in graine of all forts,and my Author faith, Neque minus iu cohigendo induftrins, quam
in cligendo, conferuandoque eft afbutus optima enim repetiit. Hc is no leffe induftrious in the
athering of his prouifion, then crafty and pollitike inthe choice, and keeping it, for it
ice vp the beft; and left that it fhould rot vnderthe earth, it biceth off the fibres and taile
of the graineJaying vp the refidue amongft graffe and ftübble.
It lies gaping ouer his gathered graine, cuen asthe couetous manis defcribed in the
Satyre fleeping vpon his money bagges. It groweth fatte with fleepe like Dormice, and
Conies. The holes into the caue are very narrow fo that with {fliding out and in, they wear
their haite. The earth which commeth out of their holes doth not lieon heapes like mole- 39 | ;
hils, but is defperfed abroad, and that is fitteft forthe multitude oftheholes, andallthe =
holes and paffages are covered with earth : but that hole which forthe moft partfhego- —
ethoutat, is knowneby afoote-pathe, andhath no hinderaunce in it, the other places at
which the goeth outare more obfcureandhid, and thee goeth out of them backwardes. — | |
'Themale and femal do both enhabitin one caue, andtheir younge ones being brought
forth,they leauetheirold den and feekethem out fome new habitation. In the male there
js this perfidity, that when they hauc prepared al their fuftenance and brought itin, hee
doth (hut out the female, and fuffereth her not to approchnie it, who reuengeth his per-
fidioufaes by deccipt. For going into fome adioyning caue, fhe doeth likewife pertake e 1
the fruitswhich were laid vp in ftoreby fome other fecret holeinthe caue,the maleneuér 49!
perceiuing it. | ME AM 0 Po carina: ya
So that nature hath wonderfully forefeenethe pouerty of al'creatures : neither is it o-
therwife amongftmé for that which they canot do by equity they perform by fraud. This
alfo commeth in the fpeech ofthe common people.againft one that wil thriue/The yong
country W enches concerning this matter, dochauntout averfenot vapleafant, whichl
am contented to expreffe in Iambickes; confifting offourefeet: 75 3 10/6 $3
gramefler ipfecumfua 0000 Sed facminis quis infitam? F
Prudens catufg,coninge | coFineant deli aflutiam? — ~~ y
- Stipat sri pluribus Nonum parans cunieulum. 2 |
0 77 per tempus antrumfrugibus «°° Furatur omne tritieum. °. lant! ai addo go UM
v^ 'pofsitque foliscot frui, Egens maritus perfidam
Lett is aceruis bordei Quarit per antraeoniugent, ie.
\Anarus autre credulam Nee fe repellat blandulss-...—. 5:31.
' Extrudit arte contugem 5 <<“ Bemnleit inuentam [unsy; 0 20108 ot
Seruajnquit , exiens, foras, ..— lllee[fe iam communta SOD Bae iai
Celi ferena Cr pluvias, Seruata dum finitbona. —— E
Of the Hamefter-monfe. sib
At perfidus multiplices Rur[as fruuntur mutuis
Opponit intus obices. Antris, cibis amplexibus.
This beaft doth deuoure all kinde of fruite,and if he be nourifhed in a houfc he eateth H's eve
bread and fle(h: he alfo hunteth the fielde mice. When hetaketh his meate, he raifeth ~ pao
himfelfe vpen hisfore feete : heisalfo wont with his forefeete to ftroake his head, eares,
and mouth, which thing the Squirrell andthe Cat docalfo , and as the Beauer among-
eft thofe creatures whichliueas wellby water, as by land: but although in hisbodie he :
feemeth but fmall, notwithftanding he is by nature apt to fight and very furious be-
re ing prouoked, with his carriage in his mouth : he beateth away with both his feete thar
whichrefifteth him, dire&ly inuading his enemie : In the fpirite and affaulting of his The anger &
mouth he is wayward and threatning, from whence our countreymen were accuftomed aer =
| to fay of any one which was angry, he breatheth his wrath outof his mouth likea Ham-
| fter: Du fprueff vuie ein bamfler : neither isheeafily affrighted although he be far vne-
quall vnto thofe in (trength with whom he is in combate. - EZ
Wherefore fome doe giue it in the place ofa Prouerbe, thatour Countreymen doe
calla man which is madly raf Ezz tollen hamfteras foolehardy as a hamfter. He flieth from
| any onethat doth fharply refift him , and doth greedily follow atter them that flie from
him. I my felfe faw one of thefe who by affaulting a horfe gat him by the nofe, and would
I. $e neuer leauchis holde vntill he was killed with a fword: Heis taken by diuers meanes,for :
| he is expelled either by hot water powred into his den; or is chóaked within, or being 2 iria
diged vp with a mattocke or fpade heis killed; or by dogges.He is fometimes pulled out beat.
by the Foxe, or hurt : or oppreffed by fomefnarea great waight being put abcutit, orto
| conclude he is taken by Art aliue, andthat in the nighttime, when he goeth tofeeke his
prey, for in the day time for the moftpart helyeth hid. ^ ^. »
d Before his vfuall caue (as I haue faid) he is taken by the path which is worne,by a pot
| ! - whichis put intotheearth, andafterward made plaine about it like other places of the
fielde: there is earth caftinto the bottome of the pot to the deepeneffe of two fingers,
aboue every where-couering the pot there is placeda ftone, which is helde vp by a peece
ao of wood, to which there is bound belowa fragment of bread: Inthe {pace betweenethe
caue andthe pot there are crumes of bread fcattered which he following and leaping in-
tothe por, the wood falling he is taken. Being taken after the manner of other beattes,
he toucheth no foode. Ifa broad ftone, fuchan one with which they couer pauementes,
or of which they make roofe-tiles fhallbe ioyned vnto the pot, andthe beaft betaken, he
will be very hardly knowne inthe morning, forthe fpirit of the beaft being (hut in, and
waxing wroth, pearcing for thineffe doth moiften the ftone. The skins of Hamfters are ve-
ry durable,ot whichthere are certainelong coateswhich come downe vnto the heeles the ye of
| and divers coülored cloakes made, which the woman of Mifeza and Sile/ia doe vfe, and their skins.
| accountthem very honorable, of a blacke and red coulour,with broad gards or edges tof
| go theskinnes of Otters : thefame coatesare forthe moft part valluedat.cthe price offitteenc
LI ortwentie Rezenfías crownes: for it doth out-weare in length: three or foure garments
Hl madeeitheroflinnen,orwollencloath. ^oi c
| In Turingia and Mifena this beafl is frequent, notwithflandingnot inall places, for
D. in Taringia his chiefeftabode is about Efurdanus, and Salcenjis in Mifena, about Lipfia,
| andthe field Pegen/is, the plentifulleft and moft fertileft places of both thofe regions.
|| In Zefatiaabout Radeburge heis diged outof theplaceswherepainick growerh:At Mal?
bergeand Albis, heisfound inthe -Vine-yardes, for he isalfo fed with Tipe grapes. Our
countrey-men are wonttoburnealiuing Ham/fer in a potbeing fhut for the inedicines:
of horfes. Ithath beene feenethat one of thefe hath leaped vp and caughta horfe by the
| so nofe, neuer letting gochis hold vntill (he was cutoff with'afword. The-skin is of three
| or foure different colours, befides the {potted fides, and therefore the skinne is very
pretious. They abound in Tringia where the foile is good, and thereis alfo great ftore
of erainc. SOWA ShiOl 9195 | |
, » * - "
vd «Gee ziuit 3 d^ns wf
>.
LJ
t
53*
The name,
defcription
and difpofici
on.
Agricola.
Genelitis.
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafls.
OF THE NORICIAN MOVSE.
He Morician moufeis calledin Latine Citellas, and it kee-
peth like the wilde mice in the caues and dens of the earth.
The body islike toa Domeftical Weafils, long & flender,
the tailevery fhort, the coulour of the haireliketoa gray
Conies, but more bright. It wanteth eareslike a mole, but
reth the found, as you fhalfee in many birds. Theteeth are
like the teeth of mice,and of their skinnes ‘although they be
not very precious)they vfeto make garments.In Germany
they cal it Pile and Zi(el,and ofthis Germaine word wasthe
Latine Citellus feigned ; and itappeareth by Agricola, that there are two kindes of thefe ;
one greater, whichare cald Zy/el/andZ cifeile,and another leffer (called Pile) which may
bethe fame that is alfo called Bilchmu//, and differeth from other, becaufe itis vfed for
meat. Thefeare bred in Croatia, and in the countrey about Vennice.They hauea frange
- fmelor favour which is faid to be hurtfulto the head: They eat both faltedand hung in the
Olaus mag :
egricola
{moke, and alfo frefhand new killed. Withtheir skins they edge the skirts of garmentes, ?
for it is as (oft as the skin ofa Hare : and befide the common nature of mice they areta-
med.They alfo haue very large cheekes, whereinto they gather an innumerable quantitye
of graine, and carry it into their den as it were in baggesagainftthe Winter. “They line
thirty and fourty together in a caue,andare not driven forth butby infufion of hot water.
They gather great {tore of Nuts into their caues and therefore afwel as for their flefh do
men hunt and feeke after them.
Ae “worn. #4 He name ofthismonfeis giuenvnto it from the Ifland out of which
$4 Atty) MEQ it was firfebroughe,named Pontus sand for this cavfeitisalfo called
SX
Fenicus ; becaufe it was firft of al broughtinto Germany from Venice.
uU Itis calledalfo Varius by Jdorus, from whencecomtneththe Ger-
$$ man word uirek,fromthe diuerfity-ofthe colour Gram vuerck.]t is
y caldalfo. Pandtinn (fas it wer Poticus musor rather of Bandt,becaufe
de INC ve théy wer wontto bebronghtin bundles to be foldfifty togither, and
C Sew theywere folde for twenty Groates, olaterranns, and Hermolaus
. are of this opinion, that the white ones in this kinde, bee called of the Italians 4r-
mellines, andby the Germaines Hermelin, but wee haue. promifed already to prooue
that
it hath open paffages infteade of cares, wherewithall it hea- *
e
o
.OF THEMOVSEPONTIQVE....
50
at. Dex ax
Of the. Pontique eMoufer. | 523
»
| that Bermelin isalind of Weatell, whiclinthe winter time is white} by.reafon of extrea-
E mity of coldyandin the fummerreturnetliintoher colouragains like as do the Hares of
1 the:Alpes; This PohtiqueMoufe differe th: from. others onely in colour; for the-white is
| iningledwithrathcolourybrelfeitis fandyxind blacke; aüd.in: Pollowiaacthis day they are
foundred'aüd:atb- colour/Their rwolowertizoft recth before are very long ,& when it go-
échyitidráweth the raileafteriitlike miceywhenit cátédvitvfeth rhe forefeetinftead ofhads,
| — andfeedeth vpon Walnuts, Chefnuts, Filbeards,fmal Nuts,Apples,and fuch like fruits.
Tuthe'wirter time théy takeffeep in flexd of cate i Ariditis to bee remiembred that the
| '«: Palomians haue foure kind’ of pretious skitts of Micec which they vfein: their Garmentes,
Ibo diftinguithed by foire fenerall names; Ehefit(tof grifell colour called Pepieliza.'The fe-
| cond is:calldd:Gréne/thad, avery white bealtallouctsexceptthesip of the mile whichis al
blacke ;anid.this isthe-Zàrmeliao «5550 yd nsi 19153 (25 bod 13691330 th! oid sri
"Ehe thirdis: called A(z2erodelafróm thé name ofasTdwne, and thisis white mingle
| witlgrifell,andthisisalfoakind of Péntike MoufeeTheg. Fuiennoskesota bright Chef-
nuit colourjavdthis is thé Sqitirrell,forithey call Squirrels; VWealels,and Herzen alby
the name of mice. Thefe Pontique Mice hauetecth on bothfides,and chewthe cud. In
the winter timeas we haue faid they lie and fleepe, efpecially the white ones, and their
fence of taft doth excelalother(as Pliny writeth,)they build their nefts and breedlike com-
Ernie.
Mis f
| 2o Their skins are fold by ten together, the two
B) 30 ourminds. — Sie — =
| Befide, there is a flying Ponticke or Scy
| thian Moufe, which we may callthe broad-
| Squerrell-Moufe, whofe skinne is heer ex-
| preffedas you may { ce, and for the difcrip-
| tionthereof, Ihauethought goodtoadde
an Epiflle of Antonius Schnebergerus the :
Lituanian of Vilna vnto Gefner, in thefe wor
des following :' Word T
| fend vnto thee alittle skin, the vpper
| o Placeofthe haires thereof being of a white
p? afh-colour, but the roote of the haire er in-
ner part thereof,isa blackebroune. They .
cal] it Popyelyeza Latayacna, that is,A Pontique-flying-Moufe : It isalwaiesfo moy ftthac
| itcanneuerbe dreffed by the Skinner, or Lether-dreffer. jene
The people vfe itto wipe fore running cies, hauinga perfwafion that there is inita figular
RORIS mec Lig d
vertue for the eafing and mitigating of thofe paines :;butl thinke thattlie foftneffe was the l QUT
| fiift caufe which brought inthe firft vie therof,but ifthe haires do not cleaue hard to the eh MNT .
| skin, it cannot be done without danger. Alfo tac haires hanging asit werein a round cir- TEM i
| cleagainft oraboue the two former feete, they call wings, wherwithall they are thought l Mo
| «to llyftom tree to tree. Thus far Antonius .Ge[ner after the receite of thefe skins;being wil- AN cd
| 5 ling to preferuethem from mothes,becaufe they were raw.for experience fake gaue them B i
| toa leather dreffer, who prefently dreffed them with Vineger and the Lecf: eof VV yne, ih
| fo that it appeareth the Skinners of Litrwania had not the skill how to dreffe it. p UM
| After they were drefled they were fo fofte that they flretched aboue meafure, fo "it MM lu
| that euery one of them were {quare,thatis to fay, their length and breadth were equall, * AERE D
| Cec:3 for i ) UM |
ROM
| m |
| abr d
DOM ]
DELE
534. The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts. E
fot they were two palmes or eight fingers broade:and'be morelin length, thehead and:
taileéxcepted, wherefore it may well be called afquare Moule, or erus quadratus; bes
caufe weare fure ofthe former, butnotof theflying; thetaile'was aslong a$ foure óffiue
fingers ate broad; being rough like the taile of other Squirrelssbue -befet.withblackeand
white haires, the whole colour both of the bellyand vpper:iarte was whitifinas:we haue
faid, but blacke vnderneath; the hair is fo foftasany filke,aird: therefore dit forthe vífcio$
i , the eies. MOR SQL) 224 TM ar Be bis es iod tex nie VV nod tiabas! :
Du The eares fliorterand roundetthena Sduirrelss:thefeetesdid: not:appearevybyithé — |
oW | | spin ‘the neather part. was diftinguifhed from.thevpper part; by:a certaine:vifibleling, pq |
TO wherein did hang certain long haires which by their roughnes and folidity vmdér.thethin 5, |!
Em and broad frame of theirbody;-might muchhelpthem toflie,cuen asbroddfifhes {wim *
dd by the breadth oftheir bodies, rather then by the help oftheirfins. The Heluetians wear
t chefe skins'incheir garmentes. It is reported by elzanus, that the inhabitantes of peazus
m by making fupplication to their Gods,did auert and turn away tberage of Mice from their
Wn cornfieldes,as the Egyptians did,as we haue faidbeforc in the ftory ofthé vulgar Moufe.
r
]
| ) l ~ m "a
AI ""23ü DUE () hy l ryt fats ! VE i% ony Y E: your id 2 te
p 1102 5 TNNT ! hy Sew n Lies rini
[ovt
OF THE MOVSE CALLED
the Shrew, or theerd-Sbrew. :
290 4
ss
=
39
He word Hanaka ofthe Hebrewes remembred in the r1.
chap. of Lemitzicus, is diuerfely interpreted by the tranfla-
tors,fome cal ita reptile beaft which alwaiescryeth:fome 40 | ^i
areptile-flying-beaft, fomea Horfe-leach, or bloud-fick-
er, fomea Hedghog, and fomea Beauer,as we haue fhew-.
edbefore inthe Hedghog. But the Septuagints tranflate tt
Mygale, and S. Zerom Mus aranens, thatis,a Shrew. Dio-
Jcorides calleth it Miegale. The Germans and Heluetians j
cal it Mutzer, in fome partes of Germany, from the figure
ofthe {nout it is called spiszimus, by fome Ziffmuff, from
oice,aud fo me Groff Z1//muff.
The Hollanders call it Moll muffe, becaufe it refembletha Mole. Marbaelus for the Itali-
ans cal it Toporagno, that isa Mole-Shrew. TheHeluetians cal it Bifem-muff,thatis aMuske- $9. |,
moufe, becaufe it being dryedina furnace fmelleth like muske. The skin pulled fromthe ——— |
fleth, fmellethbeft by itfelte, and yet the flefh fmelleth well alfo,and {fo doe the excre-
ments. But to returne to the Greeke name whyit fhould becald Mygale, thereis not one
opinion amongft the learned : but I do moft willingly condefcend to the opinion of de-
sius who writeth that it is called 245e4le, becaufe in quantity it exceedeth nota Moufe, and
ye
Of the Shrew-moufe. — 535
yetin colour itrefembleth a Weafell, and therfore itis compounded of two words Mi/,
.& Meufe,and Galena weafell. Amyntas isof opiionthat it is fo called, becaute itis begot
-betwixt:a Moufe anda VVeafel , butthis is neither true nor probable.
; Foris it likely. that Weafels and Mice will couple together in carnall copulation,
whofe natures are fo contrary, the one living vpon the death ofan other,that is the wea:
| feli vpon the Moufe? And beiidethe difference of quantitie betwixt them, maketh it ime
| poffible to haue fuch a generation. The other deriuation of Migale, which is made by
| Redelphus writing vpon Letitieus fetching Mygalefrom Mus eulofus chat isya devouring
| Moude; itis againft the order ofall good Linguifts, to deriueGreeke words from Latin,
| ‘ve butrather confonant tolearning,to fetch the Zatine from the Greeke. 9
| ‘us Thereiis no lefleinquiry aboucthe Latine name, whye it fhould be called Mas ara-
neus {ecing araneafignifieth a-Sp{der. This Moufe faith Albertus,isared kinde of Moufe
| hauing afmalltaile; afharpevoice;andis full of poyfon, or venome, For which caufe
| Catsdockillthem,bur doe not eate thems. sipentinus writeth thus, of this Shrew. Mas ara-
| peus , exiguum animal, at d leuifrimum. eft, quod arane mado tenuifimum fium, cb glady
aciem concendit. Thatis tofay, this Shrew moufe is a little and light creature, which like
a Spider climeth vp vpon any fmallthreed, or vpon the edge of a fword : and therefore
you fee, they deriue the Latin name from his climing like a Spider. | |
But in my opinion it is morereafonable, to deriue it fromthe venome and poyfon
| '»e which it containeth in it likeafpider. For which caufe Syluaticuswriteth thus, Magali id
| :effydrato marinus; & animalvenemo[fum,pufillum muri fimiles nam & araneum prfcem,
propter venenum pungentibus in[ itum [pinis, veteres ophim, id eff. [erpeutesa nominarunt, d
bodie quam vulgo draconem vel dracenam. That isto fay, there is a fifh of the Sea, and a
little beafton the earth like a Moufe,which by a generall wordare called Mugale, aad the
Apider fith calledatthis day a Dragon, or Dragonift, was ia auncient time called a Ser-
pent, becaufe by his prickly finnes, lie did poyfon thofe which were ftrucken by him.
| Andconcerning the defcription of this beaft, it may be taken from thewords ofan aun-
cient Englifh Phifition, called Doctor Wiliam Turner.
Ihaueícene(faith he) in England, the Shrew-Moufe of colour blacke, haning a taileve-
49 ty fhort, and her fnout very long and fharp,and from the venomous biting of this beaft,
we hauean englifhi prouerb or ímprecation,I be throw thee, when we curfe or wifh harm
vnto any man,that is,that fomefuch euil asthe biting of this Moufe may come vpon him.
The Spaniardes call this bea ft Raton Pequemno, the lllirians Viemed kamys, andthe Polo-
mias Kerit. They were wontto abound in Britany,as Hermolaus writeth.
They are alfo plentifullin Italy beyond the mountaines Apenine, but not on this
fide (as Pliny writeth) yet inthe hither partes of Italy and Germanie , there are many
founde, efpecially in the countrey neere Trent, in the valey Avamia, whete this is
| admirable, that by reafon of the coldnes of that countrey their bitings are not venomous. samonicus.
| For the Scorpions there atenot venemous;although in other places of Italy they poifon
|) 40 deepely. This beaftis much leffe hen a Weafel, and of anafh colour, in moft placeslikea
moufe,altheughthe colour be not alwaies conftant. Vegetins.
Theeyes are fo (mal, and beneath the proportion of her body, that it hath not been vn- eei
iuftly doubted of the auncientes whether they were blinde or no, butin their beft eftate
their fight is very dul. And forthis caufe the auncient Egyptians did worfhippe it : for as
they held opinion thatdarkenes was before light, fo they deemd chat the blind creatures.
were better thenthefeeing. And they alfo beleeued that in the waine of the moone the li-
uer of this beaft confumed.It hath a long and fharpe fnowt like a Mole, that fo it may be
apttodig. Thetecthare very fmall, butfoas they fland double in their mouth, for they
hauefoure rewes of teeth, two beneath, and two aboue,which are not onely apparant by
& so their defe&ion or anatomy, but alfo by their bitinges, for their wounds are Quadruple,
| wherefoeuer they faften their teeth. Theirtaile is flenderand fhort. But the defcription
of this beaftwas betterapprehendedby Ge/zer atthe fight of oné of them which hee rela-
teth on this manner.
The colour (faith hee) was partly red, and partly yellow mingled both together, but the
‘belly white. The hinder feet feemeth tocleaneto the body or loines. It fimelleth ftrong-
ly, and the fauour did bewray or fignific fome fecret poyfon. The
| -
— menm De ADM = = T LIEU =
cement aee EEE nc ee ETE ens
Mm
einige Sige ter 3s s “ee
Oe ee
shi
ae.
ed
a m
ON
eArnoldus.
Aelianus.
Marcellus
Pliny
Pliny
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The taile about three fingers long, befet with little fhort haires. The refidue ofthebo-
dy wasthree fingers long. The cies very {mall and black, not much greater then Moles,
fo that next ro the Mole they may iuftly be caled,the leaftfighted creatur among al four-
footed-beafts, fo that in old age they are vtterly blind by the prouidence of God,abridg- |
ing their malice, that when their teethare growne to bemoft (harp,and they moft fullof Jg
poyfon,then they (hould not fee whome nor where to uent it. A i noqv Ti d
They differ as wehaue faidin placeand number; from all foure-footed-beafts; fo that
they feeme to be compounded and framed of the teeth ofSerpentsand mice: 'Thetwo
foreteethare very long; and they do not growe fingle às in vulgar mice, but-bane within
them two other fmall and (harpe teeth. Andalfo thofe twolong teeth grownotbysthem- 19 |)
feluesas they doin other mice, but are conioyned in the refidue, in one continued ranke.
They are fharpe like a faw, hauing fharpe points like needles, fuch as could not befeene |
by man, except the tips of them were yellow.Ofeither fidethey hauc eight teeth, where- |
as the vulgar mice haue but foure, befide the two long foreteeth, which alfo {eeme deui-
ded into two or three, which except one marke diligently; hee would thinke them tobee
all one. apa |
It is arauening beaft, feygning it felfe to be gentle and tame, butbeing touchediit bi-
teth deepe, and poifoneth deadly. It beareth a cruellminde, defiring to hurt anything,
neither isthere any creature chat it loueth, or it loueth him, becaufeitisfeared of al. The
cats as we haue faide do hunt it and kil it, but they eat notthem, for ifthey do, they.con- 20 |),
fume away intime.They annoy Vines;andare fildom taken except in cold, they frequent
Oxe-dung, and in the winter timerepaireto howfes, gardens and ftables, where they are
taken and killed. | E | | TS
Ifthey fallinto a cart-road, they dieand canot get forth againe, as Marcellus, Nicander,
and Pliny affirme Andthe reafon is giuenby Philes, for being in the fame, it is fo amazd,
and trembleth, as if it were in bands. And forthis caufefome ofthe ancients haue pre-
fcribdthe earth ofa cart-road,to belaidto'the biting of this moufe for a remedietherof.
They go very flowely they are frandulent; and take their prey by deceipt. Many times
they gnaw the Oxes hooues in the ftable. They loue the rotten fleth of Rauens andthere-
fore in France when they hauekilledaRauen, they keepe it till it ftinketh, andthen caftit 5e
intheplaces wherethe Shrew-mice hanteth, whereuntothey gatherin fo great number, ©
thatyou may kil them with fhovels. The Egyptians vpon the former opinion of holines,
do bury them when they die Andthus much for the defcription of this. beaft. The fuc-
ceeding difcourfe toucheth the medicines arifing out of this beaft,alfo the cure of hir ve-
nemous bitings.
The medicines of the Shrew.
The Shrew, which falling by chaunceintoa Cart-roade or tracke doth die vpon the 40 |
fame,being burned and afterwards beaten or diffolued into duft,and mingled with goofe !
greace,being rubbed or anointed vpon thofe which are troubled with the {welling in the |
fundament comming by the caufe of fome inflamation, doth bring vnto them a wonder-
full and moftadmirable cureand remedie. The Shrew being (laine or killed, hanging fo.
that neither then nor afterwards (he may touchthe ground, dothhelpethofe which are
grieuedand pain ed in their bodies, with fores called fellons, or biles, which doth paine
them with a great inflammation, {o that it be three times inuironed or compaffed about
the partie fotroubled. The Shrew which dyeth in the furrow ofa cart-wheele,being found
and rowled in potters clay or alinnen cloth, or in Crimfon, or fcarlet-wollen- cloth, and
three times marked about the impoftumes, which willfuddenly {well in any mans body, 50
will very fpeedily and effe&ually helpe and cure the fame. |
The taileof a Shrew being cut off and burned, and afterwards beaten into dufi, and
applied or annointed vpon the fore ofany man, which came by the biting of a greedy .
andrauenous dogge, willin very (hort fpace make them both whole and found, fo that
the tailebe cut from the fhrew when (he is aliue;not when fhe is dead, for then it hath
! | neither
E
| Of the Shrew--Mon/e. 537
neither ood operation, nor efficacy in it. The former hoofes of a horfe being fcraped,
| — andthefamefragmentesor {cantlin ges thereof being beaten in the dufte or earth which ZTpeer ates.
| hathbeendiggedvp by a Shrew, infoure meafures of water, powred downe the mouth
| of a horfewhich is troubled with any paine or wringing in his bowels, willfoon give him
bothhelpe and remedie. The Shrew being either applyed in drinke, or putin the maner
and forme of aplaifter, or hanged vpon the fore which he hath bitten, is the moft excel-
lenteft,and moft medicinable cure for thehelping and healing thereof. A preferuatiut
againft poifon,would bean excellent remedy that neither man norany other liuing crea-
cure, (hould be bitten if they fhould leaue or would wantthat fuperftition called an en-
chantment againft poifon;being hangedaboutthe necke, whereof we will fpeake more in
the curing of the bites of this beuft.
That the biting of a Shrew is venomous and of the reafon
of healing inthis kind.
- Tn Italy the biting of aShrew isaccounted foravery ftrong poyfon, andthat except
there be fome medicine very {peedily applyed for the curing and healing thereof; the par-
ty fo bitten will dye. Thefe Shrewes arettucly fovenemous and full of poyfon, that being
go flaincorkilledby Cats, whofe nature is to kill whatfoeuer Mice: they take, they will not
offer to touch or eate the leaft part of them. | |
Butthebiting ofa female Shrew is moft obnoxious and hurtfuli when fne is great with,
young, but moft dangerous of all when fhe biteth any one which is great with young,, |
either awoman,or any other beaft wharfocuer,her felf being alfo with young, forthen it Marcellus
will hardly be cured. á |
Ifa Shrew fhallbiteany creature while fheis great with young,the puíhes or biles
willintime be broke. which they make, and will come vntoa very great and malionant 1.
wound and fore.If the Shgew doalfo bite any creature during the time fhe is with young, Disfearides
| fhe will prefently leape off, notwithftanding hee biteth more dangerous . Thereis no-
di thing which doth more apparaatly explane and thew the biting of a Shrew then a certaine
[ vehementpaineand griefe in the creature which isfo bitten, as alfo a pricking ouerthe
whole body, with aninflamation or burning heate going reund about the place, anda
| fiery redneffe chereia, in which a blacke puth or like {welling with a watery matter, and
| filthy corruption doth arife,and allthe partes of the body which doe ioyne vato it feeme
blacke and blue with the marueilous great paine, angui(h, and griefe, which arifeth and
proceedechfrom the fame. a rcs
When theputh or bilewhich commeth by the occafion ofa Shrew cleaueth or is bro-
ken, their proceedeth and yflaethforth akinde of white flefh, hauing a certaine rinde or -
skinne vppon it, and fometime there. appeareth in them a certaine burning, and fome-
| .. timesthe fameis eaten inand falleth out but in the beginning there is a moft filthy
49 greene corruption and matter which floweth in the fame, afterward itis putryfied, and Defcorides
eaten in, and then the feth falleth forth: the 'wringings alfo of the inward partes, the
difficulty of voiding of the vrine; anda cold corrupted fweate, doth follow and accompa;
ny the fame. | x Rd
But Avicenna affirmeth,that in what place foever this beaft (hal bite, the fores chere-
ofjwith great anguifhiwill pant or beace,, and that in euery hole wherein his venomous
teeth haue entred, there will acertaitic fiery redneffe appeare, the skinne whereof being
broken, there will comea very whiteand matery fore, which will breed much paine and
trouble inall che partes of the body forthe moftpart.. The fores or woundes which are : hie
madealfoby.thisbeaftare very manifeflly knowen by the markesof the fore-teeth ftan- Ch ed
$^ dingallinarowtogethet, asalfoby the blood which yffueth from the wound, being at "leginttta it
thefirft pure, cleare, and exceeding red, butafterwardes corrupt, blackifh, and full of
putrifa&tion,
Pliny
Aujcenna
aap ne n ~ sore TPL Aer tie eS STE SS PETER RTL D
LENT A OLI Jap didi See f zi ¥ ae
Saal nap em rain cien eyo
SS SSO
Ee
Tae. a
—5———
=
n ÉD
aa
There do alfo diuers bunchesarife in the de(h vfually after the biting of this beaft, which "uH i
if any man {hall breake, he (hall fec the feth which Jyeth ynder them cortupted, and de- MB ULM
| | Pa apided i | DUE
HP |
PU DNE. I
1 ML Ki .
C
tT a
ip 4
JM
= = m mum = E ———
Auiceuna.
"Diofcorides,
Pliny.
Auiceuua,
"Petius.
"Diofcorides ,'
Geopon itds
Pliny
Aetins.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
uided with certaine cleftes or rifts in thefame. Moreouerthe nature of this beaftisfuch,
that for the moft part he doth couetto bite thofe whom he can come vnto by the ftones
or genital, not onely men, butalfo all other brute beafts whatfoeuer: and thus much fhal
fuffice concerning the biting ofthis beaft.
Wormewood being beaten or bruifed final, ftraynd in a fine linnen cloth, and ming- -
Jed in Wine , given to the party either man or Woman in Wine to drinke who is
bytten by a Shrewe, will procure him prefent.eafe and remedy. The fame alfo is
aa excellent remedy forthebitings or ftingingsof a Sea-Dragon. Vinegar is very me-
dicinable for the bitings ofthe Shrew and of Dogs, asalfo for the Fith called by the La-
tines Scolopendra, ( which voydeth all her bowels out vntillthe hooke come forth, where-
with the istaken,and then fiicketh them vp againe) the Scorpionand all other venemous
Serpents.
But the Grecian Phyfitians affirme, that the fame ought to be mingled with other
Medicines for the helping of the aforefaid difeafes, as to take the afhes of the Shrew be-
ing burnt, the Gumme or liquor of the Hearbe called Fennell-giant , dryed barly beaten
into {mall powder , Muftard-feede pounded fmall with the Hearbe called Purple, or
Mothmullein; and minglethem altogether with Vineger, andbeing foapplyed they will
prefently cure the aforefaid {tings or bitings.
Garlike being bruifed,andthe inyce thereof anointed vpon the place which was bitten
by a Shrew, will prefently expel] the paine,and wholly cure the fore. For the expelling
of the fuperfluities of the pairings ofthe dead flefh, growing round about the fore, being
not caftaway but remaining thereon. Take Cummin and couer the wound or biting
therewith, then apply Garlike being beaten into Oyle thereunto, and annoint the places
about the fore,as alfo the fore itíclfe very diligently, and in very. fhert {pace of time it
will caufe the fameto fall away of itowne accord. For the healing alfoofthe bites of this
beaft. Take Garlike, the leaues ofa figge-tree, and Cummin, mingle chem very well alto-
gether, til they come toa mollifiyng or tempera: fubftance,then take the fame, and fafhi-
onitin the forme or manner ofa playfter, and it will very {peedily and effe@ually curethe
fore. M^ d " |
The feede orleaues of Cole-worts;being beaten together with vinegar, and the hearb
cald A/fafeetida, is very good aiid profitable to be applyed either to the bites of this beaft
orarauening Dogge. The dung ofaDog being taken and annointed vponeither man
or Horffe which hath beenebittenby'a Shrew, wil bee an excellent remedy both for the
curingand healing them ofthe (ame. The Hoofeof a Rammebeing dryed, beaten into
owder ,and afterwards mixed with Hony, will belikewife very good for thofe whichare
bitten with the fame beaft, fothat they be firft temperedand fafhioned in the manner of
a playfter,andthen applyed thereunto, The little white ftalkes which proceede from a
blacke Fig being beaten with theleaues ofthe Hearbe called Mothmullein, Waxe, and
Vineger, vntillthey come vntoa mollifying inyce or falue,will be an excellent remedy
againft the biting of the Shrew, being annointedthereupon. ^
The young or tender ftalkes ofa wilde Fig tree, beethey neuer fo few or fmall, being
firftteeped in Wine, then lapped ina leafe of the fame Tree, and fo applyed vntothe
ftings and bites of Scorpions, and the Shrew, will invery fhort time cure’and healethe
fame. Prouided alwaies that the wound beewelland diligently bathed orwafhed, before
any thing be put or applyed thereunto. "e |
Diofcorides , Auicenua and Aófuarus doe affirme, thatthe éxcellenteft;and iedicina-
bleft cure for the bites of a Shrew isthis, totake the Spleene of the fame beaft, and beate
it together with Vinegar, and the Gumme called Galbanum, then tyabnoint tt or rub it
vpon the fore, arid it will prefently expell away all paine, and in fome fnortfpacealtoge-
therheale it. Ifthe red bunches or Vlcers which doe viually grow about the bites ofa
Shrew do fortune to breake, take very fharpe and ftrong brineor pickle, and rub it both
about, and within the forc, and afterwardes apply barly being burned and beaten into
{mall duftor powder thereunto, which medicine although it feeme fomewhat grievous
and painefull, yet it is very good and profitable for the expellitig either of the ftiages of
Scorpions, or the bit es of the Shrew or rauenous dog. 2a E:
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Of the Shrew--Mowfe. | 539
The genitall of a Hare being beateninto powder mingled with Vineger, and anoynted
LX : more: Ar
| — vponthebites ofa Shrew, doth fpeedily curethem. Wilde Mallows being mingled wich Pr
| thofe Mallowes that grow inthe Garden, hauein thema very effeQuall force and power.
P tocureallftinges or venemous bitinges, efpecially of Scorpions; Shrewes, Wafpes,and
fuchlike ftinging creatures. '
The Shrew being cutand applyedin the manner ofa plaifter, doth cffe&ually cure
her owne bites. Thg Shrew being killedand annointed allouer with Oyle, and durt, or
mire,applyed vnto the V cers orred fwellings which come by het venemous teeth, will
very {peedily procure them to breake. The Shrew being cutor beaten into fmall pieces;
dryed into powder, mixed with Vineger, and fa(hioned in the forme ofa plaifter, will ve-
ry fpeedily and effe&ually curethe bites ofa Shrew; whether fhe be great with young or
not, fo that they be wellapplyed thereunto, | :
But there are fome which do thinke it nothing conuenient to mingle the Shrew with
any other thing whatfoeuer, but that itis onely after this manner to beapplyed by it felfe.
asto take it burned or drieit, and thento poundit ia powder, and foto fprinkle itin the
wound or fore, which in very fhort time will eafily heale it. The Shrew falling intothe
furrow ofa Cart wheele doth prefently dye: the duftthereofinthe paffage by which the. . 4elianns
went being taken, and fprinlded into the woundes which were made by her poyfonfome,
tecth, isa very excellent and prefent remedy forthe curing of the fame.Mar «elusaledg- — :
ao ethoutof Ajcander that the durt which cleaucth vnto the Whecles ofa Chariotbeing
fcraped offand fprinkled into the bites ofa Shrew, will be very medicinable for the hea- As
ling ofthem, which thing he himfelfe thinketh a meere fable, and not to bee belecued. If
the pimples or bladders which arife inthe bites ofa Shrew fhall bethought conuenient
to be broken, for the performing of the fame, take theskinne of a baked or roafted Pom-
granate,and fpread it vpon theaforefaidred pimples,as whot as poffible may be faffered
for fome finall time, and it will caufe the vlcers to breake, andallthe corruption to yífue
forth. | "3 od (3j TRE
Ifitgrow vnto an Impoftume, take the Ji:tle berries or pellets whicharewithin the eom |
Pomgrauate, being very well baked, andapply them vnto the fore fome fhort time, and
they will very eafily cure the fame. Mauftard-feede being mingled with Vineger, annoin- eginetta
ted vpon thebites ofa Shew, doth very effe&ually healethem. A Moule being bruifed in-
to fall pieces, and applyed vnto thebites ofa Shrew in the forme ofa phifter, isa very
excellent remedy for the curing of them. Pitch and trifoly being baked, and rubbed
verye whotte vpponthe bites i Shrewe, is accounteda very medicinable cure: butit
| isrequifite that this fomentation be giuen vnto none but fuch asare ofa ftronge and po-
werfull body, andarealfo able to endure paine. The liquor of the Herb called Southern:
wood being giuenin Wine to drinke doth very. much profitthofe which are troubled;
and pained in their limbs with the bites of Shrewes. VVermwood being vfed in the like
raanner will cure thofe which are bitenbyaShtew. i - incer Choiaitmsliln
: The genitall ofa Lambe orKidde being mingled with foure, drams.of the Hearbe
| 49 called 4riffologia or Hart-wott, and fixe drams ofthe {weeteft Myrrh, is very good and
| medicinable for curing of thofe which are bitten or ftung with Shrewes, Scorpions,and
fuch like vaemous Beaftes. The leaues of Coleworts being dryed, mingled with flower,
andtempered to gether, votill they come intothe form ofaplaifter, will very,machhelp
againft the venemous bites ofthe Shrew! Thefcede of Colewortes,and the leauesofthe
fame: Hearbe being mingled with Vineger, and the Hearbe called 4/f4 fetida beate. Ruelins
orpounded together, do very Welland {peedily curethe bites ofthe Shrewes; as alío of
arauenous Dogge, ifthe famein due timebe applyedthereuató. -'Theliquoralfoofthe .........«
leaues of Coleworts being given in any kind of drinke, is good and wholfome for the cu-
ring oftheaforefaid bites orwoundes. The Nuts. ofa young Cypres Tree being mixed Diofcorides
$° wiihià certainefitrep or potion made of Hony, Water, and Vineger,and afterwardes |
drunke;doth very fpeedily procure eafe and help for thofe which are bittenby a Shrew, |
> E >.
SS 9 eee i a
Sa ee
=
SSS SSS
a
———
|
"ES
|
Diofcorides
- =
a LS I TS a | aS eg area ere: ML ota) al a Ee mg xoc uti qe Esa eV AE ps geni
‘The roote ofa white or blacke Thiflle, being beaten or bruifed and giuenin drinke, QUEUE Iii i l
doth very effeétually help or cure thofe whichare bitten by a Shrew. The like vertue bath ll
tlie Hearbecalled Rocketin it; and alfo the feedethereof being giuen in any kinde of
,frinke, i i OU.
wd RÀ
p
Alffjrtur
54.0 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
. drinke. The gum or liquor which proceedeth from akinde of Ferula being giueminwine
Acgenetta co drink, doth very much helpe and curethofe whichare bitten by a Shrew. The fame
vertuealfoinit hath the roote ef thehearbe called Gentian or bitterwort, being given
in wineto drink. One or two drams ofthe yoongeflortendre(tleauesot che Laurell tree,
being beaten fmalland giuen in wineto drinke, doth fpecdily cure the fores or woundes
pes which are bitten by a Shrew: the fame beiogalfo vfedin the faid manner, and giuen in
fome certaine potion vito horfes to drinke, doth quickly help and hegle them.But there
are {ome which before all other medicines doe commend this for tbe beft, and chiefett,
Arosa thatis,to take the iuice which proceedeth from the leaues of thelaprell tree, & the leaues
themfelues, being moiftand new growing andtoboylethem in wine, and being once
cooled to give it to any which is bittenby aShrew, and this will in very fhort {pace alto:
ether belpe them. A yoonge Weafell being giuen in wine to drinke, is accountedvery
Pliny me dicitiable for thofe which are bitten bya Shrew, or flung by.aScorpion, or any other
Venemouis creature. The hearbe called Balefamint or Coftmary,the hearbe called Bar-
eAgmetta — tram;or wilde Pellito; the hearbe called Betonie; the hearbe called water-minte, or water,
Creffes, the {weete and delicious gum called Storax; asialfo the hearbe called Veruin be-
ing each of them feuerally by themiclues either giuen in wine to drinke, or applyed in the
manner of a plaifter or annointed vpon the bits or wounds which come by the venemous
teeth of a: Shrew, will very etfe&ually cure the paine thereof, Thebiting ofa fieldmoufe
or Shrew;isvery troublefome, and grieuous to alllabouring beaftes, forinftantly, after
her bitinges there doc little red pimples arife,and ther¢ is moft daunger of death in thofe
-_beaftes which fhebiteth when fhe is great with yonog, for theaforefaid pimples willthen
prefently breake, after which the beaftfo bitten willinftantly die. The Shrew doth alfo kill
fome laboring beafts with poyfon,as chiefly horfes& mules but ¢{pecially & forthe moft
part mares, which are great with yong. Therearefomewhich do affirmechat ifhorfes,or
any other laboring creature do feede in that pafture or graffein which: a Shrew {hall put
. forth ber venome or poyfon in, they will prefently die.In what place foeuer a Shrew (hall
bite in any creature it will be compaffed with an exceeding hard fwelling, the beaft alfo
being fobitten, doth expreffe his griefe or forrowwith much paine; & firaining hisbody:
^77» dothlikewifefwell all oner, his eyes doeis.a mannerweepe, the {welling in his body doth,
fquize out matter, or filthy putrefa&ion; he voyderh: poyfonout of his belly; anddoth
Voriiite ‘all faflenancevp as fooneas euer he receauech it, IF an" Affe; being great with:
roong be bitten by thisbeaft; itis a very great chaunce if (he fcape death. 191»
"Muicenua
Albertus
JHisevocles
"^ Butiftlie Shrew doe bite any bea(t when (he is greatwith yongiit isknowenby thefe
fignes, or marks, there will certaine red pimplescompaffe the fore round about,andalfo,
sn fpread themfelues ouer all che body of the bitten beafts-and will in (hort {pacedeftroy
him, except there be procured fome prefentremedy. The Normans in Fraunce do fup-,
pofe the Shrewto be a beaftfo full of venome,and poyfon, thatif he fhall but\paffe over:
ERN cither an Oxe,or a horfe lying downealong vponthe ground, it will bring fucha dange-
25
398
rous difeafe vpon them, that the beaft ouer which fhe fhall paffe (hall be lame: about the 49
Joines, or fhall feemie as if he were immoueable, andthat hecanibe cured. by no other
mearies, butby the fame Shrew, who either of his owneaccord; or by compulfion muft
paffeouer the contrary fide of the beaft,and that then he will be cured which thing Idoe
hold to be'very'vaine and notto be beleeued. » vodellany odteodiowienn
°°) For the euring of beaftes whichare bitten by a Srew, tliou thale boilethe feede of
5. Parfly together with Wineand Oylejand thou fhalt cut the place which fwelleth witha
Pen-knife; by which the poyfon may iffue forth, and the wound being pointingly pul-
Hopocrates Ted or torrie may waxe rawe: if by thefe the inflammation doe, waxe»more feruent.and
| _ "hette, thou fhalt eate the fore with iron infttuments burning with fier, taking away fome
voco ‘part of that which is whole and found :then fhale. thou renewthe wound withthe iron
jaftrüments being gouerned rightly, by which the corruption may iffie forth: but if
, ‘that patt' doe chaunce to fwell by the exulceration; thou fhaltfprinckle Barley bees
ing burned aud dryed therein, but before you doe this, it is mécte.to ioynethe olde
fatte: 27930 CSV Cold MIRE lofsi so slad sflentos Ds veg
: 50/1 bz!;3 dw Mete
oh anda!
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e mus Bim
JOMBSQ bi ‘Of the Shrew. WE AY. 41
There isalfo another excellent medicine for the curing of the Shrew, which Startonieus
himfelfe doth much commiend,which is this: to lance or {carifie the wound affoone as it is
bitten, butefpecially if it be compaffed with an inflamation,afterwardes to fprinklefalt and
Vineger vp on it,then to encourage or prouoke the beatles the,next day following by fome x
. feet water or liquorto run.orgo fomelitile iourny, firft hauing anointed the fore with ful-
Jers-earth being beaten {mall and mixed with yinceer, and thendaily to nourifh or bath ic
| with water which commeth from bathes wheréfomehaue wathed themfelues, and this in
| very fhort time being fo vfed will very welandaltogether curethe beaft. Againftthe bi-
| 7 ting of Shrew Garlikeis accounted for anexcellent remedy being mingled with Nitre;
P 10 but iftheré (hal be no Nitre to be had,mixe it with falc and Cummin,then to dry and beat
| them altogether inty powder, 8cwith the fameto rub the places which are infected with thé
biting :but ifthe venemous wounds do chance tobrealothen totake barly being {corched. -
or burned, and pound itinto {mall powder , and fteepe itin vineger, and afrerwatdes to
{prinkle it into the wound :this medicine Pelagon affirmeth, will onely heale the bites of a
| Shrew, and that the gricfe of the fore, by the vie ofany othermedicines doth rather en-
creafethendecreafe. .—— — |
The flower whichis madeof red Weat, the Hearbe called Dill, the liquor or Rozen p; »
which runneth out of the great Cedar, and two pound ofthe bet Wine being mingled
altogether, giuen in a potion and poured downe the throate of any laboring beaftwhichis
19 bitten bya Shrew, will prefently cafe and cure him of his paine.
Hierecheé |,
——————— =
j
:
à
i
ih
+)
n
t
P
There isalfoanother potion for the curing of the bites of this bea ft whichisthis,to
take cloues of Garlike being bruifed fmall, fale, Cummin, and Wine, of eachthe like
quantity, thefe beinggiuento any beaftto drinke, doth prefe ntly cure him,asalfoany
1 ian being anioinced vpon the wound, butnot giüen to drink. The hearbe called Narde Hippocrates
or Peppeér-wortbeing beaten to the quantity of two ouncesanda halfe,and mingledwith ^ ^^^ ©
| fome fweéte finelling Wine, willprcféntly help! any beaft whichis bitten by the Shrewe,
being poured throaghibis Nofe}and his fore being at that inflant time annointed with r
| Dogs duiig : the fameisalfo very medicinable orwholefome for men which are troubled
| with the faid biting... 340.2% 1603. 9]: (a 1 "
B $0. Thebitesofa Shtew being pricked with an»Aule and annointed with duft which is
found in the furrowes of Cartes vnder the markesor fignes.ofthe Wheele, being ming-
led with fharpe vineger, do:h prefently affwage the paine, andheale the fore. The earth-
ofthe tra& ofa Cart alfo mingled with ftale or vrine, being applyed vnto the bites ofa
Shrew) will very {peedily curethemeither vpon men or beattes. A Shrew being new kil-
led andrubbed ouer with falt, applyed vnto the wounds which (he thal bite in any beafts,
will inftantly cure them : this vertue alfo hath the gall ofa-rere-moufe or Bat, being mix-
edwihvineger. |^ 0 ^ 3 RAs uad o : | Pis)
Thereisa very good remedy againft the bitinges of Shrewes, orto preferue Cattle
| fromthem,which is this, to compafte the hole wherein fhelyeth round about, and get bir
4 4g Outaliue,and keepe her fotill (he dye, and waxe ftiffe, then hang her about the necke of
| thebeaft which youwould preferüe, and there wil notany Shrew come neare them,and '
this is accounted to bee moft certaine, And thus much fhall fuffice concerning thebi-
tings of the Shrewes,and ofthe’ curesthereof, o
| "Ddd OF
,
2
owe
LEX AE ESSO E
Xn Ote. Y EG
ar !
L
54
"The Bpithits
ef wild mice |
deícribing
their kinds,
Their feueral
parts.
Whether
Mice engen.
dred of the
Ve
p
LIE NW!
ys ——
wr =
Mi i aN
..OF WILDE FIELD-MICE.
His wilde Moufe called by the Latines Mus agreftis, Mus
Sylueftris, syluaticus, Subteranens and ome fay Mitedula,
(althogh I rather take that word to fignifiea glare worm.)
Itis called alfo Exignns Mus, and Rufticus. The Grecians
calit My// Arourayos the Germans field-moufe, and erd-
; moufe, thatisa moufe ofthe earth, Nwalmuf/, and Zwel-
AN BEAN muff; Se horrmu]f', Schoermow]; Steffmu|[, and Luckmuff,
ZN all by reafon'of her digging in the earth like a mole., The
«1 )| French call it Mailotz* There is of thefe mice two kinds, a
LAWN Jj preateranda leffer.Thepiéture ofthegreater we haue de-
fcribed heare, forbearing the lefler, becaufe inall partesit refembleth this, exceptin the
uantity. | Hotels yarn ! |
p This greater kind is not much leffer thea a. Rat, hauing along broad raile likeit. The
eares of it are round. The head round and great, and the fnout or chaps do notftand out
long. They areof two colours in bothkinds;fome redand fome blacke. They hauea beard
betwixt their mouth and their cies, and the leffer mice haue a fhort taile.A Phyfiuan ta-
wi
king occafion ofthe writinges of Ba/fiamus Lundus to dife& one ofthefe mice, found it to
betrue whichhe faith that their maw and gutslye al ftraight and vpright. We haue fhew-
edalready, thatallkind of mice are generated out of the earth,althoughalfo they fuffer
copulation. And in Egyptit is very common about the, 77 hebays, andthe places where
Nylus ouerfloweth, thatinthe decreafe|and falling away of the Waters, the funne en-
ak PE gendereth many mice vppon the flime of the earth, fo that it is ordinary to fee onetime
create orher- rbeir foreparies to haue life, flefh, and motion, andthe hinder partes deformed;andmo-
Aelianus
Play
thing but earth,
‘Andaboutthis matter there is fome difputation among the Authors, for shere bee
Phylofophers which affirme, that euery creature as well perfe& as vnperfect, may bee
tnade both by feedeand of puttified mattersand from hence came the opinion inthe Po-
ets, of the fonsand daughters of the earth, and fo they fay, that things grow by generati-
on in infinitum:Some fay that perfec creatures catinot be generated in that manner, but
the imperfeé ones {uch as mice are, may bee ingendered by feed and putrifyed matter,
and afterwards beget more of his owne kind.
But Ars/totle confeffcth the firftgeneration, and denyeth the fecond and -— .
| ae
7, LASS "E lg .
fa
40
so
, —
Of the field-M.ice. $43
2
though they do generate by copulation, yet it is not Idem fed animal [pece diner[um, a quo
nibil ameplius gigni po[sit And therefore Ieronimus Gabucinus endeth this controuerfie,
faying. Mures ex putredine nati, generant. quidem c ipfi,fed quod ex eis generatur, nec
mus,oft mec femina ; vec amplius generat chat is ; Miceengendered of putrified matter do
alfo engender,but that which is begotten of them is neither male nor female;neither can
it engender any more, that it may not proceed in Iafinitums, like a moufe engendered by ed.
copulation. Butconcerningthebeginning of thefe wilde field-mice, and their encreafe, Joneby wild
Arifiotle {peaketh in this manner : we haue received (faith he) the wonderfull generation field-Mice
of wilde ficlde-mice, abounding in euery place, and efpecially in corne fields, which by
go their multitude, do inftantly eat vp and deuoure a great deale of graine, infemuchasit
hath bin fcene, that divers poore hushandmen, which haue determined to day to reape
their corne onthe morrow , in the meane feafon it was fo deftroyed by mice,that when
the reapers came inthe morning, they found no corneatall.
Andas the encreafe of thefe mice was extraordinary, foalfo was the deftru&ion, for
men could not driue them away asin former times by fmoking them, or elfe by turning
infwineto roote out their nefts from the earth, or by fending Foxes, or wild-cats amon
thems, but their multitude did alwaies preuaile , and yet after a fewe dayes, the (howers
ofthe cloudes deftroyedthem. And Pliny faith,that this ought to bee no meruaile, that
therefhould befo great a harueftand flore ofthefe mice, feeing that men yet neuerknew
howto hinder their generation,or to kill them being engendered, and yet for al that they
arefildome found inthe winter time either aliue or dead. And feeing that we haue entred
into the mention ofthe damage of thefe wilde field- mice,it isprofitable to fet down fome
ftories out of Authors, recording the place and perfons, whomethey haucverye much
annoyed. |
Pliny writeth, as we haue (hewed in our former difcourfe, that the inhabitants of Tvo-
41, were driven from their habitation by thefefield-mice, becaufethey deuouredal their:
frnits,& when they died ther'was a worm engendred in their heds. Diodorus Siculus inhis
fourth booke of auncient Monuments recordeth, that there were certaine people of 774-
ly, which by incurfion of fielde-mice were driuen to flight, and toforfake their patrimo-
, nies, forthey deftroyed the rootes of the corne, like íome horrible drought, or fome
vnrefiftable cold froft. Coffaa Towne of Vmbria in the daies of Pliny which at this day is
called Orbi tellus, was deftroyed by fielde-mice, (as Volatteranus writeth. ) Niphus alfo
faith, that hee fawein one night, allthe Corne-fieldes at Calenwm deftroyed by thefe
mice. |
There are füch a numberofthefe mice in Spaine, that many times their deftru&ion
caufed peftilent difeafes, and this thing hapned amongftthe Romaines when they were gabe:
in Cantabria, forthey were conftrainedto hier men by ftipends tokill the mice,and thofe
which did kill them, fcarfeefcaped with life. The inhabitants of Gyarws, an Ifland ofthe
Cyclades, after they had long refifted the violence ofthefe mice, yetat length they were
40 faincto yccld vnto them, and forfake their territory;and the mice after their departure,
through hunger did gnawtheyron. Wee hauefhewed already howthe P/fizeswere >
punifhed with mice, before they fentaway the Arke of the Lorde, and howe the -Acolians |
and Troyans wereannoyed with them, vntillthey had facrificed to Apollo Sminthens, and. ee
howthe mice of Heraelea, at the time of Grape-gathering, doe go out of the country and
returne againe in the Autumne. When Sasacharib, king of the Arabians and Egyptians,
inuaded Eg ypF, it is faid by Herodotus, that Vulcan in the night time fent vppon his armey
fuchan innumerable {warm of wilde- mice, thar before morning they had eaten affunder
"their Quiuers, Arrowes, Bowes, and all warlike inftrmentes, fo thatthe next day, forthe
want of weapons, and feare of their enemies, they were conftrained to take their heeles
$o and run'away.- Andto conclude, by the fame meanesthe Calcidenfians were driuen out
of Elymhilm:;a citty of the mountain 4/525, and thus much fhall fuffice for the harme of
thefe mice-They make their dwellings and habitation in the earth, according to this fay- Place o T
ing of Pireill :. siano 2 | O their abode,
(SER EONS epeexieunsmus Á We.
ooo t Sub terrapofuit q, domos, atd, borria feeit.
ege iet Ddd 2 Yet
29
*
eS en BEN OE ee ee
ge an S ERE a LU E — AE eee REE M t
— ÁÀÓÀ PR oe
—
TES
—
E TE EIE. ERE 85 ES dim Le dr
w— ADI x = "s :
Sethe n=
PU
pelea nape
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Yet now and then they come out of the earth, although it be but feldome They heauevp
hilles like Mols, and they eate and deuourethe rootes of corne and Hearbes. They make
not very deepcholes, but dig vnder the turfes, and vpper face ofthe earth, fo that when
a man walkett vpon ithe may perceiueit by the finking in of his foorefteps: ifthe holebe
opened with aSpade,they clofe itagaine asa Mole doth, butnot fo fpeedily; for they
defer it two or three daies together, and therefore if it be watchedthey may kill her ac hir
returne by treading vpon her ; concerning the manner of taking them, thefe obferuati-
ons following may be put in pradtife. ja
Thefe kind of Mice are driuen or chafed away with the afhes of a Weafell, or ofa.cat 'é
Driuing a-
way of thefe
mice,
mingled with water, and by {prinkling or fcattering {eede or corne abroade, or by fome
things well foddea in Water : but the poyfoning of thofe Miceis in the fent or fanor of
bread: and therefore they thinke it more profitable to touch the feede or Corne tightly
with the gall ofan Oxe. Apuleus doth affirme, that to foke the graine or corne inthe gall
ofan Oxebefore you (prinkle it abroad, is very good againft thefe fielde- mice : alfo (as it
is read in Geopon Grac.)it doth very much commend the gallof Oxen,' wherewith as he
faith, ifthe feed or corne be touched, they fhal be freed from the molettation or trouble
of thefe field-mice.
Notwithwanding in the Dog-daies Hemlock-feede ith the hearbe Hellebor isbetter,
or with wilde cucumber, or with Henne-bane, or being beaten with bitter Almonds, and
Bears-foot,andto mingle with them iuftas mu ch mealor corne,& beat and ftamp them
in oile,and when'youhaue fo done, pat itinto the hollow places ofthefe field-mice : and
they wil dieaffoone as euerthey (ball caft of 1t. Awicen doth affirmealfo,that Hen-bane-
feede doth kill thefe kind of Mice, without the mixture ef any other thing. Very many do
ftop the paffages of them with theleaues of Rododaphne, who do perifh in the time they
are laboring to make their pathigesby the gnawing ofthem. |
Phan.
Palladius
e
Apuleius allo faith, that the people of sithynia haue had much experience of thefe thinges,
who ftoppedthe paffages ofthefe mice withthefe Rododaphne leaues, fo that theyidefire
to come forth by touching the fame often with their teeth: which truely fo fooneasthey
fhal touchor conie vnto, they (hal prefently dye. Butthey vfea kind of incantationwhich
is thisthat followeth. I do adiure all'ye mice which doremaine or abide heare,that yee
do notoffer me wrong, or fuffer meto bewronged of any other For Idoaffigneandap-
poíntyou this fielde, (rhen he nameth tbe fielde) in which if I fhould fupprizeyon here-
after, cal Lue to wizneffe, I wil teare euery one of you into feuen pieces : when asthou
haft write this charme, binde paper faft to the place wherein the Mice haunt, and thatbe-
forethe rifing ofthe Sunne :fothat the chare&ers or markes may appeare onthe out-
fide cleaning toa naturall {tone of that place. Ihaue written this (faith the Author) left
any thing fhould feemetobe ouerskipped: neither doe I allow or proue fuch thinges:can
be done, but I rather counfellal men that they do not fet their mind to any of thefe which
are more worthy of derifion then imitation. Ifthou fhalt fill the paffages of thefe rufticall
ot field-mice with the a(bes ofan Oak, be (hall bepoffefíed witha feruent defire toic; of
Marcellus, n touching itand fo fhall die. TIT Vy . Sib 195000 d:
The medi. Thefecountrey Mice; that isto fay thofe Mice which are founde inthefieldes; being
cinesoffield bruifed and burnedtoafhes,and mingled with frefh honey, doeth comfort orreftore the
mice. fight ofthe cies by diminithing the darkeneffe or dimneffe thereof; ia what fielde foeucr’
you hall findany thing, dig them vp by therootes witha litde flake on pofte ings sci
Scholinftes,
Hi
e, n ett
(72 Liny. docth oftentimes make, mention of this woede-moufe or;xather à
A : - \ ord M ja , , . * . . .
Thedefaip est p Way Moufebelonging to the wood, but he doth itonely in medicines; butthat it,
Hope 2 doth ditfer from thiscountry or ficld-moufe we haue fhewen in the Gba p.goc:
17:78:54 ing before, becaufe it doth not habit or dwell in Countries or tilledplacess:
as the Countrey or field-micg doe, but doth inhabit in VVoodes andforrefts. The wood-
Moufeis called in Greeke as the Countrey-moufe;but I thinke itto beeakinde of E.
Lie ears moufe
209
3e
40
$9
Of Mice.
| moufe, which proceedeth from the kind of wood-moufe. Pliny trucly doth make the
10
2o
fameremedy or medicines of a Dormoufe,as he doth ofa Wood-moufe, as I will a little
after reliearíe orrecite vnto you. Alfol fhould haue thoughtthat a Sorex had bin the
fame, becaufe itis a wood-moufe,bat that, that one place of Pliny did hinder me,where
he commendeth theafhes ofa WWood-moufeto be very góodfor the cleareneffe ofthe
cies,and by and by after did fhew or declare that the aíhes of the Sorex were good alfo in
the fame víe,as I willrecite or rchearfe below inthe medicines or remedies ofthewood-
moufe. Agricola a man of great learning, doth interpret or iudge the wood-moufe to bee
that moufe, to the which they do appoint the name deriued from Asellana : but hee doth .
account that to be the Sorex, which I will (hew or declare beneath to be the Shrew.I do
vnderítand that there are properly two kinds of the wood-moufe {pokes of before. The
one of them that which Albertus doth write, faying.that there is a certain kind ofMoufe
which doth builde or make her habitationin trees, and ofa browneorfwart colour,and —
hauing alfo black fpots in ber face.which onely is called by the vniuerfal name of a wood-
Moute.Ofthefame kind Pliny doth meane, (if Ibenot decetued)when he writeth,that the
matt ofa beech-tree is very acceptable to Mice, and therefore they have good fuecefle
with their young ones. The other which is peculiarly named the Sorex wwhich(faith Pliny)
doth fleep allthe winter time, and hath a taile full of haire : whofe fhape or forme we pro-
ofe and {et euidently before you. But that I may more diftin@ly handle thofe thinges
which Pliny hath (hewed to vs concetning the wood-Meufe, I will write her downefepe-
rately or by it felfe,amd afterwards concerning the Moufe which hath her name deriued
from Filburds, which the Germans haueleftin writing,and which I my felfe haue confi-
dered or obferued, and laft ofall I wil write concerning the Sorex peculiarly and feueral-
ly from the ancient writers.
Theafhés ofa wood-moufe being mingled with hony ,doth cure al fra@ures of bones,
545
etn n
iF tU
IN
MM T
"WM
M — QR E
C PURESCURA
=
Mi Ss
the braines alfo fpread vpona little peece of cloth, and couered with wooll is good alfo, The medt-
: dep : cines of the
but you muft now and then fpread it ouer the wound, and it doth almoft make it whole 572575.
and ftrong within the fpace of three or foure daies : neither muft you mingle the athes pj;
AIT
b
of the wood-moufe with hony to late: hony alfo being mingled withtheathes of earth-
wormes, doth draw forth broken bones. Alfo the fat ofthefe beaftes, being puttokibes
is very good, but ifthe vlcers arecorruptand rotten, by adding wax to the former things
doth bring them to cicatrifing. The oyle ofa burned Locuftisalfo very good, andalfo Marcellus
- the oile of awood-moufe with Hony, is as cfiedtuall'as the other. They fay alfothat the
49
Be
headsandtailes of Mice mixed withtheathes of them andannointed with Hony, doth
reftore the cleareneffe ofthe fight, but more effe@ually being mingled withthe a(hes of a
Dormoufe ora WWood-moufe.
ef the Nut-Moufe, Hafell-Moufe, or Fildburda.- Moufe.
EL D
SS
eee
2 =
Ve SN et es TT.
Rts eta =
am His beaft is akind ofSorex, and may bethat which the Germans tearme Ein,
Peers crs hafelmus,a great Hafell-moule,fo called becaufe they feed vpon hafelt-
Bl Nuts, and Filburds, The Flemings callit Eis Slaperar,chatis afleeping Rat,
andtherforethe Érenchicall it by the name Zerer whereby alfo we haue fhew-
edalrcady, they vnderftand a Dormoufe. Ddd 5- For
cin
-—
pner
EE EIN RN e OE er ES
Ped an e
FORE T IEG AT ALDI ALLS SEE OSE
mdr EE A
54.6
The Hiflory of Fourc-footed Beafts.
For this fleepeth likethat, and yet the fiefh thereof is not good is to be eaten. Theco-
lour of this Moufe is redde like the Hafell, and the quantity fullasgreat as a Squirrel, or
as a great Rat: vpon the backe and fides it ismorelike a Moufe, and vpon the head more
red. Hiseares very great, and pilled without haire. The belly white, foalfo are hislegs,
The neather moftof his taile towards the tip white. His Noftrils and feete reddifh. The
taile wholy rough, but moftat the end with white haires,
The eyes very great hanging out of hishead, and all blacke,fo that there isnotin
them any appearance of white. The beard partly white, and partly blacke, both aboue
and beneath his ears, and about his eies,and the vpper part of his taile next his body all
blacke. Vppon his forefecte hee hath foure clawes or diftin& toes, for hee wantetha !?
Thombe. Butvponhis hinderfeete he hath fiue, I meane vpon each feuerally. The
utfide of his hinder Legges,from the bending tothe tip of his nailsisaltogether bald
withouthaire. Andthefauor ofall this kindis like the fmellofthe vulgar Mice. They
liue not onely in the earth, butalfe in trees which they climbe like Squirrils , and there-
fore make prouifion of Nuttes and meate againftthe Winter, which they lodge in the
earth. ,
The Countrymen finding in the Summer their caues and dens, do wifely forbeareto'
defitoy them, knowing that they will bring into them the beft Nuts and Fill-berds can
bee gotten, and therefore at one fide they fticke vppea certaine long rod, by dite@ti-
onwhereof in the Wintertime they comeand dig out the den, ivfily taking from them 2°
both their life and ftore,becaufe they haue vniuflly gathred it together:Some haue eaten
it, but they were deceiued, taking it for the Dormoufe. |
OF THE LASCITT MOVSE.
His Moufe is called by the Germans Za/citts,and alfo Harneball, becaufe
of the fimilitude it holdeth with the Ermeliie Weafell. The skinne of it
2| isvery pretious, being fhorter then the Ermeline two fingers breadth.
I| Andfor asmuchaselfe, there isno difference between the La/citt Moufe
differ onely in age.
are
'* And Iam rather led to affirme thus much,becaufe there are skinnes,annually brought
tothe Mart of Frankford, out of Polonia (cald Za/cett;) which are no ether then the wea-
fels, of Neue grodela, whofe white skins areintermixed with griffeld, and thus much fhall
fuffice to hauefaid of this Moufe. |
and the La/estt WV eafell, except inthe quantity. My opinionis that they 32
OF THE SOREX.
ees UN " Amefopinion that this kind of Moufé belóngeth tothe Ha- se |
Ss Miri í fell Moufebefore fpoken.of, becaufe it is wilde, hath a hairy 1 |
Y
e annie
tailé, and (leepeth inthe Winter, all which thingsare by Pli-
ny atcribed to the Sorexs onely this hindereth, thathe maketh
the Sorex to hate rough hairy eares, and the Sarex of Germa-
ny bath bald-eares. Foranfwer whereof thisthall fufiicesthat
j| | the other3-notes being fo great & pregnant, thereisnoeaufe
77 awhy the want of one and that fo litleasthe haires onthe eares,
N p | hould depriue i£of his naturall duc and kim. The Italians and
the French vie this word Sovex, for'a domefticallValgar Moufesarid fo peraduenture did
the ancients before them; bur itis greater then the domefticall moufe; although Plinyes
Sorex be neither greater notleffer. The Spaniards call a Sorex, Sovuee, or Raton Pequen-
no. The lllirians Viemegka My//, by which wordalfo they-vnder ftand a Shrew-moufe. The
fibres ofthe intrals of this Sorex doe encreafe and. decreafe with the Moone;fo thatthe
number of them do alwaies anfwer the number ofthe daies of her age. ERE v
Her cares as we haue faid are full of haices; but intheloweft part.or tip thereof e
1 pod ge FfeMon
j9
| Of the Sorex. 54.7
| reafon of her name is taken from the skreeching voice fhe maketh in gnawing. For it isa
very harmefull biting beaft, cutting afunder with her teeth likea fawe. So me doe deriue
the Grecke word from Huras , which aunciently did fignifica moufe, and therefore they
| callthis Syrax and Saurex, but I lift not co ftandany longer vppon the name, feeing th
b beaftit felfe affordeth little worthy matter to entreat of.
Itis reported by arro,that in Arcadiathere was a Hogge fo fat, thata Sorex did eate
into her flefh, and made her neft and brought forth young onestherein, which may very
' wellbe; for fuch is the nature of afat Swine, that he will hardly rifeto eate his meate, or
eafe himfelfe of his excrements: Andbefides, fatneffe ftoppeth fence, burying both the
ro Nerues and Arteries very déepe : fo that in the body ofa man, his faueft part is leal fen-
fible. Lycinius the Emperor going aboutto. reftraine the infolency ofthe Eunuckes and
Courtiers, called chemzveas, Sarice/ 4, palatinos that is mothes and Sorexesofthe court.
There was an auncient garment (as Pliny writeth) called effi foriculata,and this was
very pretious in my opinion,becaufe it was garded or fringed with the skinnes ofthe So. Eguatis
rex. If this beaftfall into any Wine or Oyle, the corrupteth the fame, and itis to bere-
couered by the fame meanes, as we haue formerly defcribed in the vulgar Moufe. Ie
fhould feeme there was great ftoreof them in the daies of Heliogabalus, for he comman-
ded (as Zampridius writeth) to be brought vnto him, not onely a thoufand of thefe beafts,
but alfo a thoufand VVeafels, and teu thoufand vulgar Mice, as we haue (hewed before
2e intheftory ofthevulgar Moufe. | :
When the South-fayers were about their ciuinatious, P//zy writeth, that if they
heard the fqueaking of a Sorex, they brake off, and gaue ouer their labour holding it vn-
profitableto goeany further therein, and it is alfo reported,that the voice of this Moufe,
gaue occafionto Fabius Maximus, to giue ouer his Di&atorftiip, and vnto Caius Flawsin-
nius,to giue ouer the Mafterfhip ofthe horfemen, fuch feare of filly beaftes, was begot-
ten inthe minds of gallant and magnanimious fpirits, by the Vhprofitable and foolifh
behauiour and do&rines of the Magitians. |
Itis faid by Négidive, that thefe sorifes doe fleepe all the Winter & hide themfelues |
like the Dormoufe. They alfo when they eate any córne, do fcreétch and make a greater
o noifethen other Mice; whereby they bewray themfelues in the datke vntotheir enemies,
andare killed which wasthe occafion of that prouerbial fpeech of Parmeno in Terrence
Ege met tico iudicio mifer , quafi [orex perys Saint Aufline, and Saint Origive, doealfo make
vie ofthisprouerbe, the one in his booke of order, the other ina Homily vpon Gene/is,
which canled: Era/vews to write in thismanner, Sed videber ipfe meis judicys eaptwsthatisy '
Ihaueouerthrowne my felfe with my owne tale.’ Thefe Sorices doe make hollow the
trees wherein Emets or Ants breed, and there is perpetuall hatred betwixtthe Bittors,
and thefe, onelying inwaitetodeftroytheothersyoong. ^. -
| Lhe medicines of the Sorex.
49
Serenus'and Pliny, fay that ifawoman with child doe catethe finnewes ofa Sorex if her
eies be blacke;fo (hall the.infants be likewife ;
v Süpragnans artis captiui Sorices edit
TS Dicuntur fetus nigrantia lumina fingi. :
The fat of thefe beaftes or of Dormice is very ptofitable agaiuft the Paulfie. The powder
ofthe headsand tajles,annointed. with Hony vppon the eies; refloreth checleareneffe of *
fight, and with hony atticke,the powder and fat ofa Sorex burned, helpeth running eíes,
and thefame powder mingled with oile, cureth bunches inthe flefh.
There isanother moufe called by. Matbeolus, Mus Napelli, that isa VVolfe-baine- p
5° moufesfo-calledsbecaufeit feedeth vpon ithe roots ofthat Heatbe, although there bee called Mus [t
| fomeof opinion, that itis nota creature, but another little Hearbe growing neare vnto it Napelli. Re EN
| foracounter poyfon.: 9! ; 5 > reno s bnc mI LUN
; And Marellusal(o;maketh niention of Nupellus, and Aptinapellus, whereunto I fhould Nu HN I, :
| eafily condefcend; but that theeye-fight of Mathaolus Jeadeth me tothecontrary. For Lr Du. |
Aut he iam: |
- i) i ' 1 |
Se
a a ee
Sit x Ee
eR CE
P — ——
—
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
he writeth thache tooke one ofthem inthetop ofa high mountainein Ir 4 1x.And syl-
watitus calleththis moufe, Mus Suring, or Sucfinus, and callethit a counter poyfon to
Wolfe-bane, and that God might fhew thus much vnto men, he caufeth ittoliuevpon |
the rootes, in teftinony of his naturall vertue, deftroying poyfon and venimous hearbs,.
THE INDIAN MOVSE, AND DIVERS.
Mice of the
Haft
Egyptlan
mice.
other kinds of mice, according to their Countries.
EQ
\
iN \
»
| N
i
I
|
waies: one, becaufethe forme of their bodies will fomewhat
vary : the other, becaufe not onely in fhape, butalfo in witte
they haue fomethinges in them common to mice, ouer and
aboue the miceofour countreies; therefore we will breefely
comprehendaltheir furnames of whatfecuer regions they are
in one order or Alphabet. Inthe Oriental parts of the worlde,
S thereare great mice, (as Arex AN px x writeth)ofthe quan-
tity of Foxes who do harme both menand beafts,and although they cannot by their bi-
ting kil any man, yet do they much grieueand moleft them.
Met
SSi
YS
Americas Vefpuciws writeththat he found in an yfland of the fea being diftant from 7js- 4%
bona a thoufandleagies ,very great mice. The haire ofthe A x o v» r1an miccis verye
hard, and forthe moftpart likea Hedgchogges and there arealfofome which walk bolt
vptight vpon two feet, for they haue thehinder legs longer, andtheir fore-legges (hor-
ter, their procreation is alfo manifold ;and they do:likewife fit vpon their buttockes, and
they v{c their forefeet as hands. But Herodotus affirmeth thefe mice to beof Arrr1oxz,
andnotof Arc ypr;amongftthe Arrricanor Carruac: nranpaftures(faith
B hein Arrricxe towards the Orient,therearethree kinds of mice, ofthe which fome
Cyrenean
mice,
Pliny.
are called Bipedall or Two-footed, fome in the C Ax ru ^ c zx ra language Zerzeries,
which isas much in our language ashhils,fome Hedg-hegges. 5 0009s
1
: ER : E RMER 150
There are more kinds of miceinthe C y g& Atc AN region: fome which hate broad 5
foreheads, fome fharpe, fome which hiaue pricking haire in the manner of Hedge-hogs.
Icisreported that in C v n 3 s thereare diuers kinds of mice both in colour and fhape;
andthatfome of them haue asbroada countenance as a Cat ; fomc haue fharpe briflles;
and beare the forme and countenance ofavi per, which the inhabitants call Echeserajbuc
improperly,asit appeareth by the wordsof Arifferle in his bookcof wonders, '
gions wherein they enhabite, which happeneth two maner of io
Herode-
———
ju
:- Of the Indian White! | 550
|
|
| Herodotus aMo affirmeth thelike of thofe Mice, to be in fhape and colour like Vi-
pers: but Pliny and Aviftetle doe both difallow it, and fay that’ in thofe iuice there
. isjnothing common to vipers, but onely to hedge-hogges;as concerning their fharpe
briftles. | ) HEN P |
There arealfo fome Mice in Egypt which doe violently ruth vpon paftures arid corne:
of whichthings Aelianus {peaketh, faying in this mannerswhen it beginneth firft ro raine
| is Egypt, the Mice are wontto be borne in very {mall bubbles, which wandring far and
neare through all the fieldes doeaffe&the corne with great calumitie, by gnawing and
| cutting a funder with their teeth the blades thereof, and wafting the heapes of that which
ye is made in bundles, doe bring great painesand bufineffe vnto the Egyptians: by which Wl
it comes to paffe,that they endeuorall'maner of waiesto make faaresfor chem;by fetting
| of Mice-trapes;andtarepell them from their inclofures, and by ditches, and burning
/ fires to driuethem quite away : but the Mice as they will not come vnto the traps, for as (
| muchas they are apt to leape,they both goe ouer the hedges and leape ouer the ditches.
But the Egyptians being fruftrated of all hope by their labours, all fubtill inuentions
and pollicies being leftas it were of no efficacie;they betake themfelues humbly to pray
to their Godsto remooue that calamitie from them. Whereat the Mice by fome feare * !
zd. : ) ! ; wonder in
of a diuineanger,cuenas it were inbattellaray of obferuing a fquadronorder, doede- ti. Boyption
part into a certaine mountaine>Theleaft of allthefe in age doe f{tand in the firft order, Mice-
oo butthe greateftand eldeft doeleadthelaft troupes, compelling thofe which are weary
to followthem. "
But if in their iourney the leaftor yoongeft do chaunce through trauaile to waxe wea-
ry, allthofe which follow (as the manner is in wars) doe likewife {tand full, and when the '
firfibegin to goe forward, the reft doe continually follow them. It is alfo reported that
| the Mice which inhabite the'Sea doe obferue the fame order and cuftome..
| ^5 ‘The Africane Mice doevfually dieas fooneas euer they take any drinke: butthis is
eommonly proper vntoall mice, (as Ephe/ws atfirmeth) where ici written, aboue con-
3* cercerning the poyfoning of mice. Mice, (but efpecially thofe of A fricke) hauing their yaa by
| skinnes pulled off boyled with oyle and fait,and then taken in meate,doth very effe&tually *^ ^^^ *
| cure thofé whicharétróübled with any paines or difeafes in thelun ges or lights. The fame
|
|
|
Aeliauus
doth alfo eafily helpe thofe which are molefted with corruptand bloody fpextings with
etchings: ibn We Wn
3 "Thekindes of Affrican mice are diuers, fotne are two footed, fome haue:haire like Pliny
| vnto hedge-hogges, foe faces of the breadth of a Weafell * but fome call thefe mice
| Cirtnacian,fome Egyptian, as I haucbetore declared. In Arabiathere are certaine mice The Arabian
muchbiggerthen Dormice, whofe former legges are ofthe quantitie of a hand breadth, Mie
andthe hinder ofthe quantitie of the ioynt to the ende ofthe finger : I doe Ynderftand
| them tobe fofhort,that nothing thereof may feeme to appeare without the body except
|. thefpace of the ioynts of the finger, asitis in Martinets. BEN EU
‘tis faid thar che garments of the Armeniansare vfually wouen with mi&e which are. The arme~
bred in thé fame countrey,or diuerfly docked withthe fhape of the fame creature... The 222 Mice.
Author writeth ; that P//sy maketh mention of the Armenian moufe, but I haue teade yi
| no 'fuch thing : therefore he doth perchatince take the Armenian moufe for the Shrew." £507 7
|* In’ Cappadocia thereis akindc of motfe which foine calla Squirrel. Aehanis'writing of jc,
| tle Cafpian mice; Amynsas( faith he) in his booke entituled ‘De maz/ffenibus; which hé gian moule,
doth fo inféribe, faith that in C4/p;4, there doe come an infinite multitude of mice which «o9. °°
without any feare doe fwimintheflouds, which haue great and violent carrétites, and ^*^? 99%
holding ónéanottierby their tailesin their mouthes(as ic is kewife reported of NVolues) ^7
haue (üreand ftable paffage ouer the water. ^ UR CoA | DNE ree hu
go, Butwhentheypaffeóuerany tillage ofthe earth they fellthecorae, and-climing vp^ 57 ^ 7 |—O ZUM
into trees; doe eatethe fruitethereof, and breake theboughes : which when the Ca/pians ^ 27 070 To PIRE
| cansiotrefift they doe by this meanes endeuourto reftraine their turbulent incurfionss' 977 7: sub
| for theyremooue allthings whichimay hurt birds haning ctooked talents, who éome pre“ 1, pug PR l |
| ently fo flying in fuch great flockes,or companies, that they may fceme te becloudsto ^^ ^ 77 "own o
| expell the mice fromtheir borders;and by a proper gift incident vnto then By cod T : ira [ MW.
erie
AL Ge s
<=
i
at
i
!
p
OE
S===
551 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
do driue away hunger from the Ca/pians, neither in quantity are thefe Mice inferior tothe Egyptian
Ichnenmons :they are alfo vngentle, and they doeno leffe deuoure with the firength of their teeth,
then the Mice of Teredon in Babilon do iron, whofe foft skins the Marchants carry to the Perfians.
The Indian moufe, or Pharoes moufe, (as fomelearned later writers doe write) isno other then the
Ichneumon.. Antonius mn[a Brafauoltis, tooke the before expreffed figure ofan Indian moufe, (for
fo he did cal it ) which before that time was fhewn by Bellosus , and I gefledit to bean Jchneumon 5
and truely in the fnout (if youtake away the beard) and in the eares it dothagree , but in the taile it
doth differ,which doth rather refemble a cats: andin many other things,whichby conferring them
are eafic to be marked, and as I conceiued it, I haue fet ic downe. ili dii Io
\ Of the Mofchatte,or Mus-kat.., ». |
| His beafts name is deriued from the hebrew word Bofemwhich
fignifieth fweete odour, for the Germans call the fame Bi/em3&
the beaft it felfe Bifemthier. And the Grecians derine their Mof-
| chos of Moo,and ozo, tofeekc, and to fmell,and of Mefou Cheifthai, to
JY proceed out of their middle ;becaufe the true liquor commeth out of
ZN the nauel, as we fhal fhew : but I ratherthink they deriue it from the
D Arabian words Mefch fand Mi/ch, and Almifch, ‘The Italians, French,
n and Spaniards vfe Mufci, and Mu/chi,which is deriued from the later
Cheurenl du mu[ch,che.musk
IS * = SN itfelfeis called in Italy Mu/-
3x) (A p j T XD E : chie, ofthe Latine Mafehum,
M oes and Mufeatum: the Llirians
T Seno $ ien Germanis
M mel dx em. The Arabians were the
e N ». $ puc firftthat wroteany difcouery
oe ^ = of this beaft, and therfore it
- MS NT ces ought not feem ftrange that
UM all the Grecians and Latins 39
deriue thename from them.
Andalthoughthere.bee an
^ 4 n vnreconcileable difference
e T amongit writers aboutthis
T | matter, yet is it certaine that,
| they come neereft vnto the
D truth that makeit a kinde of.
La ; Roc.:for the figure, colour
\ ftature, and hornes, feeme:
eee 7 i} j toadmit no other fimilitud, 49
^ fée i ee JU ESL IS... except, the teeth which are
ae a = Ine iid oes dake tices 2.are like.
2 Bostes teeth, very white and ftraight, Aud there be fome (as.Simeon Sethi, and Aetius ) which fay
he hath alfoonehorn,but herein is a manifeft error,bicaufe no.man that euerfaw-one of thefe beafts
dothfo much as make mention therof; andtherforethe original of this error.came from the, words:
of Auicen, who writeth that his teeth bend inward like two horns. Cardan writeth that hefaw oneof,
thefe déadat Mylan which in greatnes, fafhion, and haire refembled a Roe,exceptthat thehaír was
more thick, & the colour more gray. Nowthe variety ofthe haire may arife from theregion wher-:
in it was bred. It hath two teeth aboue, and two beneath, not differing abfolutely fromthe Roein a-: .
ny thing, except inthe fauor. It is called Gazel/z,they arelefler;thinner,and more elegant creatures 5°
then the Roesare. Paulus Venetus writeth thusof this beaft. Thecreatare out of whomthe muskeis:
gathered, isabout the bignes of a cat, (he fhould fay a Roe)bauing groffe, thick haire like a Hart, &.
hoofes vpon his feet.Itisfound in the prouince of Carhay and the kingdome of Cergoth whichis fiub=:
je&to the greatking of Tartars. ^. «s anit : nine, :
Likewife ther was a moft odiferous musk catat enice which a marchátther had to be feen, brought.
a5 he faid out of Cathay & for proofe whereof he fhewed the way that he went, namely through the
ka
Il tain
Latins ; and befide the Italians cal it Capriolo del M wfco,& the French 209 © |
ws ys: Of the Murat: o. $51
Euxinefca, Colchis, Iberia, and Albania, cuentothe entrance of seythia. For the countrey
Cathay isa part of Scythra beyond Jmaus neither ought tbisto feem wonderful, for in that
lacethere wasaRegion, called by ptolomeus, Randamarcoftra, wherein he placeth the e--
p table of Afta, Tbis region is watered by the riuer Sotus, andtherein. aboundeth,
fpicknard, and the inhabitants cal rhe country wherein the belt Muskats ate bred; Ez i-. p71
mul, and the greateft citry of that Countrey singuy. Thefame Auchour writeth alfo, that, eA
| Muskattes are brought out of Egipt, and out of many places of Affricke, In. Thebeth alfo
| thercare manie Cities, ahdbeafisabourthofe cities, caldGadery, which do bring forth.
the muske,and the Inhabitants hunt them with Dogges. The pronincg of Caneeluet,doth
zo alfo yecld many of thefe beafts ,and likewife Syria. S.Zerom alto writeth thus : mu(cus ch.
Oenanthe el pegrigrini muris pellicula, by whichskinne of the firange moufe, he meaneth
| the little bag or skin wherin the muske ofthe Muskat is.enclüded. The princes of Europe: Tame musk
| — donoutith thefetame,being brought out of the new found worlde, and many other rich, ^'**
men efpecially in Italy;/be delighted withthe odorefirous fauor which. comimeth from ic.
| (Braffauolus faith ) that he faw a Marchant offer one of thefe to be fold vnto Alphen[us d ud
| of Feraria, which hadthe Nauel fullofimuske. And careremus Zenus, an auncient Noble:
man of Venice, hada Roc of this kind which he left after hisdeath ynto his heyres;and by,
this it doeth plainely appeare, thatthe Muskcat,ts neither like a Catte, nora moufe,and
tharal thofe which haugaffirmed fo muchthereof, haue bin deceiued by their ownecon-,
| 2e ic&urallderiuation of Mofeus or Mucus, or by theerrour of fome writer of the auncient;
| bookes,whichinftead e£. Magnitude Capreoli aRoeshaueinferted Casti a Cat. And thus
much thal futfice for the defcription of this beaft, and for the Regions wher it.is bred;ex- :
. cept I may ad the relation of Ludoviews Romanus who affirmeth, S themuskats of Cale- Theirftréoth
chut are brought out of the country Pegus. Thefe Roes of the new found landate wonder- nimblcn: fle
| ful nimble and quicke,and fo {wift,thatthey are fildome taken aliue, but after they are ta- and quicknes
ken by pulling our theirlonger teeth they wax tame.VVhentbey are profecuted with the cig
hunters, and with Dogges, they defend themfelues with their-teeth.In fome places they, —
take them infnares,and in ditches, alfo kill chem; with dartes and fo having killed them,
they cutoff the little bagge whercin the muske groweth, for that muske deeth exceedeia
fweetnes of Odor all the thinges that wereeuer madeby theart of man, and therefore, Of the Musk
the vfeof it is more plentifull then of any other thinge, for they carry it aboutin Gat- ape the vie
mentes... devait at boli (3i FU Pe dolia neto i
_ They make perfume of its they annointbeades whereuppon they tell their prayers, .
they alío make bals of it, and include it in Gold or Siluer,carrying it about, either to be
feene, or becaufethey are delicate and wanton, or to fhew. their riches andaboursdance, .
orto preferue themfelues from putrified and ftincking ayres, or elfe againít colde and
moift difeafes of the braine. With this the luxurious women perfume themfelues, to ens.
trap the loue of their wooers: foras the thing it felfe is avice or fickneffe'of the beaft,
fo alfoby.men itisvfedto viceand wickednefle; yerthe Venetian matrons will neuer
49-vfc it, and he that beareth itabout him fball neuer perceiueit himfelfe. — :
We haue fhewedalready, that it groweth, in the nauell;or in alite baggeneere vn-. The place
is hg. ; A : . "where the
| to it; anditis rue by Gyraldus and Zarizas, that when thebeatt beginneth to be luxuri- musk grow.
ous, and prone to therage of venery & carnall copulation, then the bloud floweth to eth,
the nauell, and there putteth the beaft to paine, becaufe it fwellechaboue meafure. The
beaft thenabftaineth from all meateand drinke, and rowleth himfelfe vpon the ground,
& fo by the waight of his body preffeth forth the humor that troubled him, which after a
cettaine time doth coagulate and congeale together, and then rendereth fuch anaccep-
table fauor,as you fee it hath. | |
The relation whereof you fball heare out of the words of Serapion. Inthe wilde Roes
| go (faith hey which wander too and fro in the mountaines freely, without the gouerment
| of man, haue in a little bagge, certaine putrified matter or bloud, which of it felfe
groweth to beripe, whereunto when it is come, the beaft itcheth, andis pained as i£ yy. iun
were with launcing;therefore he rubbeth himfelfevpon ftones, rockes, and trees ja great. esp:eítion of
whiletogether, for it delighteth him,wherby the ftones grow white through his rubbing «sk
& therefore in sime he weareth the bag a funder, making iffue vnte it for the corruptible
. matter
Alex. Bene=
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Thebel. »
muske decla J e
red by thefe the 4Uoy ding
feueral coun 1 the cods yan i rat t j
tries, ter then che blacke, except it be of: Carhá ,forthat of Catha is blacke, and beftofall. There
Syluins.
eAnicen:
Serapto,
552 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
ibatterto come forth, which prefently ranpech out vpon the fores; no othetwilethen if
s hid biulatiácedzo c 231 0^ 2101 WBNS 1907.90 AN BOON INOS TO TIUS EP TM
^^ 'Theathe wound groweth to be whóle'againe; and the beaft departeth, ‘vntil the like
éxfüpéranceofblood comeinto the fame placeagaine. Foreuery yeatethis bappened
thein. The inhabitants of the country know al che hunters of thefe Wild beafts, and there-
fóie note them where they eipry their bellies.’ For the humor fo ptefféd our as before is
declared through the heat of the funne congealeth dnd dryeth vppon the ftone; growing
shore cominendable and pleafant through the Sunriés heat; Then:come the inhabicants,
and in jictle bortelsinade’ oftheskings ofthefe bealts Which before they haue kill éd; and
foput the muske Ei ROTER ee CIS Ai big, r3: 531 Span 16 Yanan blsst lis 46
ffe Thischey fell fora great price, becatife it isthought;(and that worthily) tobe à gi Rt
"^ füffa king Burifthis muske be taken out ofthe creature by violence, then wilhee bringe
seth wo mdres yet expreffeit by his own naturallart he beareth againe, and agame. Y
greste(t caufe of this humour, is thefweetnes ofhisfoode, andthe ayre wherein they ire
bredde,therefore ifone of them be brought feto this part of the Worlde, with muske in
his cod, it wil $row to ripene’ in atemperareaire, butific bee brought without muske in
the cod, then jt wil neuer yeeld dy among vs:And beides that it liueth’bura little while.
Aad thérefore'my opinion fs, that this excrementall fiumor, is vito ittikea menftruious
. pátgation; forthe want wheréofic dieth ff peedily.Buery part of this beaftis called muske
which commeth forth of his vicerous yffue, for although’ the “other partes fmell'fweete, 2°
ct we will (hewafterwardes, more atlarge, that it is notofchemfelues, butby tealon of
nie tfta 19: anode ars fo oa eod (dado tion; o5 of 10:90 UMS
" Thepretioufnes of this thing deferueth a further treatife for thy better dire&ion and
inftrudtion óftheknowledge heercof, both for the choice of that whichis beft, and for
and putting awayeof that which is adulterate. At nice atthis day it isfold
d the Indian muskeis better chen the Affrican. Thebrowne is alwaies bet-
is fome that is yellowifh or betwixt redde and yellowe, afterthe verye fame coulouc
of Spicknard; this alfois ofthe beftfort ;becaufe the beaftes that render it, do feed vpon
Spicknard. uim CA A Eus |
| : Therefore this is good to be chofen, becaufe it cannot be adulterated, and’befides
the taft of itis bitter,and asfoone as euerit is ta fted,it prefently afcendeth to che braine,
where it remaineth very fragrant without refiftance, and isnot eafily diffoltied.. Itis not
bright within; but muddy, hauing broad graines and equall throughout, like the wood of
Baume: Bue adcording to the regions, they chufe muske in this fort. TO <9!
“Of the Indian muske, that of the Region of Sceni, (called Antebenus,) they fet in the
Git place, and next vnto it, the beaftes of the Sea fide; The muske of Cubic is knowne
o
Elluchacem. bythe chinne bladder of the beaft wherejnit is contained but that of Ger geri, is leffe Aro-
maticalland triore thicke. The muske of Caram is in the middle place betwixt both,wher-
withall they mingle powder of Gold and Siluer, to enereafe the waight. The riuské of 49 |
. Salmindy is wotft of all; becaufe itis taken out of his blather or cod, and put into aglaffe.
There arefome which preferre the Tumba/cine muske, andthey fay, thacthe odor there-
of commeth from the fweete hearbes'whereupon the beaft feedeth : and the like is: faid
ofthe Region of Sceni, but the odor isnot equall to the other. And the Twmbafcines, doe
moteather the muske after the fathions of others : For they draw not forth this matter
out of thecod; tior yet gather itin calme weather. The Cenians, they preffe foorth the
matter out ofthe ventricle,and whenthey haue it forth mingle it with dther things,and
thatin cloudy and tempeftuous weather : afterwards they put them vp in glaffes,and ftop
the mouth clofe,and fo they fenditto befold, vnto the Sarizines, andto Amanusandto —
Parfis,andto, Haharac,as if he were a T; umbefcine, NN hen thisbeaftgoeth furtheft from 5o
thefea, andfeedeth towardthe defart vpon Spikenard, then is his muske fweeter, but
when they feede neare the Sea, it is not fofragrant, becaufethey feede vpon nsyrh.
Auicen fayeth, there is fome kinde of muske like a Citron, but fuch hath not been feene
in this part of the world, for our muske is moft commonly like the colour of iron, and
the fauour of it; like a Cirenian Apple,but ftronger sand confifteth of little peeces but ic
Of the Muske Kat. : 552
is better thathangeth together and hath a fauor of the wilderneffe, but ifit be adulterated
‘with Snakes or Byrds-dung, then will it beleffer pleafant in the fauor, and alfo pinch and
offend thenofe. Hig | |
Thchunters of Tebetb, and sexi, as we haue fhewed already, do kiltheir fweet Rofe,and
afterwards take outfrom them their bladder of muske, which mask being exerped before
irbetipe, fmellech ftrongly andivnpleafantly.. Andthen they hang it vp a little while in
| the open and free ayre, wherein it ripeneth asit were by coneoction inthefun,andther-
| by receiuethan admirable Íweetneflez And the like doe diners Gardeners vfe rowardes
| Apples, and fruitesoftrees whichare gathered beforethey be ripe. For by laying them
| re vpinadry placeythey weare away their fharpneff: and become pleafant; But itis robe
| remembred tchat muskis the beft which doth ripen in his owne cod before it be taken out
of thebeatt,for before it is ripe; it fmelleth difpleafantly. |
There is not much perfeé muske brought into this part of the world;bu: the ftrength
ofit commeth from the vertue ofthe cod wherein itis put, and fo itis brought co vs, but
the beft is brought out ofthe Eaft; where groweth Spicknard and fweet! Hearbs: Reder;-
| cus Lucitanus faith that our muske is compounded of diuers things, the ground whereof
is the bloud ofa little beaft likea Cony, which is brought out of Pegawaprouenceof —
India. Butthe meanes whereby to try it may be this, after itis waied, they put itinto fome Th. tryall of
| morft or wet powdersand aftera little whilethey waighit the fecond time; and ifitexceed Muske.
iae the former waight,then dothey take it for found, perfeét,and good, butif it doe not ex-
| ceed,then dothey iudge itadultezate. - eq (1301-301 blo! zi daw cdo
Some Marchants when they are to buy muske ftopritto their nofes;'and holding their
breath run halfea ftones caft, afterwards they pulit from their Nofe and ifthey perceiue
| ‘the favor of theniuske, then dothey buy it,and take it forgood,butif northey refufe it
for corrupted. In fome Churches they make perfumes with muske, and by mingling
| Stirax, Alloes, Amber,and iuycc of Rofes, they makea perfume called Regem Suffime-
1 gium,the Kings perfume ; likewile vnto {weet waters, drawne out of the furnaces ot Chy-
mis ,whercunto they adde fimple Rofe Water, and for the richer fort of people muske
| andCamphory. ^. ; nodabv i F | Ti
xo rdreus Furnertusyo his French booke ofadotning mans nature, teacheth a compofi-
| j " tion'to be made of certaine Oyles, Sope,and Muske, And alfo ointmentesand musked
i oyles. He alfofheweth how to make little round bals of muske, and other confections;
| and afterwardes to draw a thread through the middle ofthem, and foweare themabout tearing
| ones necke. | voi ite
|
Simion Sethi
Syluias
Some putit intofilken wooll, through which they firft draw a thread, and fo diffolue it
in rofe water, afterwards make ít vp in medicines, and vfe it as aforefaid. It may be prefer-
ued in a veffell of Lead, clofe (topped along time,for the lead whichis cold and moift, a-
| grecth well with the nature ofthe muske,& therfore if à leaden veffell be wanting, fo as ye
| be forced to vie glaffe'and filuer, then mutt you put two or three pieces of lead into it,for
| 40 the better preferustion, and couering the paffage allouer with wax, and aboue all things
you muftauoidal kind of {pices taking heede that no grainethereof come into it, If while
| | it isin the veffell itlofe the fauor and be dead, then itis to beerecouered by opening the
moüth of the viall,andhanging it ouerapriuy, For whenthe ftinkeand euill fauer cora-
meth vnto it, Contra foetorem elucz atur , et quafi Inéfandoreniuiffet it fiziuech againft the
"n filthy ftinke,and asit were reuiueth in that contention, faith Z/Zerus, Albertus,and platea>
: rius.
But concerning the adulterating of muske, 1 will fay more in this place. Firft of all the Ades n
mountibanks do corrupt it by mingling with it the liuerofa calfe. Alfo bya rootecalled :aingot —
| Makir, andan hearb Salich Many times the dung of Miceis fold for musk, and fo greatis muske & "e :
| so thedeceit herein, that a man may not truft the outward (hapeofan intire codd, for there fyi,
| be impofters which can counterfeit them, and make them in all parts for the outward ap-
pearance, and fill them with certaine ftuffe, interpofing fomelittletrue muskeamong it
vnitillithauea reafonable fauor, and therewithall deceiue fimple people. |
Itisalfo adulterated by mingling with italie Goates bloud fryed, or brownebread
ftyed, fo that three or foure partes of thefe, will receiue feafonable taft from one
ee part
The prefer
uing of musk
si
er c ve
Ecce DASS D ES
- —
354
Herbestelé- (lowers, Muske-Grapes,the leaues of a winter Cherry, and an Hearbe growing neare 2
Pe, Ba/ill withouta name like wilde Parfley, the Damafine-rofe, and many other. VVilde cats
. 4 x
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beajis.
art of the muske. Itis alfo adulterated in the skin by putting peecesof the skin into it,
and it may be knownefrom the crue muske, becaufeitwill waigh twicefo heauy «~The
sarazensv(e this fhift aboueall others,and thereis one principallway of making coun-
terfet muske, whichis this, chey.také Nutmegs, Mace, Cinamon, Cloues , Gillidowers, *
and Spikenard, of euery one ahandfull, all thele being
beate diligently together; and
dryedand fifted,they are mingled with the warme bloud ofa Doue, and afterwards dri-
ed in the Sunne, then are they feauen times fprinkled oucr; or moyftened, with the VVa-
ter of muske-Roafes, and betwixt every fprinkling they are dryed ; Atlengththey min-
gle cherewithalla third or fourth part of true ntusk, and thenfprinkleit oucragaine with
Muske-rofe-water,fo deuide it into three or fourelumps; and take the white haires from 10
vnder the taile of aRoe or Kid, and fo put it ina veffell of glaffe.
Benyuine, white-waxe taken out of anew Hiue of Bees, the rotten part of Eue-tree,
and alittle Muske,are mingledaltogether to make a counterfeit Amber, for it will fmell
like ciuet, or muske,or elfe Stirax, and the powder of Lygnum-aloes with Ciuet, and
Rofe water,but the fraud in one & other is eafily deprehended, for boththe odor andthe
colourare different from tbe true Amber, and alío it will fooner wax foftin water,then
that which is naturall. j , ;
corrupt their Muske with the feede of Angelica, or rather with theroote
of it, becaufe the roote fmelleth {weete like Musk, but the cofinage may be eafily difco-
Somedo
uered, by putting it into water.
Thetrue Muske is fold for forty
For the Angelica will finke, and the Muske willfwimme. 29
fhillingsan ounceat the leaft. Itisalfo-obferued by Ar- |
— meldus Villanouanus, thatinthe prefence of Affafatida or Caftoreum, the beft muske will
hauea horribleand intolerable fauour,aithoughthey touch notone another which can-
not be afcribed to any knowne reafon, but to fomefecret innature, The fweeteneffc of
the Arabian muskeis defcribed by Alciatus in this verfe 5
Et celebris fuaui, eft unguine mufcus Arabs.
Therebe diuers Hearbs which fimellfi weete like muske,as Angelica, Dorfis, Muske-Gili-
and Martins doalfo renderan excrement much like muske, and there are Hares called
- Mofchie which leaue fuch anintolerable fmell in the'impreffion oftheir footefteppes,
ges by touching them growe madde, as wee hauc fhewed in the flory
‘And thus much for the defcription ef this beaft, nowfolloweth the medi-
thatthe Dog
ofthe Hare:
cines.
The medicines ofthe Muske-cat.
A very little part or quantity of a. Muske-cat is of great yertue and efficacy 5 where-
foreitis very fparingly vied in medicines or potions, neither isthere any part thereof
beaten or bruifed as it is ofall other beafts, but it is melted and diffolued in water which
proceedeth from the fweeteft Rofes. It is alfoa beaft which is very hotand dry, but ra-
ther mord dry then hot, yet notwithftanding the fame his heate isaffwaged andallayed
by no other thing but onely the Gum called Camphire, and his drineffe is onely moyft-
ned or mollified with Oyles and very fweet, as oile of violets, and oile of Rofes. Amongit
fweete {mels and fauours the principalleft and chiefeftlaude and commendationis attri-
buted vato the fell which p
his odoriferous and delightfull fauour pleafe and content the fcent of men,
roceedeth from the muske cat : Forhe doth not onely with
but alfo doth jo
ftrengthenthe fpirits,andallthe partes of mans body, yea andthat in amoment, for the
flenderneffe of his partes, whichalthough it doth forthwith pen
{cent of man, yet doth it endure longer, and is not fo fpeedily or
fcentor fauour of any other fweete fmell whatfoeuer .
etrate or enter intothe
quicklie diffolued as the
A
Of the Muske-kat. 555
A musk-catand the hearb called Mercuries-fingers or Dogges-bane,being giuenin
| | purging medicines to drinke, do greatly renewand refrefh the decayed ftrength or force
I of thofewhich hauebeene before times weakened with diuers and continual medicines in
|
|
their mébers. The fame isalfo very profitable for thofe whichare effeminate or defe&tiue,
| andecclipfed in their mind or courage, as alfo for thofe which are weak and fecble intheir
' ioyats, not by any hurt, or any other cafuallity being enfeebled,but being alwaies fo euen
| from their childhood.A musk-cat is an excellét remedy for thofe whichare troubled with Symeon
| fearein their hart, and alfo for thofe which doquiuer or (hake either for fear or any other
| thing throughoutall the parts of their body. The fameisa very profitable and medici-
nable cure for thofe which are gricued with any ach or painein their head or with any en- ,
4 : mo B ; ; x ma, NOS s) [fidorus
J|. 19 ormity or trouble in their liuer,andis alfo being given fimply by it felfe, without any thing
| mixed in it or compounded in winejis very good and wholíome for the healing and curing
ofthofe who haue any paine or griefe in their ftomacke, which commeth by the occafion
of any cold.
A muske-catte being put vnto the body of any man inethe forme or-manner ofa
plaifter, doth confirme and make ftrong both his hart; andallshe reft of his bowels, or in- Diofcorides
terior parts : it doth moreouer enc reafe both ftrength and power inall his members,yea -
and in the very bories, the efficacy thereof is of füch power andvertue. Thefame being
| layed orannointed vpon the head,is very effe&ualforthe expelling or driuingaway ofthe
| rheume whichfalleth from the head into the noftrils,and byxhat means procureth heaui-
|^ 20 neffeinthefame,and forthe amending and curing ofthe fwimming dizzines or giddines
inthe head through the aboundant humors which remaineand flay therein, and alfo fot
the bridling and reftraining of luftand venery. B aote
The fame being vfed in theaforefaid manner doth temperareand confirme the brains
ofany man, befides it eafeth and helpeththofe which haue paite about their heart by the
| which they fuppofe their very heartto ake. Thefinell of this beaft is both profitable and
| hurtfull, for vnto thofe which are cold of conftitution,the {cent is very pleafant in regard
that is it hot of ic felfe,and is very delightful in their fauors : but voto thofe which are hot
| of nature ít is very noifome, in regard that the heatand ftreng {cent therof ouercommeth
] their fences, and oftentimes caufeth their heads to ake, andbe fullofpaine, and doth al- z45
i alíoftir vp in them that peftiferous difeafe called thefalling fickneffe : but vato women
| whichare ofa hot or fiery conftitution itis more hurful &noifome,forit breedeth inthem
| a very peftiferous difeafe which choketh their matrice or wombe, & caufech them often-
| times to fwound, itis called by fome the mother, The fncezings ofa muske-cat is an ex- Zirafatolus
* cellentremedy againflthe refolution of the finnewes or the palfie. A muske-cat is very
good & wholfome for the helping and curing of thofe which are troubled with any deafe-
neffe or aftonifhment in any part of their bodies, as alfo for the driuing away of melan-
cholicke and forrowfull paffions out of mens mindes, and for the incitating delightful
myrthand pleafureinthem. | ROT.
"n A musk-cat being mixed and mingled with dry plaifters which are vfed for the healing
| 4° ofthe cies, iaan excellent remedy forthe expelling and driving away of the white skinne
which doth viually couer the fight, and for the drying vp of moiftrheumes and humors
which in the night time do fall from the braines and, the head, and by thatmeanes doth
much hurtand damage the fight of the cies, as alfo for the clarifieng and healing vp of a-
ny paincor difeafe therein.
A muske-cat is an excellentremedy for thofe which hauea defire to vomitand can-
not, it dothalfo renewe an appetite or ftomacke in thofe vntill their victuals which doe
loath andabftaine fromall fuftenance, and doth loofen and diffolue all thicke puffinges
or windineffe in the interior parts or members of any one,
A muske-catte being mingled with a caufticke medicine, is very profitable and Pigtearins
50 wholfomefor the bringing forth of thofe Womens menfes or fluxes which are ftopped,
and alfo for mouing conception in thofe women which are hindered in it by the occafion
of fome great cold’ *
| Ecce 2 A
las SS ee
sox
‘
SS
=
SE E:
=
AE
E:
=
REN
3s = E CU
SSS
—:
=~
ee ae
€—À
E i
—
556
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
A medicine or fuppofitary being made ofambergryfe, and mingled with a {weet gumme
comming out of syria called styrax, and then mixed both to gether witha muske-cat and
fo beaten; vntill chey come vnto a certaine falue, and layed vnto thefecret parts of a wo-
eAuicenna manis very good for theaforefaide difeafe. "Thereisa certaine iuyce or moiftneffe ina
musk cat which being preffed forth or diffolued, arid mixed withthe Oyle called Palma
Chrifty, and annointed vpon the yard ofany man, doth für him vp to luft and venery. If)
theleaft part ofa musk-cat be eaten by any one whichis troubled with a ftinking breath; '
it will prefently expell and take away the ftink thereof. And thus much fhalfuffice concer-
ning the cures ana medicines of the musk cat.
The feuerall
names,
OF THE MVEE,
Mule fecing his Image in the water, grew to bea
vpon tooke his heeles and rán away as faftas he could; neither c
Plutarch . Wit ofbiskeepers: Atlength the muleremem
® hiscourfe and came backeagainetieighing. T
ines, andthe Spaniards. The French mulet,
Mula Jike the Lat on
the Englifh word Mule. The Germans mulehire, or mulefel. The Wliri-
whence cominetl
ans mefeck, and the Flemings zal.
Diwers kinds [here isanother kind of mules in Syréa,
of Mules.
—
Pia.
The genera-
tion of Dur-'
dons,
The partsof that is, abaftard mule. Forasthem
Burdon more refembleth the horfe then the Affe,
rhules &their
colour.
10
-
bring that hewas the fon ofan Affe,he ftaied
he Italians calla mule Male, and the female ;
and the female Male, from
diuers from thofewhich are procreated by the
copulation ofa mareand an affe 8c they receiue their names fro the fimilitude of their fa-
ces. For thereis no other caufe,
fimilitude of tame Affes.Andas a
alfoamong thefe Syrian m
rocreate in their ownekinde,andadmitno mixture,
them which were brought into Phrygia, in the daies of Pharmacas,
zi, Theophraftrus alfo reporteth, thatin Capp
which 47i/totleremembreth in his wonders,
eAchanuss are akind of catrelamongt
| the mares do willingly admitthe Af
of all other for running.
Butamong the IndianPhy
gerthenR
otten betwixt a Horfe, and a fhee- Affe,
why wilde Affes fhoulde be called Affes, but onely their
mong wilde Affes fome of them are fingularly fwift, fo
ules, there are fome excellent {peedy courfers. Thefe mules
which Ariffotle ‘proued by nine of
the father of Pharnaba-
adocia,the mules engender among themfelus,
and hee might well haue fpared it, for they
hemfelues. There be flocks of Affes and mares in India,where
es in copulation, and bring forth red mules, the beft
llians, theit Affes, mules Oxen and Horfes, are no big-
ams.As the mule is begotten betwixt an Affe and a mare; fo the Burdon is be-
wherefore the Italians call him Mulo Bajtardo,
ule moretefembleth the Affe then thehorfe, fo the
thereafonis, becaufe all kinds followe
the futher. The mule hath fome parts proper to the Affe, as long eares, a terrible voyce,a
croffe vpon the fhoulders, {mall feet, aleane body, andin alother things it refembletha
horíe. Thelength of their eares ferueth infteed of their foretop,their colours fomewhat
browne, but it varieth, forthe Roman Cardinals hauc mules ofan afh-colour, and thofe
very great ones with long tailes.
They
E
40
=
}
D
i)
| My
Of tbe Mule.
CSS N
SS
My
e
ro NN
: | N ! AY Wor
NT S JAN GSS = aN
\ à Mss Ra NS
MR = 72 AY AAR GSES =
DARE Te 5 i | a :
: NN | ' ie Y d NS N =— er
A 2 WN "
T uU la Y XY, An \ N :
| AAI LiYy Bas : S SE Oe
X —s 7 Ly INR :
" MN Sa 7 " X S » | : : |
ANN \ N X * S B Ly, ) S |
3 NN : / | | ; |
i X \ L = ; I) P N S . S
4 = Z /; v ! 2 :
IL v 7) : AN SSS Du
== ASS |
E = A
xs
UP
X
e
7] Ke
= IIA pe z AA =
NS "Ss N-
«
SSS
ordin HER SORE
a
Tes oe
558
The feede
of Affes,
Mrzaldus
Diofcorides
Thelenghtof
a Mules life.
Ariftotle
Aelianus
The genera-
tid ot Mules,
"The election
ofa Mare to
beare Mules,
Pliny
The choice
ofa male.
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
They change their teeth and haue in number fixe and thirty, their Neckeislikethe Neck
ofan Affes, long, but not flanding vpright, their bellies fimpleand of one quantity. They
want a gall like all foure-footed-beaftes, and there isa thing in their heart like abone, as
we haue fhewed hefore in the ftory of the Affe.
They eate {uch food as Horfles, and Affes do, but they grow fat by drinking, yer they
- drinke notlikea Horfe by thrufting intheir Nofes into the water, but onely touch it with
their lips.
rhe} lone Cucumbers aboueall other meates, but the flowers and leaues of Rododa-
phneare poyfon to Mules and Affes, andto many foure-footed.beaftes. Both a Mule
and ahorfe grow from the firft comming forth oftheir teeth, (by which their ageis dif-
cerned) and after all their teethare comeforth, itis hardtoknowtheirage. The females
inthis kind are greater, more liuely and liue longer then the males. It hath beene found
that they haue liuedto fourefcore yeares ofage. Suchaone was prefented at Athens, at
what time Pericles builded the Temple of Mizerwa, where by reafon of his age,he was dif-
miffed from all labour, yet afterwardes he would not forfake his companions, but went
with them, exhorting them with neighing to vndergoe the labour cheerefully ; Where-
vponthere wasa publike decree, that the faide Mule fhould haue an ordinary of pro-
uender appointed him in Prytaninm, andthat no body (hould driue him away from their
. Corne when he eate it, although it were in the Market place.
We haue (hewedalready that this Beaft is engendered betwixt an Affea Mare, and
therefore ifa man would create vnto himfelfea notable breede of Mules, he muftlooke
tothe choyce both of his Male and Female. Firft of all for the female, that fhee be of a
great body ,of found bones,and of fingular.good thape, wherein he muftnot fo much
expe& her velofity or aptneffe torunne, as her ftrength to endure labour, and efpecial-
ly to beare in her wombe a difcordant Foale, begotten by an Affe, and to confer vpon it
both the properties of his bodie, andthe difpofition. For when Mares do vnwillingly
receiuethe genitall feede of the Affe, the Fole doth not grow to perfe&ion inthe Mares
belly, vntill fhe.haue boroeit thirteene monthes, whereby it refembleth morethe flug-
gifh and dul nature of his father;then the vigor of his mother. But for the helping oftheir
copulation, they pull certaine haires out of the taile ofthe female, and afterwardes binde
them together therewith. .
Thereisno leffer regarde tobe had of the Stallion, left the want of iudgmentin the
choyee ofhim do fruftrate the experiment; Seeing therefore they are engenderedbe-
twixt a Mare andan Affe, or betwixt a Mare and a wilde-Affe, and the Mule, begotten
betwixt the wilde Affe and the Mare doth excell all others, both for fwiftneffe of courfe,
hardneffe of foote, and generofity of ftomack : yetis the tame Affe better for this breed
then the wilde Affe, for he will be more beatttifull in outward forme, and more tra@able
in difpofition ; Andthe Mules engendered by wilde-Afles, may be compared to thefe;
yetcan they neuer be fo tamed butthey retaine fome qualities oftheir Wilde-Father ;
Andthereforea Mule begotten betwixt them ( I nieane betwixt awilde male Affe and a
tame female Affe ) are fitter for Nephewes then for fonness that is, their Foales may be-
get good Mules, and fuch as are tamable andtra&able, becaufe defcent breaketh the
corruption of nature, butthemfelues do neuer proue profitable.
And therefore it is moftcommodious and neceflary to gett fuch a Stalion Affe to
the procreation of Mules, whofe kinde by experiment 1s excellent, and outward partes
euery way acceptable, fuchas thefeare;a long and great body,a ftronge Necke, fironge
and broade ribs, a wide breaft full of mufcles, loines full of finnewes, ftronge compacted,
legges of colour blackifh or fpotted, forthe moufe colour is too vulgar, and isnot fitina
Mule. For it is but folly ina man to allow and approue,euery colour he looketh vpon,and
therefore (Cellumeila writeth when there arefpots vpponthe tongue and pallet ofa Ram,
füchalfo arefound in the wooll ofthe Lambe hebegetteth.
And foalfoifian Affe haue diuers coloured haires vpon his eye browes, or vpon his
eares, thefoalehe bringeth forth hath fuch colours in his skin; And hereunto agreeboth
Paladins, and Abfertus faying Hethat wil haue a good breed of Mules,muft getan Affe
of Elegant forme, agreat ftaturc; fquare members, a great head notlike a acc his
ace,
HC
20
30
49
$0
Ofthe Mule.
face,cheekes,and lips not final, his eies ftanding out of his head, and not little or hollow,
broad Nofthrils, great eares, not hanging down, but ftanding vpright ; abroad and long
necke,abroadebreaft, rough with the pleights ofhis mufcles, and {trong to endure the
kickings ofthe mare :great breaftes, platesand other partes vnder his fhoulders, and fo
downeto his legges, which ought to beftrong, broad, and corpulent, and ftanding farre
affunder,fo ashe may eafily couerthe mare.
A greatbacke, and broad backe-bone, neither hollow nor ftanding vp withbunches,
bearinga dire&tline vpon the middle.His fnoulders not low but ftanding vp,the hipbone
fuland longe, not bendingtoo narrowely nor pinde buttockt, nor fianding out fharpe,
and they are beft which haue the fhorteft tailés.
19. — Furthermorelet his ftones be great, his knees great and round, ftanding bothalike,
his legges bony and without fle(h nothing appearing in them butneruesand skin 5 not
ftanding awry, nor yet of diuers colours, his pafterns nothigh, nor yet ouer-Iow : his feet
not low nor bending inward, his hoofe thicke and hellow within the inward part of it be-
ing cleare,according to thefaying of Tavewall :
Namá, biemunda ,nitet vngula Mule.
His voice cleareand not hoarfe, for fo the mare wil be terrified from copulation.His co-
Jour oughtto be likewife cleare, as all black, hauing no white belie , or fomewhat looking
towards purple, and hauing one blacke {pot vppon his mouth, or rather a blacke tongue
and fuchas haue bin brought vp with horfes. _
2o Iris the fafhion offometotake wilde Affesto tame them,to make Stalions for genera-
tion, forthey beget the beft Mules, if they be liberally fedand not enclofed, and neuer
waxe wilde againe if they bee putamong tame Affes. And the young onefo gotten by
him, will belike the fyer : and ifany hauea defireto make the Mules of ftrange colours,
they muftcouer the female with a cloth of that colour wherewithal they defire the young
one to be foaled, as we haue (hewedalready inthe difcourfe of Horfles, whereby there
arerayfed many excellentkinds and rafes ; or elfe they bring in their prefence atthe time
» e of their copulation fome greatmale Horfle or Affe, by the fight whereof they are made
more fruitfull : oragaine, fome bafe and difpifabie beaft being offered to their view,doth
make them to conceiue morenoble Mules.
Ifthe wilde Afles beatany time heauy, and not willing to couer the Mare, then let
there be another female Affe brought intothe prefence, by the fight whereof his luftfo
burneth that he rageth almoftto madneffe for copulation: And therefore being denyed,
the Affe doth morewillingly leape vpon the Mare, whom beforehe loathed. Againe,
it muftbe regarded, thatthe Stalion beetyedand bound faft, fo that he may not couer
the Mare after fhe is with foal, nor yethaueacceffe vnto her, leaft by kicking andbiting
he caufe abortment, for many times they breake their bonds afunder, and greatly trouble
the females with young, therefore they are accuftomed to fome labour, which taketh
downethe heate of their luft : yet at the time that they areto couerthe Mares, you muft
vfe all diligencetoawaken thedroufie nature of thebeaft,fothat with greater fpiritthe
49 (ecdc ofthe maleand female may mecte together.
The Affes of Lybia wil not couer mares that haue manes vntil they be fhorne off, for
it feemeth they difdaine that their femalesíhoulde haue more ornamentesthen them.
felues, which aretheyr husbands.
WVc baue fhewed already in the difcourfe ofthe Affe, that mares doe not willingly ad-
559
eAbfirtns
mit any Stalion Affeto couer them, except itbe fucha oneas did fuckea Mare, which -
we called a horfe-fuckling or Equimulgus. For this caufe men that propound vato them-
felues to nourifh rafes of Mules, take the colt ofan Affe fo foon asit is foald and put to it
a mare giuing milke in fome darke place,wherein the mare not doubting any fraud, is de-
ceitted,and willingly yealdeth her vdders to the Affes foales whereunto being accufto-
so med for ten daies together, atlaft (he takerhit for her own, and fucha Stalion Affe loueth
mates exceedingly :and on the other fide, the Marerefufeth not him.And fome fay; that
although they fucketheir mothers milke, yet if from thetime of their weaning they bee
brought vp among Horfle-Colts, it is as good as ifthey had fucked mares.
Ifthe Affe be {mall which is a Stalion, he will quickly waxe olde, and hisyflue be Ee
| ? worfe,
560
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
worfe, therefore they muft prouidz the largeft and ftrongeft Affes; and nourith them
with the beft hay and barly, chat fo his ftrength may abound before his copulation. He
ought not to be vader three yeares olde, nor yet brought vnto a Mare whichneverknew
maie, for fuch a one will beate him away with herhecles and mouth,and bring him into
perperuall hatred withthatkind ; wherefore they víeto bring fome vile and vulgar Affe
into the prefenceof the Mare, asit wereto woo her, and prouoke her to copulation, that
fo if fhe beate him away it may be no hinderance to the Stallion, but if fhe feem to admit
him, and defirous ef copulation, then they take him away, and bring the appointed Stali-
on into his roome, and fothe Mule is engendered.
For the effecting of their copulation, xi mutt bea place appointed for the purpofe,
betwixt two wals,hauing a narrow paffa ge,that fo the Mare may not hauc liberty to fi ght
with the Affe, and the Mares head muft betyed downe toa Manger or racke, the ground
being fo fafinioned, that her forefeet may fland much lower then her hinder,and foafcend
backward;to the intent that the affe may more eafily leape vpon her back, and fne receiue
thefeed moredeepely . When the Mare hath brought forth the Mule, fhe giueth it fuck
halfe a yeare, and then driueth it away which oughtro be brought vp in fome Mountains
er hard places, that fo the hoofes may grow hard and indurable.
Having thus difcourfed of the generation of Mules, it now followeth that we fhould
enquire whether Mules thus engendered betwixtan Affeanda Mare, doth likewife bring
forth in their ownekind. Obferuatumef (faith Pliny) duobus dinerfis generibus terty generis
feris c nentriparentum effe fimilia, ead, ip{a qua ita mata int, non gignere, in omni animali-
Apo genere, id civeo mulas now parere. Thatis te (ay 5 It hath beene obíerued,that out of two
diuers kinds, a third hath beene engendered, and yet like to neither of the parents, and
thofe fo engendered did not procreate others in the vniuerfall kiad ofbeaftes,or among
al creatures ; And therfore Mules conceiued betwixt Affes and Mares,do not bring forth
young. Whereupon Camerarivs made this pretty riddle ofa mule. :
Difftmilis patri matri dinerfafigura
Confuft generis, generi son aptapropage,
Ex alijs na[cer wee qui[ quam nafeitur ex ente
Democritus isof opinionalfo, that Mules cannet conceiue,and that their fecret places
are not like other beaftes, and the iffue of confufed kinds can neuer engender, bur efpeci-
ally in a Mule, becaufeit is made of divers feedes, ( Imeane diners in quantity, and al-
moft contrary) for the feede ofthe Affeis cold, and the feede of the Mare is hor,
Ariftorle difputing ofthis matter concerning thofe kinds that are procreated of diuers
parents, writeth in this fort, thofe beafts ioyne in copulation, whofe kinds although they
are divers, yet are not their natures very difagreeable. Ifthe quantity and flature be alike,
aad the times of going with young be cquall, yetthey remaine barren that are fo begot-
Yo
ten, of which caufe Empedecles and Democritus yeald reafon : Empedesles ob{curely. and 42
5 / f ví 5
Democritus more plainly but neither of thé both wel;for they alledge the fame demonftra-
tion about all beafts out of their kind. Dempocritws faith, that the paffages of the Mules are
corrupted in their wombes, becaufe their beginning doth nor confift ofoneand the fame
kind; but this is no reafon, for that it happeneth alfo to other beaftes that do engender.
Empedocles he y ealds a reafon out of Pi#tareh,about the ioyning together of the feedes,
and therefore compareth itto a commixtion of tinne and Braffe together, but hee faith
he doth not vnderftand their meaning, and therefore proceedeth to expreffe his owne
opinion inthefe words. Frift(faith he) euery one ofthe Males dobeget one of their own
kinde,but the females cannot conceiue, and this is no great wonder, becaufe that Horffes
are not alwaies fitte for generation,nor Mares to bring forth Coltes beyng couered : 5%
and therfore when aflesand mares doe couple together, their iffve may be more barren
becaufe they receiue the greater hinderance in the diuerfity ofkinde ; for befides the
coldneffe of the Affes feed which may bee one great caufe of his barrenneffe, they haue
another property, ifthey doenot breed and engender beforethe cafting of theyr Coltes
teeth,
Of the “Mule. 56i
Colts-teeth, they remaine fteriland ‘barren al their life long - for fo doth the generatiué
power of the Affes body reft vpon a tickle and Nice-point, apt to rife, or eafie to fal away
| tonothing.|
d And in like fort, isa horfe prone to barrenneffe, for it wanteth nothing but cold fub-
1 ftance to be mingled with his {eede, which commeth thento pafle whenthe feede of the
| Affe is mixed with it, for there wanteth but very little, but that the Affles feed waxeth bar-
| renin his owne kind, and therefore much more when it meeteth with that whichis befide
his natureand kind. n; ' 1 s5nsh
| This alfo hapneth to Mules, that their bodies grow excceding great, efpecially be:
| caufe they haue no menftruous purgation, and therefore wherethere isan annual bree-
E? ding ot procreation, by thehelpe and refrefhing of thefe flowers, they both. conceiue
and nouri(h 5 now thefe being wanting vnto miles, they are the more vnfitte to procrea-
| tion. : Ho Ts
| The excrementsoftheir body inthis kindethey purge with their vrine, which ap ea-
reth becaufe the male-mules teuer fmell to the fecretsofthe female, but to their vrine,
andthe refidue which is not voided in the vrine, turneth to encreaíé the quantity and
greatneffe ofthe body, whereby it commeth to paffe, that ifthe female mule doe con-
ceiue with foale, yet is (he notable to bring it forth to perfection, becaufe thofe thinges
are difperfedto thenorifhment of her owae body, which fhould be imployed about the
nourithment of the foale: and for this caufe, when the Egyptians defcribe a barren wo-
man, they picturea mule. ' | P oru:
Alexander Aphroditins writeth thus alfo of the fterility of mules:Mules (faith he;feem , Auzmbleni.
to be barren becaufe they confift of beafts divers in kind, for the commixtion of feedes
which differ both in habite and nature, doceuermore workefomething contrary to na-
ture, forthe abolifhing of generation ; for asthe mingling together of blackeand white
colours do deftroy both the blackeand white, and producea {wart and brown,and ncy-
ther of both appeare in the browne} fo is it in the generation of the mules, whereby the
habituall and generative powerofnatureis vttetly deftroyed in the created compounde,
which before was eminent in bothkindes, fimpleand feuerall.Thefe things faithhe.
Alemaon ashe is related by Plutarch, (faith) that the male mules are barren by reafon
3° ofthe thinneffe and coldües of their feed,and the females becaufe their wombes are (hut |
vp, and the veines that fhould carry inthe feede,and expell out the menftruous purgati-
on, are vtterly ftopt. And Empedocles and Diccles fay, thatthe wombe islow, narrowe, and
the paffages crooked that leade into it, and that therefore they cannot receiue feede, or
| conceiae with young; whereunto I doalfo wilingly yeeld, becaufe it hath bin often found
| that women haue beene barren for the fame caufc. To concludetherefore; mules beare
very fildome and that in fome particular Nations if it be natural, or clfetheir coltes are
prodigious; and accounted monfters.
! i Concerning their natural birth, in hot regions where the exterior heat doeth temper
the coldneffe of the Affes feed, there they may bring forth.And therefore columella and
49 Varro fay, thatin many parts of Affricke,the Colts of Mules are as familiar & common,
asthe Colts of mares isin any part of Europe.
Sothen by this reafon it is probable vnto me, that mules may engender in allhotte Mules engen
| Countries, asthere wasa mule did engender often at Rome 5or elfe there is fome other 4"
| caufe why they do enge nder in Affricke,and it may be that the Affrican mulesare liketo
| the Syrian mules before fpoken of, that is, they area fpecial kinde by themfelues and are
called mules for refemblaunce, and not for nature. It hath beene feenethat amule hath
brought forth twinnes, butit was helda prodigy. Herodotus in his fourth book reco rdeth
| thefe two ftories of a mules procreation,when Darts (faith heybefieged Babslon, the Ba-
bilonians {corned his army, and getting vp to thetop oftheir Towers, did pipe and dance
5° intheprefence of the Perfians,an dalfo vtter very violentand oprobrius{pecehes a gaioft
Darius and the wholearmy , amongeft whom one ofthe Babiloniahs faid thus : Quid i/fic
deffdetis à Per[2., quim potius ab[eeditis , tune ex pugnaturi nos cumpeperint Mula.O ye Perfi-
ans why do you fitheer,wifdome would teach youto depart away for when mules bring
forth y oung ones, then may yououcrcome the Babilonians. Thus fpake the Ren
belee-
~
562
A hiftory of
Mules,
The inuen.
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
beleeuing that the Perfians fhould neuerovercome them, becaufe of the common pro-
uerbe, Epean emionei tekofiz,when a mule beareth young ones. But the poore man fpake
truer then he was aware of, for this followed after a yeare and feuen monthes: While the
fiedge yetlafted, it hapned that certain mules belonging to Zopyrus, the fonne of Mega-
bizus brought forth yonng ones, whereat their maifter was much mooued, whilehee re-
membred the aforefaid fong ofthe Babslonian, ahd that therefore he might be made the
Author ofthat fa&; communicated the matter with Daviws, who prefently entertayned
thedeuice, therefore Zopirus cut off his owne nofe and eares, and fo ranneaway tothe
pabilenians telling them that Darias had thus vfed him, becaufe he perfwaded him to de-
art with his wholearmye from Babilon , (which hee faide) was inexpugnable and inuin-
cible. The Babilonians {eeing his wounds, and trufting to their owae ftrength, did eafilye
iue credencevnto him, for {uch is the natare of menz;thatthe beft way to. beguile them
is, to tel them of thofe thinges they moftdefire, for fo aretheir hopes perfwaded before
they receitieany affuranices.Butto procéed, Zopyrus infinuated himfelfe further into the
fauor of the Babilenians and did many valiant ates againft the Perfians, whereby he got
fo much credit,that at laft he was made the generallofthe whole Army, and fo betraied
the Citty vnto thé handesof Darius : thus was Babilon taken when Mules brought foorch.
Another mule brought fortha young one, at whattime Xerxes paffed over Zellefpont , co
go againft Gracia with his innumerable troopes of fouldiors, and thefaid mule fo broght
forth, had the genitals both of the male and female. !
Vntothis I may adde another ftory out of Swetonius, in thelife of Galba Ce[ar.As his
father was procuring Augurifmesor deuinations, an Eagle came and tooke the bowelles
out of his hands,and caryed them into a fruit-bearing-oake; he enquiring what the mea-
ning of that fhould be, receiued an fwere, chat his pofterity fhould bee Emperours, but it
would be very long firft, whereunto he merily replied 5 Same cum mula pepererit; I fir, when
a mule brings forth young ones: which thing afterwardes happened vnto Galba, for by the
birth of a mule, he was confirmed in his enterprifes when hee attempted the Empire, fo
that, that thing which was a prodigy and caufe of forrowe anda wonder to all other peo-
ple, was vnto him anominous confirmation of ioyeand gladnes, when hee remembered
his grand-fathers facrificeand faying. Therefore it was notill faide ot Democritus; Mula
non matur. opus, fed humana machinations ,adulterinum inventum, cy furtum effe videntur.
Mules arenot the proper worke of nature, butanadulterous invention of humaine poli-
cy, robbing nature : for (faith he ) whena certaine Medias founde his Affe couering of
his mare; whereuponafterwards the fell to be with foal, and feeing the yeng one to com-
tion of mules ynicate with both natures, they drew it into a cuftomto couer the Mares with their Affes
Aelianus,
e/^triftote
forthe en gendrin offuchabreed.
Som e are of opinion that mules firft began amonge the Paphlagonians, which before
the Troyanwarre were called Eneti,and afterwards Veneti : but in Gen. 36. wee finde that
Ansathe father in law of E/au keeping his fathers Affes did inuent Gewim, that is, mules.
as fome interpret. Butrather I beleeve, that while Affes and Horfes ranne wilde inthe
wilderneffe among themfelues, the wilde Affes firft beganne thisrace. The maleat feuen
yeares old may engender, becaufc he is ofa hotcer nature then the female, and alfo doth
notin his generation conferreany part of his b odily groath to the yong one,and fome-
times he engendereth when he hath lofthis foremoft teeth, and after the firft copulation,
heneuerengendreth more. The young one fo generated, is called Giamus and Pumilio,for
the quantity itisa very dwarfe, according to the obferuation of Martiall :
ofa mules
toale.
His tibi de mulis non eff metuendaruina
Altius in terris pene (edere foles.
Suchas thefe werekept in the Court ofthe Duke of Ferraria, andalthough inal thinges
they refemble the mother, yetare named after thefather, and {uch alfoarethe Burdones
before {poken ofin the ftory ofthe horfe. Mules are begotten both by Mares;íhe-A ffes,
and Bulles, but yet thofearethe beft that arebegotten betwixt an Affe and amare; And
thus much for the generation of mules, it EN
They are nourifhed with the fame meatethat Horfes and Afies are, annoyed with the
fame fickneffes, and cured with the fame means, generaly blood-letting is good for them 7
an
40
go
Of tbe Afule. ‘ 563
and for their dyet Bullimunge. In scyrhia they can ablde no cold, and therefore thehor-
fes are there vied inflead of Mules.In fome countries the Horfes can abide no colde, but
the Affesand Mules beare it out (as Herodotus writeth,) and as we haue thewed before in
the ftory ofthe Affe: when the Gracians were at Troy, and were deftroyed by a confu-
ming peftilence, the firfte ofall their company tliat dyed were their Dogges and their
Mules, aiid thereafon ofit was ,becaufe the peftilence arifing out of the earth, they by the
| fenceoffmelling whichis very quicke in both kinds,did firft of all draw in that poyfonne
| fromthe earth. . | if
Collumella faith, that the medicines forthe Oxen doe alfo cure raules, yet thereare Sicknefes of
10 fpcciall medicines nottobee negleéted, which we will expreffe inthis place. For a mule "iria
that hatha Feuer, giue herraw Cabbadge,and for one that is (hort winded vfe blood-let- Mr
ting, and fora drinke giuc ita pinte of wine and oyle mixed with halfe an ounce of Fran-
kinfence, and halfe a pint of the iuyce of Hore-hound.For the fcratches or difeafe in the
|! hooues, lay toit Barley meale, then makefuppuration with aknife, and cure it by laying
two linnencloathes,or by a pinte ofthe beft Garum,anda poundof oyle infufed into the
teft Nofthrill ofthe Mule, whereunto you may adde, the whites of three or foure Egs fe-
perated from the yolkes. |
The female Mule may be burned in the feet, or let blood afterthe manner of Horfes,
| . andíome Countreymen giuein their food the hearb Veretrum, or elfethe feed of Hyo-
| 4o fcanusor Henne-bane beatentopowder and drunkein wine. Forthe languifhing of the F
chine orleanneffethey make this drinke, haue an ounce of beaten brimftome, a raw Eg,
a penny weight of the powder of Myrrh, mingled al three together in wine, and{o pou-
|! reddowne the Mules throate, isa prefent remedy to cure it.As alfo for the paine in the
| — bellyandallmanner of coughes, the herb Medica is fpeciall good for the faid languifhing
difeafe.So alfoto fat the mule if it be giuen greeneand nocdryed like hay a little ata time
for feare the beaftbe fuffocated with ouermuch blood. When a muleis tyred or heated,
| let theloadbe taken off,and türne her forth to wallowe in fome conuenient place. Ifchat
füffice not, take fome fat; and put itinto her chappes, that fo fhe may fuckeit downe,and Resins,
poure wine after it. ct |
| For to keepe the neckes of mules from wringing and loofening their skinne, vfethis
| medicine, take two pound of Hogges-greace fod three times, or vnto the third part two
| pintes of Vineger, and therewithall annoint the mules necke. As we haue fhewed thatthe Pé/4gonms
paines ofa hores belly and guts are beft of al cured by the fight ofa Mallard, fwimming
in thewater, whereby they are fpeedily deliuerd from all manner of torment, fo the fame
hath as great or greater operation to cure the paines of the mules belly. Itis reported by
Auicen that mules fall into madneffe, and in that madnes bite their maifter mortally. They
are likewife fubie@ to the gout, and efpecially tofwellings about the crowne oftheir pa-
fternes, but they are curedas horfes and Oxen. |
They liue longe, ordinarily to fifty yeares; and fometimes to fourfcore, the reafon
therofis giuen by Celius: Animalia quefrequenter coeunt preuioris [unt vita, inde fit, vt
M49 uli equos [uperint, videndi diuturmitate ; that isto fay, Thofe beafts and creatures which
often times ioyne in copulation hauebutfhort liues; and from thence it commeth, that
mules live longer then horfes.
| The Epithets ofa Muleare thefe; packe-bearer, durty, Spani(h, rough, and by-for- The epithits
med. There isan Adage or prouerbe called Malus Marianus, andby it is fignifieda man eat
| whichisapt both for to obey and to rule sit was taken from Maris the great Romaine "Sido
Souldiour and commaunder, whofe &fhionwas, when he had commaundedany of his
.. Souldiors to fetch a burden, or do any vilde feruice, he himfelfe would put his hande vn-
toit.It fignifieth properly a bearing backe, or colt-ftaffe, as we fay in Engli(h, whereup-
| ' ponpoore men carry their burdens, and from thence it was tranflated into a prouerbe to
5* fignifieallthat do obey commaunds. There be fome which giue another reafon ofthis
prouerbe, for they fay, that when Scipio didbefiege Numantia, he did notonely determin
tolooke into the weapons of his Souldiours, butalfo to ‘bis horfes, mules, and chariots. ii
Then Máráus broughtforth an horfe, nouri(hed by himfelfe very delicately : Befidesthe a
the horfe a muleof a very comely body, farre excelling allother mules both in gentle: i
Nese.
'
E
|
,
(ollusella
Sig Te
Eee
AL MEC sc M eT PO
qae dae.
E EREMGESUR
Bi
Hn
DHT NTC
-
Ue
564. | The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
neffe and in ftrength, Therefore feeing the Emperor was delighted with thebealts of Ads.
vius,and would now and then make mention of the mule, atlesgthit came toa common
ieft,to call a double diligentferuant Mulus Mariazus. The Italians doe commonly call
'thofe men mules which are bafe borne, and not by lawfull marriage. "1911
Concerning the difpofition of mules; it is well obferued by ariforle, that mules are
alwaies tame, and if at any timethey be more wilde, they abate their vntamáble nature
ee lun aid ^ by drinking of wine, becaufe by theoperation of thewine, their heeles and hard parts do
dipo&uon refolueand growfofts by the fame reafon that Apes by drinking of wineloofetheir nails,
ofMule. ^ andmen accuftomed to drunkenneffe fal into palfies: for there is {uch a difperfing and re
difcuffing nature in wine, that it diffolueth all nerues and harde thinges inthe bodies of
beafts,euen as water diffolueth hard fruits and peafe;& Vineger makethleadas foftas.an
Egge, that it may be drawne thorougha Ring :and fuch is tbe nature of mules, that after
they haue drunke wine, they feele themfelues difarmed, and therefore giue ouerto refift
becaufe by kicking backewardes, they receiue more harme thenthey gine, and thus the
pi» guiltines of their owne weakenes, maketh them gentle againft their willes, forotherwife
7 they hate mankind,and are nothing fotractable as horfes.For Farro faithythat they haue
fo much coufidencein their heeles that by them alone, they kil wolues whenthey come n.
among them. |
VfeofMulcs Mules were wontto be vfedfor plowing, and for carying bothofmen arid burthens,
in their feuc- but now in moft parts of Europe, Iudges and great Princes ride vppon them vntill they
p. d be olde, and then they fell them to the poore men, who turne them into the mountaines
where they fuffer them to runne wilde til their hoofes behardned for long travailes, and
then they take them vppe againe. They haue beene aifo accuftomed to ploughing, accor-
ding to thefe verfes 5
| Quantum mularum fulews pracedit in arue
Tantumis pracurrit. |
For the mulesdid plough more fpeedily, and come to the landes end more quicklythen
either the Oxe or Horfe. And Marzial/ faith, that they were vfed in carts to draw timber
according to thefe verfes :
Vixd, datur longas mulorum vincere mandy as | ge
Quad, trabimulto,marmora fune vides. |
They were alfo víed in race atthe gamesof Olympus, as we haue already (hewed inthe
ftory of thehorfe, but that cuftome dyed quickely, becaufethat the Arcadians coulde
not endure mules. The price of mules was great, for Crifpine (faith J#venal) gaue fixe
thoufand peeces of mony foramule, and yet he faith it was not wel worth fix pounde,the
veries of Javenal arethefe :
Crifpinus mulum, fex millibus emit equantem
Sane paribus feftertia libris
Vt perhibent qui demagnis maiora loguntur. ia
The Cappadocians payed to the Perfians euery yeare befides Siluer and Gold, fifteenhun- 49
dred horfes, two thoufand mules, and fifty thoufand fheepe; but the Medians pay&d twice
fo much. The dwarfith mules called Gi#nz were al(o muchfetby, not for vfe but onely
for delight, as dwarfs arekept in Noblemens houfes. When Py/ifratus the fonne of Hip-
pocrates firtt of al affe@ed Tyrany at Athens,and labored to get the gouernment to him-
felfe,as he came out of his countsey being drawne with a chariot by mules, he wounded
himfelfeand his mules very greeuoufly, and fo drauethem into the market place,fhew-
ing his wounded body and beafts vnto the Athenians, telling them that fo he was woun-
ded by his enemies, and that hee efcaped death verie narrowely, but if it pleafed them to
‘graunt hima gard of fouldiors to defend his body, he would take reuengevpon their and _
his enemies: whereunto they yeelded, and hee hauing gotten a bandeoffouldiors vnder 59
that pretence, prefently tooke vpon him the gouernment and foueraigntic.
To conclude this ftory of mules, I do readin Aelianus that Serpents do loue to feed
onthe flefhofdeade mules, and twothings are very eminent inthe nature of mules, one '
of their vnderftanding, and the other of their friendíhip. Concerning the firft;platarch
relateth this ftory ofa mule that was accuftomed to carry falc, who vppona (esti going
; throug
ae
tcp i tte
Of the Mule. 565
through a water, fell downe vnderneath his burden, fo that the falt tooke wet.afterwards ,
E the beaftperceiued howby that meanes, his extreame loade melted away and fo became
| lighter & lightersafterward the Mule grew tothis cuftome, that whenfoeuer he came Ioa-
ded with fale ouer chat water, he fell downe in it for che eafing of his cariage, bis Matter
perceauing his craft, ona day heloaded him with Woole, and fpunges; and fo the beaft
| 'comming ouer the water fell downe as he was wont to doe with hisfalt, and comming out
| of the water,he felt his load to grow heauier then it was wont to doc, in ftced ofleffening,
| whereat the beaft much mufed, and therefore neuer afterward durftlyedowne io the wa-
ter, for feare of the like increafe of hisload. Theother obfervation of theirloue and
ro friendínip,arifeth from the Prouerbe Mutunm muli fcabunt, thatis, Mules fcratch one
| another, and helpe oneanother in their exiremitie; from whence commeth our prouerb;
| one good turne asketh an other, andthe Latine prouerbe, Seres mutuum fricant, old men
| rub oneanother 5 which did arife vpon this occafion,as Adrian the Emperor fo paffeda
long on a day by a bath, hefawan olde fouldier in the bath rubbing himfelfe vpon a mar-
| ble fione for want of a man to helpehim, whereupon in pittie of his cafe he gaue him
maixtenancefor himfelfe and aman:afterwards other old feuldiers feeing how well their
| fellow had fped, went likewife into the bath before the Emperors eyes, and rubbed them-
| felues vponthe Marble, thinking to get as much fauour and libertie as their fellow bad
| gotten, butthe Emperor feeing them, and perceauing their fetches, bid them rub one
| &e another, and thereupon came that prouerbe. And thus much for the natural] difcourfe
of Mules,now followeth the medicinall: gi
The medicines of the Mule.
The daft wherein a Mule fhall turne or rowle himfelfe, being gathered vp and fpread
| or fprickled vponthe body of any one who is ardently and feruently in loue will prefenc-
|. ly affwage,and quench his infaming defire. A man orwoman being poyfonedand put
| intothe belly of a Mule or Camrnell which is new killed, will prefently expellaway the
force ofthe venome or poyfon, and will confirme and make ftronge their decayed fpi-
rits,andall the reft of their members: Foras much as the very heate of thofe beaftes i$
go 20 Antidote or preferuatiue againft poyfon. © | as |
-. The skinne or hide ofa Mule being put'vnto places in any ones body which are
burned with fire, doth prefently heale and cure the fame: it dothalfo healefores and
grieuousvlcets which are notcome vnto impofturnes; | lia 27482 4
The fame is an excellent remedie for thofe whofe feete are worne or wrung together
through the pinching of their thoes, to helpe themfelues withall, and for thofe which Alnicenng
are lame, and thofe which are troubled with thofe grievous fores called Fiftulaes. Ifany
| man fhall take either in’ meate or drinke the marrow of a Mule, to the weight or quan-
titieof three golden crownes, he fhallprefently become blocki(h and altogether vnex-
pert of wifedome and vnderftanding, and fhall'be voide of all good ‘nutriment, and
sf SS CENT See SS E —— mise
SSS uas a cmm as ES aa ae T - E
—
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Ponzetts}
Aci. pa tuo RE
= TS
Alber ties
| 1
y maners. Theeare laps or earelages of a Mule, and the ftones of a imulet ‘being borne Alena d \
"4? and caried byany woman, are of fücli great force and ef: ficacie, that they will make her’ b
| not tó conccaue. The hatt of a Mule being dryed-and mingled with wine, and fo giuen to H"
a woianto drinke After that (he is purged or clenfedthirtie times, haththe fame force, s, 5
| and power that the aforefaid medicine hath for the making of a woman barren. The fame B A
' effe&againft conception hath the barke of a white popular tree, being bearer together: d
withthe reines ofa: Mule, then mingled in wine and afterwards drunke vp. If the hearbe’ j
called Harts tongue,be tyed vponany part ofa woman;witli thefpleene ofa mule;butas! eAuicennd i
| fomehaue affirmed by ít felfe onely jand that inthe day which hath a darke night,or with- (M
P out any’ Moone fhine ac all, it will make her altogether barren andnot able to. conceaue.’ ; i
"UM Ftthetwoftones ofa male be bound in apiece of the skinne of the famebeaft andhanged ^'^ i
5° ypowany wómaritheywil inake that (hefhal not conceauefo long as they fhal be bound: Abert 1
vnto her; Thelefcftoneofa weafelkbeing bound in the skin or hide ofa mule;and fleeped: i!
erfokedfora cettatiefpace or time in wine,or in any other drinke, & the drinke in which: i
they ate fo (tecped giuénto a wohrian co drinké; doth furely make thatfhefhallüot cone , .., —.— i ed
£4 At pnt aru . : e Aefenlapini eek
ceauc. The ftones ofa mulet being burned vpoti barred and vnfruitfull tree; and put out touts B
| UE CC Fff x or 4 Dus n
| "n ra
| tA E |
| uM. d
| 1 4 3 -
pae -
-— erum, Fco om
566
Sextus.
Rafi
Kirantdes
Pline
(Marcellus
Sextus
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beajts.
or quenched with the ftale or vrine of either man or beaft whichis gelded, being bound
and tyed inthe skiaofa Mule, & hanged vpon the arme ofany woman afterher menftrual
fluxes, will altogether refilt and hinder her conception. The right (tone ofa Mule being
burned and faftened vnto. the arme of a woman whichis;in great paineand trauaile, will —|
makethat fhe (hall neuer be deliuered vntill chefame be lofened and taken away: but if it
fhallhappen that a maideor young virgin fhall take this in drinke after her firft purgation '.:
or menfes, fhee fhall neuer be able to conceiue, butfhall bee alwaies barren and vnfruite- *
full. : |
The matrix or wombe ofafemale Mule taken and boiled with the flefh ofan Affe ora- to
ny other fle(h whatfoeuers and fo eaten by a woman which doth not know whatitis, will”
caufe her neuer to conceiue after the fame. The worme which is calleda gloworme, ora
Globird, being taken outof the wombe or matrice of a female Mule and bound vnto an
part of a womans body,wil make that (he fhalneuer beable toconceiue. 3 4
The duftor powder which proceedeth from the hoofes of 4 male or female Mule being
mixed or mingled with oil which commeth from Mirtleberies,doth very much help thofe
which are troubled with the goutintheir legs or feet. The duft of the hoofes ofa Mule be-
ing {corched ot burned, and the Oyle of Mirtle berries being mingled with Vineger,and
moift or liquid Pitch, and wrought or tempered in the forme or fa(hion ofa plaifter, and
oppofed or put vnto the head of any one whofe haires are too fluent and abundant, doth
very fpeedily and effe&ually expell the fame.
The Liuer ofa Mule being burned or dryed vnto_ duft, and mixed with the fame oile of
Mirtle berries;and fo annointed orfpread vpon the head, is an excellent and profitable
remedy for the curing of the aforfaid enormity. |
"The duitor powder ofthe hoofes of afemale Mule is very wholefome and medicinable
for the healing and curing ofall gricfes and paines which do happen or come vnto a mans
yard, being fprinkled thereupon. The hoofe ofa Mule being borneby a woman whichis
with child, doth hinder her conception. The filth or vncleaneffe whichis in the eares ofa
Mule, being bound in the skin or hide ofa little or young Hart,and bound or hanged vp-
20
enthearmeofa womanafter her purgation, doth caufe that (he may not conceiue. The
(Marcellus.
Hippocrates .
Raf *
famebeing in like manner mingled or mixed with oile which is made of Beauers ftones, 36
doth makeany womanto whomitis giuen to drink, altogether batren. The dyrtor dung
Mule being mixed with a firup made of hony, vineger, and water, and giuentoany one
to drinkethat is troubled with the heartfwelling, and it will very fpeedily and effe&tually
cure thepainethereof. .... 22: slow 4 :
The dung ofa Mulebeing burned or dryed and beaten fmall, and afterwardes fifted,
or feircedand wathed or fleeped in wine, and giuento any woman to drink, whofe men-
ftruall fluxes come forth before their time, will in very fhortfpace caufe thefame to flay.
The ftaleor vrine ofa male or female Mule being mingled with their durtor dung,is very
ood and medicinable for thofeto víe which are troubled with cornes and hard bunches
offlefh which grow in their feete. Affafetida being mingled withthe vrine ofa Muleto 49
the quantity ofa beane and drunke, willaltogether be animpedimenr and hinderance to
the conception of any woman. The ftalejorvrine of mule being takento the quantity of
_, eight pounds, with two pounds of the fcumme or refuge of filuer, anda! pound ofold and
moftcleareoile;althefe being beaten-or pounded together vntil they.come to thethick-
eAlegincta
Rabe,
neffe of the fat or fweat which falleth fromanens bodies, ‘and boiled yntill they come vn-
tofo liquid and thinne aiuyce, that they will {peedily’-and effe&ually cure and helpethofe
_whichare troubled with the gout or {welling in the ioynts.
.;/ Ifa woman (hall take the fweat whichiproceedeth from a horfe,and.annointitvpona
wollen cloath and fo apply itas a plaifter.orfuppofitary vnto herfecretparts, it will make
her altogether barren. There is an excellent remedy for thofe which are purfieorfhort- 5°
‘> winded whicheommethalfo by the mule: whichis this, totake or gather the froath or
fome of a mule; and to put itintoa cup or goblet, and giue it in warme water foracertain
Marcellas
{pace or time'to be drunke, either to the mat) or woman which is troubled with this enor-
mity, and the party which doth fo vfe it, fhallin thortfpace haue remedy, butthe mule
will without any lingring oftime, or confuming oftimie in paine andforrow dye. ; -.-:
The
eee
M
Of the Mule. | 567
| The milt ofa male or female Mule being drunke in a potion or iuice made of hony P»
| water and vinegar, tothe value or quaatitie of three cruces or cups full,is commended
| for anexcellent cureand medicine for thofe whichare troubled and grieued with thac
J peftiferous and deadly difeafe called the falling ficknefle, otherwifs Saint Johns euill.
There is an excellent remedie forthofe which are troubled in the voyding of their wa-
ter, which is tis, totákethie ring-wormes or Tetters which doe grow vppon both the
legges of a Mule abouetheir kuees and which doe fticke thefeupon in the manner ofa
dryed thicke skinne,and to burne or parchthem, andafterwards to put or place them
vpon him which istroubled with the ftrangurie;or can not voide his water.but by dropf-
meale, fo that there be great care had to couer clofe with clouen or clefted cloathes,or
| garments, the fuffumigation thereof, leaft that the fmell or fume doe fade, and voide
| away, and this being fo vied will be very effe@tuall for the curing and driuing away of the
aforfaid difeafe. 3 p Nd
| The haires of a Muleand an Affe being mirtgledvogether &dryed, agp utinto fome Tralianus
| certaine perfume,and fo giuen toaay one to drinke which'is-troubled with the falling
| fickneffe, will prefently expelland drive it quiteaway.. In the place or part of mans body
wherein a male or female mule fhall bite, Pongzettws affirmeth, there will prefently arife,
and grow {mall pufhes, or little blifters which are alwaies full ofred and pale humors,and
| filthie corruption, which can almoft be healed end cured by no falue, potion, or medi-
| »e cine, by any meanesapplycd thereunto. Thereare (ome alfo-hich doefuppofe the bi-
ting of mules to be poyfon,for truely there doth not onely follow thofe aforefaid pufhes:
and biles;butalfo an.extreameand almoftindutable inflammation and buroing,through
| all the parts of the body which doth greatly diftemperate andvexthefame, > | ‘I
| But itis affirmed by others that the biting of mulesis tobe cured after the fame ma;
| ner as thebiting of a Cat, which ischus : Firftjtowath and elarifie the woundor bitings
where the corruption is with vinegar mingled with oyleof rofes, andthea to take pény-
roiall, or the hearbe called Neppeand boileisyand{troke oF tus the wound very foftly
| with i; and it willintime wholy cute it. Aud chis much fhall fuffice'atthis time concere
E
ning the curesand medicines of mules. | AS
Marcellus
Ho
Pye
———- 7 a SUE
1 jo ja “Of the Neeaides, Nevidles, or Naides. * i
X Erielides Celius ,Voluteranus and Euphorion , do all write that once
~~ ka the Ileof Samos wasa defert place, and that there. were in ita cer-
y lie M taine beaftes called NeaZes ,, whofe voice was fo terrible thatthey
"€ "ww PauMEEE ww ^
c fhooke the earth therewith and from thofe ftrange and great voy-
A^ ss S cescameche vulgar Greeke prouerbey Merzaep. mis, toon Needoows
= jy maius vna Neadum. Thatis, One ofthe Veades wasa greate wonder,
ESE Chao VES. foritwas;vícd in oftentation to, fnew that.cherewas nothing in the
| 49 SHARAN EES ^b. whole Wotld comparable to-their vaftand huge quantity. Of che
parts of thefe beafis there is no memory but only in Suidas and, Aelianus whoathime that
their boncs.were to be feene intheit daies «And this title [chough:, good.to infert into
| this hiftory,leauing the Reader to confider whither he wiltake,them for Elephants or for
| any, other greater beafts for my-opinion if itbe defired, I thinkethem rather (if. there euer
| wereany fuchy that they were Elephants of, greater ftacure then: cuer (ince werefeene,
and not any generatiomofbeafts now lot and viterly pexithed. sce) yest or val
d b. * "7 x T. «V 0x IN }
yrtei | s Y
H JE b - v MILSG GI AHS3 DIU
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XC DX ES E PES ERO o |
3 SAY HIE tC Nf ere a : ae visite ti}
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7
569
The name of
this beaít.
The defcrip-
tion of Ded.
Cay,
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Of the Ounce, the defeription whereof was taken by Dector Cay
tà England.
Fa Heres in Italy a beaft called Alphee, which many in Italy,
J| France, and Germany cal Leanza, andfome Vazia, from
whence Albertus and Z/ídorus make the Latin word FuéZia;
| and I take it to be the fame beaft which is called Zezassze,,
and for the defcription ofi, I can follow nobetter author
j| then Do&er Cay, who defcribeth it in this fa(hion. --
The Ounce (faith he) is a moftcruel beaft, of the quanti
ty ofa villageor maftiffe Deg, hauing his face and ears
3 A Cl like to alyons;hisbody,taile;fcer;and nails likea Cat,ofa
AR very terribleafpe&, his teeth fo ftrong and: fharpe, that
he can euen cut wood in {under with them : he hath alfo in his nailes fo great ftrength that.
he oncly fighteth with them, and vfeth them for his greareft defence : The colour ofthe
jo sux EUST Cars AE See ps S md : e i betweene
20
30
50
Of the Ounce. 469
the lower lip although they dokeepethe quantity; do not obferue the order. The nof? is
blackifh, aline being foftly led through thelength, and onely through the top of the out:
fidethereof. The cies are gray, the former teeth are onely fixe, notvery vnliketo mens
teeth;exceptthofz whichareplaced inthe middle are leffer, and they in thé vtternioft
| part are greater,as alfo higher then thofe which arelow. sili 0,
In this beaft the teeth are both great, fharp, and long, being ioyned to the reftin the
| loweriaw, and in the vpper feuered with fo gceatfpace, that the lower teeth may be recei-
ued therein. Thefe whenthe beaftliueth are couered with his lips, but whenhee is dead
| theyareotherwife,hislips being through drineffe fhrunk together. His foretceth are ve-
| x0 ry big, andas long as two Roman fingers,for atthe very root therof it cannot be compre-
bended inleffethen twoRoman fingers and ahalfe compaffz.In his tooth there isa certain
fmal]hollowneffethrough all the lengththereof, which notwithftanding doth not apeare
except the tooth be broken. Thelower iawis very hard and ftiffe,hauing 3. teeth vnequal
in quantity, as the vpper 4. Betweene the greattoorh and the firft cheeke tooth ofthe vn-
| deriaw, there isa voidfpaceto the quantity of one finger, from which the firftis prefent-
| ly placed, leffer then the other two : to this there is another greater clofe adioyning : and
after this there is alfo a third greater thenthe fecond. In the vpper iaw, in that middle
fpace(which I faid was ofone Roman finger) betweenethe great rooth and the firft cheek
tooth, there is a very little toothand withoutany forme, comming fofmally out ofthe
ac iaw,that there is nolowertooth which may anfwerto the fame. After thar,in the fpace of
halfea finger there1sa fecond, to which there is ioynda third, and after this a fourth, be-
tweene themfelucs, the vpper and the lower cheeke-teeth, and fo are ioyned together as
they'agree in the manner of a combe,the two firft teeth in the lower iaw,andthe 2.and 31
in the vpper iawareof the fame figure, as the compaffe of the tops of the crownes of the
king of England & France. The 3.is ofthe fanic figure in the lower iaw, and the fourth of
the vpper iaw,except that the interior fide of both the gums whichis nearer to the throat,
by nature is taken away. There was no other teeth ioyned to thefein both the iawes. But
| I dohotknow whether there beany more teeth inthe gunibeyond the reach of ones fin-
| ger, inthe fartheft row or behindthe teeth. Butthis I know that to all appearance there
"E _, was none remaining, and it may be that his lips were cut or-flit downe beyond nature to
| 7 fhewhis teeth. Itliueth of fefh ,andthe femaleis more erüell then the male, though lef? The meate
| fer,and oncof either fex was broght out of Mauritania into England ina fhip, for they are *^4n2re
| bredin Libia. If they haueany appointed time of copulation, itis neare the monthof
Iune;£or in that month the male couereth the female. We haue fhewed already that Li-
onsmay betamed,and that alfo hath bin manifeft in London, both in the tower and inthe
citty; for there the Lions did play with their keepers andkiffe them without harme, (as
Doéfer Cay faith he faw them do) but thefe beafls were fo fierce and wild as they could ne-
uer be tamed, for when foeuer their keeper fhoulde change or remoue them from place
to place;he was conftrained firft of al to {trike them fo hard with a club vpona the head that
HE — 46 they fhould lie halfe dead, & fo put them ina fack or wodden cheft made of purpofe with
n holes in it for refpiration and expiration, to carry themtoo and fro from one lodging to
a another zafter an houre they reuinedagaine like a. Cat, but when they wereto be taken
out of the hutch or cheft,he was conftrained likewife toaftoni(h them again with his clubs
but afterwardes they grewte inuent an engine to putthe beaftin, and take hini out ofthe
hutch with a rope orcord, and{o do remoue them from place to place. Thekeepers affir
med that they didfeeme much to difdainethe Lions, and oftentimes endeuored to fight
: withthem, butthey werekept afunder with grates’: they would not hurtalittle Dog when
| he was putto them but when they were hungry,butifa great dog wer putvnto them,they
À tore him in pieces although their bellies were neuer fo ful. When they areangry they vter
I) &e avoicelikeanangry dog,butthey doublethe (4rr) twice,and alfo bigger then any dogs,
| proceeding out ofa large breaft and wide arteries, much like tothe howling of agrcas
JH maftiue, thar is (hut vpim a cloferoome aloneagainft his will. Some fay itis longer thena
dog, but it did not fo appearein England, for we had many maftiue dogs as long asit,but
yet was it euery way greaterthen any other kind of dogs.It is buta vainereport,that fome
-hauefaid when a man orbeaftis bitten with anOunce, prefently mice Gockvnto himand -
poifon him with their vrine, Fff 3 For
À
|
LAS
uo EIU oe ee ae I S cU MERCI UU ee rEe E nec X UR E ADR RE UE
tat
ar ee
= ==, m
Ese cien aer TL MCI
~~
—S SS
———— Ó——
T ex
The Hiftory of Foure-footed "Beafts.
For it was feenein England that two of the keepers were wounded and fhreudly bitten
by oneofthe Ounces,and there followed them no other harme then that which follow-
weth the biting ofanordinary Dogge, or likea fmall incifion witha knife . Hee neuer
fighteth butatthe head,and that trecheroufly if he perceiue his aduerfary to beto flrong
ot to great for him, and that by counterfetting quietneffe, beneuolence and peace,
as ifhee ment no harme: forfo he ferued a great Maítiue Dogge in England, atthefirft
fight hefeemedto applaud his comming, looking cheerefully vppon him,and wagging .
his aile, prefently he fell downe on his belly as it were to inuite the Dogge to comneare
him by his fubmiffion, laftly he got clofe vnto him, creeping as though hee would phy |,
with him, putting out one of his feeteas Cats do when they play, wherewithal the greac ‘
Dogge grewlecure,and began nothing to miftruft the Beatt, at length when the Ounce
faw his opportunity ,hefuddenly leapedvpen his Necke, andtooke him by thethroate,
and pulled it out, after hehadkilledhim, with his Nailes he opened the Dogges breatt,
and taking out his heart, did eate it beforeallthe people in moft cruell manner, thus far
Dedfer Cay fpeaketh ofthe Ounce, and befide him no other Authorthat [know. The
gall of this beaft is deadly poyfon,ithateth all creatures, and deftroyeththem, efpecially
men, and therefore it may wel be faidto be poffeffed with fome euill fpirit. Ic loueth none
but his owne kind. And thus much for the Ounce.
OR: THE ORV:
His Beaftin Pliny and Oppianusis called Oryux and Oryx,
and my coniecture is, that hisname is derived from Oryf
fein which fignifieth to digee.Saint Teram and the Septua-
gints for Theo.Deut. 1 4. & Ifa. y v.tranflate Ori but Da-
uid Kimbi and the better learned men interpret ita wilde
3| Oxe Butthe Hebrew D:/chen may in my opinion beefo
cranflated, yet heerein I referre it to the learned Rea-
der. |
. Itiscertaine that itis of the kinde of wilde Goates by
the defcription of it, differing in nothiage but this, that
the haire growethaueric nocitke other beafts , falling backeward to his hinder partes, but
forward toward his head, and fo alfoitis affirmed of the Aethiepian Bul, which fome faye
isthe Rhinocerot.They are bred both in Lybia and Egypt, and either of both countries
yedeth te(timony of their rare and proper qualities.In quantity ir refembletha Roe, ha-
uing a beard vnder his chinne.His colour white or palelike milke,his mouthblacke, and
fomefpots vpon his cheekes, his backe-bone reaching to his head, being double; broad,
and fat ; hishornes ftanding vpright, blacke, and fo fharpe, that they cannotbee blunted
againft braffe or yron, but pierce through it readily.
Ariftotle and Pliny were of opinion that this beaft was Bi/uleus and Vaicornis, that is,
clouen-footed, and wi:h one horne: The original of their opinion, came from the wilde-
one-horned-goat, whe reof Schnebergerus alate writer writeth thus : Certum eft minineque
dubium in Carpatho monte, ver{ue Rufsiam Tran[yluamamá, reperiri feras fimiles ompino rite
picapris exe: pto quod Unicum cornuex media fronte ena[citur mgrum, dorfoinflexam, fimile
omnino rupicaprarum cornibus : chat is tofay , Itis without al controuerfie that there are .
wilde beaftsinthe mountaine Carpathus towards Ruffía and Tran[yluania,very like to wilde
goares, exceptthat they haue but one horne growing out ofthemiddle of their heads,
which is blackeand bending backward like the hornes of wild goats. But chetrue Oryxis
defcribed before out of Oppianus , and it differeth: from that of Pliny both in ftature and 5°
hornes. Aelianus faith, that the Orix: hath fourehornes, but hefpeaketh ofthe Indian O-
rix whereof there are fome yearely prefented totheir king,and it may be both chere and
elfe where, diuerfity of regions do breede diuerfity of ftature, colour, haire,and hornes.
Simion Cethi affirmeth of the Muskat that it hath onehorne, and it is not vnlikely that be
hath feene fuch an one, and thatthe Orix may beofthat kind,
But
.. 80
v
!
b. Mit,
19
Of the Oryx.
But concerning theirhornes, it isrelated by Herodotus, Pollux, and Laur:Valla, that
there were made inftruments of muficke out of them, fuchas are Citherns or Lutes, vp-
on whofe bellies the Mufitians played their muficke, by ftriking them with their hands;
and that thofe beafts were as great as Oxen, andal this may be true, notwithítanding wee
haue fhewedalreadie that they are as big as Rocs, for Plinie {peaking that by relation or
by sight, itislikelie that he had feenea young one. !
There bealfo Sea-beafts called Oryges and Orce, and thereisin Egipt an Ozrx which
at the rifing of Canis S)rins or the little Doggeis perpetually forrowful, and for this caufe
the Lyztans domockthe E o yprtans forthatthey fables the fame day tha: thelit-
tle Dog-ftar rifeth,their Or 1x fpeaketh. But on the contrarie themfeluesacknowledge,
that as often as the faid ftarre arifeth with thefunne, al their goates turne to the Eaft, and
looke vpon it, and this obferuation ofthe Goates, is as certaine as anierule of the Aftro-
nomers. The L vz1aw saffirme more, thatthey doe prefage great ftore of raine, and
changeofweather. —
The Egyptians alfofay,that when the Moone commeth neare to the Eaft, chey looke
' very inteatiuely vpon her,as vpon their fufferaign Goddeffe, and makea great noife, and
29
yet they fay they doe it not for her loue, but for her hate, which appeareth by knocking
their Legges againft the ground, and faftening their eies vpon the earth, like them which
are angry at the Moones appearan ce: Ad the felfe fame thing they do at the rifing ofthe
Sunne.
For which caufe the auncient Kings had an obferuer, or oue to tellthem the time of
the day, fitting vpon one of thefe beafts, whereby very accurately they perceived the fun
ryfing; and this they did by turning their taile again(t it and emptying their bellies, for
which caufeby an Orix the Egyptians difcipher an impure or Godleffe wretch: for feeing
chat all creatures arenouri(hedby the Sunne and Moone, and thefefore ought to reioyce
at their appearing, onely this filthy wretch difdaineth and (corneth them.
Thereafon why they reioyceat the little Dogge-ftarre is, becaufe their bodies doe
perceiuean cuident alteration ofthe timeofthe yeare, that cold weather and raine are o-
uerpafíed and that the vapors of the warmSun ace now defcending vponthe earth,to cloth
it withall manner of greene and pleafant hearbs and flowers.
There isanother kind of Orix which according to Columella,was wont to be impaled
among Deere and Harts, the flefh whereof was eaten, and vfed for the commodity of
his Maifter : This was impatient of cold. It grew til itwas foure yeares old,and afterwardes
through age decreafed; andlofiall naturall vigor. ---
But to returneto the Orix entended, from which we haue digreffed their Hernswhere- |
of welate fpake, are not onely ftronge and fharpelike the Horne ofthe /wicorne and the
Rhinocerot,but alfo folide,& nothollow like the hornes of Harts. The courage andinward
difpofition ofthis beaft, is both fearefull, cruell and valiant, I meane fearefull to men and
beattes, bur feareleffein it felfe : For fi aith my Authors Ned, enitn canis latratum timet nes,
. .
apri efferue[centem feritatem, ned, tauri mugitum refugit, ned, Pantherarum trifWém vecens,
49 ned, ipfius Leonis vehementem vuettum horvet yred, item bominum robore monetur, ac fapevo-
bufinm venatorens oteidtt ; Thatis to fay, He fearethnotthe barking ofthe Dogge,nor the
foaming wrath ofthe wilde Boare, he fyethnorthe terrible voyce of the Bull, nor yet
the mournefull cry ofthe Panthers sno, nor the vehement roating ofthe Lyon himfelfe,
andto conclude, heisnot moued forallthe ftrength ofman,but many timeskilleth the
valianteft hunter that purfüeth him. i tW 9n isa za]
When he feetha Boare, a Lyon, ora Beare, prefently he bendeth his hornes downe
tothe earth,whereby he conformethand eftablitheth his head to receiue the brunt, ftand-
ing in that manner tillthe affaultbe made :at which time hee eafily killeth his aduerfary;
for by bending downe his head, and fetting his hornesto receiue the beaft she behaneth
3^ himfelfeas skilfully as the hunter, that receiuetha Zion vponhis fpeare. For his hornes
doeafily ranne into the brefts ofany wilde beatt, & fo piercing them, caufeth the blood
to iffue, whereatthe beaftbeing moued,forgetteth his combate and falleth to licking vp
his owneblood,and foheis eafily o uerthrowne.W hen the fight is once begunne, there
is noneof both that naay runneawaie; butftandeth it out vntil one or both of chem bee
: {laine
571
Plutarch
Elianus.
re
^E SS
2 ee
SRO | eRe
23
CA. i per a ae. Seana
E ACT Ib nce
——
oe
=~
pa ae
hdd Ur
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
tothe ground, and fo their dead bodies are many times found by wilde and fauage men.
They fight with all, and kil oneanother, alfo they areannoyedwith Ly w c s, 1. meane
the greater L yw c e s:ofthe cruelty of this beat Martial made this diftichon:
Matetinarum non ultima prada ferarum
Savus Oryx conflat qui mibi morte canum.
Itis reported of this beaft, that itliueth in perpetual thirft, neuer drinking by reafon that
57%
ia there is no water in thofe places where it is bred, and that there isin ita certaine bladder
Bo hav oflickor, whereof whofoeuer tafteth, fhall neuer needeto drinke. This beaft liueth in the
?
wilderneffe, and netwithflanding his magnanimious and vnrefiftable ftrength, wrath,and 10
cruelty, yet is hee eafily taken by fares and deuices of men, for God which hatharmed
to take Elephantsand tame Lyons, hath likewife iudewed them with knowledge from a-
boue, to tameand deftroy al other noifome beaft. T
Concerning the pi&ureofthis beaft, and the liucly viffage of his exterior or outward
parts, I cannot expreffe it, becaufe neither my ownefight, northethe writin ges ofanye
_ credible Author, doth giue me fufficient dire&tionto deliuerthe fhape thereof vnto the
world, and fucceeding Ages vppon my credit: and therefore the Reader mufte pardon
me¢heerein.I donot alfo read of the vfe of the lc(h or any other partes. of this beaft, but
onely of the hornesas is already expreffed, whereunto I may addethe relation of Strabo
who affirmeth the Aethiopians Silli do vfe the hornes of thefe beaftes inwarres infteed of
{words and fpeares : for incredible isthe hardnes and (harpenes ofthem,which caufed Ju-
venallto writethus : D:
Et Getulus Oryx hebetilautisfimaferro
: : Ceditur.
For althogh of the ownlength they arenotable to matcha pike;yetarethey fitto be'put
vponthe tops of pikes, as wellas any otherartifical thing made of fteel or yron;andzhus
I willconclude the ftory ofthis beatt. 1
OF THE 'OTTER:«- [
Hereis no doubt but this beaftis of the kind of Beuers, be-
caufe it liueth both on the Water andonthe land; and the
outward form of the parts beareth a fimilitude of that beaft.
mee ay à P3 The Italians doe vulgarly call this beaft Ledra; and the
fons thereon G9 || Latines befides Luzra, Flnuiatulis Canicula, A Dogg ofthe
al Waters, and fome cal them cats of the waters. The Italians
PER || befides Ledra callitalfo Zedria, and Lontra. The French
Vue Loutre, or Fuge Loutre, The SanoyansVue Lenre sthe
d ez b : Spaniards Nwtria,and the Ilyrians Widra: the Graecians Ly-.
= Tale tra, becaufe it fhereth affünder theroots of thetreesin the 49
bankes of theriuers.Some ofthe Grecians. cal it exhydris , although properly that beea
{nake living in the Waters, called by Theodorus and Hermolaus, Lutris.. Albertus calleth it
Tuter,and Abadrz, for Enydris.AMo Beatus by Syluaciews,and the Grecians cal filthy. and
thicke waters Lutrai ; for which caufe, whentheir Nobleancient VVomen went to' bathe
thiemfelües in water;theywere bound, about with skinnes called 047 Loutrida, that is,a
SUp"": — (peepes skin vfedtothe water. The French men call the dung ofan.O.r x er E/pranite de
Pliny. lontres,thedteppes of an, Orr er Leife Marches, thewhelpes ofan O v rx R Cheawxy by
which word they call alfo the whelpes of Wolues, Foxes, and Badgers. _ x ae
» Although they bea kind of Beaueras webauefaidealready, yetthey neuergocinto —
Reed ot 4 the Sea,and they aboundalmoft in all Nations, wherethere are riuers or fifh-pooles,as $°
namely in italy, France, Germany, Heluetia, Eneland and Scandinania.Likewife in all S A x-
matiajinthebay of Boxzsrurwz s."Theyaremoft plentifullin Ir A x yywherethe
Riuer-P Apy.s:is ioyned to the fea. Alfo theyabound in N 4 » 1. s/Their outward forme
Hermolans, ismoftlikevntoa Be ay ex, fauing intheir taile, forthetaile ofa B s A v eR isfifh, but
thétaileofanO rr eR is flefh.Thcy areleffethen Bs. v x x5, fome comparethem vn-
i to
>
571
N
N
Ed
W
toa cat;and fome vnto a Fox, but I cannotconfent vnto the Fox. They are biggerthen a
cat andlonger,butlefferthena Fox and therfore in my opinion they are well called dogs Olas
ofthewater. They exceede in length, for in Swetia andail the Northern rivers they are
three times folongasaBeauer. They hauea rough skin, and the haire of itvery foftand
neate, like the haire ofa Beauer, but different in this, that ít is (horter and vnequal, alfo of
colourlike a Chef-nur, or brownith, but the Beauers is white or a(he colour, Ithath very
20 fharp teeth,andisa very biting beaft, likewife (hort legs, and his feetand taile like a dogs,
which caufed Bellenins o write, that if his taile were off, he were in all parts like a Beauer,
differing in nothing but his habitation. For the Beauer goeth both to the fale waters,and
to the fre(h, but the Otter never to the falt. E
| Althoughitliuc in the waters, yet it dothnot fucke in water, but aire; that is,it doth
not breath like fithes through the benefit of water, and therefore it maketh his dens neer
the water, whereinalfo they arewont to bring forth their young ones thee make their
dens fo artificially euerias the Beuer with bowes,and fprigs, or flicks, couching together
| in excellent order ,whereinhe fitteth to keepe him from wetneffe. — It hunteth fi(hes, and
| although ítbreathethlikeanother foure-foored-beaft, yet will it remaina great while vn-
| 3o derthewater without refpiration, for the grecdineffe of fifhes it runneth many time into
| nets which are fet by men in waters to take fifh, whereinto being entered, it is füffocated His prey and
for want of breath, before it can fheare afünder the nets and make way for himfelfe to En
come ort. |
| Forinthe hunting offifh it muft often puthis nofe abouethe water to take breath : it
is ofa wonderfull fwiftaeffe and nimbleneffe, in taking his prey ,and filleth his den fo full
| of fithes that he corrupreth the aire, or men that take him in his den: and likewife infe&-
“eth himfelfe with a pe ftilent and noyfome fauour;whereapon. asthe Latins fay ofa fink- so<e
ing fellowshe fmels ikea Goat, fo the Germans fay of the famesHe f{melslike an Otter. In - Agricola,
thewinrertime he comes out of the caues and waters tohuntvpon the land, wher finding
IE - 46 no other foode, he eateth fruits, and the barke of trees. Belloniws writeth thus of him, he Albertus, .
a. keepeth in pooles and quiet waters and, rivers, terrifieng the flockes of fith, and driuing
| them tothe bank-fides in great number,to the holes and creekes of the earth ,where hee
taketh them more copioully, and more eafíe : but if he want prey in the waters, then doth
heleape vpon the land jand eate vpon greene hearbs : he will fwim two miles together a-
aintt the fireame, putting himfelfe to great laborin his hunger, that fo when his belly is
full, the currant of ftreame may carry him downeagaine to his defigned lodging.
The fernales nourifh many whelps together at their vdders;vntill they be almo(tasbig
asthemfelues;fer whom the hunters {earch,as forthe damsamong theleaues & bonghes
which the ouerflowings of waters in the winter time, haue gathered together andlaide on
so heapes It isa fharp-biting-beaft, hurtfull both to men and dogs neuer ceafing ot loofing
- hold after hehath laid his mouth vponithem, vatill hee makethe bones tocracke betwixt
his teeth, whereupon it was well {aid by Olaus Mag. Lutra mordaces quadrato ore Otters are
moftaccomplifhed biters. ', | red
"ft isa very crafty and {ubtill bea(t, yet it is fometimes tamed, and yfed in the Northern
parts of che world, efpecially in Scandinaniato driue the fi(hes into the filher mens des :
f 5 278930 | | n
The feuerail
parts.
The frashing
of their den,
9254
EHI
| t
;
E
n
i
»
»
]
&
"4
Se I
cp ERES
M aec
TCR WOES
Ss
T HAL-
“Taking &
huntiug of
Orxters.
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
forfo great is the fagacity and fcence of
{meling inthis beaft,thathe candirealy
winde the fifhes in the waters a mile or
two off, and thereforethe Fi(hers make
greataduantage of them, yet doe they
forbeare his vfe becaufe he deuoureth
more then needeth, for he is neuer fo ta
med that he forgeteth his old rauening,
being tamed,on thelande he is very full
offportand game . I maruaile how it
cameinto the wiiters heads to affirme,
thatthe Beauer conftraineth the Otter
in the winter time, to trouble the water
about her taile, to the intent it may not
frieze, which opinion we haue confuted
already in the difcouríe of the Beauer,
for herein I agree with Albertus, Fiber
fortior eff lutra, & acutefiumis dentibus,
qua propter eam vel expellit, vel occidit.
The Beauer is much ftronger then the
Otter,hauing alío moft (harp teethyand
therfore either expelleth her. out of the
waters,becaufe they liueboth ypon one
kind ot food, or elfe deftroys her: where
fore itis vnreafonableto beleeue that he
preferueth her to keepe his taile from
freezing. The flefh of this beaft isboth
cold and filthy,becaufe it feedeth vpon
ftinking fith, and therefore not fitto be
eaten. Tragus writeth that this notwith-
places of Germany, and I hearthetthe
Carthufian Fryers or Monkes (whether
you wil)whichare forbiddento touch al
.mauner of fleth, of other foure-footed-
beafls, yet they are not prohibited the
eating of Otters. Thefe Oxters are hun-
ted with fpeciall Dogges, called Otter-
Houndes, and alfo with fpeciall inftru-
ments called Otter-fpeares, hauing ex-
ly taken, and beafts doe not willingly fet
vpon them, {pecially in the waters:when
_they fecle themfelues to bee wounded
with the {peare,then they come toland,
where they fight withthe dogs very ire-
fully, and except they be firft wounded,
they forfake not the waters: forthey are
. notignoranthow fafea refuge the Wa
ters are vnto them, and how vnequalla
dogs vppon thelande, yet becaufe the
| cold water anoyeththeir green wounds,
thereforethey {pin outtheir liuesto the length of the thread, chufing rather to die intor-
ments among dogs,then to die in the waters. There isa kind of. Affa called Benisyn,a fitong
hearb whichbeing hung ina linnen cloth near fi(h-ponds driueth away al Otters & Beuers.
The hair ofthe skin. is moftfoft,neither doth it lecfe his beauty by agesfor which caufeas alfo
IO
20
landing is dreffedto bee eaten in many 3°
ceeding tharp points: forthey are hard 40
combatthey fhall {uftaine wich men and 59
TL
SSO 8 | ss
» Of the Panther.
for that no ráine can hurgit when itis i&ll.dreffed, itis of great pricéand eftimation, and
* — jsfoldfor feuenor eight fhillings: theteof alfo they make fringes in the hems of gat-
ments, and face about the collers f menand Womens garments, and the skinne of the
O25 isfarre merepreri den the skirine ofthe Braver; and forthis caufethe
Syerian merchants do tragiport marty into M o s c o v 1Aand T Ag rA 1aforclokes
and other garments. - i; AND
Thereot alfo in Germany they make caps, or elfe line other caps with them, andalío
make ftocking-foles 5 affirmijgthat they bee good and wholfome againftthe Palfie,the
meerims and ather paines of the head . The bloud of an Ox rx & is prefcribed againit
*
|» xc thefwelling ofthe Nerues. TheLiver dryedin an Ouen ágainft the bloedy-flixe, aad
again {tthe collickbeing drunke in wine.Theftones arealfoprefcribedto be giuen againft
the falling fickneffz and all paines in the belly. And thus muchfor the Or rer.
375
Albertus
Vie of thei ,
Skins ,
There be certaine beaftes whicharekindes of O x v x R's, which becaufe they liueirt ^ :
‘the Waters, and yetbeing vnknowne tovs in England lhauethoughtgoodto exprefle
chemin this place by their Greeke and’ Latine names. Inthe fitft2place-thar which the.
Gtzcians call Latax, broader and thicker then an Otter, and yet liueth inthe Waters or
elfe goeth to the waters for his food, yet breatheth aire and notwater like Otters. The
haire of this beaftis very harfh, betwixtthe fimilitude ofa Sea-Calfe anda Hart, and it
hath alfo ftrong and fharp teeth, wherewithal in the night feafon they there afunder {mal
4c boughes and twigs: Itis called alfo Fajtoz, Lamyakyz,and Noertza. | ;
There is another called satyrium, and Faffurez, and'Chebalus, whofe skin is black, and
veriietisisao E ve much vfed for the edging of thebeft garments, thefe Tine alfo in
ponds, lakes, and füllwaters. ~*~” Ld | i
Thereisathird kinde called Satherium, Kacheobeon, and Kuchyncen,and Martarus, ba-
"uiug a white throate, and being as biggeasa Car; and finally vnto thefe may be added
porces.afoure-foored-beatte lining inthe Waters in theRiuer her : And Me/olus ano-
ther foure-footed-beaft liuing infomeRyuers of In n 14, beingasbigasaCalle. ——
^ Of the Panther, commonly called a Pardall,a Leopard,
3o anda Libbard. er
Here haue beene’ fo many names deuifed for this one
beaft, that itis erowen a difficult thing, either to makea
good reconciliation efthe authors which are wed to their
feueral opinions, or elfe to define it perfe&ly and make
of hima good methodicall Hiftory : yet feeing the grea-
44 teft variance hath atifen from wordes, and that which was
deuifed at the firftfor the better explication. and difcrip-
tion Of it hath turned totheobfcuration and fhaddowing
of the truth, I truftic (hall be'a good labour to colle& out
of cuiery writer that Which is moft. probable corícerning
or this Beaft, and'inthe’ehd to expreffe the beft definition
thereofweecan learieoutofall. ^ ^^^ 7777 2 vetat
Firftofall therefore for as muchas all the queftion hath arifen from the Greekeand
Latinenames, it is moft requifite to expreffe them,and fhew howthe different conftruc-
The feuerall
nares of
Panthers,
tion began The Grzcians do indifferently call it Pordalis ,Pardali aud Patiber;theLa- ^...
tins panrhera, Pardalis, Pardus and Yeapardus and thefe names are thus diftinguifhed by
thelearhed. Pordalisthey fay fignifieththe male, and Pardalis thefemale; atid alfo Pas- ^7 ^ ^
go theraathong the Latins for the female, and Pardi forthe male, and thefeare vnderftood
ofafimple kind withoit commixture of generation. Leopardus the Lepard ot Libbard, isa
word deuifed by thelatér writers, compounded of Zee and Pardus, pon opinión that this
beaft is generated betwixta pardall atida Lyon; and fo indeede it ought properly to bee
taken siftherebe a&y fach: Pliayis of opinion that Pardus differeth from Pantherain no-
thing batinfexe, and otliér (ay thia; betwixt the Zyons and the Pardalles there isfuch a
TOT Of Das; soe SOS jen : TED con-
a
ee Ee
EE ET
576 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Wee
»
»
| 32 |
à - Qr S ‘i E » T
[97 "rd SUR DR TF
‘ ihe! =< 3
, | « A leu, €
! - 1 ' 41 € " Y D: ‘
n —
vr
xe a
confufed mixed generation as is betwixte Affesand Mares, or Stallionsand Affes, as
forexample,when the Lyon couereth thé Pardall, then is the Whelpe called Zeepardus,
à Leopard or Libbard,but when the Pardal couereth the Lionefle,thenisit called Panthe.
74a Panther. i EE sats .
,. Inthis controuerfie the Hebrew and Arabian names whichare generally indifferently
tranflated Panthers or Libbards, doe take vp the ftrifeandalmoft end the comtrouerfie,
for Ngmer in Hebrew, and Alphee or Alfhedin Atabique, are fo tranflatedboth in holy
{criptute, and alfo in micen,as may appeare by thefe places following Efa. r1. Mubitabit
Lupus eum agno, cy (Namer) Pardus, eum bedo aceubabit. Thatisto fay, The Wolfe (hall
dwell with the Zambe, and the Pardall, Libbard, and Panther, fhalllye with the Kid.So in
the vifion of Daniel chap. 7.among the foure beaftes comming out of the Sea, the pro-
phet feeth Amer a Leopard. In the 13. Reuela. of S.zohn he fecth another beaft rifing out
ofthe fea, haning ten hornes, and hee faith it was like Pardaler, which Erafmus tranflateth
. Pardo, Leopard. Teremy 5.Pardus (Naser) vigilat fuper ciuitatemeorum, vt omnemimde
egredientera difeérpat. That is, a panther or Pardal watcheth atthe gates of the Citty, thac
hemayteare in pieces euery onethatcommerh forth. Fad#us Jum ei ficut Leo, & freue
Pardus( fieut Namerydirectus ad viam [uam.For. Namer in that place the Greecians tranflate
Pardalis & Pardall. In the 1 5. Ieremy $2 mutare poteff Aethiops pellem [nam,aut Pardus ma-
- €ulas fuas, & vos poteritis bene facere eum didiceritis malum.1f che Blackamoore can change
his skin, or the Leopard his {pots,then may you do wel which haue learned to do it:canpi-
cles 4. Coronaberis dé vetrice faner, ef hermou, de cubilibus Leonum de montibus Pardorum.
"That is, Thou (halt be crownd fro the top of Siner.and Hermon, from the dens of the Ly-
ons, and the Mountains of the Leopards.: Now according to Brocardus the Mountaitie
of the Leopatds is diftant from Tripolis in the holy land two leagues. Ra/is &-Auiten, two
Arabians do cal the Panther and Leopard by.one name, Alpheth,or Alpbil fo thatby com-
paring all thefe together the Panther, Pardall, Libbard, and Leopard, arebutone beaft,
Amoreex-. Called by divers names. For the farther manifefling heerof it isgoodto examine,what is
a& 4cbniti-. {aid ofthe Pardal and Leopard in particular,that fo hauing exprefled thatjit may be cleare
peli by the difcourfe fucceeding, that cherejts no difference betwixt. them andthe Panther,
pards, orvery fmall. Firft of all therefore it frid of the Pardws, that ir differeth not from the Pan-
ther but onely in fexe, and that the. skin hath receilied a narurall tin@ure of diuers fpots.
Ariftotle writeth thus of it, Cutis ebameleontis diftincéa maculis ut pardalia.The skin of the
Chamelion is {potted likea Pardals, and inthe relation of Lampridius wherehee fheweth
how Heliogabalie was wont to thutvphisdrunkenftiendes : «Cvm Leonibus, Leopardis, &
Uris, ita Of experge facti incubiculo eodein Leones, ur fos Pardos cupo nece, vel qued ef grani-
su necfe inuenterent ,ex quo plerig, ex animati fant and {o forth ; k
P
10
49
39
Of the Panther. 577
By which words it is apparant thatthofe which in thefirft place he calleth Leopards, it
B. thelaftplacehe calleth Pardals,and the onely difference betwixtthe Leopard, Pardall;
and Lyon, is that the Leoparde or Pardal haue no manes : and thereforethey are cal-'
led 7gwobiles leones. Iffder ws and Solinus write in this maner: pardus fecundum pofl Paa-
therameft genus varium ae velocifainum, c praceps ad (amguimem, [altuenim ad mortem
ruit ex ad viterie Pardi ci Leenis,Leu pardus nafcitur , ci tertiam originem efficit. That is
to fay, the Pardal is the nextkind toa Panther, being diuers coloured & very {wift,gree-
dy after blood, andketcheth his prey by leaping: the Leopard isbredbetwixtthe Pardal
and the Zioneffe, and fo that maketh a third kind, by whichteftimony it apeareth, that
| go thefe names. make three feuerallkinds of beaftes, not diftiné in nature but in quantity,
| through commixture of generation. |
The greateft thereforethey call Panthers, as Belluwen/is writeth. Thefecond they call
—.— Pardals, and the thirdleaít of all they call Leopards, which for the fame caufe in England
| is called a Catof the Mountain. And truely in my opinion, vntill fome other can fhew
| . me better reafon I willfubícribe hereunto, namely that they areall one kinde of beaft,
| and differ in quantitie onely throughadulterous generation. For in Affrick there is great
| want of waters,and thereforethe lyons, Panthers,and other beafts doe affemble them-
| felues in great numbers together at the running riuers, where the Pardals,and the lyons
| doe engenderoae withanether: I meane the greater Panthers with the lyoneffes, and
JM. 4o the greater lyons with the Panthers; and fo likewife the fmaller with the fmaller, & there-
| by it commeth to paffethatfome of them are fpotted, and fome of them without fpots.
The Pardalisa fierce and cruell beaft very violent, hauing a body and mind like ra- Péiny,
uening birds, andfome fay they are ingendred now andthen betwixt dogs andPanthers,
or betwixt leopards and dogges, euenasthe Lycopanthers are ingendred betwixt wolues
and panthers, Itis thenature of thefe pardals in Affrickto get vp into therough and
thicke trees, wherethey hide themfelues amongeft the boughes and leaues, and doe
not onely take birds, but alfo from thence leape downe vpon beaftsand men when they
efpic their aduantage, and all thefe things doe belong vnto the panthers. 5 n RR :
~~ Concerning the Leopard the wordt felfeis new andlately inuented, for it isheter Nibiccivt
no found amongany of the auncients before Julius Capitolinns, or Sparfianus, Syluaticas, ~ |
39 maketh no difference betwixt pardalis and Leopards, andthe Italians generally call a
: ardal Leopardo, and neuer pardo,exceptfome of the Poets, for breuitie fake in a verfe.
| The leopard is like toalyon in thehead and forme of his members, but yet he isleffer
and nothing foftrong, by the fightof a leopards skinne Gefzer made this defcription
of the beaft. i) Bia E
The length (faith he) from the head to the taile, was as much as a mans ftature, and
| halfe a cubite. Thetaile of it felfe three fpans anda halfe, the breadth in the niiddle
| three {pans, the colour a bright yellow diftinguifhed into divers fpots,the haire fhort
and moffie. "as RE oc kb Nod
The price ofthe skin was about fiue nobles orfertie fhillings, for they differ in price,
_ 4° according totheregions out of which they arc brought, they which come fürtheft are
a fold deareft, and they which comeleffe way are fold cheapeft. It is a wrathfull and an
Ü angry beaft, and whenfoeuer it is ficke it thirfteth after the blood ofa wilde car, and reco-
. | uereth by fucking that blood, or elfe by eating the dung of a man. Aboue all other things
| itdelighteth in the Camphorey tree, and therefore lieth vnder-neathit, tokeepe it from
fpoile,andin like fortthe panther delighteth infweet gums and {pices, and thereforeno
smaruel if they cannot abide garlicke, becaufe it annoyeth their fence of {melling:Andic
1& reportedby S Ambro[e,that if the wals of ones howfe or fheep-coat beanointed with
| the iuice of Garlicke, both panthers and Leopards will run away from it, but ofthis mat-
| ter we fhal faie more afterwards.
9M. 5% "The Leopardis fometimes tamed, and vied in ftead ofa Dog for hunting,both among
| the TanrAxiANs andotherPrinces,for they carry thenibehinde them on Horfe-
backe, and when they fee a Deere or Hart, or conuenient prey, they turne them downe
| vppon them füddainely, who take them and deftroy them; yet íuchis the nature of
| ‘this beáft, as alfo of the Paxparr, shat if he doe not take his prey at the fourth
| E “25 | 9s
a
"aytins,
Alberins,
SSS = =e p Se Se ee Se Se cx: ee ns — = : : na ES : oe Sa LE ee
. Sine: Tom som € EAE I CE CN EM cM TR ERE MÀ M á es
n Pr
p ES : tum
-EL ==
5798 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafis.
or fiftiump, hefalleth fo angry and fierce, thathe deftroyeth whomfoeuer he meeteth;
yea many times his hunter. Therefore the hunters haue alwaies a regardto carry with
them a lambe orakid,or fome fach liuething, wherewichall they pacifte him after he
he hath miffed his game, for without blood he will neuer be appeafed : andthus much
(hall fufficeto haue fpoken ofthe difference betwixt Panthers, Pardals,and Leopards, and
try their fenerall names in Greeke and Latine, from whom almoftall nations doe deriue their
Thenames denomination, for the Italians call it Lezzpardo, the French Leopard, and Lyopard, the
guages, Germans Leppard,and Lefarad, and Pantherthier, the Spaniards Leonpardal,& Leopardo.
“The Illyrians Lewhart,the Caldeans 22r, and fome make no difference betwixt this
andthe Arabian Wolfe: The reafon of the Greeke word Pardalis,or Pordalis, (for they
fignifie both one) feemeth to me in moft probabilitie to be deriued from the Hebrew
word Pardes, fignifying a Garden,becaufeas coloursin a Garden make it {potted and
render a fragrant {inell, fo the panther is diuers coloured like a Garden of fundry flow-
- ers, andalfo itis faidto carry with him a moft fweete fauour whither focuer he goeth,
and therfore in auncient timethey made their Iuory tables ftanding vpon pi&ures of
Panthers, whereof Znvenal writeth thus in one of his Satyres.
Olim ex quauis arbore men[a fiebat
At nunc diuitibus canandi nulla voluptas
nifi [uflinet erbes.
Grande ebur c magno fublimis Pardus biatu
Dentibus ex ilis quos mittit porta Hyenes
Iam nimios capitid, graues , e.
-
Eor the fame caufe pardalis wasthe name of a notable Harlot, for as the Pasthers
by their {weete {mels drawe the beaftes vnto them and then deftroy them, fo alfo doe
harlots decke andadorne themfelues with all alluring prouocations as it were with in-
chaünted odors, to drawe men vntothem, of whom they make fpoyle and rapine: Ther
Euan, is.a pretious ftone alfo called Lapis Pantherus brought out of India, whereupon ifa man
Syluaticus ^ Joke before the Sunne rifing he fhall fee diuers colours, namely, blacke, red, greene,
Albertus suffer, purple, and rofe colour,andthey fay ithath as many vertues asit hath colours sbut
patna of Lliftnotto follow the name any further. var wz
Panthers The Countries breeding Panthers are-Aba/fa in the kingdome of Melacha, in the He
Sumatra Likewife in A s 1 4, efpecially Syria, forthereare none.in Europe, ail Affricke
ouer they are plentiful,asin Zybiaand Mauritania, where abound al ftore ofwilde beafts.
Likewife beyond Catadupa, for Apollonius and his companions fawthere many Zyons &
Panthers. In Arabia the furtheft part;namly the promontory of Dyra towards the fouth,
are the ftrongefi Pardals oftheworld, as faith Strabo:) Likwife in the Mediterancan region
beyond Barygazato ward the South, vnto Dachinabades, and towards the Eaftareal forts
of wilde beafts, both Tygresand panthers: (and Diodorus writeth) that in that part of 4-
rabiaioyning vpon Syria, there Lyons and pardalsare both more in number and grea- 4
terinquantitythen in Lybia, — T. n wa
Alfo it isfaid by Volateranas and Gyllius that the panther of Lyciaand Caria are verye
long, but yet weake and without carriage, being notable to leape farre, yet is their skirt
Lo Afri: fo hard as no yron can pierce. Betwixt the riuer Ganges and Hipha/is, Apollonins aw many
^ panthers. The Indians alfo breed many and make them tame, and leopards do live in the
The feuerall woods of BARBARIA. MER BAIN C EO as
n: ofPan- —[tisapparantby that which is already faide, that the Panther is the name of the greater
seis pardall, and the Leopard oftheleffer,whichthe Arabians call Alpewer and Alfhead, Alge-
mer is bigger then a Linx, but like Leopard, hauing greater and fharpernailesand feete,
blackeand terrible cies,and therefore ftronger, fiercer, and bolderthen the Leoparde,
| for it fettethvppon men, and deftroyeth them. Oppianus defcribeth both kinds in this
manner.There are (faith he) two kindes of pardals, a greater and aleffer, the greater are
broader backt, and bigger in quantity, thelefferbeing leffe in quantity, but not inferior
in (trength: both of chem hauethe fame fhapeand colour of body, except in their raile :
for the greater pardall hath the effer taileand the lefferthe greater: either ofthem haue
fold
19
—À AE Th 3
io
2C
39
Of the Panther.
folidand found thighs, avery long body, bright {eeing eies, the Apples whereof do eli-
fter vnder their eye-lids, which are gray and red within like to burning coales,their teeth
paleand venemous, their skin of diuers colors, yetbright and pleafant,the {pots {tanding
like fo many black cies vponit, Ths far Oppianus. Such skins are oftentimes folde iu the
marts of Europe which are broght in bundles twenty or thirty topither,and it is not to be
forgotten which Polazeras citeth out of Aelianus bat ther is inthis kind of pardals a beaft
called Bitis, not vnlike to the vulgar Leopards in al parts, except that it wanteth a tail; &
they fay that if this beaft befeene by a woman, it will inftantly make her to be fick; butto
proceed to the refidue ofthe parts of thefe beafts, we muft remember that which Arifto-
tlewriteth in his phyfiognomy; as is recorded by Adamantius : Leo perfect isfimam maris
ideam prafe fert Pardalis vero famineam formumex primit crucibus tanti exciptis , quibus ad
inuadendum fortiter vtitur thatisto fay : Among all beafts the lyon doeth moft refemble
the male, andthe pardallthe female, exceptin the legs which the vfeth to take her prey.
Ithati a little face, little mouth, little cies, fomewhat white, plaine, and not much ho-
low,along forehead, cares rather round then{mooth or broad, anecke vety longe and
(lender,the breft not wel fet out with ribs, becaufe they are fmall,the backe long;the bute
tockes and thighes very fle(hy ,the partes about the {naall of the belly orloines are more
fmooth,leffe hollow and bunchy ; the colour divers, and the whole body in articulate,&z
not well compounded for the outward fight : and itis to beremembred(faith Carden)that
allrauening beaftsare like a Cat,as Lyons, panthers, Linces,and pardals,fot they hauein
common thelength and ftrength of their claws beautiful partycoloured skins, alitle head
and round face, along taile, nimblenes of body, and wildnes of nature, liuing vppon the
meat they get in hunting.
The Perfians call a pardall Barbaé£, and Sealiger defcribeth itthus. In his red or yellow
haire he is likea Lyoneffe, but fet with diuers blacke fpots both in length and bredth, as
ifthey were painted.It hath a browneface, afperfed with blacke and white, and it isto bee
remembred,thatas other beafks are either all blacke,or all red, or all white, or allof one
colour by nature, fo alfo it is naturalto pea-cockes and panthers, to haue diuers colours
in them, for thereare in Hircania panthers with little round fpottes like eies, both blacke,
white, blew,and green, as both Solinus and Clawdius teftific, which caufed Marzialto write Albertus,
thus ;
v
Pitto quod iuga delicata collo pardus [uftinet.
There isa land called Terra eremborum inhabited by the Troglodites and Sarazeus in Ly-
bia, where the vper face of the earth is compared vnto the panthers skin, becaufe through
the heat of the fun it is burned,and died as it were into diuers colors,fothat ye hal fee di
ners {pots of white, black,and green earth js ifit wer done of purpofe by the hand of man.
The teeth of the panther are like fawes, as arealfoa Dogs anda Lyons : theyr tongue of
fuch incredible fharpeneffe, that in licking it grateth like a file.
4o ‘The femaleshauefoure vddersin the midft of their belly, the heart is great in proporti-
on,becaufe he isa violent beaft,terifieng man. There are many fiffures in their feet. Their
former feet haue fiuc diftin& claws or fingers,and their hinder feet but four for litle ones
among foure-foored-beafts haue fiue fingers vpon their hinder fret : when they go, they
Play.
Ariftetle,
hide their nailes within the skinne of their feet, as it were in fheaths, neuer bringing them ..
forth but whenthey are in their prey,to the intent they fhould neuer be broken nor dul-
led. Their tails haue nolong hairesat theend likea Lyons or Oxes, and the Leopatd hath
awidermouththenthepardall, ... =. )
The female is oftenertimes taken then the male, thereafon is giuen by Plareran, be-
caufe (heis inforced to feekeabroad for her owne meate and her yoong ones. The place
yo oftheiraboad is among the mountaines and woods, and efpecially they delight in the
tree Camphorie. They rauen vpon fiefh both birdes and beaftes: for which caufe they
hide themfelues in trees, efpecially;in Mauritania, where they are not very {wift of foote,
& therefore they giue themfeluesto take Apes, which they attaine by this pollicy : when
they feetheapes,they make after the,whoattheir firít approching climbe into the tops of
trees, S there fittoauoydthe Panthers dp: fhe is notable to follow the fo hiejbut ys
j e£ 7 | $
The food of
Panthers,
OF a d 22. ! ^ ^
580
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
fhe is more cunning thenthe Apes, andtherefore diuifeth more fhiftstotake them, that
where nature hath denied hir bodily power.there (he might fupply that want by the gifts
ofthe mind.Forth therefore thee goeth, and vnder the tree wherethe Apes arelodged,
fhelieth downeas though fhe were deade, ftretching out her limbes, and reftraining her
breath, (hutting her eyes, and (hewing al other tokens of expiration. The Apes thatfitte .
onthe toppes of the Tree behold from on high the behauiour of their aduerfary, and be-
caufe al of them with her dead, they more eafily beleeue that which fo much they defire,&
‘yet dare not defcend to make tryall. Then to end their doubtes, they chufe out one from
among them all, whom they thinke to be of the beftcourage, andhim they fend downe
as it were for an efpy, to certifie al therefidue : forth then he goeth witha thoufand feares
~ in hismind,andleapeth from bough to bough with no great haft,(for dread of an il bar-
Their loue
of [pices,
Thefauor or
{mel of Pan-
thers.
e/riffotle.
Volateranns.
E
gain yet being come downe, dareth not approach nigh, but hauing takeaa view ofthe
counterfeite, and repreffed his owne feare, returnethbackeagaine: Aftera little fpaee he
defcendeththe fecond time, and commeth nearer the panther then before, yet returneth
without touching him. Then he difcendeth the third time, looking into his ¢ies, and ma-
keth tryall whether hee draweth breath orno, but the Panruer keepeth both breath
and lims immouable,by that means imboldning the Apes to their owne deftru&tion 5 for
the fpy-Ape fitteth down befide the Panther and ftirreth not : now when thofe which are
aboue in the tree, fee how their intelliger abideth conftantly befide their aduerfary with-
out harme, they gather their fpirits togither and difcend downe in great multitudes run-
ning aboutthe panther, firft ofall going vpon him, and afterwards leaping with great foy
and exultation, mocking this their aduerfary with al their apifh toyes, andteftifieng their
ioy for hir fuppofed death: and in this fort the Panther fufferetlithem to continewa great
feafon, til he perceiueth they are throughly wearied,and then vpon a fudden hee leapeth
vpaliue againe, taking fome of them in his claws, deftroying andkilling them with teeth
and nailes, til he haue prepared for himfelfa rich dinner out of his aduerfaries flefh. And
like as y/fesendured all the contumelies and reproaches, both of his maids and wiues
fuiters, vntill he had aiuftoccafion giuen him ofreuenge,fo doth the Panther the difdain-
full dealing of the Apes: wherupon came the prouerbe, Pardi mortes disfimulat, Thana
ron pardaleos hypocrimetai, again{t a cunning diffembling fellow, fucha one as Brutus was,
who counterfatted madnes that he might get the Empire.
So greatis the loue of this bcaftto all fpices and aromaticall trees, that they come o-
uerall che mountaine Ta#rus through Armeniaand Sila when the winds bring the fauor
of the {weet gum vnto them, out of Pamphilia from the tree Storax : whereupon lyeth this
ftory. There wasa certaine panther which was taken by king Ar/aces,anda Golden collor
putvpon hisnecke, with this infcription : Rex Ay faces deo Nifeo, that is, King Arfacesto
the God Bacchus : for Bacchus was called Ni/eus of acitty Nifa in India. This Beaft erew ve-
ry tame, and would fuffer himfelfe to be handled and ftroked by thehands of men, vntill
the fpring time that he winded the fauour of the Áromatical trees, and then he would run
away from all hisacquaintance, according to hiskind, and fo at laft was taken inthe nea-
ther part of the mountaine Taurus which was many hundred miles diftant from thekings
court of Armenia. | |
Wehaue fhewedalready how they loue the gum of Camphorey, watching thattree,to
the end to preferuc it for their owne vfe, and indeed as Aclianus{aith : Admirabilem quan-
tam odoris [aavitatem olet pardalis, quans bene olendi preflatians diuino munere donatam,
cum fibi propriam plane tenet tum vero catera animalia eius hane vim preclare (entisimt: thatis
to fay, the Panther or Pardall fmelleth moft fweetly; which fauor he hath receitied from
a diuine gift, and doth not onely feelethe benefit of it himfelfe, but alfo bewray it vnto o-
ther beafts : for when he feeleth himfelfto be hungry and flandin need of meat;then doth
he getvp into fome roughtree,and by his favour or fweet fmel, draweth vnto him an in-
numerable company of wilde Goats,Harts, Roes,and Hinds, and fuch other beafts, and
fo vpon a fudden leapeth downe vpon them, when he efpyeth his couenient time.
And Selinus faych, that the fweetneffe of his fauor worketh the fame effec vpponthem
in the open fieldes, for they are fo mightily delighted with his fpotted skin and ‘fragrant
fmell, rhat they wil alwaics come running vnto him from all parts, ftriuing who fhal come
| S neareft
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20 |
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Of the Panther: | 581
néare d him tobe fatisfied with the fight, but when once they looke vppon his fierce and
grim face, they allare terrified andturne away : for which caufe the fubtle beaft, tyrneth
away his headand keepeth that from their fight, offering the more beautiful parts of his
body, asan alluring bayttoamoufe and deftroy them: and from hencethere are fome
whichare of opinion, that he receiueth his name Panthera, of congregating, togither all
kind of beafts to look on him, for Pax fignifiethail;and Therta fignifteth bealts..Albertus is
of opinion that the report of the Panthers fauour or fweet (mellis buta fable,becaufe(he Tídorns,
| faith it is written asa Maximum among Philofophers, that Cetera animaliaprater bomi-
"| — memued, faaviter ned, molefle oderibus affici thatis: That no creatures(man excepted)can
bc faidto fmell eithe; (weetly or fowerly and Theophraffus writeth : Animal pullum penetus
edoratum eft nifi quis dixerit pardalin. bellmarum cen[ui bene olere that is : There is no crea-
turethat can be {aid to be foodorifirous;exceptlthe pardal feemto {mel wel to the {cents
of other beafls : for itis certain that there be fomfauours and fmels which beaftes dofol-
Jowaudrefufe, being led thereunto onely for the choice of their meate:for by.their no-
festhey choofe that which is conuenient & agreeable to their natures but that they (hold
be drawn by any fmelsor fauours meerly, and for no other caufe but the pleafure of the
|— fcentsjas it isa reafonable partin man fo it is vnteafonable, to attribute the very fame vn-
| - 'toabcaít di 12515 | VAelsi | TU
Yetheereinby thefauour of Albertus I difcent from him; for it being granted which
iM. ae allmenyecldvnto,tbat either the {pots ofhis skin,whichfeeme to be as many eiesas co-
| lours,or els the {weet fauour which commeth from him as the occafionofthebeaíts a(-
fembling about him; then it followeth that when heis from the earth andlodgedina tree,
and fo not vifibleto the eies of the beafts, if then I fay they aflemble about the tree where-
in he isloded, there isno caufe to draw tbe beaftes vnto bim, buttheattra&iue power of :
his fweets fauour : and what want of reafon can itbe iuftly deemed to fay that beafts loue
fweet fauours, feeing both Alberts, and al other learned men that I know do confident-
ly affirme, that many wilde beafts do forfake their meat to heare mufick,and alfo the Bad«
ger doth forlake his owne den when -heperceiueth the Foxe hath emptied. his, bellye
therein. | to jsbüre ne tao sive riti ES
L MP" Therefore I will conclude this point with admiration of the worke ofthe creator, te confi-
der how wifely hehath difpofed Kis goodneffe, and how powerfully hee communicateth
the affections of his divinity eucn vnto brute beafts, who doth not diftingui(h them afun-
| - deronelyby their outfides and exterior partes, nor yetby their infides and qualities of
: their minds, butalfo by theayre they draw in,and the fauour they fend forth,
Amongall kinds of Beaftes the male is moft couragious and fierce, except in Bearés
and panthers, forthe female panther is more generous thenthe male.Atthetime of their
luft, they haue very peculiar voices, which caufedthe poet to write thus;
Their timé
ir eflu&, '
panther cauvit amans ,Pardus hiandofeltt. |
1) 4° Archefound ofthofe voices other beafts come about thein, as both Lyons, Lyoneffes,
| Wolues,and Thoes.T hey neuer beat abouc once, becaufe when the young ones begin
T3 to flirre in the dams belly,and gather ftrength for birth;they canot tarry theiuft time of
their deliuery,butteare out the womb or bag wherein they lie with the fharpnes oftheir
nailsand therefore their dam is forced for che auoiding of pain to caft them forth of the
B "womb bothblindand deformed; which yet (he norifheth tenderly, but afterwards can ne
|
| uer conceiue againe, by reafon that her wombe isfo torne with the clawes of her firfte
| whelpcs,that itis not ableto retaine to perfection the receiued feed ofthe male, —
| Panthers liue togither in flockes or heards, and greatly delight in their owne kind but Their]oue
| in no other that Iknowes and therefore I wonder from what Author J//darus wrote. Pan- a kr d à
59 sher omnium animalium amicus eff excepto Dracones That the panther is friendly toal beafts friends
except the Draggon. -It was not in vainethat the poets feigned the Nurfes of Bacchus to
bec rurned intopanthers, and that they deuoured Pewtheus becaufe he railed vppon Bae-
| shus : for as a Lyon doeth in moft thinges imitate and refemble the very nature of
span, fo after the very felfe-fame manner doeth the panther of a Woman, for itis a
Ggg 3 | frau-
Sees
Sa = = ™ ——M—ÀÓ—
mE
IT
as
=
Sa
ae
-—
j
i
rec
The defcrip-
tion of Pan.
thers.
Thetaming
ef Panthers.
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beajfts.
fraudulent though a beautifull beaft, or (as Adamantiws writeth) Panthere ingenium mol.
leeft, efaminatum, ivacundum, in frdiofum , i frandulentum, tinndum fimul e audax, bis
moribus eorporis etiam forma refpondit : hat is , The d ifpofition ofthe Panther is wanton,
effeminate,outragious, treacherous, deceiprfull, fearefull,and yetbold : and forthis oc-
cafion, in holy fcripturesit is ioyned with the Lyon andthe Wolfe, to make vp thetri-
plicity of rauening bcafts: and therefore alfo we read, that the wifeftamong the E. 6 yp v 1-
Ax s whenthey willfignifiea cunning man couering thefecret corruption and euil difpo-
{ition of his mind, pretending good, and yet intending euill,they pi&urea P A wx n;
for we hauefhewed already how hee doeth couer bothhis heade and his bodieto take his 1
rey. " : : i
Thisbeaftis neuer fo tamed but thathefaleth into his wilde firsagaine. "Theirloueto
their yong ónesis exceeding great,forifatany time whilethey are abroad to forage they
meet withhunters that would take them away , they fight for them vnto death,and to faue
them from blowes, interpofe their owne bodies, receiuing mortall woundes, butifthey:
find their young onestaken out of their denne in theirabíence, they bewailetheirloffe
with loud and miferable howling. ; |
Demetrius the Phylofopher relateth this ftory ofa Panther,that lay in the high waye
to meet witha man to helpe hir young ones out of a ditch or deepe pit wherein they were
[^
fallen,at length there appeared in hir fight the father of Philinusa Phylofopher,who pre- .
fently began to runne away as fooneas-he faw the beaft, but the poore. diftreffed Panther
rouled after him in humble maner, asthough fhe had fome {ute vnto him, andtook him
lightly by the skirt of his garment with one ofher clawes : the man perceiuing that (hee
gaue fücke by the greatneffe of her Vdders hanging vnder her belly, beganneto take pit-
' ty vpoaber; and layed away feare, thinking that indeed which happened, thatheryoung
Oties were taken from her by one meanes or other 5 therefore he followed hir, (he draw-
A notable
Lorie ota |
Panthers
loue to his
companion.
The harm es
2f Panthers,
Lee n eor $
zi [/ bert, Ife
ing him with oneof lier feet vntothe caue whereinto hir young ones were fallen, out of
which he deliuered them to the mother a$ raunfome for his ownelife, and then bothífhee
andtheyoung ones did follow him reioycing; out of che daunger ofall beaftes, and out
ofthe wilderneffe, difiniffing him without all manner of harme, which is a rare thinge in
aman tobe fo thankefull; and much more in a beaft: and vnto this {tory of their loue and
kindneffeto their young ones, I may adde another, woorthy to bee remembered out of
Aeliantis, ty T |
Therewas (faith heya man which brought vpatamerPanther froma whelpe, and had
made it fo gentle, tharit refufed nofociety of men, and he himfelfe loued itas ifit had bin
his wife. There was alfo a little Kyd in the houfe brought vp tame, ofpuspofeto begiuen
vnto the Panther when it was growne to fome flature or quantity, yetinthe meanefea-
fon thé Panther plaied with it euery day: at laft it being ripe, the maifter killedit and layed
it beforethe Panther to be eaten, buthe would not touch it, wherevpon he fafted ull the
next day, and then it was brought vnto him againe, but herefufed itas before, at laft hee
fafted the third daie, and making great moane for meat, according to his vfuallmanner,
had the Kyd laide before him the third time, the poore beaft feeing that nothing woulde
feruethe turne, but that he mutt either eat vppe his chamberfellow, or elfe his mayfter
would make him continually faft, heranneand killed another Kyd, difdaining to medle
with that which was his former acquaintance, yeathoughit were dead; heerin excelling
many wicked men, who doe not fpate thofe that haue liuedwiththem inthegreateft fa-
miliarity and friendfhippe, to vndooe and ouerthrow them aliue for the aduauncement
of themfelves. c vd
We haue faide already, that they moft of all refemble Women, and indeed they are
enimies to all creatures. The Leopards of Bake Ary dolittle harmeto men that they
L "
39
meet, except they meet them in fome path waie wherethe man cannot declinethe beaft, 5?
nor the beaft cheman, there they leape moft fiercely into his face, and pull awaie as much
fiefhas they canlaie hold vpon,and manie of them with their nailes do pierce the brains.
ofaman. xo Yt na.
They vfe notto inuade or force vpon flocks of fheepe or Goats, yet wherefoeverthey
feeaDoggethey inftantly killand devoure him. The great Panther is atetrorto the dra-
UAE gon
16
Of the Panther. 583
por ,and fo fooneasthe Dragon feethit,he flyeth to his caue: Theleffer Panthers or efeicez.
eopards dootiercome Wolues being fingle,and hand to hand as we fay, but by multi-
tudethey ouermaifter and deftroy him, for if he endeuour to run away, yet they are fwif-
tcr and cafily ouercomce it.
There isalfo great hatred and enmity betwixt the Hyena andthe Panther, forinthe
fence of the Hyzna, the Pardall dareth notrefift ichi i Phy.
prefence of the Hyzna, the Pardall dareth not refift, andthac whichis more admirable,
ifthere bea peece of an Hyznaes skinne about either man or beaft, the Panther willne- Oy,
uertouch it,& iftheir skinsafter they be dead be hung vp in theprefence of one another,
the haire will fall of from the Panther, and therefore when the Egyptians would fignifie
howa fuperiourwas ouercome by a füpetiour, they picture thofetwo skinnes . If any
thing be annoimted with broath wherein a Cocke hath beene fodden, neither Panthers The terror
nor Lyons will euer touch it, efpecially if there be mixed with it the iuce of Garlike. of Panthers,
Leopards are afraid of a certaine tree called Leopardi arbor, Leopards-tree. Panthers 4:
à : j hits Rais
are alfo afraid of the {cull ofa dead man,and runne fromthe fight thereof: yet itis repor- a -nLapius,
ted that two yeare before the death of Francis King of France, two Leopards,amaleand © __
a female were let efcape in France into the Woods, either by thenegligence or the ma-
' ice of their keepers,that is a male anda female, and about Orleance tore in peeces many
20
2
49
$c
men and Womensat laft they cameandkilled a bride which was that day to haue beene
married, and afterward there were found many carkafes of Women deftroyed by rhem,
of whichthey had eaten nothing but onely their breaftes : Such like thinges I might ex-
preffe many in this place, whereby the vengeance of almighty God againfl mankind for
many fins, might feeme to be executed by theraging miniftery of wilde, fauage;and vn-
gentle beaftes.
For this caufe weread in auncient time how the Senatours of Rome gaue lawes ofpu- edie a
anthers
nifhmentagainft them that fhould bring any Panthers into Italy, efpecially any Affri-
can beaftes : and che firft that gaue difpenfation againft thofe lawes was Cneius Aufidius
the peoples Tribune, who permitted them for the fake of the Cércenfian games: and
then Scaurus in the office of his xdility broughtalfo inan hundred and fifty: After him
Pompey the great four hundered andten,andlaftly Aveu/fus that euer remembred and re-
nowned Emperor,foure hundred andtwenty. Thus lawes which were firftmade by great
men and good Senators, for the fafety of the common-wealth,became of no great valew,
becaufe as great or greater then the lawmakers, had a purpofe to aduance themfelues by
the pra&ife of thofe things which law had iuftly forbidden, for if thofe decrees had ftood
effe Quall,as the vié&torious Champions*bad lofte that part oftheir vaine tryumphes, fo
many people had afterward beene prefertied aliue,who by the cruelty of thefe beafts were
either torne in peeces, or elfe receiued mortall wounds. .
Tt was notin vainethat the bleffed martyr of Iefus Chrift 7gnatias, who was afterwards
torne in peeces by wilde beaftes at Rome, did writethusinhis epiftle to the Roman chri-
ftians concerning his handling by the Roman Souldiers, as hewas brought prifoner out
ofsyríato Rome. A Siria Remam vd, cum beftys depugno per terram Cy mare die nott eque
vintius cum decem Leopardis , hee eft eum militari cu[lodia, qui ex beneficys deterwres fiunt.
From Syria (faith he) to Rome Ihaue fought with beaftes, beeing night and day held in
bondageby ten Leopards, I meaneten Souldious, who notwithftanding many benifits I
beftowed vpon them,yet do they vfe meworfe and worfe : and thusmuch for the cruelty
of Panthers and Leopards.
We hauefhewedalready howthey become tame,and are vied in hunting;vnto which Vosa
difcourfe (fomewhat out of the place) I will adde a true narration of two Panthers or Panthers.
Leopards nourifhed in France for the king, whercofone was of the bigneffe ofa great ra
Calfe, and the other ofa great Dogge, and that on aday the leffer was brought forth for
the Kine to behold howtame and tractable he was,and that hé would ride behinde his
kezpervppona cloath or pillow being tyed inachaine : and ifa Hare had beene let loofe
iu his prefence and heturncd down to her, within a few iumpes or leapes he wouldattain
andtakeher, Whenthekeeper was to take vp the Leopard againe, hedidcometo him
backewatd, leaft ifie fhould fec his face, he (hould leape vpon himand wound him, (for
as we hauefaid they are angry being chafed andare ready to flyc into the Hunters face)
there-
— —
"
a pe uve si Lene ia ese EET
irasci i
LTEM a i zn
Sess
The taking
pf Panthers,
Disfcorides
Ply.
eAAriftotle
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafis.
therefore he tiirrieth his face away from him,and betwixt his Légees reachethhim a
peece of bread or flefh,and fo he gently taketh him into his chaine and callaragaine, lea-
ding him away to his houfe, and affoone asthe man was mounted the beaftalfo knew his
feate and leaped vp after him. á
And thefame party alforelated, that when as a Lyon was turnedforthtoa Bull, the
Lyon very quietly without flirring lay downe and did no harme, or offer any violence or
combate with the Bull: but afterward when asthe two Leopardes were turnedforthto
the fame Bull, they inflantly ran and tookethe Bull by the throate, and without all doubt
they had ftrangled and pulled out his throate, ( had not their keepers which had long
chainestyed about their Neckes in their handes/ reftrained and pulledthem oftagaine.
By thismay be conietured how great is the rage of the wild and vntamed Leopards and
Panthers, feeing the tameand gentle are fo cruell’;and therefore the Lord inthe pro-
phets did moft wifely compare the fiedge of the 4/frians abovt Jerufalemto a Leopard,
watching atthe gates of the Citty to deftroy all that came out thereat,
Hauing, thus difcourfed of the nature, partes, kindneffe, loue, andhatred of thefe
beaftes in gencrall, it now followeth to expreffe the beft meanes toauoideand deftroy
them,thatfo we may not onely know our enimy but alfo learne the way tooucrmatchand
curbe him.
Thereis akind of Henbane whichis called Pardalianches or Libbard-bane which the
inhabitants of Pharnacas,and the mount 74a, were wont to lay inthe Mountaines forthe if
deftoying of Leopards, Pardals, and Panthers. This Hearbeis not muchknownatthis
day, yet Í take itto be the famewhich groweth in many places of France and 3442j, and
itis called Tora, by theroote thereof beaten to powder and {topped vp in fle(h,not only
beaftes, butalío Woluesand Swine,as wilde Boares are deftroyed ifthey taft thereof,
whenthe beaftperceiueth himfelfe poyfoned, prefently he feeketh for mans dung, for
without that he cannot bee delivered ; wherefore the Hunters do alfo placeneerevnto it
fome veffell of it hanging ina tree, with the mouth or way open that leadeth into itjwher-
into the greedy beaft leapeth,and being in cannot get forth againe,but rather dyeth with
hunger, orelfe is taken and killed, or elfe the veffellis hanged vpfo high that thebeaft
by ftrayning himfelfe toleape into it and get his defired medicine ( butall in vaine)fpen- 3
deth out the time of his recouety tilthepoyfon hath throughly corrupted his body, and
euery part and member, for otherwifefo great is the life, {pirit,aud ftomake of this beaft,
that he will fightand not yeald to his aduerfary, although his gutsand intrals hangabout
his legs out of hisbelly. :
"Therefore the Panthers of Hireania do more often peri(h by poyfonthenby other vi-
olence of Swords, Speares,or Dogges: for by thispoyfon the beaft many times falleth
to fuch a loofeneffe of his belly, and withall fach a weakeneffe thereby, that he istaken a-
liue. Likewife in Armenia there are certaineFifhes which are poyfon to Lyons, Beares,
Wolues, Lynces, and Panthers, the powder of this fith the inhabitants put intothe fides
and fleth of their Sheepe, Goates,and Kyds, without all harme to thefe beaftes, but ifthe 4?
Panthers or any rauening beaft come and deuoure any of thofe fheep fo dreffed, prefent-
Jythey die by poifon. |
When they are hunted and forced ia the prefence of the hunters, then they leape di-
reétly vnto their heades,and thereforethe hunter taketh greatcareboth ofhis ftanding
andalfo of holding his fpeare, for if he receiue notthe Panther in his leapeand gore him
to the heart, orelfe otherwife wound himmortally, he is goneand hislifeisatan end. Op-
pianus alfo (heweth that he is taken as Lyons are, efpecially by thefe meanes following,
for when the hunters perceiue the way or path which he vfeth to his water, therein they
makea deepe ditch (but not fo greatasthey make for a Lyon ) wherein they ere& a wod-
den pillar or great poft, vnto that they tic certaineengins,and withalla male little Dogge d
whofe ftones or tender coddes they bind withfome ftring or cord, fo as the young bealt
may whine and cry for paine, by which voicehee inuiteth and calleth thePanther to his
deftru&ion: For the greedy beaft winding the voice ofthe Dogge, beftirreth himfelfe
to meetewith his defired prey or booty ; at laft finding the ditch and feeing the Dogge
downe, he leapeth where the enginstake prefent hold vponbim and deftroy him,and fo
he
| a Of the Panther. Ls 585
he defcribeth thefanie meanes to take great fifhes by the fight of litle Fifhes fwimming
inanct. | j ) !
In hunting of wilde beaftsthewary Wood-man muft make good choice of his horfe,
not onely forthe mettell and agility which arevery neceffary but alfoforthe colour, as Oppianns
| we hauealready expreffed in the ftory ofthe Horfe : fortheeray Horfeis fitteft for the
| Bearejand moft terrible to him,the yellowor fire colour againft the Bore, butthe brown
and reddith colour againftthe Panther. , ^ic |
The Moores alfo vfe other deuifes to take Panthers andallfüch noyfome beaftes,
| they enclofe in alittle houfe certaine rotten flefhe, which by the fauourthereof when
| qo it ftiaketh, draweth thewilde Bcafts vnto it: For they makea dore, ora gateofreedes vn-
| to the faid houfe, through which the filthy finell breaketh out and difperfeth itfelfeinta
| the wideaire; prefently the wilde beaftes take it vp, and follow it withall {peede they can,
| for there is notany muske or other fweete thing wherewithall menare fo much deligh-
ted, as rauening beaftes are withthe fauour of carrion: therefore like an amorous cup it
draweth them tothe fnare of petdition : for befide the rotcen flefh, they erect many en-
ginsand vnauoidable traps, to fnare inthe beaft when he commeth to rauen.
TheChriftiansof Arrricke did infticutea generall hunting of Leopards, inclo-
fing the ends of the waies through which the beaftes were to pafle : The Leopardwhen he
was ftirred ranne too and fro diftra@ed, becaufe in all his paffages he found Horfe-men
ready to refifthim, neither leftthey any way for him to efcape: at length wearied with
many windinges, turninges, and prouocations, the Horfe-men mighteafily come vate
him and pearce him with their fpeares, but if itfortuned that the Leopard efcaped, and
brake away from the Hunters ; then hee at whofecorner hebrake forth, was bound by an-
cient cuftome to make the refiduc a dinner or banquet . TET
.. Among theC/aonians there was a certaine young Noble man which loueda Virgin
called Anthippe, the which two louers were walking together a good feafonin a Woods
Ithappened whilethey werethere, that Cichyrus fhe Kings Sonne profecuted a Pardallin
hunting, which was fled into that Wood,and feeing him, bent his arme againfthim and
caft his Dart: the which Dart miffed the marke andkilled the Virgin Anthippe, the young
, Prince thought that heehad flaine the beatt, and therefore drew neare on Horfe-backto
.5" reioyce ouer the fallofthe game, according to the maner of hunters; but at his approch
he found it far otherwife,for in ftead of the effufid of the bloud of a beaft,(that which was
morelamentable) his right hand had fhed the bloud of a Virgin: For when he came to
them he faw her dying and drawing her laft breath, and the young man held his hand in
the wound to flanch thebloude: for forrow whereof hee prefently fell diftraéted in his
mind, and ran his horfeto the top ofa fharp rocke, from whence he caft dowrie him[elfe
headlong and fo perifhed. | | EID Li du.
The Chaonians after they vnderftood this feareful accident, and the reafon of it, com-
B paffedin the place where he fell wich a wall, and forthe honor of their dead Prince buil-
{| 46 ded a Citty where he lofthis life, and called it Ci¢hyrus after his owfié name, - 5. Theirloue of
| Leopards and Panthers do alfo Ioue Wine aboue all other, drinke, and for this caufe Wine
| -- both Bacchus was refembled to them, and they dedicared to him: Bacchum tauro afimu-
| lant c? Pardali, quod hommes ebrij belluarum iftarum ingenia referant , c omnia violenter 4-
1 gant quidam enim iragunda fiunt Tamrorum inflar, c pugnaces ferid, vt Pardales : faith Plato
1 in his fecond booke of lawes, they refemble and compare Bacchus to a Bull, or Pardall,
becaufe drunken men inall their a&ions do imitate the difpofition of thefe wilde beafts,
| both intheir folly and violence : Forfome ofthem are wrathfulllike Bulles, and fome of
B them wild apt to fight, like Pardals : Bacehus was alfo called Nebrides, becaufe he wore the
«Idane ofa hinde-Calfe, which is {potted almoft likea Panther : and therefore afearefull
vo man,ora drunken,variableand inconftant man, is faidto weare a skinne of divers colours:
butthe chiefe caufe why Panthers were dedicated to Bacchus was for their loue of Wine;
for all writers doe conftantly and with one confent affirme, that they drinke wine vnto
drunkenneffe :the manner and end thereof is eligantly defcribed by Oppianus in this fort: n
When the inhabitants of Lybia do obferue fomelittle fountaine arifing outof the fand; i.
and falling downcagaine, (as in the manner of fmall fpringes which cannot encreafeinto dT
r ; great
PT
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Spells ae aes cea ili IU II aC m MUR: VIRI uoces n EIS A Le E m a ETE re.
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596
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
great rivers) whereat the Panthers and. Pardals vfeto drinke early ina morning, before
it belight.After they haue beene at their prey in the night time, the hunters comeand
poure twentie or thirtie pitchers of olde fweete wine into the faide fountaine, then a
little way from itthey lye downeand couer themfelues with cloathes, or with firaw, fos .
- their isno’ fhelter either of tree or bufhes in that Countrey.
Vie of their
parts.
eAuicenna
eAlhertus
Raf:
Avr£lens
Galen
In the morning the Panthersardently thirfling, and beingalmoftdead for want of
drinke,come vnto the fame fountaine, and tafting of the wine drinke thereof great aboun-
dance, which prefently falleth to worke vpontheirbraines, forthey begin firft of allto
leape and fport themfelues, vntill they be well wearied, and then they lye downe and 1o
fleepe moftfoundly, at which time the hunters that lyein waite for them, come and take
themwithout all feare or perill: Thus farre Oppsanus.
- Concerning the vfe of their feuerall partes I finde little among the auncientes,
exceptof their skinnes, for the foote-men and auncient fouldiers of the. Moores, did
notonely weare them for garments, but alfo fleept vponthem in the night time, The
(hepheards of Erhiopia called Agriophagi doe eatethe fefh of Lyonsand Panthers, al-
though it be hot and dry. |
The medicines of tbe Panther, or Leopard.
If the skinne or hide of a Leopard being taken and flead be couered or laid vpponthe i
ground, there is fuch force and vertue in the fame that any venemous or poifonfomefer-
pentes dare not approcb into the fame place whereitis folaid. The fle(h ofa Panther
being roafted or boiledat the fire, and fimelled by any one which is troubled with the pal-
fie, or fhaking in the ioyntes, as alfo by them which are troubled with the bearing and
continuall mouing or turning of the heart, is a very profitableand excellent remedy for
the fame.
The fame fat or fewet ofa Leopard being mixed or mingled with the Oyle whichpro-
ceedeth from the Bay-tree, and tlien mollified both together,and fo annointed vpon any
one which is troubled with the {curfe ar Mangy, the {cabs whereof doth cut or pierce the
skinne, doth prefently and without any griefe or paine cure thefame . Thetwigges ofa 3
Vine-tree being dryed and beaten into {mall duft.or powder,and mingled together with
the fat or greafe ofa Leopatd, and fo anointed vppon the face of any one who is grieued
with akings and {wellinges thereon, willnotonely cure and heale the fame without any
paineor forrow, butalfo preferue the fame free from blemifhes in the time of healing.
The greafealfo of a Leopard by itfelfe, being anointed vpon the head ofany one who
doth fhead or cafthis haire or is troubled with the Foxes euill, doth immediately helpe
and cure thefame. The blood ofa Panther being annointed vpon the vaines or finnewes
of either man or woman who is grieved with any {welling or'akings therein, is very profi-
tableand curable to expell the fame away. The braines ofa Leopard being mingled witha ,,
little quantity of the water whichis called a Canker, and wich a little Iafmine, and fo mix-
ed togetherand then drunke, doth mittigate the paine orach of the belly. The braines of
the fame beaft being mixed with the iuyce ofa canker & annointed vpon the genital ofa-
ny man, doth incitateand ftir him vp to lechery, but the marrow which com meth from
this beaftbeing drunke in wine doth eafe the paine or wringing of the gutsand thebelly.
The gall ofa Panther beingreceiued into the body either in meate or drinke, doth inftant-
ly and out ofhandkill or poyfon him which doth {6 receiue it . The right ftone ofa Leo-
pardbeing taken ofa woman ofa farre fpent age, doth reftore vnto her, her menftruall
purgation being ceafed, and doth make her to purge, iffhe doc hartely receiuehir meate
more often. :
or?
)
I 3° Mountaines of Jndiaand Cathay, there are a generation of white and blacke Oxen which
Vr
OO.
ie wit
| OF THE POEPHAGVS.
| Hereisa beaftin India called Poephagus, becaufe he fee:
M deth vponhearbes and graffe like a Horfe,whofe quantity
he doth exceede double, for he is twice fo big, his taile is
moftthicke and blacke, the haires whereof are thinner |
Ja} then the haires ofa mans head: andtherefore the Indian
4| women make great account of them, for withthem they
binde vp their own haire, platting it, and folding itin cu-
rious manner, euery haire is two cubites in length,and
vpon one roote twenty or thirty of then: grow togicher:
this greatbeaftis one of the fearefulleft creatures inthe.
World; for if he perceiuehimfelfe to be but looked at o
any body hetaketh him to his hecles as fa(tas he can goe, and yet although his heart bee
| lighthis heeles be heauy, for faith my Author, Magis /indiofe quam celeriter fugam peragit.
| Thatis, Hehathagood will to run apace, but cannot pcrforme it : but if he be followed
vpon goodfwift Horffes, or with nimble Dogges, fo as he perceiueth they are neare to
ee take him, and he by nomeanes can auoyde them, then doth heeturne himfelfe ; hiding
his taile, andlooketh vppon the face ofthe hunter with fome confidence, gathering his
wits together, (yet in fearefull manner,as itwere to face out his purfuer or hunter, that
he hadne taile, and that the refidue of hisbody were not worth looking after : but while
he ftandeth ftaring on his hunter, another commeth behinde him and killeth him with a
{peare, fo they take off the skinne and the taile,and throw away che flefhas vnprofitable, Actianus;
for the other recompence their labour for their paines . Volateranus relaceth this a little
otherwife, and faith that the beaft biteth off his owne taile, and fo deliuereth hinifelfe
from the hunter; knowing that he is not defired for any other caufe. EN "ie é
^ ‘Nicolaus Venetus an Eacle,writing ofthe furtheft part oriprouince of Afia, which hee "ene Silii,
calleth Adacinam, and Ithinke he meaneth Serica, becaufe hee faith it lyeth betwixt che~
haue Horffes tailes, but reaching downe to their heeles, and much rougher .. The haire
whercofareas thinne as the feathers of ying Birds, thefe he faith are in great eftimation,
forthe Knights and Horfe-men ofthat Countrey doe weare them vpon the top of their
lances and {peares for a badge.or cognifance of honor, the which thoughtfitte to bec
remembred in this place, becaufe I take them to bec either the fame with thefe Indian
| — beáfts,orvery like vntothem. - S
The
The feuerall
names,
"Belloguss.
LE hu Bellowins
Jj The quils &
if fpeares.
la un
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The Porcufpine or Porcupine.
Can notlearne any name for this beaftamong the Hebrewes,
and therefore by probabilitie it wasvnknowne tothem: ‘The
BA} Graccians call it Acanthecoiros and Hyffrix thatis, [us fétofa,
j| a hairy,or briftly, or thorny hogge.for their quils which they
)| beare vpontheir backe, are called both pil, fete villi, pinna,
aculei, and fpina, that is, both haires, briftles, rough-haire,
Pins, prickles, and thornes. The Arabians call it Aduldull,
| and Adualbul, adubul, adulbus, and fome Abeérba which by.4-
MMSE nicen and his Gloffographer, is defined to bee Mentamus Erieius
habeus [pimas fagittales an Hedghogge of the Mountaine, hauing qvils or-thornes vppon
IO
any confufed order ofcolours, but in well formed and diftinguifned rankes, being fharp
at the pointslikea knife : VVhenthey archunted the beat ftretcheth his skin, and cafteth
Pil-
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foode,
"The vfe of
The Hijlory of Foure-footed Beajfis.
pilgrimes that come yearly from Saint Jeames of Compoftella in Spaine, doe bring backe
xerally one of thefe quils in their caps, but for what caufe know not. The pace of this
beaftis very flow and troublefome vnto it, and therefore it is hardly drawne out of his
den, which it diggethlikea Badger,from which it neuer goethfarre, but fcedeth vpon
thofe thinges which are neare vnto its Ir is a filthy beaft, fmelling ranke becaufe itliueth
fo much in the earth, being wildeit neuer drinkech, and I thinke it eateth Apples,roots,
aud rindes of trees, and peraduenture {nailes,andfuch reptile creatures, but being ta-
med, it eateth all inde of fruite, likewife bread, pycruft; and fuchthinges broken fmall.
It drinketh alfo: water, but aboue all other wine mingled with water : In the day. time it
(leepeth and in the night time it waketh, by which we gather, that being wilde it feareth
the light, and therefore trauelleth in thenight time for his meat and living. It is a gene-
rall liue creature, and begetteth other im his owne kinde : the female bearing the yoong
‘onesin her belly, as long timeas a Beare, that is thirtie daies; andalfo it hideth it felfe
foure monethes in the Winter time likea Beare, but whether for cold orany ether caufe
the Authors doe not expreffe. S ‘ .
In my opinion for cold tather then for any other teafon, although there be fome
that affirme itlyeth hid in the Summertime,and commeth abroad in the Winter time,
contrary tothe courfe of all other beafts, and therefore fuch aparadox doth want the
teftimony offome credible writers which flhould affirme it vpon their owne experience,
or elfe it were requifiteto bring fufficient reafons to leadtheir Readers to beleeue it, but
neither of bothis difcharged by them and therefore it is fafer for vs to follow Ariffotle
and Pliny, who hold the firft opinion, then Albertus and Agricola who encline to the later.
Inall other things both of their lying hid jof their procreation, of the comming out of
their caue and nourifhing their yoong ones, they imitate the manners and conditions
of Beares.
Concerning the vfeof their parts I find none but onely of their quils, for with them
it is faid ifmen ferape their teeth they will neuer be loofe, likewife women were wont in
auncienttimeto vfethem for parting afunder their haire in the toppe of their crownes.
The fleth of thisbeaftis like a hedg-hogs, neither very naturall for meate and nourifh-
the flefhand ment,nor yet very medicinable: yet icisfatd to hülpe a weake and ouerburthened fto-
other parts. macke, to procure loofeneffe of the belly, andto digainith all leprofies and {cabbed ex-
ulcerations and puftles: Being falted it is goodagainlkthe dropfie, and alfo very profitable
as Platina writeth to be eaten by them, thatcannot@entainie vrinéin their beds: yetthe
Grecians attribute no fuch qualitie vnto this, but Wihelpe the ftomacke and loofenthe
belly they attribute to thefea-hogge, and againft che}gprofic fcabs;and incontinencie of
vrineto the hedg-hog , but peraduenture the faying WE Pliny (Quie de Herniaceis dicantur
omnia tanto magsi valebunt in Hiftrice) leadeth hei to arttilatite chefe things to -
the Porcu/pine. The powder of their quils bumtjdtüblebEaten in meats
or broth do promote and helpe conception CT meaty Anz- -
«en, and herewithall I conclude this figgpe dif. |——— c
courfe of the Hedg-hogge:; NY
* of
,
I
-
|
T
|
40
53
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E
"te M
—S a
39
40
; d» ) 2) Y )
1/4 Neem
(rr
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yy 2
MA
oS
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SS
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————
tags
a c SO AM— $E
*
balled by che Latines Rangifer, by the Germains
Réin, Reiner JRauseger , Reinfsthier, by the French Raingier,
and Ranglier ,antf'thc later Latins call it Reizeus.Itis a beat
Kaltogit nowne tothe aunefent Gracians and Latins,
except the Machlis that Pliny fpeaketh of be it: but wehaue
fhewd already in the ftory of the Elk,that Alces and Machlis
areallone. This beaftwas firft ofall difcouered by O/aws
Magnus inthis Northerne part of the world, towardes the
Qe poale Artique, asin Worway, Swetia, and Seandinauia, at
LI — the firft fight whereof he called it Raingifer, quaf? Ramifer
becaufe he beareth hornes on his head likethe boughes ofatree. The fimilitude of this
beaftis much like toa Hart, but itis much bigger, ftronger, and fwifter. It beareth 3.
M
‘Yi, Pe
eee 7 r
si^
m-a
2 "A
, Po FA
le” Pg
S
Orders or rowes of hornes on the head, as by the dire&tion of Valentinus Granius, and
Benedictus Martinus axcheere expreffed.
Hhh a The
91
Of the feue-
rall names.
—
ao
Di all
epi,
l i
dd
AMI
"Mn
|
M
Wi
The colour
and feuerall
their loweft
—— Pro e e ee ert e E Ef EE S ROR Ae D E T eU LEM EE E Se :
SS de E RT ER i E re arl e e ear E aree ree EIU CRI
E Re.
=
as
—
x3
rw E E EMI = > zd ar
E EN. E Sea an uitis S AE EG. E e : i
s. En Ru rae Mee ees Ln EE ier um — —
- = - = == X
€ = zx:
se
KR
P L———
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
"This beaft chaungeth his colour,according to the time of the yeare,and alfo acordin
tothe quality of the place wherein he feedeth, whichappeareth by this, becaufe fomeof
them are found to beof thecoloür of Affes, and fhorily afterto be like Hartes. Their
breaftis ful oflong briftles,being roughandriged rhrough thefame. The legges hairy,
and the hooves hollow, clouen, and moouable, which in his courfe he fpreadeth abroade
vppon the deepeft fnowes, without preffing his footfteppes farrearito them - and by his
admirable celerity he auoideth all the wilde beafts which.in the vallies lie in waight to de-
firoy him. He beareth very highand loftyshorns,which prefently from the root branch
forth intotwo ftemsor pikes, I meani¢ both the horhes ‘feuerally into two, which again at
the top difperce themfelues into pikeslike the fingers of oneshands Inthe middle ofthe 19
hornesthere isa little branch ftandeth out like a knobbe, or asa huckle inthe hinder part
of abeafts legge, from thence againe they afcend vpwatds a great heighth, and doe grow
broadatthe toppe, where they are diuided like the palme of a hand. .
The hornesare whire, diftinguifhed withlong’apparant vaines, differing both from
the hornes of Elks, and the horns of Harts,fromE|ks in heighth,and from Harts in bredth
and from them both incolour and multitude of braunches: VVhenhe runneth helayeth
them on his backe, for when he ftands ftil, the loweft braunchés comming foorth of the
roots of the hornes, do almoft couer his face with thefe lower brauncbes.
In the winter time when he is achir{t,and commeth to the frozen waters he breaketh
the yce : being wilde he liueth vpon fuch fruits as hefindeth in the woods, efpecially the 29
gym that commeth out of the Trees and alfo the moffé that groweth vpon them,making
him felfe (haddowed dens and refting places inthe mountaines : but inthe deepeft colde
weather he commeth intothe Mountaines of Narway,towards Mofberg, and other hils.
He is taken by the Countrey-people for priuate vfes, for hee is profitable after he ista-
med: both forthe plow and trauailes in iournies. The people called Lappi or Lapposes, do
vfethem inftead of horfesand Oxen, for they haueakind of Cart made in forme and fa-
fhiion ofa fifhers boat, whereunto they ioyüe thefe beafts to draw them, andthe Carter
hath a conuenient feat fitted for him onthe forepart thereof, wherein he fitteth with his
legs faft tyed tothe cart, to the intent he be not caft off when the beaft runs fpeedily :he
carrieth the raines whereby he gouerneth thenvin his left hand, and in his right handea 36
ftaffe, wherewithall he fuftaineth the
cart when itisin daunget of falling,
andinthis courfethey wil continue
indefatigabletwenty Germain miles
a day, whichis morethen threefcore
Englifh miles. At night when the
beafts are vnyoaked , of their owne
accord, without guide or leader they
wil go totheir feeding places, or ac-
cuftomed ftables.It is avery fociable
creature, for they do liue togither in
heardes abouea thoufandin a flock,
wherunto it may be the Lord aluded
inthe so. Pfalme, when hee faide by
themouth of .4/aph, All the beafts of
the fielde are mine, and the flockes of
zhou[ands which run wilde on the billes.
The females want hornes, and theyr
milke is the greateft part of foode to
ILLA M
i
=
=
=
thofe Northerne people : they haue bin feeneat Au/purge in Germany fadledand bridled, so
for in their trauailes they need not haue any prouender carried with them, forif ye turné
them out in the mid(t of the winter, they find certaine rootes and moffe vader the fnowe
whereof they eat, and content themfelues. Their beft food is grafle. They are vfed both ia
Mufcouia, Polonia, Babemta, Scandinauia, and Maffonia, yet they can endure no heate, for
being broughtinto Bohemia they dy.
Of the Reyner,or Rainger. 195.
Their cartes which they draw muftbe made with a (harpe edge atthe bottome likea
boator (hip aswe haue faid already, for they are not drawne vpon wheeles, but like draies
andfleads vpontheearth. There wasa Laponian which bronght one of thefe into Ger-
many in December, and he profeffeth he neuer felt fo much heat ofthe Sun in alhis life
as hee did at that time, which is our coldeft time in the yeare, and therefore how great is
the cold which both men and beafts endure in that country. |
EU
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: rrr DE NI
M 39 "Thehornes of thefe beaftes aretobe feeneboth in Bex s s and a Avspyroz in
GznxwAxY5thefeetarefomewhat white, being rounder thena Harts feete,and more
clouen or deuided, whereforeat fometimes one part of his hoofe may befeene vppona
- ftone, while the other part refteth vpon the earth, and inthe vper part of the hoof where
it beginneth to be clouen neare the legge, there is a certaine thicke skin or membraine,
by vertue whereofthe foote may be firetched in the diuifion without harme or paine to
the beaft. -,
| Theking of Svvs v14 had ten of them nouri(hed ac L appa, which he caufed euery
|, daytobedriuen vnto the mountaines into the coldeayre , for they were not able to en-
| 4o duretheheat. Themouth of this beaftislike the mouthofa cow, they many times come
|| out of Laponia into Swetia, where they are wonderfuly anoied with wolus, but they gather
| themfeluestogither in aring, and fo fight againft their enimies with theirhornes. They
arealfo intheir owne naturall countrey annoyed with Gulons, and generally all beaftes
that liue vppon the {poile of fleth, are enemies vnto them, and defire to deftroy and eate
them Intheir pace, both flow and fpeedie, the Articles of their legs makea noife like the
craking of Nuts. Their was one of thefe beafts giuen vnto the Duke of Saxony in the year
ofour Lord 1561 . In Scandinania they vie them for the carriadge of mettels, drawing of.
| Chariots and riding;and the nerues ofthem whenth ey are dead make bows,
| . j and for want of ailes, they do faften plankes and
|^ 50 | "s boordstogither.
LOIN SUID)
EUR NR UREN OS:
: RORIS
SESS dc Sak
t
et
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THE
ER pA 1 Mia a SOT OES
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T is. ae
Ng 94 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
OF THE RHINOCEROS.
Eare nowto difcourfeofthe fecond wonder in nature, namely of a
beafteuery way admirable, both for the outward fhape, quantity, and
greatneffe, and alfo for the inward courage; difpofition, and mildnes.
For asthe Elephant was the firft wonder,of whom we haue already dif-
courfed, fo this beaft next vnto the Elephant filleth vp the number, be-
ing cuery way asadmirable as he, ifhe dee not exceede him,exceptin 19
quantity or height of &arnresAnd being now cometo the ftory of this beaft, am hartily
{orry, that fo ftrange an outfide, as by the figure you may perceue, yealding ‘no deubt
through the omnipotent power ofthe creator, an anfwerable infide,and infinite teftimo-
nies of worthy and mentorable vertues comprized init, fhould through the ignorance
of men, lye vnfoulded and obfcuredbefore the Readers eyes : for he that fhall but fee our
ftories of the Apes, of the Dogs, ofthe Mice, & of other finall beafts,and confider how
larga treatife we haue colle&ed together outof mapy writers, forthe illuftration oftheir
natures and vulgar conditions, he cannot chufe but expe& fome rare and ftrange mat-
ters, asmuch vnknowneto his mindé about the ftorie of this Rhinoceros, asthe outward
fhape and pi@ureof him, appeareth rare and{ admirable to his cies: differing in every
part from all other beafts, from the top of hisnofeto the tip ofhis taile, the earesand eies
-exceptedswhich are like Beares, But gentle Reader as thou art a man, fothoumuft confi-
..der fince Adam went out of Paradice ther was neuer any that was able perfe&lyto defcribg
the vniuerfall conditions ofall forts of beafts, and it hath bin the counfell oftheal mighty
himfelfe, for the inftruction of man, concerning his fall and naturall weakenefle;to kee
//'.hitifrom the knowledge of many deuine things, and alfo humane, which is of bitds-and
& beafts Fifhesand fovle, that fo he might learne, the difference betwixt his generation, &
his degeneration, and confider how greata loffe vnto him-was his fall in Paradices who be-
fore that time knew both God himfelfe and al creatures,but fince that time neither know-
eth Godas he (hould know him, nor himíclfe as he fhallknow it, nor the creaturesas hee
did know then. ip
But for my part which write the Englifh ftory , [acknowledge that no man muft looke
for that at my hands, which I haue not receiued from fome other : for I would bee vnwil-
ling to writeany thing vntrue, or vncertaine out of mine owne invention ; and truth on
euery partis fo dcarevnto mee, that I will notliete bring any man inloue and admiration
with God and his works, for God needethnot the lies of men:To cenclude therfore this
Preface, as the beaft is ftrangeand neuer feencin our countrey, fo my eye-fight cannot
adde any thing othe defcription : therefore harken vnto that which Ihaue obferued out
ofother writers.
. —. Firftofallthat there is fuch abeaft in the world, both Pliny, Solinus, Diodorus , Aelia~ 40
That there's ys, Lampridius and others, doc yealderefrigable teftimony . Heligabalus hadoneof -
astheRhino them at Rome. Pompey the great, in his publike fpectacles did likewife produce a Rhino-
«10 — — cerot(as Seneca writeth )VVhen Aagu/tus rodetriumphing for Cleopatra he brought forth”
to the pcople a fea-horfe anda Rhinocerot which was the firft time that euera Rhinccerot -
was feene atRome/as Celius writeth.) Antoninus Piusthe Emperor, did giue many gifts
vnto the people, amongft which were both Tigers and Rhinocerots, (faith /u//s5 Capstali-
nus in his life. ) Martiall alfo celebrateth an excellent epigram of a Rhinocerot,whichin
the prefence of Ce/ar Domitian did caft vp a Bull intothe aire vvith his horne, as ifhehad
bina tenyce ball, the epigram isthis :
A prez face to
the fuccee~
ding ftory.
20
59
O quam terribilis exar[it pronus intram,
Quantus erat cornu, cui pila Taurus erat .
Laflly to put it out of all queftion that there is firch abeaft as this Rhinocerot, the pi&ure
& figure here expreffed, was taken by Ge/ner from the beaftaliueat Lysbon in Portugale,
before
*
Ls :
binocero ;
A Y 1 “ :
Of the'Rbinoceros.. - 395
| Pie
| Lens 5
l = = p
ve. v mmi e n 7»
ARS vens S555 SS Me
ud | S M
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| Cn, Ape Tl! a i m
UA ia
l Z Ad ^ =,
Lo s 2
" , pu
l| NO Oo
^ TL, : Ah e V
G Hy yy, © Kes NW N
- | | JURA NUS.
d (PA » jj Up NS
EZ DYE: ARS
LT
> e SZ Lp,
6 ZZ
]
|
|
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|
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WO
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E uu
4
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<a
596
The name &
reafon there
of.
as
\ fore Munffer fo tranflateth it. Deutro. 33. Tanri decor eius , coruua Rhimocerétis, órnuae-
dusinei ventilabit nationes ad [umuum v [d, terre . His beauty is likethe beauty ofa Bull, 20
f9
ht)
dij
Mo I7.
hot
Oppiaru.
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
before many witneffes, both Marchants and others; fo that we haue the Teftimony both
of antiquity and of the prefent age, for the Teftimony oftheforme and fafhion ofthis
beaft, and that it is notthe inuention of man, but a worke of God in nature, firft created
in the beginning ofthe World, and euerfiace continued to this prefent day.
Concerning the name of this beaft, the Grecians becaufe ofthe horne in his Nofe
eall him Rhinoceros, that is a Nofe-horned-beaft, and the Latins alfo haue not altered that
inuention, for alchough there be many beaftes that haue but one horne, yet isthere none
that haue that one horne growing out at their Nofe but this alone: All therefiduehaue
thehorne growing out at their foreheads. There be fome that haue taken this Khinoce-
vos, for the Monoceros the Vnicerne, becaufe of this one horne, but they are deceiued, ta-
king the generall for the fpeciall which isa note of ignorance in them, and occafion of
errour vnto others; yet itis better to takethe Rhinoceros for the Monoceros, becaufe there
is nothing in the fpeciall which is not contained in the generall, according to the maxime
of Lo gicke : Nihil eff qui fpecie, quod mom. prius fuit im genere: Andyetthatisalfo abfurd,
confidering that Monoceres is not onely a word of generality for all one-horned:beaftes,
butofparticularitya name for the Fzicrze, whereby is ment the zndian-Affe; as we fhall
fhew in theftory ofthe Vücorne. i;
This beaftinthe Hebrewis thoughtto be called Reem, or and Karas, andthere-
and his hornes like the hornes of a &/zgecerot , with the which he fhall winnow the nations
/to the topsof the hils.. -
to
And Tertullian writing againft the-heretique Praxeas, doth fotranflateit . Ifaman )
| comparezogether the Greeke word Rhinoceros and Reem, and Karas, or Rimmaand Karas,
“hee will eafily thinke thatseither the Gracians haue ioyned together tbe.two: Hebrew”
“wordes, as Rhinoceros quaft Reem Karas, Ox Rimna Karas, ox elfe the Hebrewes hauepar-"
/ ted afunder the Greeke word, for Reem and Risa may very well come of Rhino,and Ka-
eas of Keros, yet heerein [leave the Readers to their owne indgment: The Zzdians cal this
"beaffinthett tongue, Scandabenamet, as Feftws writeth, but wee will leaue the name and
The quanti, ‘come to the defcription of it. 3
tyandíeue- |
tall pim. |
a
Inquafitity itis not-much bigger then anOrix : Pliny maketh it equall in lengthtoan
Elephant;and fome make it longer thenan Elephant, but withall they fay it is lower, and
hath fhorter Legges. Strabo inhis 16. booke fpeaking ofthe Ethiopian Region, neare
India, callech thefe Rhinecerots Aethiopiam Buls, and faith that they are bred onely in that
Country,and by the relation of Artemidorus he writeth chus : Owtei de micron apaleypontos
ton elephantoon oi vinokerotes oper Artemidoros pheff , epi [eirau, to mekei, kai per eerakenai
phefas an Alexandria alla fehedon ti o[oon to upfet apogetou aph'emoon orathentos, rc. That
is to fay, The Rhinocerotes are exceeded by the Elephantes in length, but in hight they al-
moft equal] them, (as Artemtdorus {aid ) he faw by one that was at Alexandria, andthe co-
30
Jour thereofwas not like:a Box-tree, but rather like an Elephantes, his quantity: greater 4°
then Buls, oras the greateftBvll, but his outward forme and proportion like-a wilde
Boares, efpeciallye in his mouth ,except that out of his Nofe groweth a horne, har-
der then any bones,which he vfech in ftead ofarmes, cuen asaBoare doth. his teeth; hee
hath alfo two girdles vpon his body like the wings ofa Dragon, comming from his backe
downe to his belly, onetoward his necke or mane, andthe other toward his loines and
‘hinder parts ; Thus far strabo. |
Whereunto we may adde the defcription of other parts out of Oppianus, Pliny,and So-
linus. His colour like rinde or barke of a boxe-tree, (which doth not differ much from
an Elephant) and on his forehead there grow haires which feemea little red, and his back
is diftinguifhed with certaine purple {pots vpona yellow ground . "The skinneis fo firme
and hard, that no Dart is ableto pierce it, and vppon it appeare many deuifions, like the
fhelles of a Tortaife fet ouer with skales, hauing no haire vppon the backe. Inlikeman-
ner, the Legs are {caled downe tothe hooues which are parted into foure diftin& clawes,
vponhis nofe theirgrowetha hard and fharp horne, crooking a little towards the crowne
of his head, but not fo high: flat and not rotind, fo fharp and ftrong, 7 quiequid impetie-
ref,
$9
Of the Rhinocerot. $97
ret, aus verdilet aut perforet C ferrum etiam Cr faxa tranfigat : faith Oppianus & Acliannsa
that is, whatfocuer it isfetto, eitherit cafieth it vp into the aire, or elfe boreth ic through
thoughit be Ironer ftones.
Eucherius Gich that the Rhinorerot hath two hornes in his nofe,but that is vtterly falfe,.
as you may fee by the pi&ure : Although Martial feeme to expteífc fo much inthefe vers
e835 : | - d
1 4 Namá, grauem cornu gemino [rc extulit vr [um A RA
Y Iatfat vt impofitas Tauras in aftra pilas. im Be i
The Rhinocerot caft vp a Beare into theaire,euen as a Bull would do a ball which werelayd::
vpon his two boracs «we fnall not neede to apply Gemina cornu to the Bull,as -Politianus !
doth, but rather takeit figu ratiuely for aftrong borne, and ifitmuft needs be litterall, it :
isapparant by the pi&ure that there isanother lttlé horne, not vpon the nofe, but vppon!
the wither of the beaft, I meane the top of his (noulder next to his necke, focharthe etror }
of Excherinslyeth not inthe number, but inthe place, andthatit may appeare that this.
horne is nota ained thing, Pau/anits abouc two thoufand yeare ago writeth thuss Rbine-
cevoti in fummo nafotornu fingulare eft C aliud [upra ip[um men magnum in capite nullum. AN
I do máruaile howit cameto paffe chat men which can mocke and deride others cunning-.
ly fhoulá be called prouerbially Ni[uti bomines, except the prouerbe weretaken fromthe _
Rhinoceros, who by reafon of his crooked borne is faid to hauea crooked nofe; for indeede.
20 a deformed nofeis more fubie& to derifion then any other part or member of thebody,
which caufed Martial] to write thus :. AT cd ES SET tuU
Maiores nunquam rbonchi invene/ 4, [ene[ d,
Et puert na[um Rhinocer etis habent,
Andthereupon Horace alfo faith thus « |
Nafo [ufpendis adunco. EA
Oppianus faith,that there was neuer yet any deftin&ion of fexes in thefe Rhinocerotes : for,
all that euer were found were males and not females, but from hencelet nobody gather:
that there are no females, forit were impoffible that the breede fhould continue without;
females, and therfore P/ius and Soliens {ay sthatthey engender oradmit copulation like:
Elephants, Camels, and Lyons. ! |
Whenthey are to fight they whettheit borne vpona fone, and there is not only a dif-
cord betwixt thefe beaftsand Elephants for their food, butanaturall defcription anden-.
mity : forit is confidently affirmed, that when the Rhinocerot which was at Li fborne,was-
brought intothe prefence ofan Elephant, the Elephant ranaway from him, How and
in what place he ouercommeth the Elephant we haue fhewed already in his flory, name-
, ly. how he fafineth his hornein the foft part of theElephantesbelly. Heeis taken by the
fame meanes that the /nicorne is taken, for itisfaid by Albertus, Ifidorus, and Alunsus,
that aboue all other creatures they lone Virgins, and that voto them they will come be
they neuer fo wilde, and falla fleepe before them, fo being aflcepe they arecafily taken
and carried away.
49 Allthe later Phyfitians do attribute the vertue ofthe Vuicorns horne tothe Rhinocerots
horn, but they are deceiued by imitation of Ifiderus and Albertus : for thereis none of the
auncient Grzcians that haue euer obferued any medicines in the Rhinocerot. The Indians
make bottels of their skins, wherein they put their Lycion,or fuccum medicatum and there-
fore I will conclude this ftory jwith the riddle of Frauncicus niger made vpon the excellen;
cy ofthe hornethat groweth vpon thenofe, — -"
Dic mihi que fuperis [ent accepti[Jima dena,
NW hereuntothe anfwer is made in the next verfe:
i Principium nafi Rhinocer otis amaut,
1o
t
iso
go
we é a
E a Sm
—_-
p
xu.
TRCR i sj The Hiflrie of Fsre-forted'Beofis.
I iode. QAR EEE: SEED
He Habrewes haue diuers.nanies , whereby they fignifiea
|| (heep,& althat kind,as Ze, and Zoneth,for whichthe Sep-
tuagints do alwaies render Probata, (heep or little cattle.
The Arabians Genas.. ‘The Chaldeans 474. The Perfians
Gofpand, alfo Rachel. in Hebrew: the plurall whereof
li UA | wy Is Rechelim which fignificth fheepe : Kebefeb, and Kabfa to — |
BI VAS or Xibfa, Efay s 3. Tabel,Neelamah,that isa dombefheep, d
B eng. [eee 9 wherethe Hebrewes haue Rachel, there the Chaldes trán-
du SAN Sg 2) flate Rachlak. The Arabians Akalak, The Perfians Chome/-
A d | IDE chan thu, Kebes and KibJa fignifie a Sheepe, male and fe- |
Ts ER LOMA Fa . ..malevndera year old, and 47/,;and Eel for afheep. aboue. |
[ Dura a year old male & female. Tn Leuit.22.the Chalde tranflateth for Keby/, Imar. The Arabians
By ey Egel: The Perfians Barayand Ke/eb in Habrewis thefame that Kebefch. seh.alfo fignifieth
Arm ml a theep,although it be fometime taken fora Lamb or Kid. Likewife Thalehand Theleh Efa.
RUE 40. fignifieth a Lambe that fucketh.. And Epiphanius writeth, that by the fame word the
B Hebrew Aftronomers fignifiedthefigne Aries inthe Zediacke.. "Thé Sarazensat this day
| i calla fheep Gateme,and cattle Garien, and the dung of cattle ra Garien. The Grecians 20 |}
DE calla fheepe Os, and Probaton, the Latins Ouis, and by excellency Pecus, the Italians Pe-
M cora, che French Brebis,the Spaniards Oweia, the Germans Schaff, the Illirians Oweze, or
Skop. Thefe and {uch like I might adde more concerning the names of this beaft, and the
ul aboundance of the names thereof in the Hebrew tongue, isanotable teftimony ofthe
HE fingular account which God himfelfe made of this beaft. The Latins haue fo honored it
i |, thatafter itthey haue named many of their children, & {tories make mention of moft no- |
brand ble and gallant men, fo called. Such was Owinius Camillus, Seuerus Ouimim s, Fabius Max- |
TAG imus Onictlus, Oilycus, Oileus Aiax, Oie,the wife of Charhippus,and many fuch other, if |
AU CHLOE it were neceflary to this ftory to relate them, but 1 willnot trouble the Reader with any |
| |
At pte) | ia The feueral P
t | MI
I^ ^ i i i | names, ES
| Ada fuch vnneceffary circumftances.I wil therfore firftofal begin with a relation ofthe (heep 39
Euh The deferip- of other countries,& fo in the end makea moreparticular difcouery of our ownat home,
bo E ono me’ Fortheidifferenceofregions do very much enlighten the difcription or hiftory of fheep. |
Bou. i according to ltisrepoited that about Evyrhrea, one ofthe Iflands ofthe Gades,there is fuch aboundanca |
E | i thew country of good pafture and hearbs fo grateful to fheep, thatif they benot let blood once in thir--
: | Strabo. ty daies, they perifh by fuffocation, and that the milke of thofe fheep yeeldeth no whay,
aes py wherewithall chey make aboundance of cheefe, although they poure water intoit- The
ID a herbage of that Iflandis dry,& yet profitable to catle and milch beafts,and from thence |
Pad d RU came the originall of the fat cattle of Geryon. The fheepe of Grecia are lefferthenthe |
B. | Dc |. fheep ofEgypt, and the Owes Pirrhice, were like Boues Pirrhiea, námely, of exceedin
150b ftature,which name was deryued from Pyrrhws their maifter and owner. Among the 2//- 49:
liawsin India, their Ramsare no greater then our Lambs, and Aechylides in his books of
husbandry affirmeth,that the (heepe of the Ille Chius, are very {mall,and yet their Milke
maketh very lawdablecheefe. In Spain their beft (heep haue black fleeces: at Polentia near
the Alpes they are gray or hony-wolled in Afia and Betica, called Erythrea they are red
like Foxes, and from thencecame the tearme of Erythree Ones. At Canufium the fheepe
are yellow, or Liontauny,and fo alfo at Tarentum. . Iffriaand Liburnia, yeald fheepa ha-
uingwooll which is fo courfe and rough, that it may rather feeme to be haire then wooll,
and therefore neuer fit for fine garmentes, nor for any other vfe, except by the fingular
artof {pinning in Portugal. And the like to this is the wooll ofthefheep of Piféene, and in.
Egypt, of which latter it is (aid,thatif it be dyed againe after itis thred- bare, it will endure 5°
almoftfor euer. For theancientes (as Homer writeth) hadthe vfe heereof (althoushthe
thread were rough) intheir workes of Tapiftry,and this was dreffed diuers waies, for the
French inEurope dreffe it one way and the parrhians in A (ia another way.
SS
ee UE EE
TREE
A TAS eS IT
SS... See
ae ——
=
a
SS Se
My, 4j j The fheep of Apulia gauethe name to Lana rralica; for excellent wooll, and yet was it |
LUN fhortand courfe, good for nothing but for clokes to ridein, and wearein rainy weather : |
OU ; | 7 ynto |
] iU
a 3 J
mel
{0
|
|
Io
3°
40
Of the Sheepe.
vntothefeI may addethe Calabrian, Milefiam, and Arentinean {heepe, yet in the dayesof
Varre they coueredtheir fheepewith other skins to keepe the VVooll both fromloffe, and
other infe&ion, fo that it might be the better waflied, dyed and prepared, for thefe were
nourifhed moftof all in houfes:., |
The French Sheep about 4/5/245,and alfo thofe that arefi cabbed or folded in the plain
and barren fieldsof Parma & Mutina. The (heep of Helvetia feed im the tops of the Moun-
taines ,whilesthe Goates keepe beneath among the trees and gather fruits on the fides of
thehils. The Flemmith (heep haue afoftaud curled haire.
Therebein generall two kinds of Sheep, one called Teu, the other Colomicum, as if
you would fay houfe-theep,andfield-theep, for the Graecian {heep which before we haue
called Tarentine,andwerealfo called Terintine, becaufe of their foft wool liued in houfess
andthey were alfo called Pe//rte, but the ficld-(heepe hauing by nature a greater, couríer;
and rougher haire, are fuffered to lodgeabroad inthe fieldes.
Likewife the (hecpeof Myletumand Attica, audihe region Gadilonea, reaching to Ar-
menia,haue very {oft and gentle wooll, whichthing fildome commeth to paffe in Pontus
or Capadocia. In Scotlandal{o ina place thereof, calledby Hector Boethius Buthuguhania
are great flore of fheepe, bearing good wooll, from whence almoft all that country fetch
theitbreed, The Shespe of Erhiopia beare no woollat all, butin flead thereof their haire
isrough like Camelshaire. Amongeftthe Abidene, andthe Beudiani , both Aelianusand
Nicomachus the Sonne of Aviforle doreftifie,thatall their fheepe are blacke , and that
thesewas nener white fheepe bred in thofe Countries. In Gortynis their Sheepe arered
and hauefoure hornes: In the fortunate Itlands of the red-fea alltheir Sheepeare white,
and none of them haue crooked hornes . In Beotia there are. foure Riuers which worke
ftrange effects vpon Sheepe after they drinke ofthem 5 namely, Melas, Cephifus, Penius,
and Xanthus. The Sheep drinking of Me/as and Peniusgrow black,of cephi/us white,and yet
Pliny faith, thatthis Riuer commeth forth from thefame fountaine that Me/as doth. They
which drinke of Xaszbus grow red : I might adde hereunto another fpeciall obferuation
of differencebetwixt the Sheepe of Pontusand Waxus, for in Pontus they haue no gaule,
andin Naxwstheyhauetwogaules. — "ty | ‘
In fome parts of India their Sheepe and Goates are as bigas Affes,and bring forth 4.
Lambes atatime, but neuer leffethen three both Sheepe and Goates. The length of
their tailesreacheth downe to their hinder Legs, and therefore the fhepheardes cut them
off by the fecrets to the intent thatthey may better fuffer copulation, and out ofthem
being fo cut off, they exprefle certaine oile;alfo they cutafunder the tailes oftheRams,
the ends whereof do afterwards clofefo nearely and naturally together,that there appea-
rethnotany fear ornotcofthefe&ion. In Syria and India, the tailes of their Sheepe are
acubit broad. |
There are two kinde offheepe in Arabia, which are diftinguifhed by thelengthand
breadth of their tailes :the oneforchaue tailes three cubitslong, by reafon whereof they
are notfüffered to drawthem onthe ground for feare of wounding; and therefore the
fhephards deuife certaine engins of woodto fupportthem: theother kind of fheep haue
tailes like the Syrian (heepe. Al (heepe that liue inhotand dry regions haue larger tailes,
and harfher wooll, but thofe that liue inthe moyft regions and fault places, haucfofter
woolland fhorter tailes. There were two of the Arabian Sheepe broughtinto England a-
boutthe yeare1s60. whofe pictures were taken by Docfer Cay,and therefore I hauc ex-
preffed them inthe page following with their defcription.
The
oe eae
LATE sun Dieu d
eS SN
Se ee eee
c£
NONU EC
DD
e m c Tx
OTT
€
NUES
x
p am NP
SQ:
E
—— ES
630
tion ofthe
Arabían
fhecpe.
The Hiftory of Eourezfooted Beafts.
The Arabian fecpe with abroadtmile.%: : »)
FZ Wi 4 id
É - Y Pres
£55 "2 (4 M40 y Sp) ye
(ZA GN nj TRUE ))
dn EG AS ^d 4) ): T /| ) ) y) » A
A Alt Bae (li y 770 AN \ WU
SURE RAE yh E A eL |
LA Wea
The Arabian foeepe with along taile.
« qm Keener quie
de 9 X 7/9
CT (CO a i JJ |
(lip
hi JVMAN
29) TS }
PN yee ate
| DRE ares A ey ORE ak
a
His Arabian (heep (faid he) is alittle bigger then our vulgar (heepe in En-
| land, but of the fame wooll, figure of body, and colour, onely the fhins,
& forepartoftheir face, area litle red: the broad tail in the top was one cu-
2 bit, but loweritwas narrower, andlike theend of avulgarfheepes tayle.
ANON 2051 They being broughton fhip-board into England, weretaught thorough
famineand hunger,to ear not onely graffeand hay; but flefh,fith, bread, cheefe,and but.
ter. Heroditus faith, that fach kind of (heepe are no where found but in 4rabia; thelonge-
sey
mel
ro
tailed fheepe he calleth Macrokercos, and the broad tailed fheepe Plareukercos : yet.Leo A- 40
fer faith, that thefeare ofthe Affrican fheepe, for thus he writeth:
His arietibus nullis ab alijs difcrimien eft praterquam in cauda qua latiffima circit ferunt qua
cuig, quo opimtor eft ,craftor obtigit, adeo vt nonnutlis libras decemyaut vigimtipendat,cu [ua
fponteimpinguautur. There is no difference betwixt thefe Rams and other except intheir
broad tail which euermoreas it growes in fatnes groweth in bredth.for if they fatoftheir
owne accord, it hath bin found thatthe taile of one ofthefe fheepe haue weighed ten or
twenty pound, and not onely there, bucalfo in Egypt, where they cram and feede theyr
(heepewith Barly, Corne, and Bran: by which meanes they grewefo fatte, that they are
notable to ftirrethemfelues, fo that their keepersare forcedto deuifelittle engines like
childrens carts, whereupon they lay their tailes when they remoue their beafts : and the 5e
fame Leo Afer affirmeth, that he faw inEgypt in a towne called 4//2£4, ftanding vpon Ii
Ius, a hundredand fifty mile from Alcair,a taile ofone ofthefe fheepe that weyghed four-
{core pound,and whilft he wondred at it, {carcely beleeuing that which his eies faw.there
werefome prefent; thataffirmed it to bean ordinary thing, for they faid according as he
writeths
( ^ , S£
‘A
io
|. 20
Ze
áo
$^
Of the Sheepe.
S¢ vidilfe qua femi ducentes libras expendiffent : Y hat is, they had feene fome ofthe waigh
a hundred pounds, and except iu the kangdome of Tunis in Africk, and Egypt, there
are none füch to be found in all the world, and by it, icappeareth, that all the tace of their
bodies goeth into theirtailes. Among the Garamants their fheepe eate fleth and mike,
anditis notto beforgotten which Atriffotle, Dionifius , Afer and Varro doe write, namely
thatall (heepewereonce wild, and thatthe tame (heepe which now we haue;are deriued
from thofe wild (heepe,as ourtame goats, from wild goatssand therefore Zarro faith that
in his daiesin Phrigia there were flockes of wild (heepe, whereof as out of Africk & the
Region of the Gadits, there were annually broughtto Rome both males and females, of
ftrange andadmirable colours, and that his great Vncle bought diuers of them and made
them tame: But it appeareth that thefe wilde fheepe or Rams were Mutmons sof which we
shall difcourfeafterwards : For wild (heepearegreater then the tame fheep, being fwifter
torun, fironger to fight, hauing more crokedand piked hornes, & therefore many times
fight wich wilde Boares and kill them. |
601
Flockes of
wilde fheepe
The Swhus doth alfo appeareto bea kind of wild fheepe, for after that Oppianus had Oppian,
difcourfed of the (neep of Creete, he falleth to make mention of the subs, which he faith
is ofa very bright yellow colour like the (heepe of Creete,but the woollthereof is not fo
rough, it hath two large hornes vpon the forehead, liuing both on the water and on the
Jand,eating fith, which in admiration of it inthe water gather about it &are deuoured, as
we (hall (hewafterwardsinhis due place. The Coles alfofpoken of before & called Snake,
(cemethto be of this kind, for itisin quantity betwixt a fheep and a Hart.It hath no wooll,
and when it is hunted, thehunters víe neither dogs nor other beafts to take it, butrerrifie
it with ringing oflitde bels,at the found whercof it runneth toand fro diftra&ted,and fo is
taken: And thus much I thought good to expreffe before the generall nature of fheepe,of
the diuersand ftrangekinds in othernations, that fo the ftudious Reader may admire the
wondetfullworkes of God,as in all beatts fo in this, to whom in holy Scripture he bath
compared both his Sonne & his Saints:and foras much as their ftory to be mingled with
the others would haue been exorbitantand farre different from the common nature of
vulgar fheepe,and foto haue beene mixed amongeft them, might haue confounded the
Reader : It was much better in my opinion to expreffe them altogether, & fo to proceede
to the particular nature of vulgar {heepe.
And firft of all the defcription of their outward parts: the fheepe ought to be of
a largebody, that fo their wooll may bethe more, which ought to be foft ;deepe, and
rough, efpecially about the necke, (houlders’yand belly, and thofe that were not fo the
auntient Gratians called Apokoi, the Latins Apice, that is, peild fheepe, for want of
wooll, whichalwaies they did reie& as vnprofitable for their flockes : forthere is no
better figneas Pliny faith, ofan acceptable breede of (heepe, Quam crurium brenitas, &
ventris vestitus. The (hortneffe ofthe legs,anda belly well cloathed with wooll.
The female isto beadmitted to the male after two yeares old. Till they are fiue yeare old
they are acounted young, and after feuen vnproficablefor breed.In your choife ofíneep
euermoretakethofe which arerough with wooll euen to their cies, without any baulde
place vpon them, and thofe females whichbeare notattwo yeareolde vtterly refufe, a-
uoid likewife party colored orfpotted fheep, but choofethem that haue great cies,large
tails, & (trong legs: lec them be yongalfo,& of breed ,Nam melior efl ea atas qua fequitur
fpes qua ea qua fequitur mors yd probata eff progenies fi agnos [olent procreare formofos faith
Petrus crecen: \thatis,that age is better which hope followeth,thenthat which death fol-
loweth: and it is agood breed of fheepewhich bringeth forth beautiful Lambs.And con-
cerning their wooll, icisto be obferued, that the foft woolis not alwaies the beft, except
it be thicke withal, for Hares haue foft but thin wool, andin fheepe ic ouglit to becontra-
ry,andtherefore the moftfearefull hauethe fofteft hare, che (heepe of Scythia in the cold
countries haue foft wooll but in Sawromatia they haue hard wool. Florentinus prefcribeth
that the fine wool ofa (heepeisnot curled butftandeth vpright, for hee faith,thac curled
woollis eafily corrupted or falfified.
The head of the {neepe is very weake; and his braine not fat 5 the hornes of the female
MES 4! lii arc
The feuerall
partsot sheep
re e.
esr aiio ST Ser
602 The Hiflory of Bue fog Beafts.
Tc Wl
nu AP
i pie a areweake ifthey haue any at al, for in many places they haue none, like Hinds, and ia'En-"
i TUE glandthereare both malesand femalesthat wanthornes : Andagaine the Rams of En-
]
gland haue greater hornes then any other Ramsinthe worlde, and fometimesthey haue
foure or fix hornes on their head, as hath bin often feene.. In Affricke their male-fheepe
or Rams are yeaned withhornes, andalfo their females : and in Pests neither males nor
females haue euer any hornes. ; --
Their eies ought to be great, and ofa waterifh colour, and all beafts that want handes
haue their eies ftanding farre diftant on their heads, efpecially (heepe, becaufethey had
neede tolooke on both fides, and becaufe they are ofa fimple and harmeleffe difpofition,
as we fhall (hew afterwards: for the little eie, fuch asisin Lyons and Panthers, betoken
craft and cruelty but the great eie fimplicity and innocency.Theirteeth ftand in one con-
tinued rowor bone, as in ahorfe,butin the vper chap there are no foreteeth : the male ha-
uing moretecth thenthe female, |
There be fomethat write, that /irgill calleth fheepe Bédentes, becaufe they haue but
two teeth, but they doe it ignorantly, for we may read in Seruius, Nigidius and Novius,
that Boares are called Bidentes,and al beafts oftwo years old, for they were firft of all cal-
led Bidennes qua(i Biennes, by interpofition of the letter D. according to other words, as
we donot fay reire but redtre,not reamare,butredamare, nor reargure, butredargure, and
fo Bidenms, for Biennis, becaufefacrifices were woont to bee made of (heepe when they
were two yeares old. Ifcucrit happen thata fheepe hath but two teeth, itis helde for a *°
| monfter, and therefore a (heep is called 4mbidens and Bidens ,becanfe he hath teeth both
i; aboue and beneath. The belly of a fheepe is like the bellie ofa beaft that chew thecud. The
| milke proceedeth from theventricle or maw. The ftones hang downeto the hinder legs. |
i The females haue their vdders betwixt their thighes, like to Goats and Cowes:fomeof —— |
.
|
aa
= cR edis
il them haue galles, according to theordinary cuftome of nature, and fome of them haue
Mb. none atal, for in Pezzus where by reafon they eat worme-wood they haue no gal-Likewife
in Calfis : fome we haue fhewd hauetwo gals,and the Scithian fheep haue gals at one time
| and not at another, asC4elianus writeth)tor he faith in the verie cold Countries,when {now |
Hi Pu : ! and winter covereth the earth,there (heepehaue no gals,becaufethey keepewithindores — — |
bi eee and vfe no change of meat,butin the fummer when they goabroad againeto feed inthe 39
E br. fields,they are replenifhed with gals. ' |
In oM a There isaRegionin Afia called Seep/s, wherein they fay their fheepehauelittleor no
"melts;Theraines ofa (aeepe are equal; and there is no beaftthat hath them couered with
fat like vnto it, Sheepeare alfo apt to grow exceeding fat, forin the yeare 1 547. there was
a fat {heepe giuento the king of France in Pickardy, whereof the inward hooues or cloues |
ofhis forefeet were growneto be aslong as 8. fingers are broad,the toppes whereof were |
recurued backwardlikethe hornes ofa wilde goat. Concerning theirtailes we haue fpo- |
s ! ken already, forthe vulgar fheep haue hairy tailes like Foxes and wolues.And thus much
We rds d fhall fufficeto hauefpoken of their feuerall parts.
ihe at ne Inthe next place weare to confider the food and diet of (beepe, and then their inclina 49
M d Thefood of tion,and the vtility thatarifeth bythem, and lafily the feueral difeafes with their medicins |
Wm YA and , and cures. It isthereforeto beremembred,thattheauncientsappointed Sheapheardes . |
Jl ihephsicten to attend their flockes, and there was none of great. account but they were called{heap- |
heardes, or Neat-heardes, or Goat-heardes, that is Bwcol;/7, Opilienes, and Aepoli, as we.
haue fhewdalready inthe ftory of Goats: and the Gentiles do report,that the knowledge :
"of feeding of Oxen andíheepe came firft of all from the Nimphes, who taught ArifLexs
intheT(land of co. The Grzcians therefore calla (hepheard Poimens, thatis a feeder, of
; poimanasimeto feed; and the poetsalfo vfe Poimantor tor a fhepherd, and the fhepheards
i ' M Dogs that keepethe flocke from the wolfe, Pominitay kunes, forthe fheep being net kept
ee TU. Gs well, be ouercome by the Wolues, according to the faying of Virgill : $0
BE | ec qNamlupus tnfidias explorat auilliaecireum. ti
* NR tpa i And Ouid likewife faith:
n heh eam 1 Incuftodutum captat ouile Lupus. |
ROT n d The whole care therefore ofthe thepheard muftbe, firft for their foode, fecondly for
E ie their folde, andthirdly for their health, thatfohe may raife a profitable gaine, os gti
ton
Of Sheepe.
himfelfe or to him that oweth the fheep.To begin with the food. Their diet doth not nitich
differ from Goats, and yet they haue fome things peculiar which muft now be expreffed.
Itis good therefore, that their paftures and feeding places looke toward the fin fetting,
and that they benot driuen ouer far or put to too much labout : for this caufe the good
fheapheard, may fafely feed his fheep late in the euening, but not fufferthem to go earl
abroad in the morning. They eatall maner of hearbs and plants, and fometimes kill them
with their bitings, fo as they neuer grow more. The beftisto giue them alwaies greene
meate, and to feederhem vpon land falowed or plowed to be fownewith corne : andal-
though by feeding them in fat paftures they come to hauea fofter wooll er haire, accor-
yo ding to the nature of their food ;yetbecaufethey are of amoyft temperament, it is better
2
30
to feedethem vpon the falt and fhort pafture: for by fuch a dyet, they both better liue in
health, and alfo beare more pretious wooll.
In dry pafturesthey are more healthy then in the fenny, and this is the caufe why itis
mofewholefomefor them to keepe ia plowed groundes, wherein taey meete with many
‘{weetandpleafant hearbs, or elfe invpland medowes, becaufe all moyfture breedeth in
them rottenneffe: he muft avoid the woods and fhadowy places eucn as he doth the fens,
for if the fun comenot vpon the fheepes food, it isas hurtful vato himas if he picked it
out of the waters : andthe fhepheard muftnotthinke that there is any meate fo gratefull
vnto his cattle, but that vfe and continuance wil make them to loath it,wherefore he muft
c Prouidethis remedy, namely to giue them falt oftentimes inthe fummer when they re-
turne from feeding, and if he do but lay it in certaine troughs inthe folds,oftheit own ac-
cordthey willickethereof,and it will eacreafein them great appetite .
Inthe wintertime when they are kept within doores, they muftbe fed withthe fofteft
hay fuchas is cut down inthe autumne,for that which is riper is leffe nourifhable to them:
Infome countriesthey lay vp forthemleaues;efpecially green Ewe leaus,or Elme,three-
leaued:grafle, fowed-vines,and chaffe or peafe, when other things faile: where there are
ftore of vines they gathertheir leaves for (heep to eat thereof without al danger and very
greedily arid I may fay as much of the Oliue, both wild and planted, & diuers fuch other
plants, all which haue more vertue in them to fatand raife your beafts ifthey be afperfed.
with any falthumor:and for this’ caufethe fea wormwood excelleth all other hearbs or
food to make fat fheep . And Myndiws writeth,that in Pontus the (heep grow exceeding fat
by the moft bitter and vulgar wotmwood.Beanes encreafetheir milke, and alfo PER A
ued-graffe,for chat is moftnourifhable to the Eweswith young.Arid it is obferued for the
fault which in latinis called Luxwrza (egetum,and in Englifh rankenelfe of corne, there is
nobetter remedy then to turnein your (heep in May whenthe ground is hard, if not be-
fore, for the fheep loueth wel to crop {uch fülks, and alfo the corne will thriue neuer the
worfe, for in fome places they eat it down twice;and in the country about Babilonthrice,
by reafon of the great fertility thereabouts;and if they fhould not do fo, it would turn or
run al into ftalke and idle vnprofitable leaues. The fame extafie is reported to follow fheep
4¢ when they haue eaten Eryagia that we haue expreffed already inthe hiftory ofgoats,name
ly, that they all ftand ftill, and have no, power to goe out of their paftures, til their kee-
per come and take it out oftheir mouths. It is reported that they are much delighted with
the herb called Zaferpitium which firft purgeth them, and then doth farthem exceeding-
ly:Itis therefore reported that in S. Cyrene there hath bin none of this found for many
ycares, becaufethe publicans that hier the paftures;are enimies to fheepe. Forat thefirft
cating thereof the fheepwilfleep, andthe goat wil fala neezing.In India, and eff pecially in
the region of the Prafians, it raineth many times a dew like liquid hony falling vpponthe
hearbs and graffe of the earth: wherefore the (hepheards lead their flocks vato thofe pla-
ces,wherwithal their cattle are much delighted and {uchas is the food they eat, fuch alfo
so isthe tat of the milke they teridersneither neede they to mingle.honny with their milkas
--zhe Grecians are conftrained to do, forthe fweeteneffe of that liquor faueth them of that
charge-Sucha kind of dew the Habrewescall Mazza, the Grecians Acromelos,and Dro-
‘amelos: The Germaines Himmelhung : andin Engli(h Honny-dew ; but if this bee eaten
vponthe herbs inthe month of May jt is very hurtful vnto them. We haue (hewed alrea-
Aythatinfome parts of Affrickeand Erhiopia their fheepe cate flefh and drinke milke,and
IE Soc rem T Iii 2 it
n
E
ow ae.
603
©
Play,
"a
E i
604.
e/Areautus
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
itis apparent by Philoftratus, that when Apollonius trauailed towardes India, inthe region
Pegades, inhabited by the Ovite, they fed their fheepe with fifkies, and fo alfo they doea-
mong the Carmanian Indians, which do inhabit the Sea-coaftes : and this is as erdinary
with them, as in Car/ato feed their (heep with figs, becaufe chey wantgraffe in that coun-
try:and therefore the flefh of the (heep dotaft of fifh when itis caten, cuenas the flefh of
{ea-foules. The people of that country are called Jchthyophagi that is fifh-eaters :Likewife
the (heepeof Lydiaand Ma/idonia, their (heepe grow fat with eating of fifhes. demins alfo
writeth of certain fifhes about the bigneffe of Frogs whichare given vnto fheep to be ca-
ten. In Arabia inthe prouince of Adeatheir Oxen, Camels, and fheep, eate fi(hes after
' they be dryed, for they care not forthem when they be gréen :thelike I might fay ofma- 1o
The difcripti
. enofafheap
heardes care
gut of Virgil,
=
ny other places, generally it muft bethe care of the fhepard to auoidall thorny and ftony
places for the feeding of his {heep, according to the precept of Virgil
Sttibilamitium curasprimum afpera [ylua
Lapp«d, tribulid, abfint. ,
Becaufe the fame thing as he writeth maketh them bald, and oftentimes fcratcheth their
skin afunder, his wordsarethefe ; 1
Scabras ones veddit cum tonis illotus ,
Ad he[it [uder , Cr bir [uti fecuerunt corpora,
Vepres.
Althougha fheep be heuer fo found, andnot much fübie& to the peftilence,yet muftthe 26
fhepard regard to feede itin choice places : for the fat fields breed ftraight and tall fheep,
the hils and fhortpafturesbroad and fquare fheepe :the woods and Mountaine places;
{mall and lender fheep : butthe beftplacesofallare the new plowed grounds. Although
Virgil pxefcribeth his (hephard to feed his flock in the mornin g,according to the maner
ofthe country wherein he liued, for the middle part of the day was ouer hot,and not fit
for cattel to eatin: yet other nations;(efpecially Germany and England) and thefe Nor-
thern parts of the world may not dofo. The whole cunning of fhephards is excellently de.
fcribed, for the ordering of their fheepe in thefe verfes following ; .
Ergo omni fiudtoglaciem,ventof 4, ninales,
Quo minus eft illiscure mortalis egeftas,
| Auertes :victumá, feres, c virgealatus
Pabula: nec tota laudes familia bruma.
At vero Zephyris eum lata vocantibus effas,
In faltus vtrumá, eregem (outs G capras) at, in— pafcua Mittes.
Carpamus : dum mane novum, dum graminacanent: 00 00-
Luciferi primo cam [yderefrigidavnra
Inde vbi quarta; fitim cali collegerit hora :
Et vas in tenera pecori gratifimusherba eff.
Adputeos aut alta greges ad ftagnaiubeto
Et cantu quernlevumpent arbufta cicada:
"Aeflibus at npedys umbrofam exquirere vallem
Currentemilignis potare canalibus umdam.
Ingentes tendat vamos : aut figubi migrum
Sieubi magna Iouis antiquovobere quercus —
quan tenues darevur[us aquas : Crpafcere vur fus
Alieibas crebris facra nemus accubet vmbra. |
Temperat : ei faltus veficit iawrofeida luna:
| Solis adoeca[um : cum frigtdus aera vefper ^ hi
| I Littorag, haleyonen refonant, C acanthida dum.
Whenthey returne from their feeding, the fhepheard muft regard that he putthem nog
into the foldes hot , and if thetime of theyeare bee ouer lot; let them netbee driuen to
paftures a fat off,but feed themin thofe whichareneare and adjacent to their folds that
{othey may eafily haue recourfe vntothe fhaddow: they ought notalfo to beecüriied
out cluftering altogether but difperced abroad by little and ‘little, acither müft they bee
milked
Ubri
4
ES
- $9
Mc x
EMEN
Of Sheepe.
milked while they arehot, vntil they be cold a litcle,fo likewife in the morning, let them be
milked fo foone as day appeareth, and thelittle Lambs be turned out vnto thé which were
{Kucfrom them. Butit their appeare vpon the graffe Spiders-webs, or cob-webs which
bearevplittle drops of water, then they muftnot be fuffered to feedein thofe places for
feare of poifoning,and intimes of heateand raine,driue them tothe hicfthils or paftures,
which do moftof all lie open to the winds, for there (hall the cattle feed moft temperately:
They muft auoid all fandy places, and in the month of Aprill, May, Iune, and Iuly, they
mult not be fuffered to feed ouermuch, but in O&ober, September, and Nouember, lec
them haue their full, that fo they may growthe ftronger againft the winter time. 'TheRo-
mans hada fpeciall regard to chufe fome places for the fummering of their fheepe,and
fome place for their wintering, for ifthey fummered them in Apalsa,they winteredthem
in Samnins ,andtherefore (Varro faithy the flockes of Apulia betimes inthe morning in
the fammer feafon are lead forth to feeding, becaufethe dewy graffe of the morning is
much better then that which is dry in the middle ofthe day, and about noone when the
feafon groweth hot, they lead them to fhaddowey trees and rocks, vntillthe cooleaire of
the euening begin to returne, at whichtimethey driue them totheir paftureagaine, and
caufe them to feed towards the fun rifing,for this isa general ruleamong the (hepehards:
Quod mane ad folis occafum, c vefperead folis ortum. pafcantur oues .. That is, That inthe
morning they feede their fheep towards the fun fetting, and in the euening towardesthe
fun rifing,and the reafon oficis : Qa infermi(imum peccori caput , auer [o folepaffe cogen-
dum. Becaulethe head of fheepe is moft weake, therefore it ought tobe fed turned from
the fun. In the hot countniesalittle beforethe fun fetting they water their fheep, and then
lead them totheir pafture againe, for at thattimethe {weeteneflefeemeth to be renewed
in the graffe, and this they do after the autumnal] equino&ium. Itisgoodto feedethem
incorne fieldsafter harueft,and that for two caufes. | Firft;becaufe they are exceedingly:
filled with fuch heatbsas they findafter the plough, andalfo they tread downe the ftub-
ble,and dung the land whereby itbecommeth more fruitfull againft the next year. There
is nothing that maketha fheep grow more fatthen drinke, and therefore we read in holy
fcriptüre how Jacob watered his Sheep, andthe Daughters of Zerhro their (heep, at what
time Moyfes camevnto them,therefore itis beft oftentimes to mingle their water with falt;
accordingto thefe verfes ;
At cui lactis amor ,cytifum loto[4, frequentes ;
Jpfewanu falfafde ferat prafepibus herbas
Hioc & amant (luvios magis : & magis ubera tendunt y
Et falis occultum referunt in lacte faporem.
Therebee many that trouble themfeluesabout this queftion ; namely forwhat caüfe the
fheep of England do neuer thirft;jexcept they fee the water, andthen alfo feldom drink,& England do
yet haue no more fheep in England thenare in any other country of the world-Infomuch
40 as wethinkeit a prodigious thing that fheepefhould drinke : butthetrue caufe why our
Englifh fheepe drinke notis, forthere is fo much dew on the graffe that they needeno
other water; and therefore Ari/fotle was deceiued, who thinketh that the Northern fheep
had mor neede of water thenthe Southern. In Spainethofe fheep bear thebeft fleeces
of wooll that drinkeleaft .. Inthe Iland of sephaleneas we hauc fhewed inthe ftory ofthe
Goate, ll their cattle for want of water do draw in the couldaire, bucin the hotter coun-
tries euery day once at theleaftabout 9. ortenat clocke in the morniag they water their
fheepe andfo great is the operation of drinkein (heepe, that diuers Authors do reporte
wonders thereof, as Falerius Maximus, and Theophraflus, who affirme tbat in Macidonia
when they will hauetheir fheep bring forth white Lambs,they lead them to theriuer 4/4-
so Atmon,and when they will haue them to bring forth black Lambs;to the river Axi#5 as we
haue (hewed already: It it alfo reported thatthe riuer Seazmander doth make all the fheep
to be yellowthat drinke thereof: Likewife: there are two Riuers in Aatandria which turne
fheepe fromblacke to white;and white to blacke, and thelike I might adde of the Riuer
Thrafes,oftherwo Riuers of Beotia,al which things do not come to paffe by miracle, but
alfo by the power ofnature,as may appeare by the Hiftory of Zacob, when he ferued his fa-
ther in law Laban. Iii 3 For
605
The reaferi
why the
fheepe of
not drinke
SSS SSS SS SS ae
==
606 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
For after that he had couenanted with Laban to receaue for his ftipend all thefpotted
fleepe, the Scripture faith in this manner: Then lacob tooke rods of greene Poplar, and of
Hayefell, ana of the Chefnut tree, and pilled white [Irakes in thew and made the white appears tn
therods. Then he put the rods which he had pilled, into the gutters and watering trou ches when
the [Beepe cameto drinke,before the fheepe, and the fheepe were m heate before the rods and af-
terwards brought foorth yoong of partie colour ,and with [small and great [pots. And Iacob par-
ted thefe Lambes, and turned the faces of theflocke towards thefe partie-coloured Lambes, and |
all manner of blacke among the [Deepe of Laban, fo he put his owne flockes by themfelues and put |
them not with Labans flocke. And im euery Ramming time of the flronger fheepe, Iacob layed the xo
rods before the eyes of the fheepe 1n the gutters, that they might conceane before the vods, but
when thc fheepe were feeble he put them not in, and [o the feebler were Labans, and the fironger
were Iacobs.V pon this a&ion of the Patriarke Jacob it is cleare by teftimony of holy Scrip-
ture, that diuers colours layed before fheepe at the time of their carnall copulation, doe
caufe them to bring forth fuch colours, as they fee with their eyes : for fuch is the force
of anaturallimpreffion, as we reade in ftories , that faire women by the fight of Blacka-
mores, haue conceaued and brought forth blacke children, and on the contrary, blacke
and deformed women, haue conceaued faire and beautifull children;whereofthere could |
benoother reafon given in nature,but their onely cogitation of and vpon faire beaatifull :
men, or blackeand deformed Moores, atthe time of their carnall copulation.
So that I wouldnot haue it feeme incredible to the wifeand difcrete Reader,to heare 20
thatthe power of water fhould change the the colour of (heepe: for it being once gran-
ted, that nature can bring forth diuers colouredlambs;being holpen by artificial means,
1 feeno caufe,but diuerfitie of waters may wholy alter the colour of the elder, as wellas |
whited {ticks ingender a colour in the yoonger: Ándthus nauch fhall fufficeto hauefpo-
" ken concerning the Summering of fheepe. For their Wintering I willfay more when I
a come to entreate of their ftabling or houfing.
j Now then itfolloweth in the next place to difcourfe of copulation or procreation 5
i Ofthe copu- for thereare diuers good rules & neceffary obferuations whereby the skilfull ínepheard
fheepe. mutt be direéted, & which he ought to obferue for the better encreafe ofhis flocke. Firft
B of alltherefore it is cleare,that Goates will engenderata yeare old,andfometimefheepe 30 |
| alfo follow that feafon, but there is a difference betwixt the lambes foengendered,& the — |
other that arebegotten by the elder : thereforeat two yeare oldthey may more fafely be
fuffered to engender,and fo continuetillthey be fiue yeare old;andalltheirlambsbe pre-
ferued for breeding; but after fiue yeare old their ftrength and naturall vertue decreafeth,
fothat then neither the damme.nor the lambeis worthy thenourifhing,except for the
knife, for that which is borne and bred of an old decayed fubftance, willalfo refemble the
ualities of his fires. | :26di x
i There be fome that allow not thelambethat is yeaned before the parents be foure
1 yeare olde, and fo they giue themfoure yeares to engender and breede;namely till they
| be eight yeare olde, butafter eight yeares, they vtterly caft them off: and this opinion 49
"d may haue fome good reafon, according to the qualitie of the region whereinthey liue,
m | for the fooner they begin tobeare yoong, the fooner they giueouers and herein they dif-
TUE fer not from Cowes, who if they breede not till they be foure yeare olde may continue
ne thelonger, and forthis caufe I will expreffe the teftimony of Albertus whowriteth thus :
a Ones parere v[d, ad annum octauum poffunt , & [i bene curentur vel in vndecimum facultas
| j pariendi protrabitur jquod tempus eff tota fere vita, oues in qmibu[dam tamen terris marinis
T4 -— wlifícea & falfa babent pafeua viuum per vigintie annos & pariunt . "That is tofay,theepe
fe may breede vntillthey be eight yeare olde, & if they be well keptvntill they be eleauen;
i which time is for themoft part the length of their daies, although in fome countries
| vpon the Sea coftes , they liue till they be twenty yeare old,andall that time breed yoong 5°
| ones, becaufethey feede vpon dry and falt paftures,and therefore Ariftorle alfo faith that
I they bring forth yoong ones all thetime of their life:
The time of their copulation as Pliny and arre write, is from May 'tillabout the mid-
Im dle of Auguft, and their meaning is, for the Sheepe of thofe hot countries. For in Eng-
"Y landand other places the Shepheardes protraét thetime of their copulation,and i
m the .
.*
Of the Sheepe.
cheRammes and Ewes afunder till September or O@ober, becaufethey would not haue
their Lambesto fall inthe cold Winter feafon, but in the {pring and warme weather : and
this isobferued by theauntient Shepards, that if the ftrongeft Sheepe doc firft of all be-
gin toengender and couple one withanother, that it betokenetb a very-happy and fortu-
nate yeare tothe flocke,but on the contrary, ifthe younger and weaker Sheepe bee fir ft
ofall ftirred vp toluftjand the elder be backward and flow, it prefagetha peftilent and rot-
ten yeare. sha
They which drinke falt Water are more prone to copulation then others,and com-
monly atthe third or fourth time ,the femaleis filled by the Male. Thereis a great fimi-
zo litude andlikeneffe betwixt Sneep and Goates. Firft, for their copulation, becaufe they
couple together atthefametime,, Secondly, for thetime they beare their young,which
isfiuemoaths, ora hundred and fifty daies : alfo many tímesthey. bring forth twinslike
Geates,andtheRams mutt bealwaie fo admitted as the L ambes may fallin thefpring of
the yeaxe; whenallthings growfweete and greene; and when all is performed, then muft
the Males be feperated from the females againe, thatfo all thetime they goe with young
they may goquiedy without harme. |
Intheir conception they are hindered if chey bee ouer fat, for itis with them as it is a-
mong Maresand Horfles, fome are barren by nature,and others by accident, a5 by ouer
much leaneneffe or ouermuch fatnefle. Plutarch maketh mention ofan ancient cuftome
e amongthe Gracians that they were wont to driue their Sheepeto the habitation of 4-
genor to be couered by hisRammes: And I know not whether he relate it as a flory ,oras
a Prouerbeto fignifiea fruitefull and happy Ramming time, I rather encline.to the latter
becanfe he himfelfe faith in the fame place, that Agenor was a wife and skilfull King; Mai-
fer of many flockes, whofe bjeede of Sheepe was accounted thebeft ofall that Nation,
and therefore either they fent their femalesto be couered by his Rammes,orelfe they fig-
nifieda happy coniun@tion ofthe Rammes and Ewes together . .Pliny writeth that ifthe
right ftone of aRambetyedor bound faft when he leapeth vpon an Eew, he will engender
amale, butifthe left (tone betyed hewill beget a female. ...... soiree
-— Nearethe Citty Patra there aretwo Riuers,one of them called Milichus,and the, other
2
Charadrus, and the cattlethat drinke of this water inthe {pring time, do beget males,and males or fe=
3° therfore.the fhepheardswhen they bring their Sheep and Goats to that Riuer,they driue
themtd the farther fide ofthe Riner, becaufe they would haue more females then males
for that vertue lyeth in one of the fides, but their Kyne they fuffer to drinke on that fide,
becaufe among their heards the male is bett, for Bulsand Oxen feruethem for facrifice
Bers:
Rammming time you muft obferue the blowing ofthe Northernewindin dry dayes,;and
not onely feede the flocke againft the wind, but alfo.caufethe Ramto.leapethe Rew with
his faceto the North : but if vouwould engender females; then muft you indc manner
(faith hey selarjs ouibus abortus inferunt remedium eft congregare eas vt coetu inventur,
[s
- ee - = —
607
Ariffotle
eAlbertus
Helpes for
the copulari
on of fheep,
Meanes tà
make the
Rams get
males,
Y» 2 aN Jil 3 " x
| i 608 The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Lar CARN that isto call them together intimes of thunder, isa remedy againitabortment. "There-
bou mou ' — fore he requirerh of a skilfull fhepheard a voyce or whifell intelligable to the fheepe, |
Hi Ve, whereby to call them together if they bee fcattered abroad feeding, at the firft appea- :
e EE rance and note of thunder. It isalfo reported, thatthereare certaine vaines vnder the :
i al ~~ tongue of a Rambe, the colour whereof doe prefadec or fore-thew; what willbe the co-
BEI lourofthelambe begotten by them : for if they be all white, or all blacke, or all party co-
Eod! loured,fuchalfo will be the colour of itthatthey engender. | |
dL The yeaning Ewes bring foorth for the moft part but oneat a time, but fometimes two, fome- |
Tar btw times three, and fometimes foure, thereafon whereof is to be attributed either to the ro
A MI qualitie ofthe foode whereof they eate, orelfe tothe kinde froti which they are deri-
pn dd ued : Forthere bee certaine fheepe inthe OrePades, which alwaies bring foorth two at
Mut one time,and many of themfixe. There are alfo {heepe in Magnetia, and Affrick, that
bring foorth twice inthe yeare:And Ariflogle in his wonders writeth, thatthe fheepe of”
. ete. Vmbria bring foorth thrice in a yeare, and among the Ilirians there are {heepe and
Du T i Goates, that bring forth twice in the yeare two at atime, yea fometimes three, or foure;
| or fiue, and that they nourifh them altogether, with theiraboundance of milke, and be-
| fides fome of their milke is milkedaway from them. Egyp¢ is fo plentifull in graffe that
mu their fheepe bring foortlitwice in a yeare,and arc likewife twice lipped : fo likewife in
"M, , Mefapotamta,and1nall moift and hot countries.
| Many times it falleth out that che Ewe dyeth in the yeaning of hir ambe, andma- 20 |
ny times they bring foorth monfters: fo alfo doeail other beaftes that are mulsipara, be- |
iacu | | Albertus twist a Goate and aRamme,isa Mufmon begottten,and betwixt a Goate buckeand an |
dis T Ewe is thebeaft Cinirus engendred and among the Rhztians many times chereare mix- |
i: ed monfters broughtfoorth, for in the hinder partes thegare Goates, and in the fore-
a pattsfheepe : for Rammes when they growe ftrong, olde and wanton, leape vppon the |
E female Goates, vpon which they beget fuch menfters, but they die for the molt part im-
AL mediatly after the yeaning. |
+h ea 13d Sometimes wilde Rammes come to tame fheepe, and beget vppenthefe Lambes,
i ir oo) whieh incolout and woell doe moftofall refemble the father, but afterward when they |
E ig ..... beareyongue, their wooll beginneth tobelike to other vulgar fheepe > when the Ewe is 39
M hr ds ready tobe delivered, fhe trauaileth and laboureth like a woman, and therefore if the
| Shepheard hauenotin him fome mid-wiues skill; that in cafes: of extremitie, he may
E draweoutthe lambe wlien the members fticke croffe inthe matrix, or elfeif that be vn-
| poffible becaufe itis dead inthe dams belly, yetto cut it out without perill and daunger
Night od to the Ewe, infüch cafes the Grzcians call a Shephieard Emebruonltos.
on i Hauing thus brought the fheepe to their deliuery for the multiplication of kinde, it
B. H Cuftedy of then refteth-toprouide that thenewborne lambe may befecured from Dogs;Wolues,
B 4 Ewes and Boyes. Crowes, Rauens,and andall ehemies tothis innocent beatt, and alfoto prouide
| . 1 yoohg lambs “ne ere. X
B 8^ means thatthe Ewemay render to her yongue one fufficientfoode out of her vdder ; therefore
NU "c roencreale “they muft bee well arid extraordinarily fed. We haue fhewedalreadie the vfe of Sale, 49
| | theirmilke. 2c d thenvalfo'it is very profitable when the Ewe isnewly delivered of her lambe, for
! : Qm d 3t will make her eate and drinke more liberally. In the Wintertime for the encreafe of
Buc ‘their milke in fteede of greene paftures, and {uch otherthings aswe haue expreffed, ig
| |
,
B i, A "s requifite to gine them corne, and efpecially plenty of beanes.
ED 3 CEN “> Forthis'caufe fome prefcribe to bee giuen to their fheepe the hearbe Zanaria,
| 1 Hn " Which they 3tfirmeto be profitable to be giuento encreafe milke, fome the flone Ga-
E us Ta lacites 19 b beaten to powder, andannointed vppon the Ewes: vdder, and fome pre-
E gu E fcribe to fprinckle water and fale vpponthem euery morning inthehoufe or fielde, be-
Bout n fore the Suinne rifing, °° B ada a
B uy '« Butherein I leaueeuery manto his owne indgement, hoping it will notbe offenfiue 5°
Bui | "Xo any, to relate thofe things before expreffed, and refting in opinion that both the foode
B uu M __ "ehatisreceiued inwardly and alfo the ointments that areapplied outwardly, will be fuffi-
aaa SS "Élent meanes to procure aboundance ofmilke inthe Sommerand Winter feafons. — —
qub WM e | New 2d
E AM : yii |
LU i y |
Of the Sheepe. | 6609
Now therefore it followeth to entreate likewife of the Wintering of fheepe, for as Ofthe Wins
there is more coftto keepe them in cold weath er thenin warme, fo it doth require at our Mali of
handes fomedifcourfethereof. Then it behooueth youto prouide fox them warme folds fheepe.
and ftables whereof the Poet writeth in this manner:
Incipiens, flabulis,edico in mollibus herbam
Carpere oueis , dmn mox frondofa reducitur effas x
Et multa duram flipula filicumque manipls
Sternere [ubter humum, glacies ue frigida ladat,
Molle pecus [cabiemá, ferat turpei[ d, podagras. :
be Whereby it is euident that the colde Winters doe beget in (héepe diuers and mariy
difeafes ,and for that caufe it was the counfeil of a wife and learned man,that our fheepe
fhould not beturned out to feeding neither in cold or warme weather vntjll the froft were
diffolued andthawed from offthe graffe andearth.
The Tarentine,Graecian and Afian (heepe;were wont to bealtogether kept in ftables bi
hin doores, lving continually vpon plancks and boords boared through that fo thei ys"
within dores, lying continually vpon p boordsb ghsthatfo their p, e
precious fleeces might be thebetter fafe-garded from their owne filth and vrine, and cent,
three times in the yeare they letthem out of their ftables,to wath them and annoint them
with oyle and wine: and tofaue them free from ferpents, they burned intheir ftables, and
and vnder their cratches, Galbanum,Ceder-wood, womans haire,and Harts hornes : and
4e of thefe Tarentineand Grecian fheepe, Columella writeth in thismanner. It is in vaine
forany man to {tore him {elfe with thofe Tarentine (heepe,for they aske as much or more
attendance and coftly foode then their bodies are worth; for as all beaftes that beare
woollare tender anid nótableto endure any hardneffe,foamong all (heepe;there are none
(otender asthe Tarentine or Grecian fheepe;and therefore thekeeper of themymuft not
looketo haueany playing daies;nor times of negligence orfluggifhneffe and muchleffe
to regard his couetous minde,for they are cattell altogether impatient of cold, being fel-
dome led abroad,and therefore the moreat home to be fed by hand;andif by couetouf:
neffe or negligence, one withdraw from them their ordinary foode, he fhall be penny
wife, and pound foolifh : thatis, fuffer a great loffe in his cattell, for fauing fromthem a
3o lidemeate. ^ — | | yis M7300 f :st /
Euery one of them all the Winterlong,were fed with three pintes of Bailey, or Peafe;
or Beanes,threetimes a day befidedryed Ewe leaues,or vine leaues, orhay latemowen;
or fitches,or chaffe. Befides there cannot be any milke taken fronsthe dams, for at the
firftyeaning there is no more thento ferue the little or leaft lambes,and after a few daies;
even while they fimelland raft of their dammes belly, they were to be killed for want of
fücke, that euery lambe which was to be preferued for breede might haue two dammes
orEwes to fucke, and fo the poore Bwe was forcedto a double miferie firft to loofe her
yoong one;andafterward to lend her papsand milke to a ftranger. And morcouer,they
were forced to nourith more males then females, for that at two yeare olde they were
either gelded, or killed,to (elltheir beautifull skins to the Merchants, for their wooll was
4° moftpretious;byreafon dit neuer or feldome they went abroad to the fieldes : Their cu-
ftodie in the houfe from ferpents and other annoyances;is thus defcribed by the Poets ;
Use Difce cy odoratám flabulis incendere cedrum A T
Galbaneod, agitare graues piderechelydias
Sape fub immetis pr afepsbus aut malat atfu
Vipera delituits celum d, exterrita fugit:
232 Aut tetto a([uetis coluber. jo 121 | tr vabiso
"qn eonfideration whereof, and of all the pdiaes: about the heufing of thefe tender
ffiéepe; the Poet teacheththe Shepheatd or fheepe-mafter to killtheferpents; and dafh
- Qutthebrainésof fnakes;fayiag: ^ "x jai fau 1
39 SONNE OG ape fax d mann scape roborapaftor. |
"Tollenteind, nminas ye fibilacolla sumentem. |
pesce. BS aro ULOHER E LY
Concerning dis auncientforrhes of their fheepe ftables; Ifindthistobe recorded by ipta
theáüncients Firft they madethem lowarid notof any high or loftic building, fo firetch- tenes
eX 225590:22 OF oe 1 ; : t Lis 3I { 2310 X2 ig
ROME RT
l— A
D b TEMA cer | L "
— ee wi d er t [s
4
610 The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
ing them otitin length andnotin heigth, that it may be warme inthe Winter time, for
although there be no creature better cloathed by nature thena fheepe,yet istherenot any
more impatient of cold, nor more aptto take harme thereby. It muft not be ouer-broad
yet fo as the Ewe and herlambe may lye both together, and the breathing place not left
open at the top ofthe houfe or thefides,for that willetig too much ayre but at the doore
or posch oftheir entrance, and that very low, that fo the fre(h ayre may quickly & eafily'
cometo their low heads & bodies,& alfo their breath the better auoide out of the ftable.
They alfo had a careto cover all the flower with ftrawe or dry boared boords,orfome
fuch other matter, whereby they mightftand continually dry and warm,and alfo cleane to
and {weete, to the end they might not be annoyed in their owne flandings; and therefore
the floore was made fheluing or failing low onthe one fide, or elfe of Hurdles like baskets
tolet outtheir vrine, for they often make water :andthefe were often changed, cleanfed,
and turned. In this ftablethere ought tobe diuifions or partitions wherein in time of ne-
ceffitie or fickneffe,they may eafily abidealone and be parted fromthe refidue, & feede
without anoyance of one another,and efpecially that one may notride another, and du-
ring the time of Winter,they did not let their cattell drinke aboue oncea day. .
The manner © Andthefewerethecures of the auncients about their flocks of fheepe. For vppon
how in olde them they liued, they bought and fold, and herein alfo itis profitable to obferue thean-
dme fey | cient manner of their bargaines about thefe creatures:for when a man cameand bought
foldiheepe, fheepe, he madethis proteftation to the feller : Tanti fuzt mihi empta ? Towhom the fel- 24
leranfwereth, /wut : Thenthebuyer.draweth his money with thefe words 5 Sie iafce ones,
qua de re agitur [anas vette effe,vti pecus ovillumguod vette [amum eft extra lufeam minamy.
ventre glabro,neg,de pecoremorbofa effe, habered, vette licere oae [i rétfe fieri refpondes? cre.
Firft, the Buyerfaith,(hall Ibuyethefe (beepe for thus much money :and fo draweth
his money, towhom the Marchant or feller anfwereth, you fhal;Then faith the chapman
or buyer againe to him,do you promife me thenthat thefe fheepe are as found as fheepe
fhould be, withoutfault of winde or limbe, without blindneffe, without deafeneffe, with-
out peild bellies, not comming out of any infedted flocke 5 and fo as it fhall be lawfull for
meto inioy them without al! mens contradi&ion, If thefe things be true, then I will {trike
vp the bargaine: and yet doth not the feller change the propertie of his fheepe,norloofe 38
his lordfhip ouer them vatill the money be paid., And hereupon it commeth to paffethat
the buyer may condemne the ‘feller if the cattell be not fo good as his bargaine, or if he
doe not deliuer them; euch as the buyer is fübie& tothe fame iudgement, if he doe not
deliuer the price. And concerning Shepheardsand the cuftodieot flockes I may addea
word or two more: Firftofall for the number of the {heepe, how many may fafely be.
kept in euery flocke. | |
There isnoneedethat I fhould gineany rules about this bufinefie, for the auncients
were wont to fet one Shepheardouer a hundred rough or courfe wolied (heepe;and two
Shepheards ouera hundred fine wolled thecpe : the common flockes were feauentie, or
foure-fcore, andthe Shepheardthatfollowed them, was charged to be both vigilant and 49
s Kien gentle, and therefore his difcipline was: Due? propier effe quam damino, c intogendis, ve-
Saepheards. CPlendi/que atibus y. ad: elamátioney ac baculo minetur nce unquam telum emittat neque ab
his longius recedat, nec aut recubet, aut concidat, mam vif proeedir, flare, debet quoniam grex
quidem cuflodis officium [ublimem celféf imam, oculorum, veluti [peculam,defiderat, vt nei,
tardiores, ci grauidas dum cunct attur ned, agiles Cj" fatas dum procirrunt feperari a cateris
Jinat, ne fur aut be[lia hallucinantem paflorem decipiat : faith Columella, He muft rather be a
guide vnto them then a Lord or mafter ouerthem, and in driuing them forward,or recei-
uing them homeafterthey haue ftragled, he muft rather vfe his chiding voice and (hake
his flaffe at them then caft either ftone or darcat them:ncither muft he goe far from them
at any time, nor fit downe but ftand ftil, except when he driueththem, becaufe the flocke 5°
defireth the diretion of their keeper, & his eye likealoftie watch-tower,that fo he fufter
not to be feparated afunder cither the heauy Ewes great with yong becaufe of their flow
pace, nor yet the light & nimble ones which giuefucke, & are delivered of their yoong,
whichare apt to run away left that fome ráuening beaft ortheefe deceaue the loytering
fhepheard by taking away fró him the hinmoft or theformoft. There may alfo. be moreia
a flock ofíheep then ina Qockofgoats;bicaufe the goats are wanton & fo dilperfe them-
io
29
36
40
Of the Sheepe. 611
felues abroad, but the fheep are mecke and gentle; and for the moft part keepe round to-
gether: Yetitisbetterto make many flockes then one greatone, for feare of the petti-
lence.
Intheftory ofthe Dogges we haue fhewed already how neceffary a fheapheards Dog
isto the flocke, to defend them beth from Wolues and Foxes, and therefore euery thep-
heard muft obferue thofe rules there expreffed, for the prouifion, choyce, and inftituu-
on ofhis Dogge :and to conclude this difcourfe of the (heapheard, when the Lambs are
young he muftnot drive their dams farre to pafture, but feede them neare the Towne,
village or houfe, and his fecond care muft beeto picke and cull out the aged and ficke
Sheepe euery yeare, and that in the Autumne or Winter time, leaft they dye and infe&
their fellowes; or leaft thatthe whole flocke do goto decay for want of renewing and fub-
ftitution of others,and therefore he muft (till regard that when one is dead, he fupply the
lace with one or two at the leaft, and if he chance tokil one at any time forthe hou(hold;
the counfell of Antiphanes is profitable to bee followed; ilar tantum macfare debes oues ex
uibus nullus amplius fructus ,vel eaf. y vel veleris, vel lactis, vel agnorum perniet. That is to
kil thofe (heepe from whom you canmcuer expect any more profit by their Lambs, milke,
Cheefes, or fleeces.
Of the difeafes of Sheepe, and their caufes in
generall.
en) N thenext place itis neceffary for the wife and difcret fheapheardto a-
ERC GN voideall the meanes whereby thehealth of his flocke (hould be endange- Ofthe difeas
&& | red, and thofe are either. by reafon of their meate and foode that they eat, fes of theep,
7} or elfe by reafon of naturall fickneffes arifing through the corruption of — '
(SSS 5 blood, and a third way is by the biting of venomous beaftes, as Serpents,
and Wolues, and fuch like ; anda fourth way, Scabbes, Gowtes, {wellings, and fuch like
outward difeafes.
Of venomous meates or Hearbes unto S. heepe. e
Hereis an herb which the Latins cal Herba Sanguinaria,pilofella ymmnularia;
and by the Germans & Engliíh cald Fenegreek and by the French becaufe
EP) of the hartit doth vntotheepe.they viethis circumfcription of it : L’herbe
S ies -quitueles brebis. The Hearbe that deftroyeth Sheep.It is called alfo Ser-
PEARAS penrine, becaufe when Snakes and Adders are hurt therewith, they reco-
uer their woundes by eating therof ; when a Sheep hath eaten of this Hearbe;the belly
thereof fwelleth aboundantly, and is alfo drawen together, and the Sheepe cafteth outof
his moutha certaine filthy ípume'or froath, which fmelleth vnfauourly, neither is the
poorebeaft ableto efeape death, except prefently hee bc let blood in the vaine’ vnder his
taile nexttothe rumpe, and alfo iri tlie vpper lip, yet is this Hearbewholfome to all other
cattle except Sheepe alone, wherefore the Sheapheards muft diligently auoide it. It isa
little low Hearbe, creeping vpon the ground with two round leaues, not much vnlike to
Parfly, it hath no fauour with it; or fmelleth notat all, the flower of it is pale and {melleth
ftrong, and the ftalke not muchvnlike the flower. Itgrowethin moift places,and neare
hedges and woods. 3 '
- Tfin the fpring time Sheeepe do eate of the dew called the Hony-dew, itis poyfon vn-
tothem and they dyethereof : Likewife canes in. the Autumne do make their belly fwell. _
vnto death, if they-drinke prefently after they haue eaten thereof, for thatmeat breaketh —
their gutsafunder? ‘Thelike may be faid of Sauine; Tamariske, Rnododendren, or Rofe-
tree, andalkindes of Hen-bane. : Va
The female Pimpernell doth likewife deftroy Sheepe, except affoone as they haue ea-
teh ofit they meere with the Hearbe called: Ferus oculus NN ilde-eye, but heerein lyetha
Uis ri won-
62 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
|
|
wonder, that whereas thereare two kindsofthis Hearb,a male and a female, they fhould |
earneftly defire a male; and eagerly avoyde a Fernale, feeing that both of them hanethe |
fame taftin the pallate ofa man, forthey taftlike the raw roots of Beets. |
Thereis a Hearbe in Normandy called Dawa, not much vnlike Rubarbe,or great Gen-
zian but narrowerleaues and ftanding vpright, che Nearue whercofin the middle is red,
andit groweth aboutthe waters, and therefore I conic&ure it may be Water-Sorrell,
or Water-planton, whereof when Sheep haueeaten,they fall intoa difcafe called alfo Dx-
ua, for there is bred in their liuer certain litle black Worms or Leeches, growing in final
bagges or skinnes, being inlength halfea finger, and fo much in breadth, wherewithal
when the beaft is infected, itis vacurable; and therefore there is no remedy buttotake 10
from itthelife:and that this is true,the Butchers chemfeles affirme,how many times they
SU M doc find fuch little Wormes in the Sheepes Lyuer, and they fay, they come by drinking
CUM of Fenny or maríhy-water. And to conclude, there isa kinde of Pannicke alfo whereof
$4 when Sheepe haue eaten it deftroyeth them, and there be other Hearbes which euery
| common Sheapheardknoweh are hurtfull vnto Sheepe, and the beaftit felfe though ia
nature it bee very fimple, yet is wife enough tochufe his owne foode,exceptthe vehe-
ment neceffity of famineand hunger caufeth him to eate poyfoned hearbs.
na In cafeswhen their bellyes {weil, or whenthey haue VVormes in their belly which
| they haue deuoured wi h the Herbs they eat, thenthey poure into their bellies the Vrin of
men, and becaufe their bellies prefently {well andare puffed out with wind, the Sheap- 2
| | heards cut offthe tops of their eares, and make them bleede, and likewife beate their fides
ML with their Staffe, and fo moft commonly they arerecouered .. If Sheep chaunceto drink
intheirheate,foas their greacebe cooled in their belly, which Butchers dofind many |
| times tobetrue, then the Sheaphard mutt cut offhalfe the Sheepeseare,andifitbleede — |
| the beaft (hall be well,butifit bleed not, he muftbe killed and eaten, or elfe he will ftarue
a ‘of his owne accord. [fat any time a Sheep chanceto deuourea leach, by pouring in oyle
a DALY inte his throat he (hall befate from danger.
M Of ihe colds of Sheepe. !
39
WER GSA Heep arc knowne to be fubie& to cold, not onely by coughing af-
M t «3 ter they haue taken it, butalfo by their firength before they'take it,
[Ke ¥ forthe Sheapheards do diligently obferue that when any froftor
yce falleth vppona Sheepe, if bee endure itand notfhakeit off, it
isa great hazzard butthefame S!:eep will die of cold, butifhe fhake
reu DNE de er pr aba roan
AM they arc found, butif they appeare white, or elfered and ful, they know they are weake, 468
-and will hardly liue out Winter or cold weather: alfo when they are taken in their hands;
|* Aliey prefletheir backe bone neare the hips, and ifit bend notthey are found and ftrong,
Pug d .butifthey feele itbendvpder their hand, they hold thera weake and feeble: Likewife if a
d aman takethem by the head or by theskinne of the Necke, if he follow him eafily when he |
1 ^ raweth him, itis a figne of weakeneffeand imbicilitybut if it doth fitiue,and follow with |
T il great difficulty then itis a token of health andfoundnefic.
\ i :
eed
Ty Of Scabs,and the caufes of them.
He | The original ua og es . : 5¢
s y cane of ASH T Hetrue originallof Scabsis either as we baue faidalready leaneneffe,or
T "n Scabs, elfe cold,or w et,or wounds in the fieth by clipping, orto conclude by the
Wie a heate of thebeaft in fummer not wafhed off, by thornesand prickingsof
M r1 AEN bufhes, or by fi'ting vpon the dung of Mules, Horffes;or Affes «. Now.
Hy 4 WSCA] when this firft of al beginneth, itis eafie for the fheapheardto obferue by
ij | thefe |
! -
' Mi ‘| |
dom |
AU |
} n " MET
20
3°
Of Sheepe.
thefe fignes and tokens, for the tickling or itching humour, lying betwixt the skin and the
fle(h, caufeth the poore fheep either to bite the place with his teeth, or to fcratch it with
his horne, orto rub itvponatree or wall, or ifhecan do none of thefe (tamp hard vppon
the ground with his forefeet, for whichit is good prefently tofeparate the fheepe foaf-
feéted fromthe flocke. |
The difcription and cure whereof is thus expreffed by Virgil:
Turpis oues , tentat {cabies, vbi frietdus hymber ,
Altius ad vivum per[edit, & borrida cano
Bruma gels : veleum tonfis illotus ad hefe
Sudor, & bir[uti fecuerunt corpora vepres.
Duletbus id circo (luuys pecus omne magiffri
Per fundunt , udi[ d, aries in gurcite villis
Mer fatur, maffu[ 4, fecundo, defluit amni.
Aut tonum trifis contingunt corpus amnrea:
Et fpumas mifcent argenti, vinag, filphura,
Idaafg, pices, cb pingues unguine ceras,
Seillamá, helleboro/g, graues , nigrum dg, bitumen.
Non tamen vila magis prafens fortuna laborum eff,
Quam fi quis ferro poruit re[cindere [apsmum
Viseris os : alitur vitium, viuitd, tegendo,
Dum medicas adhibere manus ad vulnera paffer
Abnegat. ,
which may be engli(hed in this maner: When the poore fheep throgh wet fhewers, cold
winter, fummers {weate, or prickings of thornes, doth incurre the filthy difeafe of {cabs,
then it concerneth his maifter to wath him in {weet riuers ouer head and eares, yea to caft
-himin tofwimmefor his owne life, orelfe to annoint his body after it is clipped with the
fpume or froth of oyle, and of filuer with Brimftone, and foft Zdean Pitch, with wax,Helli-
bor, black-earth, or the fle(h of fhrimps,or if it be poffible to cut offthe top of the wound
with a knife. |
Ofthe Scahs of Sheepe, the firff remedy.
His difeafe the French-men call zztac, and ofall otherit is one ofthe moftcontagi-
ous, for our engli(h prouerbe iuftifieth, one fcabbed (heepe infeð a whole flocke,
and Texzor writeth thus of it. Ouesfrequentius quam vllum aliud animal infeftantar feabie,
quam faeit macies vt maciem exiguitas cibi, buie morbo nif occarratur unica totum pecus coin-
quimabit uam oues contagione vexantur. Thatis to fay,Sheep are more oftentimes infected
with {cabs thenany other creature, whereinto they throgh for leanes, as they fall intolea-
neffe through want of food; and therefore if a remedy be not prouided for this euil], one
of them infe&ed will defile all the refidue, for fheep are fubie&-to contagion : forremedy
4o wherofin France they vfe this medicine. Firft of allthey fhearethe fheep, and thenthey
go lead, and Butter, mingled altogether, and fo annointtheir (heep therewith. Someagain :
mingletogether the pure froath ofoyleand water , wherein Hops haue bin fod, and the
leeze of the beftwine,and fo let it fokein two or three daiestogether: afterwardes they
wath them in {ea- water, and for want of {ea water in falt water,and this medicine is appro-
ued, wherby both fcabs and tikes are remoued from the fheep, and alfothe wooll groweth
better afterwards then euer it did before, but it is Wei ifa man can cure them without
fhearing then by fhearing (as Varro writeth, ) and urthermore to wath fheep oftentimes
with this medicine doth preferue them from{cabs before they be infe&ed: and others
adde vnto this medicine little ftickes of Cypreffe wood foked in water, and fo wath them
therewith,fome again makeanother medicine of Sulphur or Brimftone, Cypreffe,whire
take earth whichis as foftas durt, being fo foftned withthe ftale ofan Affe, but euermore
they fhaue the fcabbed place firft of all,and wath it with cold or ftale vrin, and generally
in Arabia they were neuer wont to vfe other medicine then the gum of Cedar,wherwith-
all they purged away by ointment all {cabs from fheep,Camels, and Elephants : butto
conclude, thereis no better medicine for this euill then vrin, Brimftone; and oylesas Di-
sphoneswirieth. — Kkk Of
E hy
—À ÀÀ
—À
"
Mey
a
eS ÉMRER
ES
SET e ee ERE IL.
614
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafls. —— |
Another medicine for tbe Scabs.
Ake the leeze of wine, the froath of Oyle, white Hellibor mingled with the liquor of
fod hops,alfothe inyce of greene Hemlock whichis exprefled out of the flalke before
it hath feede, after itis cut downe and put into an earthen veffell with any otherliquor
mingled with fcorched falt,fo the mouth of the veffel being made vp clofe,fet it in a dung- |
hill awhole year together, that fo it may be:conco@ed with the vapor ofthedung,then — |
take it forth, and when you will vfeit, warme it, firft of al {craping thevlcerous or fcabbed
partwith an Oyfter thell, or elfe with a fharp pumife ftone, vntillit be ready tobleed, and 1e
Ío annointit therewith.
Another medicine for the fame.
mo the froath ofoilefod away to two parts, mean 3. parts into two,put therinto the
ftalevrin ofa man, which hath bin heated by cafting into it hot burning Oyfter-fhels,
and minglea like quantity ofthe iuyce of Hemlock, then beatan earthen pot to powder,
andinfufeapinteofliquidPitch anda pinte of fryed or fcorched falt,al which being pre-
feruedtogether, do cure the {cabs of (heepfo often as they are vied. i
20
Another medicine.
JA Dose being made of the iuyce of hops, andthe hearb Camzlion, and giuen vnto |
them cureth them.Likewife the fame being fod with theroots of black Camzlion, & |
annointed warm vpon the place, accordingto Diofcorides haue the fame operation, Like-
wife Pliny writeth, that thelcabs of fheepe may be cured by falewateralone,eithertaken — |
out of the fea or made by art,& forafinvchas there is great danger in the deco&tionthere- |
of, leaft that the water ouercome the falt, or thefalt ouercome the water, he prefcribeth a
mean how to know it, namely the equali and iuft temperament thereof, for (faith he) ifit |
will beare vp an Egge thenis it well tempered, fo that the Egge will fwim and netfinke, 39 . |
which you fhall find by addition of zqualland iuftquantity of water and falt, that is,two |
pints of water,apinte offalt, and fo leffetoleffe,andmoreto more. Butifthere be any
bunch or great {cab which couereth any part of the skinne, then openthefcab and bunch
and pourc into it liquid pitch and fcortchedfalt: and thus much for the difeafe of the
{cabs.
Of the holy fire which the Sheapheards call the Pox, or the Bliffers,er
! Saint Anthonies fire. t
rus euill is vncurable, for it neither admitteth medicine norrefication by knife, and 49
therefore whenfocuer á beaft is infe&ed therewith, it ought prefently to be feperated
from therefidue of theflocke, for there is nothing that fpreadeth itfelfe more fpeedily:
whenfoeuer you aduenture to apply any thing vnto it, it prefently waxethangry and per-
plexeth the whole body except it bee the milke of Goates, and yet my Author fpeaketh
thus ofit : Quod infnfum tantum velet, vt &blandiatur igneam [euitiam differens magis oc-
cifionem regis, quam prohibens. Y hat is, It fcemeth to clofe with raging fire, asit were to
flatter it a little, rarher deferring the death ofthebeaft, thea doing away the difeafe. Ttis
therefore prefcribed by the moft memorable Author of al the Egyptians, that men doe
oftentimes looke vpon the backes of their fheep to fee the beginning of thisficknefle,and
when they find a fheep affe&ed herewith, they diga ditch or hole fit for himatthe ente- 50 |
ring in ofthe fheepe-coate or fable, wherin they putthe fheep aliue with his face vpward, |
and backe downeward and caufeallthe refidue ofthe flocke to comeand piffe vpon him, |
by whicha&ion it hathbin often found (as Columella wriceth) that this euill hath bin dri- |
uen away, and by no other meanes. E |
Of the Sheepe.
Ofthe warts, and cratches of Sheepe.
His difeafe is called by the vulgar (heapheardes the Hedghog, and it dothanoye the
fheep two manner of waies; firftwhen fome gauling or matter arifeth vppon the pa-
ring ofthe hoofe; or elfe a bunch arife inthe fame place hauing a hayre growing in the
30
middle like the haite ofa dog, and voder that a little worme,the wormeis beft drawne out
with a knife, by cutting the rop of the wound, wherein muftbee vfed great warineffeand
circum{pection sbecaufe if the worme bee cut afunder inthe wound, there iffueth out of
her {uch a venemous puftulate matter, that, poyfoneththe wound, and then thereis no
remedy butthe foot muftbe cut off. Butthe wound being opened and the worme taken
out aliue, prefently with awax-candle you muftmelt into it hot burning fewet,and ifthere
beno bunch but onely fcabs, take Allum, liquid Pitch, Brimftone, and Vineger, ming-
ledall together, and apply it vnto the wound, or elfe takea young Pomgranate before
the graines growin it, and bake it with Allum, cafting vppon it vineger, {harp wine, and
the ruft of yron fryed altogether. | ots tien cina.
Ofthe falling fickneffe.
ik commeth to paffe fometimes that fheepe are infe&ed with the falling Gcenette, but
the cure hereof can neuer beknowae, nor yet the fickneffe welltil the beaftbe dead,agd
then (as Hippocratus writeth) by opening f the braineit wil euidently appeare, by the o-
Gergreatmoyflneffethereof- ———.
| Of the paines in tbe etes.
Tisreported by Theophraftus and Pliny, thatfor cloudesand other paines in the eie of
a [hcepe, horned-poppy and Chamaliaare very wholfome. |
Of phlegme in Sheepe.
aues remedy of this difeafe take Peniroial jor Margerum or wild Nep made vp toei-
X. ther in wooll, and thruft into the nofe ofthe (heepesthere turned round vntill the beaft
beginto neeze, alfo a ftalk of blacke Hellibor boared throughthe careofthe fheepe, and
_ there tyed faft forthe fpace of foure and twenty hours,and then taken out atthe fame tine
qo voy epee ET welling in the iawes.
ofthe day thatitwas put in, by Pliny and Cellumella is affitmd to bean excelent remedy a-
gainftrhe Phlegme. :
Here is fometímes an inflammation or {welling in the iawes of (heepe, which the La-
tins call ron/ille,comming by reafon of a great flux of humours from the head vnto
that place, which may becured two manner of waies, firft, by incifion or opening the
skin where the bunch lyeth, wherby all the watery tumors are evacuated, and the beaft
cured, or elfe if through the coldnes of the weather or fome other accident you lift not
fo cutche skin, then annoint it with liquid pitch, prepared in fuch manner as is before
expreffed forthe {cabes , by operation whereof jt will be diffolued and difperfed: When
this euillarifeth inthe beginning ofthe fpring, many times it is cured without al! reme:
5^ die, becaufethe beaft forthe greedineffe of the fweete graffe ftoopeth downe her head,
and ftretcheth her necke,by which the ftraining and foreneffe ofher iawes and throat de-
parteth, and this fickneffe in a fneepe is like the Kings euill in a gan. There befome that
cüreit by putting faltamong the meate of thefe beafts;or by Guniper berries, and Harts-
toong lcaucs beaten to powder. | ! hic
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The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
For the cough, and pane in thelungs.
c Hepheards for thefe difeafes do take the powder of the root of Foale-foot;and mingle”
it with falt;fo give it vnto the fheepeto lick,whereby they are perfwaded, that thelungs
ofthe beaftare much comforted and ftrengthned, and furthermore againft the cough;
they take blanched Almonds, and beatthem to powder,and{o tempering them in two or
3. cups of wine, do infufe it in atthe fheeps’ noftrilles, and likewife veruine whichiscale .
ied akind of Germander, but falfely,becaufe it hath no good fmel;is giuen by {hephards, *°
atthis day vito their fheep againft the cough. i |
7307 ‘ghing,and portnelfe f aiti :
por theepethat are affe&ed with much fighing, they víeto bore aholewithan yron
through their eares, and remoue the fheepe out of the place where they feedto fome
other place, andifit come from the ficknesof the lungs, then the hearb called Lungwort
or Crefwort,isthe moft prefent remedy in the world : Ifthe root therof be drunke in wa-
ter, ora piece thereof tyed vnder the fheepes tongue, or (as Cel/us faith) giue vnto it as
much fharp vinegerasthe beaftcan endure, or halfe a pint of a mans ftale vrine warmed 4,
ak the fire and infufed into the noftril with alittle horn,this alfo isa remedy againftflegme ^
inthe fummer time.
Of the loathing of Sbeepe, and encreafing of their :
| k
TU
ftomacke.
I: at any timethe fheepe forfáke his meate, then take his taile and pull off from it all the
wooll : afterwards binde it as hardas euer you can, and fo he will fall hard to his meatas
gaine:and Plinyaffirmeth, that the fame part of histaile whichis bencaththeknotwildie | .
after fuch binding, and neuer haue any fence initagaine. ; 48
Of the fluxes of [heepe, and loofeneffe of the
belly. dj
FE Or this difeafe the Sheapheardes takeno otherthing but the Hearbe Terzventia, or
Set-foyle wherwithall they {top all manner oflaxes, but ifthey cannot get thefame
Hearb,then they take falt and giue it vnto them,and fo having encreafed their thirft,they
giue vnto themblackwine, whereby theyare cured.
Of the melt of Sheepe. 49
Ls Aprilland May through the aboundance of thicke groffe blood, the melt of fheepe
is flopped and filled, then the fheaphards will take two of their fingers, and thruft them
within the noftriles of the fheep, there rubbingthem vntill they make them bleed; and {oe
draw from them as much bloodas they can. P
Of the frekme[fe of the Spleene. UR a
Fo as muchas a Horfe, a Man, anda Sheep, are troubled with the fame difeafes;they
arealfoto be cured with the fame remedies, and therefore Spleen-wort given vnte |
Sheep,as to amanand a Horfe (as wee haue already expreffed) isthe beftremedy forthis 50
Malady. | d
| Of the Feauers of Sheepe. |
S9 metimes a fhaking rage throughan incenfed andan vnnaturall heat ofthe bloodia
the (heepe begetteth in him a Feauer, thebeft remedy whereofis to let him bloud,ac-
cording tothefe veríess Qu " |
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Of Sheepe.
Quin etiam iam dolor balantum lapfus ad offa, ads
Cum furit , at d, artus depafcitur arida febris :
Profuit incenfos eftus auertere * & inter
Ima ferire pedes [alientem [anguine venam,
Quam procul aut molli f[uecedere fapins umbra
Videris aut [ummas carpentem isnauius herbas ,
Extremamé, fequi, aut medio procumbere campo
afcentem, e fere folam decedere nocti.
Continuo ferro culpam compe|ce: prin[quam
. Diraper incautum ferpant cantagio vulgus.
Inwhich veriesthe Poet defineth the fignes ofthis difeafe andthe cure. Thefignes he faith
are folitarinefle anda careleffe feeding;or biting off the top of his meat, following alwaies
the hindmoft ofthe flock, and lying down inthe middle of the field, when others be a fec-
ding, alfo lying alone in the night time, and therefore he wifheth to let them bloud vnder
the pafterne or ankle bone of their foot, butby often experiment it hath bin proued that
to letthem bloud vnder the eies or vpon the eares, is as availeable asin the legs, but con-
cerning the Feauer we will fay more in the difcourfe of the Lambes.
Of the peftslence or vottenneffe of Sheepe.
His fickneffe firft of al commeth vnto Sheepe out of the earth, either by fome earth-
quake, or elfe by fome other peftilent humor corrupting the vitall {pirit,for sencea
writeth, that after the Citty Pompey in Champania was ouerthrowne by an earth-quake in
thewintertime, there followeda peftilence which deftroyed fixe hundered fheep about
that citty in fhort time after, and this he faith did not happen through any naturall feare |
in them, but rather through the corruption of water and aire which lyeth in the vpper face
ofthe earth, and which by the trembling of the earth isforced out, poyfoning firft ofall
the beafts becaufetheir héads are doWHeward and feede vpon the earth; and this alío will
poyfon men ifit were not fuppreffed and ouercome by a multitude of good aire which is
abouethe earth. It were endleffeto defcribeallthe euils that comeby this difeafe, how
fome confume away by crying and mourning filling both fields and hils with their lamen-
tations, leauing nothing behindethem, no not theit skins or bowels forthe vfe ofman:
Forthe cure whercof:Fir ft change the place of their feeding, fo that if they were infe&ed
in the woods or in a cold place, driue them tothe hils orto funny warme fields, and fo on
thecontrary, ifin warme places & clementaire;then driuethenito more turbulent and
cold paftures: remoue and change them often, but yet forcethem gently, waying their
ficke and feeble eftate, neither fuffering them to dye through lazinefle and idleneffe, nor
yetto be oppreffed through ouermuch labour. When you haue brought them to the
place where you would haue them, there deuide them afunder, notpermitting aboue
two or three together, for the difeafe isnot fo powerfull in a few asina multitudesandbe
wellaffüred that this remouing of theaireand feeding isthe beft phificke. Some do pre.
fcribethree-leaned-graffe,;the hardeftroots of reeds, Sand of the Mountaine,and fuch
other Hearbs for the remedy of this, but herein ‘I can promife nothing certain, only the
fheapheard ought oftentimes to giuethis vnto his fheepewhen they are found. I wil con,
elude therefore this difcourfe of the peftilence with the defcription of Virgil 5 ^
Balatüpecorum , e crebris mugitibus amnes,
Arente/4,fonant rips colle, [upini E.
Jam, cateruatim dat (Iragem : at g, ageerat ipfis
In flabulis turpi dilap[a cadauera tabo,
Donec humo tegere, ac foueis abfcondere difcunt,
Nam net, erat corysvfus:necvifcera quifquam
Aut vndis Abolere pote/t, aut vincere flamma,
Nee tondere quidem morbo,illuvieg perefa
Vellera,mectelas poffunt attingereputres.
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618 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
. Verum etiam inuifos fi quis tentarat amictus
Ardentes papula,at Up immundus olentia fudor
Membra [equebatur ; nec longo deinde morati !
Tempore ,contactas artws [ater jgmisedebat,.——
It is reported by John Stowe, that inthe third yeare of Edwardthe firft; and in Aane
1275. there was a rich man of Fraunce,that brought a (heepe out of Spaine (that was as
great as acalte of two yeare olde) into Northumberland, and thatthe fame fheepe fell
rotten, orto be infe&ed with the Peftilence, which afterward infe&edalmoft all che
(heepe of England: and before thattime the peftilence or rottenneffe was not knowne in
England, but then it tookefuch hold, and wrought fuch effets, as it neuer was cleare 19
fince,and that firft Peftilence gaue good occafion to be remembred, for it continued for
twentieand fixe yeares together. And thus much for this difeafe of the Peftilence caufed
in England for the moft part in moiftand wet yeares.
JW
Of Lice and Tikes.
F either Lice or Tikes doe moleft (heepe, take the roote of a
Maple tree, beate the fame into powder; and feeth it in water,
afterwards clip off the woollfrom the backe of the (heepe;and
#7 poure the faid water vpon the backe, vntill it hath compaffed 29
)| the whole body : fome vfefor this purpofethe roote of Maz-
dragora,and {ome the rootes of Cypreffe,and I find by good |
Authors, that allofthemare equiuolent to rid the (heep from |
A >) | thefe anoyances:to concludetherforethe difcour(e of (heeps |
PNG difeafes, it is good to plant neare the fheepe-coates, and pa- |
fiures of (beepe, the hearbe 4ly//on, or wilde gallow-graffe;for itis very wholefome for
Goates, and (heepe,likewife the lowers of worme-wood dryed and beatento powder gi-
‘wen vato fheep with falt, doth affwageall inward difeafesand paines, andalfo purgethem
d Apa | throughly. . 52 : ;
E. TIU i © Tie Tuice of Centoricisvery profitable for the inward difeafes of (heepe, & likewife 30
a: nace the flowers of Iuey, the hoome tree hath foure kinds of fruite, two proper, the nutjand
the grraine,two imp roper,the line,and hiphear,this hipheare is very profitable for (heep,
and it isnothing elle buta confection made out of the barks of the hoome.tree: the word
A
itfelfe is an. Arcadian word, fignifying no other thing then vi[cus and felis, Sheepalfo
E). delight in the braunches of maiden-haire, and generally the wooll of fheepe burned to
ine i ‘powder and giuen them to drinke,is very profitable for al their inward difeafes: And thus
Bs ' much fhall füffice to haue fpoken of the feuerall infirmities and fickneffes of fheepe,
Dor Mon which I defire the Englifh Reader to take in good part, wondering very much at the mas
NOT iM nyfold wits, aud (tirring pens of thefe daies, wherein Ithinke our times. may be compa-
E SDN red to the moft flourifhing timesthat euer were fince the worlds beginning ;-yet none 49
TH haue aduenturedto apply their times and wits for the explication of the feuerall ficke-
1 en at neffes of fheepe and cattell...... =
vl. SU ~~ L knowthere are many Noble men, Knights, and Gentlemen of theland; and thofe
E Vd alfo which are. very learned, that are great mafters of fheepeand cattell;and I may fay.of
: | themas rhe Prophet Dawid faith: Their Oxen are ftrong tolabor, and their fheepe bringeth
B hi forth thoufands and ten thoufands in their ficldes NN hereby they are greatly inritched;and
B usu i yet not one of them haue bad fo much commifferation, either towardsihe poore cattell
LUDUM DENEN ME in whofe garments they are warmed, or cháritie to the world, n
" | For the better direction to maintaine the health of thefe creatures, as to publifh any
! | thing in writingfor the benefite of Adams children, but fuch knowledge muftreft inthe 5o
brefts of filly Shepheards,andfor the mafters cither they know nothing or els in ftrange
ij vifitation and mortalitie of their cattell, they afcribe that to witchcraft and the diuell,
Bou | , whichis peculiar to the worke of nature. E d
dq Tal Horfes, Dogs, and almoft enery creature, haue gotten fauour in Gentlemens wits, to
: haue their natures defcribed, but the filly fheepe better euery way then they, and more
1^ neceffary
p a
AES
aja, er TRE re te
ü
ES.
: ns
SSS
A aa
E ms Qe a
| Of the Sbeepe. Mk
neceflary forlife, could neuer attaine fuchkindnefle,as once to get one page written or
indighted forthe fafegard oftheir natures, I do therfore by thefe prefence from my foulc
and {pirit, inuiteall Gentlmen and men of learning snot onely to give their mindes to
know the defe&s of this beaft, but alfo to inuentthe beft remedies that nature can afford,
for it isatoken of higheft mercy vnto bruite beaftsto feede them whenthey are hungry,
and to recouer them when they are ficke.
Columellaand Farro two great Romanes, and fuchas had attained to fome of the grea-
| teft place of the Common-wealth, being men of excellent wits and capacitie, yethad
| their names been forgotten & they neuer remembred, if they had not written of ruftick
ro and countrey matters, audit isno little honor vato them to haue left that behind them in
| Print,or writing, which themfelucs had obferued from following the plough. Therefore
it (hal beno difgrace for any man of what worth foeuer to beftow his wits vpon thefheep,
for certainely itis no leffe worthy of his wit, then itis of his teeth; and how neceflarie it
is for the nourifhment of man, we all know to this daye, and befides there is nothing
chat fo magnifyeth oar Euglifh Nation as the price of our Wooll inallthekingdomes
of the World .But what account the auncients made of Sheepe, I will now tell you:
fortheir greateft men both Kings and Lordes were Sheapheardes, and therefore you
which fueccedein their places (hall beftow much leffe labour in writing of fheepe then
they did in keeping: with the pi&ure of aSheepe they flamped their auncient mony, and
30 itisreported of Mandrabulvs, that hauing, founda great treafure in the earth, intoken of
his blind thankefulneffeto God, did dedicate three pictures of Sheepe to June, one of
| Gold, another of Syluer,anda third of Braffe; and befides the ancient Romans made the
penalties of the lawes to be Oxen and Sheep,and no man might name an Oxevntilhe had
named a fheep.
| Among the Treglodites they had their Wiues common, yet their Tyrants had lawes
to keepe their wiues to themfelues, and they thought it a great penalty for theadultery
of their wife, if the adulterer payed them a {heepe.
The Poets hauea pretty fiction, that Esdimzen the Sonne of Mercury fell inloue with
the Moone, who difpifed him, and chat therefore he went andkept Sheepe:afterwardthe
30 Moone Cell in loue with his white Sheepe, and defired fome of them, promyfingto
grant his requeft, if he would gratificher choyce: whereuponthe Wife-man (as Probus
writeth) deuided his lock into two partes, the whiter on the one fide which had the cour-
fer Wooll,and the blacker on the other fide which had the finer Wooll, fo the Moone
chofe the white ones and graunted him herloue, whereupon Virgil thus writeth;
s Panmunere niuea luna captum te luna fefellit.
It may appearealío in what great regard Sheepewere in auncient time, for that their
Prieftes made holy Water and factifices for their fasttification, whereof I findethefe re-
lations, in Gyraldus, Virgil,and others . Athe luftration of Sheepe there was another
manner of fan&ifieng then at other times, for the Sheapheard rofe betimes in the mox-
ning, and fprinkled his Sheepe all ouer with Water, making a perfume round aboutthe
4° fold, with Sulphur, Sauine, Lawrell, Vine and fire, finging holy verfes, and making fa-
crifice to the God Pa» , for they did beleeue that bythis luftration the health of their
Sheepe was procured, and all confuming difeafes driuen away.
.. Itisreportedthat when Sheepe of ftraage colours were fprinkled with this water, it
fignified great happinefic to the princes of the people, and they were gifts for the Empe-
| ror, whereupon /rgill made thefeverfes;
| . Ipfe [edimpratis aries iam Juaue rubenti
| Murice iam croceo mutabit vellera luto,
When men wentto receiueanfwers of the Oracles, they fleptall night in the skinnes of
__ Sheep . There wasa Noble facrifice among the Pagans called Hecatombe, wherein were
5^ fcrificedat one time hundred Sheepe at a hundered feuc ral altars.
Itis reported ofKing 7ofas, that hee facrificedat onetime twelue hunderedOxen,
andeightand thirty hundeted (hecpe, fo great was the dignity of this beaft, that God
| him(elfe placed in the death thereof one part ofhis worfhip: and whereas it was lawkull
among theheathens to make their facrifices of Sheep, Goates, Swine, Oxen, Rirones,
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The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
and geefe, they made reckoning that the Jambeand the Kid was beft of all, for that God
was not pleafed with the quantitie but with the qualitie of the facrifice. The auncient
Egyptians forthe honor of fheepe,did neither cate nor facrifice them, and therefore
we reade in holy Scripture, that the J/raelites were an abhomination to the Egyptians,
becaufe they both killed, and facrificed fheepe,as all Diuines haue declared. There is a
noble ftory of Clitzs who when hefacrificed at the Altar, was called away by King A/ex-
ander,and therefore he left his facrifices and went to the King, but three of the fheep that
were appointed to be offered did follow after him,euen vnto the Kings prefence, whereat
Alexander did very much wonder (and that not without caufe,) for he called together all
the wifemen & South fayers to know what that prodegy did fore-fhew, whereunto they
Es
generally anfwered that it did fore-(hew fome fearefull euents to Clitus,foras much as"
the (heepe which by appointment were dead,that is,ready to die,did follow him into the
prefence of the King,in token that he could neuer auoid a violent death and fo afterwards
itcameto paffe;for Alexander being difpleafed with him becaufe(asit is faid)he had raild
on him in his drunkennes, after the facrifíce commanded him to beflaine,and thus we fee
how diuine things may be colle&ed from thenatures of fheep. Thefethings are reported
by Plutarch ,& Paufanias. Another note ofthe dignity of fheep may be colle&edfrom the
cuftome of the Laeedemonizs: NN hen they went to the wars they droue their goats & their
fheep before them,to the intent that before they ioyned battell they might make facrifice
to their Gods:the goats were appointed to lead the way for the fheep, for they were droue
formoft,and therefore they were called Cateades,and ona timethis miraculous euent fell
out, for the wolues fet vpon the flocks, & yet contrary to their rauening nature, they {pa-
redthefheepe,and deftroyed the goats; which notable fa&tis worthy to be recorded,be-
caufethat God by fuchan example among the heathen Pagans, did demonftrate his loue
vnto the good in {paring the (heepe, and his hatred vnto the wicked in deftroying the
goates, and therefore he referued the fheepeto his owne Altar:
Idibus alba Ioui, crandior agna cadit
SofaihOwid: — Nigram hiemipecudem zephyris falicibus albam
Sofaith ireil. Andagaine: Hue ca/tus Hibilla
Nigrarum multo pecudum te [anguine ducet.
To Jupiter and tothe funne, they were wont to facrifice white fheepe or lambes,but te
Plato and tothe earth,they facrificed blacke fheep or lambes,in token of deadnes:There-
fore Tibullus writeth: — Jptereavigras peeudes promittite Diti
AndPirgil(aith: |^ Due mtras pecudes ea prima piacula funto.
When the Grzcians fenttheir fpiesto thetents of the Troyans;to difcouer what order
firength, and difcipline they obferued: effer and the ancients of Greese,vowed vnto the
Gods for euery one of the captainesa feuerall gift, that was, Of melainan, thelen hyporre-
won that is a black fheep greatwith yong:the reafon whereof is giuen by the Scholia/#, they
vowed (faith he) a blacke fheep, becautethe {pies went in the nighttime;blackneffe being
| anemblem ofdarkenes, anda fheepe great with young becaufe of good fortune, for they
[0/7777
Herodotus
fpedde wellinZroy. In Apoloniathere were certaine fheepe that were dedicated ‘tothe
funne, and in the day time they fed neere thetiuer in the beft paftute,being lodged euery
night in a goodly fpatious caue neere the Cittie, ouer whom the greateft men both for
wealth, ftrength,and wit, were appointed euery night to watch by turnes for their better
fafegard, and the reafon of this cuftody,and the great account made of thefefheepe, was
for that the Oracle had commanded the Apolomtans to do fo vntothem,and make much of
26
$9
40
them; Afterwards Ewemius anoblé man among them keeping watch according to his -
turne, fella fleep, fothat threefcoreof the faid (heep werekilled by wolues, which thin
came in queftion among the common magiftrats to know the reafon of thatfaé,&& how it
came to pafle whether by negligence or by fome other violent incurfion : Ewenins
being no waies able to defend it,was’condemned to haue both his cies put out; that fo he
might be iudged neuer more worthy to fee the light with thofe éyes,which wold notwake
ouet their charge,but winke and fleep when they fhould hauebeen open:and to conclude,
I willbutaddethisonething more; that whereas the Egyptians worfhipped the fheep for
a God,God permitted the fame vnto the Jes to be eaten among cómon'& vulgar meats,
and alfo to be burned atthe Altar for facrifices and whereas the faid Egyptians did not
onely eat but facrificefwines flefh, God himfelfe did forbid his peoplethat they fhould
$9
or
25 te 0
Ear de RUP yee p
Of Sheepe.
neuer eatenor tafte of fwines (lef asan abhominable thing : by which he fignifieth how
contrariethe precepts of men are to his owne lawes,for that which hee forbiddeth, they
allow,and that which they allow, he forbiddeth ; and therefore how farre the people of
Godoughttobe from fuperftition, and from the traditions of men,is moft manifeftby
this comparifon, forthatwas neuer fangified that came not into the Temple, and that
was neuer lawfull whichwas not approoued by God: and thofe things which in his law
haue greateftappearance of crueltic,yetarethey more iuftand equallchen themoft in-
different inventions of men; which feeme to be ftuffed out with mercie, and gilted ouer
“with compaffion. dbi |
-— Andthefethings moftworthy Readers;Lhauc thought good to exprefic in this place
for the dignitie and honourable account which the greateft men of the world in former
tires haue madeof fheepe, and thereby I would inciteand ftir you vp, if it were butone
noble fpirited learned man, which is furnifaed with witte, meaucs;and opportunitie, to
dineand pierce intothefecrets of Englifh theepe,and Shepheards; and to manifeft vn-
to the world the beft, and moftapprooued meanes and medicines, for the propulfing and
driving away ofall manner of difeafes from thofe innocent profitable beafts,and for theic
xo
conferuation in all manner of healthand welfare.
I am forry that our times arefo farre poyfoned with couctoufneffe, that there is no-
regard of God, man, or beaft, but onely forprofitand commoditie : foras for the fer-
uice of God wefeethat the common deuotionof men, and pra&tife of their religion, is
" foundedvpona meer hope that therfore God wil better profperthem in worldly affaires,
andif itwere not forthe reward in this world, the profeffors of religion would not be
halfe{omany as now they are ; and that istrve in them which the diuell flaun deroufly ob-
jectedto Job, namely that they doe not [erue God for nothing, and they had rather with Dives.
hauethe diuels fauour in rich garments and delicate fare, then with Lazarus with mifery
and contempt, enioy the fauour of God, and to fet vp their hopes for an other world. As
for men we fee that the fonne loueth his Father but for patrimony,and that one man ma-
keth much ofan other, for hope to receauebenefiteand reeonapence by them; and there-
fore itisno maruell if the filly beaftes haue obtained fo little mercy, as to beloued, not
becaufe they are Gods creatures, but forthat they are. profitable and feruiceable for the
3° neceffities of men:for this caufe you nourith them, and notlike the Apolonians aforefaid
for the Oracles fake, but for their fleecesand their flefh. Therefore if you haueany com-
paffion,learne how to helpetheir miferies sand publifh them to the world fr the general
benefite, for he cannot be good which is not mercifull vato a beaft, and that mercie doth
eafily die which groweth but in one hart of one mortall man.
There wereacompany of peoplein Egyptcalled Zycopelit,who wor(hipped a wolfe
fora God, and therefore they alorie among all the Egypziazs did eate fheepe, becaufethe
Wolfe did cate thems euen fo I can make no better reckoning of thofe menthat nourifh
fheepe for their profit oncly;then Ido of the Zycepolitas, which worfhipped a Wolfe,for
4c fuch men haue no other God but their belly, and therefore I truft thefe reafons fhall
| serfwade fome one or otherto write alarger difcourfe of our Englifh fneepe:
Nowin the next place we are to difcourfe ofthe vtilities that commeth by fheep, for
asit is the meckeft of all cther beaftes, foas the rewarde of meckeneffe, there is no part
of him but is profitableto man: his fleth, blood,and milke is profitable for meat, his skin
and woollboth togither and aflunder for garments, his.guts and intrals for Muficke, his
hornes and hooues forperfumingand driuing away of Serpentes, andthe excrements of
his belly and egeftion or dung for the amending and enriching of plowed lands, and for
thefe occafions did the Egyptians worfhup it fora God,for thatthey could fee no creature
in the world, but had fome parts altogither vnprofitable vnto men, but in this they found
e noneatall.
Firft of al thereforeto beginne with cheir flefh, although Phyfitians haue theirfeuerall
conceites thereof, as Galez (who faith) that the flefh of Hares is better thenthe flefh of
Oxen and Sheepe: and Simeon Sethi. who being forced to confeffe the goodneffe of Mut-
ten or Sheepes-flefh in the beginning and middle ofthe fpring, (yet writeth) that it is ful
of fuperfluities andeuil ipice,and hurtfullto al Regmy and moiftítomackes. Creféentien-
fs
~~
621
Of the feue-
ral commo-
dity and vti-
lity coming
by Sheepe &
firft of their
flefh,
Vcl Um Eie ELI
622 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
fs alfo writeth, that the fle(h ofa Sheepe hath an vnpleafaut taft through ouermuchhu-
midity, and fit for none but for country-labouring-men: Indeed I graunt the opinion of
Platina, who writeth thus concerning Rams : Ower arietem dentibus ne attingas, mon modo
enim eius caro non prodeft, verum etiam vehementer oueft, thatis; That Ranimes| fle(h:wee
ought neuer totouch,forit is notonely vnprofitable, but it is much. hurtfüll: yetin En=
glandthe flefn of Rammes is vfually eaten, either through the craft or fubtilty ofthebur-
' chers, orelfe through couetoufnes. But in many:houfes (as Lhauchearée) thereisa
kind of Venifon made ofthe fle(h of Rammes, which is doneby this meaness:Firft they
takethe Ramme (and beat him with ftripes on all parts til the lefn grow redde;for fuch is
the natute of the blood, that it wil gather to the ficke affected places, and there ftandeto 10
comfortthem, fo by this meanes after the Ramme is killed the fleth lookethlike Venifon:
Butasin other difcourfes, namely, Hares and Conies, wee haue already (hewed. our ha-
tred of all cruel meates, fo alfo I vtterly diflike this,for ifit benotfufficient to kill and eat
the beaít; but firft ofall putit to Tyrrannical torments, Icannot tell what wil faffice, ex-
cept we willdeale with beaftes,as Pirate didwith Curist, whowasfirtt of all
whippedand crowned with thornes, and yet afterward did crucifie him.
But for thetaking away of that Rammy humour and ranke moiftnes whichis founde in
the Male-fheep ,they vfe to. geld them when they are young and fucke their dammes, or
elfe within the compaffe ofa yeare after their yeaning, whereby the flefh becommeth fo
temperate, {weet, and fauoury,.as any other fle(h in the worlde; and ifthey pafle ayeare, 2e
then dochey vfetoknitthem, and foin timetherr {tones depriued of nourifhment from
the body by reafon of knitting, do drieand confume away, or veterly fall off, whereby the
whole flefh of the beaftis made very feafonableand wholefome: It is granted by al, that
when they are young, thatis to fay a yeare old, their le(h is very wholefome;& fitfor no-
rifhment of mans nature, but chat they increafe muchphlegme, which euilis alaied by
eating Viniger and drinking wine voto it. In many places they falt their Muttens when
they arekilled,and fo eat them out of the pickle, or elfe roaftthem in the fmoake like Ba-
eon.Withintheterritory of Hexverta, thereisa publickelaw whereby the Butchers
are forbidden to buy any forren fheep, after the feaft of Saint James, that is, thefiueand
twentie day of Iuly ,for although that after that time they grow fat, yet is their flefh then 30
Jeffe wholefome, and their fatte more hurtful, then that which is gotten inthe fj pringe of
the yeare.
it were needleffe for me to fet downe the diuifion of a deade fheepe into his quarters,
fhoulders,legges,loines, rackes, heades, and purtinances, for thatthey are commonly
knowne, and the relation of them can minifter {mal learning to the reader, buteuery part
hath his vfe, euen the blood that is taken from him when his throat is cut, hath his pecu-
liar vfe for the norifhment of man, and aboue al other thinges the fat of his loines com-
monly called his fewet wherein it excelleth al other beafts whatfoenerfor their reines,are
coueredal ouer with fat.
oftheirmilk, Their isno leffe vfe of their milke not onely for young, but for old perfons, and afwel 4e
for the rich to beautific their tables, as for the poore to feruetheir hungry appetites, and
there be fome people in A ffricke that haue no corne in al their country ,and therefore in-
fteede of bread,their common foodis milke, the goodnef{e whereofis thus expreffed by
Ferra. |
Quod preflat ? Capra ,po[! ? Oues mde boues,
Euermorethe milke ofan Ewe is beft that is neweftand thickeft, andthat which com-
meth froma blacke Sheepe is preferred beforethat which is milked from a white,and ge-
nerally thereis no beaft whereof we eate but the milke thereof is good and nourifhable,
therefore the milke of(heepe is preferred in thefecond place, and there is no caufe that 50
itis put in the fecond place but forthe fatneffe thereof, otherwife it deferued the firft, for
asthefatneffe maketh it leffe pleafant to the palate and ftomack of man, yet is it more pre-
tious for making of Cheefe;and we haue fhewed already that in fome places as in the I-
- fland Erythrea, the milk ofaSheep yeildeth no whaie, and that they can makeno cheefe
therof,but by mingling abundance of water with itsthey make abundance of es inthe
| penine
ro
2e
$9
Of the Sbeepe.
Apenine hils,and in Zjgsria : the Cheefe of Sicilia is made of Goates and fheepés milke,
and generally Cheefe made of (heepes milke is the better the morenew itis, The nature
ofatheepeistogiue milke cight moneths togither, and in Italy they make Butter alfo of
the milke of fheepe, althe Summertime vntothe feaft of Saint Michael! they milkethem
twicea day, butafter chat, vntil they coople with their Rammes they milke them but once
a day, the faults of cheefes made of their milke is either becaufe they are ober dry or hol-
low; and full ofeyes and holes, or elfe clammy like burd-lime, thelaft proceedeth from
thewantof preffing, the fecond through ouermuch (alt, and thethird by ouermuch dry-
ing in the Sun. And thus much fhal fuffice to haue fpoken of thofethings in fheep which
arc fittobe eaten.
Inthenext place we come to difcourfe of their wool,and of the fhearing or clipping of
fheepe, for although their fle(h be pretious yet it is not comparablein valueto their fees
ces, for that when they are once dead they yeild no more profit, but whilethey liue, they
are fhoarne once or twice a yeare, for in Egyptthey arefhoarne twice a year, and alfoin
fome partsof Spaine.And it appeareth thatin auncient times there were great feaflesat
their fheepe- fhearings,asis apparantinthe holy {cripture in many places, and efi pecially
by the Hiftory of Ab/alen, who after he had once conceiued maliceagainft his Brother
Ammon, be found no opportunity to execute the fame, vntill his (heepe fhearin g-feaft, at
which time in the prefence ofall his brethren the kings fons(euenat dinner)when no man
fufpeéted harme,then did Ab/alon giue a figne to his wicked Seruants to take away his life,
which they performedaccording totheir maifters malice.
It appeareth by the wordes of Pliny who writeth thus, Owes non ubig, tondentur durat
quibufdam in Locis vellendimos, qui etiam nunc vellunt ante triduo ietunas habent quolan-
guida minus radices lane vetinent : That is, Sheepe are noteuery where fhoarne, for yet
vnto this timein many places they do commonly obferuethe old cuftome of pulling the
woollofffrom the fheepes backe, and they which doe now pull the wooll and not fheare it;
doalwaies caufe their faeepe to faft three daies before, that fo being made weake the roots
ofthe wooll may not fticke fo faft, but come off more eafily. ao
Andindeed Lam confirmed in this opinion by the Latine word Vellus which fignifi-
eth a fleece, which can bee deriued from no other Radixe or Theame, not admit any
other manner orkinde ofnotation, then A sellendo,that is; from pulling.
Cate alfoin his booke of Originalles writeth thus, Palatini cellis Rome altera pars
velleia appellata fuit, à vellenda lana ante Hetrufeam tonfuram incolis monftratam, That is,
to fay : Therewas one part of the hill Palatine at Rome, which was called Felleia from
the pulling of wooll, for it was their cuftome thereto pull their wooll,before the inha-
bitauntes learned the Hitrwtian mariner of fhearing fheep, by which teftimony wefee
cuidently the great torment thatthe poore flicepe were put vnto when they loft theyr
fleeces , before the inuention of fhearing, for it is certaine by the auncient pictures
and flatues of men that there was no vie of fhearing either haireor wooll, from men
or fheepe.
4° But the haireof men grew rude, and inlength like womens, and fheepe neuer loft
sc
their fleeces butby pulling off, and therefore Parr writeth, that foure hundred and
fifty yeares after the building ofRomethere was no Barber or fheep-fhearer in a] Italy,
and that Publius Ticimus Menas was the firftthac euer brought in that cuftomeamong
theRomans, for which there was a monument ereéted in writing in the publicke place
at Ardea, whichvntill his time was there fincerely preferued. LAN
Now concerning thetimes and feafons ofthe yeare for the fhearing offheepe,it is not
'onely hard, butalíoan impoffible thing to fet downeany general rule to hold in al places.
The beftthat euer I read isthat of Didimus. Necfrigida ad huc, nec iam affino tempore, [ed
medio vere Ones tondenda [unt , Thatis, (heepe muft neither bee fhoarne in extreame
colde Weather, nor yet in the extreame heate of Summer, but in the middle ofthe
fpring.
i
I
Seas!
r=
a
Sen
SS
ut
ELE.
sits Sete
m n BEI iW
j r i h
Saas aes z IUS NE SAM ap a al ecc Qt eda MEME I EU SCR IE:
624.
Columells
Pallading
Celfay
Sheating
time in Eng-
TA
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
In fome hot countries they (heeretheir (heepe in Aprill, in temperate countries they
fheerethem in Maie, but in the cold countries in June, and Iuly ; and generally the beft
time is betwixt the vesnall equino&tium,& rhe fummers folftice,that is before the longeft
day,and after the dates & nights be of equall length,there be fome that fheere their (heep
twice in a yeare,not for any neceflitie to disburden the beaft of the fleece, but for opinion
that the ofter (hearing caufeth the finer wooll to arife, euenas the often mowing of
graffe maketh itthe fweeter, Inthe hor countries the fame day that they fheere their
{heepe they alfo annoint them ouer with oyle,the leeze of old wine, and the water where-
in hops are fod, and if they be neere the fea fide,three dates after'they drench them ouer ro
head and eares in water, butif they benot neere the fea fide, then they wafhthem with
raine water (od with {alts and hereby there commeth a double profit to the fheepe : Firft,
forthatit will kill in them allthe caufe of fcabs for that yeare; fo as they (hall liuefafe from
that infe&ion : and fecondly, the fheepedoe thereby grow tobeare the longer and the
fofter wooll.Some do fheare them within doores,and {ome in the open funne abroad,and
then they chufe the hotteft and the calmeft daies, arfd thefearethe things or the necef-
fary obferuations, which I can learne out of the writings of the auncients about the fhea.
ring of fheepe. | : (
Now concerningthe manner of our Englifh nation, and the cuftomes obferued
by vsaboutthis bufineffe,although it beneedleffe for me to expreffe, yet I can not con- :
taine my felf from relating the fame,confidering that we differ from other nations.Firft 4e
therefore,the common time whereat we fhearefheepeis in Iune, and lambes in Iuly 5
and firftof all we wath our fheepe cleane;in running fweete waters, afterward letting
them dry for a day or two, for by {uch wathing all the wooll is madethe better and clea-
ner : then after two daies we fheare them, taking heede to their fle(h, that it be no maner
of way clipped withthe fheares,butif it be, then doth the fhearer put vpon it liquid
pitch, commonly called Tarre, whereby it is eafily cured and kept fafely from the flies.
The quantitie of wooll vpon our (heep is moreihen in any other countrey of the world,
forcuen theleaft among vs (fuch as are in hard grounds) as in Norfolke, the vpper moft
part of Kent, Hertfort-fhier, and other places, haue better and weightier fleeces then
the greateft in other nations : and forthis caufethe forraineand Latine Authors doe ne- 3o
uer make mention of any quantitie of wooll they fneare fromtheir Sheep, but of the
uallitie.
: The quantitie in the leaftis a pound,exceptthe fheep haue loft his wooll, in the middle
fort of fheepe two pounds or thrée pounds, as is vulgar in Buckingham, Northampton,
and Leicefter fhieres; But the greateftof all in fomeof thofe places, and alfoin Rumney
maríh in Kent, foure or fiue pounds: andit is the manner of the Shepheards and fheepe
mafters to wet their Rams, and fo to keepe their wooll two orthree years together grow-
ing vpon their backs, and I haue credibly heard of a Sheepe in Buckingham-fhiere in the
flocke ofthe L. P. thathad fnorne from it at onetime, one and twentie pound of wooll.
After the (hearing of our fheepe, we doe not vfe either) to annoint or wafhthem, as they 49
doe in other nations, but turne them foorth without their fleeces, leauing them like mea-
dowes new mowen with expetation of another fleece the next yeare. The whole courfe
of the handling of our (heepe is thus decribed by the flower of our Englifh-Gende men
husbands matter Thomas Tuffer.
Wafh Sheepefor the better where water doth runne,
And let him eoe clanely amd dry in the Snnne
Then [beare him and {pare not, at two daies an end,
The fooner the better his corps will amend,
Reward not thy Sheepe when yee take off hiscoate
With twitches, and flafDes as broad asa groat:
Let not [uch ongentlene[fe happen to thine
Left flie with her gentles doe make him to pine,
Let Lambes goe unclipped till Iune be halfe worne,
The better the fleeces will grow tobe fhorne,
The Pye will defcharge thee for pulling the reft,
$9
ig] E5 oF
ro
r
|
|
Of the Sheep. 625
The lighter the sheepe is, thenfeedeth it beff.
And in another place of the husbandry of (heepe he writeth thus:
Good farme and well flored, good houfing and dry,
Good corte and good dairy. good market andnigh, :
Good Sheapheard, good till. wan, goed lack and good Gill,
Makes husband and bufwife their coffers to fill:
Let pafture be flored and fenced about,
And tillage fet forward as needeth without.
.. Before you do open your purfetobegins -
E With any thing doing for fancy within,
No floring of pafture with bagaagely tits
With ragged and aged asenill as it i^... ;
Let carren and barren be [Difted away, bon
For beft isthe be/t, whatfoener you pay.
' And inanother place {peaking ofthe time of the yeare for gelding Ramsjand felling of
wooll which he admonifheth thould beafter Michelmas;he-wriceththus : |
Now geld with the gelder, the Ram and the Bull,
Sew ponds, amend dams, and fell Webfter the wool,
ao But ofthe milking of fheepe he writeth thus:
Put Lambe fro Ewe,to milk afew,
Be not to bold, to milke and fold,
Fine Ewes alow, to euery Cow,
sheepe wrigling taile, bath mads without faile,
And thus far Tu/er befides whom I find little difcourfe about the husbandry of Sheepe The value of
inany Englith Poet. And for theconclufion or rather farther demonftration ofthis part, 1^ ry, weet
concerning the quallity of our Englifh wooll, I can vfe no better teftimony then thatof thereof
worthy M.Camden,inhis Brittannia,for writing ot Buckinghamfhire he vfeth thefe words:
3° Hec totafere campeltris eft foloitem argillacos tenaci e? foecundo,Papulofis pratis inniemeros o-
uium gregespa[ait , quarum mollia cy zenuiffima vellera ab Affatieis vf d, gentibus expetüntur.
"E hat is to fay, The whole county of Buckingham is ofa clammy, champaigne; fertilé
foile, feeding innumerable flocks of (heep with his rich and well erowen paftures or méd-
dowes, whofe foft and fine fleeces of woollare defired of the people of Afía; For we know
that füch ischetrade of Marchandifeand tranfportation of Englifh cloath, the rare fine-
nefie,and fmoothneffethereof is admired in^ Afias namely, in Paleffiza , and other king-
domes of the Turke, andtherefore they haue Englifh houfes ofMarchants, both at Alep-
posTripoliand other places. Againe {peaking of Lem/ler ore, or Lem/ter woollin Herford-
40 fhire, he writeth thus : Sed ei precipua bodie gloria eff a lana in circum vicinis agris (Lemfter a-
ré vocant) cui excepta Apula c Tarentina palmam deferunt Europa omnes. The greateft glo«
ry of chat foile is in their wool, which arifeth from fheep,feediag in the fildesand paftures
adioyning thereunto, (which woollthey call zemfler ore) and all Chriftendome yealdeth
praifeand price vnto it next after the Apulian and Tarentinias wooll. T
And indeed fo fweet is the gainethat commeth by fheep,thatin many partes of the
landthere is a decay oftillage and people, for their maintenance, and therefore the {aide
M. camden faith moft worthily,euen like bimfelfe, that is honeft and vnpartiall in all his
writings, for inthe beginning of his defcription of Northamtonfhire, where I thinke a
boueall parts depopulation and deftroying of townesis moft plentiful, (fo that for Chri-
go ftians now you haue (heepe, and for a multitude of good houfe-holders; you (hall haue
one poore Sheapheard fwaineand bis Dogge lyuing vppon forty fbillingesa yeate; or
little more, ) bee writeth in the wordes of Hythed«m after the commendation of the
Sheep aud Woolloftbat Country : Quibus oppleta c» quafi obfeffa qua (vt Hythod.eus il-
de dixit) tam miles effe tamque exigno ali folebant mau (vtifertur ) tam educes atque indo
wit effe ceperunt vt bomines. denorent, ipfos agres, domos oppida-va[cent , «e depapulentur :
j : which
The wool of
other coun-
The Hiftovie of Foure-footed Beafts.
which words I canot better englifhthenin the words ofan Epigrammatarian in out ages 3
for to this effect, accordiag to my remembrance he writeth,
Sheepe batte eate up our paftures;our meddowes , and our doypnes, -
Our Mountaines our men, our villages and Townes; |
Tillnow Ithought the common prouerb did butieft,
That fates a blacke fheepe 1s a biting beaft. ^ À
Concerning the goodneffe of englif wool; and the difference of itfrom others,the rea-
foa is well giuen by Gefzer and Cardan: Lame earum molles crifpe fant, ideog, mune vt o- to
lim milefía celebratur nec mirum cum nullum animalvenenatum wuttat Anglia, C fine Inpo-
rum mettpecus vagetur uulli enim in Anglia hodie lupi reperiuntur , Rore cali fetim fedant gre-
ges ab omni aliopotu arcentur quod aque ibi ouibus [rnt exttiales. Thatisto fay, The woolof
Englifh fheep is foftand aurled,and therefore it is now commended as highly as ever was
the Melettag woollin ancient time, and not without inft caufe, for they are neither anoid
with the feare ofany venemous beatt, nor yet troubled with Wolues, and therefore the
{trength of theirnature.and peaceable quiet wherin they liue, doth breed in them the bet-
ter wooll; and befidésthey nener drinke;buc quench their thirft withthe dew of heaven’:
. And thus much for the difcourfe of Enelith wooll.
Iam neuer able fufficiently to defcribethe infinite commodities that come vnto men
by wooll, both for gardens, for hangings, for couerings, for hats, and diuers fuch other
things, and therfore it (bal not be vnpleafant I truft vnto the reader,tobe troubleda little
with a farther difcourfe heereof, if I blot fome paper in defcribing the quality of the beft
woollin other nations. Firft ofal therefore we are to remember thefe two things that the
beftwoollisfoft and curled,and that the wool of the old fheep is thicker and thinner then
the wooll of the younger, and the wooll of the ram followeth the fame nature, of whom
we will {peake more in his ftory. Onely inthis place our purpofe is to expreffe the exami-
nation of woollas we finde it related by Authors, according totheir feuerall countries.
^^ Therforeas we baucfaidalready out of M.chambdens report, the Tarentiniaw and Apuleian
, wooll muft have the firft piace,becaufe the (heep of thofe countries liue for the moft part
within doores, and befides that, are couered with other skins. In Spaine they make grea-
tet accountot the blacke wooll, and it appeareth by good Hiftory, both in our Engli(h
chronicle and others, that the (heepe of Spaine were ofno reckoning til they were ftored
with the breed.of England. There is alittle country called Pellentianeare the Alpes, of
the wooll whereof Martial maketh mention, ‘as alfo of the Cazseize red wooll, and there- _
fore Ouis Casusiva was an Emblem for pretious wooll, his verfes are thefe:
4 } ! P
Non tantumpullo, lugentes vellerelanas,
Roma magisfuffis ve[litur gallia ruffis
Canucinatns uoftre fyrus affere [udet.
_ Wehauefpoken already ofthe wooll of 7/ria and Liburnia, which ifit were not for the
{pinning in Portugall, and the web-fters Art thereupon, it were no better for cloth then
haite. s¢rabe writeth, thatthe wooll of Mutina, whereby he meaneth all the country that
lyeth vpon the riuer Sewtana, isvery foftand gentle, and the beft of Italy ; but that of z;-
*— güriaand Myllsinsis good for no other vfe but for the garments of feruants.
~ About Padaatheir woollisofa meane price, yet they make of it moft pretious workes
of Tapiftty;and Carpets for tables, forthat which was rough and thicke in ancient time
was vied for this purpofe, and alfo to make garments, hauing the fhags thereof hanging
by it likerugs. There isa citty called Fera, and the wooll thereof by the Marchants is
called Feltriolana, felt-wooll, they were wont to make garmentes hereof neither woven
nor fewed, but baked together at the fire like hats and caps, whereof P/iny writeth thus:
Lane & per fe coactaveftem faciunt , c [f addatur acetum etiam ferro refiftunt ime vero etiam
ignibus nouif[rmo fui purgamento quippe ahenis coquentium extracte indumentis v[ucveni-
unt gallearum-vt arbitror inuento, certe callicis bodiemominibus difcernuntur. NN/ooll hath
this property ,thatif it be forced together it will makea garment of it felfe; and if vineger
| | be
Of the Ram. 000 629
bee put vntoit; it willbearé off the blow ofa ford; dreffed atthe fire and purgedto the
laft, for itbeing taken offfrom the brazen coffer whercon is was drefled, it ferned for clo-
|J thing, being as hee thought an inuention of the Gals, beeaufe it was knowne by French
names; and from hence we muit{ee the beginning of our fele: hats. The Beticar wooll is
celebrated by Zuuezall, when he {peaketh how Catalls fearing fhipwrack,was about tocaft
him out into the water: ~~ f ;
Infecit watura pecus ,fed C eeregitis fons,
jode Viribus occultis > Betteus adiunat aer-'
For the colour of WWoollinthat country groweth mixed, notby any art, but naturally eA oa
| | re through their food, or their drinke, or the operation ofthe aire. "The Zawoditian wooll is ors of wool
| alfo celebrated, notonely for the foftneffe ofir; butfor the colour, fot that it is as blacke
| as any Rauen, and yetthereare fome there of other colours, andfor this caufe the Spa-
| pifh wooll:s commended, efpecially d'urdizania, and Ceraxi (as. Strabo writeth; for hee
| faith the glaffe of the wooll was notonely beautifull for the purity of the blacke, butalfo
it will {pin out into fothin athread as wasadmirable, and therefore in his timethey folda
| ram ofthatcountrey for atallent. [may {peakealfo of the wooll of Parma,and Altinum,
|* whereo f Martial made this difticon 5 . |
| | Velleribus primis apulta : Parma fecundis |
20 Nobilis altinum tertia laudat onis.
We may alfo read how for the ornamentofwooll, there haue bin diuers coloursinuen-
tedby art, and the colours have giuen names to the wool, as Simatslis lana, wooll of Sea-
watet-colour,fome colour taken from an Amethiff ftone,{ome from brigheneffe or clear-
nefle, foie from Saffron, fome from Rofes, fiom Mirtles, from Nuts, from Almonds,
from Waxe, from the Crow, as Célorcoraxicws, and from the purple fifh ;as from the Ce:
‘laffive, or the Tyrean,whereot Virgil! writeth thus 5 |
Ha quod, non cura nobis leuiore tuenda,
Nec minor v (as erit quamuis Milefia'magno,
jo - Fellera mutentur tyrios in eocta vubores.
"From hencé cominetli the chalké colour, the Lettice colour, the Loote-tree-root, the
réd colour; the Azure colour,and the ftar-coloàr. There is an Hearb called Fullers-herb,
which doth foften wooll, and make itaptto rakecolour, and whereas generally there are
but two colours,blackand white that are fimple the ancientsnotknoing how to die wool,
| ‘did paint it óti the outfide forthettiutmphing garments, in Homer wore painted garments.
The Phrigian garments were colours wroughtwith needle-worke, andtherewas one At 7
"falus à King in Affa; which did firft of all inuenc the weaning of wooll andgoldtogether, ©’
"whereüpoh came the namie‘of /e/fis Attalica, for a garment of cloath of gold. :': Aem
o ^ The Babilonians andthe Alexandrians loued diuerfizy of colours in their garments alfo;
4° aid therefore Mettellus Scipio made alaw of deathagainftall fach asfhould buy a zabilonjfh *
* "gürment;that was carpetsorbeddesto eate vpon for eighthundered Ceffer/és. The (hea-
“ting of cloth or garmerits inade of fhorne cloth, did firft of all begin in the daies of S. 42-
-guftinesas Feniftella wtiteth. The garments like poppies had the original before thetime
of Zusilius the Poet, as he maketh mentionin Tarquatus. There was a fafhion in ancient
time ariong the Ronians, thatad iftiffe with wooll vpon it, was cartied after virgins when The Ling
-they were going to be married: the reafon therof was this(as arre writeth) fortharthere °° 4 ;
"wasotie Tasaquilis or Cayea cecilia, whole diftaffe and wooll had endured inthe Temple ^— ^
ref sangistiany huridered yeares, atid that Serwins Tallws made him a cloke of that woóll,
oy Which hé fléuer vied batin the ceniple of Forturie;aríd that that garment afterwards conti- \
5". suedfide &oo& 60. y&irs;beihg deither confunted by moaths; nor yet growing thread-
-bate forthe reat admiration of all which either faw it orheard fic. Andthus much
|. thought goodto adde in this place concerning the diuerfityof wooll diftinguifhed natu-
| *&ally according to feuetall regions, or elfe artificially after fundry tinQures. Likewifeof
| the mixing and mingling of Wooll onc withanother, and diuet fities of garmentes, and
| Lia lfly
ee tc irem Ri. E UTER Ry tm RTI uM " Igi Ner x
c EE = — de EI to ~ —- ; " »
LOL
fheep-skins
Of the dung
"The inward
qualities of
— The Hiflory of Fonre-footed Beafts.
laftly ofthe lafting and enduring of woolland garments, for it ought to be no wonder vn-
toa reafonable man; thata wollen garmentnot eaten by mothes, nor worne out by vie,
(houldlaft many handered yeares, tor fecing it is not of any cold of, earthly nature, but
hotand dry, there is good caufe why.it fhould remaine long without putrification :and
thus much iaftead of many things for the wooll of {heepe. | boni
As we aue heard of the manifold vfe ofthe Woollof-Sheepe,fo, may we fay. very
much ofthe skins of Sheep for garments and other vfes : and therefore when the wool is
detraéted and pulled offfrom them, they are applyedto Buskins, Breft-plates, Shooes,
Gloues, Stomachers, and other vfes, for they arealfo dyedand changed by tin&ture into
other colours,&alfo whenthe wool istaken off from them, they dreffe them vety fmooth 10
and ftretch them verye thin, whereofismade writing parchment , fuchasis commonly
vied at this day. in England, and I haue knowne it praGtifed at T2cezesr, called-once Tré-
pontium wthe.county of Northampton :and if any part of it will not ftretch but remaine
ftiffe and thicke, thereofthey make writing tables, whereon they write witha peafil ofiron
or Braffe, and afterward defaceand raceit out againe with a fpunge or linnen cloath:Here
ofalfo (I mean theskins of fheep) commeth the coueringes ofbookes; and ifat any time
they be hard, ftubborne, and ftiffe, then they foften it with the fheepes-fewetor tallow,
The bones of Sheep hae alfotheir vfe and employment for the hafting of knifes. The
Rhetiansofthe vrine of fneep do makeakind of counterfeit of Nitre. And Ruffi faith;
that ifa man would change any part of his Horfes haire,as on the forehead, take away the 29
black haires and put rhemrinto white,let him take alinnen cloth and wet it in boyling milk
of fheep, and putit fo whot vpon the place that he would Haue changed, fo oftentimes to-
ether til the haire comeoff witha lirtle rubbing, afterward let him wetthe famecloth in
cold fhéeps milke,anélay it to the placetwo.or three! daies together , and the bairewill
arifevery white, thus(iaith he:) and there are certain Ayes or mothes which are very hurt
fullto gardens,ifaman bang vp the panch of a fheepe,and leaue forthem a paffage or
hole into it,they will all forfake the flowers and hearbs, and gather into that ventrickle,
which being done two or threetimestogether, makea quit riddance of all their hurts, if
you pleafe to make an end of them. ;
The Swallowes take off from the backes of Sheepe flockes of Wooll, wherewithal the 30
rouident Birds do make their neftes tolodge their young ones after they bee hatched.
With the dung of Sheepe they compaffa and fat the earth, it becing excellentand aboue
allother dung neceffary fot the benifit and encreafe of Corne; exce pt Pigeons and Hens
dung whichis whotter,and the fandy land is fittefitobe amended with Sheeps dung, alfo
,pianrs and trees if you miagle therewith athes.» » ., pie ts *n |
> Now weare to proceed:o the gentle dif pofitionof Sheep, and to expreffe their inward
-quallities:and morall vfes,and-firft ofall confidering the innocency of this beaft,: I mar-
.uailefrons whence the Gartynian Cretean cuftome proceeded, which caufed adulterersfor
their punifhmentto ridethroughoutthe whole Citty crowned with Wooll,except that
fothey might fignific his tender and delicate effeminacysand therefore as fome arecrow- 4e
ned with goldin token ofvertue and valiantacts, fo vice(efpecially the wantonefle of the
- flefhsdefecueth tobecrowne d with wooll forthe loofeneffe and, beafilinefle thereof, not
becanfefuchacrownewas'a fufficiént punifhment, foran opprobry and continpall badge
-ofignomayseuenas forgerers and periured perfons ride with papers on theitheads,vp-
Iw
:onbarehorfe backs jan foforth.. ayo | DUI NCC dee
» By thebehauiour of Sheepeat their. rutting.ot ramming time the Sheapheardesob-
ferue cempzfts; raines,and change of weather. IE they be very lufifull and leape oftenvp-
-ontheir females, butifthey beflowand: backward; then is the poorenaked man glad,for
that hereby hee conceiveth hope ofa gentle, Wint er, and temperate weather. Alfo:ifin
gr
the endeof Autumne.they ftampe-yppon the grounde, with their feete,it berokeneth so
-hard weather, colde Winter, much Froft.and,Snow, about the time of the firt ry-
fing of the Plesades Or feauen Starres. Which thing is thus poetically expreffedby z4we-
ones oodligen ) »w 1071! Sith oft aaro m5 he 641 og I euent
iT esstiRaityibat vate veris 9 2 e509) 05 dnili0534 wee
be Le oe
wks
|
of the Sheep.
Si denid, terram,
Lauigera fodiant caput ant tendantur in arcten,
Cum madidus per marmoraturbidacondit,
Pleiadas cecafus,cum bruma in frigoracedit,
Frugifer Autumnus,ruet ethra concitus Imber.
Concetning the fimplicity of fheep, I muftfay more;andalfo of cheirinnocency yet the
fimplicity thereof is fuch, and fo much, that it may well be termed folly, or Animal inep-
1iCimum, for Ariftotiewriceth thus of it : Repit i deferta fine canfashyeme obftante ipfum fa-
pe egreditur flabulo, occupatum antue, niff paftor compulerit, abire non-vult, [ed perit defifiens,
nifimares apaftore ducantur ita enim veliquum rex fequitar. That is, Without cau[e it wan-
10 deteth into defer: places,andinthe winter time when the aireis filled with cold windes,
and the earth hardened with hoarefroftes, then itforfaketh aud goeth out of his warme
coate or fable, and beinginthe cold Snow, there it will tarry aod. peril, were it notior
the careof the heaphicard, for he taketh one oftheRams by the hornes, and drawerh him
in adoores, then doall the refidue followafter. They arealfovery obedient tothe veice
and'cal of the {heapheards,and tothe barking and cry oftheir Dogs, and noleffe is their
loue enetoward another, euery.way commendable, for one of them pirtiethaod forrow-
eth for the harme ofanother,and when the heate of Sunne offendeth them, Aibertwswri-
teth, that oneof thetninterpofeth his body to fhaddow the other.
Their dam or Ewe loueth her Lambe, and knoweth it by {meiling to the hinder pattes,
and ifatany time the dam do not loue or make reckoning of her young one,they giue hir
the Hearbe Penny wort or Water-wall to drinke in water, andthenas the Scholraft athir-
meth naturalaffe&tion increafech ia bir. Of the foolifhneffe of fheep, ther was au Emblem
to fignifieby aman riding vpon a golden fleece, oneruled by his feruant or wife
Tranat aquas refidens pretiofo ia vellere Pbryus,
Et flawam impauidas per mare {candit ouem.
Ecquid id efl ? vir fenfu hebeti fed dinite gaza.
Coningts aut ferui quem regtt arbitrium.
30 And therefore Atriffopbiges reprouing the ftolidity ofthe Athenians, calleththem fheepe:
And Origen writing vpon ZeuticusTaith:Onz immo atio affect usm flultorum, c trrationa-
biliam correctio. The facrificing and killing of fheep, is nothing elfe but the correction of
our foolifh and vnreafonable affeGions. We haue (hewed already in the ftory- ofthe goat,
ofa Goatthat nouri(hed a Wolues VVhelpes, which in the end. did deftroy her; andthe
felfefameis afcribed alfo to a (heep.
They obferue great loueand concord wich Goats, and liue in flocks together,and for roue and ha
this caufe it happeneth that moe goates are deftryed by VVolues then fheepe; forthatthe tredoffhcep
Goates forfaketüeir fellowes, and ftxaggle abroad for food, but the (heepe very fildome:
andit isobferuedthatifa VVolfekilla fheepe,andafterwardes any garments be made of
40 the wooll of that (heepe, they eafily and more fpeedily breed Lice and vermin then any
other, and alfo procure itchin the bodies of chem that weare them, whereof Cardan gi-
ueth this reafon : Hand uirum videri debet ouis pellem a lupo dilamat a pruritam monere gnam
629
Ariftotle
ab vehementem metam tum etiam ob contrariam maturam malt afficitur et [imer enim vltimi
fit [upplicium, magis tamen afficitur corpus in uno quam in altero genere, metuit bomo magis in
mari fluctnans quam coram boflibus. Tz ought not (faith he) moue any man to wonder that
the wooll of a {he ep torneafundet by a wolfe fhould beget and breed itch, for that afteGi-
onarifeth from both, from the vehemency of the feare before itbee dead throughthe
fight and fence of the wolfe.and alfo by reafon of a contrary nature that it is oppreffed and
deuoured by, and although death be thelaft panifhment, yet wefee diuers affeétions fol-
$? low dead carkafes after death, and as'a man is moreafraid of che fea when heis in perrill of
death therein, then of the face ofhis enemy, fo isitin this cafe, betwixt che Sheepeand
the wolfe.
The fame cardan afürmeth. thar fheepeare afraid of wolues cuen after death, for the
Wooll ofa fheepes skinne will fall of in the prefénce ofa Wolfe. Vato this fübfcribeth
Lil 3 Oppranis
e
Se ee ee
= Se ee = = - SSS
Se
= rs
Colins
"felues.
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Oppianus yox rather Albertus veceiued it from Oppianus, and furthermore (it is aid) thar
' if the ftringsof a Sheepes and Wolues guts be faftenedto one andthe fame inftrument,
they will neuer make good Harmony;aid furthemore ifa drummebe made ofa Sheeps
skinne, and another ofthe Wolues skinne, the drum of the Sheepes skinne williarreand
found vnpleafandy inthe prefence of the Wolues skin : but of thefe things I haue no cer-
taine erourids, onely I fay that there may be naturall reafon from the fubftanceand mat-
ter, both ofone and other, why this accident may chance without difcorde and hatred of
cachother;but from the difference and folidity of the mattersas for eximple,the guts ofa
wolfeare ftrongand hard,and wil abide greater ftrain then the guts of afheep, if there-
forethemufitian will ftrainethe onelike the other, it muft needes fly afunder : likewife the
skinwill giuea deeperandlowder found vpon a drum, by reafon ofthe fubftancethena
fheepes: and fo fome may ignorantly afcribe that differencetoan antipathy in nature,
forasa Candle in the prefence ofa great Torch or fire, giueth leffe light to the eye, fo
dotha drum made ofa Sheepes skin, leffe found tothe fence of hearing, intheprefence
of another thade of (tronger and harder beaftes skin : and to conclude, as atwirie thread
willnothold ftretching in the prefence,( I meanein comparifion ofa filke thread) al-
though it be of the fame quantity, euen fo will not a Lute ftring made of a Sheepes gut,
in comparifon ofanother made of out ofa Wolfe. But all the queftion is bow it com-
meth to paffe, that one of the skinnes hanged vp inthe prefenee of the other fhould bee
confumed before the other, that is a Sheeps skinneii the prefence of the Wolfes, asa,
Goofes skinne willloofe the feathers before theEagles. The anfwer is eafie,for the dry-
er thatthe body is, the leffe excremenrtall humor it conteineth, and fo wil laft thelonger,
andall wilde filueftriall beaftes are dryer then the tame, modern, and domefticall,as for
example, the Wolfe then the Sheepe, the Lyonthen the Dogge, the Pheafantthenthe
Cocke, the Zagle then the Goofe: and for thefe caufesthe skimnes of the one doe waft be-
As other; notfor feare or fecret oppofition, but for want of better enduring fub-
]tance.
The Poets do afcribe vntotheir Gods Zancos pedes, feet made of Wooll, for that they
come foftly and fuddainely without noyfe to. take vengeaunce vppon male-factors ; and
therefore when they diferibe Saturnetyed vp a whole yeare with bandes of Wooll, their
meaningis, to fhew how with patienee he forbare his wrath ang indignation. Bees are
enimies to Sheepe, andthereare no cattell that doe fo much inrich men as Sheepe and
‘Bees e ] i !
There isa ftory in Suidasand He/ychius, of one Cry[amis, who was very richin Sheepe
among ali the flocke, at laft he met with it and flew it; afterward the ghoft of the Eeleap-
eared to him in the night, warning him ( for feareof other harme /to fee him buryed.
‘Chryfamis negle&ed it, and therefore he and all his family perifhed. By which ftory I can-
not gheffeany other meaning, but that fome man ftole away his Sheepe, and for thathee
tooke vpon hima priuate reuenge, moft inhumanly fuffering himtolye vnburyed,and
fetting more by a beaft then the life ofa man,asa iuft punifhment of God he perifhed:and
thus I conelude this naturalland moral] difcourfe ofthe Sheepe with that fiction of E/op,
" who writeth that on a time asthe Sheapheardes were making merry ina cottage,and ea-
ting a Sheepe, the Wolfe came and lookedin, faying vnte them: Atqui ego fitamtum fa-
cerem, quantum eieretis tumultum. Y£T(houldeatea Sheepeas you doe, you would all rife
inan vprore : whichis fitcedagainft them that make good lawes and obferuenone them-
Of
RUE
OCT n
PSOE NNN
Rien can
Tee recs
20
30
in the I{land of Covs,and there came euery yeare an Eele and ftole away his beft Sheepe -
4°
50
| Of the Ram. AY 631
OF THE RAM.
(eset Auing thus made a general defcription of the fheepe, wherein we
UJ baucfpent no more timethen was fit and conuenient, we are nowe
Kg forced to the feueral {pecies and kinds, and firft ofal, orderand na- The feueral
i E
SS KS
v / names of
ture teacheth vs to difcourfe ofthe male, which in our Engli(h lan- Rams.
| € Ma NC den wider and Hammell, the Italians Montone,and Ariete ;the Spani-
guage is calleda Tupor Ramme, deriued I do not doubt from the
| French Raz, although alfo they call him Belier, the Germaines He-
| B ardes Carzero, the Heluetians Ramchen, the Grecians in auncient
| time Kyi0s, Artacha, Ceraffe, and now in thefe daies Kriare, the Hebrewes 4l, or Eel, the
| ~ Chaldees plurally Dikerts, che Arabians Kab/a, and the Perfians Nerameifch. Now con-
cerning the Greeke and Latinenames,there is (ome difference among the learned about
| their notation, Etymology, or deriuation; for although they allagree that Aries efl dux
| C maritus pecorum. yet they cannot confent from whatroot, flem, or fountaine;to fetch
| thefame. Z/dorus bringeth Artes ab aris, thatis, from the Altars, becaufe tbe facrififing
| of this beaft was among all other (hicepe permitted,and none but this except the Lambs. ;
|. Q4! Other deriue it of Aretes, which figaifieth vertue, becaufe that the {trength and vigor of
| fheepelyeth inthis aboue all other, for there isinhis hornes incredible ftrength, inhis
| mind or inward partes incredible courage and magnanimity, butthe trueft deriuation is
| fromthe Greeke word Arncios. ——— do PES Zw
| Some Latines call him alfo Nefrens, and plurally Wefrendes, for diftinGion from the
weather or gelded fheepe, for theftones were alfo called Nefrendes and Nebrundines and
| the Epithets of this beaft are horne-bearer, infolent, violent, fighting, fearfull, writhen, -
| {wift, wool-bearer, leaping, head-long, warriour, and in Greeke, mecke, gentle, and fa-
miliar,and is not known by the name C##/os,forthat it leadeth the whole flock tothe pa-
flures, and. backe againéto the foldes. And thus much may füffice for the namé and de-
monflratiue appellation of this beaft, now we will proceed forward to the other partes of
3° his ftory, not reiterating thofe things which it hath in commón with the fheepe alreadie
defcribed, but onely touching his fpecialland infeperable proper qualities.
Firft of all for the ele&ion of Rams fitto be the father of the flocke, and to generate Thechiefe
and increafe yflue, and therefore Varro and others call him Admiffarius Aries, a ftallion pror s *
Ram. They were woontto make choife offych an one from an Ewe that had brought
| foorth twinnes, for that itis conceiued, he willalfo multiply twins ; for firft in the choyfe
| ofa Ram they looke vnto hisbreed and ftocke from whence he is difcended, and then to
his formeand outward partes,as in Horfes, Oxen, Dogges, Lyons, andalmoft all crea-
| tures. There areraces and (tockes whichare preferred one before another, fo is it alfo
| 4ein Sheepe, and therefore require that he be Bons feminis pecus, a Ram ofa good breede,
| and next of the formeand outward parts ,althoughfome neuer look further then colour,
| but Collumellaaduifeth that his wooll, palate of his mouth, and toongue be all of one co-
lour, for if the mouth and tongue be fpotted, fuchalfo will be the yffueand lambes he be-
getteth, for wehaue fhewed you already, thatthe Lambe for themoftpart followeth the Palldius
colour ofthe Rams mouth, fucha Ram is thus defcribed by the Poet:
|- illum autem guamnis aries fit caudidua ipfe,
| Nigra {ub eft odo tantum eui lingua palato -
| ? Reyce, ne maculis infufcet vellera pullis
so Nafcentum. Av
And therefore forafmuch as the young ones do commonly refemble the father, and bear ibm
fome notes ofhis colour, let your Ram be allblacke or all white, and in no cafe party-co-
loured, and for the ftature and habite of his body let itbeetall and (traight, alarge belly,
hanging downeand well cloathed with wooll, a tailé very long and rough, a broad fore-
head, large ftones, crooked-winding-hornestoward his fnowt, hauing his eares couered
with
ee Se See ER
$ ^ he Fe E
* 4
d
I
-
!
vl.
I
i
Wi
73. The Hiftory of Fonre-footed Beafts.
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EE SAY
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m
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3°
Of the Ram. - Lx 6323
with wooll, alargebreaft, broad (houldersand buttockes, his fleece preffed clofeto his
body ,and the wooll not thin nor ftanding vp. And for the hornes, although inall Regi*
ons Rams hauenot hornes, yet for windy and cold countryes the great horned beaftes
aretobe preferred ; for thatthey are better able throughthat defenceto beare off winde (om:
and weather, yet ifthe climate be temperate and warme, itis better to haucaKam with-
out hornes,becaufethe horned beaft being not ignorant wliat weapons he beareth oni his
head, is apterto fight thenthe polde (nezpe; and alfo more luxurious among the Ewes,
forhe will not endure a tiuall or companion-hasbande, although his owne ftrength and
nature cannot couer them all: butthe pold Ram on the otherfide is notignorrnt how na-
o, kedand bare and vnarmd is his head,and therefore like a true coward;fleepeth ina whole
skin, being nothing fo harmfulto his coriuals, nor to the females, but well indureth part-
nerfhip inthe worke of gencration. | |
/^ "There is no beaftin the world that fomuch participateth with the nature ofthe funne | sip pms
asthe Ram, for from the autumnall Eqwinocf ium vnto the Vernall,as thefuünnkeepeththe 7 nc reiem-
righthand ofthe Hemifphere, fo:doth the Ram lie vpon his right fidesand in tiefammer ud be
feafon as the funnekeepeth the other hand ofthe Hemifphere, fo'doth the Ram lie vp- Wind, i03
pon his other fide. And for this caufe the Lybians which worfhipped Ammon, that is the
fun, did pi&ure him with a grearpair of Rams:horns.A'fo; although in the heauenly or. 2Zaerebins
celeftiall {phere or Zodiacke there be nothing firft os laft, yecthe Egyptians haue placed
3o the Ram in the firft place, for theyr Aftronomers affirme thatthey haue found out by di-
ligent calculation, that the fame day which wasthe beginning of the worldes light on the
face of the earth,then was the figne Aries in the mid {tof heaven, andbecaufe the middle
of heauen is at it were the crowne orvpper-moft part of the world, therefore the Ramme
-hath the fir(tand vppermoft place, becaufe itis an Equinodiall figne;making the dates |, ,
and nightes of equall length, for twice in the yeare doeth the funne paffe thoroughthat Se ce
figne;the Ramme fitting as it were iudge and arbiter twice euery yeare, betwixt the daye the Ram in
and night. : -etlow si, 159r. the Zediack,
Ther be poetical fi&ions how theram came into the Zodiake,for fome fay; that when Bae-
chusled hus army through the deferts of Lybia, wherein they weteall ready tóperi(h'for —'
water, there appeared to him 4 goodly ram, who fhewed hima moftbeaücifüll-aod plen- |... 1 gai
tifall fountain which releeued and preferued thetival; afterward Bacchus in rémembraniCe ons & ridies.
of that goodturn erected a Templeto Tupiter; Ammonius alfoiathat place ‘for fo quench
ing their thirft, placed there his Image wich Rammeshornes;and tranflated thatramme ,,.,. |;
jntothe zodiacke among the ftarres, that when the Sunne thould paffe rhrough that figa ci soon
all thecreatures of the world fhéuld be frefh, greeneand linely’, forthe fame caufe i. Flies gudomd--
he had deliuered himaná his hof from peri(hing by thirft; and made bim the Captaine
ofalltherefidue ofthe fignes; for that he was an able and wifé leader of fouldiorso Other
againetell the tale fomewhat different, fortbey fay, atwhattime’ Bacchus ruled Egipt,
there came to himone Ammon, a teat rich man in Affrica;giuing to Bacchas great ore
of wealth and cattellto procure fauour vnto him, and that he might be réckoned arvitiuen-
4° cer dflome things for requitall whereof Bacchas gaue him thé land of Thebes in Egyptto
>
keepe his fheepe and cattell; and afterward for that inuention, ‘he was pidured with rats
horhes on his headé; for ternetsbyanice that he brought the firft fheepe into Egypt, atid .
Bacchus alo placed the (igne ofthe ram ia heaven: Thefe arid'füch lkefióttónschereate ©
about all the fignes of heauen but the truer obfettiation and reafon wee hane(fhewed be-
foteoutotthe Egyptians learnióe; audtherefore I willceafe from any farther profeeneti-
emotthefefablge SIOT INT ABOU 2d 307 DOD 22 Du (3 29035213 9r!
“ioe They oughrtobe tio yeare old acleaft before youfutfer theth to ieytiéani copulation Dydomus
withthe Ewes;& fot two moneths before to bee feperatand fed»niorepteneifülly thenac eAriftatle
“othe# times, that fo-artheirreturnethey may more eagerly aiid perfectly Ailthe Bws:and
lares
! 2 Mad 2:2
5^ meriálfobeforecopulationj& atthe time thatthey aré'pérmitted in fonie Coutries they
“siuiéthem barly add mixe Ontons with their teat, and feede them witli ehe Hearbersale-
mons feale for allthéfe are vértioas to ftirre vp atid iheréafetheir nature: : And likewife
ontkind ofthe satyrivm and fale water, as we hauefaid in the diftourfe aforegoing. °°”
m Now; at the time oftheir copuldcion they háiiea peedliat Voice to ‘draw and sah their
Inch oxi tO 2nrg1052* i 17531 DQWOLO] SG OF SICEMICIQT ‘096 females
Moms
rs,
SS eee
SSS SSS
T
634. The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts,
females, differing from the common bleating, wherofthe poet fpeaketh: Blaterat hire as
vies, CH pia balat auti : This beafi may continue in copulation,and be preferued forthe ge:
neration of lambes tillhe be eight yeare olde; anditis their nature the elder they bee,to
feeke our fortheir fellowes the elder Ewes or females, forfaking the younger by a kind of
naturall wifedome. Now concerning the timeoftheiradmiffion to. copulation, althosh
Re. In fome places they fuffer them in April, & fome in Iune, thatfo they may be paftdaun-
ger before winter, and be brought forth in the Aucumne when the graffe after harueftis
{weet, butthe beftisin O&ob torthen the winter wil be ouerpaffed before the lamb com
We haue touchedit in the former Treatife,yet we muft adde fomewhat more in this place. -
forth of his dams beily.Greatis the rage of thefe beafts at their copulation,for they fight 10
irefuly til one of them haue the vi&ory ,& for this canfe Arrietare among the writers is a
word to expreffe fingular violence, as may apeare by thefe verfes : Arietat in portas C du-
vos obijce poftes, and Siluis of Dioxippus, Arietat in primos oby cit g,immania membra. And fo
Their ragein. 977064 in hisbooke of Anger. Magnozmperateri aretequamacies inter fe avietarent, cox exi-
Ramming
time,
luit :andindeed great is the violence of rams, for itis reported that many times in Rhatis
to try their violence, they hold becwixt the fighting of ramsa fticke or bat of Corne-tree,
which ina bourortwothey vtterly diminifh and brufe in peeces. There is a knowne fable
in Abffenius ofthe wolfe that founda coople oframmes,and toldthem that he muft,haue
one of them to his dinner,and bad them agree betwixt themfelues, to whofe lot that death
fnould happen, fer one ofthem muft die; the two rams agreedetogither, that che wolfe 20
fhould ftand in the middle of theclofe, and thatthey twain (hould part one into one cor-
‘ner,and the other into the other corner of the field, and fo com running to thewolfe, &
hethat camelaft (hould loofe his life to the wolues mercy 5 the wolfe agreed to this their
deuice,and chofe his ftanding, while the rams confented with their hornes, when they
~-camevpon hin) to make him fure ingugh from hurting any more (heepe: forth therfore
. went the rams, each of them vato his quarter, one intothe Haft, and the other. intothe
weft,the wolfe ftanding ioyfully in the midft, laughing atthe rams deftruétion, then be-
an the two rams to fet forward with all their violence, one of chem fo attending and ob-
-‘feruing the other, as thatthey might both meet togither vpon the wolfe,and fo they did
-with vengeance to their enimy for bauing him betwixt their horns, they cru(hed hisribs 30 |
. "inpieces,and he fel down without ftomack to rams fleth. This inuention(althoghirltaue
another morrall, yet it is material to be inferted in this place to thew the violence of rams,
MV -and from this came fo many warlike inuentions called Arietes,wherwithal they pufh down
warlike inue, the wals of citties,as the Readers may fee in trains ,Valturnis and Ammianus for they
tions called » fay chat the warlike ram was made of wood,& couered ouer with fhels of Tortey/es,to the
Rammes
sintentit (hould not be burned when it was fet co,a wall, and it was alfo ‘couered with the
«skins offacke-cloath by towes artificially, contrived, within the fame was a beame which
was pointed witha crooked yron, and therefore calleda ram, or rather becanfe the front
; was fo bard that it querthrew wals,when by the violent ftrength of men it wasforced vp-
'_on them jand.wheras it was fhaped ouer with Tortoife thels, it was for the true refembláce 40
oit-bare therewith; for likeasa Torteife doth fometime put forth his ead, and again fom-
etime pullitin, fo alfo doth the ram fometime put forth the fickle;and fometime pulitin;
=
Land hideitwithin the frame, fo that by-this engine theyidid not overturn the wals,buc.als
© fo they cawled the ftenesto (lie vpon the enimies like tbunder-bolts;. ftriking them down
- of euery fides and wounding with their fal or ftroke like che blowes ofan atméd man;and
- again(Ethefeforces there were.counter-forces deuifed.on the part ofthe befieged; for bé-
caufethe greatnes thereof was fuch asit could not be moued without fingular noteand o-
ftentation, it gape the beficgedtimeto oppofe again(tit.their inftruments ofwar fortheir
» sfafegard; fachwerecalled.Culeitre, Laquei, Lupi ferrum mad elikea paire of ton gs; wher-
! by as Polycrat writeth, many times it came to,pafie; thar, when the wall was ouerthrowne
othe enimies durftnot enter, faying.: Cerlebastes [ponte ab obfeffis defirutta maenia metu-
entes ingrodiin orbem non. andebant..Andthus mych, forthe forceof rams both their.crue
“and naturall ftrength,and alfo tbeirartificial imitation by men,N ow onthe otherfide the
wife (hepheards wantnortideuifes.to xeftraine the wrath of thefe impetious beafls, For E-
picharmus the-spracufaniaich, ifther be aholeboredinthebacker part of his crooked horn
meer his eare, it is very profitable to be followed, for feeing thathe is captaine of the flock,
5°
"a ten
Ofthe Ram. —.. | 25
and that heeleadeth all the refidue, it ismoft neceffary that his health and fafeguarde be
principally regarded, and therefore the auncient fhepheards were woont to appoint the
captaine of the flocke from the primeand firft appearance of his hornes, and to giue him
his name, whereof hetooke knowledge and would leade and goe before thei at the ap-
pointment and direétion of his keeper.
When he isangry he beateth the ground with his foor,and they were woont'to hange
a boord ofa foote btoadjwhercin were drouen many fharp nailes with the porntstoward
| the head, fo that when thebeafte didofferto fight, with his owne force he woundeth his
| forehead. They were wontalfo to hange a fhrimpe at the horne of the ram, atid thenthe
|. xo Wolfewill neuer fet vpon their flockes. EE Mortal vied
| And concerning their hornes whichare the Noble(t pares oftheir body moft regar- of :amshorns
| ded, yerl muft{peake more, for there was wontto be every yeareamonge the Indians a e4elsanus
| fight betwixt men, wilde beatts, bulles,and tame rams: and amurtherer inauncient time
| was wontto be put to death by a ram, for by art the beaft was fo inftructed, neuer to leaue
| him till he had dafhed out his braines. | :
Itis reported ofa rams hornes confecrated at Delos, broghtfrointhe coafts of thered ^ baat
| fea, thatweighed twenty and fix poundes, being two cubits, and eight fingers in length.
There was a ramin theflocks of Pericles, thathad but onehorn, wherupon when Lampon
the poet had looked, he faied : Ex duabus qua in vrbe vigerent fattiombus fore vt alteraob- (alins L4
| ac feurataadevmum periwlemyapud quem-vifum foret portentum refideret ciuitatis potentia, That
whereasthere were two contrary-raging-fa&ions inthe citty, it fhould happen that Pert-
eles from whofe poffeflions that monfter came, (huld obfcure the one, and take the whole
| gouernment ofthe citty. | H Cardani
Itis reported by Ra/is and Albertus, that ifthe hornes ofa rambee buried inthe earth,
they will turne into thé hearbe fperrage,for rottenneffe and putrifa&ion is the mother
of many creatures and hearbes.- There was as 472//o£le réporteth in bis wonders, a childe
borne with a rams head-and itis affirmed by 04/4, that Medea inclofed an old: decrepite
ramme in abrazen veffell, with certaine kinde of medicines, and afterwards at the ope-
ning of the faide vefiell, fhe receiued a young lambe, bred vpon the metamorphofis of
his body. *mit Li M
: Concerning Phrixws, whereof wee haue fpoken in the former part of our difcourfe of
the theepe, there is this ftory.He was the the fonne of Athaman,and Nepheles : Afterward Tied te
his mother being dead, he feared the treachery of his mother in law, and flep-dame Jus, PR uid
| and therefore with his fitter Helle; by the confent of their father, he fwam ouer a narrowe the ram with
| arme of the fea vpon thebacke ofaram, carrying a golden fleece,whichbefore that time 2 taux
| his father had beftowed vpon him. gol
| His fifter Helle being terrified with the great roaring of the Water, fell off from the
| rams back into the fea, andthereof came the name of Helle/ponte, of Helle the Virgin,and
Pontus the fea, buthe came fafely to Colchis to king Hetes, where, by the voice ofa Ram
4° who fpakelikea man, hee was commaunded to offer and dedicate him to lüpiter, furna-
| med Phryxws, andalíothat golden Reece was hanged up and referued inthe Temple of
| Colchis vntill rafon by the helpe.of Medea aforefaid, did fetch it away, and the ram was pla -
| cedamong the ftars in his true (hape, and was called Phrixeus, of Phrixws, who was the
| father of the Phrygian Nation,
| Of this fabulous tale, there are many explications and conie&turall talesamong the ler-
| ned, not vnprofitableto bee rehearfed in this place, Celias and Palapharus{ay, thatthe
| ram was a (bip, whofe badge wasa ram, provided by Athaman for his fonne to faile into
Phrygia: and fomefay, that Aries wasthe name ofa man that washis fofter-father, by
whofe counfell and charge he was deliuered from the ftep-mother zzz. Hermiolaus,
so Other fay that there was a booke of parchment made ofarams skin, containing the
perfe@ way to make golde, called A/chymye and that thereby Phrixws gotaway. But in
| Athens there was referued the ymage of this Phrixus, offering the ram (vpon whichhee NOE ns
| was borne ouer the Sea) tothe God Laphy/fiws: and whereas there are in Colehz certaine Ras
| riuers out of which there is gold growing and oftentimes founde, whereuppon fome of The fi eec
| them haue receiuedtheir name, as Chry/orrhoa and the men of that country fayed tobee 9f Colchis
= ————
—
€—ÓÓ———n€—— e
DM
"Apollonittts 5.
| greatly
"Tranfmuta-
%
z
n Vierodoins
Strabo,
Rams amog
Gyraldus,
Pliny.
Sacrificingof N
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
greatly intiched thereby, they gauéoccafion ofal the poeticall fictions aboutthe golden
ficece. There arein fome places of Atfricke certaine (heepe, whofe wooll hath the co -
lour of gold, andit may be, that from this occafion camethe talkeof golden fleeces. It
is faid that when Atrews raigned in Pelopomefus, hecvowed to Diana the belt whatfoeuer
fhou'd bebrought foorth in his flocke, and it fortuned thatthere was yeaned a golden
Jambe, and therefore he negle&ting his vow did not offer it, but (hut it vp in his cheft. Af-
terward when he gloriedand boafted of that matrer, his brother Thryffes greatly enuied
him, and counterfetting loue tohis wife Aerope, recciued from her the golden lambe.
Then being in poffefsion thereof, he contradi&ed Mtrew beforethe people, affirming
that he that had che golden Lambe ought to beking, and to raigne among them,and fo
layed awager of the whole gouernmentor kingdome thereof with trews,whereunto he
yeclded, but zupiter by Mercury difcouered the fraud, and fo Thyeffes took him to flight
andtheJambe was commaundedtobee offered to the funne, and fo I conclude this dif-
.courfe with tlie verfes of Marziall :
Mollia Phryxei fecuifli colla mariti
Hoe meruit. tunicam qui tibi f epe dedit.
Aud feeing that I hane entered into the difcourfe of thefe poeticall fables, or rather Rid-
tion of rams. dles which feeme tobee outwardly cloathed with impofsibilities, I truftthatthe Reader
will giue meelcaue a little to profecute other Narrations, as that Weptune transforming
himfelfe into a ram, deceiued and deflowred the Virgin Bi/abps, and the auncients when
they fwore in 1eft and merriment were wont to fweare by aRam ora Goofe. Whenthe
Gyants waged warre with the Goddes,all ofthe Gods(as the poets write)took vnto them
. feuerall formes, and Iupiter the forme ofa ram,whezeof Ouid writeth, he was called Iupi-
ter Ammonius :
Vnde recuynis
Nunc quod, formatis lybis eft cum cornibus Ammon.
There be fome that fay that at what time Hercules defired very carneftly to fee Jupiter,
whereunto he was very vnwilling, yet hee cut off aramsheade, and pulled off his thicke-
woolly-rough-skinne, and put it vppon him, and fo in that likenes appeared to Hep cules,
and for this caufe the Thebanes to this day doe not kill rams, but {pare them like fanétified
thinges, except one oncein a yeare, whichthey facrifice to Jupiter,and fay, that Jupiter
was called Awmonius aries, becaufe that his anfweres were mifticall, fecret and crooked,
likea rams horne.
ow concerning the facrificing of rams, we knowthat God himfelfe in his word, per-
mitted the fame to the people of the Iewes; and therefore it cannot bee but materiall for
! the Gentiles vs to adde fomething alfo to the difcourfe before recited in the ftory of thefheepe. The
gentiles when they facrificed a ram, they roafted his intrals vpona fpitteor broach, and
to
20
39
there were certaine daies offacrifice called Dies Agonales, wherein the principal ram of e+ —
uery flocke after combate or fighting was flaineand facrificed for the fafegard ofthe refi-
due to Janius,and others by theking :
! Ita vex placare [aerorum .
Numina lunigera coniuge debet Ouis.
There was at Tanagruma ftatue of Mercury,carrying a ram (and therefore he is called Kre-
phoros Hermes and by that name was wor(hipped ofallthe Tawagreans. Now there was
acunning workeman of Calamzis that made that ftatue, for they fay, that when the Citty
was greeuou(ly afflicted witha peftilence, Mercury by carrying aram about the wals, de-
liuered the fame,and thercforethey did not onely procure that ftatue. for Mercury, but
alfo ordained that euery yeare oneof their moftbeautifull young men fhoulde carry a
* fheep on his (houlder round aboutthe wals. In January they facrificed to Iupitera ram;
andin February a Weather. P//zy writetha flange Riddle whichis this. Cimmamommum
in Aethiopia gignitur, ned, metitur nifi permiferit deus. There is Cinamon growing in Ethi
opia, and yetit is not reaped by men, except the God thereof gaue permifsion or leaue,
wherby fome vnderftand Iupiter whom they called sabia, andthe Latins A/fabinus. Now
pliny faith, that ifthey had facrificed forty and foure Oxen, Bucke-goats and rams, with
their intrals,they purchafed Jeane to gather that Cinnamon. r
| When
5°
OF the Ram.
When the Romans obferued their solz-Taurilia, they facrificeda Bul,a Goat, aramme,
and aBore,but vnto Jupiter they held it notlawfull to offer a ram. 7yffes offered to Nep-
tuneaRam,aBull and a Boare, and to conclude this difcourfe of che rams facrifices, I
findea ftory worthy the noting, recorded by Panlus P'enetus, although itbee altogether
fuperftitious and fullof humane blindneffe and error.
There isa Citty of Tartary called Sachion, the inhabitants whereof are Mahometanes
and ydolaters,as fodne as any of them haue afonne borne, hee prefently commendeth
himto one ydolstuytion and protection or ether: and that year together with his young
fonne henourifheth a ram tamed in his ownehoufe : at the yeares end, he offereth his fori
Xo and theram ar the next feftiuall day of that ydoll which he hath chofen; that is, he prefens
teth his childe andkilleth his ram,with greatfolemnity and ceremony in the prefence of
allhis kindred, friends neighbors, and acquaintance, and maketh earneft requeft to that
ydollto,prote& his fonne, andto.guide and gouerne him all the time of his life; and ther
fore he hangeth vpthe fle(h ofthat ram in his pre fence, and afterwarde they take away a-
gainethe fame flefh and carry it toanether priuace fle(h, wherewiththe faid father and al
the kindered aflembled do makea great and rich featt, referuing the bones for' religions
fake: And thus we fee how miferable men beguiled with error,do not onely make fhewof
falfe religion, butalfo play the Hippocrites in that which is erroneous, thinking itan eafie
thing todeceiue Almighty God. ws paci vd
20. Concerning other thinges oframs ,they concurre with that which is faid already of
fheepe in generall, except their medicinal partes, which I will referueto the due place:
And heerein adde one thing more of thehornesofthe Rh«rias rams, and in fome'places
of Italy, namely that after they be fiue,fix,or feuen year old,they bring forth vnder their
» great hornes two other little hornes, and that thefe rams are weake of body, ;
| and haue but rough and courfe wooll.In other places if atany ...:::
time they chaunce to beare mo hornes then twost is pro- :
jh ‘yy ; digious and vnnaturall. And thus |
Hola vlisisisst ‘much ofthe
| Ram.
637
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ift.
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Onde pie gem ae
Lthough:his beaft haueallchings in common with the ram
aforefaid, for he isamale-{heepe,and fmnature differeth not
from him,butonly by the Artof man,Imight very webhaue
confounded and conioynedhis ftory'withthe precedent :
but feeing tharal Nations do diftingui(h him fromtheram,
fit for generation, I wil follow the ftreame, and not ftrive a-
gainft my Authors, nor {warue from their method, There-
fore inlatin itiscald Ferwex quaff verfamatura,for that his na-
=" € à] tural feed’ is changd & turnd in him foris ftones aretaken
away;andfohe remaineth libbed and gelded,being an Eunuch among beafts. The Gree-
cians call him Xrion Tomian, that is, agelded ram ,for they hauenotone wordto expreffe
him: The Latins doalfo cal him SeZfarizs,and Feffu rendreth thisteafon thereof, Quia e-
xin fequanguin agni, becaufethelitde lambs loue his company and follow him: and itideed
by reafonofhis vnaptneffeto generation, the Ewesforfake his company; and therams
"cannot ehidure him, thereforeinftead of other he affociateth himfelfe with thelambes.In 2e
fome parts of Germany they callhim Frifchling and allo Hamel, which word feemeth
to bé deriued from the Arabian word Zefaz Alhamell, axams tonge: The Italians-cal him
Gaftrone, Cuftrato, and Mentone the French Meaton;and the Illyrians Beram. .
Concerning the gelding of rams or making of Weathers, I hauénot much moreto
fay, then that which is already expreffed in the generall cra&tate of the fheep, and for the
manner I do refer the Reader,not onely to that part, butalfo tothe difcourfe of the calfe
andOxe, wherein I truft he fhall finde fatisfa&tion forthis point, whether he will do it by
aknife, by reed, by finger, or by hammer; for all thofe waies are indifferently proponed.
The befttime for the gelding of rams, oughtto beinthe waine or decreafe of the moone
at fiue months old, fo ashe may neither be troubled with extreamity of cold or heat. And $
iit benotlibbedatthat age, but prolonged ill two,three, or foure yeare old, wee haue
fhewedalready the Englifh manner for knitting of rams.
Being thus libbed or knit;their hornes grow not fo great as the other males vngelded,
but their &efh, andlard, or fewet is moreacceprabléthén of any other fheep w hatfoeuer,
except they be over old,for that it is neither{o moift asa lambs;nor yetío rankasarams
or Ewes, where Baptiffe Fiera made thefe verfes » -
Anniculus placeat vel fa feme teflibus agno,
pinginox eft hordoqum calet ollavores.
Hunc anno [e duriper paféua montis anhelat. 4
Maluero, fs anvt villere dines erit.
platina alfo writeth thus ofthe fleth of Weathers, Veruecem caro fatis falubris efl e melior
quam agnina calida enim e bumida babetur ,Ád temperamentum tendeus,illavero plus humi-
ditatis quam ealiditatis habet, That is to fay : The fleth of Weathers is wholfomeynough,
and better then the fleth of Lambés, beéaufe it is hot aud moift, but that hath in it mere
moifture then heat, and therefore thistendeth toa better temperament. Mun/fer writeth,
thatthe inhabitants and people of Valuw take this fleth of Weathers and faltit afterward
dry itin the ayre where no fmoake may come vntoiit ; afterward they lay it vp in ftrawe,
and{o holdit much more delicate then that whichis raized in thefmoake. ge
Asthefle(h of thefebeaftes groweth the better for their gelding, becaufe they liue
mote quietly and pea ceably, for that their fore-heades grow weake and tender and their
hornsímal,fo alfo it is reported that their tailes grow exceeding large and fat. Infome
Regions, as in Arabia Felix and other places, and becaufe the report fhould not feeme
feined by me, will deferibe it in the Authours owne words , Pauls Venetus writeth thus
‘ of
becaufe ofone'property or defe& in him for that hee is not 1o
-
9
“a
E. | Of the weather fheepe.
of the Weathers of Seyrhid,and in the region Camandu fubiedtto the great Tartar. in Tar-
tavia regione Camandu vrietes non minores afinis [unt, cauda tam longu C late vt triginta
librarum pondus equent. In Camandu a territory of Tartariathercare Rams like Afles; in
| fatureand quantity, whole tailes arefo long and broad, that they ballance in waight thir-
| ty pound. artoman writeth. Im edibus regis Arabum fuiffe prapingus veruecem ,euus cauda
| adeo obe[a fuit vt libras quadragimta appenderet , C propi Reame vrbem Arabie 'foelicis, verue-
| cum genera reperiuntur quorum caudam apimaduerti pondo e[fe librarum quadragintu quatu-
| or carent cornibus, adeog,effe obefi ce pingues vt vix incederepoffunt. Circa Zcclam vrbe
Aethiopia verueces non mulli ponderafiffumas trahunt eaudas ,vtpote pondo fedccim librarum.
xo. Hiscaput C collum nigricant, ceteris albi funt. Sunt etiam verueces pror[us albicantes,quo-
| rum cada cubitatis eff. longitudinis modo eluborate vitis,palearia vt bubus à mento pendent ;
que bumum prope verrunt. Thatistofay, Inthe houfe of the King of Arabia, there was a
| Weather very fac, whofe taile waighed forty pound, andneare vnto Reamia, a Citty in
| Arabia Foelix, thereareabreedor race of Weathers, whofe tailes for the moft part wai-
| | edfourcandforty pound. They wanthornes, and are fo fat that they can fcarcely go. Al-
| foabout the Citty Zeela in Aethiopia, the Weathers drawlong tailes, waighing fixteene
pound. Whereof fomehaue their headsand necke blacke, and allthe other parts of their
| body white, fome of them againe al white, hauing ataile but ofa cubit long likea curious
and planted Vine, their creftes and haire hanging fromtheir chinne to the grounde.
20 Thus farre ofthe Arabian Weathers.Of the Indians hee writeth thus in another place.
Circa Tana [uri vrbem India tanta efi pecudum copia «vt duadeni veruices fiigalo aureo vane-
unt. Cenfpieinntur illic veruetes alij , cornua hand ab fimilia dams habentes, noftris longe ma-
fores fevociare[que.. Cande veruecem in perigrinis regionibus tanta [unt, quantus nullus apud
nos veruex. Contingit hoe quia butindifmum hoc animal, cj inter quadrupedia frigidifimum
parumque humida natura velut pifces [emper incrementa apta funt. "Nhat is, About the cit-
ty Tarnafar in Indiathereis füch great plenty of cattell, that they fell welue Weathers
fora noble, and yetthereare Weathers which haue hornesliketothe hornes of Deere,
being longer, greater, and fiercer then our Rams, and their tailes in forraign and ftrange
30 countries are fatter then any VVeathers among vs 5 and the reafon hereof is, becaufe it is
the moifteft and coldeft creature among al foure-footed beaftes : and bycaufethe bones
cannotbe enlargedto recciue that moyfture,and leaftthacit (hould deftroy the beaft by
exuperance and aboundance, therefore nature hath prouided this remedy to fendeit
forth intotheraile, whereby in flefh and fat it groweth exceedingly, the bones and nerues
whereof are nota itle extended, for they are alfo ofa moiftaature like fifhes, and there-
foreaptto encreafcand grow immeafurably. |
Thus muchfay they ofthe tailes of Weathers, now I know fuch is the folidity of diuers
Readers & people;that for thefe reports, they wil prefently giueboth thefe Authors and
| me the Whet-ftone for rare vntratbs and fi&ions; I donot maruaile, for {uch /I dareaf-
| fure my felfe) doe not beleeue allthe miracles of Chrift, hauing fhorte and fhallow con-
? ceiptes, meafuringallthingsby their owne cies, aud becaufe they themíelues areaptto
lye for their profit, therefore they are not afhamed tolay like imputations vppon honeft
| men, yet I could (hew vnto themgs great or greater wonders in our ownenation (if they
| * — were worthy to bee confuted,) for which other nations account vsas great liers (nay as
| thefeinfidell fooles) do them and yetthey are commonamong vs,"
The vfe ofthe feuerall parts of this beafl,is no other then that which is already repor-
ted of the (heep and Ram,and therefore I will not ftand to repeatethat which isfo lately
related, and for the remedies or medicinal vertues;T fynd few that are fpecial exceptthofe
which are common between this and orher of his kind. It feemeth by Plawtus that a Wea-
_ therfheep is accounted the moft foolith ofall other,a coward and without courage, for
fpcaking of a niad dotifh fellowhewriteththus : Egoex hac flatua veruecea, volo crogitare,
meo minore quod fit fact um filio, That is,! will demaund of this blockifh weathers pi&ure,
(meaning his foolifh feruant) what isbecome of my younger fon.
Thefe were among the Pagans fac rifyced,but not among the Tewes,for they haue not fo
much asa name for it, &it is probable that feeing it isan vnperfect beaft,God forbadeir
Mmm 2 into
cumá, cetera e[fa vetendimequeant ne pinguedine immen[a,extenfis etiam aftbus e Beruis non
2
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Aviftotle
Aelianus
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
to his fan&uary: wheathegentiles brought a Lambatthe fide ofa Weather to be facrifi-
ced, they called them Ambegni,and{o alfo a Lamb and an Oxe. Alciatus maketh this pret-
ty emblem ofa Weather which witha Hedghogis the armes of Mallaine, wherewithal
I will conclude this difcourfes
Bituricis veruerx, Heduis dat fueulaffgnum.
Ais populis patrie debita origo mee eff.
Quam Mediolanum facram dixere puella
Terram snam vetus hoc Gallica lingua fonat.
Culta minerwa futt , wane eft obi numine Tecla to
Mutato matris virginis ante domum.
Laniger huicfanum fus eft, animal g, biforme.
Acribus hine fetis, lanitioinde leui.
OF THE LAMBEb
: == He Lambe is diuerfly tearmed by the Hebrewes, as is al-
ready fhewedin the ftory ofthe fheep, ('infome part) and
now more particularly, seh fignifieth a Lambe, Ke/eb and
Kebes a Lambe ofa yeare old, alfo Ged;, according to the
opinion of Dauid Kimbi,in Greeke Arniow,and Arza,and 29
Amnos ,andatthis day Arni,the Italians 4ewa, Agno,dg-
nello, the Spaniards Cordero, the French Agneaw, and Ag-
Mmm acletythe Germans Zamb and Lamblein, and as the firfk
562217, K | ©) year we callitin Englith a Lamb,fo the fecond yearahog
) ES m ©) | Lam-hog, or Teg if it bea female, the third yeare Hog-
rils and THeaues : the Latins call it Agnus, of the Greeke
word Agnoscafius quia eft hoftia pura ef immolationi apta. That is, chaft forthat a Lambe is
pureand cleane, and fit for facrificing,
Andthe common epithits exprefüing thenature ofthis beaftarethefe, rough yearling,
weake, vnripe, fucking tender, butting, fat, milke-eater, merry, fporting, bleating, affa- 30
ble or gentle,field-wanderer, horne bearer, hotne-fighter, vnarmed, vulgar, wooll-skin-
ned, wooll-bearer, wanton, mceke, delicate,and fearefull : and all thefe arethe epithets of
amale Lamb, but of the female I find thefe following; dumb, fnow-white,neate, young,
fearefull, blacke, tame, humble,and tender, andthe Graecians Hedypnous ,becaufe of the
{weet fmellthat is found in them when they are young and fucke their dams.
We read that the Lambs of Affrick, boch males and females are yeaned with horns, the
reafon whereof is (hewed in another place,and it isa common and natural thing to them
all as foone asthey are fallen out oftheir dams belly, they prefently leape and run about
Of the meck their dams, and alfo learneto know them by whom they are nouriíhed, according to the
difpofition of fa ying of Lutretius: Pratreateneri tremulis vocibus hoedt, 40
Lambes,
, Corniferas norunt matres, agnid, petulti.
S. Ambrofe writeth thus ofthe inclination ofa Lambe to his mother, and the loue of her
milke. Agnus /implictffimus ouium recogno[cit vocem parentis, cum amatre quandod,aberrat s
frequenter eam balatu excitat multi[d, licet veretur in millibus onium cf» feftinat ad eam nam
quamttis cibi ci pontus defiderio tenetur tran[currit tamen aliena vbera Jecet humore lactis gra-
usda exundent [alui[d, materm lactis fontes requirit. The Lambe is a moftfimple beaft, and
erreth many times from his mothers fides, hauing no other meanesto prouoke his mo-
ther to fecke him out but by bleating, for in the middeft of a tpoufand fheep it difcerneth
the voice of his parent, and fo hafteneth to her when it heareth her; for fuchis thenature
of this poore beaft, that although there bee many other Ewes which giue fücke, yetthey $°
paffe by al their vdders to taft of their mothers fountains,8¢ the Ewe knoweth her y oung
one by {melling to the backer part:the lamb al the while it fückech waggeth & plaieth with
the tail. When the lamb is newly falen, fora day or two in fome countries they put them
vp clofeinto a fable fora day or twoor three, till they grow ftronge, andare well filled
with Milke and know their dammes, and fo long as the Rams feede withthe femalesthey
; | keepe
|
e T Of the Lambe.
keepe inthe Lambes, that fo they may bee cleate diyand night fromall violence of the
Rammes,for at night they lodge fingle and alone by their dams fides. The like regardis
to behadifthey doe not fucke their mothers, they muft annoint their lips with butter
or Hogges-greafeand milke, and for two monthes after their yeaning it is not goodto
fob them of any milke, but fufferthem to fucke all thas their dammes can breede, for fo
their Lambes will grow more ftronge, andalfo their Wooll more fine. And whenthey
are tobe weaned they muft firft ofall bee brought out of loue of their mothers milke,
leaft after their feparation they laaguifh, and loofe all natural ioy, whereby they are ne-
#! uerlikelyto come to good: afterward let them be hearded or droue tofielde, butafter
1o their yeaning itis profitable when they are aweekeolde to giue them falt, and fo the fe-
cond timeafter they be fifteene daies old. Itisneuer goodto nourith the firfling or firfk
Lamb ofan Ewe, forthatcommonlythey are weaker and moretender then any other,
! but the beftro benourifhed aretwins. ay
They arealfo the bef¥and ftrongéit which are bredin the {pring time, and much fatter,
and more able then thofe which ate yeaned in the Autumne, And yetthere arefome
that affrme,that they which are bred inthe Winter are fatter then thofe which are bred
in the Summer, for ifftrength of nature bee able to lime out the Winter at the firft yea-
ning, much more willthey beableto endure when they are elder, in the firft fucking of a
Lamb, thebeeftinges muftbe milked out,for they are apt to fal into many difeafes, firch
ose asare already mentioned in the difcourfe of the Sheepe;generally to preferue them in
health, they giue them Iuy when they are vexed with an Ague,& feparate them from the
Ewes, leaft by fucking they infeé their mothers, then muftthey bee milked alone, and Demecritia
their milke mixed with raine\Water, and fo giuen tothe ficke Lambe, and if they wil not
take it willingly, then infufeitinto herthroate with ahorne, andifthey bee troubled with
fcabs,take Hyfope and falt, of eachan equall quantity, and ifthe mouth bee broken out
and bliftered, then rub the afli€ted place therewith, afterward wafh them with vineger,
and then annoint them with liquid Pitch and hogs greafe; there muftalfo bea care.had to
keepethemfrom Lice? ato PET ie ZL et
-Concerhing the vfe oftheir feueral parts, we haueálready fhewed in the ftory of fheep,
o and therefore wee néede not profecute itin this place. Their skins are fitter to.cloth men,
then the skins of theirdatns, and therefore the Hzbrewes fay thatthey are firteft for the
garments of young tien, for they eacreale their'ftrength and naturall vigor: The skin-
ners make great account of thefe Lambes-skinnes, and vfethemfor the lyninges of many .
garments,fuch as ate killed they call the skins offlaughter-Lambs, The beft are brought
outof Italyand Apzlra,and al thofeparts which are beyond Rome. Narbon, and Spaine
yeald plentiful ftore of black Lambs.andthcir skins are fold by Marchants:and white skins
are plentifullin England. . VPN |
Their fle(h is nourifhable and conuenient for foode, but yet inferior to weather mut-
ton, for that it containeth more moyfturethen heate. "To conclude this difcourfe of the
Lambe;the greateft honourthereofis for that itpleafed God to call his bleffed Son our
© Saviour by thename of a Lamb in the old Teftainent,a Lambe for facrifice; & in thenew
Teftament, ftyled by Iohn Baptift,the Lambe of God that taketh away the finnes of the
world . There isa prouerbin Greek, Arneia foi lelaleken agus tibi lecutus eff. & Lamb hath
fpoken this vnto yotjand it wasa prouerbiall {peech to expreffea diuine reuelation of
fome bufineffe, that men cannot attaine vtto by ordinary and common meanes, becaufe
either it is concealed, or elfeit concerneth thingestocome. Foritis reported by Swidas
that once in Egypt there was a Lambe that fpake with amans voice, vpponthe Crowne
of his head was a regall Serpent hauing VVinges, which was foure cubits long, and this
Lambe fpake of diuers future euents. A
The like is aid of another Lamb that fpake with a mans voice,at whattime Romulus and
Remus werebornes and from thefe miraculous enents, came that common proverb: and
fo for this ftory I will conclude with the verfe of Valerius : A/pena nuncpauidos contra ruit
aenaleones. Thereisin Moftonia nere volga , a certaine beaft of the quantity and forme of
a little Lamb, the peoplecall it Boranz,and it is reported by stgifmundus inhis defcripti-
on of Mo/couia, that it is genetated out of the earth like a reptile creature, without feede;
with dam without copulation,thusliueth alitle while and neuer ftirreth far from the place
it isbredin, I mean it isnotable to moue it felfe, but eateth vp al the graffe & green things
thatit can reach,and when it can find no more,then it dyeth. Mmm 3 OF
Ens
"ew UT Dr
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xum =—
ae
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts. *|
OF THE MVSMON..
Jr
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LLL EI
Fo ELLE
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Vda
Wy Az
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20
Z3 Hauethought good to teferuethis beaftto this place, for that
it is a kind of fheepe,and therefore of natural rightand linage
belongethto this ftory, for itis not.vnlike a fheepeexceptin 30
the wooll which may rather feeme tobe the haire of a Goate;
and this is the fame which the auncients did cal Vmbriea oues,
Vmbriam fheepe;for that howfoeuer in haire it diffreth from
fheepe, yet in fimplicity and other inward giftes it commeth
AN WCA nearer to thefheepe. Strabocalleth it Mw/z , yet the Latines
I | call it Ma/szzop.. Thisbeaft by Cato is cald an Affe,andfom-
times a Ram, and fometimesa Mufmon. The pi@ure which heere wee haueexpreffed, is
taken from the fight of the beaft at Caen in Normandy, and was afterward figured by The-
édorus Beza. Munfter in his defcription of Sardinia remembreth this beaft ( but he faith)
that it is fpeckled, whereat I do not much wonder, feeing that he confeffeth that he hath 4o:
al that he wrotethereof, by the Narration ofothers. _
Some fay itisa horfe ora mule, of which race there are 2.kinds in Spaine, called by the
Latines Afuxcones, for they are very {mall ;but I do not wonder thereat, feeing that thofe
little horfes or Mules are called Mufmones, becaufe they ase brought out of thofe Coun-
tries where the true Ma/mones(which we may inter pret Wilde (heepe or wilde goatsare
bred and norifhed.) Thereare of thefe Mufmons in Sardinia, Spaine,and Cor/ica,and they
are faid to be gotten betwixt aRamand a goat, as the C/mirus betwixt a Buck-goat,and an
Ewe.The forme of this beaft is much like a Ram, faving that his breft is more rough and
hairy: his hornes do grow from his heade like vulgar Rams, but bend backward onely to
his cares: they arc exceeding fwift of foot, fo as in their celerity they are comparable to 59
the fwifteft beaft. The people of thofe countries wherein they are bred, do vfe their skins
forbreft-plates.Plizy maketh mention of a beaft which he called Ophion, and he faith hee
found the remembrance of itin the Grecian books,but he thinketh that in his time there
was none ofthem to befounde in the worlde : heerein he fpeaketh like a man that did not |
knowe GOD, foritis notto be thought, that hee which created fo many kindes of |
beafts |
|
|
+ L ; 1
- E ;
| E
EN E
E |
ie Of the Mufmon. 0043
|
beaftsatthe beginning, and conferuedofeüery kind two,male and female at the generall
| deluge; would not afterward pérmit them tobe deftroyed ullthe worldesend, northen '
| neither: forfeeing it is apparant by holy {criptures, that afterthe worid ended, al Crea-
«atures and beafls fhall remain vpon the earth; as the monuments of the firft fix daies works
sof Almighty God, for the farther manifeftation of his glory wifedome, and goodnes, it
sis an.vnreafonablething to imagine that any of them fhall perifh in general in this world.
'«'Ehe Tardinians call thefebeatts €Mwfflz; and Erim Mufflo, which may cafily bee deriued
| -fronvOphion, therefore I: cannot but cónferit vato them, thatthe auncient Ophion is the
| . Mufmon, being in quantity betwixt'a Hartdnda fheepe or Goate, in hairé refembling a
| ©xo Hart,& this beaft atthis day is not foundbut inSardima.Tt frequenteth the fteepeft moun:
táines jand therefore liueth on greene gráffeand füch other hearbes. The dlefh thereof
is very good for meat; and forthatcaufethe'tihabitantes feeke after itto take it. Hedfor
» Betbiusinhis defcription of the Hebredian Tilandes faith, that there is aBeaft not much
vnlikeroa fheep bur his hair betwixt a goats anda {heeps, being very wild & neuer found
ortaken but by hunting; and diligent inquifitich: Thename of the ](laud is Biethe, and
the reafon of tharname isfrom this’breed of fheep called Herth in the Vulgar toong, yet
| thofe fheep agree with the Mufmon inalthings but theirtails,for he faith,thatthey haue
i long tailesreaching downeto the erdund, andthis name commeth from the Germaine
word Herda flockey and thereof Hirt Commeth for all theepein geherall: Now followeth
| ^s theconclufion of their ftory with there medicinal Vertues. | S !
|
Theimeditines of tbe SBeepe hn a
. ingenerall,.
| The bodies offuchas are beaten, and liane pon them the appearance of the ftripes,
being put into the warme skins of fheepe when tiey are newly puld offfrom their backs, Galen
eateth away the outwatd pane and appearance , if it continue on a day anda night. Ifyou
feethtogither a good feafon the skin of the feet}'and of the {nowt ofan Oxe ora fheep till
3° they bé madelike elew,and thentaken ‘forth of the pot and dried inthe windie aire, is by
Siluits commended againftthe burftnés of the belly. |
The blood of íheepe drunke; is profitable againft the falling fickneffe : Alfo Hippocrates
refcribeth this medicine following, foraremedy or purgation to the belly, &rü makea |
. perfume of Barly fteeped in oylevpon fome coles, and then feeth fome mutton or fheeps ? lite
flefh very much, and with decoction of Barley fet it abroade all day and night, and after-
| ward feeth itagaine and eat or fup it vp warm, and then the next day with hony, Frankin-
| cenfe,and Parfely,all beáaen'and mingledtogither, make afuppofitory, and with wooll
| .putitvp vnderthe party, andit fhall eafe the diftreffe.. 'Thefameflefh: burned and mix-
4o edin water by wathing, cureth all the maladies or difeafes arifing inthe fecrets, andthe
| broath of Mutton, Goofe, or Veale;wil help againftthe poifon by biting ifitbe not drawn
| out by cupping glaffe nor by horfe-leach. The fewet ofa fheepe melted at the fire, and
| with a linnen cloath anointed vpon a burned place, doth greatly eafe the paine thereof.
| The liver with thefuetand Nive caufeth the fcars ofthe fleth to becotne of the fame co-
lour that it was beforethe wound, itbeing mixed with toafted fale, fcattereth the bunches
| inthe fefh,and withthe duft of womens haire, cureth fellons in the fingers, or any parte
| of thebodies. The fewer of theepe or goats, being mingled withthe inice ofrenni(h wine
grape, and (hining horfe-flies ,doeth without allfcruple or doubt, eafe the paine of the
melt, ifit bee annointedthereupon. The fat ofíheepe doeth very eafily expelthe rough-
nes of the vailes. ^ | , von "ins
Thefewer of fheepe orany other finall beaft, being mixed with the herbe called Melan-
der, and pounded with Alum, afterward baked together, and wrought intothe maner of
afeare-cloath, doethverie much eafe thofe whichate burned by firein any parts oftheit c aMarcilsf
body, being wel applied thereto. The fewet ofa (heepe being àlfotapplyed to thofewhich
hauekibes in theheeles, or chilblanies in their feet, wil prefently heale them.
50
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643
Pliny
Marcellus , 72
Hippocrates,
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Thelungs offheepe being boild with Hempe-feed, fo that the fle(h be eaten, and the
water wherein itis {od be drunke,doth very effe&ually cure thofe which are greeued with
excoriati-
IQ
26
| Of the Sheep. | CAS
excorjations in their bellies, and the bloody flixe, The lunges of fheepe being applyed
while they are hot, doth heale the gowt. [mu
Theliuer of white fheepe well boiled, made moift with water, thoroughly bearenana
applyed vnto the eye-lids, doth purge Rhewmatick cies, and caufe them to beofa more Hippocrates.
clearéand ample fight. Ifa woman bearing young, fhall be puffed vp with winde, giue
her theliuer ofa (heepeor goat beaten into {mall powder while itis hot, being pure and
without mixture for foure daics togitherto eate, andlet her drinke onely wine, and this
| will very {peedily &ure her. hi
| The gall ofa fheepe mingled with hony, healeth the Vlcers of the eares, and procu-
| we retheafiehearing. Thegallofafheepemingled with {weet wine, ititbecemperea in the
manner ofa glifierjand afterwards rubbed vpon the care-lappes, the vlcers being quite
purged, will procurea fpeedy cureand remedy. The gall of the famebeaft dy filled with
| a woinatis milke, dothaifo moft certainely bealetheir eares which are broken within,and
ful of mattery corruption.
The gall ofa theep being mixed with common oyle,or oyle made of Almonds, doth
alfo heale the paines ofthe eares, being powred thereinte. Cankers, or the corufion of
| thefle(h, being annointed with the gali ofa theep, is very fpeedily and manifeflly cured. 4iberras,
| the Dandraffe or fcurfes of the head being annointed with the gall of a (heep mixed with
fullets-earth which is hardned togither whilethe head burneth, are very effectually abo-
| ac lifhed, and driuen quite vway.
| The gal of hetle cattle but efpecially ofalamb, being mixed with hony is verily com-
| mended for the curing of the falling euil. The melt of-afhecpenew taken out by magi-
| calprecepts is accounted very good for the curing of the paine in the meke, hee faying
| which may be healed that he maketha remedy-for themelt. After thefechiogstne ma- P5.
D. gitians commaund that the greeued party beincluded in his Dortor or Bed-chamber, &
-thatthe doores be fealed vp, and that a verfe be fpoken thrice ninetimes. "The melteofa
fheepe being parched and beaten in wine, and afterward takenin drinke , doeth refifte al
| the obftru@ions or ftopping ofthe fmal guts. The fame being vfed in the like manner is
very medicinable for the wringing of the guts. .
The duft of the vppermoft ofa (heepes thigh, doth very commonly heale theloofenes
oftheioynts : but more effectually ifit be mixed with wax. The famemedicine is made
bythe duftof theepes iawes a Harts-horne,and wax mollified or affwaged by oile of ro-
fes. The vpper partes of thothighes of fheepe deco&ted with Hempe-feed, doc refrefh
thofe which are troubled with the bloody flix, the waterwhereof being taken to drink.For
thecuring ofa horffe waxing hot with wearineffe and longitude of the way : mingle goats
or fheepes fewer with Coriander, aud old dil, the Coriander being newgathred, and di-
ligently poundedin the inice of Barley, and fo giueit throughly ftrained for three daies
together.
The huckle-bone ofa (heepe being burned and beaten intofmal dufte, is very much v-
qo fed for the making ofthe teeth white, and healing al other paines oraches therein. The
bladder ofa goat or fheepe being burnedand ginen in a potion to drinke, made of Vine-
. gerand mingled with water, doth very mueh auaile and helpe thofe whichcannot holde
| their water in theirfleepe. The skinnes which commeth from the fheepe atthe time of Galen
| their young, doth very much helpe very manye inormities in women, as wehaue before
| rehearígd inthe medicines arifing from goats. Themilk of fheepe being hor;ts of force
| againftal poifons, except in thofe which (hal drinkea venemous fly calleda Wag-lcgge,
| andLibbardsbane. O:mellalfo doeth curea longe lingering difeafe, a pinteof itbeing
| foddenin three etips of water, vntill al the water be boiled away : but afterwards you mutt
| putthereuntoa pinte of (heepes milke or Goates, and alfo Honey cuery day together.
Pliny.
3° Marcellus,
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Crefcoutien :
Pliny
cC Marcellus
eiofcarides,
Pj.
Vegetius,
Pliny
The Hiftory of Foure-footed ‘Beafts.
Some men do commaundto take one dram offwallowes dung in three cups fulof
Goats milke or theepes milke before the comming of the quartern Ague. Goates milk
or (heepes milke being taken when itis newly milked from them, and gargarized in the
mouth, is very effe&tualagainft the painesand {wellings of the Almondes. Takea pinte
of fheeps milk, anda handial of fifted Anni-feeds, and letthem feeth togither, and when
itis fomwhat coldlet it bedrunk,and itis very good toloofenthe belly. Medicins being
made of Goats milkeand {heepes mllke, and fo being drunke,is very good for the fhort-
nefle of breath.
A hot burning grauel ftone being deco&edin fheepes milk, and fo giuen toone that
hath the bloody flixe;is very profitableto him. Goats milke or fheeps milke giuen alone 1e
luke warme, orfodden with Butter, is very profitable to thofe that are brought very weak
with thepafsions of the itone, and fretting of the guts. Towath ones facewith (heepes
milke and goats milke,is very good to make it faireand{mooth. Euenings milkoffheep
that is, the laft milke that they giue that day is very good to loofen the belly and co purge
chollor.The haires of the head ofa Dog burned into afhes, or the gut of the priuy place
{odden in oyle is avery good and foueraign remedy for the loofenefle of the flefh about
the nails, and for {welling of fe(h ouer them,being anointed with butter made of (heepes
milkeandhony . An oylefoddenin hony,and butter made of (heepes milke, and honey
melted therein, is very profitableto cure Vlcers«. Old Cheefe made of fheepes milke, is
very good to ftrengthen thofe which hauebin troubled and made weake withthe bloody 20
flix. Againe old Cheefe made of fheepes milke, taken in meate or fcraped vpponit, and
being drunke with wine, doth eafe the pafsion ofthe ftone.
There wasa certaine phyfitian being skilfulin making médicines, dwelling in Afia
by Helle/pont, which did vic the dung ofa fheepe wafhed and made cleanein Vineger for
to take away warts and knots rifing on the flefh like warts,and kernels and hard {wellings
inthe fefh. Alfo hee did bring Vlcers to ficatrifing with that medicine which were bla-
{ted or fcaulded roundabout, buthe did mingle it withan emplaifter made of wax, rofin,
and pitch. eg.
The dung of fheepealfo doeth cure pufhes rifing inthe night, and burnings or {caul-
dings with fire, being fineared ouer with Vineger without the commixture.ofany other 3o
things. The dung offheepe being mixed with hony , doeth take away {mal bumpes rifing
in the (efb,andalfo doth diminifh proud fleth :andalfo it doth curea difeafe called an
enimot, as Ra/isand Albertus {ay. Thedung thatis new come from the (heepc being firfte
-worked in thy hands, andapplyed after the manner of an emplaifter doth eat away many
great warts growing inany part of thy body. The dung ofa fheepe being aplyed to thy
feete, doth confume or waftaway the hard flefh that growech thereon. .
Sheeps dung doth alfo cure al kind offwellings that are ready to go into carbuncles.
It is alfo good being fodden in oyle and appliedafter the maner of an emplaifter, for all
new wounds made with a fword as Galez faith :
Aut feconcln[um [eruauit tibia vulnus ,
- Stereus ouis placida iunges, adipesg,vetuftes,
i Pandere qua poterunt huleuspatulod, mederi.
The dung of fheepeand Oxen being burnedto powder, and {meared with Viniger,is ve-
rygood againft the bitings and venemoufnes of fpiders : And againe itis very effeGtuall
being new come from them,and foddenin wine againft the fingings of Serpents,Sheeps
dungebeing mixed withhoney, andappliedto horfes whofe hoofes are broken;is verye
efectual.
The dung of Oxen and Sheepe being burned to powder, andintermixed therewith, is
very effectual againft Cankers, and alfo the bonesof the Lambes thighes,being burned
jntoathes, is very profitable to be applied to thofe vicers which cannot hee brought to ci- so
catrife. Alfo Sheepes dung being made hotte ina little gally potte, andkneaded with thy
hands, andafterwards applied, doth prefeatly ceafethe fwellings of woundes, and doeth
purge and cure Fiftulaies, and alfo difeafes inthe eyes. |
The oyleof Cypreffe and hony, is very effe&ualagainft Alopecia, that is, the fauling
offofthe haire. Anemplaifter made of (heepes dunge and the fat ofa Goofe anda H en
$3
| of the Sbeepe. «643
isvety effeQuall ag ainfthaire ryfing in the roote of the eare, as Raffs and Albertus fay.
| PCS dung beingapplyed hot is very effe&uall againft thefwellings of womens paps
or dugs.
Sheepes dung being put into the deco&ion of Wood-bine, or Hony and water, and Ofcurus
| fo drunke, is very profitable againft che Yellow-ganders. Ifthe Spleen be outwardly an-
| noynted with Sheepes dung and Vineger, it doch leffen the ryfing ofit. The dung of
Oxén and Sheepe which is very rnoyft, doth cafe all manner of goutes. The thinne qj
| oroutmoft skinne which is taken from the privy parc of Sheepe, is very profitable a-
| gainftthe difeafe called che lowersin Women. The dung alfo hath the fame operation.
| 10 TheVrine of Sheepeis very profitable againftthe Hydropfie being mixed with Honny.
| But Ra//s faith orherwife, which is,that the dung being drunke with Honny is auaileable eAlbertns
| againft the Dropfie. :
Totake the weight of a penny of Oxe dung an d Sheepes dung, and a graine of Myrrh,
andtwo ounces anda halfe of Wine.doth ftay orrefift the comming ofthe Kingseuil.The —.
filth which is taken out of the eares of thefé Beaftes is faid to beevery cffe&tuall againft Pliny
the flowers. It doth makea barren woman toconceiue with childalfo, as Serenws faith in
thefe verfes: MES
Rar
pendentem [pumam molli de ducet ab ore,
| Aut ouis in flabulis fracf as cum ruminat herbas,
| 20 At 4, illam memini mifto potare falerno.
| The fweate ofa Horfe being made warmeand mixed with Vineger, is very conuentent
| ‘ ágainft the falling ficknefie, and is vfed againft venemous bitinges .. Andalío the {weate
of Sheepe is very much profitable vnto it. Ifthe hoofeor Anckle-bone ofan Oxe chance (oiumella
to beecut with a Plough-fnare, Pitch and fat with Sulphuris very good, butyou muft
roule round about thewound Wooll. Vnwafbed VVooll doth very much profit thofa
that are frenzy being applyed with a fume that ftoppeth humors from comming downe
from thehead. H
Vawathed Wooll being bound vpon the forehead, is very good forthe warerifh hu-
30 mor that floweth ourof the cies. Vnwafhed Wooll being heated in Vineger, and pref-
fed into theeare, and afterwards the top of the eare being {topped with that Wooll,will
by little and little eafe the painesin the cares. Vnwafhed Wooll dipped in Oyle of Rofes
and put into the Noftrils doth ftay bleeding at the Nofe. Vnwafhed Wooll being pluck-
ed from the priuy partes of Sheepe and moyfined in Oyle of Rofes, is very good to ftop Marcellas
the fluxes of blood in any part of mans body. Vnwafhed Wooll being tyed on the out-
\ fide of the kauckles or ioynts, doth ftop the bloud or humors from running too and fro.
It is alfofaid to be very good being dipped in Honny, (andfo rubbed vppon the teeth or
Gummes) for to make one breathe or gafpe eafier. Vnwafhed Woollbeing fineard o-
uer with Hony,and rubbed vpon the teeth, doth make them looke white prefently after.
4° Vnwafhed Wooll with alittle Salt put to itand tyed clofe ina linnen cleathand fo fcor-
chedandbeaten to powder, is very good to keepe the teeth from paine, being rubbed vp-
onthem. : |
Vnuwafhed Wooll being mixed with Niter, Brimftone, Oyle, Vineger, and with Tar, Galen
being applyed twiceaday, doth eafe all paines of the knuckles and Anckles. Sheepes
dungand other thinges with vnwafhed Wooll 1s very effe&uallagainft the ftone in the
bladder, s itis {poken abouein the cureand remedies ofSheeps ding . Vnwafht wooll
doth cure allthe difeafes in the priuy parts ofmen or women being aplyed thereunto. The
blacke VWooll of Sheepe, is very profitable for all fwellings in the {tones or Cods of men,
The gall of Buls put vpon vnwafhed Wooll, is very pro tablefor the flowers of women :
50 Vawathed wooll being applyed vnto thofe parts that are dead, dothvery much good vn-
to them.
White fleecesof Woollbeing either applyed alone, or with Brimftone,is very good
for hiddenpaines and griefes. Fleeces of Wooll giuen in a fame with Brimftone,is very
good forthe remedy ofthe Kings euill. VVooll being dyed ofapurple colour, and fo
Syluaticus
. semedies
applyed, is very good againftthe paines of the eares. There are morcouer very many m
er cie RR
pep TEES E m Y 2
= = SS a made =
cm
E WE
T
ui UR du ee
648
Pliny
SSvenis
Galea
The Fiiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
remedies made againft difeafes by vnfhorne Wooll, befides theexpelling of cold, being
taken in Oyle, Wine, or Vineger, for as muchas the fame being applyed to the mem-
bers whichare out of ioynt, or to any painesinthe Nerues, doth very {peedily and ten-
‘derly heale the fame.
Sheepes Wooll being mixed with Hearb-Grace and Sheeps-greace, is very much ap-
plyed vnto thofe whichare bruifed,or haue hard {wellings in any parts of their body.Vn-
wafhed VVooll being often put into the fores which are bitten by madde Dogges, doth _
perfectly curethem in fewen daies .. Sheepes Woollin cold VVater doth bring remedy
vnto thofe whofe skinne is loofe about the Nailes. The famebeing fteepedinhot Oyle
may be well applyed vnto moy ftor running fores: but mingled with Hony is very medi- 16
cinable for old fores or fefters : and fteeped in Wine, Oyle, Vineger, or cold water, doth
heale any new wound which feemeth to bring the wounded party in daunger of death,
Diofcorides doth alfoaffirme that Sheepes Wooll being vawafhed is curable for all kinds
of wounds whatfoeuer.
The fameis very much applyed vnto thofe whofe bones are bruifed or broken, ifit bee
mixed with the braines of a wanton Dogge, and boundhard vpon the grieued placeina
linnen cloth. The Carthagenian Sheapheards doe vfethe vnwafhed VVooll of Lambes
of the age of foure yeares, for the curing of the Temples, orthe crowne of the head. If
theplough fhare chance to hurt the huckle-bone orhoofe of an Oxe, take hard Pitch and
Bacon-greace mingled with Brimftone, and rowled in vnwafhed. Wool, and marke the |,
wounded place withall thefe together with a fiery hot yron, and it willbring prefenthelp ~
and remedy.
Vawafhed VVooll being taken in fome certaine perfume doth cure thofe which are
Frantike, and reftore them to theirformerwits . Spleene-wort being boyled in Hony
and mixed with vnwafhed wool which was fieepedin Oyle or Wine, is very good for the
aforenamed difeafe being bound about the ferepart of the head in a broad linnen cloath..
Sheeps wooll being alfo applyed in the famemanner,is an excellent cure for thofe which
are troubled with a certaine watery rheume or running in the cies, as alfo theachein the
forepart of the head. | fri
Vnwafhed woollboyledin Vinegerand applyed vnto the eares, doth expellallfilth
or moyfture therein, andthe iffue thereof being afterwardes ftopped with thefamekinde ?*
of wooll, is very fpeedily cured . Sheepes wooll isalfo very good and effeGtuall for the
curing the paines ofthe eares which are but new comming vpon them. Vnwafhed wool]
being mixed with Oyle of Rofes and put inte the Nofirils of any man, the cares being
ftopped clofe with the famekind of wooll, will ftay the yfluing ofthe bloudat the Nofe,
how fluent foeuer ithe. _
The famebeing alfo fteeped in Oyle and put in the Nofe, doth reftraine the bleeding
thereof. VVooll being plucked or wrefted from thebacke of Sheep, and kept vnwafhed,
doth cohibitetheaboundance of blood, being fteeped in pure liquid Oyle of Rofes. ‘The
fame being taken from the backe ofa Ramme,doth ftay ouer much bleeding at the Nofe,
the ioynts of the fingers being bound as hard as poffible can be fuffered. Vnwafhedwool ^9
fteeped in Hony and rubbed vppon the teeth or Gummes, doth make the breath of any
man more {weete and delightfull chen ithath beeneaccuftomed. ‘The fame being vfed
inthe faid manner, doth procurea very great whiteneffe and cleareneffe in the teeth. Vn-
wafhed VV ooll being parched and bound in alinnen cloath, a third part or portion ef fale
being afterwardes added thereunto, and all beaten together into fall duft or powder,
andrubbed vpon thetceth,will keepe them from any paine or griefetherein. Vnwafhed
WVoollbeing dippedin Nitre, Brimftone, Oyle, Vineger, and Liquid Pitch, being all
boyled together, doth afwageall painesin the hanches or loines whatfoeuer, being twice
L]
a day ashotas poffibly may be fuffered applyed thereunto. Sheeps dung mingled with jo ^
vnwafhed wooll and certaine other things, is very much applyed againft thattroublefome
and painefull difeafe calledthe ftone orgrauell. —
Vnwaíhed VVoollincold water, doth cure difeafesin the priuy parts ofany man or
VVoman whatfoeuer. The VVoollofblacke Sheepeis commonly reported tobea very
commodious and helpfull for thofe whofe Cods or ftones are muchfwelled. Thegall
o
of the Sheepe.
| ofan Oxe being mixed with vnwafhed wool, doth help the purgation or menftruall fluxes
| of women : but Olympies the Thebaneaffirmeth, that Ifopeand Nitre oughttobe mi x-
| ‘ed with this wooll forthe helping of the fame. Vnwathedwooll being applyed vntothe
| fecret parts of women, doth caufe a dead child to come forth. The fame doth alfo ftay the
| iffnes of women. The pure or cleare fleeces of (heep either applyed by themfelues;or min-
| led with Brimftone,do cureal hidden or fecretgriefes whatfoeuer : and Pliny commen-
deth them aboueal other medicines whatfoeuer.Fleeces of wool mingled with quickfiluer,
are very profitable to be taken for the fame dilea fes in certaine perfumes, Therooteofa
| Mallow being digged vp beforetheryting of the fun and wrapped in vndyed wooll, doth
| curethe Wens or mattry impoftumes of thofe fheepe which haue lately broughtforth
10 young. Sheepes woollbeing diedin purple colour, doth very much profit the eares ; but
fome do fteep it in vineger and Nitre, to make the operation more effectuall.
The duft of wool being burnt,doth bring forth the matter.or corruption lying hid vnder
{cabs, reftraine the {wellings inthe flefh, and bringethall vlcers toa chop or fcar. VVooll
being burnt hath a fharp force, and likewife hot together with the flendernes of the parts,
it doth therefore very fpecdie clenfe and purge the foresinthe flefh, whichare moiftand
to much full of matter. Itis alfo put in drying medicines. Itis burnedasif there were ma-
ny other things in it, filling a new pot, which may be couered with a couer which is bored
through with many holes like vnto a fiue. The powder ofvnwa(hed woollis anointed vp-
on diuersfores,and is very curable for them as bruifed,new wounded,& fores halfe burnt,
: and it isvfed for the curing of the difeafes in the cies, as alfo for the healing of the fiftulaes'
and corrupt and mattery fores m the cares. The power of the powder of vnwafhed wool
isclenfing,andit doch very cffe&ually purge the eye-lides or cheeke-bals. It dothalfo
clenfeand cure for the moftpart all difeafes, as serez; faith in thefe verfes 5
| Sucetda cum tepide necf etur lana L) 0, |
Ambuftaue ciuis complebit vulneris ora,
Aut tu fucco[a cinerem perducito lane.
The haires which growabout the fecret bole ef (heep beiag burned, beaten and drunke im
{weet wine, doth help the (hortneffe ofthe breath,and eafethe purfines ofthe {tomacke.
The wooll of alittle fheep being pulled from betwixt his chighes and burnt,& afterwards
30 dipped invineger;doth very fpeedily cure thofe whicharetroubled with the head-ach,
being bound about the temples. The duftof fheepes fleeces 1s very medicinable forthe
curing of all difeafes in the genitall partswhatfoeuer. The duft of fheeps wooll, doth heale
all paffions in cattell. The Grecian plaifter (called Emcapharmacum)confifted of nine feue-
ralthings, and amongft the reftofvnwa(hed wooll. The filth which fticketh tothe fheeps
wool & groweth therunto, from which the thing which the Grecians cal Oe/ypon is made,
hath the force of digeftion like vnto butter, andalfo alike ability of concodion: . Ina cer-
taine medicine of Andromachus, for the curing ofthe difeafe of the fecret parts,vawathed
woolis addedto the reft : but Lepas (as Galeníaith)for vnwa(hed wool doeth adde goofe,
reace in the fame quantity. Some do alfo for vnwafhed wool víethe marrow ofa young;
49 calfe, andapply itinthe aforefaid matners but this vnwafhed woollistermed ofthe Grz-
tians Ae/jpus, and therefore being by diuets Authors fet downe diuerfly concerning the
makingand vertuethereof,T haue thought good to fet downe the trueftand excellenteft
wav to make the fame(as Dio/coridesywhom inthisl1fup pofe beftto follow reporteth.Firft
totake new fherne wooll which is very foft,and not trimm ed with fope-weed,and wath it
with botwater;thento preffe al the filth forth ofthe fame,and caft it into a cauldron which
hatha broadlip,andafterwardsto pourethe water in, and to ftir it vp and down witha cer-
taine inftrument with fach great force as it may foame againe,or with a wooden rod ftill
greatly to turneandtrouble it, fo that the filthy froath orfpume may more largely be ga-
thered together, afterwards to fprinkle it ouer with fea water,and the fat remaining which
5° did fwim vponthetop, being gathered togither inan earthen veflel,to pourethe water in»
to the cauldron :then muftthe froath be pouredagaime into thefea water, & laftly taken
outagain,this is fo oftento be done that the fat being confumed,there wilnocany froath
beleftremaining,the de/ypus then being gathered togither, isto be mollified with mens
hands;& ifthere beany filth thetin,it muft out neers be taken away,andall the i E
nn Ittic
a
Severus
Pliny
Galen
CMarcellus
ur rennet
S
T eire
a
ae alo C A
Se
==
a SSS
ae
=
T
ELT SSS oa
-
SSS
"eem
do
ERE Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
little and little excluded, and being frefh poured in, let it be mingled with ones hands,vn-
till the Ae/ypus being touched with the ten ofany one, may lightly bind it, but not
{auor either tharp or tartly,and the fat may feeme very white, andthen let it be hid inan
earthen veffell, but let there be great care had that they be done inthe hot fun. But there
are fome which vfe another manner of way to make thefame which is this, to clenfe the
fleeces, and wath away all filth, and preffe it forth of the fame, and boile them in water o-
uer a foft fire ina brazen veffel,then towath the fat which fwimmeth on the top being ga-
thered together with Water, and being ftrained in another platter which may haue íome
hor water init to hide or ouercaftit with alinnen cloth,an@Jay it forth in the fun vntil it be
very white and thick enough.
Some alfo do vfeanother way, as this, to wath the fat being ftrained with cold waterjand
torub it with their hands, not much otherwife then women doca feare-cloth, for by that
meancs it is made more white and purer. There is yer another kind of way to make 4e/j-
pus, deícribed by Aetius in thefe words, take (faith he) the greafie wooll which groweth in
the fhoulder pits offheepe, and wath them in hot water, being thick/and foft, and {quize
al the filth forth of the fame, the wafhing wherof you fhall put ina veffell of a large mouth
or brim, cafting afterwards hot water in the fame, thentake the water ina cup,orinfome
other fuch like inftrument, and poure it inand out, holding itvp very high vatill there
comea froath vpon it,then fprinkle it ouer with fea water, if you thall getany, ifnot, with
fome other cold water, and fuffer it to ftand ftill, when it hall waxe cold take thatwhich
fhall flow on the top away withaladle, and caftit into any other veffell afterwards hauing
- put alittle cold water init, (tir it yp and downe with your handes, then hauing poured out
that water, put new hot water in it , and repeate againe the fame thing altogether, which
we haue now taught, vntill the 4e/jpus be made white and fat, containing no impute or
filthy thing inicat al, chen dry itin the fun,being hid for fome certain daies in an earthen
veffell, and keepe it.
Butall thefe things are to be done when the fun is very hot, for by that meanes it will be
more effe ual and whiter,and nothard or fharp. There are moreouerfome which gather
itafter this manner. They put new fhorne wooll which isvvery filthy and greafie ina veffel
whichhath hot water in it, and burne the water that it may fomewhat wax hot, afterwards
they coole it, and that which {wimmeth aboue in the manner of fat, they fcum itoffwith
their handes, and put it away ina veffellof Tinne,and fo do fillthe veffell it felfe with raine
water, & put itin dis fun couered witha thin linet cloth, and then we muft moyftenita-
gain,and put vp the e/ypus,for it hath ftrength mollifieng and releafing with fome fharp-
nes, but it is counterfeited with wax,fewet, and Rozen, and it is ftraight waiesperceiuéd &
for as muchas the true 4efjpus referueth the {cent ofthe vnwafhed wooll, and being rub-
bed with any ones hands is made like vnto Cerufe, orwhitelead. Euenthe filthand fweat
of (heep, cleauing to their wooll, hath great and manifold vfe in the world, and aboue all
other that is moft commended which is bred vponthe Athenian or Gratian fheep, which
is mademany waies, and efpecially thisway : firft they take off the wooll from thofe places
where it groweth, with allthe fewet or filth there gathered together, and fo put them in à
brafen veffel ouera gentle fire wher they boile out the fweat,& fo take of that which {wim-
methat the top, and putit into an earthen veffel, feething againethe firft matter, which
fat is wafhed together in cold water, fo dryed ina linnen clothis fcorched in the fun vntill
it become white and tran{parent, and fo it is put vp in abox of tinne. It may be prouedby
this, if itfmelllike thefauourof fweat, and being rubbed in awet hand doe not melt, but
waxewhitelike whitelead, this is moftprofitable agairftal inflammation ofthe cies, and
knots in cheeks,or hardnefle of skin in them. Ofthis4e/jpus or vnwafhed wooll the Grz-
tans make greataccount,and for the variety ofdreffing or preparing it,they cal it diuerfly,
fomtime they call it Oc/upum Pharmaicon fometime Oefupon Keroten, Oe[upon. Kerotoeide,
fometime Oe /upon Hugron, andfuch like.Of itthey make plaifters to affwage the Hypechon-
driall'ioflammationsané ventofity in the fides:Some vfe Aefopus for Oefypus:butignorant-
ly, and without reafon, it is betterto let italone, butin the colle&ion heereof it muft be ta-
ken from thefound & not from the fcabby (heep. But when we cannot co me by thetrue
Oefypus then in ftead chereof we may take that which the Apothecaries and ointment-ma-
wy kers
IG
20
39
2?
5@
RET
JL.
P DeL m C x
Of the Sheepe. 65i
kers do ordaine ; namely, Mediloti : une : 4. Cardamomi unc. 2. Hyfapi herb. wne.2.with the
vnwafhed woolltaken frothe hams or flanks ofa fheep. Myrep/us victh this Oc/ipus againft
all goutsand aches in the legs or articles, and hardneffé of the {pleene. Galen calleth it rus
Lane, and preferibeth the vie ofit inthis fort. Make (faith he) a play fter of Oc/ypus or ing
lane in this fort, take waxe, fre(h-greace, Scammonie,old oile,one ounce of each ,ofFen-
ny-grecke fixe ounces then feeth or boile your oile with the ius lage, and Fenny-greeke
very carefully , vntili it equallthe oyle, and bee well incorporated tegether, and then
againe fet itto the fire vntill with the perfcription aforefaide, and alfo he teacheth howto
makethis us lane, for (faith he) take vnwathed woolland lay it deepe in faire water vntill
to itbe very foft, that is by the {pace of fixe daiesyand the feuenth day take itand the water
together, that feeth wel,taking off the fat which arifethat thetop,and put it vp as is afore-
faid :thefethingsfaith Gales.
'Thevfeofthis by reafonit is very hot, is to difplay vicersand tumors in wounds,efpe- Dici
cially inthe fecrets and feat, being mixed with Melitote and butter, and it haththefame ^ ^
vertue againftrunningíores, Thefame alfo with barly meale and ruft of iron; equally
mixed together, isiprofitable again {tal {welling tumors,Carbuncles, Tetters »Serpigoes,
and fuch like,it eatethaway alproud flefh in the brims of vicers,reducing the fametoana-
turall habitand equality, alfofilling vp the fore and healing it, and the fame vertue is by
Diofcorides attributed to wooll burnt, alfo in brufes vpon the head when the skinne is not
2e broken, apoutefle made hereof, is faid by Galento haue excellent force and vertue The
fame mingled with rofes,and the oare of braffe(cald Nil,) cureth the holy fire,and being
receined with Myrrh fteeped intwo cupsofwine, it encreafeth or procureth fleepe, and
alfo is very proficable againft the falling ficknes. And being mixed with Corfüke Hony jit
taketh away the fpots in the face, becaufe it is moftfharp and fübtile,wherunto fome adde
| butter, but ifthey be whealed and filled with matcer,then prick and open them with a nee.
| dle and rub them over with a dogs gall ora calfes gall mingled with the {aid Oefypus, alfo cMarceline
being inftilled into the head with oyle,it cureththe megrim, and furthermore it is vfed
againft all foreneffe of the cies, and fcabs in their corners, or vpon the eye-lids, being fod
| ina new (hell, andthe famevertueis attributed te the {moke or foote thereof, ifthe eyes
| browes or eye-lids beannointed herewith mixed with Myrrhe and warmed, it is thought
3e thatit will reftore the haire that is wanting and fallen off: but Marsellus prefcribeth it in this
manner, you mutt take Oe/ypus or fweat of fheep from vndes the wool] of their (ho ulders, :
and adding vnto it alike quantity of Myrrhe, beatethem together in a morter, and witha
warme cloth annoint the bare places.
Ifthere be any brufe in the eies, then you muft annoyntthem firftwith Goofe-greafe,
and theblood ofa Mallard, and afterward with the fweate ofa fncep, and thefame cureth
al vicers in the mouth, eares, and genitals, with Goofe-greace. This is alfo mixed witha
feare-cleth, and laid againft the Pthifis (as esis writeth / witha moyft cloth againftthe
the pleurufie, alfo a plaifter hereof made with Goofe greace, butter, Állum,and the brain
ofa Goofe, is very profitable againft che paines in theraines, and all other. infirmities of
40 thebacke,and for thefame caue itis applyed to women, for it prouoketh their mouth!
. courfes, andalfocaufeth an eafie deliuerance in child-birth, it healeth the vicers in the fe-
cret and priuy parts ofmen and women,and alinflammation in the {eate,efpecially being
mixed with butter, Goofe-greace, and Melitote: and fomeadde thereunto the care of B
braffe and Rofes. Iftherebe a Carbuncle in the priuy parts, take this Oc/ypus with Hon ny oe
and the froath of lead, alfo whitelead womens milke, and this fheepes fewet, cureth the
gout, at the leaft maruailoufly aflwageth the pain therof, & {ome phyfitians fer this euill
take greace, goofe-greace, and the fat of Buls, adde to 0efjpus, alfo vnwathed wooll with
the gall of a Bull laidtoa womans fecrets, helpeth her monthly purgation, and Olimpias
added therunto Nitre.The dung which cleaueth to fheeps tailes made into fmall bals,and
| fodryed, afterward beat into powder & rubbed vpon the teeth,although they be loofe, fal-
| ling out, or ouergrown with fle(h. yet Pliny faith they wil be recoucred by chat fricaffing.
o Ifhewhichis fick ofa dropfie drink this fweat or 0e/ypus in wine with Mirth of the quanti-
ty of ahafel nut,goofe greace,& Mirtle oile,it wil giue him ereat eafe,and the fame vertue
_isaferibedto the fweat of an Ewes vdder, vvhich is and hath bin faid ofa] the former 0e/-
pus. Nnn 2 | The
Pitas » * "
" LA —— a din. e 1 Mu ;
r I 7 d , 1 " b rv * s e ere E ! ( - *
TM é $ FRI B , » ^
652
eti Uicenna
Sextus
Marcellus
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The medicines of tbe am. -
Euen as the skins of other fheep newly plucked from their backsand applyed warm,do
take away the ach {welling, and paines ot ftripes andblowes from bodies, fo alfo haue the
skins oframs, the fame property. Arnoldus commendetha plaifter made ofa rams skin jio
for burning and falling downe of the guts, and thisis found ready prepared in many‘
Apothecaries faops, and the happy fucceffe therof is much commended by Aly/ims. Ifa
man takethe {tones ofa fighting cocke, and anoint them with Goofe greafe,and fo weare
themina peece ofa rams skin, itis certaine that it will cohibite and re(iraine the rage of
venerialluft,anda woman wearing abouther the right ftone of dunghill cocke,1na rarns
skin, fhall not fuffer abortement. T he wafhedflcece ofa ram wet in cold oie, putryfieth
the inflammation ef the fecrets.and likewife the blacke wooll of aram wet in water, and
then in oyle, and fo put to the ficke places, keepeth the fundament from falling, and alfo
affwageth the paine. Allo thewooll ofa fighting ram taken from betwixt his hornes, and
perfumedintoa fmoke, eafeth the pain, and fome take the powder thereof in'vineger for
that Malady. They fay that Lais and Salpe gure the bitings of mad dogs,andalfo Tertian & 20
quartan Agues, with the menftruous purgation take in a peece of rams wooll, andinclu-
ded in a bracelet of filuer, Alfo they write chat a woman {hall hauc an eafíc treuaile if (hee
weareinthe wool ofaram, feede of wild Cucumber about her loines,not knowing therof,
{o as it be prefétly after the delivery caft outof doores. Alfo Marcellus {aith,that if one take
the woolfroma rams forehead, and burne inthe couer of à new pot;aud afterward beat ic
to powder in a morter, and fo put inte vineger, and therewithal the forehead being anoin-
ted; it cafeth the head-ach Alfo the duft oframs wooll mixed with water, cureth the paine
inthe yard. The matter of the liuer fod, hath the fame operation: & Sextus writ eth ,thac
ifthe wooll betaken from the head,tibs, and cods,, andalfo werne by him thathatha ter.
tian ague, it perfe&ly cureth him, and ifa mans fingers ends and toes be tyed with the
vnwathed wooll ofa ram, it will ftanch the bleeding atany part, efpecially the Nofe. AI- 39
{oif you burne the greafie wooll ofa very fat ram,and iri water wafh thefame, it will help
all cuils in the yard ofa man, ifit be rubbed therew ithall.
The broat heftherumpe ofa ram is commen ded againft blifters. The fleth ofa ram be-
ingburntandannointed vpon the body ofany leprous perfon,or any whofe body is trou-
bled with ring-wormes or uches, isvery effe&uallto cure them. The fame force hathit
againft the bites of Scorpions, and ftingings of Serpentes, and Algerarat: tallo being
taken in wine, goodfor thebitinges of mad dogs,and healeth the white skins in theejes.
The fatotaíheep or Weather hath the fame init, as Porke-greace, and cureththefuffe-
cation ofthe womb, and all other difeafes inicidentvnto the fecrecparts,and alfo help
laces inthebody being burntby fite. The fatof aram being mingled with red Arfenicke
andannointed vppon any (caullorfcab, the fame being afterward pared or fcraped, dech 4°
erfcalyhealeit. Itdoth alfo being mixed with Allum, helpe thofe which are troubled
with kibes or chilblanes in their heeles.
The fewet of aram mingled withthe powder ofa pumife ftone and falt, of eachalike
quantity, is faidto heale fellons and inflammations in the body.The lunges of fmal cattel,
but efpecially ofa ram} doth reftore chaps or fcartsin the body ro their right collour.The
(ame vertuo hath the fat ofa ram being mingled with Nitre. Thegalofaram mingled
with his own {ewet, is very good and profitable forthofe to vfe who are troubled with the
out or {welling in the ieynts. The horne ofasam being burnedand the duitofthe fame
mixed with oyle,and fopoundedto gether,being often anointed vpon a fhauenhead,doth
caufethe haireto frifle andcurle. A comb being made ofthe lefthorn ofaram,and com.
bed vpon the head, doth takeaway all paine vponthe left part thereof, if likewife theré’be
painein theright fide of the head, theright horne ofa ram doth cure it. For the curing of
the lofle of one wits {pringing from the imperfection of the braine, rakethe head ofa ram
neuer giuento venery being chopp ed off at one blow, the hornes being onely taken away
and feeth it whole with the skirt and the wooll in water, then hauing opened it,take outthe
braines,and
Of the Ram.
and adde vnto them thefekinds of fpices, Cinamon, Ginger, Mace, and Cloues, ofeach
one, halfe an ounce : chefe being beaten to powder, mingle them with the braines in an
earthen platter diligently tempering ofthem by a burning cole, not very big, for feare of
burning, which might eafily be donc, butthere muft great care be had thatit be not too
much dryed, butthat it might be fo boyled tharit be no more dryed then a calfes braines
being preparedfor meate. |
It {hall be fufficiently boiled when you fhall wel minglethem at the fire , then keep it
hid, and for three daies giue it daiely to the fick perfon fafting,fo thathe may abftain from
meatand drinke twohoures after. Itmay be taken in bread, orin an Egge, or in whatfo-
;o euer the ficke party hatha defire vnto : but there muftberegardthat he be not in aicleare
20
ze
place,and that hee víe thisforty daies fpace, which they are wontto vfe whofe blould is
with drawne or fled away : and let bim abftaine from wineaffayng his head.
There are thofe which are holpen in a fhort fpace, fomein fixe or eight weekes by this
653
Medicine being receiued, Butitis conuenient that itbe required for three months, and cMarcellus
then it will haue the more powertherein. The lunges of a Ramme while they are hot
applyed vnto woundes wherein the fie(h docth to much encreafe, doth both repreffe and
make st equal. The lungs of fmal catrel,but efpecially of Rams being cut in {mal pieces &
applyed whilesthey are hot vnto bruifed places, do very fpeedily cure them and reduce
them to the rieht collour.
Thefame doth cure the feete of fuch as are pinched through the ftraightneffe of their
fhooes. The lunges of a Ram applyed vntokibed heeles orbroken vicers in thefeet, doth
quite expell away the pane, notwithftanding the exceeding achor pricking thereof. One
drop of the liquor whichis boyled out of a Kams lungs put vpon the finall nailes vpon the
hand, doth quite expellthem. The like operation hath it to expell Wartes being'annoin-
ted thereupon. The corrupt bloud of thelungs ofa Ram vnroafted, doth hele all paines
in the priuy membets of man or woman, asalfo expell warts in any place of the body. The
inyce of the lungs ofa ram whiletheyare roafted vpon a Gridiron being reeeiued,doth by
the vn&ion thereof purge and drive away the little blacke warts which arewontto grow
inthe haire or priuy parts of any man. On 5i: "
Theliquor which diftillech from the lunges ofaram being boiled, doth heale Tertian
Agues,and the difeafe of the raines which grow therein. Thelungs ofa Lamb or ram be-
ing burned, and the duft thereof mingled with oile, or being applyed raw; doe heale the
foreneffe of kibes, and areaccounted very profitable to-be bound vnto vlcers. The lungs
ofaram being pulled forth and bound hot vnto the head of any one that is frenzy wil pre-
fently helphim. Againftthe peftilent difeafe of fheepe : takethebelly of aramand boile
itin wine,thenbeing mixed with Water, giue it to the fheepe to drinke, andit wil bring
prefent remedy «The gall of aram is very good forthe healing ofthofe which are trou-
bled with any pains in the eares,comming by the cafualty of cold. The galofaram ming-
led with his owne fewet, doth eafe thofe whichare troubled withthe gout. Thegallofa
... Weather mingled with the wool and placed vpon the nauell of young children, doth make
40
» them loofe in their bellies. The ftones of an old ram being beaten in halfea penny waight
of water,orin3.quarters ofa pint of Affes milk,are reported to be very profitable for thofe
which are troubled with the falling fickneffe. The ftones of a ram being drunke in water to
the waight of three halfe pence, cureth thefame difeafe. The duft ofthe inward parts of a
rams thighs being lappedin rags or clouts,wafhed very exa&ly before with womens milk,
doth heale the vlcers or runnings ofold fores: The duft ofthe hoofe of aram mingled with
hony,doth healethebitings ofa Shrew. Thé dung of Weathers mingled with vineger and
fa(hioned in the forme ofa plaifter, doth expel black fpots in thebody, and taketh away a!
hard bunches arifing in the flefh... The (amebeing applyed inthe like manner, cureth S.
Anthoniesfire, and healeth burned places. | ten:
~The filth or fweat which groweth between the thighs of arambeing mingled with Mirrhe
> excellent remedy for thofe which are troubled with the Kings euil!.. But Pliny commen-
andthe Hearbe called Hart-wort, and drunkeoféach an equal parte, 1s accounted a very
D
Sexes
Aefculapins
Mareellas
Pliny
Sextus
deth the filth of ramis eares mingléd with Myrrhe,to be amore effeQuall and fpeedily re-
medy againft the faid difcafe.
3 Nnn 3 The
“2 iv:
V y T?
2
Aetint,
Pliny.
[à 1i EM
Hippocrates.
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The medicines of the Lamb.
The beft remedy for bitings of Serpents is this, prefently after the woundto applie
fomelitrle creatures to the Lame, being cut in fmall peeces; and laid hot vntoit, as cocks,
Goats, Lambes, and young pigges: for they expell the poifon and much eafe the paines
thereof. An ounce of Lambes blood being frefh before that it doth congeale mixed with
Vineger, and drunke for three daies together, is an excellentremedy againft the vomit-
ting or {petting ofblood. Thelike force init hath the blood ofa Kidde. The bloode ofa
Lambe mingled with wine, doth heale thofewhichare troubled with the falling fickneffe,
as alfo thofe which haue the fowle euill. For the conception ofa Woman, takethe yarde
and gall of a Bucke, a Kid,anda Hare, with the blood and fewet of a Lamb, and the mar-
row ofa Hart,and mix them altogither with Nard and oyle of Rofes and after her purga-
tion, let them be laied vnder her,and thiswithout all doubt wil make her apr to conceiue.
The skins of Serpents being annointed with water inabath, and mingled with lime and
Lambes fewet, doth healethe difeafe called S. Anthonies fire. The marrow ofa Lambe
melted by the fire, with the oyleof Nuts and white fugar, diftilled vponacleane difh or
platter, andfo dranke, doth diffolue the ftone in the bladder, and is very profitable fora-
ny that piffethiblood.. It alfo cureth al paires or griefes ofthe yarde, bladder, or reynes.
The skin ofa Lambe being dawbed orannointed with liquid-pitch,and applyed hot vato
the belly ofany onethatis troubled with excoriations of the bowels or the bloody flix wil ae
very fpeedily cure him, ifhe hatie any fence or feeling of coldin him. Ifa Virgins men-
{rial fluxes come not forth atthe due time, and her belly is moued, itis conuententtoaps
ply lambs skins being hot vntoher belly and they willinfhort fpace caufethem to come
forth.A garment made of lamb skinsis accofinted very good forthe corroborating and -
{trengthning of yong men. The skins of lambes are more hot then kids skins,& are more
vrofitable for the confirming ofthe backe andthereinés. Thelitdlebone whichisin the
tight fide ofa Toad being boünd ina young lambes skin being hot, doth heal both quar-
‘Taine and al other feauersbeing aplied thereunto-The duftof lambs bones is very much
andrightly vfedfor Vlcers which haue no cheps or ftars in them. The duft of fmal cattels
. ‘dungbeing mingled with Nitre, butefpecially of lambs, hath in them great force to heal
Marcellus
Pío.
Marcellus
Pha.
Mare 2a
cankers-the duft of lambs bones, is very nitích commended for the healing and making of ^
greene wounds fonnd andfolide, which thing by the Saracens is much verifiedin regard
that atal times they goto war,they neuer forget totake of chefame along with chem. The
lunes of lambs dovery effectually curethoft whofe feete are wrung or pinched by theyr:
fhoo-foles. The lungs of lambs or rams being burned, and theduft thereof mingledwith:
‘oile, is very profitable for the curing ofkibes or vicers, being applied thereunto.: It hath
the fame vertue being raw & bound vpon the fore. Fhe runnet of a lambe is of very.greae:
force againf¥al other eui] medicines. Therunnets of {mal cartel but efpecially ofa lamb, is
very effeAtualagainftal kinds of poyfoüi; "The runnetsofalid,alambe, and a hind-calfe
"are conneniently taken again ft VVolfe-banedrunkeinwine. "Therunnet ofa harejakidj 4o.
oralimbetákenin wine to the weight ofa dram is very effe&uallagainfttheforke-fifhy8e -.;
cuteththe bitesor ftrokes ofal Sea-fithes. Therunnet ofalamb drunk iu wineisanexcel~ |
Tent cure for thebitings of afhrew. The tunnet ofa lamb drunk in water is accounted for
afafegard to young children who aré vexed with thickeand concrete milke - or ifthe de-
fault fhalhappen by curded mille it wil be foone remedyed by.alambes runnetsgiuen in
‘Vineger.A Lambs runtiethid or poured ihtowater,doth{peedily cohibit the bleeding of
the nofe, when hothing elfécan flay it-Fhegaloffmal Cattel but efpecially ofa Lamb be-
ing mixed with liony;are thoghtto be veryomedicinable for the curing ofthe falling fick-
hes. The places whichare infected by canketsjbeing anointed ouer withthe gal ofalamb
are very fpecdily andeffetually healed. — iy bsm s)he :
There isalfo by the Magicians delivered vnto vsafpécdy meansforthe euring ofthe
melt, which isthis, totakea Lambnew bora, 8cinftantly to pluck him in pieceswithones
‘hands,and whenthe melt is pulled óutto'putit hot vponthe melt ofthe party fo grieued;
and bind it on faft with fwadling cloathes, and continually to fay, I makea remedy forthe
melt : then in the lat day the fame being taken Írom his body to patittotheNVallofthe
dt bed
se
of the Sirepficeros. 655
bed whereinthe difeafed party is wont to lyc,it being firft daubed wich durt, that it might
the better ftick,and to figne the durt with feuen and twenty markes, faying at euer; mark;
I make aremedy for the melt, thisremedy being done three times it will healethe difea-
fed party although he be very weake and full of danger. But this is the opinion of the Ma-
gicians, which | herefér downe that they fhould rather fee their folly thembeleeuc, know-
ing themto be meere fopperies. For making the wool to grow flower, the gelders of cat- -
telanoiat the bloud which commeth from the ftones of gelded. Lambes , which being
anointed, doth profit very much for haires being pulled away,as alfo againft poifon. The
dung of Lambes before they haue tafted of any graffe, being dryed in the (haddow, and
rubbed to powder and applyediin the manner ofa plaifter, doth heale and eafe alkindes
10 ofpaines in thcchaps or iawes. And thus much for the medicines ofthe fheepe.
pin
OF THE STREPSICEROS.
Wan: ut
feo
i= HII
Ü
20
-
as :
39 -
‘ALY
2
rtr
72 : 77
4 EOL,
LO rt
S Fever etl
=
SY
W
Here is inCzeete neare the Modntaine 224,3 kind offheep Belozius
called by che Sheapheardes Strep/iceros, which is not dif-
ferent from the vulgar fheep, except onely inthe hornes,
for they bend notlikeother,buc ftand ftraight and vpright
like the Vicorne, and befidearecircled ab out with certain
rou&dfpcetes ikea Goates horne: This liuechrin-fiockes;
arid we haue here befide the figure of the beaft, expreffed
a double form of their hornes;and forepart of their head;
the figure ofa Harpe being faftened to on& ofthem as ic
was prefently draw en, THe defeription whereof was taken
SEXE mot 1 by Doacter Cay of England, inthefe words following: -. |:
The harnes of this Sttepficeros arefoliuely expreffed by Pliay, and fo fidly fitted to
Beare Hatpes, thattliey feeme not toaske any further narration ofwords:L-willthereforé .
- enely adde this, they are hollow within, andlong,abotittwo Roman feet and three palmes
ifyoumedfiire them,as they are ftraight; but if you take their fcantling and length as they
_ efookealictle, then atéthey aboutthree foor long, they: are in breadth where they toyne
wg tothe head, three Román fingers and 3 halfe;and their whole ‘compaffe in that placeis
abouttwo Roman palmes and a halfe" In the top they are fimooth and blacke, but at che
róotthéy are more dusky and tigged growing lefler and leffer toa fharp point. They with
the dryed face did waigh feuen pounds and three ounces, and the face which remainethis
ioyhed tothe hornes, arid likewifethehiaire ofthe necke and face. Icis faidthat this beaft
is as greatas a Hatt hauing ared haire likea Hart. | £^
we
—€——— »
But whether his noftrils were fo alfo I could not conie&ure , by reafon that theage and
long vfe ofthe piece had defaced the nofe which was dried vp,and alfothe haire wasworne
away foasitwas bald, but by that which was moftapparant vnto it.” Irather inclined that
itrefembled a Hart, from hence it was that the drawer madethe noftrils leffechen might
anfwere the proportion of the face,and that which is feene betwixt the hornesit is a piece
of thenecke, by which relation I canot belecue that the Cretican or Idean fheep is a Strep-
ficeros becaufe the hornes thereof do not bendat all,'althoughit anfwreth not the name,
but thetruehornes ofthe Strepficeros doas Ihauefaid refemble the auncient fafhion
ofharpes, among our fore-fathers, efpecially the handle being taken away, and the face
ofthe beaft placed infteaa thereof. |
Vntothis I may adde an-
etherhorn, which is to be
feene inthe Caftle of the
L. Wiliam Wernhere count |
of cimbria, being blacke, hollow, and of the length of ones arme, and as thickeas a great
ftaffe,and it was faid that the beaft beareth two of them, which areto bee feene amonge
the rare monuments of Ferdizándw theEmpeétor, —
co QF THE SQVIRRELL.
—— : =| He name of this beaftis by the Graecians called Stiuros, 8
: it was giuenthem fromthe fafhion & proportion oftheyr
ITIN ET
v ota
c padla|raile, which couereth almoft the-whole body; forthar
I 077 35x |whichis fabuloufly faide ofthe sezapedes to haue feete that 4e
(3 wy 3) , CET couer their whole body, is more truely verified ofaSquir- '
S TU f| rels taile, for in the day time being out of her neff, (he hi-
Y C EA Gr 4| deth her felfe there vnder both from fünne andraine;
ais gw The firft Author thateuer wrote of this beaft was Oppi-
ee oy le y "> who lined inthe daies of Antoninus Caefar, andthe
U Latineshaue no proper or natiuc name for it but borrow
eS from the Grecians, althonghfome ofthe later writers cal
it Pirolus,and Sprurus, I thinke they would fay Sciwrus,forfoitis vulgarly termed.in La-
tine: fomealfocall it Sculurus a currendo, becaufe of his nimblerunning vppon boughes '
Butall the nations ofthe world detiue their feuerall denominations. fromthe eire
asthe Engli(h Squirrel from Scirus is not farre fetched, the French words Efeurien and.
Eftureatt rom whom the Germans borrow their words.Eychorw or, Eichorn,ox Eych hore
ot Exch hermlin that a weafillofthetree, and Das Eychort.. 5 io à
The Iralians call it sehiriuolo, andthe Venetians (as Ma/ariusteftifieth Schiriati, the
Spaniards Harda ,& E/quilo,and{ome do interpret Coma dreia for a Squirrel ; The Illyri-
ans
of
fi
"EP s -
2 SS SSS
4, " Ws :
es) CSS fo =>
e )
TS
Z T 4
ey (
ans Weweeka and fome ofthe Polonians IW/jel/jerka, and fo they turne the moufe Prius
as we hauc faid elfe-wherein that ftory, and fome of the Germans call it Werck,andVceh, ;
and Fech.
Now Albertus and Agricola fay, that there is no difference betwixt the. moufe Vartus
and the Squirrel, but oncly in the region which altreth the colour, and therefore we haue
expreffed the fame figure thereof, remitting the Readerto that which isfaid in that hifto-
ry,forthis (fay they) in Germany is red after it beayeare old, but before that time itis
blackifh, that is tillit bea yeare old : In Poloziaitis ofa red-afh-celour, or branded gry-
fell, in Xu/Ga ofan ordinary afh colour, and fer the quantity, food, and maner, or natural
20
inclination, it bath the fame in all parts withthe moufe Yaris. ‘
Varinus and He/ychiws fay that the Graecians call this beaft alfo Camp/iouros, and Hip-
pouros, and {ome call the Cappadocian moufe Nexis a Squirrell; the Iewes at this daye call
a Squirrell Coach, for itis apparantthat in auncient time til they came into thefe parts of
the world into Gracia and Europe, they neuer knew orfaw this beaft. And this fhall fufiee
to haue faid of the name.
5 SS SS
Wut
2 n» Jd E
m
Uy
z 3 LEDS ML /, =
1e "sea MIT SS
the $ quirrell ;
——=
NS
(VR
.
p ;
"PA 0e
y na
~— ^
^ yd
A Squirrelis greater in compaffe then a Weafil, but a Weafil is longer thenafquir- (' Le oy
3o rel, the backe parts andall the body is red,exceptthebelly which is white.In Helveriathey / — A.
are blacke and branded, and they are hunted in tlie Autumne at the fal of theleafe, when f, wm lr
4
the Trees growe naked, for they run and leape from boughte bough ina moft admirable
and agile manner; and whentheleaues,areon, they cannot bee fo wel difcerned. They
are of three coleurs, in the firftageblacke, in the fecond ofarufty yron colour, andlaft
ofal when they be ftriken in age, they arc ful of white hoare haires. Their teeth arelike
the teeth of mice, hauing the two vnder teeth very long and fharpe, their taileis alway as
bigas their body, andit lyeth continually vpon their backe, when they fleepe or fir ftill-It
feemeth to be given them fora couering as we haue faid already. The maw-gut differeth
from alother, foritis Ceecum, that
is, as I take it without a paflage out of it intoany ether
4° part then the other guts, or likea mans bladder, andit isas great as their ventricle,which
in diffe&ion hath bin found ful ftu
ss writeth.
ft with excrements. The genital is likea bone, as Pe/ali-
They vfetheir forefeet inftead of hands, for they fit vppon their buttockes, and mooue
their meat to their mouth with thema, in this point rele mbling euery little vulgar moufe,
yet being putto the mouth, they holdit in theirteeth. They wil eat Nutsand Almondes
very greedily, and alfo Apples, Buckmafts, Acornes, and fometimes hearbes, efpecially
Lettuce, and al other {weet fruits.
Their feet are clouen like mice,and their hinder parts
very flefhy to fit vpon.In thefummer time they build them nefts, (which in our countrey
are called Drayesyinthe tops ofthe Trees, very artificially offtickes and moffe, andfuch
o 5
other things as woods do affoord
them.
The mouth of theirneft is variable, fometimesat the fides, and fometimes at the top,
but mofi commonly it is fhut again ft the winde, andtherefore I thinke that (hee maketh
many paflages, flopping and opening them as the winde turneth. In fommer time they
gather togither aboundance of fruits and Nuttes for winter, euen fomuchas their little
Dray
Low
653
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafis.
Dray will holdeand containe, which they carrie in their mouthes, and they lodge manie
times two togither,a male anda female (as I fuppofe.)They fleep a great part of the win-
ter like the Alpine moufe, and very foundely for I haue feene when no noife of hunters
couldawakethem withaltheir cries, beating their nefts onthe outfide, and fhootinge
boltes.& arrowes thorough it, vntil it were pulled affunder, wherein many times they are
found killed before they be awaked. M o:
They ate of incredible agility and motion, neuer ftanding ftilasit appeareth by thera
which arc tamed.VVhen they leape from treeto tree, they vfe their taile inftead of wings,
which ismoftapparant,becaufe many times they leap a great diftance and are fupported
without finking to mans appearance.
19
Andagaine I haue feenethem leape fromthetoppe of very hightreesdowneto the :
grounde in fuchan ordinary pace as Birdes flie from Trees to light on the earth, and re-
ceiue no harmeat al: for when theyare hunted;!men muft goetoit with multitude, for
many men cannot take one with bowes and bolts with Dogges, and except they flartand
rouze them in little and {mal {lender woods, fuch asa man may fhake with his hands they
are feldome taken. |
Bowes are requifite to remouethem when they reftin thetwiftes of trees, for they will
not be much terrified with al the hollowiug, except now and then they bee ftruck by one
meanes or other. VVeldothey know whatharboura high eake is vnre them, and how fe-
cure they can lodge therein from men and Dogges, therefore {eeing itwere tootroble-
fome to climbe euerie tree, they muft fupply that bufineffe or labor with bows and belts ,
that when the Squirrel refteth, prefently (hee may feele the blow ofacunning Archer,
he neede not fearedoing her much harme except he hit her on the head, for by reafon of
a {trong backe-boneand fle(hy parts, fhe willabide as greata ftroakeasa Dogge; yea, E
haue feene one remoued froma beugh witha fhot to the ground.
Ifthey be driuen to the ground fromthe treesto creepe into ledges, it isatoken of
their wearineffe, for fuch is che ftately mind of this little Beaft, that while her limbes and
ftrength lafteth, fhe carrieth & faueth her felfin the tops of tal trees, then being difcen-
ded, fhe falleth into the mouth of euery curre, and this is the vfe of Dogges in their hun.
ting.
The admirable witte of this beaftappearethin her fwimming or paffing ouer the Wa-
ters, for when hunger or fome conuenient prey of meat conftraineth her to paffeouera
riuer, fhee feeketh out fomerinde or fmal barkeofa Tree which fheefetteth vppanthe
Water, andthen gocth into it, andholding vppe her taile likea faile, letteth the winde
driue her tothe other fide, and this is witneffed by Olaus Magnus in his defcription of
Scandinauia, where this is ordinary among Squirrelles, by reafon of many rivers, that o-
therwife they cannot paffeouer, alfo they carry meate in their mouth to prevent famine
whatfoeuer befall them, and as Peacockes couer themfelues with their tailes in hot Sum.
mer fromtherage ofthe funne, as vnder a fhaddow, withthe fame difpofition deth the
Squirrell couer her body againft heate and cold.
They growe exceeding tameand familiarto menifthey beaccuftomed andtaken
when they are young, forthey runne vpto mens fhoulders, \and they will oftentimes fit
, vpon their handes, creepe into their pockets fer Nuttes, goe out of doores, and returna
homeagaine, butif they be taken aliue, being elde, when oncethey get loofe, they will
neuer returne home againe, and therefore fuch may welbee called Semiferi rather them
Cicures. | |
They are very harmeful, and wll eat al manner of woollen garments, and if it were not
forthat difcommodity, they were fwecte-fportful-beaftes, and are very pleafant play-
fellowes ina heufe.
It is faide, that if once they taft of Garlicke, they wil neuer after biteany thinge, and
this is prefcribdby Cardas totame them, their skins are exceeding warm ,&welregarded
by skinners;\for their heat is verie agreeable to thebodies of men, and therefore they are
mixed alfo withthe skins of Foxes. Their fleth is {weet but not very: wholefome except
the Squirrelwere a blacke one: It istender and comparable tothe fleth of Kids or Conies,
andl their tailes are profitable to make brufhes of.
The
-
3e
4s
ge
Yo
Of the S. guirrell
The medicins are the fame for the moft part which are before expreffed in the Dormous
fauing that [may adde that of Archigenes, who writeth that the fat of a Squirrell warmed
onarubbing cloath, and fo inflilled into. the eares, doeth wonderfully cure the paines in
the eares.And fo I conclude this hiftory of the Squirrel] with che Epithets that Martzall
maketh ofaPeacocke,a Phainix,anda Squirrel, ina comparifon of a bewtifull Virgin
Erotion. :
Cui comparatus indecens erat pauo.
Inamabilis [eimeus cr frequens Phenix.
Of tbe Getulian Si guirrell, de[cribed and figured
by Doctor Cay.
40
$0
His Getulian or Barbarian Squirrell, is of mixt colour, as
it were betwixt black and red, and from the fhoulders all
along to the taile by the fides, there are white and ruffet
firakes or lines, which in a decent and feemely order
ftandinranks or orders; and there be fome of thefe Squir-
rels which haue fuch lines of white and blacke, with cor-
refpondentlinesin the taile, yet they cannot be feene ex-
ceptthe taile bee ftretched out at length, by rezfon there
is not much haire vpon it. The belly feemeth to belikea
blewcolour vpona white ground. It isalittle leffethen
the vulgar Squirrel, and hath notany eares extant orftan-
ding vp as that, but clefe preffed to the skin round and aryfing alittle in length by the vp-
per face ofthe skinne.. "The headis likethe head ofa Frog, andin other things it is very
like the vulgar Squirrell, forboth the outward fhape, the manner, and behauiour, the
meatand meansoflife agree in both,and fhe alfo couereth her body like other Squirrels.
This pi&ureand defcription was taken by him from one of them aliue, which a Marchant
of London brought out of Barbary.
They are very pleafabtt and tame, and it is very likely that itis akind of Egyptian or
Affrican moufe, whereof there are three forts defcribed by" Herodotus, the firftcalled pi-
pedes thefecond Zegeries, and the third Echines, of which we haue already fpoken inthe
ftory of diuets kinds of mice, and therefore I will eere end the difcourfe of this beaft.
ci
SS
Se ane Eat
660
' asit was taken by The: ===
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
OF A WILDE BEAST IN THE
new-found world called Su.
Here is a region
inthenew-found |
world, called G;- La MM EAL
gantes , and the inhabi-
tants thereof are called
Pantagenessnow becaut
their countreyis cold,
being far in the South,
they cloath themfelues
with the skins of a beaft
called in theyr owne
toong S#,for by reafon
thatthis beaftliueth for
the moft part neere the
waters, therefore they
eal it by thename of su
which fignifieth water. z= ae : =
Thetrue-image therof X Va — 4, eese * IT
=
netiis, I hae hecrein-
ferted, for. it isofa very
“deformed fhape,and monftrous prefence,a great rauenerand an vntamable wilde beaft
When the hunters that defire her skinne fet vpon her, fhe flyeth very fwift, carrying her
yong onesvpon her back, andcouering them with her broadtaile: new forfomuchasno 39
Dogge or man darechto approach neere vnto her, (becaufe fuch isthe wrath therof, that
inthe purfuit fhe killeth all that commeth neare hi), the hunters digge feuerall pittes or
greatholes inthe earth, whichthey couer with boughes fticks, and earth, fo weakly that
if the beaft chanee at any timeto comevponit, fhe and her young ones fall down into the
pic andaretaken. | - à
This cruell, vatamable, impatient, violent, rauening, and bloody beaft, perceiuing
that her aaturall (trength cannot deliuer her from the wit and policy of menherhunters,
(for being inclofed, (hee can neuer get out againe,) the hunters being at hande to watch
her downfall, and worke her overthrow, fitft ofall to faue her young ones from taking 8c
taming, fhe deftroyeth them all with her owne teeth; for there was neuerany. of them ta-
ken aliue, and when fhefeeth the hunters come about her, fheroareth, cryeth, howleth;
brayeth,and vttereth fucha fearefull, noyfome, andterrible clamor, that themen which
watch to kill herjare not thereby a littleamazed, butaclaft being ahimated;becaufethere
canbe no refiftance, they approch, and withtheir darts and {peares' wound herto death,
and then take off her skin, and leaue the carcaffe in the earth. And this is all that [findere-
corded of thismoft fauage beaft. ! odi lá
Of the Subus, a kinde of wilde...
: Water-fheepe. |
1 His beaftis called by Oppianus Soubos,andthereof the Latines call it Subus Bé:
=| dine in his interpretation of Oppianus, doth make it one beaft withthe Szrep/f-
| ceros, but becaufe he expreffeth no reafon thereof, Itake it that he was decei-
3^
s
cane, cannot agree with the Sérep/iceros, (for he faithyonly it is the famebeaft which Pliny
calleth a Szrepfeeres. But
rio
20
40
go
of the Swine. 661
But we know by the difcription of Oppianus, that this beaftis of red-gold-colour, ha-
uing two (trong armed hornes on the head, and liveth fometimes inthe Sea, and water,
fometimeontbeland. Ofallkinds of fheepe this is the worft and moft harmefull, rane-
ning after lifeand blood, for it goeth to the water, and therein fwirameth: when the fill
fimpleFithes feethis glorious (hape in the waters;admiring the horns,and efpecially the
| Golden colour, they gather about it in great flocks and abundance, efpecially Shrimps,
Lobfters , Mackarell, and Tenches, who follow him with fingular delight on either fide, .
both theright and the left, prefling who fhall come neareft;to touchand haue the fulleft
fight ofhim; fo they accompany him in rankes for louc of hisfo ftrange proportion.But
| this vnkindeand rauening beaft, defpifing their amity, fociety, and fellowfhip, maketh
| 1o butabaitof his golden outfide and colour, to drawe vnto him his conuenient prey,and
| beguile the innocent fiíhes,for he fnatcheth atthe neareft,and dcuoureththem, tarying
| no longer in the Water then his belly is filled, and yet thefefimple fooli(h fithes fceing
| their fellowes deuoured before their faces hauenot the power or wit to auoid his deuou-
| rets fociety , but ftillaccompany him and weary him out ofthe VVaters till becan eateno
more, neuer hating him, or leauing him, but as men which delight to be hanged in filken
halters, or ftabbed with filuer and golden Bodkins, fo do the fithes by this:golden-colo-
| red-deuouring-moníter, Butfuch impious cruelty is not left vnreuenged innature, for
as fhe gathreththe fifhes together to deftroy them, fo the fifher men watching that con-
courfe, do entrappe both itand them,rendering the fame meafure to the rauener, that it
,, had doneto hisinnocent companions. Andthus much (hal fufficeforthesubys or wa»
ter-fheepe. |
Of the Swine in general.
Vt Ling to difcourfe of this beaft, althogh thekindsofitbenot many The(ruer:
A as isin others, yetbecaufe there are fomethinges peculiar to the ^^^
P Bore, and therefore he deferueth a fpeciall (tory by himfelfe, I will
firft ofall deliuerthe common properties in a generali Narration,
and afterward difcend to the fpeciall. Forthe names of this beafte,
at IM thereare many inall languages, and {uch as belong to the feuerall
se Kes {Re (cxand age of every one. Foras in Englifh we calla young {winea
Ceo 3406 Pigce, A weaning Pigge, a [Deate, a Yealke, and {o foorth : likewife,a
Hogge, a Sow, a Barrow,a Libd-Hog,alibd-Sow a Splayed Sow, Gelt Sow, a Baffe,for
the elder {wine, fo in other Nations they obferue fuch like titles. The Hzbrewes cal a Bore
Charsir,anda Sow Chaferah,the Chaldees Deut.4.for Chasir twanflate Chasira, the Arabi-
ans Kaniferthe Perfians Mar-an-buk the Septuagints Hus,and S.Hierome,Sus. The Arabi-
ans allo vfe Hazir,and Acanthil, for a hog, Achira,and Scrofa.
The Grecians do alfovie Sus or Zs, Choiros and Suagros.Thewilde hog is called Kas
4° pron, from hence I conie&ure is derived the Latine word Apex. The Italians do valgarly pum
call it parce, and the Florentines peculiarly ciacco, and alfo the Italians callafow with pig
Serofaand Troiata or Porcofattrice, The reafon why thatthey cala Sow thatis great with
Pigge Treiata, or Trojaria,is for the fimilitude with the Troian horíe, becaufe as that Vr
in the belly thereof did include many armed men, fo doth afow in her belly many young zu,
pigs, which afterward cometo the table and di(hes ofmen.A Batrow hog is called Maia-
lis in Latine, and the Italians Porce caffralo, and Lo Maiale-The French call a (wine Poreean,
afow Truye Coche, a Bore,Perrat;apig Cochon Porcelet , and about Zyozs,Caion. The bar-
row hog they cal Per-ehaffre.The Spaniards cal {wine Puerco, the Germans fam, or /uw,/
Jchwin, [chwein,afow they cali Mar and looff, a Bore A eber, which feemeth to be deriued
5° ‘trom Aper, a barrow hog Barg,afplaied fow Gultz,a pig Ferle, and Seule, anda fucking
pig /panfoerle.In little Brittaine they callahogHoueh, and therof they cala Dolphin Mer-
houch. The Illyrians call Swine Swinye and Prafe. Yhe Latines sws Percus, and Porcellus ,&
scrofaand thefearethecommonand moftvulgar tearmes of {wines: If there be any other
they arc either deuifed ornew made, or elfe deriued from (ame ofthefe.
4 Ooo Concer-
r qi".
=
662, The Pagiie of Foure-footed Beafts.
d Concerning the Latine worde
gyofthe SH, Ifiderus deriueth 1t from
Greekeand Sub, becaufethefe beafts tread
Latinnames: vider foote praffeand grayne,
and indeede for this caufe the
Egyptians kept their Swinein
the hilles alithe yeare long, till
their feed time, tor when their
corne was fowne, they droue
them ouer their newe plowed
Landes, to treadin the graine,
that the Fowls and Birds might
not roote it orícrape it forth a-
gaine,& forthis caufe alfo they
{pared Swinefrom facrificing.
Bur in mine opinion itis better
deriued from Hus the Grecke
word: For the Latine Poreus,is
thoughtto be fetched from per
rectus, becaufehis fnowteis al-
way {tretched forth,and fo hee
feedeth, digging with it inthe
earth, and turning vp the roots
oftrees : but I beer approoue
the notation of Jsidorus, Por cas
quafi fpurcus quiacano c limo fe
volutat. Thatis,becaule itrow-
leth and walloweth in the mire,
Porcetra ox Porcetaforafow that
hath hadde but one farrowe, &
Seropha fora {owe that hath had —
many. The Grecians Hus is de-
rived from Thaeim, which figni-
fieth tokil in facrifice,for great
was the vfe of facrificing this
beaftamonge the Paynims, as
we fhall fhew afterward. Thean-
cient Greeians did alfo tearme
{wine Sika,and when the Swine
herds did cal thebeafts to their
" meates, they cryed Sig, Sig: as
in our Countrey their feeders
cty T7¢,Ti¢,Choiros of their fee-
dingand nurfing their younge
ones.And indeede from Swine
|
il
|
|
u N
S::=
UL
ON
n SW (D S ! (fU id
] XU Vlll
ed ra
we finde that many men hauc alío receiued names ,as Scipio Suarius, and Tremellins Sere-
m fa; whereupporilieth chis hiftory, as he writech when Licinus Nerua was Praetor, his great
iftory of Vncle was left Queftor in his abfence for Macedonia, vntill the Prztor returned. The ene-
the family of
S.tofi, mies thinking that nowe they had gotten opportunity and adtiantage agaiaft their befie-
gers or aflaylants, caufed an onfetto be made, anda fight tobe offered, then his Vnckle
exhortingthe Romane Souldiors to Armes, toldethem, Se ccleretar bofles disieCturum
vt ferofaporcellas That he would as eafily caft them off and fcatter them as afow doth hir
pigges fucking her belly, which he performed accordingly ,-andfo obtained a great vic-
_ tory, for which Aversa was made Emperour, and hee was alwaies euermore afterwarde
called Serofa,
Masrobins
\ Of the Swine.
Macrobius telleththe occafion ofthe name ofthe family of scrofa fomewhat otherwife
yet pertaining tothis dicourfe. Tremellius (faith hee) was with his family and children,
dwelling ina certainc village, and his feruants fecing a ftray Sow come among them,the
owner whereof they did not know, prefently they flew her, and brought her home. The
Neighbourthat did owethe Sow called for witneffes of the fa& or theft, and came with
| them to Tremellins, demaunding his Serofz or Sowagaine. Tremellius hauing,vnderftood
| by onc of his feruantsthe deed, layed it vp in his Wiues bed,& couering it ouer with the
| ^ cloaths,caufed her to lye vpon the Sowes carkafe, and therefore told his neighbour hee
) fhould come inand take the Serefayand{o had brought him where is wife lay, and {wore
| xo hehad no other Sow of his but that, (hewing him the bed, andfo thepoore man was de-
| ceiued by a diffembling oth, for which caufe(he faith) the name of Serofa was giuento that
family. There wasone Pope Sergius, whofe chriften and firft name was Os porci, Hogges
fewet, andtherfore he being clected Pope,changed hisname into Sergii, which cuftome
| ofalteration of names, as that was the beginning, fo it hath continued euer fince that time
| among allhisfucceffours. Likewife weread of Porcellusa Grammarian, of Porcellius, a
Poet of Naples, who made a Chronicle ofthe affaires of Fredertcke Duke of Vrbine, Pore
€ius , Suillus, Verres, the Praetor of sycilia, Syadra, Sybotas, Hyas, Hyagnis, Gryllus Prosillay
and many fuch other giucfufficient teftimony of the original of their names, to be drawen
| from Swine, and notonely men, but people and places ; as Hyate, Suales Chorreata, three
| go names ofthe Dori in Greece: Hyiaa Citty of Locris, Hyamea a Citty of Mefene, Hyamaiona
Citty of Troy, HyampholisaCitty of phocis whereby to all pofterity it appeareth, that oc band
| they were Swineheardesat the beginning; Exwl Hyantanes inuenit regna per agros Hyape,
| Hyops a Citty in Ibecia, Hy/iaa Citty of Boeotia, and Pliny calleth the tall people of Ehtop,
which wer 8.cubits in height Sybore,andthelikeI mightadde of many places, Cities,pco-
| ple; fountaines, Plants, Engins, and deuifes, plentifull in many Authors, butI willnot
| | trouble the Reader any longer with that, which may be but thought tobee vnneceffary.
Onely I cannot containe my felfe from the fi&ion ofa Swines nameand Teftament, or
laftwill,forthe mirth and wit thereof,as it is remembered in Celis and beforein S. se-
Ó—À—
663
Colis
Names of
men taken
from {yvine.
|
. | rom, andlafly by Alexander Braficanus,and Geo. Fabritius, Ywillexpreffc both in Latine "
Sb and Englith in this place. fos
M. Grunnius Corocotte Porcellus teflamentum feci, qnod quomiam manu mea propria fcribe.
| re non potui .[eribendum dictani. Magiruscotus dixit veni huc euer[ór domi, foliuer[or fugi-
gine porcelle, ego bodie tibi vitam adimo. Coracotta porcellus dixit fi qua feci, ff qua peccaui fe
| qua va[cula pedibus meis confregi,rogo domine caque , veniam peto ,roganti concede .. Magirus
coquus dixit, tranfipner ad fer mibi de culnta cultrum ,vt bunc poreellum cruentum faciam.Por-
celius comprehenditur à fumalis ductus fub die x 6. Cal. lucerninas, vbi abundant cyme. Cliba-
| nato C piperata confulibus, ci-vt vidit fe mariturum effe, bore [atium petit, coquum roga-
uit vt teflamentum facere poffet. Inclamamt ad fe [nes parentes, vt decibarijs fui aliquid di
amitteret eis qui ait, patri meo verrino Lardino, do lego, dary elandis modios 30. c matri mes
| 49 veturrina Serofe doslego dari latonica filigines modios 4o-c [orari mee Quirina, incuius vo-
| Sum intercefe nonpotut, do, lego, dari hordei modios, 30. € de meis vifceribus dabo, donabe
| fotoribus [etas, rixatoribus capitinas furdis auriculas , caufidicis et verbofis linguam, bubula-
| rijsinteftina, efftiarisfemora mulieribus Iumbulos,pueris vefica puellis caudam, cinadis muf-
_ &ulos,cur[oribus ci venatoribus talos, latronibus ungulos, c net nominando coquo, do, lego,
|o «dimitto popam c piftillam, quemecum detuleram à quer ceto v[4, ad haram, liget fibi colla
| de reffe. Volo mibi feri monumentum ex literis aureis fo i M. Grunnivs Corocotta porcel-
lus vixit annos D. CCCC.xe.9.quod fi [emis vixiffet mille annos Compleniffet.. Optimi ama-
| sores mei velcon[ules vite, rogoves vt corpori meo beneficiatis bene eondtaris, de bonis condi-
gnentis umclei ptperis e mellis ut momen meum in [empiternum nominetur . Mei domini, di
| 50 confobrini mei, qui buic teflamentointerfuifhis iubete fignariTeftes,
4 :
LI
Lucanicus fignauit, Tergillus fignauit, Nuptialicus fig.
Celfanus fign. Lardio (fen.Offelieus (ign. Cymatus fign.
Ooo 2 In
A fi&ion ef
of a hogs wil
& teftament
3 — - (— —— :
E E - — mm =e a E ce —— E Me -
i 1i
|
Td
Vp
]
= RE on eae
T according to the Poets fayings.5 .
664. The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
In Englith without offence I may tranflate it thus; T, M. Grunter Heeg- fon little pig haue
made this my laft will and Teftament,which becautel could not write with my ownhand,
Ihaue caufed it to be eadited by other. Magirus the Cooke faid vnto. me, come hither
thou vnderminer of boufes, thourooter vp ofland, fearefull, fugitine little Pig; Imuft
this day take away thy life. To whom Hog- [on made thisanfwer; 1£1 hane doneany harm,
| if haue offended, it [hauetrodin peeces any veffels of worth vnder my feet, then I en-
| Hae treat thee good M. Cooke pardon me, and grant me my requeft. But Magirus the Cook
faid, run(fir- kitchin-Boy)and bring meaknife out ofthe Kitchin, that I may let this litle
ig bleed : prefently Ithe little Pig was taken by the feruantes,and by themled thexvi.
day of the calends of Torch-light into the place of Coole-worts, when Fiery-furnace &
Pepper-fpice were Confuls, and when I fawno remedy but that I muft die, I entreated
the Cooke but an houtes {pace to makemy will. Which when I had obtained, I cald my
parents and friends about me, and made my wilin manner following, Of all my meatand
IO
Pal maft. Item I giue to my mother Town-Sow, forty bufhelsoftlie beft Weate. Item] giue
| | | prouifion left behind me, firftI giue vnto Bore-Browne, my father 30. bathelsof Buck-
|
i li Wi my Sifter Whine-pig, 30.bufhels of Barly and fer my bowels [beftow them in manner
following. I bequeath my briftlesto the Coblers and fhoomakers;my brainsto Wrang-
hi lers, my eares to the deafe, my tongue to Lawyers and Pratlers, my intsals tothe Tripe-
id makers, my thighes co the Pye-makers, my loinesto Women, my bladder to Boies, my
|
|
taileto young maides, my mufcles to fhamelefle Dancers,my Anckle-bones,to Lackyes ??
li B : and hunters,my hooues to Theeues. DN
| Item I giue vnto this (vnworthy to beenamed Cook) the Knifeand the pefile;that I
tu | brought out ofthe fpinny ofan Oake, into my ftye, and fo let him tye his Necke witha
i. halter. Alfo my wilis,that there be made for mea monument, wherein fnallbe engra-
ya nen in Golden Letters, this inicription or title, M. Grunter Hog-fon,Little-Pig, aed nine
n hundered ninety nine yearesandahalfe,andif he hadliued but one halfe yearelongerhe
Lu he hadliued athoufand yeares. And youmy Louers and beft counfellers ofmy life, I
| befeech youdo goodto my dead carkafe, falt it well with the beft feafon of Nutmegs,
ip E Pepper, and Honny, thatfo my name and memory may remaine for euermore.: And
3i you my Maifters and kindred which hauebeene prefentat che making of my will; Ipray 30
1j] you caufe your markesto be put thereunto. :
i Witnefles ; vo MU
iy Wood-Hogs marke, Briftle-backes marke, Towne-Boares markey os. :
Mountaine-Hogs marke, Bacon-Hogs marke, Swik-Hogs marke. co Mow
Mar{h-Hogs marke. VCI CT
*
Ihaue expreffed this difeourfe for no other purpofe butto fhew the Rea. what. proper feig
ned names haue beene or may be giuen to Swine, and fonot to hold hinvaaylongerin
pre this difcourfe, I will proceede from thenames to the natures of thisbeaftAnd firft ofall
"to begin with the common and vulgar epithets, which are as fo many fhort.definitions
j un r as theyare words, as thatof Horace, Amica [us luto, a durt-louer, clouen footed;beaftly, 4o
clamorotis;Acron-eater, rough, horrible, fearefull, fluggith; filthy, vncleane;impatis
n ent, loud, glad of food, miry, fat, wet, follower, moyft; greedy; tender,andmilkeefucker,
Late mero pafeum pigra mibt matris alummtmy.. cma es
ponat : Cy Aetolo de fuediues edat. ss come
Countries — Swtnearein the moft countries of the world. Yet Ariftotleand Aetian report; that there
wherein , ; : dera É:
ti feine do not arenonein Jadian,& Arabza Scein:and moreouer there isin the people of thofe countries
i wroughtinthem by any inftin& or opinion of religion (asitis inthe Iewes/ but rather
1 by a naturall inclination of the place and region wherein they liue;for it is {aid alfo that if
T : Swine be broughtthither from any other place, they dyewithin fhort fpace. «s
Pliny affirmeth, that there are Boaresamong fome of the Indians which haue horns,
| and
:
breede, fücha dete ftation of them; that they cannot endure:to: eate their flefh;whichethisisnot 59 — |
4.
Toms
LIU
IO
20
of the Swine. | 665
and the likeis affirmed of the Ethiopians. The Swine of sycily are accounted thebeftof
all other for food. In Banariathey areleane,butin Burgundy or the neather Germany they
are fierce, firong,and very fat. Thofewhich are carried into Hipaniola,arefaidto grow
tothe ftature of Mules.
Now concerning thefeuerall partes of Swyne, it is moft certaine that inwardly they do
more refemble a mansbody then an Ape, for as al writers do affirme, that outwardly the
proportion of Apes come neareftto men, according to the Poets verfe ;
Pet, Martyr
Simia quam fimilis turpiffma beflia nobis,
Soon the other fidea Swynes Anatomy doth more liuely expreffe the inward members
and feate of life, and therefore our predeceffours did fifi ofall diffe& a Swyne, and then
aman, forthe Swine wasan example or introduction to the other ;and in Swine they
chufealeane Hogge, becaufethar allthe veffels and inftrumentall partes do better and
more clearely appeareto thefightthen inafat Hog. Thereisnotaccording to Arsforle,
much marrow in their bones, and their skin isall ouer rou gh and hairy, and yet the haire The anatho-
not fo thickeas an Oxes, yet much longer and ftiffer, ftanding vp vppon the ridgeof the my and feue
backe, the colour of Swine is vncertaine and varieth not only after the diuerfity of the ^ P*"*
Countrey, but in euery Countrey it is diuers init felfe, fome arewhite, fome branded,
fome fanded, fomered, fome black, fome pyed, fomenone of thefe,and fome al of thefes
yet in Germany for the moft part red,and in France and Italy blacke.
Betwixt the skin and theflefh there lyetha fatcalled Zarde lardeand Aruiza. Their
braine is very fat, and in the waine of the Mooneitis leffe then any other beaftes. Their
cies are hollow, and ftand very deepe intheir heads, and therefore cannot by Art of man.
- betaken out without danger of death,and if one ofthembe at any time perifhed, itis haz-
LO
30
4o
zard but the Swine dycth.
Their eie-browes moue more downeward toward their Nofes,and are againe drawne
vp toward their temples, and their forehead is very narrow, by which in ancient time they
judged ordeemedafoole or foolith vnwife difpofition,as by ftanding vp of the lips about '
the canine teeth, betokeneth a contumelious and clamerous rayler, and thicke lips,anda
round mouth ftanding forth, the difpofition of a Hog.
The fnout is long and firong, and yet broad to caft vp the earthfor food, hauingon’
the tippe a rifing griftle round,and more piked,at the top betwixt the Noftriles, where- e/fr/f'erie
withall it firft entereth the earth by digging. Vpon their vnder chap there are teeth which:
grow out oftheir head, and the Boares hauefome which the females haue not: For even
as the Elephanthath two teeth growing downewarde,fo bath the Boare twoe growin
vpward. The male as we hauefaid hath more then the female,and neither of both doloofe
or change them by any corfe of nature. Ástbe Horfe hath his mane,fo hath a Swine cer-
taine briftles on his Necke (called therefore by the Grecians Lophia,) this necke is broad
and thicke, and init lyeth the ftrength of the beaft, and therefore it is obferued by the
Phyfognomers that a man with {uch a necke isanangry foole.
The collop next to the necke called vulgarly Caé/a/um, ought co be broad & ftiffe. It is
' faidoffore harts thatthey hauetheir gallin their eares, and indeede inthe eares of Swine
so
there is founda certainchumor not much vnliketo a gall : yet leffeliquid, and therefore
by reafon ofthe denfity or thickneffe thereof, comparableto the humor ofthe Spleene.
Theventricleis large to receiue much meate, and to conco& it perfe&ly, we call it vul-
garly the bucke, and thereare in it but few fmooth ribs or creftes,and inthe liuer partes
whichare very great,there is a certaine hard thing white like a ftone. The females haue
twelue vdders or dugs vnder the belly but neuerleffe then ten,ifthey want of twelue;and
theBoares hauetheir ftones on their feat behind them ioyned together, which being taken
off, are called bythe Latines Polimenta.
But in the female there is a great miracle of nature, for the place of conception is one-
ly open tothe vdders or downeward, but when her luft commethon her, by often tickling Ayifosie,
and (triuiug {heturneth itaboutto meere with the Boares infttument in generation.
Ooo 3 And
NOD ALL aan - nud
Taw XL pU , AT
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
y |
Adthisbaers called 4pria, which hangeth in the female inward, as the ftones ofthe |
Boare do outwardly. In fome places thereare Swine whichare not clouen-footed, but |
wholehoouedlikca Hórfe; yetthis is very feldome or accidentall for the moft part alare
' clouen-footed, Ariftorle afirmeth,that there are Swine whole hoouedjin Miria,Paowia,
‘The choyce
or outward
markes ofthe
belt Swyne.
The food of
Swine.
Nigidius |
Poss
and Macedonia, and Albertus faith, chat he hath bin informed offome fuch feenein Eng-
land, and alfo in Flanders. |
The Ancklesare doubifulljas itwerein proportion betwixt the Anckle ofa whole and
ofaclouenhoofe. Now by this that hath beene {aid and fhall be added, we muftmake
vp the defcription ofa perfe& Swine, forthe better knowledge ofthe Reader,which may
be this, of a ftraightand {mall head. Thebeftforme isto baue latge members,exceptthe ro
head and feetjatid ofone vmforme colour; not parted or variable, notold, but ofaigood
race or breed. | ]
Therebe fome that for the choice of their Swine domake thisobferuation, they chufe
them by their face, by the race, and by the Region, by the face, when the Boareand Sow
are of geod and beautifull af pectss by the race, if they bring forth many andfately,not
cafting Pigges, by the Region when they arenot bred wherethey bee of a fmall;flender, |
or vile ftàtore; and efpecially this is obferued in the Male, bycaufe that inall beaftesthey |
are oftentimes more like the fire then the Damme 5 the refore it is better in Swine tohaue
athicke;round, and well fer Hogge, thena long fided one, howbeit {ome approue Hogs
withlong Legs. The buttockes ought to be flefhy, thebelly large and prominent,and 49
the Snowts (hort andturning vpward 5” yetthe Soweis belt, that hath thelargeft fides,
ifallthe other members be correfpondent. |
- Likewife in cold Countries they muftchufe their Swine with rough and thicke haire,
but in warmer and more temperate Climats, any haire be it neuer fo fmall will ferue the
tutne, efpecially if itbe blacke. Aad thus much fnall feruein this placefortheirfene- |
rall partes and members: Now wee will proceedeon to their nourifhment and:copula- |
tion. . "i
.' [tis moft certaine that Swine are ofa lot temperament, and for that caufeit com-
meth to paffe chat they donotloofe theitVVinter haire, forby réafon ofthe fat neere to |
their skinné;thereis aboundance of heatewhich keepeth faftthe roots of the haie. Their |
food therfore and nouri(hment is eafily digefted in euery part,for chat whichisfoftrong ^^ |
inthe noiititüreof the haire;muft needs be of correfpondent power imother parts-Some
háuethoughethat Swine care not for Graffe or Hearbes; but onely rootes and therefore
Hath a peealiat fnout roatrain them,butl find by experience thatthey wil eatgraffe abone
che earth, afwelas rootes beneath, & theyloue to feedein heardes together. Theyloue'a |
boue meafure Acornes,and yet. being giuento thenialone they arc hurefull,and bring |
rio lefle damageto them thet to Sheepe (though not fo often) efpecially to Sowesthat : |
bewithpiege: Thebefttime for gathering of Acornsis in Nouember, anditisaworke
fort Women and Children. “The Woodes of Italy are fo full of Acornes that they nou- |
ifl abouridance of Swine, arid that therewith are fed the greareft part ofthe Romaine |.
people. vy: pd Hi o2 tegis: Y |
' They delight alfo in Bücke:maft, andthat meate makeththe Swines &e(h lights eafie |
of digeftion,and apt for the ftomacke:Infome Countries Hawes haue thefamevertue to |
fat Hoages, that is in Acornes, for they makethem waighty ; ftvaight, neatéyand fweete. |
TThenext vnto this Holme Berries do fat Hogges;faving that they pro cure doofenefic;cx- "|
ceptthey beeatenbylitde and little ?: Theretsa tree which hathfisch: Bieter fruite(cal- |
led Hralipbletis) whereof no beaft willtaft; heereof Hoeges wil raft, but.inextreaime fa- |
mine and hunger, when theyare withourall other foodaad meate. ^: sno; lv |
The faite or Apples of Palme-trees (efpecially füchas erow in fale grounds:nearethe |
Séa fides ad incyrene of Afpriea, and ‘Tuded, anid notin’ Be yprs Cypras; Syrtay Helnetiagand 5e
A(vivia) do fatten and feed Hogges: And indeed thereistcsrceznyfoodwheéreófiheydo ©
nf exte /asilfe tio placé wherein they picke no outifome liviagyboth in Mountains; and
Fens, arid Shine fieldes, but beft of all neare watersjwhe tein: by the bankes fidesthey ga-
ther maity fweete and nobrifhable morfels. rn ot iocos stro táus sd) hiv nd
There are no better abiding places for Hogs then arethe woods, wherein abou jc
bed tücr
t»n
-—
ps ^
0 ———— BR
Of the Sine. (e 667
ther Oakes; Beeches, Corke-trees, Holme, wilde Oliues, Tamariske, Hafels, Apples, or
Crab-trees, white Thorne, the Greeke Carobs, Pine-trees, Corne-trees, Lote-trees, Pies oF
^ Prune-trees, Shrubs, Hawes, or wilde Peares, or Medlers,and{uchlike 5 for thefe frutes a CHR
grow ripe füeceffiuely one after rhe other,forthereis no time'ofthe yeare wherein fome .
ofthem are notto be gathered foft and nozi(hable, whereby che heards of fwine may be
maintained.
But ifat any time this food ceafe;: and not to be found, then muft ther befome other
prouifion out of the earth, füchasis corne, or graines, and turn your Hogsto moilt'pla-
ces wherethey may picke vp worms, and fuck vp fat fenny water, which thing is aboue al
1o otherthings gratefull tothis beafte; forwhich caufe it pleafed the Holi-ghoft in fcripture
to compare the pleafure that~beaftely.men takein finning to the wallowing of fwinein
the mire. «The Dogge (faith S. Peter) is retarned to his vomit, andthe Sow that was wafhed to
wallow inthe mire. For this caufe alfo you muft füffer them to digge in the water, and to
eat Canesand wilde Bul-ruthes, likewife the rootes and tops of VVater-creffes; and you
muft pronide tolay vp forthem in water Acornes,and not {pare corneto giue it them by
hand, as Beanes, Peafe, Fitches, Barly and füch like : And Columella (from whome Ihaue
taken thefe inftru&tions) addeth moreouer,that inthe {pring time before your Hogs go
abroad to bite atthe {weet and frefh-growing-hearbes, leaftthey prouokethemto loofe- Varre
neffe, you muftgine them fome fodden drinke, wath or {will,by vertue whereof that mif-
chicfe muff be auoided, for if it be not, {ixch leanneffe wil follow; chat it wil ouerthrowe 2
and kil them. too sh frt
Infome Countriesthey alfo giuethemthe fcapesor refufe. Grapes of Vintage,and efeliertte
moreouer the frutes of yew tree; which is poifon to Dogees. Ariffomaehus the Athenian ys
by many and fündry praifes aduanceth three-leaned graffe, and among other, for that as
whenitis greene it is commodious for (heepe, fo being dried it tswholefome to fwine.
They loue greene corn, yetitis reported that iffwine eatofit in the eof Siaumine, their
teeth by the law ofthecountrey arebeaten out of their mouthes. It is wholefome to giue
them crüdeor rawe barley,efpecially to a Bore when he is to covple with atowe, but vnto
afow with piggefod. i (c |
2. There isin Bauaria akindeof Scallion which beareth a red-purple-flower, liketo the
3° &ower ofthe Lilly of the vallies, which is greatly fought after and deuoured by fwine.
Theyalío fecke after wilde Vines; andthe hearbe called Hogs-bread, and the roote of ^ veis
wilde rapes, which beateth leaues like vnto violets butfharper,andawhiterooté without ^55...
milke: Byfome it:is called Buch/picke, bycaufe it groweth in woodesamongeBeeches. eounel!
They cat alfo flefh, and abfiain not from fat Bacon, and heerein they differfrommoft of
the rauening creatures, for Doggeswill not tafte of Dogges flefh, and Bearesof Beares,
yet will Hogges eat of Swinesflefhjyea many times the dàmme eáteth hiryousge: ones:
And it isfound that fwine haae norabfiaind fromthefle(h of menand childrenyforwhen
theyihaue beene {laine by thecues; before they could befound ; the greateft parbof their
body was tornein pieces and eaten bywilde {wine:And indeed as we {ee {ome Hens eat
4° vp the Egges that they themfelushanelayd,fo fhal we obferue fonie fowsto:deveurethe
frutes of their owne wombes, whereat we ought not to marucl asat a monvfirols of prot
digious thing, but ratheracknowledgea natural voracity,conftrained inthem thorough
famine and impatience: « inp flan Irtrab erint inde
They alfo eat Snailes and Salamanders, efpecially the Bores ofthe mouritzinesiti ci
licia,atidalthough therebein Salamanders a verye deadly poifon;'yet doctlyit nouhurt
chem atall; butafterwatd when men or beafts tat offucha fwines flc(hiytheoperation of
the poifon worketh vpon them mortally: neithér is this any maruailejfor fo icis when
Frog eateth ofa Toad: and whereas if a man cat Heinlocke,prefently alhisbloodcongea-
lethin his body and hedicth;.but ifa Hogge carthereof, heenot oncly noc-ditth; but
sc thriueth and groweth fat chereby: * Qe gz (at n63251w
Ariftotlereportedone great wonder ofa place about Thracia (as he faith) ‘whereinfor
the compaffeoftwenty paces there groweth Barley; whereof men eate fafelyibut- Oxen,
and (heep;and other creaturesauoid itas mortall poyfon, and fwine wil not'vouchfafe
'to taftof mens excrements that haue eaten thercof,butauoidethem earefully.o
j As
D ——— M
— o «illl
SSS lv D
=o
20
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Albertus.
eAehanuse
EIE Se E a
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FL IRL aT
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
As fwine delight in meat, fo alfo they delight more in drinke, and efpecially inthe Sum-
mer time,and therefore they which keepe fucking Sowes, muftregard to giuethem their
belliful of drinke twice a day and generally we muft not lead them to the watersas we do
Goats, and fheepe,but when the heat of Summer is about the rifing of the Dog-ftar, we
muftkeepe them altogether by water fides,that fo they may at their owne pleafure, both
drinke and lie downe to wallow in the mire, and ifthe coafts be fo dry that this cannot bee
obtained or permitted, then muft they haue water fetin troughes and veffels, whereof
they may taft at their owne pleafure, for otherwife through want of water they grow liuer
and lung ficke. |
Columelis “The miery water doth moft quickly make them fat, and they will drink wine or beere 1°
vnto drunkenneffe, and in thofe countries where Grapes grow if the {wine come into the
vintage, they grow drunke witheating ofgrapes. Allo ifthe Leeze of wine be mingled
with their meat, they grow fat aboue meafureand fenceleffe in their fat, whereby it hath
bin feene thata moufe hath eaten into the fides ofa fat Hog withoutthe refiftance ofthe
beaft: andthelike is reported by P//zy ofthe fonne of L. Apromiws who had bina Conful,
for his bodiegrewfofat that it was taken from him his body remaining immouable.And
inthe {pring time Swine of their owneaccord growfo fat, that many times they cannot
ftand on their legstheir bodies be fo heauy ,nor go any whit;fothat if they are tobe remo
ued, they are not to be drouen but to be carried inacart. |
Varro and Cre[centienfis do report admirable things of the fatnes of fwine For firftvar- ??
rofaith, that hee receiued knowledge from a credible honeft man in Portugallof a Swine
The great fat that there was killed, the offall wherof with two ribbes was {ent to Volwmniws a Senatour,
nes oF twine. Which weighed twenty and three pounds, and the fat betwixt the skin andthe bone, wasa
footand three fingers thicke. ‘Vnto this he addeth the ftory efthe Arcadian Sowe, who
fuffered a moufe to eat into her fat,and breed young ones therein, after (he madeaneft:
which thing he likewife affirmeth ofa Cow. And Cre/centienfis reporteth of an other Lu-
ffitenian Swine, which after the death, weighed fiue hundred feuenty and fiue pounds, and
the Lard of that Hogge was one foorand three fingers broad. And thelike may befaid of
aHoggeat Ba/ill, nourifhed by a certaine Oile-man, in whofe Larde or fatte, after his
death were found manie paffages of micetoo and fro, which they had gnawed intohis 30
body without the ferice of the beaft. |
Themeat & Hogs growe fat in fhort time.In auncient daies (as Pliny writeth) they putthemvpto
belt manner farting threefcore daies, and firft ofall they madethem {aft three daies together,after fix
Hogges, daiesthey may fencibliebe perceiuedto grow fat. There is notany beaftthat can better
or more eafilie be accuftomed to al kinds of food, and therefore doeth verte quicklie grow
fat,thequantitieand flature of their bodie confidered, for whereas an Oxe or Gowe, or
Hart, and füch like Beafts askelong time, yet a Swine which eateth of all forts of meate,
doth very quickely euenin a monethor two or three at the moft, proone, woorthyethe
knife and alfo his maifters table, although in fome placesthey putthem vppeto fattinga
whole yeare together, and how much they profit and gather in their feeding;;itisverye
' eaficforthem to obferue that daily keep and attend them ;and haue the chargeand'ouer- 4?
feeing ofthem. | | ening i
And there muft be had great care of their drinke. In 7/7464; after they putivpa Hog
to fatting, they giue him drinke the firftdaie, and then let him faft from drink two daies,
andfo giuc him drinkeby that proportion, till the feuenth day, afterwarde they obferue
no mere dyet for their Swine, but giue them theirfill of meat aud drinke till théflaugh-.
ter day. In other Countries they dietthem in this fort: After Beanes and Peafe they
giuethem drinke aboundantly becaufe they are folide and harde;but after Oatsand fuch
like; as meale,they giue them no drinkejleaft the meale fwimme vp. and down intheir bel-
ly, and fo be eiected into the exerements without any great profitte. There is nothinge
whereon it liueth, butthereby it will grow fatte except graziag, and thercforcall manner 5°
of graine; Millet feed, Figges, Acornes; Nuttes, Peares, Apples; Cucumbers; Rootes,
and fuchthings caufe them to rife in flefh gratefully, and fo much thefooner ifthey bee
permitted to roote now and then in the mire. |
They muft not be ved to one fimple, or vnmingled; or vacompounded meate; but
with
AL mu
e »
"Ce PLE
J
MM ERR
of the Swine.
with diuers compounds,for they reioyce in variety and changelike other beaftes, forby
this mutation of food, they are net oriely kept from inflamationand windineffe, but pare
of italway goeth into (le(h, and part into fat.
Some v{e to make their {tye wherein they are inclofed to be very darke and clofe, for
their more fpeedy fatting, and the reafon is good, becaufethe beaft is more aptto be qui-
er. You fhall haue Bakers that will fat their Hogges with bran, and in E//atiaa country of
Germany they fatthem with Beane-meale, for thereby they grow fat very {peedily, and
fome with barley meale wet with flat milke.And inthe Alpes they fatthem with Whaye,
whereby their fat and flefh groweth more white and{weete then if they were fatted with
Acorns, yet whay isvery dangerous: for fuch isthe rauening intemperancy of this beaft
10 16 {wilin whatfoeuer is pleafantto histafte, that many times in drinking of Whaye their
bellies growe extended aboue meafure, cuento death, except thatthey bee dieted bya
wife keeper, and driuen vp and downe not fuffered to refttill iz flow foorth againe backe-
ward.
Barly is very nourifhable tothem, whether itbe fod orraw, and efpecially for Sowes
with Pigge, for it preferueth the young ones til deliucry and at the farrowing caufethan
cafie andfafe pigging. Andtocenclude this part, Millers and Bakersfat. with mealeand
bran, brewers with Ale or Barley fteeped in Ale, Oyle-men with the refufe of Nuttes and
Grapes. :
fhe hath alway butlitcle milke, and therefore is not apteto make any goodtidie pigs,and
yet as all other beafts grow leane when they giue fucke, fo alfo doth fwine, Al fwine in hot
regions by reafon ofa vifcous humor, groweth more fat then in the cold regions. In that
part of Fr/fa ncer Germany, they fat Oxenand fwine with the fame meate, forthere you
fhal haue in one ftablean Oxe,and a Hoggetyed behind hin at his taile, for the Oxe be-
ing tiedtothe rack eateth Barly in the ftraw & chaffe, which hefwallowech down'withiout
chewing, and fo the fofteft thereof is digefted in his belly, &the other commeth forth
whole in his dung} thich the Hogge licketh vp and is therewithal fatned.Anditis to bee
remembred, that {wine gelded or fplaied, doe fooner fatten thenanie other. 7-4
To conclude; they loue the dung of men, and the reafon thereof is; becanfe thé feat.
30 of their lift is in their liuer which isvery broadeand infatiable, and thereisnothitigéthae
hatha duller fence of fmelling then this Beafte , and thereforeitis not offended withany
carrion or ftinking {imel, but with {weete and pleafant ointments? as wee fhall thew after-
wardes. © . : —Ó—À 15jLs
Coricerning their generation or copulation,it isto be noted that aBore ormalefWine Ofthecopu-
wil not remaine of validity and good for breed paftthree yeare old, by the opiriiot of all
the diincient, for füchás he engendereth after that age, are but weake and nor profitable
to bekeptand nouri(Tied.Ateight nioneths olde hebegianeth toleapethcfemale, andit
is goodtokeepe him clofe from other of his kiride for two monethisbefore; and ro feéde
hihi with Barly raw; but the fow with Barly fodden. “One Boreis fufficient forteri Sowes,
49 ifoncehe hearethe voice of his female, defiring the Bore he wilInot ence vntil hee beads
mitted, and fo hewil continue pining, and indeed hee wil (uffer the female co hauc al that
can bee, and groweth leane to fatten her ; for which caufe Homer likea wife husbandman
prefcribeth,thatthe male and female Swine be kept affunder till the time of their copula-
tion. Fes; GIGS SS OFS VN
"They continue long i thea&t of copulation, and the reafon thereof is; becaufe his Tuft
is not hot; nor yet proceeding from heat, yet is his feed verie plentiful. They inthe tima
of their copulation are angry,& outragious, fighting with one another very irefully and
for that purpofe they vfe to harden their ribs by rabbing them voluntarily vppon Trees.
They choote forthe moft part the morning for copulation, but ifhe be faranid' young, he
5° ean endure itin euery part ofthe yeare & day, but whenhe is leane,and weake, or old, he
is notable to fatisfie his females luft, for which caufe fhe many times finketh vnderneath
him, and yet he fillethher while (he lycth on the ground, both of them on their buttocks
together. kn
“They engender oftentimes in one yeare, the reafon whereof isto be afctibed totheir
meat
669
Aelianus
Some again there be that grew fat with the rootes of Ferne. Whena Sow'is very far Aertus)|
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Thetimes of
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
meat or fomeextraordinary heat,which isa cómon thing to al that liue familiarly among -
men, and yet the wilde {wine conple and bring forth but oncein the yeare, becaufe they
are {eldome filled with meat, endure much paine to get and much cold, for Venus in men
and beafts, is a companion of fatiety ,and therefore they onely bring forthin the fpringe
time, and warme weather, and itis obferued that in what night foeuer a wilde Hoggeor
fow fatroweth therewill be noftorme orraine. There bee many caufes why thetame do-
metticall Hogs bring forth and engender more often then the wilde, firft becaufe they
are fed with eafe,fecondly becaufe they liue togither, without fear, & by focietyiare more
often prouoked toluft;onthe otherfide the wilde {wine come fildome together, and are
often hungrey, for which caufethey are more dull and leffe venercous, yea many times
they haue but one ftone,for which caufethey are called by 4ri/fotle and the ancient Gre-
cians Chlunes and Momercheis. *
But concerning the fow, fhe beginning to fuffer the Bore at eight moneths of age, al-
alowsborig though according tothe diuerfity ofregionsandaire, they differ in this time oftheir co-
Phiniws,
pulation, for fome begia at foure moneths,and other againc tary tillthey bea yeareold,
and this isno maruell, for euen the male which engendereth before he bea yeare olde,
begetteth but weake, tender, and vnprofitable Pigges. The beft time of their admiffion is
' from the Calends of February vnto the Vernall Equinoétiall, forfoit hapneth thatthey
bring forththe young in the fummer time, for foure months fhe goeth with young, and
itis good that the pigges be farrowed before harueft, that which you purpofe tokeepe al
the yeare for ftore. :
After that you perceiue that the fowes haue conceiued, then feperate them from the
bores, leaft by the raging luft of their prouoking, they be troubled and, endangered to a-
bortment. There be fome that fay, a fow may beare young till (he be feauen yeare olde,
but I willnot ftriucaboucthat whereof euery poore {wine heard-may giue ful fatisfaction.
Atayeare oldeafow may do well, if fheebe couered by the bore in the month of Fe-
bruary. | |
But ifthey begin not tobeare til they be twenty moneths old; or two yeares,they wil
not onely bring foorth the ftronger, but alfo beare the longer time euen to the feauenth
yeare, and at that time itis good toletthem goto riuers,fennes, or miery'places,for cuen
as aman is delighred in wa(hing or bathing, fo doth {wine in filthy wallowing in themire;
therein is their reft,ioy and repofe.. Albereus reporteth, that in fome places of Germany
afow hath bin found tobeare young eight years, and in othertill they were fifteen years.
old, but after fifteene yeareit was neuer feene thata fow brought foorth younge pigges.
If che fowe bee fatte, fhe is alwaies theleffe prone to conceiue with young, whether fhee
t be young or old.
When firftofallthey beginne to feeke the Bore, they leape vpon other fwine, andin
X proceffecaftfoorthea certaine purgation called _4pria, whichis the famein a fow which
Hippomanes is ina mare then they alfo leaue their heard-fellowes, which kind of behavior
or a&iop,the Latines callby a peculiar Verb subare, and that is applied to. Harlottes and
wanton VVomen ,by Horace: ptm: ie
sdb wa Lam}, [ubande,
| ^ Teta cubilia tettag, rumpit. e
Wein Englifh call it Boaring, becaufe fhe neuer refteth to (hewher defire till (he come
to a bore, and therefore when an olde Woman lufteth after a man, being paft luft by all
natural pofsibility fhe is cald 479 /ubans. Andthe beaftis fo delighted with this pleafure
of carnal copulation, that many times the falleth afleepe in that a&ion, and ifthe male be
young or dull, then wil the female leap vpon him and prouoketh him, yea in her rage fhe
fetteth manietimes vpon men and Women, efpecially if that they doe weare any white
Garments, butif their 4pria and priuy place be wetted and moiftned with Vineger. They
haue their proper voicesand cries for this time of their boaring, which the bore or male
vnderftandeth prefently.
They are filled at one copulation, and yet for theirbetter fafegarde, and to preferue~
them from abortment,it is good to fuffer the bore to couer hir twice or thrice,and more
^. ouer
19
20
39
$9
Of the Swine. 67
| ouer, iffhe conceiuenotat the firft, then may fhe fafly be permitted three or foute times
together, and it is obferued chat except her eares hang downe flagging, and careleflely,
| fhe is not filled but reie&teth the feed; but if her eares tall downeward, and fo hang all the
E time that the Boare is vpon her, then is itamoft certaine token that fhe is filled, and hath
conceined with young.
After foure monthes (as we haue faide the Sow farroweth her Pigs that is to fay; in
| the fifth month, as it were in thefeuenteenth weeke: For foisthis beaft enabled by nature
to beare twice inthe yeare,and yetto fucke her young ones two monthes together. And
there is no clouen-footed-beaítthat beareth many atatime except the Sow, except in
her age; for then fhe beginneth toloofe her 4pria or purgation, and fo many times mif-
carrieth,and many times beare but one. Yet this is maruailous thatas fhe beareth many,
fo the engendereth them perfe& without blindneffe, lamenefie, or any fuch other di-
ftrefie, although as wee haue faide before;that in fome places you fhall fee Swine whole
hooued like a Horfle, yet moft commonly and naturally their feete are clouen, and
therefore is thewonder accounted the greater of their manifolde multiplycation, and
the reafon thereof: may arife from the multitude and great quantity of their foode, fot
the humour cannotbe fowell auoyded and difperied in fo litle a bodye as Swine haue,
asin Mares and Cowes, and therefore that humour turneth to multiply natureand na-
turall kind, and fo it commeth to paffe,that by ouermuch humour turned intoa natu- Nighur,
4o all feede, it breedeth much young, and for littlehumour it bringeth forth afew Pigges,
and thofealfo arenot only perfe&t, butalfo the is füfficiently furnifhed with Milktonou
| rifh them, till they be ableto feed themfelues. Forasa fat ground oríoyle is to the plants
| that groweth onit, cuen fo isa fruitefull Sowto the pigs which fhe hath brought forth. e4rifforle
Their ordinary number which they bring forth and cannourithe is twelue, or fix- Tür pepe
| teeneatthe moft, and very rare it is tofee fixteene brought vp by one Sow. Howbeitit bacio A
hath beenefeene that a Sow hath brought forth twenty, butfar more often feuen, eyght
orten. Thereisa ftory in Fe/fas ofa Sow that brought forth thirty ata time , his words .
bethefe;
The Sow of Aeneas Laninus did bring forth thirty white Pigges at one time, wherefore
the Lawinians were much troubled about the fignification of fuch a monftrous farrow, at
| 3° Jaft they receiued anfwer, thattheir Citty fhould be thirty yearsin building, and being
| fo they called it .4/ba,in remembrance of the thirty white Pigges. And Pliny affirmeth,
| that the Images ofthofe pigeesand the Sow their damme, weretobefeeneinhis daies
in publique places, and the body of the Damme or Sowe preferued in Salt by the
| prieftes of 4/ba,to be (hewed toall fuch asdefired to bee certified of the truth of that
| Story. |
| Bar to returnetothe number of young pigges which are ordinary and without mira-
| cle bred in their dammes belly, which I findto be fo many as the Sow hath dugges for,fo
many fhe may well nourifh and giue fucke vnto, and not more, and it feemeth a fpeciall -
worke of God which hath made this tame beaftfo fruitefull,forthe better recompence
40 to man for her meate and cuftody .. By the firftfarrow it may be gathered how fruitfull
| fhe will be, butthefecond and third do moft commonly exceede the firft, andthelaftin
- oldage is inferior in number tothe firft.
Iunenal hath a comparifon betwixt a white fow and an Heighfar.. seropha foecundzor al-
ba, more fruitefull then a white Sow, but belike the white Sowes dobring more thenany
| other colour . Now the reafon of the Poets {peech was becaufe that there was an
Heighfar in the daies of Ptolemy the younger, which at onctime brought forth fixe
| Calues ; Whereuppon came the prouerbe of Regia Vaecula, for a fruitefull Cow, for
Helenustelleththisto Aeneas. Vponthe Sow and thirty pigges there is this aunfwer of
the Oracleto the Lawiniens concerning Alba :
Io
2)
4 cum tibi fellieito feereti ad fluminis undam,
"n Littoreis ingens inuenta fub ilicibus fus,
Trigintacapitum fetus enixa iacebit,
Alba folo arcubans , alibi civewm uberarati,
Js logus vrbis erit requies ea certe laborum. And
—
672 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
And suninal faith thus of it;
Confpicitur fublimis apex cut candida momen,
Seropha dedit latis phrygibus mirabile [umen
) Et uunquam vilis trigintaclara mamillis. |
When the young one commeth forth ofthe Dammes belly wounded or imperfe&;
byreafon of any harme therein recejued, (it is called Metacherum) and many times {wine
engender Monfters, which commeth to paffe oftner in litle beaftes then in the greateft,
becaufe ofthe multitude of cels appointed for the receipt of thefeede, by reafon wher-
of,{ometimesthere aretwo heades to onebody; fometimestwo bodies and onehead,
fometime three Legges, fometime twobefore and none behind, fuch werethe Pigges 7°
"without eares,which were farrowedat that time that Déoni/ius the Tyrant went toVVar a-
gainft Dion, for all their partes was perfect but their eares,as it were toteach how incon.
fiderately againft all good counfell, the Tyrant vndertooke that. voyage ; Suchare
commonly found to bee bred amonge them, aifo now and thenof an vnfpeakeable
{maleneffe like Dwarfes, which cannot lime, hauing no mouth noreares, called by the
Latines Aporeelli: Ifa Sow great with Pigge do cate aboundantly of Acornes;it caufeth
her to caft her fatrowand co fuffer abortement, andif the grow fat, then is fae leffe fruit-
full in Milke.
Now forthe choyceofa Pigge tokéepe fot ftore; it muftbe chofenfroma lufty and
firong damme bred in the Winter time, (as fome fay) for fuch asare bred in the heate of 3°
Summerarc ofleffe value, becaufethey prooue tender, {mall,and ouermoyft,and yet
alfo if they bebred in the cold of winter they are {mal,by reafon of extream cold,and their
Dammesforfake them through want of Milke: and moreouer bycaufe they through hun-
ger pinch and bite their dugges, fo asthey are very vnprofitable to be nourifhedand pre-
feruedin the VVinter time, rather they are fit to bekilled and eaten young.
Butthis is to bee obferued for reconciliation of both opinions, namely, that in hot
. Countries {uch Hogges are preferred that bee bred in the Winter, butin colde
füchas are bredin March or April: within tenne daies after their farrowing they
grow to haueteeth, and the Sowe euer offeretliher foremoft Duggetothe pigge, that
commeth firft out of her belly, and the refidue take their fortune asit falleth,onetoone, 36
andanother to another, for it feemech (hee regardeth the firft bya naturallinftin&, not
fo muchto prefer it, as that by the example thereof the refidue may be inuited to rhe like
fucking by imitation, yet every one (as 7 zetzes faith) keepeth him to his firft choice. And
, #fany of them be taken away from his Duggethatis killed or fold, thatdugge prefently
drycta andthe Milke. tur neth backewarde, and fovntillall bee gone, one excepted, and
then iris noutifhed with no more then was ordained at the beginning forit. Iftheolde
Sow want Milke at any time,the fupply muftbe made by giuing the young ones fryed or
arched Corne, for raw Corne or drinke procureth loofeneffc, and itis beftfor them to
be fuckled in the place where their Damme vfually abideth.
For weaning of them itis not goodto let more then fiuc or fixe fucke ofher at onetime,
for although every one fucke but his owae Dug, yetby the multimde;the Milke is dryed 4?
vp : After two months oldthey may fafely be difioyned fromtheir Dameand weaned; fo -
as euery yeare the Sow may breede eight monthes, and eiue fucke foure: itis beft toler
them feed afunder from their dams till they haue vrterly. forgotten tofucke. Andthus
much forthe procreation and nouri(hment of old and young Swine.
Theolfcex ^^ Thisbeaftloueth fociety andtoliue in heardes or flockes together, andtherefore the
fif inftituri- auncients haueinuented Hogge-keepers, whom they call Swyne-heardes, whereinithere
Fhe lh was wont to be contidered thefeinftrudtions, firit he accuftomed themto the found ofhis
' “horne, forby that he called them abroad out of their foldes to their feedings, for they ne-
uer (üffered abouetwelue together at the trough; or parcellofmeate. It becommetha
Swyne-heard (faith Coltumella)to be vigilent, diligent, induftrious, and wife, for hee muft d
carry in his head the ftate ofall that henourifheth, both old and young, barrenand fruit-
full,and confider the time of their farrowing, wheather they beneare at hand or far off,
that fo nonemay bee loft through the want of his obferuation, being farrowed, hee muft
confider and looke vppon them to fee which are fir for ftore,and which are not, whatare
wi their
z
VM mae IE , '
d pe’! mv
JONES 7 --—— un
|
|
|
|
Io
20
30
of the Swine.
their natures and probabilities, how much milk their dam is ableto afford them,and how
many fheis to bring vp, efpecially to regard. that euery Sow bring vp no raorethen her
own pigs, for fwine being out of the íty do mingle one with another, and loofe their owne
young ones,and when {he lyeth dowaeto giue them fucke, fhe Jendeth her paps as well
to ftrangers as to her owne,and therefore herein muft the care and wit oftheheara{-men
appeare, for ifthere be many he muft (hut vp euery Sow with her young, and if that can-
not be,then with a little Pitch or Tar lethim giue feueral markes tothe feuerall farrowes,
that {o hismemory may netbe confounded. Another remedy to auoyd the confufion
of young Pigs one among another, is foto frame the threfhold of the {tye, that the pigs
may not be ableto go in and out, for the Sow can morc eafily goe oner, and fo fhemay
bee eafed of their company, andthey fafely included at home,and fo fhallno ftranger
breakeinto themsbut euery one in their own neft expe& the returne of their dam, which
ought not to exceede the number of eight, for although the foecundity of Swine bee
great, yet itis better co kil offtwoor threeif their number beeaboue eight, then to per-
mitthem to fucketheir dam, for this multitude of fuckers do quickly draw away all nou-
rilhment from the dam : and when they are but eight atthe moft, regard muft bee had
that the Sowbe welfed with fodbarly or füch like,Jeaft through a couetous pinching ofthe
beaft,leaneneffe followto her ouerthrow & deftru&ion. Another point of a good fwine-
heard, is to fweepe oftentimes the fly, for although füch be the nature of the beaft that it
defileth all chings, and will be wallowing iathe mire, yet will the alfo be very defirous of
acleane lodging,and delight muchin the fames and when they be (but vp they muftnot
be enclofedlike other beaftes altogether, for one of them will throng and lye, vpon ano-
ther,but there muftbe feueral porches and hatches to feauer & diftinguifh ther Lodgings
fo asthe great with pig may lyein one place,and the other ready to be deliuered by them- Colmnlla
felues,free from al incurfion & violence. Thefe deuifions or feparations ought to befome Palladius
3. or 4.foot high, fo as they may not be able to leapeouer to one another, & not couered,
to the intent that cuery fwineheard both man &Boy may freely look ouer to them,andtel
them ifany chance to be miffing, or elfe he!p a poore pig when it is ouer laid by his dam.
Whenfoeuer the Swineheard clenfeth the fty ,thenlet bim caft in fand orfomeother
drying thing into it, that allthe moyfture and wetneffe may bedrunkevp. The damme
ought not to be permitted for the firít ten daies to go forth ofthe ftable,except to drinke,
and afterward let her go abroad into fome adiacen: pafture, not far off, that fo by her of-
ten return fhe may the better giue fuck to her young ones. When the litle ones are afort-
night or three weekes old, they defire to follow their parent, wherfore they muft be fhut
vp fromtheir mother, and feed alone in her abfence, that they may better endure it, af-
terward when they (halbe weaned. They mutt be fed inthefummer time in the morning,
beforethe heat bee ftrong,and in the heate of the day led into fome watry or fhadowy
- .
» place,thatfo they may be freed fro extreamity til the coole ofthe day return again, where
49
inthey muftbe fuffered to feed. In the winter time, they are not to bee led abroad cillthe
froftand yce bethawed and diffolued. Ten Boares are fufficient for an hundred Sows, &
although fomekeepe fiue or fix hundred ina heard, as we may readin fcripture ofthe great
heards of Swine,into which our fauiour Chrift permitted the Divelsto enter, yet is it not
(afe or wholfometo keepe aboue an hundred together, for a leffe flock or heard requireth
leffz colt, charge, and attendance. There is a fpeech of Tremellius Screfa, tending to the
commendation of the cuftody or nourifhing of Swine, for thushe writeth: Agricul ture
ab initio [ui fIndio[us , nec de pecore [uillo mihi minor cura off, quam vobis magnis pecuar ys. CHB
enim cares non e[l communis ? quis enim noftrum fundum colit quin ues habent, qui non au
dierit putras noftros dicere ignanuns ed fumptus fum effe qui [uecidiam in carnarto fufpendit po-
tins ab laniario quam ex domeftico fundo 2 That istofay, I hauebeene long giuen to follow
husbandry, and I have alway had as great care of my Swyne,as other men of greater eat-
5© tell. For what isthere,whereunto {wine arenet profitable? who tillech land and keepeth not
hogs, aad who hath not heard our fathers fay, that he is anidleill hu sband vvyhich hangs
vp all his prouifion in the Shambles, and liueth rather vpon che Butchers, then vpon his
ovyne ground?Thus far Tremellins. . ;
Another part ofa good Svvinehard is, to looke to the gelding ofhis Svvyne, and
fplaying of the females, for if all bec fuffered to procreate and engender it is more _
Ppp | | daunget
ae
ye
eo ara
"M
=
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts. |
danger that Swine would in fhort time eate vp men rather thea men Swine. The Latins
call fucha Hogge gelded Macalis, and Pereaffrus, thatis Pereus caftratus, the Germans
ein barg, or Betz, from whencefeemeth to be deriaed our Engli(h Barrow-hog (forfo
wee call a gelded-male-hog) and a female Baffz. Thebeft time therefore to geld them is
intke old Moone, oras we fay in the waine of the Moone, but He//zd prefcribeth, that an
Oxcand a Boare fnould be geldedin the fecond quarter aad firft day thereof, and Ari/fe-
tle is of opinion that it skilleth not whatage a Boare bewhen hee is libbed; but it is cleare
by the beft experienced among thefe beafts, there are two times of gelding them ; one in
the fpring, and the other inthe Autumne, and this isto be done aftera double manner;
Firft, by making two incifions or wounds vpon his ftones, out of which holes the ftones
are tobe preffed forth.
_ Thefecond way is more perillous, yet more cleanely sfor firftofall at onewounde or
incifion they take out one ftone, then that being forth, with their knyfe they cut the fmall
skin which parteth the ftones in the cod,and fo prefle foorth the fecond ftone at the firft
wound, afterward applyeng to it ordinary medicines ,fuch'as we will defcribe in the trea-
tife of their difeafes.
And the opinion of Varo is, thatit is good to lib them at halfe a yeare old,orata yeare
old, orat three or foure yeare old, for their better fatting ; but beft at a yeare, and not vn-
der halfeayeare. When the ftones are taken forth of an old Bore, fuppofetwo, or three
or foure yeare old, they are called by the Latins Polenta, becaufe with them they poli
fhed and fmoothed garments. ( | GT |
The female alíois gelt or fplayed, (although the often bore pigs /whereof they open
' the fide (neere her loines) and cake away from her Apria,and receptacles of the Boares
Feftus
Abcuxoor
The nature
ofthis beaft.
Adamantius
Pliny
Aelianus
feede, which being fewed vp againe, in {hort time is enclofed in fat 5 this they do by hang-
ing them vp by their forelegs, and firft of all they which do it moft commodionfly, mult
caufe them to fafttwo daiesbefore ; andthen hauing cut it, they few vp and clofe fafta-
gaine the wound or incifion, and this is doone in the fame place of the female, thatthe
{tones are to be taken out ia the male(as 4ri/fotle writeth)but rather it appeareth by good
examination and proofe,that it is tobe cut out on theright,again{tthe bone (calledas /2-
erum.) Andthe onely caule of this Sow-gelding is, for their better growth and fatning 5
which infome Countries they vfe, being forced thereunto through their penury & want
of food ; but whereas is pleaty of food, there they neuer know it: and theinuenters hereof
werethe Grecians, whofe cuftome was to cut out the whole matrix. And thus much for
thelibbing, gelding, and {playing of Swine.
This beaft is amoft vnpureand vncleanebeaft, and rauening ; and thereforewe vfe(not
improperly) to cal Ob/czze and filthy men or women, by the name of Swyne or Sowes.
They which haue foreheads, eyelids, lips, mouth, or Necke, like Swyne; areaccounted
foolifh, wicked, and wrathful :al their fences (their fmelling excepted) are dull, becaufe.
they haue noarticles in their hearts, but hauc thicke blood, and fome fay, that the acute-
neffe and ripeneffe of the foule, ftandeth not inthe thickneffe of the blood, but inthe co-
uer and skin of the body, and that thofe beafts which haue the thickeft skins, are accoun-
ted the moftblockifh & fartheft from reafon but thofe which hauethe thinneft & fofteft,
arethe quickeft of vnderftanding : an example whereof is apparant in the Oyfter; Oxe,
and Ape. They have a maruaylous vnderflanding of the voyce of their feeder, andasar-
dent defire to come at his call, through often cuftome of meat, whereupon lyeth this ex-
cellent ftory. When certaine pyrates in the Térrhene fea, had entred a Hauen, and went on
land, they cameto a Swines ftye and drew out thereof diuers Swine, and fo carried them
onfhipboard, and loofing their Anckers and tacklings, doe depart and faileaway. The
Swincheardes feeing the pirats commit this robbery, and not being ableto deliuer and
refcue their cattel ,becaufethey wanted both company &ftrength, fufferd the theeues in fi-
lenceto fhip & carry away their cattel:at laft,when they faw the Theeues rowing out ofthe
port, andlanching intothe deepe, then they lift vp their voyces and wich their accufto-
med cries or cals, called vpótheir Swine to come to their meat;affoone as the {wine heard
the fame,they prefently gat to theright fide ofthe veffell or barke, and there flocking to-
gither, the fhip being ynequally ballanced or loden, ouerturned al into the fea, and fothe
pirats
1o
49
$9
Of ihe Swine.
pirats were iuftly drowned in reward ofthe theft, and the ftolae Swine fwam fafely backe
againto their maiftersand keepers. The nature ofthis beaft isto delight in the moft filthy
and noyfome places, for no other caufe,(as I think)but becaufe of their dul fences. Their
voice is cald Grumitus grunting, Serdida [us pafcens ruris gramina grunmit whichis a terrt
blevoiceto one that i$ notaccuftomed therunto,(for euen the Elephants areaftaid there.
of) efpecially when one of them is hurt or hangedíaft, or bitten, then allthe refidueas it
were in compaffion condoling his mifery run to him and cry with him, and this voice is
very common infwine at all hands to cry, except he be carried with bis head vpwards,to-
wards heauen, & thencit is affirmed he neuer cryetb, thereafon wherof is giuen by Apbro-
10 difien: becaufeit is alwaie acuftomed to looke downward, and therefore when it is forced
20
o
tolgok vpward it is fuddenly appaled and afraid,held with admiration of the goodly {pace
abouehim inthe heauens,like one aftonithed, holdech his peace ( {ome fay that then the
artery of his voiceis preffed)and (o he cannot cry alowd, E here is afith in the riuer Ache-
lows which gruntlethlike'a hog,whereot Zuaenal {peaketh, faying : Ez quam remigibus grun-
wilfe Elpenoraporcis.And this voice of fwineis by C «cilius atributed to drunken men. The
nilke of Swine is very thicke, and therefore cannot make whay like a fheepes, howbei: it
fuddenly coagulateth and congealerh togither, Among diuers males or Boates w hen one
ofthem is conqueror, therefidue giue obedience and yeald vnto him, and the chiefe time
of their fight or difcord is in their luft, or other occafions of food,or ftrangnefie at which
time itis not fafe for any mante come nearethem, tor fearé of danger from both parties,
andefpecially chofe which weare white garments. And S£rabo veporteth in general! ofal
the Belgian Swine, that they were fo fierce, ftrong; and wrathfull, chat itwasas much daun-
ger tocom net them as to angry wolfes. Nature hath made a great leaguebetwixt Swyne
and Crocodiles, for there is no beaftthat may fo freely feed by the banks fides of Nulus,
as the fwine may, withoutall hurt by the Crocodil.Other Serpents, efpecially the fmaller
Serpentes which are oftentimes deuouredby Swine, 4Ariffotle faith, that when many of
them are together they feare not the wolle, & yet they neuer deuoure any wolfe, but on-
ly with their {earring and gruntling noife feare them away. When awolfe getteth a fwine,
he devoureth him, and beforehe can eate bim; draggeth bim by the cares to fome water
to coole his teeth in his feth (which aboue meafure burnein devouring his flefh.)It hath
binfeene that a Lyon was afraid of a Sow, for at the fetting vp of his brifiles he ran away.
Itisreported that {wine will follow a man all the day long which hath eaten thebraine of a
Crow in his pottage: and Nigidius affirmeth, that Dogs will run away from him that hath
pulled offa ticke from a fwines backe . The people of Mo/fynecum did engeader man with
VVoman publike like f wine, and Stobens writing againft women faith, that fome ofthem
are deriued from one beaft,and fome from another, and namely a woman difcended of
a Sow fitteth athome ,and doth neither good nor hat meibut Simonides writeth otherwife,
and namely thatawoman borne of a Sow fiitethathome fuffering all things to be impure,
vncleane and out of order, without decking, drefling, or ornament, and fothe groweth
fat in her vawafhed garments.And thereare many fictions ofthe tranfforming into fwine.
9 Homer faineth that the companions of Vliffeswere all by Circes turned intofwine, which
5C
js interpretedin this manners Cert to fignifie vnreafonable pleafure,77i//es to fignifie the
foule, and his companions the inferior affections thereof,and fo were the companions of
Vliffes turned into {wine by Circe, When vnreafonable pleafiires do ouercome our affeGi-
ons and make vslike fwine in following our appetites : and therefore it wasthe counfell of
Socrates,that no man fhould atbanqueteate more then fufficient, and thofe which could
notabftaine from them,fhould forbeare theircempany that perfwaded them to eat when
they were not hungry, &to drinke when they were not thirfty, and therefore he fuppofed
that it was faid in ieft that Circeturned men into fwine,VWVhen as Viiffes by his owne abfti-
nence and Mercury his counfell, was deliuered andfaued from that moft fanage tranffor-
mation which caufed Horace thusto write; Vliffes fr bibiffet pocula Circes —Cum focys
ixilfet canis immundus vel amica luto fus.
Andfromthis came the originall prouerbeof Porcellus Acarnanius for atender and deli-
cate perfon,víed fo to fulnes, thatal penury is death vnto him. Sweet fauoursas we hauc
fhewedalready, arevery hurtfull co fwine; efpecially thefweetoyle of Marioram. Wher-
upon came the proueib Nil cum aimay acino fui, and Lucretius {peakerh hereof in this fort;
Hersé
Calcaguinws
arro
PZmins
Sexius
Xenophon
ge
‘Les
(olus
T he Hiflory of Fone Booted Beafls.
Denid, amaracinum fugitat [us C timet omne,
Vneguentith : nam fetigeris [ubus aere venenum eft : Andfor this
caufe Tullius Cicero faith, Ij alablaftrus putaet vuquentiplena. Thatis, A box of Alablafter
full of oyntmentis difpleafing to this beaft,for as the Starabee or Horfe fly forfaketh fweer
places tolight and fir vpon hor fe dung, euen fo doth Swine. There be many ofthe aunci-
entsthat haue deliue:ed meriily Anima fnis profate, thatthe Swines foule is in their body
butin ftead offalt to keepe the feth from ftinkin g, euen asfor noother purpofe many a-
mong men fcem toliue and retaine foule in body. They are very clamorous, andthere-
foreare víedfor talking and pratling fellowes, whereupon the Greeke Poet rucilius tran-
flated by Era/mus alludeth, when he faith in this manner ,vnder Alia Meneeles alia pereellua 39
loquitur 5
Sucula, bos C capra mihi ,periére Menetles,
Ac merces borum nomine pen[a tibi eff,
Nee mibi cum Othryade quicquam cftue fuit-ne negoci,
Nec fures vilos huc cito Thermepylis.
Sed coutra Eutychidem nobis lis : proinde quid bie mi
Aut Xerxes facit , aut quid Lacedamony ?
Ob pacf um Qj de me loquere,aut clamauero clare,
Multo Aliud dicit [us,alind Menecles.
Andto conclude, in Latin they fay Sus mineruam, when an vnlearned dunce goeth abeut 29
~ to teach his better ora moreleamed man, then doththe Hog teach Pads, or as we fay in
Enelifh,thefoule Sowteach the faire Lady to fpin. .
There are in Swine many prefagesand foretokens of foule weather, as Swine-heardes
haue obferued : as firft ifthey lye long wallowing in the mire, or ifthey feed more greedi-
ly then they wereaccuftomed, or gather together in their mouths, hay, ftubble, or ftraw,
as Aratus writethsor ifthey leap and dance, or frisk in any vnwonted fort: and for their co-
ulation in yeares that will proue m oyft, they will euer be boring, butin dryer years they
are leflelibidinous.
The greateft harm that commeth by Swine is in rooting and turning vp of theearth,and
this they do in corn fields, for which we haue fhewed that the Cipriazs made alawto beat
out the teeth of füch Swine, forthis caufe Homer writeth that 7r&s threatneth Vili/fes,be-
caufe his companions eate vp all hiscorne, to knocke outtheir teeth : yet fometimes the
husbandmen admit them of putpofe,both intotheir land beforeit bee plowed, and alfo
into their vineyards, It is faid chat the Egyptians forbeare to facrifice them ,becaufe they
treadin their corne in their fieldsafter it is {welled out of the earth, fo as the Birds cannot
gather it vp againe, as we haue fhewed before. The lewes andthe Egyptians accounted
this beaft moft vncleane. The Iewes not asthe vaine gentiles imagined becaufe they wor-
fhippedit, for chat it taught men to plow theearth, but forthe law of God. AndtheE-
eyptians hold ita profaigne thing, andth ereforethey hadan ancient law, thatno Swyne- ©
heard thould come into their temple, orthat any man fhould gíue him his Daughter in
|
se x
|
marriage. Itis very certainethat they were wont to be vfed in facrifice; The faid Egyp- 4°
tians neuer facrificed them but to the Moone and to Bacchus yand at other times it was vn-
lawfull, either to offer them, or to eate them: butitfeemeth by many Authors thattheir
fifi facrifices were of Swyne, for we read of ancient cuftoms in Hetrwria, thacattheir mar-
riage feaftes they offered and facrifi ceda Sow to Venus, andat other times, efpecially in
harueftthey did fo to ceres. The Latines do hold a Swine very gratefull and facredto 7upi-
ter, becaule asthey beleeued that a Sow did firft of all lend her papsto him,and therefore
all ofthem worthip a Sow, and abftaine from her fleth. Likewife in M4j/iaand phoemeia,
there were temples of Jupiter, wherein tt was forbiddento facrifice or kill Swyne bya pub-
like lw. l.keas it was among the Iewes. When theKings of Sparta were firlt ofall chofen
into that royal! place, they were permitted to execute the priefls office, and to the intent
that chey might neuer want facrifices, there was a preuiledge graunted them to takea pig
of cuery Sow,and when they facrificed to Jupiter a Swine,it muftbeafter orat atryumph:
they werealfof. acrificed to ZVeptume, becaufe they were impetuous and ranging beafts 5 &
a Boare was holy to Mars, according to this faying of Pemponius in Attellana. Mars tibi fat-
tnr
$59
of the Swine.
furit, fiunqua redireo, bidente verre, Andthere was a cuftome among the Athenianswhen
aman had flainean hundred enimies, he was permitted to offer vp to Mars, {ome part of
aman at Lemaos,and afterward they grew out of liking of this vainecuftome;and in ftead
therof facrificed a barrow or gelded hog ,&cwhen they houfled their army,they did it with
hogs,faeep, or Buls,and nothing elfe,and they compaffed it about3.times with pomp &
ftately proceffion, andatlaft flew and offeredthem to Mars. They were wostto facrifice a
hog fora man that had recouerd his wits after he had bin mad,and alfo they facred Swyne
to Silwanus,according tothefeverfes; ^ Cedere Stluano poremm quadrantelauari :
Andagaine: Tellurem porco Siluanum lacte piabant. Their pagan God Terminus, had an
Ewe anda young Sow offered to him (as 09d writeth) although by the lawes of 27272452]
1o facrifice of living things were forbidden vnto him. To Ceres and Baechus we have thewed
already; howthey were offered, and the reafon of their facrificing was, becaufe they were
hurcfullto all greene corneandvines; Ceresauida gaui(a eff de fanguine porci,
Vita [uas merita cade nocentes opes,
Nam fatà vere nouoteneris lactentia fuecis ,
Eruta fetigere comperit ore [uis ,
_ Andagaine inanother placehe writeth thus :
Prima putatur hoffia Sus meruiffe mori,
| quia feminapande, '
Er verit roftro, [pemóá, interceperit ami.
ao Ihetime oftheir facrificing to Ceres wasin Aprill, wherein the prieftes with Lamps and
Torches, and apparelled in white garments, did firft of all killa female Swine, and then of-
ferher, and fometime this wasa Sow with farrow, becaufe thereby in a miftery they psay-
edthe fruitefulneffe and fecundity ofthe earth, and for chefe and fuch like caufes we read
of titles put vpon them, as Porca precidanea,tor the fow that was {laine before the reaping,
and Porta prefa, forthe fow that was offered at a funerall for the fafety ofall the family,
wherein the dead manliued. They alfo facrificed a barren fow to Pzeferpiga, becaufe (c: ce
neuer bore children, and to 7szein the calends of euery month : Andthus much for their
facrificing. Now we areto come to thevfe offwineand their feucrall parts, firft ofall it is
certaine that thereis no beaftleffe profitable being aliue then ahog, and yer at bis latter
3o end he payeth his maifter for his keeping. Cicero laid well $us quid habet prater e[cane, cus
quidem ne putre(ceret ,awimam iplam pro fale datam e[fe dict Chryfippus.A hog hath nothing
in him befide his meate, and that therefore the foule thereof was giuen to it in ftead of fale
tokeepeir from flinking: forindeed in Lions. Dogs, Beares, Horffes, and Elephants, ail
their vercue lyeth in their minds, and their flefh is vnprofitablc and good tor nothing,but
the Swine hath no gifts atall in the mind, but in the body, the life therof keeping the flefh
and body from putrifaGion.Andthere isno beaftthat God hath ordained for domeftical
* prouifion offoodand meat to man,except Hares & conies,that isfo fruitful us Swinare,
God (as we hatie touched already)Leuit. 1 1. Deut, 14. forbad his people of Ifraell to eate
heereof,becaufe it was an vncleane beaft not chewing the cud;and furthermore the db-
49 feruation of Procopite is memorable, that whereas the Egyptians did worfhip with diuine
worfhip, both Oxen, Kyne,and fheep, and would not eat of their fleth or kill them in fa-
crifice " yet did eat; and kil, and facrifice Swine.The Iewes were permitted and commaun-
ded to eat Oxen & fheep,and abftain from the flefh of Swine; thus manifefting how dif-
ferent his waiesand thoughts arefrom the waies and thoughts ofmen. TheLord doth
not this for pollicy butto try the obedience of his people, placeth therin one part of his
worthip, andtherefore by his prophets.Efa. 65. & 66. calleth the eating of Swines flefh
abomination, and threatneth theruntoa certaine vnauoy dable iudgment and damnation.
‘The woman and her feuen fons which were apprehendedby King Zzriecbus, and by him
tempted to eat {wines flefh which they refufed to do, (beingagainít the law of their God)
59 areremembred as moft worthy Martyres ofhis Church, that endured, cutting off their
hands and feete, pulling out their toong; and feething ina boyling caldron with other ex-
quifite torments incidentto füch death, as is recorded by Ja/on 2.Macab.6.We read that
Heliogabalus did abftaine from {wines flefh, becaufehewas a Phoenician and they forbore
to cate it- The women of Bracea in Affricke do neuer taftof Cowes fieth or Swinesdefh.
Ppp 3 "Ihe
Gillius
Se Rn RENE I
as qM apes! copas 2. chara pde 2 0
AES OE ICTU Ac RV
; i
T
W
TU] TUR HI
-—
T he Hiflori of Foure-footed Beafts.
The Arabian Scemtes neuer eate hereof, and Swine cannot liue in their Countries.
( Te(ias and Aelianus affirme) that in India there are no Swine, either tame or wilde, and
that the Jedians doas much forbeareto eate of Swines fleth, in deteftationthereof,as they
do of mans flefh.
Now concerning the fleth of Swine, diuers opinions are held about the goodnefleand
cuillthereof, yet Hippocrates writeth, that Porcine carnes praua. [unt quum fuerint. crudio»
ves c ambufte, magis autem choleram generant , cj turbationem faciuns , Suille carnes optione
unt omnium carnium. "That is, The flefh of a Boare being raw or roafted is worft of all o-
ther, becaufe it engendereth Cholor and wilde windy matter in the flomocke ; but the
fle(h ofa Sow is thebeft ofal fle(h, with this prouifo, that it neither exceed in fatneffe;lean
neffe,orage. |
There isa merry anda witty anfwer ofa memorable Noble Mantoan old Gentlewo-
man (if nota Lady)who difpraifed Bacon at the Noble Manstable, and faid it wasa chur-
lith, vnpleafantmeate. The Lord vnderftanding a priuy Emphafis in that fpeech againft
himfelfe, (for his name was written withthofe Letters and fillables) aunfwered her ; you
fay truth, if the Bacon be a piece of an old Sow;(as peraduenture fhe fcemed to be at that
time.) Thebeft opinion aboutthe conco&iue quality of this flefh is;thatthenit is beft,
when it is in middle agc,neithera pig, nor an old Hogge , for a pigge is ouer moyft, like
the Damme which is the moyfteft of all other earthly Beaftes ; and therefore cannot but
engender much flegme : and for this caufe the fatteft are reprooued fora good diet, for
thatit cannot digeft well through ouer much humidity.
Audtheolde Swine are moft hard of conco&ion, ( yea though they bee fcorched
or fengedat the fire) becaufe therby is increafed in their Aefh much acrimony and (harp-
nefle, which in the ftomacke of man turneth into Choler : for they bite all the veffels rea-
ching to the flemacke, making aderiuation of all thofe il humours intothe belly and o-
ther parts.
I lio not like their opinion, which thinke that it is better cold then hot; for feare of tn-
fammation, thisruleis good in the fleth of Goates (which are exceeding whot) but in
Swynewhere is no predominancy but of moyfture, it is betterto eatethem hot then
cold, even as hot Milkeis more wholefomethen cold. Hippocrates doth prefcribe theea-
ting of Swynes flcfh inthefickneffe efthe Spleene ;and Calis Aurelianas, forbiddeth the
fame in the palfie or falling fickneffe. - EA
Galen is of opinion that Caro porcina potemtiffime nutrit; nourifheth moft ftrongly;and
potently ; whereof hee giueth an inftance fora reafon taken from Champions, Comba-
tants, or Wreftlers, if the day beforethey Wreflle or fight, they feed onarvequall quan-
tity ofany other fleíh, they feel themfelues weak and feeble, in comparifon of that is ga-
thered from Swyns fleth : and this (he faith) may be tryed in labourers , Myoners, Dig-
Yo
^
2
gers, and Husbandmen ; which retaine their ftrength afwell ( if not better) by eating of *
Swynes fle(h or Bacon as any other meate : For as Beefe in thicaíeffe and folidity of
fubftance tothe eyes appearance, excelleth Porkeor Bacon, fo Porkeand Bacon excel-
leth andis preferred before Beefe, fora clammy nourifhing humeur . And this compa-
rifon betwixt Pork and Beefe, Galen amplyfieth farther in thefe wordes : Of Swines flefh,
thofe are beft for men in their middleand ripe age, which are of Hogges of aunfwerable
age, and to other which are but growing toa ripeneffe and perfe&ion, piggs, Sheates,
and young growing Swync,are moft nourifhable . And onthe contrary, young grow-
ing Oxen are moft nourifhableto men of perfed yeares and ftrength, becaufe an Oxe is
- ofa far more dry temperament then a Hog. i
*
A Goateis leffe dry then an Oxe,and yet. compared to a manora Swyne;itexcelleth
bothofthem for there isa great refemblance orfimilitude betwixt a mans flefíh and
49
Swines fleth, which fome haueproued in taft for they haue eaten of both at one Table, i?
arid could find no difference in one fromthe other: for fome euill Inn-kepers and hoafts
haue fo deceiued men, which continueda greate while, not defcryed or punifhed, vntill
atlafi che finger ofa man was mixed therewith,and being found the Authoursreceiued
their reward. Swines fle(halfo is leffe excrementall then pigges flefh, and therefore
morenütrible ; forthe moyfter thatthe flefhis, the fooner it is difperfed, and the vertue
of
" "nae. vem
|
|
Of the Swine. 679
| of it auoided, and olde fwine notwithfanding their primitiue and natnfall moifture, yet
| grow very dry, and their flefh is worft ofal, becaufein nature, humidity helpeththe con-
. co&ion thereof. ;
| All {wines fleth being concocted engendereth many good humors, yet withal they
| ontaine akindof glutinous humor, which ftoppeth the liver and reins, efpecially ia thofe
which by nature are aptto this infirmity: Andalthogh fome are of opinion, that the wilde
| Bore is-more norifhablethen the tame fwine, becaufe of his laborous courte oflife,and
| getting his preys yet irappeareth that thetame fwine by their refty life, and eafie gathe-
| ring of their meate; ‘are made more fit for nourifhment of man, for they are more moift:
ro and fwines flefh without conuenient moifture (which is many times wanting in wilde
| Bores) is poifon to the ftomacke, and yet for aman that hath propounded to himfelfea
) thin extenuating diet] would wifh himto forbeare boththe oneand the other, except
|
|
|
he vfeexercife, and then he may eat the eares, or the cheekes, or the feet, or the haflet,if
| . they be well fod or dreffed : provided they benot frefh, but fauced or powdred ; And it
| isno maruellthatfwines fleth fhouldefo wellagree with ours, for it isapparant that they
liue in dirt, and loueto muddle in the fame. |
And ifany manaske how it commeth to paffe;that {wine which both feed and liue fo
filthily, fhould befo norifhable tothe natureofman ; fome make anfwere, thatby reafon
| oftheir good conftitution of body, they turne ill nutrimenttoa good flefh:foras men
| na which be of afounde, perfeét, and healthy difpofition or temperature, are not hurt by a
| little euill meat, which is hard of digeftion ; euen foisit with well conftituted and tempe-
red {wine, by continuall feeding vpon euill things, they grow not oncly to no harme but
alfo toa goodeftate, becaufe nature in proceffe of time draweth good out of euill : But if
men which haue moift (tomackes; do eat of {wines flefh, then do they fuffer thereby great
harme, for as water powred vpon wet ground; increafeth the dirt, fo meiftnes put vpon a
moift ffomacke, increafeth more feebleneffe : but ita man ofa dry and moift (tomack, do
eate heereof.it is like rain falling intoa dry ground, which begetteth and engendreth ma-
| ny wholefome frutes and hearbes. Andifa {wine befatted with dried figges or Nuts, it
| ismuch more wholefome.With wine all (wines fle(h is moft nouri(hable, and therefore
the vniuerfity of Salernum, prefcribedthatin their verfes to theking of England, and al.
39 fothey commended their loynes and guts :
| | Tia porcorum bona funt , mala Junt vefequerum.
And Fiera defcribeththe eating of Hogs-(e(h in this manner:
Sus tibi cano[ocoena domefticus ore, ed
| Grata ferat nobis men[a byemalis aprum.
| Ille licet currat de vertice montis ,aquo[&
Carnis erit pluri [ed tamen aptacibo eft.
. Hinc feritas filuad, domant C inania [ars
Poft melius pofita ru[Heitare [apit.
| And whereas Hippocrates commended {wines fle(h for Champions or Combatants, itis
| 40 certaine, that Bilis the Champion thorough eating of fwines flefh, fell to fucha heighth
of choller, that he caftit vpwards and downwards.
When the wombe ofa woman is vicerated,let herabftaine fromall fwines flefh, efpc-
cially the eldeftandthe youngeft. Itisnor good forany man to tafte or eat this flefh in
the Summertime,or any hot weather, for then onely itis allowed when extreame froftes
haue tempered it for mans ftomacke, and the ftomacke forit: the ficth of wilde fwine is
| moftofall hurtfullto them that liue at eafe, without exercife, becaufe that they are im-
moderately giuen to fleepe.Some are of opinion that a fow which is killed immediatly af
ter che Boare hath couered hir, is not fo wholefomeas other: Heliogabalus obferuedthis
cuftome, to eat one day nothing but Phefant Hens, another day nothing but Pullenjand
50 the third day nothing but porke.
There was in auncient timea dith of meat called Troianus, the Troyas Hog, in imitatt- Eyefmus
on ofthe Troyan horfe, foras that was fluffed within with many armed men, fo was this ZZacrobius
with many feuerall meats, and whole beafts,as Lambes, Birds, Capons, and fichlike,to
feruethe appetites ofthe moft firange belly-Goddes, and Architects of gluttony and
| | there-
‘
So a SSS SS
A
fe em
PER di I]
ae
RERO
The Hiflary of Foure-footed Beafts.
therefore Cigcius in his oration, wherein he perfwaded the fenators and people to the law
Fannia,reprooueth this immoderate riot in banquets/mapponendo menfis porcum Troia-
num, and indeed it wanted not effect, for they forbad both Percum Treianum,and Callum
apruenum. i ] ]
There was another (Rauen-monfter-difh , (called pinaxy wherein were included ma-
ny Beafts, Fowles,Egges,and other things which were difttibuted wholeto the puelts,
and no maruell, for this Beaftwas as great asa Hog,and yet gilded over withfiluer.-. And
Hippolochus in his Epiftle to Lynceus, {peaking of the banquet of Caramis,faiththus, .4/a-
tus efl nobis etiam porcus dimidia parte diligenter aff us (ime toftus eh» dimidia altera parte tan-
quam ex aquamolliter elixus mira etiam coqui indu[iriaita paratus, vt quaparte iugulatus
effet ci quamado varijs delicys refertus eius venter aon appareat. ‘There was brought tovs
a Hog, whereof the one halfe was wel rofted, andthe other halfe. or fide wel fod, and this
was fo induftrioufly prepared by the Cook,tharit did notapeare where the hog was flain
or receiuedhis deadly wounde, nor yet how his belly cameto be ftuffed with divers and
fündry excellent and delicate things. The Romans hada fathion to deuidéand diftribute
a Hogge, which appeareth in thefe verfes of Martial :
Ifle tibi faciet bona faturnaliaporcus,
Inter (umantes ilice paftws apros.
And ofthe eating ofa fucking pigge, Martial alfo writeth in this manner: -
| Lace mero pajtum pigra mibi matris alumnum... —
Pont. c» Aetolo de [te diues edat.
Imight adde niany other thinges concerning, the eating and drefsing of Swines fleth,
both young and olde, but I willpaffe ic ouer, leauing that learning to euery Cooke; and
Kitchin-boy.
- Concerning Bacon, that which is cald by the Latins Perna, I might adde many things,
neither improper, nor impertinent,& I canot tell whether it fhould be a faultto omititin
this place. The word Perna after Varro feemeth tobe deriued from Pede,butinm y Opini-
on, ic is more confonant to reafon, that it is deriued from the Greek word Prerma, which
istheribs and hips of the hogge, hanged vp andfalted, called by Adartiall Petafo, and by
Plautus Ophthalmia, Hor eum, Scombrum and Laridus : |
Quanta pecus pefHis veniet quanta labes lavido.
The time of the making of Bacon is in the winter feafon, and all the cold weather, and of
this Martiallwriteth very much in one place : ;
Mufleus eft, propera, charos ne differ amicos
Num mihi cum vetulo fit pefatone uihil. And againe.
Et pulpam dubio de petafone voras
Cretana mibi fiet vel maffalicebit
De menapis lauti, de petafone verant.
Strabo in his time commended the Bacon of the Gaules,or of France , affirming that it was
not inferior to the Affamor Lycian, an old citty of Spaine (called Pompelonynere Aquitania,
wasalfo famous for Bacon. They firft of all killed their hogs, and then burned or fcalded 4°
of altheir haire,& after a litcle feafon did flit them affunder in the middle,laying themvp-
on falt infome tub or deep trough,and there couering them al ouer with f; alt,with the skin
vppermoft,and fo heap flitch vpon flitch,til al be falted and then againe they often tarnd
the fame,that every part and fide, might receive his feafon s that is, after 5 -daies, laying
them vadermoft which were vpermoftt and thofe vpermoft which were vndermoft. Then
after 12.daies falting they cookeal out of the tub or trough, rubbing off from ital the fale,
and fo hanged it vp two daies in the winde, and che third day they allto anoint it with oile,
and did hange it vp two daies more in the fmokesand afterward take it downe againe,and
hange it or lay it vppein the larder, whereallthe meat is prefer ued, {till looking warily vn
toit, to preferue it from mice andVVormes : And thus much (hall fuffice at this time 5°
for the flefh of Hogges, both Porkeand Bacon.
The milk ofa fowis fatand thick,very aptto congeal,8¢ needeth not any runner toturne
it; it breedeth little whay, and therefore itis not fit for the (tomacke, except to precure
vomiting, & becaufe it hath bin often proued,that they which drink or eat fow milk fal into
Ícurffes
jx
lo
20
30
of the Swine. . 631
feurffes and Leprofies, (which difeafes the 4fans hate aboucallothery thereforethc E-
gyptians added this to all the refidue of their reafons, to condemne afow {or an vncléan
and filthy beaft : And this was peculiarly the faying of Manethon.
With the skinnes of fwine which the Greciaus did call Phorine, they niade fhoo-lea- Te vieot
e p - their skins
ther, but now a daies by reafomof the tendernefie and loofeneffe ther éof;they vicitnor,
butleauc ittothefadlers & to them that couer bookes, for which caufe it is much better
thén eyther (heepe or/Goates skinnes, for it hatha deeper graine, and doeth not fo eafily
falloff. Out of the patings oftheir skinnes they make a kind of glew, whichis preferred
before Taurecollum,and which for fimilitude they call Choerecollum. the fat of {wine 1s ve-
ry preciousto lickor theoes and bootes therewithall.. ‘The amberthatis in common vie
groweth rough, rude, impolifhed,and without cleareneffe, but after that itis {odin the
greaceof afow that giueth fucke, it getteth that nitourand fhining beauty which we find
tobe in it. !
Somemixe the blood of Hogges with thofe.medicines that they caft into VVaters to
take fithes, and the huntersin fome Countries when they would take VV olues and Foxes
do make atraine with a Hogges liner fodde, cut in pieces and annointed ouer with hony,
and foannointing their fhoos with {wines greafe,draw after theta dead catte, which will
càufe che beafts to follow after very ipeedily. Thehairesof{wine, are vied by Cobblers
and Shoomakers, andalfo with them every Boy knoweth howto make their nofebleede.
The dungis very (harpe, and yer is itiuftly con demned hy Cal#mella for no vie,no not to
fatten the earth, and Vines alfo are burned therewithal, except they be diligentlf watred,
orreft fiue yeares without firing. —— . |
In plinies timethey ftudied to enlarge and make their Luttuce grow broad, and not
clofe together, which they didby flitting alittle the ftalke, and thrufting gently into it
fome Ho¥s dung. But for trees there is more efpecial vf of it, for itis ved to ripen fruit
and makethetrees more plentifull. The Pomegranats and Almondes are {weetned here
by, and the Nutseafily caufed to falloutofthe fhell: Likewife, if Fennel be vnfauourie,
by laying to theroot thereof eyther Hogs-dung; or Pigeons dung, it may be cured; and
whenany Appletree is affe&ed and razed with wormes;by taking of Swines dung,mixed
and made foft like morter with the vrine ofa man layed vnto the root, it isrecouered, and
the wormes driuen away : and if therebee any rentes or firipes vifible vppontrees, fo as
T heophraft.
- they are endangered to beloftthereby ,they are cured by applying vnto the ftripes and
4o
$9
woundsthis dung of Swine.
‘When the Apple trees are loofe, poure vpon their roots the ftale of Swine, and it (hall
eflablifh and fettle them, and wherefoeuer there are fwine kept, there it isnot goodto
keepe or lodge horfes, for their fmell, breath,and voice, is hateful to all magnanimious
and perfeé fpirited horfles. And chus mnch in this place concerningthe vfe of the feue-
rall parts of fwine, whereunto I may adde our Englifh experiments, that if {wine be fuffe-
red to come into Orchards,and digge vp and about theroots ofthe Apple trees,keeping
the ground bare vnder them and open with their nofes, the benifit chat willarife thereby
to your increafe of frute will be verie ineftimable.Andheere tofaue my felfe ofa labora- 4. pip,
bout our Enelith Hogges, | willdefcribe their vfage out of Maifter Tu/fers husbandry, 3
in bis own words, as followeth : and firft of al for their breeding in the fpring of the yeare
he writeth in generall :
Let Lent wellkept offend not thee,
Fer March and Aprill breeders be.
And of September he writeth thus :
| To gather [ome maft it [hall fland thee upon,
With fernant and children yer majt be all gone.
some left among bu[hes hallpleafure thy Swine,
For feare of ami(chicfekeepe Acornesfroksne.
For rooting of pafturering hog ye hauencede,
Which being wellringl ed, the better doth feed.
Though young with their elders will lightly keepebeft,
Tet {pare not to ringle both great and the refi. :
Yoake
,
Phy.
Aeliauns "
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Yoke fildome thy fwine, while fhacke time doth laft,
For diners misfortunes that happen toofa[f. ;
Or if you do fancy, whole eare of the Hogge,
Gine eareta ill neighbor and eare tohis Dogae.
Keepe hog I aduife thee from meddow and Corne;
For out alowderying, that ere hewas borne.
Such lawleffe[o haunting both often and lone,
If Dog fet himchaunting, he doth thee no wrong.
Andagaine in O&obers husbandry he writeth :
- Whougbplenty of Acornes,the Porkelings to fat;
" Not takenin [eafon may perifh by that.
If ratling or {welling get onte in the throat,
Thou loofeft thy porkling a Crowne ta a groat.
What euer thing fat i5 ,againe if it fall,
Thou ventereft the thing and the fatneffe withall.
Thefatter,the better, to fellor to kill,
But not to continue, makeproofe if you wil. In Nouem.hewritethagain
Let hog once fat, loofe none of that;
When aft is gone, Hogge falleth anon,
Still fat up [ome, till Shroue-tide come,
) Now Perke and [owte beares tacke in a houfe. |
Thusfarre of our Englifh husbandry aboutfwine : Now followeth their difcafes in parti-
cular.
Of the difeafes of fwine.
Emlocke is the bane of Panthers, Swine, wolucs, and all other beafts that liuevpe
on deuouring of flefh for the hunters mix it with fle(h,and fo fpreading or cafting
the flefh fo poyfoned abroad in bits or morfels to be deuoured by them. The root
of the white Chamzlion mixed with fryed Barly-floure. Water and oyle is alfo poifon to
{wine. The blacke Ellebor worketh the fame eifeét vppon horfes, Oxen;" and fwine, and
therefore when the beafts do eat the white, they forbearethe blacke with all wearifome-
neffe.Likewife Hen-bane worketh many ftrange and painfull conuulfions in their bellies;
therefore when they perceiue that they haue eaten thereof, they run to the waters & ga-
ther fnailes orfea-crabs, by vertue whereofthey efcape death, and are againe reftored to
Io
20
39
their health. The hearb Goofe foot is venemous to{wine, andalío to Bees,and therefore .
they will never light vponit, ortouchit, The blackenight-(hade is prefent'deftrn&ion
vntothem, and they abftaine from Harts tongue, and the great bur, by fome certaine in-
ftin& of nature, if they be bitten by any Serpents, Sea-crabs, or Snailes, & the moft pre-
fent remedy that nature hath taught them. The {wine of Seythia by the relation of Pliny &
Ariffotle,are not hurtwith any poifonexcept Scorpions, and therefore fo foone as. euer
they are ftung by afcorpion,they die if they drink-andthus much forthe poifon of {wine,
Againftthe cold (of which thefe beaftes are moft impatient: the beft remedy is to make
them warm fties, for ifit be once taken, it will cleaue fafter tothem,thenany good thing,
and the nature of this beaftis, neuer to eate if oncehe feele himfelfe ficke, and therefore
the diligent maifter or keeper of fine, muft vigilanily regard the beginnings oftheir di-
feafes, which cannot be more euidently demonftrated, then by forbearing of their meat.
ofthe Meafils.
The Meafilles are called in Gtecke Chalaza, in Latine Grandines, for that they are like
haile-ftones {pred in the flefh, and efpecialy in the leaner part of the hog,and this difeafe
as Ariftotle wriceth, is proper to this beaft,for no other in the worldis troubled herwith ;
forthis caufe the Graciays calla Meafily hog Chaluros, and it makeththeyr flefh verye
loofe andfoft. The Germaines call this difeafe Fizwen, and Pfzgnen the Italians Gremme ,
the French sarfame, becaufe the fpots appearcatthe root ofthe tongue like white feeds,
and therefore itis vfuall inthe buying of hogges in all Narions to pull out their tongue
| | | and
49
s?
| Of the Swine. 683
and looke for the Meafils,for if there appeare but one vpon his tongue, it is certaine that
all the whole body is infeéted. And yet the Butchers do all affirme, thatthe cleaneft hog
ofal, hath three of thefe, but they never hurt the fwine or his flefh, andthe {wine may be
full ofthem, and yet none appearevpon his tongue, but then his voice will be altered and
not beas it was wont.
Thefe abound moft ofall in fuch Hogsas hauc flefhy legsand fhoulders very moyft,
and they be not ouer plentiful, they make the fle(h thefweeter, but ifthey abound, it ca-
fteth like ftocke-fi(h or meat ouer watered.Ifthere be no appearance ofthefe vpon their
| tongue, then the chap-man or buyer pulleth ofa brifile from the backe, and if blood fol-
| 1o low, itis certaine that the Beaftis infe&ed,andalfo fuch cannot well ftand vppontheyr
| hinderlegs.Their taile is very round.For remedy hereof diuers daies before their killing
| they putinto their wath or fwillfome afhes, efpecially of Hafelltrees. Butin Franceand
) Germany itis not lawfull to fel fuch a Hogge, and therefore the poore people do onely
| eat them. Howbeit they cannot but engender euill humours and naughty blood inthe
| body. ‘
| The rootes of the bramble called Rame; beaten to powder and-caft into the holes,
| where {wine fe to bath themfelues, dokeepethem cleare from many of thefe difeafes,
| and for this caufe alfo in ancient time they gauethem Horfe-fleth fodden, and Toads .
| Íodden in water, to drinke thebroath ofthem. The Burre pulled out ofthe earth without”
yron,is good alfo for them, if it be ftampedand put into milk, and fo giuenthem in their
wath. They giue their Hogges heere in Englande red-lead, red-Oker,and in fome places
red-loame or earth. And 7/zy faith, that he or (be which gathereth the aforefaid Burre,
muft fay this charme :
Ht e(l berba argemon
Quam minerua reperit '
Suibas his remedium
Qui de illa guflanerint.
At this daie there is great. praife of Maiden-haire for the recouery offwine ,alfo holy Thi-
flle, and theroot of Gunhan and Harts tongue. |
m
3° Ofleanne(fe or pyning.
|
| | Ometime the whole heard of {wine falleth into leannes, andfo forfaketheir meat, yea
|
although they be brought forth into the fie]de to feede ,yet as ifthey were drunke or
| weary theylie downe and (leepeall the day long.For cure whereof, they muftbe clofely
| fhuttevp into awarme place, and madetofaftone whole day from meat and water, and
| then giuethem the roots ofwilde Cucumber beaten to powder, and mixed with Water,
Jet them drinkeit,and afterward giue them beanespulfe, or any drie meat to eat,and lafi-
| lie warme water to procure vomit, as in men, whereby their ftomackesare emptyed of al
| thinges both good and bad, and this remedy is prefcribed againf allincertaine difeafes,
| 49 thecaufe whereof cannot be difcerned, and fome in fuch cafes doe cut off the tops of the
| tailes, or their eares, for there is no other vie of letting thefe beaftes bloode in theyr
| vaines. | :
| Of the Peftilense.
|: Hefebeaftsarealfofübie&tothePeftilence by reafon of earth-quakes & fudden in-
| feétions in theaire,and in fuch affe@ion the beaft hath fometime certaine bunches
| or fwellingsabeutthe necke,then let them be feperated, and giae them to drinkein
| water therootsof Daffadill :
| Quatit agros tuffis anhela [ues
| Ac faucibus angit obefrs tempore peftis.
| go Somegiuethem night fhadeofthe wood, which hath great ftalkes like cherry twiggs,the
leaues to be eaten by themagainftall their hot difeafes,and alf burned fnailes or Pepper-
woort ofthe Garden, or La£uta fzetida cut in peeces, foddenin water, and put into their
meate,
of
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Of the Ague.
N auncient time (Varro faith) that whena man boughta Hogge, he couenaunted with
the feller, thatit was free from ficknes,from danger, that he might buy it lawfully that
it hadno maunge or Ague.
The fignes of an Ague in this beaft
arethefe.
Hen they flop fuddenly, ftanding fil, and turning their heads about, fal downe
V as it were by aMegrim, then you muft diligently marke their heads which way
they turne them that you may letthem bloode onthe contrary eare, andlike-
wife vader their taile, fome two fingers from their buttockes, where youfhall findea *
large veine fitted for that purpofe, which firft ofall we muft beat witha rodde or peeceof
wood, that by the often ftriking ít may be madeto fwell;andafterwardes open the faide:
veine witha knife ; the blood being taken away, their taile muft be bound vp with Offer or
Elme twigges,and then thefwine muftbe kept in the houfe a day or two, being fed with
Barly meale, andreceiuing warme water to drinke asmuchasthey will...
Of the Crampe.
Hen {wine fall froma great heatinto a fudden celde, which hapneth when in
V V their trauel they fuddenly lie downe through wearineffe, they fall to haue the
Crampe, by a painefull convulfion of their members, and the beft remedye
thereof, is forto driuethem vp and downe, tillthey wax warme againe,andas hot as they
were before, and then let them beekept warme ftil,and coole at great leifure, as a horfle
dothby walking, otherwife they perifh vnrecouerably,like Calues which neuer liue after
they once haue the crampe.
Lice.
Hey are many times fo infefted and annoied with lice, that their skinneis eatenand
gnawne through thereby ; for remedy whereof, fomeannoint them witha confe-
&ion made of Cream, Butter, anda great deale of fale : Others again,annointthem
after they haue wafhed them all ouer with the Leeze of wine, and in England commonly
the country people vfe ftauef-aker, red-Oaker,and greafe.
Of the Lefragey.
Y reafon thatthey are giuen muchtofleepe in the fummer time,they fall into Lethar-
5 gies, and dieof the fame : theremedy whereof is, to keepethem from fleepe, and to
Wake them whenfocuer you finde them afleepe. /
Of the head-aches.
JH is difeafe is caldby the Graecians (Sceremia) and Kraura,and by Albertus, Fraretis,
herewith all fwine are many times infe&ed, and their eares fall downe, their eiesare
alío deiected, by reafon of many cold humors gathered together in their head, whereof
they die in multitudes, asthey do ofthe peftilence, and this fickeneffe is fatal vnto them,
ifthey be not bolpen within three or foure daies, The remedie whereof(iftheir be anie at
al) is to hold Wine co their Noftrils,firft makingthemto fmel thereof, andthen rubbing
it hard with ic, and fome giuethem alfothe roots of white Thiftle, cut final and beaten into
theirmeat, but if it fall out that in this paine they loofe one of their cies, itisa figne that
the beaft wil die by and by after (as Psy and Ariftotle write.)
Of the gargari[me.
This difeafeis called by the Latins Rawcele, and bythe Graecians Brancos, which is a fwel-
ling abouttheir chaps, ioyned with Feauer and Head-ach, fpredding it felfe all ouer the
throat, like as the fquinancy doth in a man, and many times it begetteth that alfoin the
Íwine, which may beknowne by the often moouing of their feet,and then they dy with
in three daies, for the beaftcannot eat being fo affeGted, and the difeafe creepeth by lit-
tle and little to the liuer, which when it hath touched it, the beaft dieth, becaufe it putri-
fieth as it paffeth. For remedy hereof, giuevnto the beaflthofe things which a man recej.
ueth againfithe fquinancy ,andalfo let him blood intherootofhis tongue,(I mean in the
veine vnder the tongue) bathing his throate witha great deale of hot Water mixed with
Brimftone and fale.
This difeafein hogges, is not knowne from that which is called szruma, or the Kinges
euill
*
o
39
x
» o An
———
=f Ihr
of the Swine.
eüill at tke fir(tappearance, as Arifforle and Pliny write: che beginning ofthis difeafe is in
the Almonds, or kernels ofthe throate, and itis caufed through the corruption of water
which they drinke, for the cure wherofthey letthem bloud, asin the former difeafe,and
they giuethemthe yarrow with the broadeft leaues. There is a he arbe called Herba impia,
all hoary, and outwardly it looketh like Rofemary, fome fay it is fo called becaufeno beaft
will touch it, thisbeing beaten in peeces betwixt two tiles or ftones, growerh marueilous
hot, the iuycethereof being mixedin milke and Wine, and fo giuen vnto the Swyneto
drink,cureth them of this difeafe, and if they drinke itbefore they beaffeGed therewith,
they neuer falinto it,and the like is attributed to the hearb T: vanity and Viola Martia Jike-
wife the blew flowers of Viglets are commended for this purpofe by Diofcorides.
T
Of the kernels.
"Tuae are little bunches rifing in thethroate, which are to bee cured by letting bloud
in the fhoulder , and vntothis difeafe belongeth that which the Germans cal Rangen,
andthe Italians sidor, which is notcontagious,bat very dangerous ,for within two daies
the beaftdoth dyethereof, if it bee not preuented: this euillgroweth inthe lower partor
chap ofthefwines mouth, where it doch not fwel,but waxing white,hardeneth like a peece
of horne, through paine whereof the beaftcanno: eate, for it is in the {pace betwixtthe
fore and hinder teeth, the remedy isto open the Swines mouth as wide asone can, by
thrufting into it around bat, then thrufta (harp needle through the fame fore, andlifting
it vp from the gum, they cutit off with a (harp knife,and this remedy helpethmany if it be
taken in time, fome giue vato them the rootsofa kindof Gention to drinke, asafpeciall
medicine, which the Germans for that caufe cal Rangen erue but the moftfure way is the
eutting it off, and like vnto this there is fuch another growing in the vpper chappe ofthe
mouth, and to be cured by the fame remedy; the caufe of both doth arife from eating of
their meate ouerhot,and therefore the good Swincheard muftlabour to auoid that mif:
chiefe, the mifchiefe of this is defcribed by Virgil :
Hine canibus blandis rabies venit, c quatit agros,
Tuffis anhela [ues ae faucibus angit abefis.
3e Of the paine in their lungcs.
Orall maner of pain in their lungs,which comeby the moft part from want of drink,
are to hauelung-wort ftamped, and giuen them to drinke in water, or elfeto baue it
tyed vnder their tongues two or three daies together, or that which is more probable,
becaufe it is dangerous to take it inwardly, to make a hole in the eate, andtothruft itinto
the fame, tying it faft for falling out,and the fame vertue hath the roote of the white Hel-
libor, büt che difeafesof the lunges are not very dangerous, andtherefore the Butchers
‘faith that you (hall fildome find a Swyne with found lungs or Liners: fometime it falleth
out chat inthe lightes of this beaft there wil be apparant certain whitefpots as big as halfe
4° 4 Wallout, but without danger to the beaft, fometimes thelightes cleaueto the ribs and
and fides of the beatt, for remedy whereof you mutt giae them the fame medicines, that
you giue vnto Oxenin the fame difeafe. Sometimes there appeare certaine blathersinthe
liver of water, whichare called water-gals, fometimes this is troubled with vomiting, and
then itis good to giue them in the morning, fryed peafe mingled with duft of Iuory; and
brufed faltfafting, bicfore they go to their paftures.
| Of the difeafes in the Spleene.
Y reafon that thisis a deuouring beaft,and through want of Water, it is many times
fickeofthe Spleene, forthe cure whereof you muft giue them Prewnes of Tameriske
5° preffed into water,to be drunke by them when they are athirft,this difeafe commeth for
the moft part in the fummer, when they eat of fweet and greene fruites, according to this
verfe; Strataiacent paffim, feuia quad, [nb arbore ponsa.
The vertue of thefe Prewnes of Tameriske is alfo very profirable agaynft the
difeafes of the Melte ; and therefore itis to be giuen to men as wellas to Beaftes,
Qq3q for
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The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
for ifchey do but drinke out of pots and cups made out of the wood ofthe tree Tamerifke,
they are eafily cleared fromall difeafes of the Spleene: and thereforein fome Countries
of this greactree they imake hog-troughes and mangers, forthe fafegard of their beaftes;
and where they grow notgreat, they make pots and cups. And ifa Hog do eat of this 7a-
meriske but nine daies together, at his death hee fhall be foundto bee without a Spleene,
(as Marcellus writeth.) V hen they become loofein their bellies, which happeueth to
them inthe fpring time by eating ofgreene Hearbes, they citherfallto beeleane, or elfe
to dye, when they cannoteafily make water, by reafon offome ftoppage, or fharpnefle
of Vrin,they may beeafed by giuing ynto them fpurge-feed. And thus much for the dif-
eafes of Swine. For conclufion whereof 1 willadde heereunto the length of aSwynes
life, according to Ariffotle and Pliny, ifit benot cut off by fickneffe or violent death; for
in their daiesthey obferued chat Swyne didliue ordinarily to fifteene yeares, andfome
of them to tweaty : And thus much for the natvre of Swyne in general.
T be medicines of tbe Hogge.
Thebeft remedy for thebitings of venomous Serpentsis certainly beleeued to bethis,
to take fome little creatures, as pigs, Cocks, Kyds, or Lambes and teare them in pieces,
applying them whiles they are hotto the woundas fooneas it is made , for they will not
only expell away the poyfon, but alfo make the wound both whole and found. For the cu-
ring of Horffes which are troubled with cheinflammation ofthe lungs. Takea fucking pig
and kill him neare vnto the ficke horfe,that you may inftantly.poure the blood thereof in-
to his iawes,andit wil prouea very quickand fpeedy remedy. The panch ofa fucking pig
being taken outand mingled with the yolke which fticketh to the inner parts of the skin,
and moyftned bothtogether, doth very much eafe the paine of theteeth being poured
into thateare, on which fidethe griefe fhalllye.
The liquor of {wines tlefh being boiled, doth very much help againft the Bapreflis . The
fatheis alfoa very good antidote againft poyfon, and very much helpeth thofe which are
troubled with the gout. Cheefe made of Cowes milke being very old, fo that it can fcarce
be eaten fortartneffe, being in the liquor or decoGion of Swines fle(h which is eldand
falt, and afterwardes throughly tempered, doth very much mollifie the ftifneffe of the
ioynts, being well applyed thereunto. | |
The Indians v fe to wath the wourds ofthe Elephantes which they hauetaken firftwith
hot water, afterwards ifthey fee them to be fomewhat deepe, they annointed them with
butter : then do they affwage the inflammation thereof, by rubbing of Swynesfieth vpon
them being whot and moyft with thefrefh blood ifluing trom the fame. For the healing
of the wounds of Elephants, butter is chiefely commended, for it doth eafily expell the
iron lyrage hid therein, but forthe caring of the vicers,thereis nothing comparable to
the fleth of fwine. The blood of {wine is moy ft, and not very hot, being intempermoft 4e -
like vnto mans blood , therefore whofocuer faith.that the blood of men is profitable for
any difeafe, he may firftapproue the fame in {wines blood : butifit (hew notthe fame, ic
may in a manner fhew the like aGtions |
For althoughitbe fomewhat inferior vnto mansblood, yet atthe leaft it islike vnto it;
by knowledge whereof, wee hope wee fhallbring by thevfe thereof, more fulland ample
profit vnco men. For althoughit do not fully anfwerto our expe&tátion;notwithflanding
thereis no fach great neede that we (hould. prove mens blood. For the encouraging of
a feeble or diminifhed Horffe, Ewmelus reporteth, the fleth of fwine being hot, mingled
in wine, and given in drinke, to be exceeding goodand profitable.; Therealfoarifeth by
IG
20
3e
Swyncanother excellent medicine againft diuers perillous. difeafes, which is this; to kill p
ayoung gelded Boare-pig, hauing red haires, and being ofa very:good ftrength ,recei-
ving the freth blood ina por, and to (tirit vppe-and downe agreat while together witha
fticke made of red Iuniperycafting out the clots of the blood, being gathered while itis
flirring. 43 Sie T
Then to caft in thefcrapings of the fame Iuniperyand ftir the betsigs of the Iuniper in
! the
/ -
siete ale
|
|
|
|
ll
|
|
ee
Of the Swine. 684
the fameto thequantity of feuen and twenty, but in the ftirring of the fame, let the clotes
be flil caftout: Afterwards mingle with the fame thefe hearbs following, Aerimony Rue,
Phu, Scabious, Betony, Pimpernell, Succory, Parfly, of eacha handfull. But ifthe mea-
fure ofthe bloud exceedthree pintes, put vnto ittwo ounces of Treacle: but if itfhallbe
bigger;for the quantity ofthebloud you fhall diminith the meafure efthe Treacle(. But
all things ought to be fo prepared that they may be putto the bloud comming hotfrom
the Bore.) Thefe being mixedaltogecher, you mufidraw forth a dropping liquor, which
you muft dry inthe fun, being diligently kept in aglaffc-veffell for eight daies together,
which you muft do once every yeate for it w/lllaft twenty yeares. This medicine is mani-
xo feftly known tobe a great preferuatiue againftthefe difeafes following namely the plague,
impoftumes in the head, fides, or ribs, as alfo all difeafes whatfoeuer in the lungssthe in-
flammation ofthe melt,corrupt or putrified bloud, the ague, fwellings in the body, fha«
king of the heart; the dropfie, heare in the body aboue nature,euill humors, but the prin-
cipalleftand chiefeftvertue thereofis in curing all poifons, and fuchas are troubled with a
noyfome or peftilent feauer. |
Let him therefore who is troubled with any ofthe aforefaid difeafes, drinke euery mor-
ning a fpoonefull, or foure or fue drops of the fame liquor, and fweate vppon the fame,
and it willin very (hort time perfeétly cure him of his paine. Somealfo do vie Almonds
pounded or beaten in the bloud againftthe plague, the liquor being extracted forth by
4o the forceoffire. A young pig being killed with a knife,hauing his bloud put vponthat par
of the body of any one which is troubled with warts, being as yet hot come from him will
refently dry them, and being after wafhed, wil quite expelthem away. The blood ofa
Sow which hath once pigged being annoynted vpon Women, cureth many difeafesin Mearcelias
them.
The braines ofa Boare or Sow being annointed vpponthefores or Carbuncles ofthe
priuy members, doth very effectually cure them, thefame effe@alfo hath the blood /ofa ,.
hog. Thedugs of ofa woman anointed round about with the bloud of a fow, will decreafe 7"
leffe and leffe. A young pig being cut in pieces, and the bloud thereof anointed vppona
Womans dugs, will makethem that they fhall not éncreafe, Concerning the greafe of
30 {wine jit is tearmed diuerfly of all the Authors,for the Graecians callit Stear Cotrien, and
Oxungisn, for the imitation ofthe Latine word Axungia: but Marcellus alfo applyeth Ax-
ungia to the fat of other creatures, which among the auncient Authors! do not find : for
in ourtime thofe which in Latine, do call chat fat xaungia, which encreafeth morefolide
betweene the skinne andthe flefh, ina hog, a man, a Brocke or Badger,a Dor-moufe,a
Mountain-moufe;and fuchlike. The fat of fwine they commonly cal Lard which groweth
' betwixt the skin and the flefh, in expreffing the vertues of this, we will firft of al (hew how-
itis to be apphed to cewers outwardly,and then how it is to be receiued inwardly,next vn-
to butter, it haththe chiefeft commendations among the ancients,and thereforethey in-
uented to keepeit long which they did by cafting fome faltamong it, neither isthe reafon
ofthe force ofitobfcurcor vncertaine, foras it feedethvpon many wholefome hearbes
9 which are medicinable, fo doth it yeald from them many vertuous opperations,and be-
fides the phyfick of it, it was a cuftomefor new married wiues when they firft ofall ente-
red into their husbands houfe, to anoint the poítes thereof with {wines greace in token
oftheir fruitfulneffe while they werealiue, and remainder of their good workes when they
fhould be dead,
The Apothecaries for preparation of certaine ointments,do geld amale fucking pig;
efpecially fuchaoneasis red,and take from his raines or belly certain fat,whith the Ger-
mans call Scher, and theFrench Oing, that is, Vzguentum; the husbandmen vfe Swynes
greafe to annoint the axe trees of their carts and carriages, and for wantthereof they take
putryfied Butter, and in fome countries the gum that runneth out of pine trees, and Fer
5° trees, with the fcum of Butter mingled together, and this compofition taketh away feabs
and tetters in men, but ic isto be remembred that this greace muftbee frefh, and not fal-
ted, for of falt greafe there js no vie, butto skovver thofe thinges that are not exulcera-
tcd.
The auticientes deemed that this is the beft Greace whigh vvas taken from the
Qq qz raines
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638
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafis.
raines of che Hog wathed in raine water, the vaines being pulled outofir,and afterwards
boyledina new earthen pot, and fo preferued. The fat of Swine is not fo horand-dry-as
the fat of other beaftes, the cheefe vie of it isto moy ten, to faften; to purge, and to fcat-
ter,and heerein it is moft excellent when it hathbeene wathed in Wine, for the ftale fale '
Greafe fo mixed with wine, is profitable to annoint thofe-thac haue the pleurifie; and
miveled with a(hes and Pitch, eafeth inflammations, fiftulaies and tumours,andthefame .
vertue is afcribed to the fatof Foxes; except that. their fat is hotterthenthe Swynes, and
lefle moy tt: likewife afhes of Vines mingled with ftale greafe of Hogs, cureth the wounds
of Scorpions and Dogs,and with the {pume of Nitre, it hath the fame vertue againft the
biting of Dogges. Itis vfed alfoagam{t the’ French difeafe, (calledthe French Poxe;) 19
for they fay it the kneefe ofaman bee annointed therewith, and he ftand gaping ouer it,
ic will draw a filthy matter out of his ftomacke, and make him vomit.
By Serenus icis preferibed, tobe annointed vpon thekneefe, againftthe ftifnefle ofthe
Necke . Mingled with Quickfiluer and Brimflone, it is fufferant againftthe itchand feabs.
This Lard being fod with the fazand applyedto thebody, doth mightily expell corrup-
tionsthatcleaue co theskin. "The fat of Swyneavich Butterand Oyle of Rofes, is inftilled
into thebroken skinnes of the braine for the cureofthem.
Likewife Bugloffe plucked vp by the roote, and thereotes cut off,and curiofly wafh-
ed, beatenand pounded into a ball, and mixed with Swynes greace,is good tobe layed:
toany incurable wound.” It isalfo profitable for the wounded Nerues of the body, bea- 7°
ten together with VVormes of the earth, according to thefe verfes of serenus :
Terra lumbrices inretritos,
Queis vetus ci ranis fociari exungia debet.
When bones are broken, if they be annointed with the fod greace of Swine,and fo bound
vp faftrogether, after they be wellfetand clofed, grow wonderfull faft fure, and folide
againe, Serenus writeth thus of it 5
Si eui forte lapis teneros violauerit artns,, 20 .
ecd e adtpes vetulos, ch tritam chamaciffon.
By this fat, (he meancth the fat of Swyne) becaufe prefently after he maketh mention of
the dung of Swyneto be good for the fame cure. Being mingled with pitch, it feattereth
all bunchesand fellons, The hardneffe of the breafls, ruptures, conuulfions,& Cramps,
and with whit Helfibor, it clofeth vp clifts and chinks,in the fle(h,& maketh the hard skin
to be foftagaine. Itis very profitable againft inflamationsof vlcers, efpecially the fat of
the boate pig, mixed with liquid gum. | |
Women doalfo vie the fat of a Sow that neuer bore pigto clearetheir skinne,and to
mixe it with pitch, and one third part of Affe-greafe againftthe fcabs ..'The fame mixed
with white Lead, and the fpume of filuer maketh the fcares of the body to be ofthe fame
colour with the refidues and with Sulphur, it taketh away the {pots inthe Nailes, mingled 4°
with the powder of Acornes: ifthe greace bee falc, it foftneth the hardneffe ofthet&e(h. —
Rue mixed with Swines fewet or Buls-greace, taketh, away fpottesand freckles out ofthe
face, and ic isalfo profitable againft che Kings euell, being mixed with the powder of a fea
Oyfter-fhell, and being annointed in abath, it taketh away the itch and blifters. Feather-
few and ftale fwines-greace,is alfo prefcribed againftthe Kingseuill. This fame alone or
~ with fnow, eafeth the paine of burnings in the flefh,and when there is an vicer, by reafon
of the burning, mixe it with tofted barly and the white of an Egge according to thefever-
fes;
| Conmbu[lis teni,
Hordeavel friges atá, oui candida sunges, | jo
Ad fit adeps porca mira efl nam forma medela,
Junge chelidonias ac [e line vnlnera fuceis, |
Quodg,recens uffit glacies axungia fimplex ,
Malcet gi ex facili grata eft medicamima cura.
Fre(h
TUS
- P
——
of the Swine. 6890
|, Frefhgreafeis very'profitable for thofe members that are furboted or riuen of thelr skin,
| andlikewife to anoint them that are weary with long iournies. Theathes of womens haire
burned ina (hell, and mingled with the fat of Swine,are faid to eafethe paine of S. Antho-
nies fire,andto ftanchbloud, and to cure ring-wormes. The gall ofa Swine, or of aBore,
and thelights with the far, filleth vp the kibes, and the ftalkes of Cabiges with the rootes
burned, and mingled with Swines greafe being applyed tothe fides, doe cure the daily
| paines thereof : Andthusfar of the vfe of this greale tor the bodiesof men. Now alfo it
followeth in aword to teuch the vfe thereof for the bodies of beafts. Whien the hornes of
| Oxen or Kineare broken, they takea little Lint, Sait, Vineger, and Oyle,and lay them
| vpenthe broken borne, pouring inthe liquid, and binding the reft clofe ontheout(ide,
| ro andthis they renew three daies together. Thefourth day they take the like quantity of
| fwines greafe,and liquid pitch, and with afmoothrind or barke of pine they bindeit too
| clofe, and fo itis faftened againe.. VVhenthe hoofeorancles ofan Oxeare hurt with the
| plough hare, then take hard pitch, {wines greafe,and Sulphur, roul them vp altogether
in vnwafhed wooll, and with ahot burning Iron melt them vpon the wound or horne.
The eares of Dogges in the fummer time are exulcerated by flyes, into the which fores
itis good to inftill liquid pitchfod with {wines greace, and this medicine alfoisgoodte :
deliuer beaftes from the tickes, for they fall offas many as touchit. When Lambes or
Kyds aretroubled with the Sheepe pox, fome vfetoannointthem with Swines ereafe and
the ruftof Iron, that istwo partes of Swynes greace, and one part of ruft, and fo warme
themtogerher. Alfofor the ícabs vppon Horfles heeles, that are called the fcrat ches,
which come for the moft part inthe Winter time, they curethem onthismanner. They
take the fat of Swyne, and melt it onthe fire,and poure it into cold Water, which after-
wardes they take it out and beate it well together, atlaft they mingle it wich Brimftone
| beaten fivall,and fo annoint the place therewith three.dayes together, and the third day
| they open the fcabs, and fo continueannoynting till itbe cured. |
| When a Horffe cannot hold his Neck right, itis good to anoynt him with Oyle,wine,
Honny, and Hogges-greace, the manner offome Leeches is,when they haue made a
fuppuration by Oxen in burning, they firft of all wath it with ftale Vrine, and afterwardes.
mingle an equall quantity of pitch and Hogs greace together, wherewithal they annoint
30 andcurethefore.
| Sometinethe blood of Oxen falleth downeinto theit feete, whereinit congealeth
| | and breaketh forth info fcabbes, then muft the placefirft of allbefcraped with a knife,and
|
|
the fcabs cut away, afterwardes with cloathes wet in Vineger, Salt, and Oyle, moyftened
| and preffed hard, andlaft ofallby an equall quantity of Hogs-Greace, & Goats fewet
| fod both together, it will be cured by layingit vnto it. Andthus much for the remedies
| of Swines greace towards beaftes. The buskes of Beanes being beaten ft mall to powder, ,
| and mixed with fwines greace, is very profitable againft the paine of the hippes,andthe
| Nerues. :
| Some Phyfitians take the greace of Swine, the fat of Geefe, the fewet of Bulles, and
40 the Oefjpus or fweat of (heepe, and annoint therewithall gouty Legges, but if the paine
| remoue not, then doe they adde vnto it Waxe, Mirtle, Gum, and Pitch, and fome vfeit
| mixed with old Oyle, with the ftone Sarcephagys, finck-foyle beaten in wine with lime or
| athes. This {wines greace beaten in water with cumin,is prefcribed by Simeon Sethragaintk
the gout.It remedieth the falling of the haire,and the painein the heads of women, ming-
led with one forth partof gals,and the like vertue it hath with wilde Rofes, Lingulacaand
Hippocampinus with Nitre and vineges. When the corners of ones eies are troubled with
wormes, by annoynting them with the fat ofa Sow with pig,beatiag them together both
within and without, you fhall draw allthe Wormes out ofhiseyes. —
When one hath paine in his eares whereby matter yffueth forth, let him beate the old-
$9 ef Lard he can ina Morter, and rake the iuyce thereof in fine wooll,then let him put that
-woollinto his eare, making it to workethrough warme water,and then infufe a little more
‘ofthe iuyce of that Lard, and fo fhall he worke a great curein fhorttime . And generally
the fatte of Geefe, Hennes, Swine; and Foxes, are prepared for allthe paynes in the
cares.
Qq433 53 If
690
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Iftherearife any bunchin the Necke or throate, feeth Lard and Wine together, and
fo by gargarifing that Lyquor, it fhall bee difpeifed, according to the verfes: of se-
venus : 1
Inrigere ceruicis geminus mulcebitur vnguipe poples.
Hinc longam paritur neruos medicina (equetur,
Anditisnomaruailethatthe vertue of this (hould go from theknees tothe Nerues;fee-
ing thet Pliny affirmeth, that from the anointing of theknees the favour’ goeth inte the
ftomack,ther is fo great affinity or operation of Rue vponthe ftones, that in ancient time
they were wontto cure burftneffe by annoynting the cods with wilde Rue and Swynes
Greace, > unt
Alfo this Greace with ruft of Iron, is good againft all the imperfc&ions in the feate.
Butter,Goofe-greace, and Hogges-greace, are indifferently vied for this infirmity. Al-
fo this 1s vfedto keepe Women from abortementesthat are fubie& thereunto, being ap-
plyedlike an eye-falue .In the difeafes ofthe matrix ,efpecially Vicers, they firft of all dip
Spuugesor Wooll in warme Water, and fo clenfethe places infeéted, and afterwards
cureitwith Rozen and Swynes Greafe, mingled together, and often vfing it inthe day
and night By way ofan oyntmnet:but ifthe exulceration be vehement, after the wafhin
they put Honny vnto the former confedion , and fome make a perfume with Goats
Horne, Galles, Swynes Greace,and Gumme of Cedars. And. Fernerws faith, that
Lard cut fmalland beatein a Morter of ftone like paaít,in a Limbecke of Glaffe, rende-
reth a white Water, which maketh the haire yellow, and alfo the face comely. Ifa man:
be poyfoned with Hemlocke hee eannot auoyde it better, then by drinking fale, Wine,
andfre(h Greace . A deco&ionheereof is good againft the poyfon of Beupreffis, and
againft Quickefiluer . Thefewet of a Sowe fed with greene Hearbes , is profitable
. tothem thatare ficke of a confumption of the lunges , according to this verfe of Se-
YCnUs s : nh
Perderit C veteris [ani pila fumpta fuilli.
This may alfo be giuen them in Wine, either raw or decoéted, or elfe in pilles to be fwal-
lowed dewne wholeif it be notfalted,and che fift day after they prefcribe themto drinke
out ofan Egge-fhell Liquid Pitch, binding their fides, breafts, and (houlder bonesvery
hard. Itisalfo vfedfor an old Cough after itis decocted, the waight of a groat being
put into three cuppes of Wine with fome Hony . It is giuen alfo to them that haue the
flixe, efpecially olde Lard, Honny,& Wine, being beaten together till they beeallas
thickeas Hony, whereof the quantity ofa Hafell-Nut, is to be drunke out of Water. Al-
fo morfels of Swynes-Greafe, Butter, and Hony, being put downe into a Horffe throate,
eureth him ofan old Cough, and finally a peece of this Greace being old, moyftened in
olde Wine, is profitabletoa Horfethat hath beene ouerheated in his ioyrney. When
Calues bee troubled with belly Wormes, take one part of Swynes-Greace, and mingle
it with three partesof Ifope, afterwardes thruft ic downeinto the throates efthe Calues,
and it íhall expell the wormes.
Whenthetongueand Chappes waxe blacke by a peculiar fickneffe of the mouth,
which the Phyfitians call Morbus epidemius, it is moft wholefome to rub the tengue with
the inner fide ofthe rines of Bacon, and fo draw out an extreame heate - and itis {aid ifa
man be deepely infeed, whofe tongue is thus rubbed, the faid Bacon rine being eaten by
any Dog,will procure his death. The fat of Wolues and the marrow of Swyneis good to
anoint bleare-eyes withall. By {wallowing downe the marrow of Svvine, theappetite to
carnall copulation is encreafed. |
Theafhes or powder of Hogs briftles vvhich are taken out of plaifterers penfils, wher-
1°
20
3e
43
59
withall they rub Walles, and mixed with Swynes Greafe,doth eafe the paine of burnings, _
and alfo ftayeth the bleeding of vvoundes, and the falling dovvne of thefeatebeing firft
ofall vvaíhed in VWineand dryed Pitch mingled therevvithall .'The powder of the cheek-
bones of Svvyne, isa moftprefent remedy for broken bones, and alfofor vlcersin the
legges andfhinnes. The fat of a Boare is commended againft Serpentes, and fo alfo is
the
10
20
Of the Swine.
the liver of a Bore pigge when the Fibres ate taken from ir, ifthe weight oftwo pent
be drunke in wine. |
The braine ofa Sow tofted at the fire, and laide to a Carbuncle, either difperfeth or
emptieth it. Likewife the blood and braines ofa Boreorafow, or Bore-pig being mixed
with honey, doeth cure the Carbuncles in the yard, and the braines alone, openeth the
gums of children, to let out their teeth, as Serenus writeth , > nant
Aucteneriscerebris gingivis illine porci. ;
There arenaturally in the head ofa Hoggetwo little bones thathaue holésinthem, oné
69i
in the right part, and another in the left. Now ifithappen thataman find thefebones by -
chaunce, either one or both of them, let him lay them vp fafe, and whenfoeuer he is tro-
bled with che Head-ach, let him vfethem, hanging them about his neckeby a filken thrid,
that is to fay, if his head ake on the right fide, let him hange the right bone, and if onthe
left, the left bone: Thefe things I report vpon the credit of Marcellus. Galen alo writeth,
that if the pole of the fwines earebe hanged about ones necke, it willpreferue him from
all cough afterwards. LOO,
| They were wont as Diofcorides writeth, to feetha Gudgen ina fwines belly, by theea-
ting whereof, they flaiedthe falling downe of the feat.If a man eatthe lunges ofa Boare,
and afowfoddenand fafting they will preferue him from drunkenneffe all that daye, and
Itkewife the fayed lunges doth keepethe foles ofthe feete from inflammation which are
~ caufed by ftreight fhooes.Italfo healeth the piles, clifts, and breaking of the skinne; and
20
kibes ofthe feet, by laying to ita Bores gall,anda fwineslungs. Ifaman drinke the liuer
ofa (ow in wine, itfaueth his life from the biting of venemous beaftes. Alfothelinerof a
Bore burned with Iuniper-wood, cureth all the faults in the fecrets, and drunke in Wine
without falt after it 1s fod, ftayeth the loofeneffe of the belly. The gall offwine isnot verye .
vehement, for as the whole body is waterith fo alfo is that,neither isthere any beaft heer-
in comparable vnto it, (exceptthe wild)& that isenimy to Vicers,ripening the fore,fcat-
tering the euill humors, and refifting the bitinges of venemous Beattes. Alfo the gall of
Bores layed to brufed Articles, doth procure vnto them wonderfull eafe. One (halltake
away an old fcurffe very eafily by the gall ofa fow, which farrowifit be mingled withthe
inyee ofthe hearbe Siclamine,and therewithall to rub theheade welin a Bath. Tokeepe
haire from growing vpon the browes when itis once plucked off. Take the gall and fatte
ofa Bore,and putthem into a fmooth-thicke-earthen-pot; and of the fharpeft Vineger
andoyle of Almonds, foure ounces a pecce, poure that intait,andthen bindthe mouth
of the pot clofe with a thicke linnen cloath, fo letting them fand feuen daies together,af-
terwards open them againe, and you fhall finde vpon thetopa certaine {cum like Gold,
wherewithalannoint thofe places, which you woulde haue remaine balde, after that you
hauebeaten it togither in a morter- likewife the gall ofa Barrow hogge or Borepigge,
doethfcatter Apoftumes and bunches in any part ofthe body. The gall ofa Hog dryed
in an Ouen, and layed vpon a Carbuncle, as much as will couer it, it cleaueth faft tothe
4° fore and draweth out the root and core thereof.
go
It is likewife goodagainft the vlcers of the eares,exeept the Vlcer be of long continue
ance, and thenit is good to vfe a (harper gall, firch asisa fheepes, an Oxes, a Beares, ora
Goats, they mingle herewithallfometimes oyle of rofes, but for olde wounds in the ears,
Itis goodto take one part of the beft hony, and two parts of the fharpeft Vineger, andfo
letthem boile on thefirethree walmes ,afterwards fet them farre off from the fire, vntill
itleaue feething or boiling, and then put Nitre vnto it,folong til you know by the Vapor
that the Niter is fettled, then feeth itagaine vppen a gentle fire, fo as it boyleth not ouer,
andlaftlye put into the eares of this gal ofa Bore, or ofa Goate,and then feeth it thethird
time, taking it from the fire, when it is Luke-warme, infufeit into the cares, and this gall
mufinot be the gall of a fow, except of fach as neuer bare pig. Alfo this gall being dried
doth cure the Hemorhods and kibes. |
"There are alfo certaine flifters or clifts in the booues ofhorffes, which are cured in one
nights fpace,by applyingvnto themthe gal ofa Barrow-hog, mingled with the yolkes of
Egges.The blather of (wine will provoke vrine, and ofa Boare pig fod, rofted or boyled R
^ &n
—— r
a Ne ee
Se
= ==
Pa
———
memes
=
The Hilary of Fourc-footed Beafts.
and fo eatenand drunke, caufetha man to containe his vrine, which neuer could before.
When the head ofa man is exulcerated and runneth, take the bladder of a Barrow-hog,
with the Vrine, andcaft the fame into the fat cut fmall, afterwards mingle it fo with falt,
thatit may appeare all white, then binde it vp fat, and digge a hole inthe Garden about
a cubit deepe, wherein bury and couer the fayde gall, and folet it re(t forty or fifty daies
inthe earth, till che matter therein contained be putriied, then take it out and melt it in
a difh,and keepe the ointmentthatarileth of it. Then wath the head all ouer with lye,
vnto:he intent that it may not be offended thoroughthe Acrimony thereof, mingle it
withnew ine or with water, and then when it is dry after fuch wafhing, annoint it with
the fayde ointment, and fo will the noxious and vncleane haires fall euery ene off, and
new pure ones arife in their place, and you muft be very carefullte keepetbehead from
colde.
They were wontto giuethe ftones of fwineagzinftthe fauling fickneffe,but then they
were firft dryed, and afterwards beaten to pouder, and giuen to the ficke party in {wines
milke, fo he was commaunded to abftainefrom wine many daies before, and after here-
ceiued it for many daies togither.In Savoye they take the ftones ont of a yong hoe when
they geld him, and fcorch them at the fire fo long, till they may bee cruíhed to peeces,
and this they prefcribe to be drunke in wine againft the Collicke.
Some giue the powder of Beres flonesto menand women, to increafe. copulation
and conception. The Magicians or wife men of the Eaft, prefcribed to be drunke forthe
incontinency of vrine, the pouder ofa Bore pigs ftones eut of fweete Wine, andthen to
make water ina Dogs kennell,which while he is doin gto {peake to himfelfethefe words:
INeipfe vrinam faciam vt canis in [uo cubile, but I willleaue this fuperfütion, asnot worthy
to be Englifhed. Some take the bladder ofa Sevy butnedto pouder, and drunke for this
. infirmity,'and fome a certaineliquerith poifon, which droppeth from the Nauell ofa
Bore pig, immediately after it is farrowed.
Baconbeaten together, and made like meale, is goodagainfta continuall cough, or
ftaieth bleeding atthe mouth. Bacon broathis alfo mingled with other medicines againft
the gout,andthey makean implaifter of Baconto fcatter grau elly matter in the bladder, ,
The bonesof Bacon about the hippes, are keprto clenfe andrubbe teeth, and by burni ng
of them, not onely the leofe teeth in men are faftened, but alfo the wormes intheteeth
of beafts are killed. Ifa horfe bee troubled with the Glaunders or any fuch liquid. matter
running outat his mouth and nofe, then let the broath wherein Baconand {wines feete
hath bin fod, be mixed with hony, and fo ftrained afterward, let it be beaten well togither .
with Egges, andfo infufed into the left Nofthrillofthe horfle. Gagnerius prefcribeth an
emplaifterto be made of cheefe,and the feet offwine againft the fhrinking vp ofthe fin-
newes. : !
Theancle bone ofafow being burned vntilit be white,and brufed and taken in drink,
doeth cure the fwellings ofthe necke, and paines oflong continuance. The Ancle bone
of a Sowburnedand brufed, and giuen to drinke omely in Water isa remedy againft the
-collicke and ftone. The anckle bone ofa fow doth driue away thofe {wellinges which arife 4?
in the ftomacke, and doth eafe the paines of the head.
The aíhes of the ancle bone ef afow or/Bore, doeth cure Cornes, cleftse, or other
rifts in the skin, and the hardneffe ofthe skin that isin the botcome of thefeet. Tt is alfo
fhewed,that ifthe bone fhall be hung about the necke of thofe that aretrobled with quar-
terne agues, that chen they (hall be farre better, but of what bone he Ípeaketh, itis vneer-
taine, butas he remembreth it is the next bone before the fat ofthe anckle bone.
Thebones thataretaken from the hoofes of fowes, burned and beaten to. pouderare
very goodto rub and clenfe the teeth : Alfo thebones next to the ribbes of Bacon being
burned, are very goodto faften theteeth. The bonesthat aretaken from the hooues of
hogs, and burned to pouder,are vied to clenfe the teeth, and it is very good alfo to falen 5?
the teeth. The a(hes which are made ofa Harts horne, or of the hoofe of a hog, are verie
goodto clenfe or rub the teeth. The bones which are taken from the hoof ofa hog burnd
andbeatento pouder and fifted, and alittle fpicknard addedthereto,doth make the teeth
very white,by often rubbing them tbetewith. Theafhes of the hoofs ofa Bore orfow,pat
Hoc
usi
Ed
e;
XO
of the Swine. 6
| ih drinke, doth ftay the incontinency of vrine, andalfo the bloody flixe. Takeas much
| Mercurial fodde,as ones hand can hold, fod in two pintes of water vnto one pinte, and
| drinke the fame wth hony and fale ,andthe pouder ofa Hogges hoofe, andit (ball loofe
the belly. The milke ofa Sow drunke with tweet wine, helpeth women intraucl!l, and the
{ame being drunke alone; re ftoreth milke in Wonrens breatts,Icis alfo good againftthe
| blody flix and Tiffick. The ftones offwiue beaten to powder, and drunke in fwines milke,
are goodagainft the fauling fickneffe The wife men werewontto prefcribe the left foote
or legge ofa Camalion to be boundvato the feetagainft the gowt, ,
|... "fhereare alfe many vfes ofthe dung of fwine,and firft ofal it being mixed with Vine-
| er, is good agaipftthe bittinges of venemous beaftes, and Aetins maketh an emplaifter
10 thereof, againftthe biting ofa Crocodile. Itisto beapplyed fingle againft the ftinging
| of Scorpions and alfo the biting ofany other reptile creature Ifa Serpent bitean Oxe or
| a Horfe, or any other Eouxe-footed-Beaft, take the ftalke of Nigella, and beat into a pinte
| of olde wine, fo as all thexüice may Soc out thereof, then infufeit into the Noftril ofthe
beaft, andday fwities duage to thefore ,fealfo it may bee applied vnto men, whereunto
; fome do ad Hony Atticke, and the vrine ofa mah andifo itis tobeapplyed warme, it be-
| . ingalfowarmedina (hell, and dried to pouder, mixed withoyle, and layedtothe bodie,
| eafeth outward paines. Itis likewife profitable againft burnings, itch, fcabs,and blifters,
and trembling of the body, accoraing to thefe verfes of Serenus :
Stercorts ex porco cinerem confundit olimphis
P Sicpauidum corpus, dextra pajeente foueto.
This is alfocommended againft hard bunches in the body, hardnes ofthe skinne,cliftes
and chinkes in the flefh, freckles, licejand nits and alfo the breaking of the finnewes :
| - sieniforti lapis teneros violauerit artus
| Non pudeat lutea, flereus perducerepo[ a
| Itisalfo goodto ftay bleedinges at the nofe, ifit be layed tothe Nofthrils warme,and to
|
ftaie the bleedings of beafts, it it be giuenthem in wine, the fame being mixed and coue-
red with hony, is annointed vpon horfes forthe Quinfey or fwellings of the throat. Ifthe
*- breaftes of a woman do fwel after her delivery ot childe, itis good to annoint them with
zo water,and the dung of Hogges; alfo the powder thereof mixed with oile, is profitable for
the fecrets of men and women. Ifa man baue receiued any hurt by brufes, foas his blood
ftaieth in his body, orfuffer conv ulGon of the Nerues through Crampes, thofe euilsare
| cured by the dung of a Bore gathered in the fpring time, dried and fod in Viniger, and
fome of the later Phyfitians prefcribe it to de drunke in water, and they fay that Nero the
Emperor was woont to vfe that medicine, when hewould try the ftrength of hisbody, in
a running Chariot: alfo the powder ofthe fame being drunk in Vineger,is profitable for
the ruptareand inwarde brufes, and warmed in Wine againft al manner of üizes and Tie
zickes For the paines ofthe leines andal other thinges which need mollyfieng tub them
Grftofall with Deeres greace,and chen fpriokle them with old Wine mixed with the pou
| 49 der of Swines dung. | :
| Thevrine ofa Swine is alfogood againft albunches and apoftemation being layed
| toin wool. Thevrine of a Bore pig dryed inthefmoke, and drunke with fweet Wine, the |
| quantity of abeane,is profitable againft the fauling euil. Againftthe white-
nes of che eyes,and the flonein the reynes and bladder.
And thus much for the flory ofíwine
in generall.
| 739
E —
Sy Me
WS}
M
e MAMMA. NW
v.
GN
S '
29
His beaftistearmed by noother name thentle common :
{wine among the Hzebrewes, namely, Chafr, as you may
fec in Pfal.S0.wher the prophet fpeaketh of Chafr de fylva,
That is 5 the Bore eut ofthe wood. The Grecians call him
Capres and Syagros, and Clunis, although fome take clunis
for a Bore of an exceeding great flature. Ariflophone faith,
that thereare fome of this kind which are ald Moz which
werde by S.Cyril vppon the prophet O/ey is interpreted a
wilde Affe, but Irather inclineto their opinion which faie,
that Chlunis Monyos, and Chauliodon are poeticall words for
cruell Bores. 4ri/fotle is of opinion, thefe bores beiag gelt whenthey ate young, growe
ME en greaterand more fierce, whereunto Homer alfo yceldethas he is thus tranflated :
ii i Nutryt exetum, fyluis borrentibus aprum
hi i Inflar non bruti fed dor fi montis opaci.
ny But this isto be vnderítoode of {uch Bores,as by accident geld themfelues by rubbing
| vponany ttee-The French call this Beatt, Samelier and pore sanglier 5 the Italians Cinghi-
aleand Cinghiare, and Porco. The Spani ards Puerco Sylueftre,and Puerto montesand Vanali,
pu the Germans Wild Schbusein The Illyrians Worpes, and the Latines Apers for Porcus figni-
TAM fieth the tamefwine, and Aper the wilde. The reafon of this Latine name "Aper, is deriued
| from A/per, becaufe he liueth among the (harp thorns and woods, but I rather think that
a "per is deriued from Capros the Greeke word, or elfe Aper 4 feritate, frem his fierceneffe
E and wildenes, by chaunging one letterintoanother.
The Epithites of this beaft are many, both in Greeke and Latine, fuch as thefeares
' fharpe, wilde, Arcadian, Attalantean,troubler, bloody, toothed hard, Erymanthean,cru-
cll, outragious, fierce, ftrong, gnathing, lightning, yellowe, raging, Acorne-gatherer,
ea quicke, rough,rough-haired, horrible) Mazaliaz, Mercean,Meleagron, thr eatning,wood-
wanderer, cruell, Sabelican, briftle-bearer, foaming, ftci&, filthy, Te¢eas, Thufcan, fear-
full, wey-faced, truculent, deuourer, violent,/mbrian, woun d-maker,impetuous,moun- 5
taine-liuer,arimed on both fides, and fuch like. |
But ofall thcfe Epithites there are onely three, Evimanthean, Calidonean, and Myffean,
which do offer vnto vs peculiar ftories,accor dingas we find them in the poets, whichwee
ji will prefix by way ofmorral difcourfe before we enter into the natural ftory of this beaft.
| Firftotall, Erymanthus wasa hill of Arcadia, wherein wasa wilde bore, that continually
did defcend down & depopulate their Corn-fields, rferenles comming that way,and hea-
rin g of that mifchiefe did kill che faid Bore and carryed him vpon his backe to Ewry/fheus,
whereat Eary/theus was fo much affraid, that he went and hid himfelfe ina brazen veffell,
whereof Virgili{peaketh thus : Evymanthi
5 Fredo z
is
zI ^
à x %
gv J 4 }
f
^ ;
»
,
,
30
4o
| Theepithets
Sires Sk e Em ga sc
Of the Swine.
Erymanthiplacaret [yluam, c lernam treme, ecerit aycu
And of this Erymanthean bore Martial fpeaketh :
- Quantus erat calidon, & Erymanthe tuus.
Of the Calidonsan Borethereis this ftory in Homer. W hen Oenens thePrince of Aectolia
factificed the firft fruits of his country to the Goddes, he forgot Diana, wherewithall the
was very angry, and fo fent among the peoplea fauage Boare, which deftroyed both the
Countrey and Inhabitants: againft whom the Calidontams and Pleuronians went foerth in
hunting; andthe firft ot al thac wounded tlie wilde Beaft was Meleager the fonne of Ocnews,
for reward wherof, he receiued his head and his skin, which hebettowd on Atalantaa vir-
1o ginof Arcadia, withwhome hee was 1n loue, and which did accompany himin hunting :
wiierewithall the fonnes of TAye/fius, which were the Vncles of Meleager were greatly of-
fended(for they were the brothers to his mother Althea,)thofe men lay mwaite to deftroy
him, whereof when hee was aduertifed, he killedfome ofthem, and putte the refidue to
flights For which caufethe Plearonians made warreagainftthe Calidonians:inthe begin-
ning of which warre Meleager fell out with his mother, becaufe the did not help hir coun-
try:Atlattwhen the Citty was almoftrakea, by the perfwafion of his wife C/eepatra, hee
went out to fight with his enemies, where in valiant maner he flew many of them,others
he put to flight, who in their chafe running away, fell downe vpon fteepe rockes and peri-
(hed. Then Althea the mother of Meleager began to rage againfther fonne, and flunge in-
2o tothe fire thetorch which the fates had giuen vnto her to lengthen his daies, fo when {he
{aw her fonne was dead, (he repented and (lue her felfe, and atterwardes was.caft inte the
very felfe.fame burning fire with him.In the hunting ofthis Bore Aaceus the. companion
of fa/on to Colchis was flaine. This Bore ts alfo calleda Meliagram and Attalantean Bore, of
whom Martial! writeth thus: sete
Qui diemideis metuendus Setiger agris
Actolacecidit cuidetalis erat.
Andagaine in another place :
Laéfe mero paftum pigre mihi mortis alumnum
ponat ei» Aetalo de [ue diues edat .
o itis {aid that this Bore had teeth of acubit long;& the maner of his hüting was expreffed
inthe pinnicle ofthe Temple of T egea,for which caufe he is called the Tegeaz Bore.Vpon:
the one fide ofthe Bore againfthis middle,were painted Atalanta, Meleager , Thefeus, Te-
lamen , Peleus, Pollux ,and Jelaus the companion of al Herculestraucls. Prothus and Come-
tes the fonnes of Thie/fiws and brethren of Altheajon the other fide ofthe Bore flood 47-
caus wounded, and Epceus {uftaining his hunting {peare ; next vnto him ftood Caffor, and
Ampliaraus, chefonne of Oiclens. After chem Hippothus, thefonne of Cersion, 4 gAme des,
the fonne of Stymphelus ,and laflly piritbous. The teeth of this Bore were taken away by.
Augufius after the time chat hehad ouercome Anthoney, which he hung vpinthe lem-
ple of Bacchus, ftanding in the Gardens ofthe Emperour. And thus much for the C4/ido-
nian Bore. |
Now.concerning the Myffean bore, I find this {tory recorded of him. VVhen Adrastus.
the Phrygian who was of the kings blood, had vnawares killed his brother,he fled to Sar
dis andafter his expiation dwelt with Grefus.Jchapnedat thattimethat there was a_ wilde
Bore came out of Olimpus,andwafted a great part of the countrey of My//ea: the people
oppreffed with many loffes, and retrifyed with theprefence of fuch a beaft, befoughtthe
king tofend his owne fonne 4275 with much company to hunt andkilthe Bore. Theking
wasaffraide thereof, beeaufe in his dreame hefawa vifion, his fonne perifhing by aniron
{peares yet at lafthe vvasperfwaded, & committed the fafegard.of his body to Adrastuss
When they came to the wildebeatt, Adraitus bent bis fpeareat the Bore, and while hee
caf itto kill him, the fonne of cre/us came betwixt them, and fo was flaine withthe {pear,
5€ according to the dreame ofhis Father. Adrastus feeing this misfortune, (that his handes
which (hould haue defendedthe young prince, had taken away his life) fellinto extreamé
paffionand forrow for thefame,and although the king, knovving his innocency, forgaue
him thefa&, yet hee flue himfelfe at the Funerallof Attys, andfo vvas burned vvith him
inthefaime fire, Andthus much for the Myffeaz Bore. |
Novv
= = -
ELI EM
I
=
TERR Seu,
x
ima mra eure er
T 2
Heros
See
696 The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
Now we will proceedeto the particular flory of the wilde Bore, and firft of allofthe
countries breeding Bores. The Spaniards fay,that inthe new found world, there are wilde
... Bores much leflethen ours, which haue tailes fo (hort, that one would think they had bin
MAU AEn cut off, they differ alfo in their feet, fortheir hinder feet are net clouen, but ftand vppon
otheracci. ON claw, andtheir forefeet are clouen like common fwines.
dents. Their flefh alfo is more fweetand wholefome then common {wines (leth,whereof Pe-
ter Martir giucthreafon in his Ocean Decads,becaufe they feed vnder valme Trees, neer
the Sea-fhore,and in Marfhes. Olaws Magnus writeth,thatin divers places of Scandina-
via, they hunt wilde Bores which aretwelue foot long. The wilde Bores of 7zdiaaccor-
ding to Pliny haue teeth, which in their compaffe containa cubit, and befides their teeth
growing out of theirchaps,they haue two hornes on their head like Calues hornes.In the
Iflands Medera, thereare abundance of wilde Bores likewife in Helwetias and efpecially in
thoie parts thatioyne vppon the Alpes, wherethey would much more abound, butthat
the Mzgiftrates giue liberty toeuery manto killanddeftroy them. There areno Bores
in Affricke except in Aethiopia, where their Bores haueall hornes, and of thofeit was that
Lycotas the Countriman fiw ina publicke fpe&tácle at Rome : |
Niucos lepores ci» non fue cornibus apros.
That is, Hares whitelike fwine, and Bores that haue hornes. It isa wonderfull thinge
that there are no Boares in Creer and no leffe admirable that the Bores of Macidoniaare
dum and haue no veice : And thus much concerning the Countries of Bores.
Now concerning their colour, it is obferued, that wilde Bores for the moftpart are of
ablackeand browne colour, efpecially at the top of their haire, and fomewhat yellow vn-
derneath, and yet Paw/anias writeth, that he hath feene Boares all white; howbeit tharis
not erdinary. Their blood is fharpe and blacke like blacke wine, and fuch as wil neuer bee
thicke, their cies like to the cies of wrathfullbeafts, as VVolues,and Lyons. Theirtuskes
IO
20
are moft admirable, for with them while they arealiue, they cut like fharpe kniues, but '
when they are dead, they haue loft chat cutting property, thereafon of itis in the heat of
thetooth, for it is certainely affirmed by hunters of wilde Bores,that when the Beaft fal-
lethfirfton the earch downe before the Doggesand hunters, if one pull offa briflle from
his backe, and lay it vpon the tuske,the heat thereof wil make it fhrinke vp and turne togi-
ther likea hot yron, and if Dogges doe chaunce to touch them, they burne their haires
from their backe, whereby the ardent and fiery nature of this beaftis manifeft,as. an euer-
lafting monument of the work of God, and yet notwithftanding alltheir wrath they haue
no gall, (as Pliny writeth)their head and face are their ftrongeft parts, and therefore ypan
them they receive the hunters blowes as vpon a bucket.
Their teares which they fend forth of their eies are verie fweer,and efallother thinges
they cannot abide their owne vrine, for it is thought to be fo hotte; that it burneth them,
the places’of and they can neuer runne away in flight, till they haue emptied their bellies thereof. The
Oppianus
Gilluss
30
their abode. Slace of theit abodeis forthe moft partinthe marfhesand woods, for che Scythiansdid 4°
hunt Harts and wilde Bores in the Marfhes, but Roes and wilde Affes intheplaine fields.
Sometimes they hidethemfelues among Fern, which they have gathered togetherinthe |
fields, and they dig holesand ditches for themfelues, wherein they reft,and thisis obfer-
ued, that they love not fo much to wallow in the mire, as the tame and Domeftical fwine,
although they be ofahotte and fiery nature-Their voice is like to the voice of common
{wine, burthe females is fomewhat more fhril. They liue for the moft part folitary and a-
Jone, and not in beards as the other do, and feede vppon fuch meates as the vulgar fwine,
Tragus faieth,thatthere is a kind of greene corne in Germany, whichis armed with verye
fharpe ftalkes and pointesat both ends likeBarley, this the peoplédo feerhandicate like
peafe. | ;
Now fotafmuch as wilde Bores are deftroyers of their Corne; they fowe that graine
fiéer the woeds fides where the Bores abide, whereby they defend and fafegard their bet.
ter corne.Bores doalfo eat the wormes of the earth, which they dig out with their-nofes;
and in Pampbilia and the mountaines of Cylicza, they do eat Salamanders without hurte or
danger,
jo
Of the Swine.
danger to themfelues, and yet if men chance to eat oftheir flefh which haue fo deuoured
chem they dieafterwards through thepoifon : wherby it manifeflly appeareth,thatthere
is danger in eating wilde hogs flefh. Hemlock and Henbaneis alfo poifon to fwine,which
they never eat but vnawars,and hauing eaten it prefently they loofe their ftrength in their
hinder parts,whereby they are faine to draw them afterthem,and in that maner they craul
tothe water fides,wherethey gather together Saailes & fea-crabs, by eating wherof they
are reftored to their former health . Iuy is alfo a medicine for the difeafes of Boares, and
old age maketh them altogether vnfit to be preferued. Therefore in auncient time when
they kept Bores in parks, whereof Fuluins Hirpinus was the firft beginner Lueius Lucullus,
ro and Quintus Hortentius the immediate followers, I fay they neuer kept bores paft 4. year
20
old, becaufe after that cime they waxed leane and pined away . Now concerning their ge-
neration or copulation to engender, itis certaine that they do not couple often in the year
asthe tame fwine, but only once, and thatin the beginning of Winter, or the middle, fo
thatthey may bring forth in the fpring time of the yeare,and they chufe the moft vnufed,
narrowe, hollowe, and fteepe placesto couplein. The male abideth withthe femalethir-
ty daics together, and the female beareth her young ones, both forthe number andthe
timeanfwerable to the vulger fwine. When the Boare is in copulation before hand,while
he worketh the fow, he carrieth a mouth as white as any horfe, which as inthe horfe it ri-
feth through vehement ftirring ,fo in the bore it rifeth through vehement beate and fear-
uer. Inthetime of their lu(t they are very (harpe, eager, and cruell, fighting withall males
that come in their prefence, and therefore they arme their bodies by rowling in the durt,
and alfo by rubbing them againfttrees,that fo they may behard to withftand one another,
This fightof boresis thus defcribed of Virgil:
per fyluas tum fanus aper tum pefima Tigris,
Ipferuit dente[d, fabelicus exacuit fus,
Et pedibus fubeeit terram, fricat arborecoflas,
tá, hinc at G, tlline bumeras ad vulnera durat.
Being infamed with venerial rage, he fo fetteth vpright thebriflles of his neck, that you
would take themto be the (harp fixis of Dolphinssthen champeth he with his mouth ;era-
o tethand gnafheth his teeth one againft another, ‘and breathing forth his boylingfpirit,
49
5°
not only at his eies, but athis foaming white mouth, he defireth nothing but copulation,
and ifhis female endure him quietly, then doth fhee fatisfiehisluft, aud kill all his angers
but if fhe refufe, then doth he either conftraine her againft her will, or elfe layeth hir dead
vpon the earth. Somtime they forcea tame Sow, and then the pigs fo begotten;are cald
Hybride, that is, by way of contumely, baftards : And it is to bee obferued;that neuer any
wilde beaft being tamed doth engender copulation, except they bee tamed very young,
onely wilde Bores do quickly miagle with vulgarfwine . The female of this kindehath no
teeth ftanding out of her mouthlikethe male, except very fhort ones, and therefore the
refidueare more likea faw then the teeth ofa Boare ,for'it is a generall rule;
Nullidentes exerti quibus ferrati, ^ ^
Concerning the difpofition of Bores in general, it is brutifh, ftubborne, and yet coura-
gious; wrathfull, and furious, becaufe their bloud is full of fibres , and miniftreth vnto
them fudden matter of anger, neitherare ther any beafls fo clothed with haire, as Lyons
and Boress wherefore both of them are of like fierceand angry nature, yet we haue fhew-
ed ia the {tory of the Hart, how they were drawne from their meat and dens by the voice
of mufick. It is faidthat they are not capable ofany difciplinéor inftrugtion, and yet Seas
liger affirmech, that he fawa Borethat belongedto the Lord of Salwimont ofan exceeding
great {tature, tamed by his maifter, whoat the founding ofthe hornes,would come runs
hing like a dog to bunting, and go abroad with his maifteramongthe Dogs, contending:
with the moft {wift in race to attaine the prey.
They naturally defire to bury their owne footfteps in wet miry places, that they may
not bee found ont by the hunters; and as the rage of the Boares is greateftin the time of
their {ult,{0 is it inthe Sowés after their farrowing and therfore it was an excellent fpeech
of Cyaxares vnto Syrus, that Swyne when they feethe Hunter,although they be many, yee
run away withtheir pigs ; but if the Hunter follow s ofthe young ones, then doth joa
| rr am
The genera~
tion of wilde
Syvine,
The fight of
Boares,
SS eee ee
=
SSS
The Hiftary of Foure-footed Beafts.
dam turne againe,and withall her force endeuoure to deftroy him that would depriue hir
of her yong ones. Beforethe Bores do fightthey go and whettheir teeth, butwhilethey |
are in contention, if ir happen thata Wolfe commethin fight, then they forfake their mu-
tuall combats and all of thei ioyne together todriue away thc Wolfe, The Beare dareth
not to enter vpon the wilde Bore, except behind him and ynawares. Hefted faith,that Vul-
can pi&tured vppon the fhield of Hercules , the images and (hapes of many wilde beaftes
fighting one with another, neither of both yealding to other, till both of them fell downe
dead which caufed Aleiatus to makethis Emblem of a vulture ftading by to {ee their con-
tention, and fuffered them to kill one another without parting, whereby afterwardes fhe
enioyed their dead carkates, |
Dum [auis ruerent ia mutuavulnera telis;
Vague leenaferox dentetimendus aper,
Accurrit vulter fpectatum, c prandia eaptat ,
Gloria victeris prada futura [ua eff.
Ít isteported that Bores will fwim fingle and alone like fithes, andfomeofthem twotogi-
Swimming ther like VVolues,and many times in locks and heards like Roes, for fuch is their ardent
SSS
Of the hun-
ting of wilde
- : 5 - = e z- dm
mi DR Tuner SS ear AU m accro ael c y uere m Rua o m nece e Re i s es
Ne Qr ARE eS iH SS ee
Ns
pA
IE
UE
p
SSS
——
nature and defire of meat, that rhey fearenot the higheft Mountains, nor the deepeft wa-
terse Now concerning the fiefh ofwilde Bores, although we haue fpoken aboundantly
in the former difcourfe of Swyne, yer muft we adde fomething in this placesfor although
generally the flefh oframe fwine 1s vilcous and colde, yet the flefh of the wilde is more
teniperate and nouri(bable,and therefore of lighter conco&ion andftronger nourifh-
ment. Thereforethofe which had a Timpany were prefcribed to eate Bores fleíh and
wilde Sow es, for it dryeth, {trengthneth, and moueth;and men that ate vexed with Saint
Anthonies fire, are forbidden to eateall fal meates and leauened bread, yet permitted to
eate of Bores flefh. Itisreportedthac Publius Seruillas Rullas, wasthe verye firft among
all the Romans that did fetathis table a whole Boare, moft delicately dreffed and ftuffed
with variety of diuers coftly difhes,which Bore by Varro is cald Aper Millianius that is,.Milé-
librarum ,ofathoufand pound worth;again{t which intolerable gluttony and coft,Juueiall 30
made thefeverfes 5 d |
Quantae[l aula que fii totos,
ponit Apros animal propter conuiuia natum.
Apitius in the beginning of his eight booke, prefcribeththe maner how to dreffe the defh
of wilde Bores, wherewithall if any be delightedlethim readethat booke, for itis not my
purpofe in this Treatife,to blotany paper with any long inflru&ionfor Cooks and Belli-
gods, neither were it any part ofthis natural Hiftory, nor yet agreeable to my calling or
enterprife, and therefore I will onely addethis obferuation of Aéfaldws, that Bores feth
falted in poudring tubs, dgth change both colour and taft, atthat time of yeare, wherin
the liuing Bores do rage vpon their females: And thus much thallfuffice to haue fpoken 49
of Bores fleth.., | rece
Nowinthenext place wee will proceedeto talke, concerning the hunting of Boares
which is not onely a paftime for Lords and Princes, but alfoa neceffary labour for mea-
ner men; forastheharmethat comunetbby bores is.exceeding great; and fomuch the
greater by how muchhe is poorer that doth fuftaine it, fothe veility tolearnethe meanes
of deftroying this beatis more commodious, becaufethe commonprouerbismoretrud —,
inthis then in the vulgar fwine;tbat they neuer do good tillthey are dead.
Itis reported of Diec/e/faz when he was agent for the. Romans in. France there came
an olde Woman called Dryas vnto him, and reproued him for his coneconfneflestelling
him that he was ouer-fpating,and perfimonioussto whom he anfwered in teft,when Lam 5@
Empe. I wilbe more liberal:Dryasreplyed ynto him, Nolz Jocare Dioclefrane, na imperator
eris cum apritocciderts. Thatissleft notO Diocle[zan,for thou fhalt be Egap.whenthouhaft
killed Aper, (that was a Dore ashe thought, jand therefore he gaue himfelfe to the hunting
of Bores,neuer {paring any time that was offred vnto him, alwaies expeQing the euentof
| thatfpeech,
£T 4
j is 7, 7
EEO EO
Of the Swine.
fpeech, whereofhe was fruftrated vntill hekilled Arius Aper, the gouernor of the iudge-
menthall, andthen afterwards being Emperor heknew that the women did not meanea
Boare, buta man. Now therefore the hunting of Boares, and the manner ef their taking is
many waies, either by violence in chafe, or by pollicie in ditches and traps, or elfe by im-
oyfonedbaites. The befttime of their hunting is in the middeft of winter as fome fay,
but I thinkethe Winter is theworft time, becaufe then they are ftrongeft, andfecing all
Swine are impacient ofheate, the Summer will quickly end their life;if then they bee cha-
fed. ‘Irbehooueth therefore the hunter of Boares to be very wary, andtherefore the aun-
cientes otdayned that füch aone fhould wearearough garment ofabrounc colour, and
1o likewifetharhis Horfefhould be of ayellowand firy colour,and that the Boare {pear {hold
be ftrong and tharp, forthis beaftis armed with a very ftrong headandskin, and befides
they couer themfelues with dryed durt, as it were with a coate of male to blunt the VVea-
pon, andthereforeherunneth willingly either without dread or feare vpon the hunters,
Inwhich encounter if he receitieth nota deadly wound, hee ouerthrovvethhisaduerfary,
excepthe fall flat on the ground, forthe Boares teeth caanotcut vpward,but downevvard;
therefore if the Hunter bea foote-man, he mutt feate bimfelic aeerefome tree, and then
alfo prouide thatifhe miffe the Boare,he may eafily climbe into the boughes,and fo faue
himfelfe; but ifthe Swyne thatis taifed be a female, fhe will alltoteare and bite the Hun-
ter with her tecth iffhe get him within hir clutches :wherfore for the more fpeedy ending
4o ofthehunting,itis good to raifethe beaft earely in the morning beforehe hath made wa-
ter, for the burning of his bladder doth quickly make him weary.
But ifthe boare baue either made water before, or got liberty and reftinthe chafe to
eafe himfelfe, then will his taking be very difficulteand tedious, fuch isthe nature of this
souragious beaft, that heneuer ceafeth running till he bee weary, and being wearied de-
fembleth the fame by fitting vponhis buttocks, and offererh combat to his Hunter, and
ethe is not wont to {trike a man vatillhe be wounded firftby him. VVhen the Boare is
fit raifed out of the Wood he fnuffeth in the winde, lifting vp his Nofe tofmellwhatis
with hin and what is againft him. | 4
The hunting fpeare muft bevery (harp and broad, branching forth into certain forkes
o Or hornes, fo as by no meanes the Boare fball breake through them vppon the Hunter,
39 and when he bendeth the fame before the beaft, hee muft ftand with oneleg before ano-
therlikea wreftler, holding his left hand vpon the middle ofthe fpeareto dire&the fame,
and the right hand behind, tothruft it forward wish violence, hauing his eye intent vpon
the beaft,and if it bea boare to wound him in the middleofhis forehead betwixt his eye-
lids, or elfe vppon the fhoulder, for in both thofe places the wound is deadly ; butifhee
chance to hit him on the cheeke, the greateft harme that hee doth him, is that he maketh
him vnfit to vfe his tuskes: ofthis he muft be very carefulthat ifthe boare leap vpon him,
helikewife muft giue backe and draw out his {word 5 and if he chaunce to bee ouerturned,
then tolye downeiníome hollow place where the boare cannot come at him vvith his
teeth.
49 Wowconcerning the inftruction ef dogs,and the choyce of fuchhounds as are appoin-
ted for the hunting of boares, yeu muft note, that euery Dog is not fit for the fame, but
reat maftiues, fuchas are vfed forthe baiting of beares. For the boare firft of allterrify-
eth the Dog with his voice, and if he bee not ready to fight but to run away, then are the
Hunters in worfe cafe then at the beginning. Thereforethey mutt be fure co haue them
wellinftru&edbefore they giue the onfet, and bec likewife at hand to encourage them.
When they come fyrft ofall tothe place wherin they conie&ure the boare is lod ged, if
there be no appearancecither by kis footfteps, or by the woundesofhis teeth vpon the
trees and boughes, then let them let loofe one of the beft houndes, and cafting about the
wood follow with the refidue weather the cry goeth.
$° TheDogge preffeth into the thickeft bufhes where commonly the boare lodgeth,
and when he hath found the beafthe flandeth ftill and bayeth,then muftthe Hunter come
and take vp that Dogge, forthe Boare will not ftit very eafie out ot hislodgin g,and goe
and fet vp his nets and toylesin all the by places, whereby itis likely the beaft will paffe,
and thefe muft he hang to fome trees, for poftes in the earth will not fuffice,alwaies make
um Rrr 2 ing
LA
-—E
eat :
—
SS SSS
: Lenker
SS
=e SS
A cc p DRE
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
king the infide of them very light , that the beaft may fufpe&no harme. The nets being
thus fet vp, let him returne againe to his dogs,loofing them all; and euery hunter arming
himfelfe with dartes anda boares fpeare , fo letthe moft {kilfull followethe dogs clofe to
exhort them & fetthem on, the refidewfollowe oneafter another a good diftance, {cat-
tering themfclues into fundry angles, for their better fafegard and end oftheir fport: for
ifthey fhould come all together, the Boare mightlight vpponthem and wound fome
of them, for vppon whofoeucr he falleth inhis rage hee hurteth them: furthermore when
the dogs beginne to comencereto his lodging, then muft they bee fet on more eagerly,
and fo hartened that they beno wates appalled at the rafing of the Boare. for bis manner
isto make forceat the formoft dogge that is neareft to him , fomuft hee bee followed in
chafe euen vntothe nets, but ifthenets ftand vppona fide hill , or a ftcepe Rocke, then
when heis infnaredhe will get out withno difficultysbut it it ftand vppon plaine ground,
the roiles will hold him till che hunters come,who muft prefently take care,to wound him
with darts and fpeares before they meddle with bim , compaffing him round about very
warily, fo that he nor they hurtany of the dogges,and efpecially they muftwound himin
the face or (houlders , where the wounds are mortallas I haue fayd before: but if ithap-
pen that the beatt getteth loofe when hee feeleth the blewes; the hunters muft not ftart a-
way, but the ftrongeft ofthem to meete him vvith his fpearc fetttng his body as vve haue
formerly expreffed, having an efpeciall eye tothe beafts head, which way foeuer he wind-
eth and turneth the fame, for {uch is thenature of the Bore, fometimes he fnatcheth the
{peare out ofthe Hunters hands, or elferecoyleth the force backeagaine vponthe fmi-
ter, for by both thefe meanesthe hunter is ouercome and ouerthrowne: whenfocuer this
happneth, then is there but one meanes to faue the hunters life, which is this; another of
his companions muft comeand charge the Boare, making asthough hee would wound
him with his dart, but not cafting it for feare of hurting the hunter vnder his feete.
When the Boare feeth this, he forfaketh the firft manand rufheth vponthe fecond,
who muftlooke to defend himfelfe with all dexterity, compofing his body, and. ordering
his weaponsaccording to artificiall Bore-hunting,& in the meane feafon the vanquifhed
hunter muffarife againe, taking frefh hold en his{peare, and with all courage fetting vp-
onthe aduerfarie beaft ,to wound him either inthe fhoulders or in the head, for itis no
creditto efcape with life, except he killand ouercome the Boare.
When heefeeleth himfelfethus wounded that hee cannot liue, ifitvverenot forthe
croffesand forkesvppon the Boare-fpeare , hee vvould preffein vppon the vanquifher to
take reuenge for his death; For fo great is the fervent wrath ofthisbeaft, that hefpareth
notto kill and wound,although he feel vpon him the pangs of death : and what place foe-
uer he biteth either vpon dog or man, the heate of his teeth infliteth a dangerous infla-
ming wound :andfor this caufe if he doth but touch the haire of dogs; he burneth it off,
butif itbea fernale that is raifed, (for there is asgreata rage in females as in males though
notfo great power) then muftthe hunter take heede he neuer fall to the ground, for as
the male hurteth not but when a man ftandeth or lyeth high, fothe female hurteth net
but when a manfalleth orlyeth low :therefore if the hunter chance to fall, he muft rayfe
himfelfe withall fpeede, vfing no leffe dexterity and courage againft the female, then hee
doth againftthe malc.
"There is alfo another manner of hunting wilde Swyne, which is this: firft of allthey fet
vp theirnets in all paffages, through which it is likely the beaft willgoe, then dothe meg
and dogs witha gallant cry, filling the woods and fieldes, raife them out of their lodgings.
In the meanefeafon, fetting fome valiant hunters to keepe the nets. When the beaft per-
ceiueth that he ís fought after, vp he ftarteth, looking about him like an euill fpirit where
he may deuoure, butbeing terrified withthe cry ofmen, and purfüed by a multitude of
greedy Dogs, forth he runnethin fome of his vfuall waies, carefully looking behind him
to auoide the traine that followeth, vntill he fall faft enclofed into the Hunters nets, then
commeth thekeeper of the nets, and woundeth him with his Boare-Speare, as I fayde be-
fore : but ifit fortune that hee fall out of the Nettes, or neuer commeth to them, then
mutt they profecute him, both Men and Dogges, vntill they haue wearied him, for
füch isthe heate of his body, that he cannot long ftand, andalthough he fhalllodgehim-
felfe in fome marith or woodes where the hunters can haue no vfe of their nets, yet muft
16
29
39
49
$9
| --. of the Swine. 7A
| they notbeafraid to approch vnto him, and with fuch huntig inftrumentsasthey haue,
| (hewthe magnitude and courage of their mind, by attaining their gameby the ftrength
of hand, whenthey are deprived from the help of Art: And tocouclude, the fame deuifes,
| diligence, labour; profecution, and obferuations, are tobee vied in the huntingofthe
' Boare, whichare prefcribed for the hunting of the Hart .. It fildome falleth outtbat the
pigs of wilde {wineare taken, for they run and. hide themfelues among the leaues, and in
the woods, fildome parting from their parents vntil their deach, andaswe haue faid al-
| ready,the dams fight foc their young ones moft irefully. Foritis notwith thefe as with
| the vulgar Swine, that they beate away their young ones for following them, butbecaufe
| they conceiue but fildome, they fuffer their piggcs toaccompany them a whole yeare:
| ^ re Andthus much for the violent and forceable hunting of Boares . Now followeth the arti-
| ficiall deuifesand pollicyes which hauc bin inuented for the fame purpofe, whereby to 5...
| take then without puriute of Dogs, and firft ofall the fame engins which we haue pre- "aie dl
{cribed for taking of the Hart, are alfo in vfe.for taking of the Boare, and Petrus Cre[centi~ take Boarcs,
enfis {neweth how a multitude of Boares may be taken together in one ditch;and firftofall
(he faith neere to the place where Boares maketheir abode, they fow infome plain fields
. akind of fatting corne which hogs loue,and about thar field. they makea high and ftrong
hedgof the boughsof trees in the one part,whereof they leaue a great gap, yet not altogi-
ther downto the ground Acthetime ofthe yeare when the graine waxeth ripe the Boars
| gather thereinto in great number : now right ouer againfithefaid gap en the other fide,
| there is another little lowplaceofthe bedgeleft, ouer which the (wine may eafily leape.
| When the watch-man-hunter feeth the field full, he commethalone and vnarmed tothe
firt gap;and therein he ftandeth lewring and makinga terrible noifeto affright the {wines
now of the other fide wherethe hedg is leftlow,there is alfo made a vaftand deepe ditch,
the hogsbeing terrified with the prefence and noifé of the hunter,and feeing him ftand in
the place of their entrance, runtoo and fro to feeke another efcape,and finding none, but
| that low place ofthe hedge before the ditch, ouerthey preffe headlong as faftasthey can,
and fo fal into the trench one vpon another,Again, neere Rome there be divers that watch
in the woods, and in the nighttime when the Moone (hinetb, fet vp certaine Iron inftru-
ments through which there gliftereth fire, vnto which the Boares and wilde fwine will ap-
30 proch, or atthe leaftwife Gand fill and gaze vpon them,and in the meane feafen the hun-
ters which ftand in fecret comeandkilthem with their darts:and to conclude,in Armenitg
there arecertaine black venemous fifhes, which the inhabitants take and mixe with meale
and caftthem abroad where bores and wild Swine did hant,by eating wherofasalfo Hem-
lock and Henbane, they are quickly poifoned and dye : And thus much we haue (hewed
out of Xenophon and other Authors,the feueralwaies of huating and taking of wild Swyne, ee in. ;
| Now forafmuch as the hunting thereof hath bin often fhewedtobe dangercus both to by CROP
| men and dogs, I wil a little addefome hiftories concerning the death of them, Which haue hunting.
bin killed by Beares. For ifthat commeth not to paffe which Martial writeth ;
Thu[[co glandis aper populatar cr ilice mnlta,
49 Impiger Aetolafama fecundafere,
Quem meus intrauit [endenti cufpide culter,
pradaisces noftris inwidiofa focis.
I fay if the Boare be not killed by men, the hunter isconftrained many times to fay with
the Lydia in the fame Poet; Fulminio []umantis apri fum denteperempta.
Apulaius reporteth,of one Leopolemus s bat helouedthe wife of Thra/illussnowto the intent
that he might poffeffe hir,he tooke hir husband abroad with him to the hunting ofa boare,
that vnder colour therofhe mightkil him,and fay the bore flew him:Being abroad, the nets
raifed,& the dogs loofed,there appeard vnto thé a bore ofa monftrous fhape, wonderfull
fat,with horrible haite,a skin fet with ftanding briftles rough vpon the back, & his mouth
$9 continually foaming outaboundance of froath,& the found of his gnafhing teeth ringing
like theratling of armorshauing fire-burning eies;a defpiteful looke,a violent forc c,ande-
uery way feruent: he flew the nobleft Dogs which fyrft fet vpon him, not ftaying tilltbey
came to him, buthe fought out for them, breaking their cheeks & legs afunder, euen asa
dog vvill do fome fall bones; then he trod dovvnethe nets in difdaine, paffing by Hee)
à Rrr.3 that
Se
eee
SE
M
i
d
T
"
iu
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
chat offered him the firtt encBunter, and yet remembring his owne-vigor and fttength,
turning backeagaine vpon them, firft ouerdirowing them, and grinding them betwixt his
teeth like Apples, atlength he meetes with Thrafilus;and firft teareth his cloth from his
backesaüd then likewife tore his body in peeces, and this man I remember in the firft
lacetobokilledby this moafter-Boare, wheather he wasabeafter à man. Martia in his-
booke of fpe&acles remernbreth a ftory of Diana, wlio killing ofa wilde Sow withpig,thé
young oneslegped out of her belly,andthis1 thought good to rememberhere;although
it be fomewhat ontof place; o
Inter cefaria difirimina f eua Diane,
pixiffet grauidam cum leuts hacta [uem y
Exiliet partus mifere de-vulnere matris,
O lucins ferox boc peperiffet fuit ?
Anfeus the father of Agapener was killedby the Calidonian Boare, as wehaue faid already.
Carmon was {lain by a boare in the Mountaine Tmolus. "There was one Attas a Syrian and
another an Aveadsan,and both thefe were flaine by Boares, as Platarch writeth inthe life
of Sertorius , It is reported of one Attesa Phrygiam, thatas hekept his Sheepe he did con-
tinually fing fonges in commendation of the mother ofthe Gods, for which caufe the lo-
ved him; honored him, and often appeared vnto him; wherin Jupiter fell to be offended,
andtherefore fenta Boare tokill_4ttes. Rea after his death lamented him, and caufed him
to be buitied honorably. The Phrygiam inhis remembrance did euery yeare in the {pring
time lament and bewaile him. ets
Adonis alfo, the Lemon of ensis fayned of the Poets to bekilledby a Boare: and yet
| Macrebins faith, that itisan alegory of thefunne & the Winter, for "Adonis fignifieth the
Sunne;arid the Boare, the Winter : foras the Boare isa roughe and fharpe beafte, ly-
bing in moyftcold, & places couered with froft,& doth properly liue vpon winter fruits,
as Acornes, fo he is the fitter emblem for Winter,that is a deuourer of the Sunnes heat,
- atid warmth, both which fall away by death fromall lming-creatures’. When Twshras
a King of My/fa wentto huntinthe Mountaine Thrafillws, he ftarted a huge great Boare;.
which heand his gaurd followed and'hunted vnto the Temple of Déama Orthofia,wherin-
to the Boare entered for fan&uasy.
The pooreBeaftfeeing the Hunters athand, cryed eut with the voyce of a man : Par-
ee ü vex pecudi dea... O King {pare Dianayes Boare: butthe King being nothing at all mo-
ued therewith, flew him in the Temple; which wickedneffe the Gods could not endure,
andtherefore firftof all the reftoredthe Boare to life, andafterwardes affli&ed the King
ve madneffe, who was therefore driven into the Mountaines, and there linedlike a
eaft.
When Zysippe his mother knew heereof, fhe went to bim into the Woodes, and carri-
ed Cyranivs che prophet, who inftru&ed bim to pacifie the Gods by a facrifice of Oxen,
which when it was performed the King recouered againe his right minde; and fo his mo-
ther inremembrance thereof, built therea Chappell to Diana, and fet thereupon the
pi&ure ofa Beare in Gold, with a mans mouth. There was alfo a cuftome in ancient time
for champions and their fathers brethren andkindred, to {weare by a Boare cutin peeces.
And thus much for the naturall and morrall ftory of the Boare, which will conclude with
19
29
49
thofe verfes of Horace, defcribing the prodigious habitation of Boaresinthewaters,and .
Dolphins in the woods, as if one had changed withanother ;
pelphinum [luis appingit, fluctibus aprum,
- Oui variare cupit rem prodigialiter vnam.
The medicines of the wilde fine.
There are declareda M.things coneerning the remedies of Goats, but a larger and more
ample power fhalbe (hewn of awild beaft of the famekind. Alfothe fame regard thalbe had
concerning theremedies of a tame Sow anda wild Boare, yea ofall other tame and wilde
. : beaftes
59
10
20
30
(hs. the Swine.
beafts,that isthat the fame or things liketo either ofthem may beended, differing oncly
according tomore or leffe, becaufe thefame parts of wilde beafts huing areleffe moift &
colde then thofe that are tame. That which we repeat heere concerning the common re-
mediesofabore and fowtamed,in fome ofthe parts of them co wit the blood,the braiae,
thecheekebone, the lungs or lights,theliuer,the gall the anckle bone,the hoofe,the dung
and vine, is not inthe fow repeated before.
The braines ofa bore taken with blood, is very much commended againft the bitings
offerpents. Againe, the braines and blood of aboare, doethhelpe thofe that feare the
eomming of carbuncles. ‘The lard and fat ofa bore being fodden and bound fafttogc-
ther, doth with a wonderfull celerity make firme thofe bones that are broken. The fac of
abore mingled with hony and Rozin, is very much commended againftthe bitinges of
Serpents: —
The fat of awild Bore mingled withthe fat of the lungs or lights, doth very much pro-
fitthofewhichhaue their feetbroken or brufed byany mifchance. The fat ofa Bore be-
ing mixed with oile of Rofes,is very good for thofe that are croubled wich blifters or pu-
fhes, it being anointed thereupon. The braines of a Bore is very profitable for carbun-
cles;andthe paines ofa mansyard, ‘The braines of aBoare being brufed very {mallin
hony, and put thereto, doth wonderfully make it found. T he braines ofa Bore fodden &
drunken Wine, doth eafe all the paines and greefes. There are morethinges{poken
concerning the remedies of the braineinthe medicines of thefowe. The athes of the
cheeke-bone ofa Boare, doeth cure thofe vicers which doe encreafe bigger by little and
little.
Alfotrhefame thing doth make firme thofebonesthat are broken. The lungs ot lights
ofa Bore mixed with hony, and put vpon the feet after the manner ofa mollyfieng em-
plaifter, they fhall bee freed from allexulcerations. | Diofcorides alo doth commend the
lungs or lightes ofSowes, lambes,and Beares. The liver ofa Bore being new kilied and
fcorched by a fire, and beaten to powder, and fo beingtaken in wine, isan efpeciallreme-
die againft the bitings of Serpents and Dogges. The liver ofa Bore being olde and drun- -
kenin wine with rue, itis very much commended againftthe bitingsof ferpents. The Fi-
bresoftheliuer ofa bore, andthofe efpecially which are neareftto the enteraunce ofthe
galland liver, being taken in Vineger or rather wine,is much profitable againftthe bitings
of Serpents. |
Theliuer ofabore is good to reuiue thofe whofe fpirits are droufie. The liver ofa bore
doth much profit, being ftopped inthe eares, for thofe that are trobled with Apofiumes
orany running fores therein. The liner ofa bore being new killed and drunken in wine, is
very effe&ualagaintt the loofeneffe ofthe belly. There are certaine little ftones in theli-
uer ofa bore;as there isin a common or vulgarfow, otat leaftwife like vnto little ftones,
and they arealfo white, which being foddenand taken in wine are very effe&uall againft
the difcafe of the ftone. Thou (halt read many more thinges concerning the remedies of
the liver ofabore inthe medicines of the fow. The gall of a bore is very much commen-
49 ded for VVennes or fwellings in the necke.
L]
The gall ofabore being mingled with Rofinand Waxe, doth cure thofevicers which
do encreafe biggerandbigger. The gall ofa bore, and Lambes milke, being mmgled to-
- gether, and dropped in the eares, is very profitable forall paines therein. The body ofa
manbeing annointed with the gall ofabore, doth ftirrehim vp to carnal copulation. The
gallofabore being mingled with {uet, and applyed vpon euery ioynt ofthe body, doeth
immediately cure allpaines of the gout. We haue declaredalío many things in the medi-
cines ofthe Sow, concerning thereme dies of the gall ofabore. The (tones of a beare be-
ing eaten, is very goodagainft thefauling fickiteffe, or the ftones ofa bore being taken in
Mares milke or water, is alfo very effectual againft the fame difeafe. The hoofes of abore
5° being burned to afhes, and fprinkled vppon drinke, and fo taken, doeth very much helpe
thofe that cannot cafily make water. . Ev arit
The hoouesofa bore being burned,and beaten to powder, and giuen in drinke,is very
effe&uallagainftthe topping of vrine. The hooues ofa bore or fow being burned and gi-
nen to drioke in wine, is very much commended for thofe thar cannot holde cheir vrine
| ia
li
nx
a Ne m n OE
mn
The Hiftor of Foure-footed Beafts.
| in their fleepe. The dung ofa fow (which liveth in the woods) belng dryedand drunke in
Pliny ,
Marcellpis
Soxtihr,
.— Sextus
Marcellus,
water and wine, doth flay the voiding of blood, and doth eafe alfo old paines of the fides:
And againe being taken in Vineger, it doth ftay al ruptures and convulfion,andalfo be-
ing mingled with the firrup of rofes, it doth remedy or helpe thofe places which are out |
of ioynt,
The dung ofa Bore being new made and hot, is a fpeciall remedy againft the flux of
blood which yffueth forth of the Noftrils. The dung ofa Bore being mingled in Wine,
and applyed after the forns,e of an emplaifter, do prefently draw away and make founda.
ny thinge which cleaueth tothe Body. It beingalfo brufed and foddenwith hony, and
afterwards kneaded like Dow, and fo applyedto the ioynts, doth eafeall paines chat arife
therein.
An emplaifter made ofthe dung of a Bore, is very profitable againftall venemous bi-
tings, forit draweth forth the poifon. All other vicers are filled vppeand clenfed with the
dung ofa Bore, except thofe whicharife in the thighes. The dung of a bore dried and bea-
ten to pouder, and {prinkled vpon drinke, doth cureall paines of the fides.Againe, it bee-
ing dryed and beaten to pouder,and adminiftered in wine, doth not onely cure the paine
in the Spleene,but alfo the paiae in thekidnies. The dung ofa bore being burned to the
afhes, arid giuen to drinke in wine, doth eafe all paines in the knees and legges. The dung
ofa borenew made and annointed vpon thofe places that are out of ioynt, is verie profi-
able for them. The dung ofa field-bore, mixed withbrimítone, and taken in Wine, and
{trained Pitch, is very commendable for paines inthe Hips. The dunge of aborebeing
mingled with wine, and afterwardes ftrained, and giuen to drinke, about the meafüre of
two little cuppefuls ata time, doth fpeedily helpe thofe whichare trovbled with the Scy.
Atita.
Italfo being foddenin Vineger and Honey, docth mittigate all paines that rife in the
feet or anckles. The dung ofa Bore burned toathes, and fprinckled vpon wine luke-warm,
and fo giuen to drinke, doth helpe all thofe that are troubled with the bloody flixe. The
reftoftheremedies which concerne the dung ofa Bore thou (halt finde inthe medicines
ofthe fow. The vrine of a Bore mingled with hony and Water, and fo taken, isa fpeciall
remedy for thofe thatare troubled with the fauling ficknefle. |
Againe, the vrine of a Bore being taken in fweet Vineger, doth driue out thofethings .
to
20 —
3e
whichare dried inthe bladder. Thevrine ofa Bore being kept ina glaffe,doeth cureall -
difeafes and paines int he eares, but it is efpecially profitable for thofe which cannot hear.
Thevrine of a Bore being kept in a glafle, and made luke-warme, and dropped into the
earesis afpeciall remedy for all Apoftumes thatare therein. Thevrine ofa Bore which
is kept long, is farre more profitable, iffo be , that itbeekeptina veffell of glaffz. Againe
the vrine of a Bore being dryed in fmoake, and moiftened with hony,and fo poured into
theeares, dorh cure the deafeneffe ofthe cares. The vrine ofa Boreand oile of Cypreffe,
each of them being equally mingled and made Luke warme, is alío good for thefame di-
feafe. e
The vrineof a wilde Borealfo is of the fame force and vertue. The bladder of a wilde 49
Bore doth ftay the incontinency of thevrine, if it be eaten, rofted, or boiled. The blather
of a Goate being burned to powder, and given to drinke in water and wine, isvery good
and profitable forthofe which cannot make water eafily. The vrine ofa Bore being drun-
ken, doth helpe thofe thatare troubled with the ftone inthe bladder, but it ismore effe-
&ualifit befirft ofall mingled withthe dung. 'Thebladder ofa Bore, moiftned with the
vrine,and hung vp vntill the waterifh humor commeth foorth, andthen boiledand gi-
uentothofe whichare Truculent withthe strangurt, is verie profitable and good for
them. 5
The bladder of a boare being dried and giuen in drinke,is very profitable for. thofe
which are troubled with painesin the bladder and wringinges of the guts. The vrine ofa 59
tame Bore hung vo in the fmoke inthe bladder of a fow, and mixed with drinke, is verya
rofitable for thofe chatare troubled with the Strangury. The vrine ofa Bore oratleaft
wifeche bladder being giuenin drinke hath cured thofe which haue bin troubled with
the Hidropfey as fome dofay« The vrine ofa Borebeing taken in drinke, is very good
for thofe that aretroubled with he ftone The
Of the 1 atus.
Now forafmuchalfo ashunters are hurt by fome, I thought it good to fet down what
remedies is fit for them. Therefore the woundes made of them are daungerous, becaufe
they are not oncly deepe, but alfo large and great, and it is alfo impofsible tobring them
to agluttination with medicines, for the lips of the wounds which is made by contufion,
-arecut off, and burned. They vfeamutuall gnafhing and ftriking oftheir teeth together,
as it were againfta whetftone, totake reueng vpon thofe which purfue and followe them.
Thereforethey caufea certaine {cab to grow vpon the lips of the wound, wherefore it is
meet to vfe a fuppuratiueand not a gluttinatiue maner of cure in them. Iris meet to vie
in running and moift vicers, not hot things but cold, both in Winter and Summer. For
itisan eafie matter fora Boare to hurt a Horffein the infide of his knee in the time of his
hunting, which doth breed to a wateri(h vicer, and there doth alfo followa fwelling. To
this cold things is to be applyed,and itis to be cured by anointing it witha medicin which
is called Diachaleanthes or the head ofa Dog,being burned without the tongue, and bea-
ten into powder, and fo tobe applyed afterthe manner of a Cataplafme. Andthus much
concerningthe medicines of the Bore.
OF THE TATVS, OR GVINEAN
BEAST:
Th teal »
Heel 7 tt
ita
SSS His isa foure-footed ftrange Beaftwhich Bellowins faith,he
if a— AcE S I! found in Turcha;among the mounte-bankes and Apothi-
Gea’ E9V02 | caries. Itisbroughtforthe moft part out ofthe new-found
world, and out of Guinia,and may therefore be fafely con-
ueyedinto thefe parts, becaufe it is naturally couered with
a arde fhell, deuided and interlined like the fins offithes,
outwardly feeming buckled tothe backelike coat-armor,
within which, the beaftdraweth vp his body, as a Hedghog
doth within his prickled skin 5and therefore I take it to bea
Brafiltan Hedghog. It is not much greater then a little pig;
and by the fnout,cars ,legs,andfcet thereof, it Ícemeth to be of that kind,fauing thatthe
fnoutis’a litle broader,&fhorter then a pigs,and the tail very long like a Lizards Or rats,
andthe fame couered al ouer with a cruft or (hel The gaping ofthe mouth is wider thena
{wines; and oneof thefe being brought into France, did liue vpon the eating of feeds,and
frotes of the Gardens, butit appeareth by that picture,or rather the skinne ftuffed, which
Adrianus Mareallivs the Apothecary of Imes {ent vnto Ge/rer, from whence this pict-
turc heere exprefied was taken, thatthe feetethereofare not clouen into two Rip Jm
' VTL»
706
"The names
of Tigers,
Ofthe riuer-
"T igrys,
The Hiflorie of Foure-footedBeafts.
fwine, but rather into many like Dogges, for vpon the hinder feete there are fiue toes,
and vpoathe fore feete fowre, whereof two arefo fmal that they are fcaríé vifible. The
bredth ofthat fame skin was about feuen fingers, and the length of ittwo fpans, the fhell
or cruft vponthe backe of it did not reach downe yntothe rompe or taile, but broke off
as it were vpon the hips,fome foure fingers from thé taile. The Merchants as I haue herd
and Cittizens of Lendon keepe ofthefe with their Garden wormes. au 3
Of the Atochtochth.
Sen] Here is another beaft that may bee compared to this, (whereof Cardanus *
eRe) | writeth,) and hee calleth the name of it Azorochth, Iis aftrange creature,
1d T Jes] found in Hana neua,neare the riuer Alwaradus, being not greater then
£250] a Cat, hauing the bilor {nowt ofa Mallard, the feetofa Hedge-hog, and
EXENSAUS a verylongnecke. Itiscoueredal ouer with afhelllike the trappinges of
a hoiffe, diuided as ina Lobfter and not continued as in an Oyfler ; and fo couered heere
with, that neither the necke nor head appeare plainely, but onely the cares; andthe Spa-
niards for this caufe callit Armato and Contexto: There befome doeaffirmetharithath -
a voice like fwine,but the feetthereofare not indeed fo clouen,thatthey remaine vnequal,
butareliketo a horfes, I meane the feueral cloucs. Thereàreof thefeas I haue heardeto
beícenein Gardens in London,which arckeptto deftroy the Garden wormes,
CDS PLE eroe
7] He worde Tigris isan Armenian worde, which fignifieth
J| both a fwift Arrow, anda great river, and it fhould feeme
|| chat thename ofthe riuer T7g7* was therefore fo called,
«^| becaufe ofthe fwiftneschereof,and it feemeth to be deri-
AM ved from the Hzebrew word Gir and Griera which fignifie
| adart. Munfler alfo in his Di&ionaty efthree languages 30
doth interpret 777765 fora Tiger,and Alai.In thé. of Job,
ali the werd Lai/k by che Septuagints is tranflated Murmele-_
on , and by S. rerom Tigr#s<-The Iewes call the fame beaft
Pheradei, which the Graecians call Tzerzsandalthepeople
of Europe to whomthiSbeaftis a ftranger, callitafter the
Greeke name,as the Italians Tigre and Tigra, the French Ya Tigre, andthe Germaines
Tigerthier.
Now, concerning the name ofthe riuer Tigris, which becaufe it ioyneth in affinity
with this beaft, it is neceffary that I fhould fay fomething in this place, becaufethatwee — .
finde in holy fcripture that it is one of the foure riuers which runneth through Paradice, 49
whichaccording to Lofephus, maketh many compaffes and windings inthe world, andat
Jat fauleth into the redde fea, and they further fay chat thereis no riueroftheworld that
runneth fofwiftly as this: And therefore Tiers vecatur , id eff Sagitta, quod iagulum vel Sa-
gittam velecitate equet : That is, It is called a Tiger,a Dart, or Arrow, becaufe it runneth
as faftas an Arrow flyeth: and for this caufe wee finde in Theoerstas, that a river in Sicilia
was called A/is, thre is : Spieulum, a dart.
Some ofthe poets doe deriuethe name ofthe riuer Tigris from this Tiger the wilde
beaft, whereupon thefe Hiftoriesare told. They fay, that when Bacchus was diftra@ed &
put outof his wits by 7426,as he wandered tooand froin the world, he cameto the riner
Sylax (which. wasthefirft name of this water) and being there defirous to paffe overy but
foundeno means to accomplith it, Iupiter in commifferation of his eftate did ferid vhto
him a Tiger, who did willingly take lim vpon his backejand carry him ouer ; Afterwarde
Bacchus called that {wift riuer by the name of that fwift beaft, Ti¢er. Others do report the
talethus. When Dioni/tus fellin loue with the Nymph Alphe/iboea whom by no'means
either by promifes ,intreaties, or rewards he could allure vnto him, at laft heturned him-
59
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Y ^ [ LN N N
"UE
c
= N
NN E AW N ~—
Bae
WM
*
ls
(
Vm
f
My
(il
20
ine
UL,
t
fclfe intoa Tiger, and fo oppreffing tbe Nimph through feare, did carry herouer that ri-
uer, andihere begot vpon her his fonne Med, who when he came to age, remembring
the && ofhis father and mother, called the nameofthe riuer 722725, becaufe of his Fa-
3o therstransformation. butto leaue this matter as not woorth the ftsnding vpon, whether
the ritter was called after the name of the beaft, or the beaftafter che name ofthe riuer,or
rather both ofthem after the name ofthe dart or fwift Arrow we wil proceed to the na-
turall tory of the Tiger, commending that to the Readers iudgement which is effentiall
| to this tory,contaynifig in it neceflary Jearning,and garni(hed with all probabilitie.
| Firth of alltherefore Tigerslike Lyons arebred inthe Eaft, South,and hot countries,
| becaufe their generation defireth abou ndance of Beate, fuch as arein India and neare the Moria
| |. red Sea, andthe people called A/ange or Befengi which dwell beyondthe riuer, Ganges, Tigers.
are much troubled and anoyed with Tigers. Likewife the Pra[ians, the Hercaniaas and.
the Armentans, Apalonius with his companions traueling betwixt Hiphafis and Ganges , faw
49 many Tigers. In Barigaza and Dachinabades, which is beyond the Medizerant«m region
of the Eaft, there are aboundance of Tigers and all other wilde beaftes, as 47724745 wti-
| — -tetho In Hifpaniols,Ciamba, and Guanaffa, Peter Martyr faith, by he relation of a Spani-
ard inhabiting there, that there are many Lyons and Tigers. |
The zadians fay,thata Tiger isbiggerthen the greateft horfe, and that for ftrength Quantitie of
| and fwiftneffethey excell all other beaítes. There be fome which baue taken them for Ti- Tigers.
gers, whichare called Thoes, greater then Lions,and leffer then the Indian Tigers, as it
were twice fo bigge as Lyons but I rather agreetotherelation of Arrianus,Strabo, Me- . aT
| '« ga[fines Mearcus,for they fay thata Tyger feareth notan Elephant,& that one of them .
hath beene feene to. ye vpon the head of an Elepbantand deuout it: and that among
_ 5° the prafians when foure men led.one of thefe Tigers tamed,by the way they met with
" »- * . = "
a Male, and that tae Tiger tooke the Muleby she hinder legge, drawing him after him
$2 r * ; . *
in his teerh,notwithitanding all che force of the Mule and his toure leaders; whichis vnto
| me afufficient argument not oncly ofhis ftreagth, but of his ftature alfo: and ifany have
been fcen ofleffer ftature;they haue been miftaken either for the Zzzxes,or for the T/ves.
ka
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708 - Lhe Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
Thefimilitude of the body of this Beaft islike toa Lioneffes, for fois the faceand
The feverall mouthsthelower part of the foreheade, and gnafhing or grinning teeth, andallkinde of
e creatures which are rauening ,are footed likea car, their necke fhort, and their skins full
of pots, notround likea Panthers ,nor yet diuers coloured,but altogether of onecolour
and fquare, and íometimes long, and thereforc this beaft and the Panther are of fingu-
lar noteamong all the foure-footed: yet Solinus and Seneca feeme to bee of opinion that
their fpottesare fometimes of divers colours both yellow andblacke, and thofe long like
rodsin thefe fayings : | j
Tibi dant varia pectora Tigres.
And againe: 10
Vera viergatafaraca[pia. j
And Ciliu faith:
Corpore virgato Tigris.
It were needleffe to {peake of their crooked clawes, their fharpe teeth, and deuided feet,
Oppiamms. — their long taile, agilitye of body, and wildeneffe of nature which getteth all their foode
by hunting. Ithath beene falfely beleeued, thatall Tigers be females, and that thereare
no males among them, and that they engender in copulation withthe wind; whereupon
Camerarius made this witty riddle in his Rhetorical exercifes :
A fluuio dicor , fluuius vel dicitur ex me
Iuntfad, Jum vento, vento velotior ipfo e
Et mihi dat ventus matos, nec quaro maritos,
The Epithites of thisbeaftes are thefe : Armenian Tigers, (harpe, Gameticam,Hercanian,
fierce, cruell, and wicked, vntamed, fpotted, diuers-coloured, ftraked, bitter, rauenous,
African greedy , Cafpiam, Carcefian, Caucafean,Jndean, Partbeany Marfian, ftreight-foo-
ted, madde, ftiffe, fearefull, ftrong, foaming, and violent, with many fuch others, as are
eafie to be foundin euery Author. The voice of this beaft is cald Ranking, according to
this verfe:
The Epithits,
Tigrides indomita rancant y uginntá, leones.
Now becaufe that they are ftrangers in Earopeas we haue faide already, neuer breedin
in that part of the world, andas fildome fcen, we muft be conftrained to make but a fhort
ftory ofit, becaufe there are not many diuers thinges concerning the nature ofit, and in
Their food. the phyfickenoneatall. Forthe manner of their foode, they prey vppon all the greateft
beafts and fildome vponthe fmaller, asOxen, Harts, and Sheepe,but Hares and Conies
they let alone. eh ; |
Itisreportedby Plutarch, ofa tame Tiger that was brought vp withaKid, thefaid kid
was killed-and laide before him to eat, but he refufzd it two daiestogether,and the third
day opreffed with extremity of hunger, by her rankingand crying voice fhe made fignes
to herkeeper for other meate, who caftvnto her acat, which prefently it pulled in peeces
anddeuouredit. The like {tory vnto this we haue fhewed already inthe Panther: Gene-
rally the nature of this beaft, is according to the Epithites of it, (harpe, vntamed, cruell, 4°
and rauenous, neuer fotamed, but fometimes they rerurne totheir former natures, yet
the sudians do euery year giue vnto their king tamed Tigers and Panthers, and fo it com-
meth topaffe, that fometimes the Tiger kiffeth his keeper as Seneca writeth.
In the time of their luftthey are very raging and furious, according to thefe verfes of
Virgil:
A hiftory
per fjloas tum [ auus aper tum pela Tigri
Heu male cum libye,f oles erratur in agvis.
heir copu- ‘They ingender as Lyons do, and therefore I maruell how the fable firft came vppe;
generation, that they wereall females and had no males amongethem, and that the females concei-
ued with young by the Weft wind, we haue (hewed already in the ftory ofthe Dogs, that _
the Indian Dogge is engendered of a Tigerand a Dogge, and fo alfo the Frereamian dogs:
Whereby it isapparant, that they do not onely conceive among themfelues, but alfo in
amingled race. The male is fildome taken, becaufeat the fight of a man hee runneth a-
way, & leaueth the female alone with her yong ones, for he hath no care of the uae
| an
TA Pre EET a ore Mey 8 e Mio. M
Of the I yeer. 709
andforthis occafion I chinkecthat the fables firft camevp thatthere wereno males among
the Tigers. "The female bringeth forth many at oncclikea Bitch which (he nourifheth
in her den very carefully louing them, and defending them like a Lionefle from the Hun-
ters,whereby fheis many times enfnared and taken, Itis reported by Aelianus, that when
they heare the foundof Belsand Timbrils, they grow into {uch a rage and madneffe, that
they tearetheir owne fle(h from their backes.
For the taking of Tigers, the Indians neare the Riuer Ganges haue a. certaine and billing of
Hearb growing like Bugloffe, which they take and preffe the iuyce out of it, this they pre- Tygers. |
ferue befide them, and in fill filent calmenights,they poure the fame downat che mouth P/tarch a BM o5
1o ofthe Tigers den, by vertuewhereof it is {aid the Tigers are continually enclofed, not da- Califines " WEE
ring to come out ouer it through fome fecret oppotition in nature, but famifh and dye, i
howling in their canes through intollerable hunger, fo great is the fwiftneffe of this beaft,
as we haue fbewed already, thatfome haue dreamed it was conceiued by the wind. For
as the fisifceft horfes and namely the horfles of Dardanus, are likewife fabled to be begot- 4M |
tenby the Northern wind, fothe Tigers by the Weft wind. ! =
Therfore they are nezer taken but in defence of their yoügoncs neither isthere any beaft pj; 9, uu, NI |
that liueth vpon preying fofwift asthey: selam Tigrim Indis in fuperabilem ejfe dicunt ,quo-
| piam fugiendi celeritate, qua ventos equare dicitur, e con[peci u anfugit. Onely the Tiger, the
Indians fay can neuer bee conquered, becaufe when he is hunted herunneth away out of
|
|
20 fightasfaftasthewind, For this caufe they diligently fecke out the caues and dens of the
Tigers where there young ones are lodged, and then vpon fome {wift Horfles they take
them and carry them away: when the female Tiger returneth and findeth her den empty,
in rage fhe followeth after them by the foot, whom fhe quickly ouertaketh, by reafon of
hercelerity.
The Hunter fceing herathand, cafleth downeone of het Whelpes: the diftreffed an- |» — M s
without fetting vpon the Hunter, contented with that one, returneth with itto her lodg-
ings hauing layd it vp fafe, backe againe fhe returned like the windto purfue the Hunter
for the refidue, who muft likewife fet her downe another if hee haue not got into his hip,
3o for exceptthe Hunter bencarethe Water fide,and haueafhip ready, fhe will fetchthem
all from him, one by one, or elfe it wil coft him his life: therfore that enterprife is vuderta-
ken in vaine vpon the fwifteft Horfes in the World, except the Waters come betwixt the
hunter and the Tiger: And the maner of this beaftis, when fhefeeth that her young ones
are fhipped away, and thee for eucr deprived of fecing or hauing them againe, fhe ma- ^» =
| keth fo greatlamentátion vpon the Sea fhoare howling, braying, and rancking that ma- i
| ny times (he dyeth inthe fame place, but if (hee recouer all her young ones againe from (
| the hunters, (hee departeth with vnfpeakeable ioy, without taking any reuenge for their
| . offered iniury.
Forthis occafion, the hunters do deuife certaine round fpheares of glaffe wherein they —
o pi&turetheir young ones very apparant to befeene by the damme, one of thefe they caft |
| downe before her at her approch, fhe looking vppon it,is deluded, and thinketh that her |
young onesare enclofed therein,and the rather, becaufethrough the roundneffe there- | ie
.
ery beait knowing that (hee can carry but oneat once, firfttaketh vp that in her mouth, M | ]g e Ee E
|
|
|
|
of it is aptto rowleand ftir at cuery touch, this (he driueth along backewards to her den, _ n EE
| and there breaketh it with her feete and nailes , and fo feeing that fheis decciued;retur-
| neth backagaine after the hunters for herttrue VVhelps; whileft they in the meane feafon
are fafely harbored in fome houfe, or elfe gone on fhipboard. Iris reported by Johannes
| Ledefma a Spaniard this excellent ftory ofa male & female Tiger. In the Iland Dariene, tm
| flanding in the oxidental Ocean ofthe new found world,fome 8. daies faile fro Hi/paniela, | ia
| it fell out (faith he) inthe yeare of our Lord 15 14.that the faid Ifland was annoyed with Wil d:
| two Tigers,a maleanda female, forhalfe a year together, fo that there was no night frees j 7 -
but they loft fome of their cattell, either a Horfle, or an Oxe, or a Cowe, ora Mare, ora DN
Hog, andfwine, and in thetime that there young ones did fuck, it was not fate for mento DA b
goabroadinthe day time, muchleffe in the night, but they deuoureda Man, if they did
not firftof al meete with another Beaft: Ac length tbe countrey thus oppreffed, neceffity
cooftrained them to deuifea remedy ,& to try fome | a to mitigate their calamities,
"n | | S f1 where-
—
=
^ —23
—
=
i
T he Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
wherefore they fought outall the waies and pathes of théTigers toand from their dens;
that fo they mighttake vengeance vpon theraueners for the lofle of fo much bloud:Atthe
laft they founda common beaten way,this they cut afunder and digged deep into alarge
dungeon-having made the dungeon, they firewed vpon the top of irlitle flicks and leaues
fo couering it to diffemble that which was vnderneath, then came the beedlefle Tiger that
way, and fell downe into the ditch vpon füch fharp irons ftakes and pointed inftruments
as they hadthere fet; with his roaring he filledall the places thereabout, and the Moun.
taine founded with the eccho of his howling voice.
The people came vponhim,and cafting great & huge {tones vpon his backkilled him,but
firft of all, he broke into athoufand pieces, both the ftones, Weapons, and Speares , that
were caft again him and fo great was his fury, that when he was halfe dead, and thebloud
run out of his body, he terrified the ftanders by beholding andlooking vpon him. The
male Tiger being thus killed, they followed the footfteps into the Mountaines where the
female was lodged, and there in herabfence tooke away two of her young ones, vetafter-
watds changing their minds, carried them backe againe, putting vpon them two brazen
chollers and chaines, and making them faft in the fame den that fo when they had fucked
till they were greater,they might beewith pleafure and fafety conuaied into Spain. At
laftwhen the time appointed was come thatthey fhould be taken forth to be fent away , the
people wenttothe den, wherein they found neither young nor olde, but theirchollers
faftened in the fame place that they had leftthem, whereby it was. conceived that the en-
uious mother hadkilled and torneher young ones in pieces, rather then they fhould
fall into the handes of the hunters; fothatthis beaftly loue of hers, ended in horrible cru-
elty, and fer this oceafion is it that A¢edea thus fpeaketh in 04/4 ;
Hoe ego fi patiar tum me de Tigridenatam,
Tum ferrum e fcopulos geftareincorde videber.
And for this caufe it was fained, not without fingular wit by the Poets,that fuch perfons
as (atiffie the fulneffe of their wrath in extremity of reuenge, are transformed into Ty-
gers. The fame Poet compareth the wrath of Per few ftanding betwixt two aduantages vn-
toa Tiger, betwixt two preies or heards of cattell, being in doubt whether of chem to de-
uoure, in chis manner;
Tigris vt auditis diuerfa valle duorum,
Extimulata fama mugitibus armentorum,
Nefcit vtro potius ruat , cy ruere ardet vtrog.,
Sit dubius Per[eus dextra leuaue feratur.
Inancient time thefe Tigers were dedicated to Bacchus, asall {potted beaftes were, and
thar thefaid Tygers did draw his Charsiot whileft he did holdthe raines; therefore Omid
faith thus ;
Bacchusin eurru quem [ummum texerat vuis,
Tigribus adiunctis aurea lera dabat.
And Horace inthis manner;
Hac te merentem Bacchi pater tua,
Vexere Tigresin deciliiugum collo trabentes.
Tigers, notwith{tanding their great minds and vntamable wildneffehauebeentaken,and
brought in publikefpe&tacle by men,and the firft of all that euer brought themto Rome
was Auzuflus,when Quintus Tubero, and Fabius Maximus were Confuls, atthe dedicati-
on ofthe Theater of Marcellus; the which Tigers were fent vnto him out of India, forpre-
fentes(as Dion writeth.) Aftervvards Claudius prefented foureto the people; andlaftl
Heleogabalus caufed his chariots to be dravvne vvith Tigers, whereunto Martiallalleuded
vvhen he faide ;
Picfoqued inga delicata colla,
Pardus [uflinet improbeg, Tierds,
Indulgent patientiam flagello,
Ledefmga
of the Unicorne. ait
Lédefmia of whom we fpake before affirmeth, that he did eate ofthe Tígers flefh thatiwas
taken in the ditch inthe Ifland Dariene, and that the fleth thereof was nothing inferior to
tlie flefhofan Oxe, but the Jndeans are forbidden by the lawes of their Countrcy ,to eat
any part ofthe Tigers flefh, except thiehaunches. ‘And thus I willconclude this ftory of
the Tiger with the Epigram that Martiall made ofa Tiger, deuouring ofa Lyon.
Lambere fecuri dextvim ¢ con[ueta magiftri ^ —
Tigris sb Hyrcano glortarara iugo.
Sena ferum rabidolaceranit dente Leonem
Resmoua non villis cognita témporibus. —
An fef tale nihil flus dum vixit im altis.
le c 0 off quamintermas efl jplusferitatis babet.
»
Eating of Ti-
rs.
us
at
OF THE VNICORNE.
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NENNEN S RERUMS
N E ———
** E arenowcometo the hiftory of abeaft, whereof divers people in
} cuery age ofthe worlde haue madegreat queftion, becaufe of the
V rare Vertues thereof; thereforeit beheoueth vs to vfe fome dilli-
V. gence in comparing togither the feuerall teftimonies that are {po-
A ken of this beaft, for the better fatisfa&ion offuch as are now aliue,
P and clearing ofthe point for them that fhall be borne leereafter;
u* whether there beea Vnicornes forthat isthe maine queftion to be
99 6$ rcfolued.
Now the veztues ofthe horne, of which wewill make a particular difcourfe by itfelfe,
haue bin the occafion of this queftion, and that which doeth giuethe moft euidenttefti-
mony vnto all men that haue euer (ceneit or vfed it, hath bredall the contention; andif
there had notbin difcfofed in it any extraordinary powers and vertues, we fhould as eafi-
ly belecue that there was a Vnicornc in the worlde, as we do beleeuethere is an Elephant Many beafts
althoughnot bred in Europe. To begin therefore with this difcoutfe, by the Vnicorne Wi) hene
wee doe vnderítand a peculiar beaft, which hath naturally ‘but one horne, and that very Called Vnis -
59 rich one, that groweth out ofthe middleof the foreheade, for wee haue fhewed in other comes.
parts ofthe biftory, chatthéreare diuers beafts that haue but one horne,and namely fome ,,;..
Oxen in India haue butone horne, and fome hauc three, and whole hooues. Likewifethe 75...
Buls of Aonia, are faide to haue whole hoouesand one horne,growing out of the middle Opp; ams
of their foreeads. | |
St à Like-
712 The Hiftory of -Foure-faoted Beafts.
Likewife in the Citty,Zeila of Et jepia there ace Kine ofá purple colour, as Ludoxicns .
Romanus writeth, which haue but onehorne growing out ofcheir; heads, and thacturneds
vp towards their backes; Cejar was-of apinion charsac Elke haddebut.onchorne, butwo:-
haue fhewed the contrary.lIc is fid that Pericles hada ram with onetrorp but thatwas bred
by way of prodegy and not naturally. Simeon Serhz writeth, that che Muskcac hath alfo óne
horne growing out ofthe forehead, but we hauc (hewed already thatno man is of that o-
pinton befide himfelfe. Aediawus writeth, that there be Birds in Ezbepia hauing one horn
. ontheir foreheads,and thereforearecald ziceraus:and Albertus faith there is a fith cald
Monoceyos, and hath alfo one horne «Now our di(courfe ofthe Vpicorne is of none of
thefe beafts, for there is not any vertueattributed to tlieirhornesy dnd therefore the vul-
gat fort ofinfidell people which fcarcely beleeuc any hearbe but (tichas they fee in their
owne Gardens, or any beaft but fuchas is in their own flocks, orany knowledge but fuch
asis bred in their owne braines, oravy birds which arenot hatched intheir owne Nets,
haue neuer made queftion of thefe, but of the true, Vnicorne, whereof ther were more
Whether Proofes in the world, becaufe ofthe nobleneffe of his horn,they haué efter bin in doubt:
there be any. by which diftra&ion, it appeareth vate methat there is fome fecret enemy in the inward
pre ae ,j degenérate nature of man, which continually blindeth the cies of God his people, from
beholding ahd. belecuing the greatneffz of God his workes.
But to the purpofetharthere isfuch a:beaft, the Scripture it felfe witneffeth, for Dawid
ro
thus fpeaketh in the 22. Pfalme : Eferigetur cornu meum tanquam Manoceratis.'Thatis my 99
horne (hall beelifted vp like.the horne ofa Vnicorne; whereupon all Diuines that euer
wrote haue not onely colle&ed that there isa Vnicorne, but alfo affirme the fimilitude
to be betwixt the kingdome Of Dasidánd the horne of the Vnicortie, that as the horne of
the Vnicorne is wholefometoall beafts and: creatures; fo fhouldthekingdomeofDanid
bein the generation of Chrift; And do,we think that Dauid wculd compare the vertue of
_ hiskingdom,& the powerful redemption of the world vnto arhing that is not Onis vncer
tain and fantaftical, God forbidthat eter any wife man (houldfo difpight the hóly ghoft.
For this caufe alfo we read iu Suidas, that good men which worfhip. God and follow his
lawes,are compared to Vnicorne$, whofe greater parts as their whole bodies atévnpro-
fiiableand vntamable, yet theirhornemaketh them excellent : fo in good men,althengh
their flefhly partes be good for nothing; and fall downe to the earth, yer their grace and
piety exalteth theirfoules to the heauens. »
Wehauc (hewedalteady inthe ftory of the Rhinoceror, thar Reem in Hebrew fi gnift.
eth a Vnicorne, although Mun/fer bé of another opinion yet the Septuagints in the tran-
RIS flationof Deut. 33. do cranflate ita Vnicorn;forthe Rhinocerot hath not onehorne, but
namesin two-Rabbi Solamon, Dauid Kimbi, and Saadius do alwaies take Reem & Karas for aVuicorn,
{cript, proue_ and they deriue Reem from Rom, which fignifieth Altitudinem height, becaufe the Horn
Vaicornes ofthe Vnicorne is lifted vpon high. Hereuntothe Arabians agree which call it Barkeron,
and the Perfians Bark. The Chaldeans Remana. In the 39.0f Jb, the Lord fpeaketh in this
maner to lob: Numanid aequieffet Monoceros vt feruiat tibt, ant vt movetur iuxta prefepia
tua? Numquid ligabss Monocerotem fune [uo pro fulco faciendo, aut complanabit glemas valli-
nm pof! te. Lhatis to fay will the Vnicorne reft and {eruethee,or tarry befidethy cratches?
can{t thou bind the Vnicorn witha haltertothy ploughto make furrows,or will he make
plaine the'clots of the vallies? Likewife in the prophecy of Efay the 34. chap. and in many
ether places of Scripture, whereby God himfelfe muft needs be traduced, iftherebe no
Vnicorne in the world. 3
Befides the Arabians,as 44. Bellum. writeth, callthis beaft Alcherceden, and fay that
it hath one hornein the forehead whichis good againft poyfons. The Gratians callit
' Monokeros, from whence Pliny and allthe ancient Grammartans doe call it Monoceros, yet
the deuines both elder and later do name it bya more learned proper Latin word zicar-
nis, The Italians Alicorno, Vaicorno, Liocorno, Leocorne the French Licorze,the Spaniards
The kinds of 7 mcornio, the Germans Eizhorne,and the Illirians Geduorozecz: And thus muchfor the
Vnicornes name. All our Evopeaw Authors which write of beaftes, do make of the Vnicorne diuers
kindes, efpecially Pliny, Ladonisus Romanus, Pauls Venetus, Nicholaus Venetus, Aeneas
Syluius, Albertus Magnus, out of whofe words we muft gather the beft defcription that we
cai
39
4o
59
Of ihe Vnicorne.
ean ofthe Vnicotne. The Arcean Indians (faith Pliny) do bunta certainewild beafi which
is very curft. vntamable hauing one horne, which in the head refembleth a Hart, in the
feetan Elephant, in therailea Bore,and in therefidue of the body aHorfe :the horne he
faith, is about two cubitslong, and the voicelike thelowing ofofan Oxe,fomewhat more
{hrill,andthey deny that this beaftisevertakenaitue. Aelianus writeth herof inthis man-
ner, thereare (faith he) certaine Mountaines in the middeft of India, vnto the whichthe
paflage is very difficult, where are abundance of wild beafts, & among other Vnicornes,
which the Indians call cartazonons,who in their ripe age are as big asa Horffe, andtheir
mane and haires are yellow, excelling in the celerity oftheir feerand bodies, hauing feet
ro clouen likean Elephants, the taile ofa Boare, and one blacke horne growing out betwixt
their eie-browes, not finooth, but rou gh allouer with wrinckles , and the fame groweth
toa moft fnarp pointthefe thinges(faith Aelianus.) by comparing of whofe wordes with
Pliny, it is apparant they defcribe inthefe words buteneand the famebeaft, and foalfo
doth phyles ; wherby I gather, that it isno other beaft then the wilde Affe, or at the leaft
the wilde Affe commeth neareft to the Vnicorne ofall others, for they agree in thefe
thinges, firft, inthat both of them haue one horn in the middle ofthe forehead, fecond-
ly, in that both of them are bred in India, thirdly, in that they are both about the bigneffe
ofa Horfle, fourthly in their celerity and folitary life, fiftly and laftly in their exceeding
ftrength and vntamable natures; but hereinthey differ both in their feetand colours, for
oo the feet of the wilde Affes are whole and not clouen likethe Vnicornes, and their colour
white in their body ,and purple on their headsand Aelianus faith, that the horne alfo diffe-
reth in colour from the Vnicornes, for the middle ofit is onely blacke, the roote ofit
white, andthe top of it purple; which Bellomus doth interpret, that the füperficies or vp-
, perface efthe Horneisall purple, the inner parte white, and the inward part or middle
blacke; but of this Indian wilde Affe we haue fpokenalready, and therefore I will adde no-
thing in this place but the words of Philoffratus in the life of Apolonius, who writeth in this
» manner. 12-3
Thereare many wilde Affes which are taken in the Fens, neare the riuer Hiphafisyin
whofe forchead there is one horne, wherewith they fight like Buls,and the Indians ofthat
horne make pots, affirming that whofoeuer drinketh in one of thofe pots, {hall neuer take
difeafe that day, and ifthcy bee wounded fhail fceleno paíne, or fafely pafic through the
fre without burning, nor yet be poyfoned in their drinke, and therefore fuch cuppes are
only in the poffeffion of their Kings, neither is it lawfull forany man except the King, to
bunt that beaft,and therefore they fay that Appallomins looked vpon one of thefe beaftes,
and confidered his nature with fingular admiration. T
Now there was one Dumis in his company who asked hirn whether he did beleeue that
the vulgar report ofthe Vinicorns hornes were rue orno, Appollonius made him this aun-
fwer: Ad hibeo f huius regions immortalem regem effe intellexerayqui enim miki aut alteri eui
quam poculum ita falubre poteft dare; nonne veri fimile eft ipfum quatidieillo vri, (ex eator-
nufrequenter vel ad crapulam v /f5, bibere, nemo enim vt puto illum caluminiabitur qui in tali
4" poculo etiam incbrietur. Thatis cofay, I would beleeuethat report if I found in this coun-
try akingthat were immortall atid could neuer dye,for if a man would giue me fuch a cup
orany other man, do not you thinke that I would beleeue he drunke in the fame cup? and
whowould blamea manifhe drunkein fuch a cup tillhe were drunk, for it were lawful to
wfethat horne vnto furfetting whereby we may gather the mind of that wife man concer=
ning the Affes horn,atid the Vnicornssnamely, that they may giue onefome eaícagainft
accidenrall difeafes, alchoughthey cannot prolonga mans life the fpace ofone day: theíe
things faid he. There be beaftes (faith Ari/fotle) as the Oryxand Indian Affe, which ate
armed vvith one horne,and the clouen: footed Orix is no other then the vvholefooted
^: Mffe,forin the middle of their forehead they haue one horn,by which both fides o ftheir
5° headarearmed, Cue medin pariter comune vtrid extremo fit. Becaufe che middle is equally
diftant fromborh the extreames, and thehoofe ofthisbeaft may wel befaid tobe clouen
and whole; becaufe the horne is ofthe fubftance of the hoofe, and the hoofe of the fub-
ftance ofthe Horne, and therefore the horneis whole, and the Hoofe clouen; for the
cleauing either ofthe horne or of the hoofe sam pe through the defe& of ferae,
3 an
73
Countries of
Vnicorns.
a
ee
5 pue)
D e ia en Eie eae DET
=
=
dama
ps Arner
x s
> ie
PP Se ELIT
SSS
W
A
The vie of
a Vnicornes
herne,
Other dif-
eouríes of
the hornc,
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
and therefore God hath giuento Horfles and Affes whole heoues;becaufe there is grea-
teft vfeof their Legges, but vnto Vaicornes a whole and entire Horne, that as the cafe of
menis procured by the helpesof Horfles, fo the health of them is procured by the horne
ofthe Yxicorne:Thefethings (faith Ari/fotle, )And Strabo al{o writeth, that there are Hor-
fes in India, which haue Harts heades, with one horne, of which horne their Princes make
Cups, out of which they drinke their drinke againft poyfop, and therefore by this which
hathbeene fayd it appeareth vnto me,that either the Indian Affe isa Vnicorne, or differeth
from it only in colour; and the obiection of the hooues isaunfwered by Ariftorle, Vato
this difcourfe I willadde the trauailes of Zudowicus Roman, wherein he fawtwo Pzicorzes
at Mecha in Arabia, where Mawhomets Temple and Sepulcher is . There are preferued
(faith he) within the wallesand Cloyfters of that Temple two Faieerzes, which by way of
miracle they bring forthtothe people, and truely not without caufe for the fight is wer-
thy of adiniration.
Now their defcription is on this fort: one of them andthe elder was about the ftature
of a Colt of two yeares anda halfe olde, hauinga horne growing out of his forehead of
two cubits length,and the other was much lefle,for it was buta year old,and like a Colt of
thatage, whofe Horne was fome foure {panslong, or there abouts. The colour of them
was like a Weafeled-coloured-horfe, the head likethe head ofa Hart, the neck not long;
and the mane growing all on one fide.
The Legges flenderandleane, like the Legges ofa Hinde, the hooues of the forefeete
were clouen like a Goates feete, and the hinder Legges are all hairyand thaggy with the
outfides the Beaftes although they were wilde, yet by Art or fuperftition, they feemed to
be tempered with no great wildneffe, and it was faide thatthe King of Ethiopia, did fend
them to the Sw/tan of Mecha, with whom he is conftrained, to obferue perpetual amity.
Io
29
Now thefe Vnicornes are of another kinde then the Vnicornes of Plsy and Aelianus, be-. ©
caufetheir Vnicorn hath a whole Hoofe, and this clouen, but this obie&ion was anfwered
before: andalthough Pliny & Ari/totle doacknowledge no other Vnicorne then the Orix,
whofe Horne is blacke, as hard as Iron, and fharp atthe point; yet it is cleare that there.
' isanother Vnicorne befides that.
Now Paulus Venetus faich,that ia thekingdome of Ba/man, which isfubie& to the great
Cham ,that there are Vnicornes fomewhat leffer then Elephants, hauing hairelike Oxen,
heads, ike Boares, feet like Elephantes, one Horne in the middle of their foreheads, and
a fharp thorny tongue, wherewith they deftroy both man and Beaft, andbefideshead-
deth, that they muddle in the durt like Swine. Now ifitwere not for the Horne in the
middle of the forehead, I would take this Beaft for a Rhinocerot, but becaufe the Horn of
the Rhinocerot groweth out of the Nofe, J deeme this tobe a fecond kinde of Vnicorne,
for thereis no man that (hall read this ftory, butwill thinke that the learned Authour had
reafon to difcerne betwixt the cies and the forehead, and thereforethere can be no excep-
tion taken to my obferuation.
Nicolaus Venetus an Earle faith, that in Ma/inum or Seriea, that is, the Mountaines be-
twixt India and Cathay,(as Aeneas Syluius writeth) there isa certain Beaft haninga Svvines
head, an Oxes taile, the body of an Elephant (vvhom it doth not onely equall in lature,
but alfoit liuethin continuall variance vvith them) and one horne inthe forehead: novv
this if the Reader fhall thinke it different from the former, I doe make the thirdkinde ofa
Vnicorn,and I truftthere is no Wife-man that wil be offended at it: for as we haue (hewed
alreadyin many ftories, that fundry Beaftes haue not onely their diuifions, butfubdeui-
fions, into fubaltesnal kinds; as many Dogges, many Deere, many Horffes,many Mice;
many Pauthers, and fuch like, why fhould there not alfo bee many Vnicorns . And ifthe
Reader be not pleafed with this, Jet him either fhew me better reafon, (which I know hee
fhall neuer be able to do) orelfe befide leaft the vetering of his diflike, bewray enuy and
ignorance.
Novvalthough the parts ofthe Vnicorne be in fome meafure defcribed,and alfo their
Countrys, namely, Zediaand Ethiopia, yet foras muchas alis not {aid as may befaid;I
_willadde therefidue in this place: And firft of al thereare two kingdomes, in India one
called Nem, and the other Lamber or Lambri ;boththefe are ftored with Vnicornes :
And
3e
4n
52
pe j
Of the Vnicorne.
And Aloifins Cadamuftus in his fifty Chapter ofhisbooke'ofnauigation;writeth that there
isa certaine region of the new found world, wherein are found liue Vnicornes ; and to-
ward the Eaft, and South, vnder the Equinodiiall there is aliuing creature (withone
horne which iscrooked, and not great) hauing the head of a Dragon, and a beard vpon
his chin, his necke long,and ftretched out like a Serpents, therefidue of his body like to
a Harts, fauing that his feete,colour, and mouth ate like a Lyons: and thisalfo ( if not a
fable or rather a monfter) may be a fourth kinde of Vntcorne 5 And concerning the
hornes of Vnicornes,now we muft performe our promife,whichis to relate thetraehi-
florieof them, asit is found inthe beft writers. This therefore growing out of the fore-
ro head betwixtthe eyelids is neither light nor hollow,nor yet fmooth like other hornes,
bur hard as fron (rough asany file) reuolued into many plights,tharper than any darte,
Araight and not crooked, and euery where blacke except at the point.
There are two ofthefe at Venice in the Treafurie of S. Markes Church, as Brafavolus
writeth, one at Argentarat, which is wreathed about with diuers fphires. There are alfo
two in the Treafurie of the King of Polonia, all of them as long as amanin bis ftature. In
the yeate 1520. there was found the horne of a /wicorne in the riuer Arralaneare Bruga
in Heluetia,the vpperfaccorout-fide whereof was a darke yellow, it wastwo cubites in
length, but had vpon it noplights or wreathing verfuus. Itwas very odoriferous(efpeci-
ally whenany part of it was fet one fire) fo that it fmelled like muske : as fooneas it was
4o found, it was carried toa Nunnery called Campus regius, but afterwardes by the Gouer-
nor of Heluetia itwas recouered backe againe,becaufe it was found within his teritoric.
, Nowthe vertues of this horneare already recited before, and yet I will for tke better
iuftifiyng ofthat which I haue faid concerning the Vnicornes horne, adde the teftimony
of our learned men which did write thereof to Gener , whofe letters according as I find
them recorded inhis worke, fo I haue here inferted and tranflated word for word. And
&rftof alltheanfwereof Nicholas Gerbelius vnto his Epiftle;concerning the Vnicornes
horneat Argentoratum ,is this which followeth, for, faith he, The horne which thofe No-
ble men haucin the fecrets ofthe great Temple, I haue often feene and handled with my
bands; Iris of thelength ofatall man, it fo be that you fhall thereunto adde the point
3 thereof: forthere was a certaine cuill difpofedperfon amongeft chem, who had learned
(I know not of whom)thatthe point ortop ofthe fame horne would be a prefent remedy
both againft all poyfon, and alfo againftthe plague or peftilence : Wherefore that facri-
legious theefe, plucked off the higher part or top from the refidue, being in length three
or foure fingers.
Eor which wicked offence, both he himfelfe was caft out of thatcompany,aad notany
eueraferwards of that family might bereceaued into this fociety by an ordinance graue-
ly and maturely ratified. This pulling off of the top broughta notable deformitie to that
moft fplendant gift. The whole horne from that part which. fticketh to the forehead of
thisbeaft,euen vnto the top ofthe horne is altogether firme or folide, not gaping with
chops, chinks or creuifes,witha itle greater thicknes thena tile is vfually amongft vs.For
49 | haueoftentimes comprehendedalmoft the whole horne in my right band. From the
roote vnto the point it iscuen as wax candles are rowled together moft elegantly feue-
red andraifed vp in little lines. |
The waight of this horneis of fo great a maffineffe,thata manwouldhardly beleeue
it, andit hath beene eften wondred at,that a beaft of fo little a ftature could beare fo
heauy and weighty a burden. could neuer fmell any fweetneffe at all therein. The colout
thereofislike vnto old yuory, n the midít betwixt white and yellow.But you fhall neuer
hauea better patterne of this,then whereitisfold in litle peeces or fragments by the oile-
men For the colour of our horne is like vnto them.But by whom this was giuen vntothat
fame temple Lam altogether ignorant.
59 .. Another certaine friend of minc, being aman worthy to be beleeued, declared vnto
me;tbat he faw at Pars with the Chancellor, being Lord of Pratus,a peece ofa Vnicorns
horne, to the quantity ofa cubit, wreathed intops or fpires, about the thickeneffe ofan
indifferent ftaffe(the compaffe therof extending to the quantity of fix fingers)being with-
jn and without ofa muddy colour with a folide fubflance, thefragments whereof woulde
boile
\
~
75
J
Poses,
Gerbellius
fecond hí-
ory ola V-
nicorns hern.
LIN
1
I ' |
|
|i
A third Hy-
Another de-
{cription of
the Vricorn,
@fadultera.
ted Vnicorns
: =x RS soe, 27 y nac pus TEE PU oce
ee EET DEEST S ER
aa
Ilem
PUT
CI
=
= d
E
a
Sa
poe
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
boile in the Wine although they wereneuer burned , hauing very little or nofmell at aH
therein.
VVhen Joannes Ferrerius of Piemont had readthefethinges , he wrote vnto me, that in
the Temple of Dennis, nearc vato Pars, that there wasa Vnicornes horne fix foot long,
wherin all thofe things which are written by Gerbelius in our chronicles were verified both
the weight andthe colour: but thatin bigneffeit exceeded the horne atthe Citty of 4r-
gentorate,being alfo holowalmofta foot from that part which fticketh vnto the forehead
of the Beat, this he faw himfelte in the Temple of S. Dezzis, and handled the horne with
lis handesas longas he would. -1 heare that in the former yeare (which was from the
yeare of our Lord 1553. when Pereella was ouerthrown by the French, there was broght
from that treafure vnto the King of France, a very great Vnicorns horne, the price wher-
of was valued at fourícore thoufand Duckets. Paalus Poxius, defcribethan Vnicorne in
this manners That he isabeaft, in fhape much likea young Horfe, ofa dufty colour,with
a maned necke,a hayry beard,andaferehead armed with a horneofthe quantity of two
cubits, beingfeperated with pale tops orfpires, which is reported by the fmoethnesand
yuoric whiteneffe thereof, to hancthe wonderfull power of diffoluing and {peedy expel-
ling ofall venome or poifon whatfocuer.
For his borne being put into the water, driueth away the poifon, that hee may drinke
without harme, if any venomous beaft fhall drinke therein before him. This cannotbe
taken fromthe Beattbeing aliuesforafmuch as he canot pofsible be taken by any deceit :
yetit is vfually {eene thatthe horne is found in thedefarts,as it happeneth in Harts, who
caft off cher olde borne thorough the inconueniences ofold age, which they leaye vnto
the Hunters, Nature renewing an other vnto them.
The horne of this beaftbeing put vpon the Table of Kinges, and fet amen eft their iun-
. ketsand bankets, doeth bewray the venomeif therebe any fuche therein, bya certaine
fweat which commethouerit.. Concerning thefe hornes, there were twe feene, which
were two cubits inlength, of the thicknefle ofa mans Arme, the firft at Pewice,which the
Senate afterwards fent for a gift vnto So/yman the Turki(h Emperor: the other being al-
mott of thefame quantity, and placed in a Syluer piller, witha (horte or cutted point,
which Clement the Pope or Bi hop of Rame, being come vato Mar/fels,broght vnto Fra- — .
cs the King for an excellentgift. Furthermoreconcernine the vertue of fucha gifte, I 39
will not fpeake more of this beaft; thenthat which diuulged fame doeth perfwade the be-
leeuers. 3.’ Su bd33 ad (sods ano
Petrus Bellonius writeth, that he knewe the tooth of fome certaine Beaft intime. paft,
fold forthehorne of a Vnicorne; (what beaft may be fignified by this fpeech I knew not,
neither any of the French men which do liue amongft vs) and foa fmalpeece of the'fame
beingadulteratedfoldfometimes for 300. Duckets. Butifthe horne fhalbe true and not
counterfait, it doth notwitliftanding fceme to. be of that creature whichthe Auncientes
calledby the name of an Vnicorne, efpecjally Aelianus, who only afcribeth tothe fame
this wonderfull force againft poyfon and moft grieuous difeafes, for he:makethnot this
horne whiteas ours doth feeme, but outwardly red, inwaraly white,and in themiddeftor
fecretteft partionly blackes soldi 201 3 -
But it cannot bee denied, that this our Vnicornes horne wastaken from fore living
wilde Beaft.For their arefoundin Europe to the number of twenty of thefe hornes pure,
and fo many broken; two ofthe whichare íhowne in the treafury of Saint Markeschurch
at Venice (I heard chatthe other was of late fent vato the Emperor ofthe Turkes fora gift
by the Yemetiansy both of them about the length of fix cubits: the one part which isloweft
being thiekersand the other thinner, that which is thicker, exceedeth not the thicknefle
of three inchesiuft, whichis alfo attributed vnto the horne of the Indian Affe, buttheo-
ther notesof the fame are wanting. . |
I doealfoknow, that which the King of Eugland poffeffezhto be wreathed in fpires, e-
uenas that isaccounted in the Church of S. Denzss;then which they fuppofe none grea-
ter in the world,and I neuer fawany thing in any creatures more werthy praifethenthis
horn. The fubftanceis madeby nature;not Art, wherin althe marksare found which the
truehorne requireth. And forfomuch as itis fomewhat hollewe (abourthe meafureoka
footwhich gocth out of the head; & the bone growing from the fame is comprehended)
of the Unicorne.
Iconie&ure that it neuer fallerh, as neither the bornes ofa Muskcat,a wilde Goat;andan
Ibex do: butthe hornes ofthe fe beafts do yearely fall off, namely, the Bucke, the Hart,
Field-goat, and Camelopardall-Iris ofío greata length, thatthe talleft man can fcarfely
touchthe top thereof, for it doth fully equal feuen great feet, It weigheth thirteen pounds
with their.aflize, being only weighed by che gefle of the hande,itfeemeth much heauier..
The figure doth plainely fignifica.wax candle;( being folded and wreathed within icfelfe)
beeing farre more thicker from.one part sand making it felfe by litle and little leffe to-
war ds the point, the thickeft part thereof cannot be fhut within ones hand, itis the coms,
pafle offiue Gngers, by che circumference, ifit bee meafured withathred, itis three fin-
gers and a fpan. "Ld [xvf REA Sct opie: A
1o ^ That pattswhichisnext vnto the heade hath no (harpeneffe the other arc of a polithed
fmoothnes: The fplents of the {pire are (moothand not deep, being for themoft part like
vnto the wreathing turnings of Snailes, or the reuolutions or wiodings of Wood-bine 3s
bout any wood, Butthey procced fromthe right hande toward theleft,trom the begins
ning of the horne,euen vntothe very ende. The colour isnot altogether white, being a.
long time fomewhar obfcured.. But by the weight it isan eafiethingeto conie&ure, that
this beaft which can beare fo great burden in his head, inthe quantity of his body canbee
littledefie thena great Oxe. Us
the Vnicorns, by a doubble Argument. t irft, becaufe they are found feuerall, nener by.
twaines whichas yetis heard, akbough fometimes they may be found withthe fculland
bonesofthereftofthe body: furthermore becaufetheic ftrength or. vertue is approued
againít great and moft grievous difeafes:cohcerning which thing Antonius Schnebergerus
a Phifitian of great learning amongftthe Sarmatians,and an excellent obferuer of nature,
writ vnto me fome fiue yeare paft, to feefome of thefe hornes, having fent them by,the
labour of my very good friend Joachinnus Rheticus,a moft excellent phifitian in Sarematia,
and incomparable in them athematick Artes in this age. iiie
The firtofthefe hornes (faith hee) Ifawe being of thelength of my fadome, witha
duskifhe or darkifh colour : the point thereof being exceeding (harpe andímooth, The
.. compafleaboutthe root of the horne did exceed fixfpans. The outfide was plaine, with
3o no1urnings of fpires - the fubftanceeafieto be cru mmed, the figure crooked, the colour
exceeding white within, which ifit be drunk in wine, doth draw ouer it felfeadark colour.
Eight {uch diuifions were ioyned to the fame, as you (ballfee in the greater part which
fend, but that part is not ofthe horn, but either the entrance ofthe pallat, or fore other
things as I conic&ture.
| This hornewas found vnder the earth, (not deeper then a foote, ina folitary and high
place,as betweene two hils, through which a river runneth,) by Ce untri.men that werg
digging to lay the foundationofa houfe. But the horne was fimittenwith an Axe, and fe-
uered into very fmalpeeces : but that Nobleand excelent man Joannes Frikaf=(in whole
| Geld the horne was founde, being diftaunt from Cracouta two miles) by all diligence he
| 4° could, leaftthat the {mall peeces (hould be caft abroad, tooke deliberate heed, that they
| (houldbetaken out ofthe earth. | From the roote tothe top it was all roundand fmooth,
but touching it with ones toongue, it cleaueth faft vnto it, the tooth was as bigasa man
could gripe in his hand,being in the vpper or outward part bony or hollow within, white
in the middle, and toward the end (omewhat reddifh. \ |
But there was found all the beaft, as by the greatneffe of his bonesmighteafily be per-
ceived, being bigger in quantity chen ahorfe. Ir is moft certaine that it was a Foure-foo*
ted-beaft, by thebones ofthe (houlders, thighes and ribs .. But ifthis Horne were the
tooth ofan Elephant, as fome doe fuppofe, you would maruaile why two (which I haue
heard were never found together. But thereethorrither hornes of Elephants are nele
$9 ther (o crooked that they might come alnioftto halfe a circleasthey did.. The ftrength
ofthis horneapenny weight the reof being putin wine or water of Borrage, healeth old
Feuers, as alfo Tertian or quarterne Agues of three ycares ceutinuance, and cureth ma-
ny difeafes in mens bodies, as affwaging the paine of the belly, and making of thofe to
yomit, who can by no meancs eaíc their ftomackes.Hitherto (hal fuffice ro haue fpoken
: concer-
7
There are found oftentimesin Polonia certaine bornes which fome men geffe tobeof ofthe Vni-
cornes horns
found in Pes
lonia.
Se a
pe
Te vECAPRMiee tlie t Ut
The Hiflory of Ponre-footed Beafts.
concerning one of thofe foure hornes which I faw. Theother was like vnto this ,but leffe
ure; forthecolour was outwardly mof blacke, inwardly moft white; being found inthe
River. Thethird, and fourth moft hard, fo that a man wouldthinke it were by the touch-
ing thereof {tone or iron, being folide éuen vntothe point, for I haue not feenethem
wholly, but the part of one, to thelength ofa cubit 5 ofthe other, to the length of halfea
cubit witha darke colour, being almoftofthe fame thicknefle asthetwo former : But for
ás much as thetwo former haue noriftes or chinkes in them, thefehaüe by theirlongi-
tude, being like hearbs bending or wreathirig intheir flalkes.
There was another fourid ina certaine field, fo much appearing out ofthe earth, that
therude orcouutry fort did thinke it to be fome pile or flake. Many alfoare cured and
freed from fhaking feauers by the medicinal force of thefe, the caufe whereof T fuppofe
to be this, becaufe the former arefofter, for as much as one of them willlye in the Wa-
. ter forfolong atime, bus the other vnder the earth beingfcarce wellhid. Lafterwardes
faw afiftlike vnto the firft, none of them being ftraight or dire& vppe, but alfo crooked
fomealmoftvntoa halfea circle: Hitherto sehmebergerus who alfo ad deth this. That there
are moreofthefe tobe found in Polowia,and therefore forthe moft partto bee contem-
ned. P Jh
. There are morcouer foundin Helvetia fome of thefe hornes: onein the riuer 4rulaa-
gainftthe Towne of Braga, the other inthelaft yeare, in the river of Bir/a, butit was bro-
-— kén, enenas the third with that famous Earle ofthe cymbrians, William Warner inatower
neare vito the Citty Rottanit, who gaue vnto Ge/ner a good peece thereof, who found an-
other peeceas he wasa fifhing at Bir/a inthe riuer. And itis nogreat maruaile that they
are found there, where through length of time they are brokeninto {mall piecés,andcar-
ried by the force of the waters into diners places.
~ But itis moft diligently to be cbferued, whether they are foundin the earth, asalfoto
be knowne whether that great horne be ofthis beaft, which hangs alone inthe great cem-
ple at Argentaur, by the piller,forithathhanged chere many yeares before, asnowit-
appeareth, for that doth plainely feemethe fame magnitude, thicknefle and figure which
Schnebergerus hath defcribed in his own horne that we haue allowed before for wild oxen,
Theancients haue attributed finguler hor&es to the Vnicorne, whom fome haue cald by
other names as itis {aid : and furthermoreto the Orix (a wilde beaft vaknownein our age
except I be deceiued ) which 4riftotle and Pliny calla Vnicorne, Aelianusa Quadrucorne.
Oppianus doth not expreffe it, but befeemech to make it a two horned beaft, Stmeon Sethi
doth alfo writethat the Musk: cat or Goat which bringeth forth Muske, hath one horne.
Certaine later writers (as Sea/zger reporteth) fay, that there is a certaine Oxein Ethiopia
which hath one Horne comming out in the middeft of his forehead, greater then the
-Jength ofa foot; bending vpwardes, the point being wreathed ouerthwart, and they haue
red haire, whereby we gatherthat the horne ofall Vnicomesisnotpure.’ Butthereafon
why thefe hornes are more found in Polozza then inany other place, I cannot well gheffe,
whether from thence we {hall fufpe& them to be of certaine ies, which at this day abide
IO
20
30
in the woods of Sarmatia sin times paft, there were many more, which haue liued both in 4°
greater and larger woods, neither were they killed with fo often Hunting : fome whereof
itis moft like haue cometo great age,as appeareth by their great & ftately hornes, which
things we leaueto be confidered of others. Ifuppofe thatthe Apothecaries neuerhaue
thetrue horne ofa Vnicorne, but thatfomedoe fell a kinde of falfe adulterated Horne, o-
ther the fragments of this great and vnknowne Horne, of which we haue fpoken, and not
onely of the horne, butalfo ofthe bones of the heads fome of which are fo affe&ed by
longanimity of time, that you may take a threefold fubftance in them, although it be bro-
ken by a certain diftance, one being for the moft partwhitith and jpale, the other whiter
and fofter the third ftony and moft white.
Iheare that in the new Ilands there was a Horne bought in thename ofa Vnicornes 5°
horne, being much praifed for expelling of poyfon : which what it is Ihaue not as yet ex-
“amited, but itis to bee inquired, whether it beeaRhynocerots or not, for boththeaun-
cient and lace Writers doe mingle this withthe Vnicome. Idoe verily conie&ure that
the fame firength is pertinent to both the Horaes.
And
of the 'Ünicorne. 519
Aad thus much fhallfuffice concerning the true Vnicornes horne, andthe Vertuesati-
fing there from.In this placenow we will proceed to the refidue of the hiftory, referuing
other vies of this horneto the proper medicines.
"Thefe Beaftsare very fwift, andtheir leges haue no Articles. They keep forthe moft d pi
part in the defarts,andliue folitary inthethetopsofthe Mountaines. There was nothing Vnicornes
more horible th: the voice or braying of it,for the voice ts ftraind aboue meafure.It figh-
teth both with the mouth and wich the heeles, with the mouth biting like a Lyon,and with
the heeles kicking like a Horfe.Itis abeaft ofan vatamable nature,and therefore the Lord
himfelfe in sob faith, that he cannotbee tyed with any halter, nor yet accuftomed to any
cratch or flable. Hee feareth not Iron or any yron Inftrument, (as Ifiderus writeth) and
16 that whichis moft ftrange of allother, it fighteth with his owne kinde, yea euen with the
females vnto death, except when it burneth inluft for procreation; but vnto ftraun ger-
Beafts, with whome he hath no affinity in nature, he is more fotiable and familiar,deligh-
ting in their company when they come willing vnto bim, neuer rifing againftthem, but |,
proud of their dependenceand retinue,keepeth with them all quarters of league & truce, ae AA
but with his female, when once hisflethis tickled with luft, he groweth tame, gregall and
louing,and fo continueth till fhe is filledand great with young, and then returneth to his
former hoftiliry. He is an enemy to the Lyons, whereforeasfooneas euera Lyon feeth
à Vnicorne, he runneth toa tree for fuccor., that fo when the Vnicorne maketh force at
him, hee may not onely auoide his horne, but alfo deftroy him; forthe Vnicorne inthe
the fmiftneffe of his courfe runneth againft chetree wherein his fharpe horne fticketh faft,
then when the Lyon feeth the Vaicorne faftned by the horne without all danget;he fau-
Jeth vpon himand killeth him, Thefethings are reported by theking of Aethiopia in an
Hebrew Eprflle vnto the Bifhop of Rome. |
It is (ayd that Vnicorns aboue all other creatures , doe reuerence Virginesand young «c. iss
Maides, and thatmany times at the fight of chemthey growetame, and come and fleepe eran ties
befide them , forthere isin theirnature a certaine fauor, wherewithall the Vnicernes are
alluredand delighted : for which occafion the Indian and Ethiopian hunters vie this ftra-
tagem to takethe beaft. They take a goodly ftrong and beautifull young man, whom the
dreffeinthe apparrell ofa woman , befetting him with diuers odoriferous flowers and fpi- ens
30 ces. MW k ,
The man fo adorned, they fet inthe Mountainesor Woods where the Vnicorn haun- ie
teth, fo asthe wind may carrie the fauor to the beaft’, and in the meane feafon the other
hunters hide themfelues :the Vnicorne deceaued with the outward fhape ofa womát
and fweetefmells, commeth vnto the young man without feare, and fo fuffereth his head
to bee couered and wrapped within hislargefleeues , neuer ftirring but lying fiillanda
fleepe,as in his moft acceptable repofe. Then when the hunters by the figne of the young
man perceauc him faftand fecare,they come vppon him, and by force cut off his herne
SSS
SSS SSS >
and fend him away aliue : but con cerning this opinion wee haue no elder authoritie then h
q'zetzes, who did notliue aboue fiue hundred yearesagoe , and therefore] leaue therea- Wr
49 dertotothefreedome of his owne iudgment, to beleeüeor refufe this relation; neither ^
was it fit that I (hould omit it, feeing chat all writers fiacethe time of Tzerzes, doe moft i
conftantly belecue it. is TE i
Vn
Itisfaydby Aelianws and Albertus , that exceptthey bee taken beforethey beetwo
yearesold they will neuer heetamed;andthat the Thrafians doe yetrely take fomeof.
their Colts, and bring them to their King ,which he keepeth for combat, & to fightwith
one another : for whenthey are old, they differ nothing at all from the moft barbarous,
bloodie, and rauenous beatts. Their flefh is not good for meate, butis bitter and vnnou-
rifhable:And thus much fhall fuftice for the naturall toric of the Vnicorne, nowfollow-
n eththe medicinall.
-—
uo rede ad
EA e
guo
The medicines arifing from tbe l/uicorne,
Concerning tbe hornes of the Vnicorne, I haue fufficiently already written , as the l |
auntientes haue deliuered in their remedies : but in this place lwill handle the remedies
which
"- Ra
SEIT A Price
==
Es
peer
SET
IN fat Mrd
s
os aes eres eue
AT i
I d
m
zc
ETT,
EN
ri Bj AR nO Des
E E ERE
Dn EE ue iu
d nS n Eee
EN
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed'Beafts.
whichlatewriters haue attributed thereunto, as al(o our owneobferuations of the fame,
Tremember that in times paft, I fawa peece of this horn ofthe weight of nine inches with
a certaiae Merchant in the market, being blacke and plaine, and not wreathedincircles
or turnings, but at chat time I did not fomuch obferueit. Now amongftour Apothe-
caries I do not onely find fmal orlittle fragments, out of which there yflued (as they fay)
fome certaine marrow, which are rounder, whiter ,and fofter.
But both the fame colour, as alfo the fubftance beingputtoo much,and eaten,ifitbe
eafily crummed, andnot ftuftas other hornes, doeth fignifie the fame nettobe good or
perfe&, bui counterfettedand corrupted:asperhaps the horne of fome other beaft brent
in the fire, fome certaine fweet odors being thereunto added, and alfo imbruedin fome -
delicious or aromaticall perfume; peraduenture alfo Bay by this means, firft butned;and
afterward quenched or put out with certaine {weet fmellingliquors. Thereis great care
to be had, that itbe taken new, and while it fmelleth {weete, not either aboli(hed by age,
nor thevertue thereof deminifhed by often or frequent cups. For rich men do viually
caftlittle peeces of this hornein their drinking cups, either for the preventing or curing
of (ome certaine difeafe. There are alfo fome which enclofe itin gold or filuerjand fo caf
it in their drinke,as thoug
ding the continuall foking in wine.
h the force thereof could remaine many yeares , notwithftan-
But that which is fo vfed and drunke in wine doth bring vponita certaine dark or ob-
{cure colour,the whiteneffe whichbefore remained vppon
the fame being quite loft,ex- "E
pelled, and viterly abolifhed. Moft men for the remedies arifing fromthe fame ,com-
maund to vfe the horne fimply by itfelfe : Others prefer the marrowe therein.
caít in wine doth boyle, which fome men either through ignorance or deceipt;imputeto
Itbeing
bea figne ofthe true horne, when as contrarily any other hornes being brent, doin wa-
ter or wine caufebubles to arife. Thereare fome wicked perfons which do make a mingle
mangle thereof, as I {awe amongft the Yenetsans (being as I heare fay, compounded with
limeand fope) or peraduenture with earth or fome ftone: (which thin
bubles arife) and afterwards fell it for the Vnicorneshorne.
gs are wont to make
Whereforeit fhall be more faféto buy it out of the whole horne ifit may be done, or
of greater crums,and which may well defcribe the figure ofa horne, then final fragments
where younay receiueleffe deceit. ‘A certaine Apothecary which was at Noramberg,in 3°
a ftately mart towne amongftthe Germans, declared the way vnto me how todefacethe
colour of an adulterated Vuicornes horne, being made by fome with luory,cither mace-
and cther things) by
rated or boyled with certaine medicines (by Set-foileas J fuppofe,
which meanes hauing fcraped ic, I found withinthetrue fubftance to be yuoty. Antonius
Brafanolws writech, that all men for the moft part doe fella certaine {tone for Vnicornes
horne, which truely I deny not to be done, who haue no certainty therein my felfe :not-
with{tanding alfo it may cometo paffe, that a very hard and folid horne,about the point
of a {word efpecially (which part 1s preferredto inferior, as alfoin Harts horns) to which
either ftonesor yron may yeild,fuchas authorsattribut to the Rhinocerot.And other ni- 40
eornes may bear the (hape ofa {tone before it felte.For if Orpheus concerning Hartshorns
rightly doubted, whether the fame or ftones were of greateft frength: Ithinkit moreto
be doubted in thekind of Vnicornes, forthe hornes of Harts are not one
frotle fuppofed) but alfo the hornes of Vnicornes, as heere I haue faid.
ly folide (as 4yi-
Thehorne ofan Vnicorne is at this day vfed, although age or longinquity of time ”
bath quite abolithedic from the nature of ahorne.Thereare fome which mingle the Rdi-
noceros with the Vnicorne, for that which is named the Rhinoceros horne, is at this day in
phifical vfe, of which notwithftanding the Authours haue declared no effeQual force.
Some fay that the Vaicornes horn doth fweat shauing any poifon comming ouer it,which
is falfe,it doth perhaps fometimes fweat, euenas fome folide, hard, andlight fubftance, 59
(asalfo ftonesand glaffe) fome external vapor being about them,
appertaine to poifon,
but this doeth nothing
Itis in like manner reported, that akind of ftone called the fer pents toong doth fweat
hauing poifon come ouer it.I haue heard and read ina. certaine booke written withones
hands, thatthe auc horne of a Vnicornc is to be proued in this manet. To giue totwo Pi-
gcons
“Of the Ure-Oxe.
geons poyfon/ red Arfnick or Orpin ) the one which drinkethalitle ofthe true Vnicorns
| horne willbe healed,the other will die, I do leaue this manner of tryall vnto rich men. For
the price of that which is true; is reported at this day to bee of noleffe vallew then Gold.
Some do fel the waight thereof fora floren, or eight pence: fome fora crowne, ortwelue
pence. But the marrow therofis certainely of a greater price, then that which is of harder
fübftance. Some likewifedo fel a dram thereof, for two pence halfe penny, fo great is the
diuerfiry thereof. For experience of the Vnicornes horne to know whether it be right or
not: put filke vpon a burning cole,andvpon the filke the aforfaid horne , and if fe be that
it be truethe filke will not bea whit confumed. ;
1o. Thehornes of Vaicorns, efpecially that which is brought fromnew Iflands, being bea-:
teriand drunk in water, doth wonderfully help againft poyfon: as of late experience doth
manifeft nto vs a man,who hauing taken poifon and beginning to {well was preferued
by this remedy. I my felfe haue herd ofa man worthy tolbebeleeued,that hauing eaten a
poifond cherry ,and perceiuing his belly to fwell, he cured himfelfby the marrow of this
. horne being drunken wine in very fhortfpace. | i. |
The fsmeisalfo praifed at thisday for the curing of the falling ficknes, and affirmed by,
Aelianus whocalled this difeafe cured. The ancient writers did atributethe fo rce'of hea-
ling to cups made of this horne, wine being drunke out of them : but becaufe we cannot
haute cups,we drinkethefübflance ofthe horn, either by itfelfe or with other medicines.
| 4o 2 happily fometimemadethis Sugar of the horne,as they call it; mingling with thefame
eluded in filke, and beaten in the deco&ion ofrazens and Cinamon slcaft them in water,
the reftofthereafon of healing in the mean time not being rnegle&ted.It is morouer com
méded of Phyfitians of ourtime again ftthe peftilent feauer,(as Alorfius Mundella writeth)
againft the thebitings of rauenous Dogs, andthe ftrokes or poyfonfome flings of other
creatures; and privately in rich mens houfes againft the belly or mawe wormes ;to con-
clude, it is giuen againft all poyfon whatfoeuersas alfo againft many moft griéuous difea-
fes. The King of the Indians drinking out ofa cuppe made of an’ Indian Vnicorns horne,
aiid beingiasked wherefore he did it, whether itwere forthe loue of drunkenneffe, made
30 anfwer, that by that drinke drunkenneffe was both expelled and refitted atid worfer things
cured, meaning that it cleaneabolifhed al poyfof whatfoeuer. The horne of an Vnicorris
doth heale that deteftable difeafe in men called S; Johns euiletherwifeche curfed difeafe.
The horne ofan Vnicorne being beaten and boyledin wine, hatla wonderful effe& in ma-
| king thé teeth white orcleare, the mouth being well clenfedtherewith. Andthus much
| Shall fuffice for the medicines and vertues arfing from the Vnicorne. HU
|. coo E THE' VREOXE.
~ ote’ His Beattis called by the Latins Vrus by the Germans Aaroex, and
Vrox ,and Groffe vefent, by the Lituanians Thar, the Scythians Ba-
bri, and thefe beaftes were not knowne te the Grecianis, (as Pliny
writeth ) of whom Seneca writeth in this manners ;
Tibi dant varie pectoratigres,
Tibi villofi terga Bifontes,
Lati[d, feri cornibus vri.
ie Andvircilalfo maketh mentíon of them in this Georguke,writing of
cortilingofviness. T: exenda [apes etiam ch pecus omne tenendum :
Precipne eum fans tenera, imprudenf 4, labersm,
Cui femper indignas hyemes, folem, petentem,
Siluefives vrteafadue capreeg, Jequaces,
Thudunt. | | |
Thefe wilde beatts ut Vre-oxes are wilde Oxen, differing from all other kindes already
hearfed in the ftory of Oxen, Bugles, Bifons, or any other, although foe haue vnskil-
fully rye for Bifons,and sir Thomas Eliet in his Dictionary, doth Engli(h Vasa
Bugil, but befide him no body, that Iknow, and for this caufe he is reprehended by o-
Ttt ther.
| ^ Amber, iuory duft,lcaues of gold , Corall;and certaine otherthings, the horne being in«
The feueral
ames.
IES EIN TIE cpm nim
—
M ID
LL TG Sia. cci
CRRCL Rec SR a a
MÀ
nee iti enn
MC ert Tap a - " See = E p we EZ: cm -
EEN scd
DEC
cum t
im
NA
& —F, 27
SN Ss z yn FE JF
SSE a =
ther. Now although there be nothing inthis beaft but ordinary,yet fecing it isacreature
fo well knowne, we haue the leffe reafon to omit his fhapeand ftory, leaft we fhould iufily
be condemned of negligenceand carelefneffe. NND
In outward proportion of the bedy itdiffereth little from the Bull, Itis very thick, and
his back fomewhat bunched vp,and his length from the head to the aile is(hort, no waies
an{werable tothe proportion of his flature and fides:the horns (asfome fay)are butfhort,
The feuetal ver blacke, broad, and thicke, hiseiesred, a broad mouth, anda great broade head;his
pares temples hairy,a beard vpon his chin, but {hort,and the colour thereof blacke, his other
parts,as namely in tlie face, fides, legs, and taile,ofa reddifh colour. .
‘Thefeare inthe wood Hercynia, in the Pyreney Mountaines, and in Mazouta neate Zi£g-
Pleesof 4#id» They are cald zi of Ovon,that isthe Mountaines, becaufe their fauage wildnesis fo
their abode great, that tbey fildome difcend from thofefauegardes. They far excell Buls,and.other
wild Oxen, comming neerer to the quantity or ftature of Elephants, then to the Bull. In
refemblance a man wouldthinke them tobe compounded of a Mule and a Hart, fer their
outward refemblancefofeem. Itisfaid they couldneuerbetamed by men,although they
were taken when they were young, yet they loue other heardes of cattel, and will not for-
fake chem eafily after they haue once ioyned themfelues vnto them, wherby many tipaes,
they are deceiued and killed, 20. 30. or forty atatime. Caligula Ca/ar brovehtoftbelea-
liueto Rome, and did fhew them in publike {peétacle to the people, and-at chat. timethey™
were taken for wilde Buls. Some affirme that there are of thefe in Prwfgayand that theyare
Countries of £0 Wild, cruel, and vntamable,as they feare or fpareneither man nor beaft and when they
their breed are fet vponand woundedby the hunters in the woods among the treés, feeling their hurts
and perceiuing their bloude ifluing out oftheir body, they rage aboue meafure, for ha-
vitig no meancs to take reuenge ypon the hunter, by reafon that he ftandeth behind fomé
great tree, for very wrath and fury they kill themfelues with their owne headlong force
vponthefametree. Itis faid that their forcheades are fo broad ‘and large, thattwo men
« may eafily fit betwixt their hornes. They are able to take vp an Armed man and his horfe,
and to toffe him into the aire like a Bull; andthe heads of thefe or fiich like beafts are to be
feene publiquely fixed vp in common places at Aentz arid Wormes, which are worth the
obferuation , becaufe in all proportion they are twice fo big as the vulgar Bull or Oxe.
Now although their large bodies and manes doealfo appertaine to the Bifons, yet it is
not vnfit to attribute thefamealfo to the Vre-Oxe.' For ifit be in the pleafure ofany man
to make it alfo à kind of Bifon, L vill not deny that this muft be remembred, thacboth the
body ofthis beaft is muchlarger, and alfo the afpe@ net fo grim or fierce 4s is the Bifon.
There
@ of the Urus. 722
There are many of thefe found alfoin Angremannia,and the Confines of Zapponia,and Their faturg
other Northerne parts of the world, wherethey are cald by the Illirianterme Zabrones,
andthefeare{ high asa call man can hardly lay bis handypon the top of their backes, al-
though he ftraine himfelfe very much.
Andfome ofthem are fifteen cubits in length,ofwhom befidetheir admirable fitength,
their velocity and nimbleneffeis alfo remarkeable, for itis faid ofthem, that when they
empty their bellies,they can turn about to take their dung or excrement vpontherr horns
before it falltothe grouud, which they catt
whereby they blind and burnethem. ‘They
vpon the hunters or purfuers,Dogs or men,
which accuftome or pra&ife to kill and hunt
thefebeafts, aregreatly commended and rewarded whenthey hauekilled many ofthem,
ro whereof they make proofe, by bringing the
common Market place.
hornes of them thatthey bauekilledinto the
In ancient time before the inuention ofíron weapons,they did takethem in thofe coun-
tries in ditches, and great caués ofthe earth,wherunto the firongeftand moftadiue yong
men didapply themfelues, having both Dogs and all other needfull inftruments to take a-
way thelife of this beaft ; andifitdid not happen that hee faftened his hornesintofome
tree, then was all the labour loft, for they could neuer come neere to touch him, onely
when in his fpeedy fwift fury among the woods, he ran his hornes into thebody of fome
Okesorfüch like, whereby hee was flayed, (forit is not fo eafieto pullthem forth, as to
fixe them, becaufethey are rugged, crooked,and ftand vpward) then hee was ouettaken
= afd killed by fore hunter orother. And ifatany time he met with ahunter, it was fa-
talland deadly tothe man, except hee could auoyde the Beaft by, getting vnto fome
trcé.
Sigifmundus Baro,that honorable man writeth thus hereof,thatin Ma/ouia neate Lituania
itis bred and called Thar,8cthey area kind of wilde Oxen,not differing from the vulgar,
(excepias aferefaidybutin their colour and a fpotted ftrake or linewhich goethal along
their backs. And thofé Vre-oxen are keptas
it were in parkesandchafes, hauing a peculi-
ar difignment by the King, and the inhabitantes of certaine villages to keepe and watch
them. Sometimes when they meet with a common or vulgar came Cow, they leape vpon
her and fill her, butfuch a Calfe lieth not long, but dyeth as iit were not perfect; and if
3o it do chanceto liue itneuet refembleth the fire nor yetis admitted into their fociety and
heard, butare refufed for baflards and ignoble breed. And when he was Ambaflador to
sigifmundus the Empe. hereceiued for a gift one of thefe killed, and bowelled having the oe nein
skin of the forehead cut offand taken away, whereat hee wondered much, but durftnot parts,
aske the queftion or reafon thereof; yet afterward he vuderftood that there were girdles
made of that part of the hide, wheseby the women ia that Country wereperfwaded that
they (hould be made apt to conceiue & bring forth children:& Bona the mother of Sigif-
mund gauevnto him 2. girdles for that purpofe, wherof he {aid he be(towed one vpon the
ucene of Romaines, who did take the fameat his hand very gratioufly and thankefully.
And itiscertain, that out of the hides of thefe beafts are made girdles, which are two fin-
49 gersthicke,and ftrong, and yet thehaire vpon themis foft and genilelike any wooll.
The fleth of thefe beafts isrankeand heauy, and if it be eaten fre(h it caufethloofeneffe,
but i£be filteda day or two itit is nothing inferiour to Becfe,forfothe humidity istaken.
away» With the hornesare made drinking Cups, and for that purpofe the richer fort of
people doedge or lip them ouer withilluer
and: gold:they hold or containe as muchas
two ordinary pitchers of water Other take off the points and faften them to fpeares being
very (harp, and not eafily blunted or broken,and other make ef them cut into flices o Xs?
spanes the beft Lanthornes in the world. . And thus much forthe Vre-Oxe, vnto whofe 9-52
Hiftorie it isneedefull for meto adde the ftory of diners other wilde Oxen notyet defcriz
bed.
39. serabo faith, that there are Oxen cald Rhizes, among the Hefperian Aethiopiams, whoin | ——
outward proportion are muchlikethe vulgar buls;but in other parts,as quantity trength, Hiftories of
and vigour, comparable to the Elephants.
Theuetys writethy that betwixt Floridia
are verye many ftrange fhaped, Deaftes ,
other wilde
Oxen.
and Pala, inthe new found Worlde, there
andamonge other akynde of Wilde Bull,
Voted whofe
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724. The Fiftorie of Foure-fomed Beafts.
whofe hornes area foot long, but on his backe he hatha tumour or bunchlikea Camel,
and is therefore called Bos Camelita, his haireall ouer his body is very long, but efpecial.
ly vnder his chin, and his colour like a yellow Mule,and this beaftis a continuall enemy
to a Horfe, Like vnto thefe are the tame Scythas Oxen,and fome other in Afia, who car-
ry packes vpon the bunches of their backes, and alfo bend their knees like Camels.
OF THE LYBIAN OXE.
Hercisfo great an innumerability of Libian Oxen, offo
greatfwiftnes and celerity chat the hunters are many times
deceiued in hunting them, and fo doe certainely chance or
fall vpon other wilde beaftes for the fame they raifed, and
hein the meane while doth hide himfelfe in a place of bram-
bles and briars keeping himfelfe there{afe,while other wild
beafts doth appeare like vnto them, and fo doe decciue the
cies ofthe hunters : thereforeif any man doth begin to fol-
low after either of them, it willbe but labour loft,tor hee is
not ableto comprehend or attaine them witha horfe, ex-
cept he may take them being wearied by longitude of time. Byt ifany hunters fhall finda
young calfe, fpare the life there of, and{hallnot prefently kill it, he fhallreapea double
profit by it :and firftic doth bring profitto it felie,and dooth induce or lead his dara into
d captiuity. For after that the hunter hath bound the calfe with a rope, fhe being enflamed
by the loue or affe tion which the beareth to hir calfe,returneth backe againe vnte it, co-
ueting with anardent defireto loofen and takeaway her Calfe outof the bond orhalter,
therefore fhe thrufteth in bir horne that fhe may loofen the cord,and pluck hir young one
away , whereby (he is kept faftbound with hir Calfe, her hornes being entangled in the
rope. Then commeth the hunter and killeth her,and taketh forth her liuer,and alfo cutteth
off her dugs or vdder,and doth likewife pluck off hir skin,& leaueth her fleth for the Birds
and wild beafts to feed vpon. There is another kind of Oxe in Libia, whofe Hornes doth
bend downeward, and for that caufe they are faine to feed going backwards. Ofthefay-
ings of Herodotus and. Aelianus, I haue (poken before. Piles doth write that they are cald
Oxen going backward, becaufe the broadnes of their hornes doth couer their eie-fight,
‘ fothat ic flandeth them in no vfc to go forward, butis very commodious to go backward.
There isan Oxe which linechin the woods of Affrick, which doth refemble a domefticall
Oxe, yet leffe in (tature, ofa browne or ruffet colour, andalfo moft {wift of foote. This
Leo: African beat is found in the defarts, or in the Marches orlimits ofthe defarts. Their defh is alfo
of aperfe& or abfolute fauour and taft, good for the nouri(hment of men.
OF THE INDIAN WILD OXEN.
He horas of the Oxen of the Garamantons do grow downewards to-
ward theearth,and therefore when they feede they bow the hinder
Aelianus,
Pliny 'h part ofthenecke, (as Solinus writeth) and aswe hauc fpoken before
inthe diuerfities of wilde Oxen, The weeds alfo in Indiaare filled
& with wild Oxen. In the prouince of Indiawhere the Gymmits inhabit,
ale J are creat multitudes of Oxen which liue in the forrefts or woods.In
trao,
AS CRS Vas? the kingdomes which are vponthe borders or Confins of India, (in
Poniente ih Av ^w the mid ofthe day) are many faireand great Oxen which liue in the
woods. Tliereàre Mountains in theinmoftregions of India, which are very hard to come
vnto,where they fay liuethofebeaíts wilde, whichare among vs domefticalland tame,as
. fheepe, Goates, Oxen, and foforth. Thegreat King of India doth ele& or choofea day
cuery yeare forthe runbingsand combats of men, andalfo fightings of beaftes; whofet-
ting their hornes one againftanother, do fight irefully with admirable rage; vnrillthey o-
‘uercome their aduerfaries, They do alfo labour, andftrine withall: their nerues and fin-
newes;cuen as ifthey were champions; orfoughit for fome great reward; or fhould get
honor by their battell. VVilde
eAlanus
.
® of the Weafel a
Wilde bulles, tame Rams, Affes with one horne, Hyznaes, andlafily Elephantes,as if
they were capable of reafon , they wound them among themfelues, and the one doth of-
tentimes ouercomeandkill the other, and fometimes falldowne togither being both
wounded. I hauealfo recited before in another place of the intreaty of Oxen, thofe sdi-
an Oxen whichare faid to be moft fwift in their ioynts in running too and fro, when they
are at combate, becaufe there we had not diftinguifhed whether thefe were wild Oxen or
not : but it doth appeare in this place, that they are wholy taken for wilde Oxen : andthe
. thing it felfe doth manifeft that domefticall Oxen are not fo fwift nor fo ftrong. !
The Oxen in 74/4 haue altogether whole hoofes, and alfo but one horne. 4ezbiepiaal-
fo doth breede zpdian Oxen, that isto fay , Oxenthat arelike to thofe of 77/4, forfome Plinius,
16 hauebut one horn,& otherfome 3.Solinus faith that there are found in 7274/4 {ome Oxen
which haue but one horn,& otherfome which haue 3. horns with whole hoofs,& not clo-
uen. The Jndian Oxen arefaid to beeashighas a Cammell,and their horne foure foote
broad.Pftelomaus doth report, thathe faw a horne of an 424/42 Oxe which did hold in the
bredth of it thirty gallons. |
There are alfo Oxen which are bred in Ivdia, whichin greatnes are no bigger thena
Bucke, or Goat,they do run yoaked together very fwift, nor do end their race with leffe
{peed then the Goat-land horfes,and Ididnot takethem to be Oxen lining in the woods,
for our Rangiferand Oxen which liue inthe woods, are the fwifteftof al beafts in this kind, @4yi/fotle
and moft apt to combats and runnings, aad they may partly be called Oxen hauing one
horne, and partly Oxen having three hornes, neither are they found in Scandinavia, but
alfo inother Regions and Dominions of A/a, as we beleeue that Indian Oxen are ofthe
fame kind.sSolinws doth not rightly cal thofe Zadian Oxen, which Aeltanus calleth Aethio-
picos, as haue declared abouc in the ftoric of the Aethiopian Oxen, for their hornes are
moouable.cte/ias doth write, that there are fprung vp among the fame beafts, that beaft
which is called Mantichora :which is manifefted by Ariflotle in his Hiftorie of Foure-foo-
ted beafls. Hermolaus alfo and others haue not confidered this error. Among the 4racho-
fapsthere are Oxen which liue in the woodes, which do differ from thofe that are bred in
the Citty, as much as wilde fwine from tame. Their colour is blacke,bending a lide down-
wards,and their hornes broadand vpright.There isa Cutty in Zadia called Avachotus, ta-
3o kingthe name from theriuer Arachotws, which do flow out of Canfacus what thofe beafts
are which bend their hornes vpward,l have declared in the {tory of the 2;[oz for as there
may be fpoken fomething concerning the difference ofthe plantes of the woods, fo alfo
concerning the beafts that are bred in the Citty, and thofe that are bred in the woods.
.
OF THE WEASELL.
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79 fEnteagey Here are diuers kinds of V Veafels, but inthis placewe do intreat of the leaft
NA a ty nas
$74! kind whofe forme and (hape we liaue alfo here {er downe. It is likwife proper-
Bote ly named ofthe Latines Mujfela,a weafel for fo we were wont plainly to name
Ko o Vio | thofe which wer'common and domefticall, and to adde names to thofe which
are more feldome feene, or liue in the woods for difference fake.
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The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
The word Chaled in Lenit.11.is tranflateda Weafel of all interpreters.. The Rabbinsdo
call them Chuldah,and commonly Muftela,as Dauid Kimbhiwriceth. The Chaldzans do
cranflate it Chulda,the Arabians Caldah, the Perfians Gurba, and Hieron Muftela. Oaebis
an Hebrew word, whereupon it was once tranflated Ochim, plurally in Efay. 13. Babslom
fibuertetur , e jmplebunt domos eorum ochim, Munfter us vercopithecos vertit .'Y hat is tofay,
Babilon [Ball be ouertbrow ne , and their boufes [ball be filled with Ochim, thatis, Weafels, buc
Manfter us doth call them Munkeys. Dauid Kimhi,and the Maifter of Thalmud, do callit
Nemiah, thatis,like to a Cat, but commonly they call ita Martin, or Firum, and Fares.
The Authors of the Concardanees of the Habrewes doth interpret Kaph , Circopithecum or 16
Cephum ,and Culdah, thatis to fay Muftela; a NN eafillas the Jewes do thinke. The Chal-
dee hath tranflateda Martin Ochy 2. symmachus alo hath left or forfaken the Hebru word.
Aquila doth tranflate xt Typhones, that is, a Whirle-winde, Hieronimus doeth tranflate it
Draco, that is a Dragon.
Koabistruely interpreted to beakind of Lizard;or a Chamalien.. In Lewsticus 11. We
alfo read in Albertus, His and Hyrzus, (two Barbarous words) for a Weafell, which hee
himfelfe doth not vaderftand: but I haue difcerned or taken this ftgnification out of the
words of Arifforle: fot Albertus doth moft vnlearnedly ex pound Hyreum a Hare,being de-
cciued, becaufe both the liuing beafts do oftentimes remoue theiryoung ones from one
placeto another intheirmo utbs. Fethis alfo doth feeme to be according to Ariflotle, no
other thing then Gale, that is to fay a Weafell For Feyton (faith he) it hath witlikeaFox, ^^
that is to fay, in fetting vpon Hens or Chickins, and theother fhape and forme of itis:
Katiz,thatis to fay 7é£is a Ferret. Ns fitxa alfois euen tothis day calleda Weatella-
monethe Grecians. Zbagaugeis alío called a Weafell, 1b/muersisa little foure-footed-
beaft Bellula alfo dothfeeme to fignifie a Weafell, by a feigned worde proceeding from
the French or [talians, which do callalfo Belerzam, Balottam pro muftela for a.VVealell,bue
fomeofthelater Grzcians do abufe it in tearming it a Catte, as haue fpoken beforein
the Hiftory ofthe Cat. "m i
Theodorus Gaza in Ariffotle docth interpret it fometimes a Weafell, and other fome-
times a Cat; neither can I fufficiently gather wherefore he doth fo change it, feeing that
that the Gracians call Cattume, for a Cat Acluron, and che Latines Felem.Somefay, that 3°
Muftela for a NN eafell hath bin interpreted or declared of late daies, being onely led (if I
be not deceiued) withthe affinity ofthe German word, forthe Germans do call Mwffela
aWifel; The Grecians do vfually take to this day Mauftela for a NN eafell, as I haue read in
the Oration of Swidas. A\WVeafelliscalledia (taly Donnola, or Ballottwla, It isapparant
by the words of Awscen that Donnula, and otherwife Dannula isBarbaroufly vfed Prom,
ffelaforà Weafell : Albertus andNiphus doe write Damula fora Weafell, by the which
word the later writers do very obfcurely vnderftand Dama for a VVeafell, whichis ef the
kind of Goats liuing in the woods. D amma or Dammula,is a {mall and weake beaft, (as Z-
fidorus writethy {peaking ofthofe thatare wilde and will not cometo hand. VVhen it doth
bring forth young, it doth prefently deuoure the feconds or thofe that come after byrth
before they touch the earth, and yer 1t isaprey itfelfe to other Foure-footed-beaftes, 48.
You may alfo feeme to takea little Deare, orakinde of young Goate, ora VVeafell, for
that kind of Beaft which doth deuour her feconds : But we read that neither ofthefe do it.
The Lizardis fayedto deuoure her firft litter which (he litterethinheroldage. VVe
alfo call Domefticall VVeafels Foinos.A weafell is called in France, Belotte or Belette,and
Albalotte.Someas I do heate which do inhabite about the townes of Meta, docallthem
Baccal,Carolus Figuli doth interpret a weafel in French Fowinum,or Marturellum,of which
Ihaue fhewed before that there is two kindes, and alfo that there is weafels lining in the
. woods.InSpaine alfo they are called Comadreia. The people ot Rhetia which {peake La-
tine, dokeepe the Latine name. The Germans do calthem !Vifel or Wifele.Georgius Agri-
cola{aith,that it is called a weafellby reafon of the noife that it maketh, Otherfome dwel-
ling in Helwetia do call it Hermelin,and fome doe callit by a. corrupt worde Hamelin, but
thofeoughtonly to benam edfowhich are altogether white,and are found in winter time.
Butheere in England it is called a Vea/el/,and fome do write it Wefyll, or Weafyll: but the
white weafell is calied Manewer, by the tranfpofition of the letters ofthe French word; it
is called Herminne,andamong the Illyrians Kolezauwa. Some
$9
«
of tbe Weafell. 27
Some doethinkeatthis day that the beaft whofe (hape and forme we haue giuenfor a
Weafell,is the Shrew-moufe, but not rightly, forthetr onely reafon is, that the bitings
of it dothpoyfon and harme almoft in like manner. Albertus alfo doth write, thatthe
Sea Weatell is called the fielde-Shrew, which is vtterly falfeand vntrue : For the Shrevv
iscalledamong the Gracians Mygale, Male or Female. They doenow alfo commonly
call ichaumon the Indias Moufe,and otherfome the fallow Deere ;But Damula, or Do-
nula, is of the Italians and fome later Barborous Writers, altogether called a €ommon
Weafell, and not chnenmon, whichis a peculiar Beaft to the Egyptians.
Now the reafon of the Latine name Mu/fela, Carolus Figulus is of opinion, thatitisde* |,
riuedof Mysand Stelio;two Greeké wordes, becaufeit deuoureth Mice, and both the pct
re Germans and the Engliíh deriuetheir word Steale, or Stellen, vo rob or filtch, from the iozy of Wea
Greeke worde SteHein ; fo that it is fo called, becaufe this Weafell isa ftill,and fecret, fels.
ftealing , and deuouring Beaft. Calepin faith , that Muffelais Quafi longior mus. This
Beaftisalfo called by Ariftele Habeninum, and it isfayd thatit hunteth Moles or blinde
Mice. The epithits
The epithets hereofare, fearefull, In-creeper, and fwifz, and befide thefe Ifinde not colour and
any materiall or worthy tobeerehearfed. Now concerning their outward proportion, feueral parts,
itisas we haue heere defcribed, along and thiane body, but the colour thereof varieth,
for fome of them are browne and branded, fome blacke, and forne cleane white, which
we haue fhewed already to be the Evmya : for infomeplaces of Germany, Heluetia,and
2d the Alpes,the Weafels in the Winter becomeall white. But for as much asthereare
two kinds of Weafels, one vulgar and domefticall; lining in Houfes and Citties, and the
other wild liuing inthe VVoods& Mountains : we find alfo that they differ in colour, ei-
ther ofboth being conftant in thefame , for the domefticall VWeafell is vpon the backe
andfidefandy, red,and fometime yellowifh, and alwaies white on the throat, yea, fome- .
times as Geor. Agricola writeth they areall white, whereat no man ought to wonder fee-
ing the Hares of Helsetía do in the Winter time turne white, and of thefe white VV eafels,
or Armins there are aboundancein the Northern partes of Europe , where their Sum:
mers are(hort, andtheit Winters long:and thefe white Weafels differ nothing from the
common vulgar Weafelles ofother colours, except that their haire fticke falter totheir
3o backess and it is obferued, thatin Ru//bia the Nobleft Womenare apparailed with thefe
skinnes: And there isa VVoode in Scandinasta( called Lanzerueca ) which isfourefcore
Milelong, wherein are aboundance of white VVeafels, and the Kingstentesamong the
Tartareansare{aidto be couered allouer withthe skinnes of Lyons without, and the wals
to be hung with thefe 47755 or white V Veafels with in ;and although the price of thefe
skinnes be very deere among them (for fomctimes fo many as are víedin one Garment
will cofitwo thoufand Crowns yet do the people éarneftly fecke after them, accounting
it no {mall honor, to wearefo much wealth vpon their backes.
Now the reafon why thefe beafts came to be called Armuilini, is from Armillaa chaine,
becaufethey did wearethemin fringes about their Garments like chaines;and although
49 that fome of the Alpine Mice bee all white, and likewifethe Pontique Moufe, yet there
müfi be a difference obferued betvvixt thefe VVeafels whichare properly called Armins
and thofe Micewhicharefo called,onely by way of refemblance, as we haue (hevvedal-
ready in their ftories.. And of the Pontique Moufe, I may adde thus much more;that :
they liuein the winter timein hollow trees, wherein they becomeas white as Snow allo-
ouer, except their tailes, andarein quantity like Squirrels;butin the end of May they turn
- fomewhat red, becaufethattben they giue themfelues to copulation and generation of
young ones when they lay afide their whiteneffe, andliue many dayes togetherin carnall
copulation, among the greene and fre(h Heatbs,leauing behinde them fuch:rancke and
vafanory frelsas are very odious toa good fcent:Andiit is faid that eucry three yeare their |
59 skins throughaboundance of foode grow greater and greater , tothe exceeding com-
modity of Matchants and skinners in Norway,and Helfyngia.
There arecertaine little Foure-footed-beaftes called Lemmar, or Lemmus, which in Ofthe Lem-
tempefluous andrainy weather ,do feeme to fall downe from the cloudes; andit wasne- "^^^
wer yetfound, whether their beginning arofe firft from heauen or earth, but this is cer-
. taie
"red a
a
eee —— =
St at a ys T n ICE
728
Places ar
their abode
Their copu-
lation and
conception,
| The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
taine thataffoone as euer they haue fallen to the ground, fome of them haue bin opened,
and in their bowels haue bin found greene hearbes, andtherefereI maruaile why euer it
fhould be beleeued that thefebeafts are bred of fome feculent matter in the cloudes; but
ifany manaske me from whence then haue they their beginning, I anfwer from the earth,
even as Locus and Catterpillers, who arefaid in holy feripture to be carryed toand fro
with the winds, and fo thefe beafts being deftitute of naturall food in their placesof gene-
ration,do aduance themfelues into the wind, and fo are carried into other ftrangeand vn-
knowne countries,where they fall like Locufisvpon euery greenethine liuing vntill they
haue deuoured all; but when once they taftofnew grown Hearbs, they perifhand dy,by
meanes whereof they encreafe great peftilence and corruption; but the Arrlins or Ar-
mins, do eate and deuoure them.
Now the skins of thefe beafts are exceeding delicate hauing in them diuers colours, and
therfore the people fleathem off from their bodies, and {el them by thirty or forty in bun-
dles for great price, but of thefe skins I haue fayd enough, both hereand elfe where. The
wild weafels differ not from the vulgar domefticall weafell, their foreteeth are (hort, and
notlonglikea Moufes,the face broad, their genital part like a foxes,their taile (hort their
legs and clawes fhort, ftrong and {harp,and it is reported by Strabo, that che VVeafels of
Manritaniaarcas big as Cats, but their gaping and opening of their mouth much longer
and wider. There is an Ifland called Derdocelena,on the one fide whereof (as Pliny writethy
thereare weafels, and through the middle there is a way ouer which they neuer paffe, and
onthe otherfide there are not onely not any bred, butalfo if they be brou ghtinto it they
dic and perith, and fo likewife it is reported of Bestia.
They make themfelues caues and holes in the earth, rocks, and wals, wherin they lodge,
into thewhichthey frame two paffages or doores, one into the South, the other intothe
North(tefembling herein the Squyrrels)that fothey may be free from the wind on which
fidefo euer it bloweth, fometimes they get into ftackes of Hay and ftraw, and their the
lodge:thofe weafels which liue neare houfes {leep not much, for they haue bin {een abroad
all the winter time, not only the vulgar but the 4729/75, neither are they vathankfull vnto
the country menin whofe houfes they lodge, for they kill, eat,and douourall maaner of
Mice, Rats, and Molds, for becaufe of their long {lender bodies, they areaptto creep in-
tothe holes of the earth and narrow paflages, fetching their prey from thofe places,whe-
ther cats cannot come, therefore in Heluetia the country men nourifh chem more then
Cats, becaufethey deftroy more virmiu then Cats. The harme they do is to Hens, chic-
kins and Egges,and yet fome fay they eatthe Egges and let the hens alone :they are like-
wife enimies to geefe,and deuoure their Egges, aud delsanas writeth, that if they come
vato dead men, they will pull out their eies in {uch manner asthey do Egges, andthere-
fore fuch carkafes are to be watched againftthem. 4myntas writeth,that the Shrew-monfe
is conceived betwixt a moufeand a weafell, which opinion is not only ridiculous but im-
poffible, for howisit likely thata moufe will engender with that beaftwhich lyeth in waite
to deftroy her. It isalfo (aid that a weafell fighteth with thofe ferpents that huatafter Mice,
for no other caufe, but to gaine the prey from him. |
There is nothing in this beaft more firange, then their conception and generation, for
they donot engender nor couple in their hinder parts like other foure-footed-beafts,but
at their eares,and bring forth their young ones at their mouth, and for this caufe Arifleas
writeth,the Iewes were forbidden to eatthem, for this their action was an emblenrof fol-
ly, and offooli(h men,which can keep no fecrets butvtteral that they hear (thus faith he)
but wethat are chriftians knew other reafons, vvhy the levves vvere forbid to eate them.
The Egyptians make of it another fign, for they fay that their copulation attheearejand
generation at the mouth, are emblems of fpeech which is fir{t. cay ghtto the eare,and then
vttered by the tongue: there be other againe that hold thistobeafable:Aud Po peCle-
20
39
49
men vvriteth that they conceiueatthe mouth, and bring forthartheeare, many fay itis jo
true ofthe vveafell ofthe Sea, but not ofthe Weafell of the earth; vvhiclris therefore
called Co//para, and this they vvould confitme by another fable of Medu/a vvhofehead
after it vvas cut off, it is faid to bring forth Chry/aor and Pegaf/usfome do alledge for this
opinion thatthe Crovvesand the /bss do conceiuc at their mouthes; but thisis certaine,
that
- HER
a's
Of the Weafell. 729
thatthey haueplaces of conception vnderneath their tails like other Four-footed-beafts,
andtherefore how it fhould cometo paffe, that theiz young ones {hould come foorth ac
their mouths, [cannot eafily learne.It may bethat the opinion thereof firft arofe from
the fight of fome old one carrying her young in her mouth, fer the young ones are very
finalllike Mice, and thereforeitis likely that they remoue them to and fro as Cattes doe
their young ones, forthey are in continuall feare, leaft they (hould be taken and deftroied
by men, or by fome other Enimy: beaft. . i
The dung of weafels doth mel many timeslike musk, the reafon whereof we haue fhe-
wed you in another place,al of them in general hauea moft ranke and filthy fauour.]t isa
1o rauening and deftroying beaft,and although the body of it be very fmall, yet is the witte
and vnderítanding of it very great, for with fingular Art andfubtilty it compaffeth his
prey wherupon therelyeth this hiftory of Galanthzs themaidof Alckmena, as Perottus ob-
ferüeth out of Owid. VVhen Alckmena wasin long trauell and childe-birth, it is faid that
the maid perceiuing (hee was hindered by Zucina, craftily obtainednotonely the know-
ledge ofthe caufe by Lacina, butalfotheremedy; whereupon fhe eafed her Lady, (like a
true and faithful feruant) of many paines: Zucina feeing that he was beguiledby Galuarhss,
and that her crafty wit had ouer-teached a Goddeffe, (hee turned herinto a V Veafell for
her punnifhment, that as fhe had finned by reuealing the counfel ofthe Goddeffe; fo fhe
fhould be punnifhedto bring forth al her young ones at hir mouth, as weafels does and
2o forthis occafion the Domeftical weafellike'amaide doth continually liue in houfes, and
her colour yellowifhlike the haire of Gals#this: thus fay they of metamorphofing and
erausforming. a BO TO!
Others fome fay that when Alekmena was in trauel of Hercules hauing indured lorig tor-
ments, fhe was delivered by the fight of a weafel which came in her prefence, and there-
fore the Theban Gracians do religioaflie worfhip a weafel, for they fay that asit was norifht
by Hescate the Goddefle,fo it did norith Hereslessbutheerein they take Gale for Galanthis
aforefaid, thatis, a weafel ; for Alckmenaies maid, and feeing we haue begunne totalkeof
transformations, I wiladde another thinge out of stobews, not impertinent to this com-
mon place, for hewritethin the difpraife of women, that the’ diuerfitie of their difpofiti-
ons perfwadeth him that fome of chem are deriued from one beaft, and fome from ano-
ther: and namely thofe which come of weafels, are a miferable, fullen,and forrowful kind
ofwomen,to whome nothing is pleafing, delightfull, or acceptable, but hauing no mind
to the pleafure of Venus, loathing hir husband; hurteth herneighbors; robbeth her felf,
anddeuoureth confecrated and hallowedthings; even afterthe manner of weafels which
willtakea booty from the altar: Thus faith he, which I beleeucto be truein the compa-
rifon, butnot inthe generation or tranfmutation of women from weafels.
Ido maruaile how it came to paffe that a weafell was called, an vnhappy, infortunate,
and vilucky beaftamong Hunters, for they held opinion héére ‘in England, that if they The ioni
meet witha weafel in the morning, they thal not {peed welthat day therefore the Greci- oketa
9 atis fay Galeffeir and ‘Alsazus hath an excellent Emblem, whereby heeinfinuareth that ic Wealels ec-
is not good to hauea weafel run vppon ones left hande, and therefore aduifethaman to uat)
giue ouer his enterptize, after füch an Omen. Nowalthough I would haue no wife man to
flandiri feare of fucha füperftitious conceit, yet I wil fubfcribe his verfes, more for vari-
ety and clegancie, then for truth £92 eot 8 2034 'an1 |
Aufpicijs ves coepta malis bene cedere nefeit
Felici qua fum oreine facta inuant
Quicquid ages muffela f, tibi occurret omitte
Signa male bec fortis beffia prata gerit.
It(houldfeemethatthe beginning of this opinion did come fromthe punifhmentof
a cettáin general of the Corinthians naay who beitig periuredin breaking his faith to that
ftate, came running awaie from them andthey faie that afterwards he could rieuer fleep,
but that lie dreamed weafels came and torehis efhifrom his bodie: Aclaftthroughan- _
euith and greefe of mind, he flue himfelf, thefethings are reported by Heraclides which"
whether they betrue or falfe are boca fillie and {lender foundation to buildvpon thema
Prophetical opinion, or prefage future euils, and fo'l willeaue the morral pattofthe wea-
fell
30
©
—
—— -—
759
Fran.
The Hiftory of Foure-footed "Beafts.
félsand returheagaineto the natural. They haueknewledge like miceand rattes,torun
out of houfes before their downefal. "They liue in hatred with the ferpent that hunteth
mice, forby eating of Ruethey driue chem out of houfes wherein they inhabitesand this
is a wonderfulworke of God, that this filly beaft (hould haue the knowledge of the virtue
ofthat hearbe,and not onely arme her felfe with it, becaufe itis hatefulto Serpents, and
they in no wife innature able toabideit, but alfo by ittoreftore to life agame her younge
ones after they are dead.
There isa poifon in Weafels which deftroyeth the Cockatrice, for whenthe VVeafel
findeth the Cockatrices hole or den, fhe layeth her poifonin the mouth therof,whereby 10
two contrary natures meet and fight, and the leffer overcommeth the greater, and this -
is affirmed both by plinyand solinws; wherefore all maner of cattle do feare weafels. They
huntall manner of birds, pulling ouctheyr throate as a wolfe doeth a íheepes. They will
play with Hares till they haue wearied them, and thendeftroy them, they are in perpetu-
al enmity with fwine, Rauens, Crowes, and Cats, foralthougl: Cats fometimes fet vpon
them, yetthey cannot ouercome them.In many places of /taly they are nouri(hed tame,
foras Ferretsare vied to fetch Conies ontof the earth, fo are weafels by tying a ilringe a-
bout their necke to fetch young Pigeons out of Doue-cotes,and birds out of their nefts.
Ifthe pouder ofa weafel be giucn vntoa Cocke, Chickens, or pigeons, it is faid they (hal
neuer be annoied by weafils. .
. Likewife ifthe braine of aweafel, bee mingled with a rennet in cheefes, it keepeth
them from being touched wlth mice or corrupted withage. The flefh ofa weafel is not v-
fed for meat, but dried and preferued for medicines. The powder thereof mixed with wa-
ter drinethaway mice, by cafting the gall of stellins in ahoufe where V Veafels are gathe-
red togither,and then byoile of bitter Almonds, or fale Ammeniak they are killed, but
if one of their tailes be cutoff, al therefidue do forfake the houfe. And thus much fhall
faffice conceraing the Hiftory of VVeatels, now followeth the medicines arifing outof
their bodies... - | |
The medicines arifrng from the Weafel.
"A weafel being applied vato thofe which are troubled with Agues or Quarterne Fea-
ners, dothin (hort time curethem.It dothalfo being mingled withvother thinges make
a wonderful pleafant mollifying medicine for thofe which ate troubled with the goutor
any other infirmity in theioyntes; and.eafeth thofe which hauea continual ache inthe
head, leauin'g a certaine matter on the top thereof, and ftrokiag it fromthe foreheadeto
the biader part of the head. oy 3 661
For thecuring alfo ofrhe gout;this is au excellent remedy.-To take a little yong whelp
?
$
- aliue wel fatted; andaliuing weafel innine pintes of oile; and vnto the fame two or three
Actas
e" ticenua
pounds of Butter,-and to boile them together, vatilthe Beattes be made lanke or lither,
teth certaine things to.weafels fle(h only,which the claffical Authors rather afcribe to the
owder of weafels which arethefe : tobeapplyedtotbe gout, being drunk in wineagainft
the falling fickneffe , andthe head-ache, but it is accounted an efpeciall remedy againfi
thebitings of Scorpions. elus sus MR edes S SR
The fleth ofa weafelbeing taken, isa verie good and effeQual preferuatiue againfte
20
andthento put your hands or feet a whole daie in hot oile wel trained. Avicenna attribu- 49:
al poifons. The fame being taken in meat, the head and feet onely caftawaie, doethhelpe |
thofe which are troubled with VVennes or bunchesin the Qefh, being ficft anointed with
theblood ofthe fame beaft. The blood of a weafeliswery wel applied tobroken or exulce-
rated fores in the flefh. The fame vertue hath the whole bodie ofa weafel boiled in wine,
beingin themanner ofaplaifter placedthereunto,. For the expelling of the gouttake a
dead weafel,and boile him in oyle, vntil it be made liquid, then ftraine forththe oileand
7 heophraflus mingle it with wax, fafhioning the fame in the forme ofa plaifter;and this beingia good
order applyed, wil in very fhort time expel it quite away. Via
A houfe weafel is wontto be burned for diuers remedies,and to be. imbowelled with
: falte
59
aa? À pals s
of tbe Weafel. 75
fait, and driedin a (hade. But there are fomelate writers which affirme, thata weafellis Dioftorids
better being dried or burned for the faid difeafe, then vfedin the aferefaid manner,fome
alfo whichare morefoolifh, think it bet, being onely filted but it is more proper,being
vfedin the firft manner. m :
The bodies of creatures which are dry by nature being dryed by the fprinkling of falt vp-
enthem,are ynmecte for foode, fora ceftaine man going about to falta Hare, made it
like vatoa dryed weafel.Some haue written thatthe flefh ofa Hedge-hog dried, doth ve-
ry much profit thofe which are troubled with an outward or inwatde leprofie : which if it
can effe&, it will more ftrongly havea drying force or power : euen as the flefh of a wea-
- fell being dried and drunke ia wine, expelleth poifon-" A vulgar weafell being kept very
1o old and drunke in VVine, tothe quantity of two drams, is accounted aprefent remedy a-
gainft the venome or ftings offerpents. : | |
A young weafel being prepared, as is before faid, that is to fay imbowelled with falte,
isof good force againftall il medicines.A weafel vied in the fame maner doth prefentlic
curethe bites of ferpenst. A weafel being brentand dryed, efpecially the belly thereof is
accounted an excellent remedy agaififtthe bitings of any other wilde beaft. Somefmall :
part ofthe belly ofa young weafel to the quantity oftwo drams being ftuffed with Cori-
ander; and drünkein wine,is giuen to thofe that are finitten by ferpentes, andis curable
for them. The fleth ofa weafel being burnt,mingled with tneand wine, and fo drunke, is
very medicinableforthe caring of the bites of al creatures. The young whelps of weafels pj.
being imbowelled withtalt,is very profitable 'for the healing of the deadly {tinging or bi-
ting of the fpider called Phalaugium. "
The whelp ofa weafel doth curethe venomous bitings ofthefhrew.The fefh ofawea
fel being dried,doth ftrongly dry and feperat by both which forces thofe are heald which «Albertus
are troubled with the falling ficknes hauing drunk it in wine. This vettue is alfo attributed
viito the blood of weafels: A weafel being dried and drunke in wine,doth heale thofe that
are troubled withthe palfie or fhaking of the ioynts.Concerning the pouder of weafelles
there are many things read: But Gaien writeth,that he neuer burnedthis creature,that he
might try the excellency thereof. The blood and pouder of a weafel are very profitable,
_. beinganointed onthofe whofe bodies are vext with the leprofie,acording to thefaying of?
30 Sérenis inthefeverfes: ~ |
Galles
20
ans Elephanii
Mérbo aduer [us erit éedri de cortice [uceus ,
Misfelede cinis velfufie fangiis ab ula. Ss
The pouder ofa weafel;being mingled with the blood ofa youn g fwallow doth heale the
Quinfie or Squincy, the inflammation of the iawes, asalfothofe which are greened with.
the ftrangutie, being either taken in bread or in drinke. The fame isalfo very effe&ual for
the expelling of wensor bunches in the body ,and healech thofe whichare troubled with’ ©.
the falling fickneffe being daily taken in drinke’ The {ame difeafesare both healed by this’ Myrephus
medicin,tó burn a lining weafelaltogether in an earthen pot,andto mingle with the pou~
49 &erthereof Hony, Turpentine,and Butterjof eacha fufficient quantity sand in the mánet
ofan ointment, to apply it vnto the bodies of the grieued parties. The blood of a fwallow-
anda weafelare commended by fome to bevery congruent and agreeable, but Pliny, A-
uicenna, and the reft of the auncient writers commend the blood ofa weafelonely to bee
very medicinable for thefe difeates following ; namely, the falling ficknes,the Foule-euil,
andthe head-ach. * - Serenus
The ponder of a weafel being ming led in water,anid giuénto onethat is madde or freri--
zy.to drinke,isteported by fometo be very good and profitable for him;if fo be that they
cáti compel the Frantickeperfon to perceiue it. Thepouderofaweafelísvety effectual’
for the expelling or taking away ofthe pinand webinthe cies. Thereisafpeedy remedy P^.
59 forthe driuing away of rheume inthe head, andthe catar {welling by rheume in the iaws,
whicltisthis,co take a weafel vpona Thurfday in the old moone, and put him aliuein an
vaburned pot, that inthe boiling he may be torne; and driedinto ponder, which pouder
being gathred cogitherand wel tempted with hoity,to giue it tothe dif eafed pérfon cue-
ry day in a fpoone fafting,to the quantity of three drams,and it wil in hort fpace wonder-
fully cafe him. A
en ard
d
Ix
Lo
o$D
Galen
Diofcerides
Riis.
eArchigines
The Hiftorie of Foure-footedBeafts.
A Weatell being brent, and che powder thereofwrapped in fomefeare-cloath which
is annointed ouer with the oile of Flower-de-luces, doth helpe and heale al fores or im-
poftumes proceeding from the head tothe eares beingapplyed thereunto. A Weafell
being beatento powder, mingled with wax, and in the manner ofa fearc-cloath applied
vntothefhoulders; doth expell al paines, aches, ox greefes therein whatfoeuer 3 it doth
alfo purgeor clenfe fores very effe&ually;accordingto thefe verfes of Serenus following:
Ob[éeuos fi pone locos noua vnlnera carpant y
Horrentums man[aeurantur frondernberum.
Et fi iamveteri {uccedit fiftulamorbo,,
Muftela cinere inemi[fo purgabitur vleus,
Sanguine cum recini quem bos geftanertt anti
ANNeafellbeing burned in an earthen pot, is verie medicinable for the curing of the
out. The pouderthercofbeing mingled with Vineger, and in that manner. thereunto a-
plied. The duft of a lining Wealell brent, mingled with waxand rofe-water, and annoin-
ted witha Feather vpon gouty legs, cureth the fame difeafe. The braine ofa VVeafel being
kept very long, and thoroughly dried, afterwards mingled with. vineger and fo drunke,
doth very effe&ually cure the falling ficknes.
The braines ofa Cammell mingled with the braines of a weafel being both well dryed,
and drunke in Vineger, {peedily helpeth thofe which are troubled with the difeafe called
the Foule-euill. Ifa horfe fhal fal intoa fudden difeafe (being for the moft part tearmed
daungerous,) which our Countrey-men cal Raech, concerning which, I haucfpoken in
the Horfe, he is cured by fome Horfe-courfers by a fmall quantity of a VV eafels. skinne,
(being abeut the bigneffe of a forefaide golden crowne) which is giuen te him inwardly,
whether in a potion by fome horne; or cut fmall and mingled with chaffe, _Lknowe not.
Some doe giue te the horfes troubled with theaforefaide difeafe the taile of a white wea-
fell being halfe blacke, and halfe white, cut exceeding {mal in their chaffe or prouender.
Ifaferpent or any other venomous creature (hal ftinge or bitean Oxe, let the wounded
placebe ftcoked or fmoethed with the skin ofa weafel,& it thal in fhort time be perfectly
cured. The fame they doina maner commaund to be done to horfes whicharefo flunge °
er bitten, rubbing the wound which the Weafels skin vntillit wax hot, miniftring in the
meanetime fome certaine Antidote within the horfes body. . There arefomealfo which
areof opinion that the skin being in the faide mannerapplyed, isofno efficacy, but that
the wholebeaft being cut &aplyed while iris hot.wil rather profit,which both ina (brew;
asalfe in many ether creatures is manifelt, ^ K
The bloode of a VVeafel being annointed vppon any impoftume arifing behinde the
eare,deth inftandy caufe the {welling to ceafe, or being broken, doth fpeedily heale the
fore. The fame alfo being anointed vpenany impoftumes in the head either whole or bro-
Io
20
3o
ken, doth very effe&tually curechem. The blood of a weafellbeing anointed vpon wens. 40.
or bunches of fleth inany part of the body doth inftantly expel them. Thefame dothalfo
helpe thofe which are troubled wvith the falling ficknefle : which difeafe isalfo cured by
the whole body ofa-Wealel either brent or imbowelled with falte... The headeand feete
ofa Weafel being caftaway ,and the body taken in any kind of drink deth perfectly heal
thofe whichare troubled with that peftiferous difeafe called S. Johns euil. The bloode of
the fame beaft, is an excellent remedy for the expelling of the Fowle-euil. The bloed of
a weafel being aanvinted vpon broken or,exulcerated bunches in the flefh, doth not only
mittigate the paine but alfo heale the wounds... The blood of a weafel being anointed vp-.
pon the iawes, doth heale all paines or fores therein. whatfoeuer.. The pouder andbiood .
of a weafelbeing both mingled together and anointed vpon the body ofany leprous man
~ doth in fhort time driueaway alfcabs or fcurffes thereon. The blood ofaweafel being a= ^
Lsidorus
nointed witha plantaine vpon thelegs or feet of anyone thatis troubled with che.gour,
doth very {peedily.mittigate or affwage the paine thereof. The fame being annointed v p;
penthenerues er finnewes which are fhrunke togither, doth cafily. mollifie them againeg
and leofen the grecuous paine eyther in the ioyntsor articles. Theliuer ofa weafe] min=
135, Sed
Of the We eafel ;
led with his own braintes, being both well dryed,and taken in any kind of drinke, doth ve~
ry much profit chofe which are troubled with the difeafe called S.Iohns euill. The liuer of
a weafell being throughly dry ed and afterwardes taken in water to drinke,, doth healethe
difcafe calledtbe fouleeuill, taking hold offence &'mind together: butthere muft great
care be Had thar this medicine be miniftred vnto theficke party, euen when the difcafe is
comming on him. Thegalofa hare being mingled with theliner ofa weafel to the quan-
tity of three drams,one dram ofoyleofBeauers (tones, foure drams of Myrrhe, with one
73
Galen
dram of vineger,and drunk in hoay, or baftard wine, doth heale thofe whicbaretroubled. |... -
_ witha dizzineffe ór certaine {wimmjng inthe head. The liver ofa weafellis reported to:
xo bevery goodand medicinable for the curing of the lethargy or dropfie euill.. The liner
ofa weafel being bound to the lefrfootofa woman, doth altogether hinder her from corr
ception. The gallofa weafell is a very excellent and effectuall remedy againftthe venom
or poyfon ofafpes, beingtakeninany kindof drink. The yard of a weafell, Hart, or Doc,
being dryed, beaten to powder, andtaken in wine or any other drink, is an excellent me-
dicine for the curing of the bites or flings offerpents. The yard of a weafell or Ferret, is
commendedfora very excellent remedy agajnit the ftrangury, or difeafe calledthe col-
like and tone. The ftonesofa male weafelljorthe fecret parts ofa female weafel, is repor-
ted by fometo be very medicinable for the curing of the falling fickneffe. The ftones ofa
weafell being bound vnto any part ofe woman while fhe is in trauaile of child birth,doth
2o altogether hinder her from her deiiuery. By the left ftone of a Weatell being bound ina
piece of a muleshid, there is a certaine medi cine made,which being drunkeby any YVo-
man not being with child, caufeth barrenneffe, as alfo by Women being with child hard
and griebious paine in delivery. The efficacy or force in them, haue the ftones ofa Wea-
fel being cut offin the change of the Moone, and he fuffered to go away aliue, being tyed Kiranides
vpen any part ofa woman in the hide of a Mule. The heele ofaiiuing weafell being taken
away and bound vnto a weman, doth make her that fhe fhallnot conceive folong asfhee
fball fo beare it. The powder of a dogs head dryed, being put into any broken or exulce-
rated fores, deth eat away al the corruption or dead flefh encreafing therein. The fame
vertue hath the powder of weafels dung, being víed in the faid manner, |
e ThedungofMice or ofa weafell, being anointed vpon the head, isan excellent reme-
40
sc
dy for thefalling offof the haire on the head, orany other part ofmans body, and doth
alfo cure the difeafe called by fome the Foxes euill. The biting ofa weafell is reported by
fometo be very venomous, and in his rauening or madneffe, notte beleffehurtfullchen
thebitings of mad dogs. For weafels and Foxes are very often mad . But Arzeldus isofa Avicenua
contrary epinion, andaffirmeth that the weafelldoth more hurt by his biting,then by any
venom hecan put forth. Othersalío doc affirine, that thereis venom in weafels, for this
caufe, that in all kind of Weafels when they are angry ,the force of their fell is fo ranke
and ftrong. The beft way to driue away Mice, is by fcattering the powder of weafels or
cats dung vpand downe, the fàuour whereof Mice canot abide, but the fame being made
into fome certainekind of bread will {mell moreftrongly. That the bites of a weafellare
venomous and deadly, there isan example writen by Ariffides, of a certaine man, who
being bitten by a weafell, and ready to die, gauea great figh,and faid that if he had dyed
by a Lyonor Panther, it would neuer haue grieued him, butto dye by thebiting offuch
an ignoble beaft, it grieued him worle then hts death. Thebiting of aweafell, doth bring |,
very quicke and gricuous paine, whichis onely knowne by the colour, being dusky or ble-
with : and it iscured by onions and garlike, either applyed outward or taken indrinke, fo
that the porty drinke {weet wine. thereon. Vnripe figs alfo mingled with the flower of the.
eraine called Orobes,doth much profit the fame. Treacle in like manner,being applyed in
the manner ofa plaifter,{peedily cureth them.Garlike being mingled with fig tree leaues
and cynamon, and fo beatentogether,are very wel applyed to thefaidebites. Itcom-
raeth alfo to paffe, that fometimesthe weaf: el biteth fome cattel, which prefently killeth
them, exce»t ther be fome inftant remed y. The remedy for itis this, to rubbe the woun-
ded place with a piece of a weafels skin wel dryed vatilic waxe hot, and in the meane time
giuethe beaft Treacleto drinke in the manner ofanantidote . The Weafel vfually biteth
cowes dugs, which when they are (wollen if they be rubd with a VVefels skin they are in-
ftantly healed. Vvv And
Sextus
Phiny
>
>
eLginett a
ee ee — pape D tiani
— — " — = ao = = —— 2
T ku reu oL ED = = ie = Aa ra EA
= sae a eee uc x p pu a Cr == =
SSS
ee
oe
a a idit cie
aS SS =
ee s
T ia^ Tr cin a ecrit Rm
E -
SS 4
ae o
a
c
—MÀÁ
734 OF THE WODFE.
Wolfe iscal
fed in Hebru
The feueral Zeb, ag iv is {aide
MEN iü Gen.49. anda-
mong the Chalde™ '
ans Deebs,8¢ Deba
ámong the Arabi-
aus Dib. Thefem-
-. 8leis called Zebab
" aíhewolfe ,& the
mafculin Zeebin ===
but in Ezek. 22. it
iscald zebeth,that |
istofay, a wolfe. A//ebha(faith And. Bellun.) is a commen name for al Fourfooted-beafts,
which do feton men, killing and tearing them in pieces, deuouring them with their teeth
: and clawes,asa Lyon, a wolfe,a Tiger,and fuch like,wheron they are faid to haue the be-
— hauiour of Alfebha,that is wilde beaftes which arefierce and cruel. From hence happily
commeth it, that not onely Albertus, butalfo fome ignorant writers doe attributevnto a |
wolfe many things which Ari/fotle hath vttered concerning a Lyon. 1
Oppianus among the other kind of wolues hath demonftrated one which is bred in Cilicia.
Andalfo he doth writethat itis called in the mountaines of Taurus and Awanns, Chryfeom,
that isto fay, durewm, but | conie&ure that in thofe places it was cald afterthe language
ofthe Hzbrews or Sirians which do cal Sahab, or Schab aurum and Secb lupum fora wolf,
or Dahab, or Debah, for Aurum.: They alfo do cal Deeb or Deeba fora wolf. Db (otherwife
Dyb) isan Arabian or Saracenican word : Alfothetranflation ofthis worde in the bookeof
medicines is diuers as Ad:b, Adip, Adhip,and Aldip: but I haue preferred the laft tran-
flation, whichalfo Bellunenfis doth vfe. Aldip alambat doth fignifiea mad or furious wolfe.
The wolfe which Oppiazus doth cal Auveum,as I haue faid euennow, doth feemteagree
to this kinde, both by fignification of the name Amram, andalfo by the nature becaufeit 3°
doth go vndera dog clofe to rhe earth to efchew the heat of the fummer, which Oppianus
doth write, doth feeke his foode out of hollowe places,asa Hyznaor Dabh doth out of
graues wherethe deade menare buried. The golden coloured wolfeisalfo more rough
& hairy thentherefidue,euen as the Hyzna is faidtoberough and maned.And alfo thefe
wolues necks in vdia are maned, butit differeth according to the nation and colour where
— thereareany wolues atal. .
Lycosawolteamong the Grecians,and Lugos,and Lueainia,and Lycos,among fome
of the Arabican writers is borrowed from them.as Mus/fer hath notedin his lexicon of 3.
languages.In Italy itis called Lupo. In French Loup, in Spaine Lobo, in Germany Valf,in
England Wolfe.In Illyria Valk as it were by a tranfpofition of the letters of the greek word
Now becaufe both men, women, citties,places, mountains,villages,and many artificial] T4
"The notatió inftrurnents haue their names from the Latine and Greek words of this beaft itis not vain
4 a and or jdleto touch both them and the deriuation of them, before we proceed to the natural
di ftorie of this beaft.Zupusas fomefay in Larineis Oua/? leopos, Lyon-footed; becaufe that
| it refembleth a Lyoa in his feet,and therefore Zs/dorm writeth, that nothing liweth that ic
preffeth or treadeth vpon in wrath. Other deriue it from Jukes the light ,becaufein the twi-
Namedapel- light of the evening or morning it deuoureth his prey, auoiding both extreame light as
lanuesdeti- the noone day, andalfo extreame darkneffe as the night. The Grzcians doalfecal them
wed from a : . : -
welfe. NyFerinei kanes, dogs of thenight.Zupa and [upula were the names of noble deuouringe
Harlots,and from thence conameth Zupanar forthe ftewes. Itis doubtful whether the
nurfe of Romulus and Remus werea harlot or fhe Wolf, I ratherthinke it was a harlotthen
a Wolfe that nurfed thofe children. For we read of the wife of roffulw which was called
Laurentia, after fhe had plaied the vvhore with certaine (hepheardes was called Lupa.
Inal Nations thereare fome mens names deriued from wolues therfore vve read of La-
p#saroman poet,Lupus Seruatus a prick or Elder, of Lupus de olixeto a Spanith Munke,
_ Of Falvias lupin usa Roman,and the Germans hauc Valf,Vulfe Hart Vulfegang,
Aefc nlapins.
NZZZ
M NN
——
llr
/,
(f
b^ E tk ?
Of the Wolfe.
The Gracians haue Lyedmbes ,of whom itis reported hehad a Daughter called Aeobole,
which he promifed in marriageto Archilochus the Poet, yet afterwardes he repented and
wou!de not performe his promife, for which caufe the Poct wrote againfthim many bit-
ter verfes, andtherefore Lycambes when he cameto knowledge of them, dyed for griefes
Lycaon was a common name among the Gre cians for many men,as Lycaon Gnotins,an exe
cellent maker of edged tooles. Zicaew the brother of Ne/for another the fon of Priamus
flaineby Achilles, bucthe famous and notorious among all was Lyeaon,the king of Arca-
dia thefon of Titan and the earth whofe Daughter Cali//o was deflowercd by Jupiter,and
by Zeno turned into a beare,whom afterwards Jupiter pittying, placed for a fign inheauen,
10 and of whom Virgil madethisverfes — Pleiadas, Hyadas , claram, Lycaonis arcion,
Ther was another Zyeaon thefon of Pelafgus, which built the Citty Zyeofura, inthe Moun-
taine Lyeans, this man called Jupiter Lyc#us.On atime he facrificed an infant vpon his al-
tar,after which facrifice he was prefenily turnedintoa wolfe. Ther was another Zyeses after
him, who did likewife facrifice another child, and it was faid that he remained ten yearsa
wolfe, afterwards becam a man again wherof the reafon was giuen,that during thetime
he remaineda beaft he neuer tafted of mans flefh,but if he had tafted therof he fholdhaue
remaineda beaft for euer . Imightadde hereunto Lychophron, Lycaftus, Lycimuius, Lyfi~
nus, Lychomedes, Lycurgus , Lycas and of womens names , 262; Lyce, Lycaftey Lycoris, Ly-
cias, and many fuch others, befides the names of people,as Zrpini, of Mountaines & pla-
4o Ces, as Lycaberus, Lycens, Lycerna, Lycacnia, Lycafpus , Lyceum Aviftotles {choole. Of flouds
and Riuers, as Lycus, Lycormas. Of plants, as woltebane, Lupum falicfarium lupigus 1 yean-
theum, Lycophrix,Lycophone, Lycop[is, Lycofeytalion , and many fuch others, whereof I haue
onely defired to giue the Readera taft, following thefame Method that we haue obferued
in other beafls : Aud thus much (bail fuffice to haue fpoken of the names of this beaft.
The countries breeding wolues, are for the moft part thefe that follow. The inhabitants
of Creet were wont to fay, that there was neither wolues, Beares,nor Vipers cold be bred
in their Mand.becaufe Jupiter was borne there,yet there is ina city called Lyca/tns, (fo na-
med for the multitude of wolues that were abiding therein ) Icis likewifeafirmed of Sar-
dinia,and Olimpus a Mountaine of Macedonia, that there comeno Wolues inthem. The
30 wolues of Egypt are leffer then the wolues of Greece, for they exceede not the quantity of
Foxes. A ffrita likewife breedeth {mall wolues, they abound in Arabia, in Swenia, Rbatia,
Athefis,and the earldome of Tirol in Mufcouia, efpecially that part that bordereth vppon
Lithuania.The woluesof Seanzia,by reafon of extremity of cold in thofe parts are blind &
loofe their cies:there are no wolues bred in Lambardy beyond the Alpes, & ifany chance
to come into that countrey, prefently they ring their bels, and arme themfelues againft
them, neuer giuing ouertill they hauc killed him, or droue him out of thecountrey. In
Norway thereare 3-kind of wolues,andin Seazdtzasza the wolues fight with Elkes. It is re-
ported that therare wolues in Italy, who when they looke vpon a man,caufe him tobe fi-
lent, that hee cannot fpeake, The French-men call thofe VVolues which haue eaten of the
5 flefh ofmen Encharnes.Among the Crotoniate in Meotis,& diners other parts ofthe world,
wolues do abound: there are fome few in France, but none at alin England, except fuch
as are kept in the Tower of London tobe feenc by the Prince and people brought out of
other countries, where there fell outa rare accident, namely, a maftine dog was limedto
a fhe wolfe,and fhe thereby conceiuedand brought furth fixe or feuen young Whelpes,
which wasin theyeare of our Lord 1605. orthere abouts.
There are diuers kinds of wolues inthe world , whereof Oppianwsin his admonition to
fheapheards maketh mention of fiue,the fir(t is a fwiftwolfe;and runneth faft,calledthere-
fore Toxeuter, that is, Sagitarius a footer. The fecondkind are called Harpages,and thefe
ate the ercateftraueners.to vvhom ourfauieur Chrift in the gofpell compareth falfe pro-
hets,when hefaith, Take heed of falfe prophets which come vnto you infheeps clothing but are
inwardly Lycoy harpages yauening wolues,and thefe excel in this kind. The third kind is cald
Lupus aurens ya golden wolfe, by reafon of his colour,thenthey make mention ef wo o-
ther kinds, (called Acmona) and one of them peculiarly 7cFinus,
"Ehe firftvvhichis fvviftjhatha greater head then other vvolues,and likewife greater legs
Contries
breeding
yrolues,
The feuerall
kinds of
wolues,
fitted to run, whitefpots on thebelly; round members, his colour betwixt red & yellovv ;.
Vvv 2 heis
ete
736
Oppiautis
I
E
1
I
ji
i]
1
ul Wolues àre
uU not wilde
n
^ dogges,
igi
i l
b
A b
| "M
i The voyces
i fe ah of wolues,
hu
j
E
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
is very bold, howleth fearefully,hauing firy-flaming cies , and continually wigging his
head. Thefecond kind hatha greaterand larger body then this, being {wifter then all o-
thersbetimes in the morning he being hungry, goeth abroad to hunt his prey, the fides
and taileare ofafiluer colour, he inbabiteth the Mountaines, except in the wintertime,
wherein he defendeth to the gates of Citties or Townes, and boldly withoutfeare killeth
both Goates and (heepe, yet by ftealth and fecretly.
Thethirdkind inhabiteth the white Rocks of Taurus and Sylicia, or the tops of the hill
Aneanus, and fuch other (harp and inacceffible places,being worthily for beauty prefer-
red before the others, becaufe of his Golden refplendant haires : and therefore my Au-
thor faith: Non lupus fed lupe preftantior fera. Thar he is nova wolfe, but fome wildeBeaft !
excelling a wolfe. Heis exceeding ftrong, efpecially being able with his mouth and teeth
to biteafundernotonly (tones, but Brafleand Iron: Hefeareth the Dog ftir and heate
of fummer,reioycing more in cold then in warme weather, therfore in the Dog daies he
hideth himfelfe in {ome pit or gaping ofthe earch, vntillthat funny heat be abated, The
fourth and fift kinds are cald by one common name Acumone, now Acmon fignifieth an E-
gle, or elfean Infirument with a fhort neck, & it may be that thefeare fo called in refem-
biance of the rauening Eagle, or elfe becaufe their bodiesarelike vo that iofirument, for
they haue (hort necks, broad (Foulders, rough Legsand feet, and fmall fnouts, and little
eies: herein they differ one kind from the other ,becaufe chat one of them hath a backe of
afiluer colour, and a white belly, and the lower part of the feet blacke, and this is Zé£isus
canus a gray Kite-wolfe:the other is black,hauing a lefler body, his haire ftanding continu-
ally vpright , and lineth by hunting of Hares. Now generally al Authors do make fome
two, ome 3. fome 4.andfome fiuekinds of Wolues, all which is needlefic for meto pro -
fecute,and therefore I will content my felfe, with the only naming of {ach differences as
are obferued in them and already expreffed, except the Thoes and the fea-wolfe, of whona
there fhal befomthing faid particularly in the end of this Hiftory.Olaus Magnus writeth,
in his Hiftory ofthe Northerne regions, that in the Mountaines cald Deffrint, which doe
deuidethekingdoms of Swetiaand Norway, there are great flockes or heardes of wolues
of white colour, whereof fome wanderin the Mountaines,and fome in the vallies . | "They
feed vponlittle, fmall, and weake creatures, butthereare alfo wild common wolues; who
lie in waite to defroy their heards of cattell,and flocks offheep;againft whom the people
of the country do ordaine general huntings, taking more care to deftroy the young ones
then the old, that fothe breedersand hope of continuance may be taken away. And fome
alfo do keepe of the whelps aliue, (hutting of them vp clofeand taming them, efpecially
females, who afterwards engender with dogs, whofe Whelpesarethe moft excellent kee-
ets of flocks, and the moft enimies to wolues ofall other,
There be fome haue thought that Dogs ana VV olues are one kind ;namely, that vulgar
Dogs are tame Wolues, and sauening wolues are wilde dogs. But Scaliger hath learned-
ly confuted this opinion, fhewing thatthey are two difting kinds;not ioyned together in
nature, nor in any naturall ation, except by conftraints for he faith, that there are diuers
wilde dogs are not wolues, and {o haue continued for many yearesina hill cald Mowztfal..
con altogether refufing the foctety and feruice of men, yeafometimes killing and eating
them; and they baue neither the face, nortbe voyce, nor the flature;uor thecondicions
ofwolues, for in their greateft extremity ofhunger, they neuerfet.vpon flocks of (heep:
zo
30
4o
fo that it is vnreafonable to affirme, that wolues are wilde dogs, althoughit muftneeds be
confeffed that in outward proportion they are very like vnto them. Some haue thought
that wolues cannot bark, but that is falfe (as Albertus writethy vpon his owne knowledge,
the voice of wolues is called alatus howling, according tothefe verfes ;
Afi lupus ipfe vlulat frendet agveffis aper ,
Andagaine :
Per nottem re[onare lupis, vlulantibus vrbes.
It fhould feeme thatthe word //glatus, which the Germans tranflate Hewlen, the French
Hurler,and we in Englifh,howling ,is deriued either from theimitation ofthe beafts voice;
ox from a night whooping Bird called Vlula, I will not contend, but leauethe Reader to
either of both, for it may be that it commeth from the Greek word, Olole zein, which fig-
. nifieth
5d
of the Wolfe. 737
nifiethto mourne and howle after a lamentable manner, and fo indeed wolues doe neuer
howle, but whenthey are oppreffed with famin : And thus I leaue the difcourfe of their
voyce with the annotation of Seruius :Wlulare canum eff ce furiare.To howle is the voyce
of dogs and furies. Although there be great difference of colours in wolues, as already 1
haue thewed, yecmoft commonly they are gray and. hoary; thatis , white mixed with e-
ther colours,and therefore the Graecians in imitation therof,do cal their twie-light which
is betwixt day and night, as it were participating of black and white Litophos ,woite-light,
becaufe the vpper fide of the wolues haireis browne, and the neather part white. Itisfaid,
that the fhaggy haire ofa wolfeis full of virmin and wormes ;andit may well be,for it hath
beene proued , thatthe skin ofafheep which was killed by a wolfe, breedeth wormes.
10. Thebraipesof a wolfe do decreafeand encreafe with the Moon, and their cies are yel-
low black ,and very brighe, fending forth beames likefire;& carryinginthemapparant on at
tokens of wrath and mallice; and for this canfe iris faid they fee betterin the night then in patch v
the day, being herein vnlike vnto men,that fee berterin theday chen in the night, for rea-
fon giveth light to their eyes,and appetite to beafts,and therforeofancienttimethe wolfe |
was dedicated to the Sun, for the quicknefle of his feeingfeace sand becaufe he feeth far.
And füchasis the quickneffe of his fence in feeing;fuch alfo itis infinelling,for it isrepor- Cocke
ted, thatin time of hunger by the benefit ofthe wind, hee finelleth his preya mile anda 5/755
halfe or two mile off: for theirteeth they are called Chareharedontes that ts fawed,yet they
are (imooth, (harp, and vnequall,and therefore bite deepe, as we haue fhewedalready for
this caufethe (harpeft bits of horfes are called Zupata.
All beafts that are deuowrers of flefh docopen their months wide, that they may bite
more firongly,and efpecially the wolfe. The necke ofa wolfeftandeth ona firaight bone
that canot well bend;tberefore like the Hyana; when he would looke backwards hemuft
turne roundabout, the fame necke is fnort which ar euetha trecherous nature. lt is faide
thar if theheart ofa wolfebekep: dry;it rendreth a moft fragrant or {weet {melling fauor;
Theliuer ofa VVolfeis like to ahorfes hoofe, and in the blather there 1s founda certaine
{tone cald syrites, being in colour like Saffronor Honny, yet inwardly centaine certaine
weake fhiniug ftars : this isnotthe {tone called syriacus or Indiacus, whichis defired for
the vertue of it againft the ftonc inthe blather: ‘The foréfeet haue fiue diftin& towes, and
30 the hinder feet but 4. becaufe the forefeetferuc in flead of hands, in Lyons,dogs, wolues,
and Panthers. VVe haue fpoken already of their celerity in running, and therefore they
are not compared to Lions which go foot by foot, but vnto the fwifteft Dogs . Itisfayd
they will fwim, and go inte the watertwo by two; cuery onehanging vpon anothers taile,
which they takein their mouthes, and therefore they are comparedto the daies ofthe
"rM
yeare, which do fucceffiuely followone another, being therfore called Lucabas. For by At s eu. |
this fücceffiue fwimming they are better firengthned again impreffion of the flouds,and
notloftinthe waters by any overflowing waues or billowes. "Greatis the voracity of this
beaft, for they are fo infatiable that they deuoure haireand bones with the fle(he which The meat &
they eat, for which caufe they render it whole againe iti their excrements; and therefore inue d
49 they neuer grow fat.Itwas well yd ofa learned man: Lapas vorat potias quam commedit
carnes, > pauco vtitur potu. That is, A wolfe is rathertorauen then to eat his meat. VVhen
they are hungry they rage much, & although they be nourilhed tame, yet can they nota-
bide any mantolook vponthem while they eats when they ate once faciffied, they endure e£hanus
hunger a great time, for their bellies ftandeth out, their tongue fwellech,, their mouth is Philes
ftopped, for when they haue droue away their hunger with aboundance of meate, they
are unto men and beafls as meeke as lambs,tilthey be hungry again neither arethey mo
uedtorapine shough theygo through aflockoffheep:but in (hort time after,their bellies | NM
^ androngueare calling for more imeatjand thet faith mine Author. J# antigua ifrigra vedit, 4^ De
iterumque lupasexiflit. Tint is, They returnero their former conditions, and become ^ MM
? asrauening as they were beforesNeither ought this to feem ftrange vnto any man for the
like things are formerly reported ofthe Lyon; nd itis{aid that vvoluesare moft dange-
roustobe metvvithal tovvards the eueníng;becaufe of their fafting al theda y before,and
for this isallcdged the faying of holy {cripturé vvherethe prophets make mention of Lupi
Feflertint)butvve haus (hevvedalrcady inthe flory of the Hyzna,vvhat chofe fignifie. :
Wit VES dE. f
wu
A “4
Sn eee
alae
Sain
Le
xm o
Alberttiss
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
- Iris aid thacWVolaes doe alfo eate akind of earth called 27/4 , whichthey doe not
for hunger, butte make their bellies waigh heauy,to the intent that when they fet vpon
2 Horfle, an.Oxe, a Hart, an Elke, or fome fuch firong beaít, they may waighthe heaui-
ér,and hang faftat cheir throates ull they haue pulled them downe, for by vertue of that
tenetious earth, their teeth are tharpened, and the waight of their bodies encreafeds but
w henthey haue killed the beaft that they fet vpon,before they touch any part of his fleth,
by akind of natural vomit,chey difgorge themfelues,and empty their bellies of the earth,
as vnprofitable food. !
‘The remainder of their meate they alwaies couer inthe earth: and if therebe many 1o
ofthem in hunting together, they equally deuide the prey among them all, and fome-
times itis faide, thatthey. howle and call their fellowes to that featt which are ablent, if
their prey be plentifull.. Now this they haue common with Lyons, in their greateft ex-
tremity of hunger, that when they haue election ofa man anda beaft , they forfakethe
Manandtakethe Beatt .'; Someare of opinion, thatwhen they are oldethey grow weary
of theirliues jandthat thereforethey come vnto Citties and Villages, offering them-
felues to be killed by men, butthis thing by therelation of Nsphus isa very fables for hee
profeffeth that hefaw an old. VVolfe come intoa Villageyand fet vpona Virgin to deftroy
and eate her, yethe was fo old that he had fcarfeany teeth in his head, but by good hap
company being at hand, the maid was faved, and che VVolfe was killed.
Nowthofe Wolues that are moft fluggith and leaft giuen to hunting, are moftready 29
to venture vpon men, becaufe they louemorto take much, paines in getting their lining :
This Wolfe is called Fzwipeta;butthe induftrious Hunting Wolfe Kunegei/eia. It isrepor-
tedchata YWolfe will neuer venture vpona lining man, except hehaue formerly tafted of
the de(h ofa dead man, butof theferhings I haue no certainety, but rather doe beleeue
the contrary that like as Tyrants in an euill grieued eftate, do pick quarrels againít euery
man thatis rich for the fpoyle oftheir goods, accounting them their enimies, how well
foeuer they hauedefervedat cheir hades. In like manner, Wolues in the time of their
hunger fall vponall Creatures that come inthe way, whether they be Men or Beaftes,
without partiality to fill heir bellies,andthat efpecially in the winter time, wherein they
are not afraid to come to houfesand citties; a
They deuoure Dagges when they get them alone, and Elkes in thekingdomeofNor- -
way, but for Dogges it hath beene feene; that they haue liued'in akind of fociecy and fel-
lowfhip with Wolves, butit was toftealeand deuoure inthe nighttime; like as, Theeues
do couertheir mal'iceandfecret grudges one to other,whenthey are going aboutto rob
true men « \WWoluesareenimiesto Affes, Bulles; ahd Foxes, forthey feede vppon their
flefn, andthereis no Bealttharthey take more eafily thea an Affe, killing hiniwithout
all daunger,as we haue (hewed already in the ftory of an Affe.
~: They alfo-deuoure Goates and Swyne of all fortes, exceptBores, who doe not eafily
veald vnto VVolues . Iis {aid that a Sow hath refifted a Wolfe, and that whenhe figh-
teth with her; beeis forced to vie his greate ft craft and futtelty, leaping to.and from her
with his befhadtinitys leaf fhe fhouldlay her teeth vpon him,and fo at onetime deceiue 4°
bim of his prey,and-depriue him of bislife .. Itis reported ‘of one thar fawa VVolfe ina
Wood, take in his mouth a peeceof Timberof fome thirty er forty pound waight, and
withthathe did praétife to feape ouer thetrunke ofa treethat lay vponthe earthsatlength
when heperceived his own ability and dexterity inleaping with that waight in his mouth,
he did there: make his caue andlodged behinde that tree 5 at laft it forrunedthere camea
wild Sowto feckefor meatalong by thattree, with divers of her pigs following her, of
differentage,fomea yeare old; fome halfea yeare, and fome leffe., When hefawthens
neare him, he fuddenly fet vpon one of them, which he conieQured was aboutthe waite
of Woed which he carried in his mouth;and when he hadtaken him; whilefttheold Sow
cameto deliver her pigat his firfterying, he fuddenly leaped ouer. the tree with the pig in 5?
his mouth, and fo was the poore Sow beguiled of her young one; for (necould not leape
after him, and yet might ftand and feethe Wolfe.toeate the ipigge which hee hadtaken
fromher, Itisalfofayd, that when they will deceiue Goates, they come vnto them with
the greene leaues and fmall boughes of Ofiers in their mouthes.,. wherewithal] they
2 know
of the Wel Ü. 729
know Goats aredelightedthatfothey may drawthem therewith, as to a baite to deuoure
diem.
Their manner is when they falvpon a Goat or a Hog,or fomefüch other beaft of fmal
ftature, not to kil them,butto lead themby the eare withal the {peed they can driue them
to their fellow VVolues,and if the beaftbe ftubborne and wil not runne with bim,then he
beateth his hinder parts wich his taile,in the mean time holding his ear faft inhis mouth,
whereby be caufeth the poore beaft to runas faft orfafter chen himfelfe vntothe place of
his owne execution, where he findeth a crew of ranening Wolues to entertaine him,who
at his firfl appearance feize vpon him,and like Diuels teare him in peeces ina moment,
leaving nothing vneaten but onely his bowels,
10 —_ But if ir be afwine that is fo gotten, thenit is {aid that they lead bim to the waters and
there kilhim, for ifthey eat him not out of cold wattr, their teeth doth burne with an va-
tolerable heat. The Harts when they haueloft their hornes doelie in fecret, feeding by
night for feare of the Wolues vatil their hornes do growagaine which are their cheefett
defence: The leat kind of VVolues we haue fhewed already, doeliue vpponthe hunting
of Hares, and generally al of them are enemiesto fheepe, for the foolifh theep in the day
timeiscafily beguiled by the Wolfe,whoatthe fight ofthe fheepe maketh an extraordi-
nary noife with his foot, whereby he calleth the foolifh fheepe vnto him s for ftanding a-
mazedat the noife he falleth into his mouthand is devoured: but whenthe Wolfe in the
nighttimé commeth vnto afolde of fheep,he firft of al compafleth it round about,watch>
ing both the Shepheard andthe Dogge, whether they be afleepe or awake, for ifthey be
pretentandlikero refift, then he departeth without dooing any harme, burifthey beab-
fentor afleepe, then loofeth he no opportunity, but enterethinto the foldy:and falleth a
killing, neuer giuing ouer til he haue deftroyed al, except hebehindered bythe approch zz:
of one or other; for his manneris not to eat any til he nauekilledal, not becaufehee tea- ed/bertus,
reth the ouer livers wil tel tales, but for that his infatiable mind thinketh he can neuer bee
fatisfied, and then when alarefhine he fallethito eat one of them. /
Now although therebe great difference betwixthim anda Bulboth in ftrengthand fta-
ture, yet is he not affraid to aduenture combattrufting in his policy morethen his vigor,
for when hefetteth vpon a Bul, hecommeth not vpon the front farfeare ofhis hornes,
30 noryetbehind him for feare of his hecles ; butfirft ofal ftandetha Ioofe fromhimy with |
his glaring eyes, daring and prouoking the Bul; making often profers, to come neere vn- VETAT
to him, yet is wife enough to keepealoofeiill hefpy his aduaóüntage;and then he leapeth
fuddenly vpon the backe ofthe Bulla: the one fide,and being foafcended, taketh fuche
hold that he killeth the beaftbefore heloofen his teeth. It is alfo worththeobferuation;
how he draweth vnto him a Calfe that wandereth from the dam, for by fingular treache-
tie he taketh him by the nofe, firft drawing him forwardesand then the poore beaft firi«
ueth and draweth backward, andthusthey ftrugele togither, one’ pulling one way and
the other another, till at la ftthe Wolfe perceiving aduantage;atid feeling when the calfe
pullethheauyeft, fuddenly he letteth go his hold, whereby the poore beaftfalleth backe
49 vpon his buttocks;and fo downeright vpon hisbacke; then flyeth the Wolfeto his bel
ly whichis then his vpperpart, and ealily ceareth out his bowels. fo fatisfieng his hungers
greedy appetite: But ifthey chanceto fee a Bealtia the water, orin the mar(h j emcom-
bred with mirestheyscome roundabout him, topping vpalthe paflages whese he thold
come out; bayirig arliim, andthreatninghim, foasthe poore diftreffed'Oxe plungeth
himfel(é many times over head and ears, or at'thelea(t wife they fo vex him inthe mire;
thar they neuer (uffer him to comie-out alive, i ie uw
~iAthafiwhenthey perceiuehim to be dead and cleane without lifeby fuffocations
It is notable coobferue their fin gular fubtilty to drawe him out of the mire, whereby
they may-eat him; for one ofthem goeth injand taketh the beaft by the taile;who draweth
5? withal the power he can for wie without firength may better kilaliue Beaft,then remoue
4 dead oneourofthe mire :thereforé he looketh behind him and calleth for more helpe,
then prefently another of the wolves taketh that firftwolues tail ii his mouth; and a third
wolfe the feconds, afourth the thirds, a fift the fourth, and fo forward, encreafing theyr
ftrength, vntil they haue pulledchobeaft out into the dry lande : whereby you may i
OW
20
—
—-—
CI miei
—— IRE
eani a Se
me
Saas ch
aE
ee
a ert
E
ER
cm
TT?
The harm of
Wolucs
Ores
A hiftery.
len deftroy
ed by wolues
The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beajfts.
how theytormentand ftretch their owne bodies, biting their tailes mutually, pinching
and {training euery ioynt vnul they haue compafled their defire,and thatno man fhoid
thinke itflrange fora Wolfeco kilan Oxe,Itis reported that Damaus did build a temple
to Apollo at Argos, inthe very fame place where he fawa Wolfe deftroy an Oxe; becaufe
he receiued inftru&ion thereby, that he (houldbeking of Greece. VV olues arealfo ene-
mies to the Buffes, and thisis no macuaile, feeing that itis confidently reported by Ael-
anus, that in time of great famine when they get no meat, they deftroy one another; for
when they meet together, cach one bemoaning himfelfe to other, as it were by confent
thev run round ina circlejand that VVolfe which is firft giddy, being not ableto ftande, 1o
é
falleth downeto the ground, and is deuoured by the refidue, for they teare him in pee-
ces, before they can arife againc.
Pliny affirmeth thatthere be Wolues in Italy,whofe fight is hurtfull to mev,for when
aman feeth one of them, though he haue never fo much defire to cry out, yet hee hath
fio power : but the meaning of this is, as we find in other writers, that if a Wolfe firft fee
a man, the man is filent, and cannot {peake, but ifthe man fee the Wolfe, the VV olfeis
filent and canot cry, otherwife the tale is fabulousand füperftitious,and thereupon came
the prouerbe Lupus ip fabula eff, to fignifie filence. Now although thefe things are repor-
ted by Plato, Ruellivs, Vincentius ,& Ambros, y et rather beleeue them to be fabulous thé
true, howbeit Albertus wtiteth, that when a man isin fuch extremity, if he haue power but
to loofe his cloke or garment fromhis backe, he fhal recouer his voice again.And Sextus 2°
faith, thatin cafe one of thele Woluesdo feea man firft, if hehaue about him thetip of
a wolues taile he (hal not neede to feare anieharme. There be anumber of fuchlike tales
concerning wolues and other ereatures, (as that of Pithagoras) A beaft making watervp-
onthe vrine ofa wolfe, (hal neuer conceiue with young. Alldomeftical Foure-footed-
beafts, which {ee the eie of a wolfe in the hand ofa man, wil prefently feare and runnea-
way.
" the taile ofa wolfe be hung inthe cratch of Oxen,they can neuer cat their meate. If
a horfe tread vpon thefoote-(teps ofawolfe whichis vndera Horfe-man or Rider, hee
breaketh in peeces, or elfe ftandeth amazed. Ifa wolfe treadeth in the footfteppes of a
horfe which draweth a waggon, he cleaueth faft in the rode, asif he were frozen.
Ifa mare with foale tread vponthe foorfteps ofa wolfe, fhe cafteth her foal, and there
forethe Egyptians when they fignifieabortment, dee pí&ure a mare treading vppona
wolues foot. Thefe and fuch other things are reported, (but I cannot tell howtrue) as fu-
pernaturalaccidentsin wolaes.The wolfé alfo laboureth to ouercome the Leoparde;and
followeth him from placeto place, butforafmuchasthey dare notaduenture vpon him
fingleorhandto hand, they gather multitudes and fo deuoure them. VVhcn wolues fet
vpon wilde Bores, although they bee at variance amonge themfelues, yetthey gine ouer
their mutual combats,and ioyne together againftthe VVolfetheir common aduerfarie.
For thefe occafions a wolfe hath euermore bin accounted a moftfyerceand wilde beaft,
as may further appeare by this Hiftorie following. VVhen Eurifimesand Procles intended
30
to marie the Daughters offome Graecian, that fo they might ieyne themfelues in perpe- 49
cual league andamity by affinity, they went to Delphos to aske counfelof Apollo in what
place they fhould meet with their wiues.
Apollogaue them an{were, that when they fhould meet with an extreame wild beaft,
asthey went into Lacedemonia, and yet thefame beafte appeare meckeand gentle vnto
them, there they fhould take their wiaes. VVhen they came into the land ofthe Cleonians.
they met with a wolfe carryinga lambein his mouth, whereuponthey conceiued that
the meaning of Apollo was; that when they met with a wolfe in that country, they might
very happily and fuccefsiuely take them wines, and fothey did, for they married with
the daughters of Thefander Cleonimus a verie honeft man of that countrey.. Itis repor-
ted of Mile Crotaniata that valiant ftrong manjhow vpon a feafon rending atreein funder 5?
inthewoods, one of hisarmes was taken in the clofing of the tree,& he had not ftrength
enough toloofe it againe, but remained there inclofed in moft herrible torments vntill
awolfe cameand deuoured him,
| : m. The
Io
20
my
49
5°
Of the Wolfe. | 741
The like ftory vnto this, is that which Aelian reporteth of Gelonthe Syracufan,a{chol-
ler, vnto whome therecame a Wolfe
tooke the writing tables out of his han
as hefatinthe fchoole writing on his abies, and Celius.
d. The {choolemaifter being inraged heerewith, Tzetzes,
andknowing himfelfe to bea valiant man, tooke hold of the fametables in the VVolues
mouth, andthe V Volfe drew the maif
ter and fchollers in hope ofrecouery ofthe tables
out ofthe fchoole into a plaine field, where fodainely hee deftroyed the ichoole-maifter
anda huadered{chollers, {paring nonebut Gelon, whofe tables were a baite forthat prey,
for hee was not onely not (làine, but preferued by the VVolfeto the fingular admiration
ofal the worlds whereby it was collect
ed, that that accident did not happen naturally but
by the oucruling hand of God ; Now for thefe occafions, asalfo becaufe that the wooll
and skin of beaftskilled by wolues, are good for nothing, (although the fleih of íheepeis
more fweeter ) are vnproficableand good for nothing. PO, The taking
Men haue bin forced to inuentand find eut many deuifes for the de(troying of wolues, o! Wolues &
for neceffity hath taught men much learning, andi? had beenea fhameful mifery to in-
dure the tyranny offuch fpoiling beaftes without labouring for refiftaun@eand revenge:
the reward of
the hunters,
fortliis caufe they propoundedalfo a reward to fuch as killed VVolues, for by the law of
Dracho, he thatkilleda young wolfe r
cciued twotalents..
Solon pref cribed that bee that brou
eceiued atallent, and he that killed an old wolfe re-
ghta VVolfealiue, (houlde receiue fiuc peeces of
mony,and hethat brought one dead, (hould receiue two. Apollo hinfclfe was: called Zy-
coctonos,a wolfe-killer,becaufe hetaught thepeople howto putaway wolues.Homer cal-
leth Appolla Lyfegenes, for that itis faide 1mme diately after hee was borne of his mother
Latona, hewas chaunged into the fhape ofa wolfe, and fo nourifhed; and for this caufé
there was the image of a wolfe fet vp at Delphos before him.
Others fay thatthe reafon of that ymage was,becaufethat when the temple of Delphos
was robbed. andthetreafure thereof hid inthe grounde, while diligent ing uifition was
made after the theeues there came a wolfand brought themto the place where thegol-
den veffels were couered in the earth, which (he pulled out with her feete. And fome fay
thatawolfe didkil the facriliger,as he lay afleepe ogthe mountaine parna[[us , hauing all
thetreafure about him and that every day (hecame downeto the gates of Delphos how-
: Ting, vntil fome of the Cittizens followed her into the mountaine, where (hee fhewed
themthe theefeandthetreafüre both together: But'l lift not to followor ftand vpon thefe
fables. The true caufe why Apollo was calied-a V Volfe-killer was;tor:that he was feinedto
bea fhepheard or Heardfinan, and therefore intouc of hiscatle to whom wolaes were c-
nemies, he did not onely kil them while he:wasaliue, butalfothey were offeredvnto him
infactifice,for wolues were fucredto Apollo, Iupiter and Mars :andtherefore wee read.of
Apollo Lycius or Leer to whom there were many temples builded and of Iupiter Lyceus
the facrifices inftituted vnto him called: Zycea, and games by the fame name. There were
other holly-dates cald Zuper cali, wherein barren women did chaftice themfelues naked
becaufethey bare no children, hoping thereby.to gainethe frutefulnefic ofthe wombe,
whereof Oud fpeaketh thus:
Excipe foecunde pafcientur verbera dextra
Tam [acer aptatum nomen habebit fani.
Propertius andfome other writersfeemeto be of the mind that chofe were firit inftituted
by Fabius Lupercusas appeareth by thefeverfes:
Verberapellitus feto[amouebat arater
Vnde licens Fabius facra lupercus babet.
And Jauenalthus:
Nec prodeft agili palmas prabere luperco.
Now concerning the manner of takin
_deuifes and gins, andfirftof alan yro
Diuers poli-
g of VVolues, the Auncients baue inuented manic «ies and in-
uentions to
n Toyle which they (tilfaften inthe earth withiron ;c wolues.
; pins
a
|
Se Qe: EE
——— M
e:
eee
TTL
SS tc e Pic
puc
EE crie KD
Lunas ap Ey png MEER trn
VH
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
pins, vpon which pins they leauea ring, being in compaffe about the bignes ofa wolues
head, in the mid& whereot they lay a peece of fle(h,and couer the Toyle,fo that nothing
is feenebut the fleíh; whenthe Wolfe commeth and taketh holdeof the flefh, feeling it
flicke, pulling hard, he pulleth vp the ring, which briageth the whole Toyle on his necke
and fharpepins. This is the firft manner that Crefcentien/is repeateth of taking Wolues,
and he faith thereare other deuifes to enfnare their feet,which the Reader cannot vader-
ftand except he fawthem with his cies.
The Italians cal the nets wherein wolues are taken, Tagliola, Harpago, Lo Rampino, and
Lyemo, the French Haufpted, and Blondus affirmeth, that the (hepheardes of /taly make a
certaine ginne with a net, wherein that part of the Wolfeis taken which is firft pat into it.
Nowthe manner of taking Wolues in ditches and pits is divers, firft of all they diga deep
ditch, fo as the wolfe being taken, may not get out of it,vpon this pitte they lay a hurdle,
and within vpon the pillar they fet a liue Goofe or Lambe, when the Wolfe windeth his
prey cr boory,he commeth vpon thetrench, and fceing itat alittle hole which isleftopen
on purpofetotaft the wolfe into the deepe ditch,and fomevfeto lay vpon it a weak hur-
dle, {ach as wil not beare vp eithera man ora beaft, thatfo when the wolfe commeth vp-
onit, it may breake,and he fal downe, but thebeft deuifein my opinion that euerwas in-
uented in this kind, is that the pertch and hurdle may be fo made, and the bait fofet, that
when one wolfe is fallen downe it may rile againe of it oneaccord, and ftand asit did be-
fore to entrap another; and great care muftbee had, that thefe kinde ofditches may bee
made in folide and ftrong earch, or if the place affoorde not thatepportunity, then-muft
theinfide belined with boords, tothe intentthat the bea(t by fcraping and digging with
his feet make no evafion. | |
The Rhatians vfc to raife vp to a Treea certaine engine like amoufe-trappe but much
greater,through whichthereis a cord where they hange a bate of fleth or pullin;or fome
fuch thing which the wolfe loueth; when he commeth vnto it, hee fuddenly fnatcheth at
it;andfopulleth the trap vpon hisowne pate-Tlle Tewcreams, Myffeans,and-T hrafeans jin-
habitants of 44a, were wont to carry £hort weapons to kil wolues, and they vfedalfothe
ftrongeft Dogges, who by theincoragementofthe hunters wouldtear thewolues inpie-
ces, for there ishardly any Dogge fo couragious, as to aduenture vppon aWolfeat fin-
gle hand. icr vied poet boss pot e
~The Doggeshaue therefore certaine collers made vnto them of leather ftuft full of
fharpyronnailsito the intent that their necks: may be fauegarded from the wolues biting.
Now Blondés faith that al hunting of Wolues with Doggs is in vaiue, except there beal-
fo fet vp certaine great nets made of {trong cords, ftretched out and ftanding as -ftiffeas
may beimmovably fafinedto thébodiesof trees, or ftrong pillars in the earth and in di-
uers places of thefenettes they muftfet boughes to couer them, tothe end the wolfe de-
fcry chem not andat either end of the net muft be madea little fheddevvith boughes to
couera man, wherein the hunter muftlodge with his {peare,readieto piercethroughthe
Wolfe when he perceiueth him inthe net, for ifthe wolfe be not inftantly wounded; hee
will deliver himfelfe and efcape, and then alfo he muft bee followed with the cry of men
and Dogges, that he may notreturne backe againe into his den, and the hunters obferue
this order in hunting ofa Wolfe, and driuing him to their nets.
VVhentheyare farre from theyr nets,they hunt them but gently,and let him go at lei-
füre, but vvhen they are clofer and nearer vntothem, they follovv them vvithal fpeed and
violence, for by that meanesmany are intrapped and fuddenly lalled and thefeare thofe
hunting obferuations which I find to be recorded in Authors forthe taking of VVolues.
And this isthe nature of this beaft, that he feareth nokind of weapon,except a ftone, for
ifa ftonébe caftat him,he prefently falleth downe toauoide the ftr oke, for it is faide that
in thatplace of his body where he is wounded bya ftone, there are bred certaine wormes
which doekill and deftroie him; and therefore the Egyptians vvhen they doe deciphera
man that feareth an eminent danger, they pi&urea vvolfeand a ftone ; as Orus vvriterh.
Wolues do likevvifefeare fire euen as Lyons doe, and thereforethey vvhich trauellin
woods andfecret placesby night, vvherein there is anie fufpicion of meeting of VVolues,
they carry withihema coople of &ints, where withall they firike fire, inthe approach E
: the
IO
30
52
a
-
zt
»
-
‘
of the Wolfe.
the ráuehing beaft which fo dazleth his'ciés,& danteth his courage shat he runneth away
fearefully: It is faid thatwolues areafraid ofthe noifeoffwords or iron ftruckétegether,
and it may well be, for there is a true (tory ofa man traueling neate Bap, with’ bell inhis
hand; who when hefaw that the throwing ftones at the wolte which followed him would
nothing auaile, and by chance fel downe, in the meanetimea bell whichhe carried about
him did giuca found, at which found the wolfe being affrighted ran away, which when he
perceitied, he founded the bell aloud ,and fo droue away the wildraüening beaft. “As the
Lyon isdfraid ofa white Cockearid a Moufe, fo isthe wolfe of aSeéa-crab or (hrimp. It is
{aid thatthe pipe of Pithoearis did repreffe the violence of wolues when they fet vpon him,
for hefounded the fame vnperfe&ly,and indeftin ally, atthe noife whereofthe raging
re wolfe ranàways and it hath bin beleewed that the voice ofa fingitig ‘man or Woman’wor-
keth the fate effet: Horae ceftifieth fo much of himfelfe,that by fiaging he droueaway a
wolfesas ia thefe veríes s : 1.9 1 MATa
Namá, me fylua lupus infabina, qur eut 2491
Dum mean canto lalagen e vitra, n orn
Terminum curis vagor expeditus, 31g eii -t zm
Fugit inermem. — 93
Quale portentum ned, militaris,
Danni in lati alit efeuletis,
Nee inbe tellus generat leonem,
Fe cv Aridanatrix. | |
Ifatanytimea wolfefollow a man a far off, as it were trechercvfly to fet vpponrhiiimfud-
denly and deftroy him,let him butfet vp a ftick or ftaffe jor fome fuch other knewledga-
ble marke, in the middle fpace betwixt him and the wolfe,and it willfcar him awaysfor the
fufpitious beaft feareth fuch a man,and thinketh that he carriethabout him fome engin or |
trap tetake away hislite:and thereforealfo itis faid,that ifa trauailer doe drawafter him a
long rod or pole, ora bundle of fticks & clouts;a wolíe will never fet vpon him, worthily
miftrufting fome deferued pollicy to ouesthrow & catchhim. Aeféulapius writeth, chat ifa
man do anoint bimfelfe wich the fat or fewettaken out ofthe rainesofa Lyon, it wildriue
. .avvay from himall kind of Wolues. There bee fome that take vvolues by poifoning,for
ge they poy fon certaine peeces of meat,andcaft them abroad, whereof when the vvolues do
cate,they die immediately. There were certaine country men which brou ght the skins of
wolues into the citty of Rome,and carried them vp and downe the ftreets publikely to be
feene.affirming that they had killed thofe wolues with the powder ofa certaine hearb cald
Cardus Varius , and that therewithallalfothey could kil Rats and Mice. Pas/anias faith chat
therewas a temple of Apollo Lycens, at Sicyos , and that ona ime the inhabitants were fo
anoyed with wolues that they could receiue no commodity by their flockes, wherevpon JN
Apollo taking pitty ofthem, told them that there was in their temple a certaine peece of |
dry wood, commaunding them to pull offthe rinde or barke of that wood, and beating it hes
to powder, tomingle it with conuenient meat for Wolues, and fo caft it abroad in the
49 fieldes.
Thepeople didas they werecomm aunded by the Oracle, and thereby deftroyed althe
woluess but what kind ef wood this was,veither Pawfaniasnor any ofthe priftes of Sicyort
could declare. In one part ofthe world the Bwe-tree, and certaine fragments of Juniper.
The {pindletree,and Redodaphne do yeald poifon vnto wolues mixed in their drinke, and
befides them weknow no trees that are venemous,and yet plants innum erable,efpccial-
ly wolfebane. Andthe occafion why thereare more poyfonfull herbs then trees,is inthe
juyceor liquor whereby they are nourifhed, for where the iuyceis wholefome and well
tempered, there it encreafethintoa great tree, but where it is imperfe& and venomous,
chereit neuer groweth tall, nor bringeth forth any great ftocke. :
There are certaio litle Fithes called by the Graecians Lees, and by the Latanifis blenut,
which we may englith wolfe-Fifhes,& thefe the Hunters vfe totake wolues in this maner;
when they hauc taken a greatmary of them aliue; they put them into fome tuber great
morter,& therikilchem by bruifing them to pieces,afterwards they makea fire of coles in
the mountains waere the wolues hant,putting intothe fame fome of thefe fithes em
wit
5e
a cdam
a PO OT
SY nbi iat
a cR
+
Poyfoning
of Wolues
The enimies
of Wolues
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
with bloodandpeeces of mutton, and fo leauing it; to haue the fauour thereof carryed
every way with the winde, they go and hide themfelues:-whilft hatin. the mean time the}
Woluesinraged with thefauourof this fire, feeckecoo, and fro.to finde it, becaufe of the
finell, the fire beforethey: comeis quenched.or goeth out naturally;and the'VVolues by
the fmoke therof, efpecially by tafting ofthe fleth, blood and fii which therethey find,
do fallinto a drowfie dead {leepe, which when the Hunters do percciue,they come vpon:
them and cut their threats. The Armenians do poifon them with blacke fithes,&fome do
take'a cac; pulling off herskin, taking outthe bowels, they put inte her belly die powder
of Frogges, this cat is boileda little vpon coles, aiid by a man drawne vp and down inthe
mountaiues where wolues do hant, now ifthe Wolues do chance to meet withthe traine
of this,cat, they inftantly followe afterhim, inraged without all feare of man to attaine ir,
thezefore be which draweth the cate; is accompanied with another hunter armed witha
a Gun, Piftoll, or Croff bow, that at the appearaunce of the Wolfe, and before his ap-
roach to the traine, he may deftroy and kill him. sm
I will not difcourfe of VVolfe-bane; commonly called Aconitum in Latine, wherwith-
all both men & beafts areintoxicated, and efpecially VV olues, but referring the Reader
tothe long difcourfe of Conradus Gefner in his Hiftory of the Wolf, I will oncly remem-
ber inthis place an Epigram of Au/onivs wherein he pleafantly relatetha ftory ofanadul-
Io
terated women, defiring to make away her iealous husband, and that with{peed and ve- _
hemency, gauehima drinke of Wolfe-bane and Quick-filuermingled together, eyther'
of both fingle are poifon, but compounded area purgation, the Epigram isthis that
followeth : he |
- Toxica zelotypo dedit vxor mecha marito
Nee [ati ad mortem credidit effe datum,
-Mifcuit argent letalia pondera viui
Cogeret vit eelerem vis geminata necem
Dinidat hac fi quis faciunt difereta,venenum :.
Antidotum [umet qui fociata bibet ,
Ergeinter fefe dum noxia pocula certant ,
Cefit letalis noxa falutifera
Protinus ci vacuos alus petiere rece[fus,
Lubrica deiectis qua via mota cibis. | te
Concerning the enimies of Wolues, there is no deubt but that fucharauening beaft
hath fewe friendes, for except in the time of copulation wherein they mingle fometime
with dogges,and fometime with Leopards, and fometime with other beaftes, all Beaftes
both great and {mall do auoyd their fociety and fellowfhip,for it cannotbe fafe for ftran-
gers to line with them in any league or amity, feeing in their extremity they deuour one
another : for this caufe, in fome of the inferiour beafts their hatred lafteth after death as
many Authors hauc obferued ; for ifa (heepe skinne be hanged vp with a Wolucs skin;
the Wool falleth off from it, and ifaninftrument be ftringed with flringes made of both.
thefe beafts, the one will giue no foundeiq the prefence of the other; but ofthis matter
30
40
we haue fpoken in the ftory of thetheep, fhewing the opinion of the beft learned, concer- |
ning the truth heereof. The Rauens are in perpetuall enmity with Wolues and the Anti-
phathy of their natures is fo violent; that itis reported by philes and Aelianus that if a ra-
uen eat of the carcaffeof abeaft which the wolfe hath kild, or formerly tafted of, (he pres
fently dyeth.
There are certaine wilde Onions called scile, and fome fay the fea-Onion, becaufethe
roote hath the fimilitude of an Onion, ofall other thinges this is hatefull to a wolfe, and
therefore the Arabians fay, thatby treading on it hislegge falleth intoa crampe, where-
byhis whole body many times endureth infurfferable torments, for thecrampe increa-
{eth into convulfionssfor which caufe itis worthy to be obferued how vnfpeakle the Lord
isin all his workes.for whereas the wolfe isan enemy to the foxandthe Turtle,he hath gi-
uenfecret inftin&and knowledge both to this beaft and Foule, of the vertuous operati
on of this hearbeagainftthe rauening wolfes for in their abfence from their neftes, they
leaucthis Onion inthe mouth thereef,as a fure gardto keepetheir young ones, from the
^ wolfe.
TI
. - were: E " : T "
E "TI. , DECRE IN ba "WE : 1 : = E
— ——— — - . — " Ede
dut. 2 -
_ wolfe. There are certaine Eaglesin Turz4r/a whichare tamed, who doo of their owneac:
cord being fet on by men aduenture vpon wolues, and fo vexthem with their talants,that
aman with no labor or difficulty may kil the beaft,& for this caufe the wolues do greatly
feare them andauoidthem; And thereupon camethe common prouetb, Lupus fugit a-
quilam : Andthus much {hall fuffice to haue fpoken in general concerning their taking.
Now we will proceedto the other parts of their Hiftory, andfirftofalofiheirearmnalco- — —
pularion.They ingender in the fame manner as dogs andSea-calues do;and therefore in ed pred iy
the middle of their copulation they cleaue together againft their wil. . Iris obferued that area
they beginto engender immediately after Chriftmaffe, and this rage of their int Jafteth
1o buttwelue daies, whereupon there was wont to goa fabulous taleor reafon thatthe caufe
why al of them conceiuedinthe twelue daiesafter Chriftmas was, forthat Latézz fo ma-
ny daiestogither wandered in the fhape ofa (hee wolfe in the mountaines Hyperborei for
for feare of Juno, in which tikenes free was broughtto Delw; butthis fable is confuted by
Plutarch ;rehearfing the words of Anzipater in his booke of beattes, for he faith when the
Oakes that beare Acornes do begin to caft their flowers or bloffonis, then thewelues by
eating thereof do open their wombesyfor where rhere iso plenty of Acorties: there'the
yong ones dieinthe dams belly, and thereforefuch countries wherein there are‘no ftore'
of Oakes, are freed from wolues; and thishe faiths the true caufe why theyconceiuebut:
.. onceayeare, and thatonely in the xii.daies of chriftmas, for thefe Okes flower but eace
4o a year;namely;in che {pring timeyat which feafon thewolues bring fortbcheir yong ones:
For thetime tharthey gowith young andthe number of whelps,they agree with dogs,’
that is, they beare their young nine weekssand bring foorth many blind whelps atatimey
: according tothe manner oftbofe that haue manie clawes on theitteet. Theirlegges are’
| without Articles, andtherefore they are notableto go atthe time of theirlitteting,/aid’ .
thereisa vulgar opinionthata fhewolfedoth neuer in al her life bring foorth aboue diae
atatime, whereofthelaft which (he bringeth forthin hir old ageisa dog, throgh weak-
nes and infirmity: burthe RÁz//2s5 among whom wolues do abound; do atfirme conftint-
| ly; that in the beginning of May, they bring their young out of their dens,and lead them:
tothe water, fometimes feauen, andfometimes niné, euery yeare increafing their nim.
2o ber; fothat the firftyeare the littereth one whelpe, the fecond yeate two, the chirde yeare:
three, and fo obferueththe fame proportion vnto nine,after which time (he growerh bar--
ren and neuer beareth more:and it is faid when fhee bringeth her young onesto the wa-
ter, (he obferueth their drinking very diligently for ifany of them lap water likeadogge, Ky Hl
him (he reiectethas vaworthy of her parentage, but thofe which.fucke their water likea — ^ ‘
f{wine, or bite at it likea Beare, them (Hetaketh to hir and norifhethvery carefully. VVe
haue faidalready that wolues do engender not only among themfelues, butamong other
beafts,and fuch are to be vnderftood of them which beare their young an equal proporti- E
on of time,as of Doggesand Woluescemmeththe Lupus canarivs, or Panther, and the 4
Se a Es
a
- mE GE
— M €
—
€ een
T—u
Crocuta.Ofthe Hyzna and the wolfe come the Thoes, of w home wee fhal fpeake in their i
4. dueplaceinthe end of this ftory and the Hyznait felfefeemeth to bee compounded ofa 3
T wolteandafox.Concerning the naturall difj pofition ofthis beaftwe haue already {poken n
inpart;and now we wil adde that which doth remainesand firftofal their Epithites which the epithets \
areattributed vnto them among feueral Authors are moft cleare demonftrations oftheir and natural i
| difpofition; as fowre, wilde, Apaiean,(harp,fierce,bold, greedy whoare,flefh.eater, wary, dif pofition,
{wift, bloody, blood-louer,degencrate,hard sglutton;hun grie,Cattle-earer,famifhing, fu-
qrious ,yellow;fafting.vngentle, vnhoneft,v ntameful,harmeful, Cattie-hurter,teeth-gna-
fher,infatiable treacherer,mattial,forrowful ,mountanie,nightly robber, ftrate ;rauener;
mad, fnatcher,cruel,pack-bearer,blood-fucker, fomer,proud,fearing,{ullen,terrible,ve- — Bit
hement,houliag,and fuch other like belonging tothe malewolfe. Now vnto the female h
thereare fome peculiar ones alfo, as inhuman vngentle,martial,obfcure;ranke,rauener; o M
fanded ,Romulian ereafie terrible, and /ol/ea#,and therauening defire of this wolfe doetli |
not only apearein theprouerbs of holy fcripture already repeated,as where Chri(t com- 1
pareth the Hereticks to wolues,but alfo from hand inftruments and fickneffes, for a little |
hand-fawis called ofthe Latins and Germians Lapus,a wolfesbecaufe of the inequalitie of 1
the teeth, wherewithalla man fheareth afunder violently any piece of wood, bones, or
fuch like thing. | Xxx There
. '
SUM
746
The Hiftory of Foure-footed Beafts.
There isa difeafe called a wolfe, becaufe it confümeth and eateth vp the fefh in the bodie
nexcthe fore;
other things wherein is bloo
fo muchas the skin ta couert
and mutt euery day be fed with frefh meat,as Lambes, Pigeons, and {uch
de, or elfe it confumeth althe flefh ofthe body, leauing not
he bones.Alfo the galson a mans feat, which commeth by
horfe-riding, are by the auncientes called Lupi, and by Martial, Ficus, whereof he made
this difticon 5
Therebe alfo iuftruments called Zupi and Harpages, or
Stragula [uecincfi venatar [ume veredi
quam folet à nude [urgere ficus equo.
areloofedinthefea, orany thing taken out of the deepe. Thereisa certaineterritorie in
Ireland, (whereof M. Cambden writethythat the inhabitants which liuc ull they be paft fif-
arc foolifhly reported to be turned into wolues, the true caufe whereof hee
ty yeare old,
conieQureth
thropiahichisa kind
of February toforfaketheir owne dwelling or h
- nearethe gra
true fignes of
feed hauet
Their tongue as ifitw
very chirfty,
this.difeafefomec
was one:-Lycaon asitis fained by t
fifiarationss eum factu ma
tenti alios bomines. ladant ,
of Welues &
Lambs.
The pertieu-
Jar difpefitió
of Wolues
to be becante for the moft patt they are vexed withtheddifcafe called Lycan-
£ielancholy.cáufing the perfons fo. affected, about themoneth
oufes ,and to run out into the woodes,or
ues and fepulchers of men,howling and barking like Dogs and wolues. The
this difeafe are thus defcribed by Marcellus chofe faith he which arethus af-
heir faces pale their cies dry and hollow, looking droufily and cannot weep,
ereal{cabd, being very rough, neither can they fpit; andthey are,»
Harpagones, wherewithal Ankers 19
having many vlcers breaking out oftheir bodics;efpeciallie on their legges, ...
al. Lyeaen and men opprefied: therewith; Zyeaozes, becaufe.thar there
he poets,who for his wicke dnes or facrificing ofa child,
was by-Jupiter turned into a VVolf,being vie rly diftra&ted ofhuman vnderílanding,and
that which the poetsípeake of him, ma
Ouida: (
Territus ipfe fugit, naci u[d, ilentiarurss
Exululat fruftra 4, loqui conatur.
y very wel. agree with melancholy, forthuswriteth
Andthis ismoft ftrangesthat men thus difeafed (hould defirethe graues of thedead-Like
vnto this is another difeafe, called by Be/lezez/zs,demonium leopinum which is{aith he,cor-
lis noxijs ci». iracundis aleone dittum videtur malum, quad eo de-
c leonum inflar in eos feusant,thatis ; the Lyon-dinel difeafeis 3°
aconfufion of reafon,ioyned with wrathful, and impious fa&ts , andit feemeth to bee na-
med of Lyons, becaufe that fuch as are op prefied therewith, doe rage againft-men, and
wound them like Lyons. Thereisa pretty Apologie of aleaguethiat was madebetwixt the
- The apology NVoluesand the theepe, whereupon came the vvord Lycophiliessmy Author rehearfeth
it thus : Lapis et agnis fadus aliquandofuit datis utring, obfidibus,lupi [uis catulos,oues canum
cho vtem dedere.Quietis ouibus ac pafcentibus lupuls matrum de fideriasvlnlatus edunt,tum lu-
piirruentes fidem f adul d
fay, There was a peace madebetw
folutumclanetant oues d,canum prafiaio deflitutas laniant that is to
ixt the wolucs and the fheepe, either fide giuing oftages
to other, the wolues gaue their young whelpes, and the (heepe gaue the fhepheards dogs
to the wolues. Now when the young Wolues wereamong the flocke of fheepethey hou-
led for their dams, which vvhen the old vvolues heard, they came rufhing in vpponthe
flieep, crying outthatthey had broken the league andtherforethey deítroyed the fheep
in theabfence of the dogsthat fhould keepe them : whereby is notably fignified the fim-
plicity of innocent men, and the impiety of the wicked, for whatfoeuer bendes of truce
and peace are made with them, they euer refpe& theiz owne aduantage, taking any {mal
occafion like Woluesat the crying of their young ones,withoutal offence of theinno-,
cent and harmeles, to breake through the brazen wals of truce,peace, and amity, for the
execution of their bloody and vngodly minds.
VVolues are truely faidto be fierceand treac
noble like Lyons. They efpecially rage in the time of their hunger, and then they kilnot. |,
herous,and notgenerous and bold,and
fo much as wil fuffice, but al the flocke before them sbut being fatisfied, as we hauefaide
already, they feeme rather Lambes then Wolves. The maleisalwaies as carefull of the
young onesas the female, for while (hee fickleth her younge ones, hee bringeth meate
voto her in the denne, and when that they are greatly conftrained bothto fly away,they
carry their young onesalong with them.
Great istheir malicetowards them that hurte
them,
40
Of the Wolfe.
schemas Niphws faith,he tried one day when he was a hunting neare Rome, for his Dogge
was fighting with a VVolfe, andhe comming in with the multitude of hunters, alighted
from his horfe, drew his {word,and gaue the Wolfe a wound,the wolfe feeling the ttroke
softhe {word, forfooke the Dogge and turned vppontheman, making all force at him
he could to bite him,but he proteffed he efcaped with fingular danger,more by the hel
‘of his fellow-huntets,then by his owne valor; wherefore he concludeth thatas VVolues
are enimies to alfo they take fpecial reuenge oftbem that harm them,as we haue faid be-
forcof Lyons.Some fay that when many of them haue obteinedafpoile; they do equal-
ly denide itamong them al, Iam fure the like is reported betwixt the olde Lyon andthe
1o young, but whether itbe truein Wolues I cannot tell, bucratherthinke the contrary ;be-
:caufe they are infatiable and neuer thinke they have enough. And Albertus faith,they do
- fot comunicate their prey like Lyons;but when they haue fed fufficiently they hide the
refiduein the ground til they hunger againe. |. ebd) TEM
«^ WVheuthey fet vppon horned beaits, they inuadethem behinde, and on their backs;
when they fet vppon theepe, they chufea darke cloudy day ortime, that fo they may e»
{cape more freely; and to the intent that theictreadinges {houldnot be heard; they licke
the bottome or foles of their feet, for by that meanes they makeno noifeamong the dry
leaues,andif going along they chanceto breakea fticke, and foagainft their mind make
anoife,then prefently they bite their foot, as if it were guilty ofthat offence: For the moft
20 part they fet vponfuch Cattle as haueno keepers;and rauen in fecret. If they come vnto
a flocke ofíheep where there are Dogges,they fir of al confider whether th ey;bee able
to maketheir party good, forif they fee they cannot match the Dogges, they depatta-
way,although they haue begun thefpoile, but ifthey perceiue their forcesto be equal ot
fixperiour, then they diuide themfelues into three raükes, one companie of them killeth
f{neepe,afecond company fighteth with the Dogs, and the third fetteth vppón the men.
hen they arein daungerto be taken by the hunters, they bite off the tip of their tailes;
andtherefore the Egyptians when they woulde defcribea man deliuered out of extremi-
ty anddange r,do pi&urea wolf lacking that part of histaile.To conclude, when they are
in perill they are extreamely fearefull, aftoni(hed, and affraide, efpecially when they are
30 vnauoidably included they fceme harmles , and this argueth the bafeneffe of their mind
o
go
_ the day following, it fortuned that (he fel downe by a mifchance into the faid pitte wheres
* in fhe was faine tolodgealnight (you muft thinke with great angui(h, forrow, and peril-
whichis fubtil,cowardlie and treacherous, daring do nothing but for the belly, and not
then neither, but vppona fingular aduantage, and for the manifefting heereof, I will ex-
preffe chefe two ftories following;as they were related to Ge/wer by Michael! Herws , and
Inftiniws Goblerus. Ithapned (faith the firft) thata certaine wolfe conftrained by famine;
came vnto a villageneare AG/lan in staly, and there entered into a certaine houfe, wherein
fatthe good wife and her children, the poore woman being terrified heerewith, andnot
knowing what fhe did, ran out ofthe houfe, pulling the dore toafter her, and fo fhutting
the wolfe in among her childrens at laft her husband returned home, vnto whoin (he re-
lated the accident, and how fhe had fhutivp the wolfe; the man being more affraide then
was caufe, leaftthe wolfe had deuoured fome of his children, entered haftily ina doors,
longing to faue and deliuer his poore infants whom the feareful mother had left. withthe
wolfe, when he came in he found al wel, for the wolfe was in worfecafe, aftoni(hed, ama-
zed ,daunted,and ftanding like a ftocke without fence;notable to run awaie, but as it were
offering himfelfeto be deftroied: And this is the firft hiftory. | |
The fecond is like vnto this, but more admirable, for the great Vnckleof Geblerus be-
ing marueiloufly addi@ed to the hunting of wilde beafts; had in his lande diners ditches
and trenches caft vp with other pittes and caues wrought verie artificiallie for the fafe kee«
ping of fuch beaftsas (hould falinto them. Nowit hapned that vpon one Sabboth daieat
sight there fel into one ofthofe pits three creatures of diuers difpofition , and aduerfe
inclination, none of them being ableto get out thereof: the firfiwasa Neighbors wife
of his,a poore woman, which going to the field to gather Beets and rapes for hir meate
Jous daunger to hir felf) befide that which hir husband and family conceiued athome,but
fhehad not tartied long in the {aid pitte ere a Fox vvas likewife taken and fel dovvné
XXX 2 ypon
747
=
— d
a
re
re ae tentee
6
nem
SSeS
StS soa
ae Pa ln I gy EE ed Re
The Hiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
vpon her, now began her griefe to be encreafed, fearing leaftthe wilde beaft{hould bite
and wound her, having no meanes to efcape from him, nor no man to helpe and refcue
her, although thecryed as loud as euer fhe could 5 wherewithall being wearied,neceffity
made hir to be patient; being alittle comforted to fee the Foxe as much affraid of her jas
fhe wasofhbim;and yet(hethought the night fullong,:wifhing for the breake ofthe.day,
when nien ftirabroadto their labors;hopingthat fome or other would hear hirmone,and
deliuer het. from the focieryoffucha Chamberfellow: while thus the thoght;ftriuing be-
twixt hope;feare,and griefe, loe what befell her more wofully then before; for fuddenly a
wolfe wastaken and felldowne vporher, then fhe loft her hope; and in lamentable maner
thinking of husband and children bow little they conceiued of her extremity,refolued to
to forfake the world, and commended her foule to God, making no other reckoning but
that her diftreffed leanelis (houldmow be afupperand breakefaft tothe Wolfe, wifh-
ing that fhe might but fec her husban de, and kiffe her children before (hee lofther life by
thar fauapé execution; bütall her wifhes could not preuaile;norclearc heg hart from fear
and expedationofanviauoidable death-while thus fhe mufed (he faw the wolfelie down,
fhe fitting inthe onecorner, and the Fox refting in another,and the wolfapaledas much
asieither ofboeth, fothe woman had no harme butan ill nightes lodging, with the feare
wheteof fhe was almoftout of her wits.Earely inthe morning came his great vnckle the
hunter to looke vpon his trenches and pits what was taken, and cemming vnto that pitte,
he found;atrebbleprey;a VVoman;a Wolfe, anda Fox,whercat he was greatly amazed: 5
aiid flepped a litle backward at the firft fight the woman feeing him cryed out, calling hina
by his rlame, and praying hisaide : heknowing her by her voice, prefently leaped dovvne
into the pit; (for he wasa valiant man) and wvich his weapon firft fluethe wolfe, and then
the Foxejandfo deliuered the vvoman from the feare of them, yet there was forcedte
feaue her till he went and fetched aládder, for (he was notable to come foorthas he vvas;
then hauing brought the ladder, he went down againe into the pit, and brought her farth
vppon his fhoulders; inthat manner deliucring her fafe to her husband and family.Now
thele two ftories doc plainely fetforth,thata VVolfe dareth doenothing when hee isin
fearc himfelfe. OF d 'ó
It hath beenea queftion whether VVolues can be tamed or no, feme fay thatthey are
alwaies wilde and can neuer betamed. Albertus writeth, that being taken whelpes, they
aretamed aiid wil play like Dogges; yet hedaith, they neuer forget their haceredagainft
. the hunter and the defire of Lambes or other beaftes which are deuoured by VValues,
whenfoeuer he gocth abroad. And Stamp/ius wtiteth that euen when they aretamed they
areangry with their maifters that looke vpon them whilethey eat their meat.
— Strabo wtitetha fable of twe woods among the auncient Veneti, one of them: dedica-
tedto Zuno,and the other to Diana, and he woulde make the worlde beleeue, that therein
the VVolues liued peaceably and gently with the Hartes,and did come to the handes of
men like familiar and tame Dogees, fuffering themfelues to be ftroked with their hands.
Ablianusand Stephanus doe fay , that neare the plaine of Meots, there are Wolueswvhich 40
liuelike tame Dogges with men, being continually conuerfant amonge the Fifher-men,
- and thefe Woluesdo part flakes and deuide their prey vvith the inhabitants dwelling vp-
on the Sea-thores, afid there isfüch a mutuall charitye and commons obferued betwixt
them andthe men, for fometimes the welues take fifhes when the men take none, and*
then they part with the wolfe, fometimes the men take fifhes when the wolues haue none,
and thus they liue together in quiet maner like confederats, each one releeuing and hel-
ping ether;but ifthe men at any ime break vviththe wolus, and do not giue thema fhare,
they recompencetheir ingratitudeand falfehood with tearing in pieces their nets: which
thing if it be true, isa fingular example of that rare concord and agreement vvhich vvas
primitiuely ordained by God to be betwixt man and beaft; Some fay thefe kind of wolues 2n
bee Otters, hut I rather beleeuethat they be Sea-wolues, of whome weefbal talke pre-
fently. t2: :
There be many magical inuentions about the parts of wolues, namely, their heades,
teeth cares, tails & priuy parts, which I wil not flan d to recite in this place, becaufe 1 can-
not tel what benefit fhal cometo the knovvledge of them by the Englifh Reader.VVolues
| are
2
of the Sea-Wolfe. 74.9 j
are fübie& to the fame difeafes that dogs are, efpecially the fwellings of the throat, ma d-' | q
nefle, andthe gout : when they are ficke they eat ofan hearb which make them caft, {ome
fay itis ground Iuy, fome fay itis graffe, and fome otherwife, ofthis they eate when they
haue a paine1n their bellyes,andnot otherwife . Thereafon why Dogs and Wolues Aller,
are more fübie& co madneffe then any other Beaft, is becaufe their bodies are chollerick,
and their braines encreafeand decreafe with the Moone. Ifamanbe bitten by a niadde
Wolfe, heis to be cured by the fame medicines that are applyed to the bitings ofa mad
Dogge. They liue very long, cuen vntill they loofe their teeth, therefore in their old age
oppreffed with famin they £y vnto citties and houfes to feeke meat. They haue no friends
butthe Parrots. A Wolfe was once the part of the armes of Rome, andthe iudgment feat +). otre
19 at Athens hadin it the pi&ureof a Wolfe. Therewere ancientcoincs of mony ftamped hathno —
with the image ofa wolfe,both among the Greecians,and among the Romans, which were E dus
therefore deuifed, becaule Romulus and Remus were laid to be nurfed by a wolfe: with the A HN |
skins of wolueggfter they were dreffed by Curriers, we do read that there were garmentes 1i
made ,wherewithall great princes and Noblemen were cloathed , thebare being inward
next to their bodies,andthe rough being outward, thefe were vied in iournies and hun-
tings, and they werethe proper garment ofthe gaurds of Tyrants: And this thal! fuffice
of the vulgar wolfe.
OF THE SEA-WOLFE.
j——— —À
20
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as Ze A FLEE 8 *
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31 Lthough nothing hath hitherto beene brought tolight, concerning the fea- 4
wolfe ofthe anciem writers that I know,yethis form is notable to be obferued i
X and you may chufe whether you wil cal him a Theefeora Sea-monfter, much
| differing from the wolfe-fith, as chat he feemeth to challengea particular de- ]
o"
rtreatifc. Itisalío a Foure-footed- Beaft that liueth both on fea & land, fatisfi-
ing his hunger onthe mof part vpon fifhes: It hath bin feene vponthe Brittainc Ocean |
fhoare, and it doth refemblethe wolfethatliueth on the land, chat it isnet vndeferuedly l
1 4 A "s ; t
It doth liue alfo along time being tamed,ithath a dangerous head,& very many haires 5
3° growing on both fides of his cies to (haddowthem, his Nofthrils and tecthare like vnto a
dogs,and ftrong haires growing about his mouth : alfo fmal briftles growiag vpright vp-
ou his back: and adosned and marked on euery fide with black diftin& fpots;along taile, Bellonius. UE ;
thickand hairy al theother parts being like toa wolues as yournay eafily fecby this expret- I |
fcd picture:and vntothis belongeth the {tory of the Wolueslaft before exprefled which 1 .
liuc vpon fithes, and deuidethem familiarly with men. Xxx 3 Of
| | T 750 The Hiflory of Foure-footed Beajis.
OFRvhbHkh- fb HOES.
1l Here aretwo kinds of Thoes, asthere are of Panthers, dif-
|| fering onely in magnitude or greatneffe. But the leffer
Thees is like vnto the leffer Panther, a Licopawther, andthe
| Lupus canarius engendered betwixta VVolfeanda Dogge,
*NI are all one Foure-footed beaft. The Thoes alfo areakind
4| of Wolfe. Andagaine, there isa kind of Wolfe which
Ariftotle doth call chabex, but Auicen doeth write, that it
ought to be called Berwet, in the Perfian tongue.. Anda-
gaine in another place, where he doth write, that the Lion
and the Thoes are vtter enemies,and Albertus dothtranflate-
—— it,thata Wolfe doth fight with the Four®foored-Beaft
Toboz,,whichis a corrupted word , Taboz for Thoes,as Cabez for Thohez, andthisfome
menthinkittobethe Lynx. hoes is calledin Hebrew Tahas, Alfbaliisa Foure-footed-
Beaftliketoa Welfe. Adeditach is alfoa kinde of Wolfe, but I doe not know whether
thefe names belong onely to the Tees, or to any other kind of Wolfe. Solinus doth call
Thoas AethiepianNN olues, and alittle before he fayd that Lycaon was an Acthiopian wolfe, 2°
mained onthe Necke, and fo diuers coloured that a man would thinke there were no co- -
lours wanting in them.
The people of Schythia likewife fay, that the Buffdoth change his colours, neither is
there any other beaft couered with haire,exc eptthe Zycaonzam ong the Indians, (as Pliny
alfo writeth) and befidesthis there isno mention made ofthe Lyezon among all theanci-
ent writers. Lycaons are called Dogs, inthe ftory of the diuerfities of Dogges. Theleffer
TN kind of Thoes are the beft,for fome make two kinde of Theses, and fome three, and thefe
TR | like Birds, and other Foure-footed-beaftes , change their colour, bothin VVinter and
j Stimmer, fo that fometime they appeare bare, and againeat other times roughall o-
An uer, thatis, bare inthe Summer, and rough inthe VVinter, but it doth plainely feeme 36
h - thatthereis no more kind of Thoes but one, which the things thatcome afterdoth proue
H and make manifelt, 2Xearchus faith, that thofe Tygers arenottrue Tygers, which are
l commonly called Tigers,but changable Thoes(as if that euery Tees were not changable)
Pliny
1G
And : Bellu:
and greater thenthe other Thoes.
Arrian They haue no reafon which take the Lupus ceruarius fora T boes which weehauealrea-
^ dy fhewed tobe a Lynx forthe Rhecians whichfpeak Italian,and the Sanoyans do tothis
3 day call him Ceruarie,and for the Armenian VVolfe the Cicatus, and the Lupas canarius
] — wehaue already fhewed,thatitis a Panther,and therefore it is necdieffe to ftand anylon-
ger vppon thofe names in this place. -VVee will therefore take it for confeffed, that the
Thoesisa Beaft engendered betwixt a VVolfe aud a Foxe, whereeffome are greaterand
fame fimaller, and thefeare found about theMountaine Pangeus, Cittus, Olympus, My(G- 49
«5, Pindus,and Nifa, beyound Syria, refembling for the moftparta Hyzna,hauing alon-
ger body, anda ftraighter taile thena VVolfe, and although it beenot fo highof, ftature,
yet itis asnimble andas ftrong as is the VVolfe, andit feetneth that the very name 7/aes
istaken from the celerity and fwiftneffe in running and leaping, for it getteth his lining
by the quickneffe of his feet. In the outward face it much refembleth a VVolfe his Father,
butin the {pots and length ef his body it refembleth a Panther his mother; they couplein
generation like dogs, bringing forth twoor foure ata time like wolues, which areblinde,
i and their feet clouen into many toes.
fi They are enimiesto Lyons, and therefore they doe not Jiuein the fame place where :
i Lyonsaie, not onely becaufe they liue vpon the famevi&uals and food, but alfo becaufe 5
f they area more pittifull creature then they,efpeciallyto man, for if they fee the face ofa
SAT A
"
M
" 2 e =
eR ey
erm
Tt
— DE
or a MARE OSA Aree
VEA 5 -
"etl man atany time,they run vnto him and do bimall fuchreuerence as their brutifh nature
WA can demoftrate. ! a
Hi And further Philes and Selivewrite , that if they fee a manoppreffed by any other
i | - beaft
OM
1o
20
$6
"
^
ef the Wolfe.
beaft,they runne and fight for him, although itbewiththeLyon, notfparingto offer
their ownc liues, and to fpendtbeir deareft bloud in the defence of him, who by fecretin-
ftin& of nature they vnderftandtobe ordained of God,the King and chiefeft ofall wosld-
ly creatures: therefore Gratius calleth this kind femiferam Theem de [anguine prolem and
of their taming and fighting with Lyons,he fpeaketh: :
Thees commiffos leones
Et fabiere affu,et paruis domuere lacertis .
They liue for the moft part vppon Harts, whomthey take in the fwiftnes of their courfe,
thefe they bite and fucke their bloud, then fufferring them to runne away to fome Moun-
taines ,thether they followe them and take them the fecond time, nor deftroying them
allat once, but by diftance of time,whereby the harts bloud-groweth fweeter vnto them,
and they haue the better appetite thereunto to deftroy them... The Licopanthers,andalfo
the beaft gm whereof Albertus fpeaketh , I doetaketo betwo feucrall diftin& beafls
from the T7285, although the quantitie and ftature agree, and] fec no caufe if chere beea-
nv fach beaft in the world , but that wee may truly fay they arealeflerkind of Panthers :
And this (hall fufficezo hauefaid of thefe beafts , which are deemed to bee of thekind of
VW olues, wherein we haue endeuoredto fay fo much of the generalland efpeciallas wee
coulde colle&e out ofany good. Authors sand thus wee wyll (hut vp the Storie ofthe
Woulfe witha fhort rememberance of his medicinall vertues.
The ~«Meidicines of aW oulfe.
A Wolfe being fodden aliue vntill the bones doe only remaine,is very muchcom-
mended for the paines of the goute , oraliue VV oulfe fteeped.in oileandcoucred with
waxe,isalfo good for the fame difeafe. Stddfu ! |
The skinne ofa woulfebeing tafted ef thofe which are bitof a mad or rauenous dog,
doth preferue them from the feare or hazard of falling into water. The skinne ofa woulfe
is very profitable fot thofe which are troubled with the wind collicke, if it be bound faft a-
bo ntthe belley : andalfoifthe perfon fo affc&ed doeth fit vppon the faidskione ; 1t will -
much auaile him. Ifany labouring or trauailing man doth were the skinne ofa woulfea-
bout his feete, his (noocs (hall neuer paine or trouble him. The skinne ofa woulfe being
new plucked off from him, and efpecially when it hath the naturall heat in ic, and fo row
ted about the member wherethe crampeis, isveric effe&uallagainftit.
"The bloud of a woulfe beeing mixed with oyle , is very profitable againftthe deafe-
nefle ofthe cares. The dunge and bloud ofa woulfe is much commended, for thofe that
are troubled withthe collicke and ftone. w ia irl eel
The bloud of a Bucke, Foxe, or Woulfe being warme , and Ío takenin drinke ,-is of
much force againft the difeafe of the fone. He which doth eatethe skinne ofa woulfe well
tempered and fodden, willkeepe him from all euilldreames, and caufe himato take hisreft
yierlie: The defh of a woulfe being fodden,and takenin meate, doth helpe thofe tbat aré
lunaticke. T he fefh ofa woulfe being eaten;is good for procreation of children. Youmay
read more things in the Chapter goin: before , concerning remedies of the fiefh of a
woulfetaken in meate. The fat ofawoulfeis no effe efficable,then the flefh. j
The fatofa woulfe doth very much profit being anointed vppon thofe whofe ioyntes
arebroken.Some of the later writers were wont to mingle the fat of che woulfe;with other
ointments for the difeafe ofthe goute.Some alfo doe mingle it with other ointments,for
the paulfey.It doth foften alfo the Vula,being anointed thereon: The famealfo being rub- prinie
bed vpponthe eies;is very profi
headalfo ofa wovlfeis very good for thofethatare weake to (leepevppón ; becing layed
under ther pillowe. Theheadofa woulfe being burnedinto afhes, isa fpeciall remedie
for the loofenes ofteeth . The right eie cfawoulfe being falted, and boundto the body,
doth driueaway all agues and feauers . The eie of a woulfe being rubbed vpponthe eie,
doth diminith all difeafesthac rife in the fight of the eie , andit dothalfo take away al
markes
rable for the bleardnefle or bloudfhorofthe cies» The Sextus.
952 . . She Hiflory of Foure-footed Beafts.
markes or prints being made with hot irons. Theright eie of a wolfealfo is profitable for
thofe thatare troubled with fliches on the right {ide of che belly,and the left eye ofa wolfe
for pains omthe left fide. The right eie ofa wolfe is very good againft the bitings of dogs.
1 ^ Alfothe eyeofa wolfeis much commended for thofe thatare lunaticke by the bitinges of
1 dogees.
The teeth of a wolfe being rubbed vpon the gums of young infants, dothopenthem,
Blondes. — whereby rheteeth may the eafier come forth. Againe, the gums of children are loofened
withthe tooth of a Dog, being gently rubbed theron, but they are fooner brought forth
with che teeth of a Wolfe. Some men de commend the tongue of awolfe to bee eaten of 10
thofe that aretroubled with the falling fickneffe. The artery which fpringeth in the throac
of awolfe being taken in drink, is a moft certaine cure againftthe Squincy. Thethroat of
B a Wolfetaken in drinké, is very much commended for thofe that are troubled with the
falling {icknefle. Thelungs or lights of a Welfe being fodden and dryed, and mingled
with pepper,and{o taken in milke, is very profitable for thofe that are puffed vp, or fwol-
len in thebelly. |
help thofe that are ficke of the falling fickneffe. Take one ounce ofthe gum ofan Oake,
and halfe an ounce of the gum ofa peare tree, and two drams of the powder made of the
top ofa Harts horne,and one dram ofthe hartofa wolfe, al which being mingled togither,
and made into medicine,is alwaies vied for the cure of al vlcers:butit wil be more effe&tual 7°
| The heart ofa wolfebeing burned and beaten to powder, and fo taken in drinke, doth
|
;
1
ifthou doft adde thereto the hinder part of the skull ofa man beaten to powder. The Ly-
uer ofa wolfe is of no effe vertue then the lungs er lights, which I haue manifefled in the
li |. medicines of the Foxe. The liuer ofa Wolfe helpeth or profiteth thofe thatare fick of the
3 falling fickneffe. Theliuer ofa wolfe being wafbed inthe beft white,and fo takep,isvery
| good for thofe difeafes thatarife intheliuer. Theliuer of a wolfe mixed in the medicine
. . madeofLiuerwort, is very much commended for the difeafes inthe liuer. | Galenalfo
i doth fay that he hath holpen thofe which haue bin difeafedinthe liuér,only vfing themes
1 dicine made of Liuerwort , and he faith if he did apply any other medicine thereto, it did
little or nothing at all profit him.
- oM] - The Lyuer ofa VVolfeis very profitable for thofethatare troubled withthe skurfein 30
the mouth. TheLywer or laps of a wolfeis much vfed for thofethataretroubled with dif-
| eafes in the liver, but you mutt dry itand afterwards beat it to powder,and fo giue the pat-
| ! ty fo affe&ed one drámmié of it in fweec wine. Theliuer laps ofa Wolfe faith Marceller,
being dryed and beatento powder, anda little part ofit mingled in like portions with the
powder madeof Fene greeke, of Lupines, VVormewood, and of the Hearbe called Her-
n ba marie ,andfo mingledthat it may be about the quantity ofa cup full,and fo giuen hint
that day which hee isnottroubled with thefeauer, but if he fhall be troubled withir, let
him take it in water for the fpace of three dayes, and after hee hath drunke it, let him lie
for the {pace of halfe an houre with hisarmes fpread abroad : and afterwardes let him walk
thofethree daies well ordered,and from drinking any‘cold drinke, or eating any falor ^^
{weet thing, aud within a little {pace after he fhall bee freed from that difeafe. The liver
laps ofa Wolfe being wrapped in bay leaues;andfo fet to dry at the Sunne or atthe fire,
andbeing dryed beare it to/powder ina Morter, firft taking away the leaues very wari-
ly, which being powdered; you muftkeepe it ina cleane veffell, and when you give it him
to drinke, you muft adde thereto, two leaues of Spoonewort, with tenne graines of. pep-
per beaten very fmall, and as muchclarified Hony as is needfull, and alfo made hot witha
hot burning Iron, and mingled very diligently ina Mortet, which beingfo warmed, you
» muftgiue him to drinke fitting right vp in his bed, that after he hath taken the potion, he
|
| 1 | very often, but eate very fildome, and let him be fure hekeepe himfelfe for the fpact of
E | after that hee hath done fo, lec him walke vp and downc for the fpace of an houre;andthis :
j Asie, maylye downeonhisrightfidefor thefpaceofan houre, drawing his knees together,and
!
willlikewife cure him ofthe fame difeafe.
xc.
"og AMET,
Of the Woife.
- Autéen doth fet downe a medicine concerning the cure ofthe hardneffe of the Liuer,
which is ,take Opium, Henbane, Oyle madeof Beauers ftones, Myrrhe, Saffron, Spick-
pard, Agrimony,the Lyuerofa Wolfe,and the right Horne of a Goat burned, of each
'équill partes,and make thereofa Medicine. The Lyuerofa Wolfe being made inthe Diofeorides
forme ofa dry ele@tuary, and giuenasalozeng, dothalfo very much profit againft the
difeafes of theliuer. : dor T
Gueir à Phylofopher doth affirme, that the Lyuerofall lining Beaftes doth very much
profitagainft all pairiesiof the Lyuer .. The Liver ofa Wolfe being througly dryed and
drünke in fweete V Vine, doth mitigateall griefes cr paines ofthe Lyuer. The Liner of
1o the fame beaft tothe quantity ofa penny, taken ina pinte of fweete VVine, is very medi-
cinable forthe cusing of all paines in the Liuer'whatfocuer. The Liuer ofa VVolfebe-
ing taken in hot VVine, dothperfe&ly curethe cough. Ifan intollerable Cough'doth
vex any man,|let hia takeof the liver of a wolfe either dried or burnt; as much as he (hal
thinke conuenient , and therewith let him mingle VVine, Honny, and warméwaterjand
afterward drinkethe fame fafting euery day, to the quantity of foure fpoonefuls, and kee
(hall in (hort {pace be cured of the fame. 13,208 2d 1011 [ .3lioVV E
The laps or fillets of aVVolues Liuer, bcing applyed vnto thefide, doth perfealy
heale any, fticth or pricking ach therein. The Liuer of aVVolfe being taken infweete
^» “Wine, dothhealethofe which are troubled with aptificke. The Lyuer of a VVolfebe-
2o ing firftboyled in Water,afterwardes dryed;beaten and mingled with fome certaine
potion, doth inftantly heale the griefe and inflammation of theftomacke. ‘The powder
ofa Wolues Lyuer mingled with white Wine, and drunke inthe morning for fome cer-
taine daies together, doth curethe Dropfie. The Liuer ofa VVolfe taken either in meat
or dritike, doth affwage the paines of the fecret parts. Twofj poonefuls of the powder of
aVVolues Lyuer, being giuen in drinke, doeth cure all paines or feres ofthe mouth’.
The Gall ofa VVolfe being bound vnto the Nauell ofany man, doeth loofen ithe
belly. : |
^ The Gall ofa VVolfetaken in wine, doth heale all paines inthe fiundament. The en-
trals ofa VVolfe being wathed in the beft white VVine, blowen vpon, dryed in an Ouen,
ET poundedinto duft,afterwardes rowled in VVormewood, is a good and effe&uall remedy
againft the Collicke and fione .Iffome part ofthe yard ofa V Volfe being baked in anO-
uen, be eaten by any, either Man or VVoman, it inftantly ftirreth them vp to luft. Con-
cerning the genitall of aVVolfe Ihauefpoken before in the Medicines of the Foxe: but
antiquity, as Pliny faith, dothteach that the genitall of Beafts whichare bony jas wolues,
Foxes, Ferrets, and V Veafels, are brought toan efpeciall remedye for many difeafes. It
any man take the right ftone ofa VVolfe being bloody, fteepe it in Oyle, and giueit vnto
any woman to apply it vnto their fecret partes, being wrapped in VVooll, xt inftantly
cauferh her to forfakeall carnall copulation, yeaalthou gh fhe bee a common Strumpet.
The fame beingtaken in fome certaine perfume,doth help thofe which are troubled with «Marselles
the foule euill.
The eyes being annointed with the excrementes ofa wolfe, are inftantly freed from
all couers or fpreading skinne therein .The powder of the fame wolf being mingled with
the fweeteft Hony as can poffible be had, andin the like manner rubbed or {pread vpon
the eyes, doth expell alldazeling from them. The fime ofa Wolfe long rubbed, vntill
itbevery light, being mingled with Honny, by the vnétion thereof, caufeth the filth or
{curfe growing about the eyes to auoyd away, and reftoreth them to an exceeding clear-
nefle: The powder ofa Wolues head being rubbed vpon the teeth, doth make faft and
confirme the loofeneffe thereof, and itis moft certaine that in the excrementes of the
fame Beaftes, there are certaine bones tound,which being bound vntothe ceeth, haue the
, fame forceand efficacy .
55 The dung ofa Wolfe or Dogge being beaten into fmal powder, mingled with Hony
andannointed vpon the throate, doth curethe Quinfie or Squirifie,as alfo al other fores
inthe throat whatfoeuer. The fime ofa Wolfe being giuen to thofe which are troubled
with the Collicketo drinke, doth eafily cure them,but this dung is more effeQuall if it
Baueneuer touched ground whichis very bardto come by,butit is found by thismeans.
da The
40
753
Galen
Pliny
1 E E A." - -— 4 " 'j £ sie dw i "m Ls v . e , )
1» , iac $^ tA É " he Tx Lc" " : i J = , Là gs , T ie ere.
\ Wideman me — — - " " EMEN a ie
* 2 :
Syluins
Albertus
Rafis
Galenut:
d
~The Fiiftorie of Foure-footed Beafts.
The nature ofthe wolfe both in making his water,asalfo in voyding liis excrements is like
vntoa Dogs, fer while he voydeth his Water he holdeth vp his hinder Leg, and voydeth
his excrementes in fomehigh or fteepy place tar fromthe earth, by which meanesit fal-
leth downe vpon buthes, thornes, fruites, Elder-trees, or fome other Hearbes growing
in thofe places, by which meanes it is found neuer touching the earth. Thereisfurther-
more found in the fime of Wolues certaine bones of Beafts which they haue deuoured,
which foras much as they could not bee grinded or chawed; fo alfo can they not be con-
co&ted, which being beaten and bruifed fmall, are by fome commended to be excellent
giucu ín drinke for the eafe ofthe Collicke, but if thegrieued party shall. be fome fine or
delicate perfon which cannot endure fo groffe a Medicine, then mingle it with Salt; Pep-
per,orfome fuchlike thing, but it is moft often giuen in {weetwine,fo there be but a fmal
quantity thereof drunke at one time. |
Butthis dung which the Grzcians cal Lagonas,and isto be applyedto the groin ofthe dif.
Io
eafed perfon, ought to bee hanged ina band made of wooll, but not ofany wooll;Butit |
would be more effe&uall ifitwere made ofthe Wool. of that Sheepe which wasflaineby
a Wolfe. But ifthe fame cannot be got, then is itfitthat there be two bands, one which
may be bound about the groine, and another which may bec bound vppon the dung to
cepe it from falling.
There are alfo fome which cafta {mall quantity ofthe fame dung to the bignefle ofa
Beane in alittle por, faftening the fameto any one which is troubled withthe faide difeafe,
andithealeth them (which ina manner feemeth incredible)in very fhort time. The dung.
ofa Wolfeboyled infmallwhite Vine, and afterwardes taken in drinke, is very profita-
ble for thofe whicharetroubled with the collick:anditis alfo reportedthatif chefame dung
"be couered with theskin ofthe fame Beaftandhung vpen the thigh ofany one which hath
the collickbeing bound witha thread made ofthe wool ofa fhecp flaine by a wolfe;it will
inftantly curethe faid difeafe.
The fime ofa Wolfe, fo thatit benot found vppon the earth, but vpponfome trees,
Brambles or Bul-rufhes being kept, and when there hall bee neede bound vnto thearme
of him that fhall be troubled with the Collick, or to his Necke being included in a bone,
or in Copper, and hung with the thread wherewith filke-women weaue, doth wonder-
fully and moftfpeedily cure him, fothere be great care had, thatinthe meanetime there
be alittle of the fame dung giuen tothe grieued party to drinke, not knowing what itis.
The dung ofa Wolfe being taken, and the bones therein beaten into powder, mingle
therewith cold water, giuing itto any oneto drinke which is troubled with the ftone, and
it will inftantly cure him. TA
The Dung ofa Wolfe beateninto the finalleft powder then ftrained and giuenvnto
any in his fit which is troubled therewith to the quantity of halfea fpoonefullinhot wa-
ter, isa very effe&uall, and approued cive for the ftone. Thebones which are found in
Wolues, being bound vnto the arme ofany one which istroubled with the Collike, ha-
E
20
39
uing neuer touched the ground do with great fpeedand celerity curehim. Thepafterne 4o
bone ofa Hare found in the dung ofa Wolfe, being bound vntoany part of the body of
him which is troubled with the Collicke, doth very effe&ually curehim. Thedung ofa
Wolfe with the Haires of a white Affe, and taken by any Woman in acertaine perfume,
maketh her apt for conception.
Theteeth. ofa VVolfe are vnequall, whereforetheir biting is very dangerous. A rauc-
ning VVolfeby his biting bringeth the fame danger, as a rauenous Dogge, they alfo are
cured by the fame Medicines, as we haue declared at large in the ftory ofthe Dog . The
woundes which come by the teeth or Nailes of a VVolfeare very dangerous, for the filth
which pierceth through al clouts or fpunges which are laid vpon them : But they are cu-
redby no other meanes then the bitinges of Dogs: Ari/fetle writeththefethings concer- 5?
ning the biting ofa Lyon, and not ofa wolfe.
Johanes Vitus the Hungarian declared that there were certaine men in Hangary bitten
by a mad VVolfe, and that they wereas it feemed prefently cured : Butbefore forty daies
expited they ail dyed by a moft bitter or painefull difeafe, fmall pieces of fleth encreafing
through their Vrine in the forme of Dogges, with anexceedingepaine er torment. It
is
es Pee d
of the Sabel. | ! 755
is alfo reported ofa certaine Countrey man, who when hee had ftriken a Wolfe with his
Club, and the Wolfe hadfo torne his face with his Nailes, that he pulled off the skinne,
he was in {hort time healed that there app eared no figne of any harme, but in fhorttime
after he beganne to be ficke, andto howle like vnto a Dogge,and fo perifheds by which it
was conie&ured that that Wolfe was mad . An Oxe beingbitten bya mad Wolfe or
Dogge is cured by Garlike being beatenand rubbed vppon the wound: the Wolfe him-
(elfe is alfo healed ofany wound by old Salt feth applyed vntothefame. "Two drammes e/fricerre,
of Gentian being drunke in Wine, is an excellent curefor the bites ofa mad Dogge and
rauening Wolues,as alfo of allbeaftes tearing with their teeth or Nailes. Thebitesof 5
Wolues being marked in the bodies ofany Cattell are burned orf eared withahotyron,
xo Jeaftthat the biting bee affuredl y hurtfull, may draw vnto it felfe corruption.’ And thus
much fhali fuffice concerning the medicines of the Wolfe.
OF THE ZEBEL,
commonly called a Sabel.
Mongallthe kindes of Weafels, Squirrels, Wood-Mice,
wilde-mice, or other little Beafts of the world, there is none
comparable to this Zebeth, commonly called in Latin Zebel-
lus,and Zobela, from whence the Germans call it Zobel, the
Illirians and Pollonians Sobel,and Sebel the Italians 52//,and
Sablines:the skins hereofare cald Zebelline, and Zobellina, &
fometimes Zibelliaa «It is bred in'\Méufcouia, and the Not-
thernepartes ofthe NNorlde , among the Lapones, but no
wheiémore pientifüllehenin Tartaria, Scythia, and Sarmafít,
and it is therefore called by fome Mus Seythicus , the Scythi-
anMoufe. TheFrench-men: becaufe of the fimilitude it hath with a Martin, doe cali it
bya compounded name Martéis Soublincis. Ycliseth for the moft part in the Woodes,
being leffer then a Martin euery way,and hathalfo fhorter Legges:they runne vppe and
go downe vpontrees like Squirrels, eafily faftening their. clawes in the boughes; when they
leape their taile fernethin ftead ofa Crofie beameto dire& them : They bite moftireful,
for their teeth are as (harp a Razors, and there is no beaftin the World oftheir quantity
fo angry and terrible as they : their &efh is vaprofitable and good for nothing. The onely
- priceand eftimation of this beaft is for the skinne ; which farre excellethvallthe.skinnes of
the World, either Ermins, Martins,or Foines differing herein from the Martins, becaufe
their haire is thinner,and ifyou ftroke them from the head to the taile, or on the contrary
ry from thetaileto the head,they dolic euery way {mooth, whereas the Martins do only
fall {fmooth from the head to the taile. nateaniiomen oe Boon:
Thefeare more fübie& to Wormes then other skinnes, except they bee continually
| 49 worne,ot layd vp with bunches of VVormewood, butaboue all ether thinges the laying
| ofthemopenone day together in the Sunne oraire, doth him moreharmethena whole
| yeares wearing, for the beaft it felfe liueth evermore in fhadowy places, forbearing the
fun except fhe be hunted,and ketcheth finàll birds in fecret. Inthe furtbeft partof Lit-
tuania they haue little or no Mony,and therfore the Marchants which traffick thether do
exchange their wares for Zebelor Sabel skins; Thofe arethe beft which haue moft white
and yellow haires mingledin them,andthe Garmentes of princes are onelyfringedand
lined wich thefe Sabel skinnes, and honorable matrons, auncient Noble Men and their
VViues doe likewife vfe two or three of thefeto weare about their Neckes, foritis cer»
tainethat a garment of chefe skinnes is much deerer then cloth of Gold,and I haue heard
5° andalfo read,that there haue beene two thoufand duckets payed for fo many as were put
jn one cloake.
]tisa very libidinous and lufifull beaft, and at thattime ftincketh very rankefully,
wherefore it mingledfit felfe with Martins ofall forces that it meeteth: Andthus much
| (hall fafficeto haue difcourfed of this little bea ft. Now there are divers other which feem
‘ ATS to
20
—
x
d
T
apres mo
ume LIRE UT IE e. S
Sa M go —
e ee t CSEN Er aee
756
The Hiflorie of Foure-footed Beafis. 5
tobe of this kindof which,though lhaue not much to fay yet rather chenthey fhouldbe
omitted, I will exprefletheir bare names,that fol may giueoccafionto all our Country-
men that fhall trauaile into other Nations,to make enquiery after them, that fo attheir
returne if they haue any confcience of publique good, they may get themfelues eternall -..
fameandnames, by communicating publikely their owneknowledge, experience, and
learning, whichthey haue gained in thefe, or other Foure-footed-beafls,
Of the Noertes
gage His Beaft is of the quantity ofa Weafell, and by the Germans called 2veerts,
"iral and Qerts, ftom which word the Latines haue their Noerza,for this Beaft. It
eq liueth (as Georgius Agricola writeth) in the Woods, betwixt Sweuia and Vistu-
25991 [4. the colour ofthe haires which is (hort and {mooth, is forthe naoft partlike
Their skinncs arefoldat Franckford by forty ina heape or bundle, they are
Jong, and morered thenthe Ferrets, euery bundle moft commonly is fold for fixeand
twenty Nobles. Somethinke that this is the Latax, fpoken off before, becaufe it getteth
his liuing in the waters.
e Of the Varmel.
: 18
TESI e2 LC a leffethena Ferret, the belly wherof is black, althe refidue of the skin ful of
see, white, pale; red, and yellow fpots, which adorneth it inadmirableman-
FOS ner, very comely,and excellentto be looked vpon, the taile not pafthalfe:
FSSASGH a hand bredth long, thetip whercofis: blacke, but thehaires oftherefidue
mixed with white and afhecolourtogether: 4.113 5 LOLAT.
There is another beaft which forthe variety of thecolours, whichare apparantin his
skinne, he is called a Salamsander, not that which liuetlvin the fier, but one like vnto it,ha-
uinga gentle haire ;diftinguifhed all euérinto blackeand yellow f; pets, and thefe becaufe 30
of our ignorance we reckon among our outlandi(h weafels.
In Indiathereis alittle beaft called Chtwrez, having a very pretious skinne,and this (as
Cardan writeth) hath a bag vnder the belly, wherein it fufferech his young ones to goe in
. and out, as before we hauefaid of the S/zivulpa; or Foxe-Ape. :
There is another little Beaft in Hungaria, called Vzekez, which dwelleth in holes of the
earth as Conies do, the outward proportion whereof is likea weafell, but it is muchthin-
nerandlonger, the colour ofthe backe is red, and all the refidueof the body moufe co-
leur. Nowalthough I donotreadany fpeciall vfc of the skin of this bea ft, yet I thought
it good to nameit in this place, becaufe it is reported thatthe breathing thereofvppon
the face of man, fs venomous and poyfonfull, for when Souldiers fleep in their tentsvp- 4°
onthe earth, they come many times and ooke in their faces and poyfonthem:Andthus’ ©»
much for the Zebel, and thefeuerall kinds of this little beaft.
QESCODEDEO HE URS EK WISE,
. .OR SIVET-CAT,
Sema: He belt defcription that is ofthis beaft in all the World that I could.
Ue, a euer find, wastaken by Docfour Cay, and thus fent. asit is heerefi-
= Pe: gured to Decfour Ge/ner with thefe words following: There carne
(aay Was brought out of Affrica, the piGure and fhape whereof in every
i6 Acl Ay! point I caufed to be taken, which is this perfixed, fo that one Egge
ee ia = is not more like another, then this is to thefaid sivet er Zibet. Tt
WIA OR is greater then any Cat, and lefferthena Taxus, hauing a fhatp face
like a Martin, a (hort ;tound;blunt eare,which was black without but pale within, and on.
; the
His Beaftis called by the Latins Yormela, by the Germans Iformieim,itis —
E.A tomy fight (faith Docfour Cay) a Zibeth or Siuet very lately which 5?
"E n
QE POP,
of the Sinet-( at. . 757 l
Ni
DAP
^ ^"
x T
: S sr EID) "jii 2"
emisora m
—
thebrims,ablew skye-coloured eye,afooteand Legge blacke, and more broad or open
thena Cats: Likewife a blacke claw, neither fo crooked nor fohid in the footeas itis ina
Cat, but their teeth are more fearefull and horrible. Itisallfpotted ouer the body,bue
the Nofethereof is blacke,the ncather part ofthe vpper chap pale, and the middle parc
blacke, and from thence to the top ofthe head it isof the colour ofa Badger . Thelower
2o Chap wasall blacke, and the briftles of the vpper chap were white, growing forth a of pale
skinne,and a litle aboue the eye there were two other white ones growing forth ofa black
skinne.
The throat thereof was blacke, anda little aboue the eye there arifethree blacke lines
or firakes : whereof the fir(t or vppermoft defcendeth downe right to thethroate: the fe- , |
cond defcendeth compaffe in and out to themiddle ofthe Necke : Andthethird downe i
tothe fhoulder, andthenalittle beneath that place on the contrary, arife two other blacke i
lines like circlesafcending in the compaffe of the (houlder to the backe bone: andall the {
refidue of the body is diftinguithed and parted into many colours, hauing diuers and fun- i
dry blackefpotsfcattered abruptly chrough outthe whole circuit : whereof fomeare con. |
3o tinucdandioynedtogether. Forthat which isvpponthe backeis continued from she. !
fhoulder, and the fecond and third arifing ip that part, are broken and deuided, the fourth
and all the refiduc are in likefort difcontinued and feparated onefrom the other, fo that |
their pofition runnethall inlength. .
Thefirft part of his taileto the middle is fpotted,andallthe refidue blacke . The haire
both on the face, Legges, and feet, is foft,and very gentle to be handled, ‘falling downe,
but inall other parts of the body, itis harfh, deepe, and ftanding vpright: chefpots doth
both afcend and defcend, the tongue hereof was fmooth and not rugged, and vnder the
taile was the paffage for the excrements after the fafhion in other Beaftes, anda little be-
neath the fame was the receptacle or bag containing the sivet, and a little {pace after that
4? the priuy part of the Male which washid or fheathed inthe body. The Beaft being mo.
ued to anger, vttereth a voyce like toche voyceofan angry Cat, withal, doubling thelet-
ter RR. butbeing not angry the voyceislikea young Cats; although lower .
This Zibet was inlengthfrom the head tothe taile, one foote, three palmes, and one
Roman fingers breadth, but the breadth therof vnder the belly was one foot two palmes,
and threeRoman fingers. It wasagentleand tractable Creature, and wasfoldefor eight
pounds of Engli(h mony, which was in French twenty foure Crowns, or in Florens for
andeight. Thefethings arefaidby Docfour Cay. Now vnto this Gefger addeth,tharhe
xeceiued {uch another pi&ure from one Johannes Kentmannus, which he tooke by another
of thefe Cats in the poffeffion ofthe Duke of Saxony,and hee {aid that ic was bought by
5? him forfeuenty Taters(euery Tater being worth in our Englifh mony eight pancehalfe
penny) inthe yeare ofthe Lord 1545. This Beaftisa very cleane Beaft, I meanea hater of
filhineffe ; and therefore the place whercin it lyeth mutt be {wept every day,and the vef.
[cis cleane wathed. The Siset ot liquor diftilled out of the Cod, mut betaken away euc-
ry fecond or third day, orelfethebeaftdoth rub it forth ofhisowneaccord, vppon fome
ey pofi
— a
pofiin his kennel,
The Hiftory of Foitre-footed Bealls,
ifhebetamedorindofed, This Siser isanexerement not growing in
thefecret part onely, but ina peculiar receptacle by it felfe, increafing every day the
waight ofa groat. The colour whereof at the beginning is like butter, but afterwardes it
erowethmorefad and browne: encounceofitif itbe pure and not fophifticated, is fold
for eight Crownesat theleaft. Therebe inapoftours which do adulterare it with an ox-
es gall, $tyrax,and Honny. This is ofa ftrange fauour, and preferred before Muske by
many degrees, yetit fmelleth warftific be held hard to the INofe : It is faidthat theliquor
running out ,doth go backeagaine if any veffell be putto receiue it, except it be a Syluer
Spoore,or Porringer. |
Leo Afer faith, thefe Beaftes are wilde, vntamable, andliue vppon fle(h, but theEzro- ..
an Marchants buy ef the young oncsand nourifh then tame, with Branne, Milke hard
Egges,andother things, and that fo they conuay them into Europe out of Affrick, emp-
tying their cods twice or thricea day in the hot Countries 5 andthat this Siue isnothing
elfe but the fweat of the Beaftvnder theribbes, forelegges, Necke, and taile - There were
diners of thefe Zibets tamed among other. Itis reported of a Confüll of the Florentine
Marchants at Alexandriathat had one of thefe fo tame, thatit wouldplay with amanand
bite his Nofe, eares, checks, or lips fo gently, that it fhouldnot be felt;the reafon where-
of was giuen, becanfeit wasatthe Grft nourifhed withthe Milkeofa Woman. 'Cardigall
Galeottus had three of thefeat Rome, which he kept for their Siwer, and Otho Duke of Ba-
waria,had alfoone whichhe nourifhed with Sugar. They are bredin Aethiopia and In-
diaabout the Citty Pegus and Tarnafari . Their Siuet is not favorytillitbee wafhed and
clenfed. Itisfaid to be very excellent again {tthe ftrangulations ofthe wombe, and
it is good againft the collicke, it bath alfo vertue to purge thewombes ~
of women, to purgethe braine, and is applyedto ma- *
ny otherdifeafes and infir-
miti¢s.
FINIS.
———— p
e [ii Epilogue to the Readers.
Hus haue I by the merciful goodneffe ofthe Lord arriued at the firft
Zee) of the foure portes of liuing creatures, whereunto I haue purpofed
to faile by Gods permifsion, of Beafts, Birdes,Fifhes, Serpents, and
EASES} all creeping imperfe& creatures, andto difcourfe to all my Coun-
trimen that part of Diuinity that was neuer knowne in Englifh, Itake my owne
Confcience to witneffe, whichis manifeft co my Judge and Sauiour, | haue inten
ded nothing but his glory that is the Creator ofall; and if I thought that heereby
the world wouldnotbethe more prouoked to acknowledge and obey his fo-
ueraign Maieftie,whileft that they behold asinEDEN the affembly of all known
and vnknowne Beatts, butread the ftories to feed curiofitie, and behold their fi-
gures as Children do Babies, I would not onely defit andgo no farther,but al-
fo wifh that this workewere buried in Obliuion, and the poore lame Paraliticke
right hand which wrote and endited the fame, were (euered from the bodie.
Therefore (well minded Readers,) heerein youtfhall fatisfie your owne confci-
ences and harts, whenthe vifible thinges of the world, doe lead you tothe invi-
fible things of God, and all chefe rowes and ranks of living Foure-footed-Beafts
Pantie
OW;
m OM
are as letters & Mid-wiuesto faue the reuerence which is dueto the higheft (that
made them) from perifhing within you.
If you thinke my endeauors and the Printers cofts neceffarie and commen-
dable,and if you would euer farther or fecond a good enterprize, | do require al
men ofconf:ience that (hall euer hear, read, or fee thefe Hiftories, or wilh for the
fight of the refidue, to helpe vs with knowledge,andto certifie their particular ex-
periences inany kinde, or any one ofthe lining Beaftes sand withall to confider
how gteat a task we do vndertake, trauelling for the content and benefit of other
men, and therefore how acceptable it would be vnto vs, and procure euerlafting
memorie tothemfelues,tobe helpers, incouragers, ayders, procurers, maintai-
ners,and abettours, to fach a labor and needefull endeuour, as was neuer before
enterprized in England. | :
IF S. Per En did finde in one Fifhes mouth apiece ofmony which difchar-
ged his Maifters and hisSubfidie. Jf Ape tt that was the firft man that hearded,
and gaue himfelfe to the knowledge both humane and Deuine, that i$ to be lear
ped out of Cattle, vas the firft man that enteredheauen, JfairAngell opened the
mouth of B ALAAMS Affe who fpake like aman, why fhould notwe being com-
maunded with S. PETER to (carch altheworkes of God, looke into the mouths
ofother Fifhes, with expectation of commodity ?or why fhoulde not wee learne
the feuerall ves, Deuine and humane, which God hath ordained in the natures
ofbeafts? or why (hould not wein this our latter age of the world which run and
ride to gaine wealth by the harme ofthe innocent as B A LA A M did, haue our ac-
cured Coueroufnes reproued by the fecret voices of Affes, [fay no more of this
workebut MaRTIALs Words:
cafibus bie nullis , multis hie delebilis annis, viuet , Apelleum cum morietur opus.
And fo Iconclude with the faying ofS. Auften in his Booke de Gen. againft the
Manichees, where he fpeaketh thus ofthe Beafts and all creatures,
V'furpa vtilia caue pernitio fa, relinque fuperfluas in omnibus tamen cum men[uram d numeros d*
ordine vides, artifigem quare. Farewell. . Yyy 2
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Beaftes
Hebrew’
> ® char 503
| Adapes me
Alai “706
^ Ako _118
Ari ASE
Araa 30
"rod 39
Arioth 456
‘Arkobizanes cA
Ajil zel sone
Ako 1 445
Aj al 12 I
Aldbip 734
Alia, Aielet 121
Arnebet 264.
"tud 230
— pen, Bakar .98
Bogia 2
- Behemab 192
^Caar 20
! Chamar 20
"Catull 102
" Chafir , Chaferab 661
Chuldab, Coled 726
‘Difchon 570
Dobb. Dubins 36
Egel $8
Egela 68
Ere 30
Erem 278
Ez 230
Gamal 42
Gajeder | 20
Gedaym 247
Gedi 640
go s
lof che names ofall the
Tachafch 33
Tartak —— 20
Thates Theheh 598
Tin[chemet 497
Tigros 706
T? ay,
Tor,Taur | 6o
Zanier IOI
Zebi Zebiah Ii4
Zeir 230
Zum 6
Zeeb Zeebim 72
Zebah Ibid
(aldey.
A Bir 6o
.*Acbera 503
‘Aldub 3 26
Ana 161, 598
Alphec 568
Aielah OifiTaY
-Ariauan 466
Arneba 264
‘Arebue,Arnebetis 264
contayned inthis Hyftory,
in diuers Languages.
Gediath 14,247
Hatfm | 247
“Hanaka 534
^ Izbeth/ch-neth 230
“Karas * 10:715
- Keleb 137
' Kebe[eh Kabfa ;
Kibfa . 598
Kipod 277
- Koph, Kophin 2
Laifch oe 456
Lamas Ey
Merodo
-Namer Jub A576
Neelim ab 2udius99 . :
Oath AOS
Ochim 6
Oker door X21
Par sare ioe
Para TENER.
Pered pirdah : 001536
P erot dish 498
Phorades., me yo bu! 706
“‘Rachel,Rechelims — n 598
Reems 3712
‘Sair Sktrim 13
Schanar,Schunara 102
Schaphas IIO
Schor 68
Schojanim . 456
Sequll 221
Sch 598
Seir 230
suf Sufab 281
Tahaz 956
Tahel «5598
Yyy 3
Afchuta
498
Bakera 68
Beira "195
Caupeda 278
Chafira 661
Culdah . 726
Caudaha 556
Daboube 36
Duba 36
Deeba 734
Deba 101734
Dikerim
Eaftoz 495
Gamela, Gamcle 22
' . Gadeia
|
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|
Mo. uM
MAL
— — Àáráorá
tro
—
c ege cer
Too
Gadeia
Jacle
Imar
Ize
Kacheobeon
Kalba
Kophin
Leta
Meriah
Oza
Rachlak
Ramakin Sufuatha
Schedin
Teias-iaij 230
Thabia Tabitha
Thapfa
Tora, Torata
Thor:
Zephirah
eA rabian.
Canthil
Aduldus
Albednefter
Alborach
Alnegeb
Alraneb .
Afad - °*
Thaal
Bagel
Bakar
Beal
Behitz
Chabal
. Chalcail
Dakh
Darafch
Dib
Dubbe Lig
Egel
Aunab
) |
eee qe y eed oy
Saraxen.
pi wean
Fer or phar .-$93:
Gemal ^ ^92
Genas 598
Hazir 661.
Iebu — Nó
Kabfa 631
Kalbe — 127
Kanifer 661
Kony
Lanebaraz 498^
Lefeiathin X a
Maez 230
Metahan $20
Mefch, Mifch, Almifch’ 551
: Pelagoz 498
Sarapha UT OL
Safgona
Scleah iM
Scrofa MC GI
Taur 60
"Teus . 230
Thabin “114
Thaleb 221
Vebart BO
Saracens, |
Duldul “588
Adualul =, * 7588
Adulbus 588
Aherha 588
An-fe em
Arneph ' 264
Albamet 6358
Alchercheden ipio
Bakiron Bib v
Caldah ‘S796
Ceufud or Coufeud" 278
Kqlty — m wii
Fara ias 993
is NT EN» 037
esie |
"Perfhan.
GanemeGarien ~~
598
Heel 38
Kep-Kolph y)
Kat 1o2
Sebey 456
Shymel 22
Soufias 281
^Perfan.
Sthak
Abu £s
Afteban 230
Anmus : $03
Angurbah-Dedach |
Asbacha 28r
Begauzerah XIO
"Para 598
Behad 192
Bufan 230
‘Buz 230
_Buz-galaie ..230
Cahali Bufan 247
Chare 20
Deuan 13
Gehad 416
Geuazen I2r
Gofalai «468
Gofpand 598
Gurba 726
‘Kargos 264.
Komefchan-Thu — | 558
Koiziotu 445,
Medagaucha UM
Mar-an-Buk 661
Nadgaeah , d
Neranciích us $T
Sag 13137
Schetor is 92
‘Sciaphah EE ^7;
Scher Nui é
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THE GREEKE NAMES
TEES :Aigafiro, 246
Agrum II3
Agelada , 68
Aegoceros 445
Aix . 130
Aeluros 102
Acanthonocos 278
Acanthocoiros $88
J"Amnos 640
Ariake 631
Arnos, Arnab 640
Arai. 640
Alke 212
Alogo 281
Alloptihekos 19
Anebros I2I
Alopekon, Alepex,Alopon 221
Analopes
Aptolos — » I bid ‘
Afpalax 498
Ar itos 36
Aréopithekos 19*
Aftrabe 556
Beiros 36
Bifoon 5°
Bolinthus 53
Bonaffos 53
Boubalos,Boubalis 57
Bous Boes 68
Camelos 92
Camelopardalis IOI
Caftor 44
Cercopithecos 6
Cher 278
Chimaron 230
Cerafte 631
Choiros 661
Cynokephalos
Damalis 68
Damalai 68
Dafyllys BwinZe
Dafypos couniclos ilo
Dorcas 315. Dromes
Dorcalts Dorcadion
Echinas
Echydris
Enarchan
Erifon
Eriphot
Elaphos
Elatiea
Elephas
Galeopithekos
Gala Agria
Gale
Hemjonos
Hippos
Hus c
Hyftrix.
- Ibanauge
Indouros
Ic tá
Ixalon
Ivalos
Kapron
Kallithrix
Kattes Kats
Kepos Kebes
Killos
Kriare
Kuen
Lagis Georchios
Laphe Pelaphe
Lagos Lagoos
Leow
Luex
Ly6os
Lytra
Lagos
Morale
Leporis
JMyexos
Mys aroayaios
Megamukos
jid
279
$62
230
247
247
121
144
192
18
216
726
556
261
661
558
726
499
216.
246
445
661
Mimeon 2
Monops Monopios $3
Monios 36
Monokeros. 712
Mofchos Moufchart 88
My 503
Murmeleon 706
Onos 20
Orthopenticos 499 '
Ojs 598
Perifsas 192
Pithecos 2
Plagtognos platyceros. Prox
Ii5
Ptox 364
pardales Pardalis Panther 575,
Poephagos 587
Probaton 598
Raftes ; 509
Rifcos 519
Satyros 13
Schanzochoeros 588
Siphuens 499
Scturos . 656
Skunax 110
Skele IIO
Skilos Skile 137
Sphinx 17
Suarctos 33
Suagros 6I
T'arandos 55
Tauros 60
Theureticos 144
Tragelaphus 118
Ti ragos " 230
Tigris Tigre 706
Zarkadi VI5
| Zon, Zona $59
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LATINE NAMES
A Egypt hecus . 16
4L 9e Africanay id ef ) Panthe-
"a 575
Agnus 640
"Ale 212
Allecamelus 102
Alpinus mus 521
Alzabo.jd eff hyena 435
Ana Tol
Analapos I
"Aper 694.
Araneus mus 534
Arttopithecus 1g
Aries 631
Avimelini 726
Alius 20
Afini corauti in Scythia c A-
‘jrica 31
JAffnus Indigus 32
Axis 32
Bef 2
Bifon 50
Bifon albus Scoticus 52
Bonafus 52
Bos — 68
Bos camelites 724
Bones feri diuer/i 721
Bones feri Indict 7246
Bones Libyei 724.
Boues Paonici 2
Boues Troglodytlei 50
Bubalus de genere boumyuulgo
buffalus M
Bubalus veterum de genere ca
prearum
Burdo 29
Bufelaphus 66
Cacus 92
Callithrixfinia 8
Calopus I
Camelus fimpliciter, vel Bact-
r1ana 92
Camelus dromas vel Arabica
27
Camelopardalis, vel Camelus
Indica IOI
Campe Io
Caniceps id eft cynocephalus 1o
Canis 137
Canes diner ft 164.
Canes aquatici, hoc eff in aquas
mergi cy uatarecon[ueti 54
Canes auictipto feruientes 154
Canes beliicoft
Canes bigeneres vel mixti
inm
Canes cuftodes in genere
Cuftodes priuatarum ep pn-
blicarum edium 160
Priuatarum 264
Canis defenfor hominis
Canis fidelis vel poft mortem
domini
Canis fluniatilis, id efl, lutra
$72
Canis Getulis 161
Canisinutilts
Canis melit at 161
Canis mimicus 161
Canes mixti velbigeneres 154.
Canis nauticus
Canis paftoralis '
Canis fagax, e de inueftigati-~
one anumalium |
Canes Scotiti 149
Canis focins ci fides
Camis velox
Canes venatict in genere
Cams venaticus vobu(lus, ad-
uer[us magnas aut fortes fe"
ras
Canis villaticus 160
Capra 230
Capra Indice imagines: 235
Capra fylueffres 243
Caprea,capreolus 115
Capreolus mofchi “S51
Caprteornus 246
Caftor 44
Catoblepon 262
Catus feufeles - 102
Catus fyluefiris 107
Catus paludis $72
Centauri 437
Cepus y
Cercopithecus 6
Cercopitheci Prafiani c alij
magnt 9
Ceruus I2I
Ceruus Palmatus 113
Ceruus fubplo 1i4
Chaus 488
Chiurca muficlarum generis
Cheropitheci 3
Cácalus 675
Citellus vel mus Novitas 532
Colas. 108
. Critetus de genere mtrinm
529. A
Crotuta 440
Cunitulus Ilo
Cuniculus ant porcellas Indicus
112
Cy nocephalus IO
Dama Pliny, cui cornua iu 4d-
uer[um adumea 243
Dama rentiorum,ideft, caprea
platyceros 113
Dama vel damula promuftela
25
Dictys 137
Dorcas id eff caprea 115
Dromas cameius bulgodro-
medartus. 97
Eale 19
*Echinusterrefiris 278
Elephas " 192
Emptra 5st
Equus 281
Erinaceus vel echines 278
Ericius fylneftyis °° 588
Feles feu catus. 55 102
Felis zibethi
Fiberfeucaflor = - 44
Faro alias furettus; furuncu-
lus fretta 216
Galeopithecus 18
Genetha 228
Ginnus - WY 29
Giraffa IOI
Glis W526
Gorgon c detmeps 262
‘Gulo 26i
Haut I9
Annis 2
Hippelaphus © °° 8 326
Hippopotamus - 338
Hireus 230
Hedus 247
Hy firix 598
Ibex 445
Ichneumon 448
Iitis 216
Jnnus 29
Lamia 452
Lardirone
Laffieius
TOR SUME
— gm qune OO - " : " EN
LATINE NAMES.
Lajvsicius vous 546 Mas Laficius 546 Serapha Tor
Latax 575 Musnapelli $44 Simia 2
Launanum 568 Mus Noricusvelcitellus 532 Simiacallitrix . 8
Leo 456 Mas peregrinus . $48 Stmiacaudata 6
Leopardus 575 Mas Pharaonis A48 Simia Prafiane cy alia magnag
Et priuatim deeo Mas Ponticus feuVenetusvul- Simivulpa Lot)
Lepus 164 go Varius $32. Sobella eeneremuflelar 756
Leucrocuta 442 Musfyluatieus $44 Sorex 546
Lupus 732. MusVenetus 532 Sphinx fimia RSG
Lupus Arabie 734 MufmonvelMufimon 642 Spinxfabulofa ' 17
Lupus Armeuins 734 Mufa 7as Spiriolus 656
Lupus aureus 734 Mujtelaruftica 72s Strepficeros 655
Lupus catus ; 440 Mauftela Sobella 756 St 660
Lupus ceruarius 488 Nabis IOI Subus 660
Lupus marinus 749 - Neades vel Neides 567 SWilluspro ichnevmone 418
Lupus ve[pertinus 43s. Noerza muftelarü zeneris 756 SUS 661
Lutra 572 Onager | 3o Talpa | 428
Lutr e congeneres Ibid Omáeer Indicus 32 Tarandus $5
Lycaon - ea Or aflus vel Orafi us iori atus 705
Lycopantheros 750 Oryx 570 Taurus 60
Lynx . 488 Ones | 598 Taxus,videMeles - 33
Lynx Indica vel Africana 488 Ouis platycercos et macrocercos Thos 750
Maefolus 575 . 600 : Thuroin Tarando & feorfim
Mantichora 442 Ones fere ; 598 PCs Pe .
Martes ; 495 Pan 16 Tigris 796
Meles,vulgotaxus — ^ 33 Panther | 575 Arageaphus " . 118
Melit ei canes 261 Panthera vel pardalis, pardus Vacca — 63
Monoceros (656 Y12 575. 7 Varius; id eft mus velfciurus
Monops 52 Papi . 439. PonticusautVenetus — 532
Monftrum in ditione epifcopi Pathio ~~ SLE UESI. Veruex £38
Saleeburgenf. captum —.. 15 Prrolus 656 Vitulus isa 88
Mofchi capreolus ‘551 Peephagus $87 Viuerra 216 .
Malus $56... Mus $03 Porcos 572. Vormela vulgo di&taegene-
Mures agreftes . 342 Phforiusvuleodiius 219 _ remuftelarum 756
Ms alpinus gai Pygmat 3 Vua $68
Mas aquaticus . $2o Rangifer velraingus, 591 Vv[us ae
Mus araueus (934 Rus 77057707 5319 rus 4 721
Mus auellagarum ,..— 545 Rhinoceros $95 Vulpes A23
Mus cecus, qui cr araueus acce- Rhizes 723 PhlpesCrutigera |. 222
pitur etiam protalpa 534 Rupicapra figura hflioria 244 ‘Zabojdefihyana — .. 455
Mures dinerft 9731 Sagoin 18 — Zibethifeles 5b
Mures diuerfi feeundumregio- ‘Satherium ~~ 575 Zobel genarts muftelarum 756
nes ordine literarum Satyrum sy. 57$ Lubre am nh
Maus Getulus «933 Satyrus Jfemsa o Ki ene rig
Mus Indicus 548 Satyri demenes «1 r
Mus maior domefticus, uulgo — Sciurus 0656 Wr
FAS ov 0. 519 onus Getulus 59 '*
E Me í
WAGE os ME
——— BG LÀ afl
ITALIAN AND! SPANISH NAMES.
Mulo . $56
capriolo del Mufco $51
Mufco : $51
Mofetain vel muzeraigneRhe
tis 534
" Muftela Rhetis Latinum no-
menretinet —
O:fo 93
Pantegana Venetis, mus ma-
ior domefticus 119
Pardo | 575
Pecora 598
Porca fattrice, 661
Porco 661
Porco caftrato 661
Porco fyluatico 694
Porcofpinofo —— $98
Rato di cafa 503
Riccio vel rizo 278
Samada Maionio - 2
Schiriuolo velfchirato 656
Scrofa 661
Simia 2
Sergo morgange 520
Sorgio mofchardino 542
Sorice alias forgio 503
Sourco 503
Stainbucc 445
Talpa 498
Taffo 33 | Rhztistafch.
Tigre vel tigra 706
Topo ode (SOR
Topo ragno 524
Toro 60
Troia vel treiata 661
Vacca . 68
Vefina Rhatis ibex foemina
445
Vitello 88
Volpe ) 221
"Vnicorno p
Zebellivel zibelli ^. 755
Gno 640
Alicorno 712
Afinibaftardivelnani — 22
. Babuino - IO
Ballottula 726
Beacho 230
Bertuccia 2
Biuaro vel beuero 44
Due 68
Bufalo 57
Camello 92
Camuza 246
Cane duc
Capra 230
Cauretto 247
Capriolaveléauriolo — 115
Caftoreo 4
Caftrone vel caftrato — 65
Caudlo . 281
Caurctto velcapretto — 247
. Ceruo 121
CiaccoFlorentinus ^ 66r
Ciauarello 247
Cinghiale vel cinghiare 694
conigli IIO
Daino vel danio 113
Dannola 726
Dromedario 9
Foino 726
Galero 521
Gatto 102
Ghiro vel gliero 521
Hiftrice . . 588
Iftrice $88
Lardireno vellardirolo 552
Lafino 207
Leocorno 712
Leofante 192.
Leone 456
Leonpardo 575
Lepre 264
Lieuora. . 264
Lionfante (6 MI9n
Lodralodria vellontra | 572 | S panifp. d
Lonza 568 . |
Lupo 74. AS C 20.
Lupo ceruario 488 + à
Lupo chatt 440 Dwey |. 68
Maiale 661 Bufano 57
Marturo,vel martaro,velmar Cabra 230
turello 495 Cabrito 247
Montonevelariete — 631. Cabron 230
Cabronzillo montes IIS
Camello 92
Capra montex 246
Carnero 631 -
Caftor — 44
Canalle b en
Cieruo I2I
Comadreia 726,656
Coneio Io
Cordero 640
Corz 113
Dromedario 97
Elephante 192
Erizo 278
Efquslo feiurus 659
Furam 226 viuerra
Gamo — 113
Gato 102
Gato montes Io7
Hebre 164
Harda 656 — feinrus
Huron viuerra 216.
Tauali 694 aper
Leon 456
Leonpay de vel leon pardal 575.
Liebre 264
Liron 1 521
Lobo . 734.
Marta 445
Moza ! 2
Mulo 556
Mu/fco 5 5 ei
Nutra 527 lutra
Orfovel e[o yvel offe 36
Oueía 599
Perro 157
Puerco 661
Puerco filueftro,vel Puerco
montes .. 694.
Puerco e[pin 598
Rapofa 234
Raf 593
Raton 519
Ratan pequenuo 546
Serie. c 546
Sorce ' - 546
Tafuge 33. -meles
Ternera 88 vitulus
Texon 53 meles
Tope 503
Vues 63
Vaicornio 712 Ximio 2
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FRENCH NAMES
Gneau 640 be Loutre 572
us
4& * Afne 20 € 4 Lieure 264
Babion 20 € Licorne 71%
Baccal circa Metas muftelam vo- Mop — Lyon 456
cant, (Gallice puto.) 726 à “pie Lyron vel ratliren $21
Bedouo 686 meles 629-9 —Margotus Wi 52%
Belette,belotte,balotto — 726 UR Marmor é
Belier 651 $5 ^ Martre "495
Beuf 68 ORY. Martes foublines 755
Beuffle 57 ee Mouton | 638
Biche i21 zc ..— Mulet, mulus, foem, mule © 556
Bieure 44. fiber ) ot: Mullot 542
Blaireau, alias blaureau 33. ae Mufc iss1
meles po Cheureul du mufc $51
Bouc 230 AE Muferain, vel muzeraigne mus
Brebis 598 co © caraneus (131445
Caion 661 * A Mufet,vel mufette, (deni Subir
Cerf vetant tá Se ie dis 55434
Chameau $ 92 Td Ours 36
Chat 102 Sve¢ — Porcchaftre 661
Cheual 281 MAC — Porcfanglier 694
Cheureucl chieure 230 £^ Porcefpic 588
Cheureau É 247 AS Q — Lorceau 4
. Cheureul 115 — AK Porcelet : "A
Chien 137 (x 4 Poutois velpoytois . 219
Chiens augues XS Pouttec 219
Chien limier QUMwog Ran heat
Coche - 661 x c6 — Rangirvelranglier 591
Cochon 661 . a Rat ‘519
Connin 101 Fur Rat d‘eau 520
Dain veldaim 113 NS) ss Rarlironvelratveul ©” ga
Dromadere 97 sus Regnard - fh
Elephant | » 192 MEA Sagoni F192 48
Eicurieuvelefchureau 656 AU Sanglier 694,
‘Foina vel fouina 495 726 2 em Sery Burgundis mus araneus $34
Furon,furet vel fufon fufet fout Sip ge imu
Grifart ' NES ouris MET T
Heriffon in etl E Bd “Taffon,taifion,taxion teflon is
:Herminne jn6. — ES 6 ‘Faulpe | 498
‘Leopard vel Lyopard 575 TOR Tigre Raediwyes
Lerot $45 Qs loreau dr
Leure Sabaudis lutra. $72 Sep ‘Truye "EI
Loir "i 521 em Vache sta bin pos i268
‘Loup 0734 7 AN aVeau . agg
Loup eeruier 20388 aye G6 “Verrat IM
;boupchat 488 Videin Ad- Papa «Celtica vetus lingua cercepithe-
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Anemat 27520
Acher 663
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Quiverochs go
Babioiwr Io
Bar over beer 36
Bary 661
"bibet 44
?btticbnmuff $32
Bilemthter 551
Bock - 230
Banner 638
Bail 60
Baunmnarcder 495
Baumeuter i107
Bracken 150
Sranobirich | 118
iure 57 Witla gro but:
fel . |
Wuchnarder 495
Dan Damn, vambirich dann-
bir(cb asi
Dars , 33
Dorulchwetn 588
wichorn oder evrporm 656
wipari 712
eich, ellend 212
cig 212
eramautl 542
fel . 20
Farle ober varie ° E
Fat2 oder Dar? ^ 60
Feechoverveech — 532
Faamarder 495
Felomautl - 542
Flechtmarder 495
Hrecte oer fretted 216
Fritcpling C^ 638
Fuchs "221
-Arucüsatt 19
Furette 226
Oalts 661
Puff 65, 3i (cbe geitien
Gems 246
Gentthkats 7238
Oise: ai 7/247
Grauwerck (0532
Gtcul $21
Dalemiin 726
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, Laméfer aber pametter nt
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Harnball 546
batfontr haas 264
iafetmautf rof haleimul
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Defiwiner . 651
Peifant | 1 92
Permelin 726
Pedum 150
Tn I21
Pinve, bínDkalb 121
irs, birg, birch 121
Ponenwiier 632
Haupthar 36
und | 137
PHundsigel 150
iPauffmarbet — * 495
jagbunn 137
Motch over 3btcbntís 445
3uel 278
3itía 216
Seren berh 28 -
Kalb — 88
Aamecl over kamelthier — 92.
(ati 102 Taide kate
itziein 247
Mnuticher 638
Kornfarle 529
Kunele bunigh, urieín 100
hu 63
Gurl Hund Corfici canes
Lamb 649
Laffits 546
Lefrat 575
Lefothurnd 137
Leem oder lemmer murium ge-
nus in Norduegia vocatur 726
Leppard 755
Lew 457
Liechtmarder | 595
Lochbundte 136
‘Loos 664
Luchs once tur 488
Luckmus 541
Warder ader matte 495
quito marte 495
Weerkats Aleine mecrkatsen
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oSseerichwyr 588
Cr fthellerie 541
29091 oper motmutt 498
'Flandrice osolmutr Hollandis,
Conor 661
OOullercfetl /.30
Multhter, mulcfel 556
Wulwerff oper molwurt 498
Saxonice.
goummelttíct 60
PMurmelthier, murmentle 521
us : (7563
Wuker . yinostoM 534
j2otk 1:768
Tzutmutfonct nell .-- 542
Debs 68
Mtter «572
jJoantbertbict 575
pile | ($32
J2otcopick 88
jPundten «dod lov los gz
Rainchen 631
Rats 519
eh oder reech IIS caprenlu,
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Rell oder cetimuff- 521
Reerr,cetn,repnerceMnper, rer
(cbictott loc 298 591
Rind 68
Roe 285
Buren 146
Schaaf T 598
Scar oder icharmul . 542
&xcborntul | 542
Scheettele Eri
SHebwyn, (chwein 661
«aat tcomyn 694
Schemmickel oder fume.
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Slaepratte 545 Flandricum. -
Spismus 534 fpantarie oor -
Spurbund 130,”
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stacheltchwein 588
Stembock ^ 445
Steinmarder 495
Stier | éo
Stofinus 542
Siw, fu, fatu 661
Hewiret 1IO
Cachmarder 495
Cachs 33
Caran 588
Thanmarver 495
Chierwoit ' . 749
Cinerthter ; 706
Gara, fare 66
Carte, Farle, vert 66
Cech, feeb 657
attra — 261
Gifent oder wilent (alas onc
ofent)5o ®roile-
vifent 72I
Cioncihund 136
Gorftendbund 136
Gog 22, VulpesFlandrice
Girachs 143
(ra ihraral | 50
Wiatlerhund 154
«a atfeemuscc ^os 520
Uieetk =| one 532
Udtiner 631
Wilprecht 121. X: cerua
qe intpíe 136 bae s
i NU 136
Catlele 726
CM 0934.
wormlein 756
WMucheritier, nas mutper 66
Sibech fats pistol econ g Qe
Splel over scifel- 00500532
Siffmentate gratten 534
Sptku 38
“Babel 755
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Kony
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Korytaski
Kralik vel krolijk
Krticze
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Niemegla myff 546
Opicze '2
Olel 20
Otzijícax 248
Owcze 598
Pes vel pas 137
Pizmo 551
PouuodPolonicum ^ ^ ^ 71:2
Porcofpino ^ ^ : 588
Prafe soy 661
Rys CT SS
Roffomak animal apud Lituaros
& Mefcouitas (OT 0967
Sarna 521
Sczurek Polonicum 521
Sczurcz $04
SyfelBohemice — . $29
Skop 6s1
Slon 192
Sniatky Mofconiticum — ^. 108
Sobolvel Sobol 756
~ Srna | II$
Swinie 261
Tohorz 9 Cou 219
TurvelthuroPolonicum ^^ 55
Tzuuijerzatko 369
VijdraPolonieom ^ ^| 76
. Vislii canes robuftiffimi Polo-
> Nis 136
Vuelblud 92
Weprz Meroe * ]
WewerPolonicum — — 734
Wewerkavelwijewijeika 657
Vuydra MIA vL.
Wika 734
Wal 3C 60,68
Zagicz I 64
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